The question of how to contend with terrorism in keeping with our preexisting
 moral and legal commitments now challenges Europe as well as Israel and the
 United States: how do we apply Just War Theory and International Law to
 asymmetrical warfare, specifically to our counter terrorism measures? What
 can the classic moral argument in Just and Unjust Wars teach us about
 contemporary targeted killings with drones? I begin with a defense of
 targeted killing, arguing for the advantages of pin pointed attacks over any
 alternative measure available for combatting terrorism. Assuming the
 legitimacy of killing combatants in wartime, I argue, there is nothing wrong,
 and in fact much that is right, with targeting particular terrorists selected
 by name, as long as their assassinations can be reasonably expected to reduce
 terrorist hostilities rather than increase it. Subsequently, I offer some
 further thoughts and comments on the use of remotely piloted aircrafts to
 carry out targeted killings, and address the various sources for discomfort
 with this practice identified by Michael Walzer and others.


Here is a criticism of management definitions and a method to solve communication problems that plague the modern business world.


The topic about the differences between demand and supply in the labour market in all economic sectors becomes even more relevant. On the one hand, there are several active generations looking for employment and having different attitudes and expectations concerning a job; on the other, the differences in the qualification and experience required by employers and what applicants offer are getting bigger. The goal of this article is to reveal the new tendencies in the labour market in the agrarian sector. The following conclusions have been systematized: workers from the new generations look for challenging jobs with opportunities for career development; there is a deficit of experienced specialists and they are of key importance for achieving the business objectives of organizations; employers address to cooperation with both universities and vocational schools; an opportunity for increasing the quality of professional education is the dual system.


cATs REARED under various conditions of visual deprivation are deficient in their subsequent performance of certain visual tasks (6, 19). Wiesel and Hubel (15-17, 25-28) have sought the physiological basis of these effects by comparing receptivefield properties of single visual neurons of normhlly reared cats to those of visually deprived cats. Their consistent finding (17, 26-28), confirmed by others (7), is that cells of the striate cortex develop permanently abnormal receptive-field properties during deprivation rearing. In a preliminary study, Wiesel and Hubel (25) observed that cells of the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (LGNd) in visually deprived cats have essentially normal receptive fields despite the loss of many large cells in this nucleus. These findings have been subtantially confirmed (11, 24). The present studv which follows note the a series presence of of t recent wo funct papers ionallv distinct types of cell in the cat's retina and LGNd: the X-cells (3, 13) (type II (5, 21) or sustained cells (2)) and the Y-cells (3, 13) (type I (5, 21) or transient cells (2)). This paper presents evidence that one effect of rearing cats with visual deprivation (achieved by neonatal eyelid suture) is the selective elimination from the LGNd of Y-cells. The remaining neurons appear to be functionally normal.


A computer program called a 'scenario machine' has been devised for studying aspects of X-ray binary evolution. The program uses the known facts about stellar evolution and well-known rules of thumb for the outcome of certain events. Starting with the masses of two main sequence stars and an orbital period along with the fractional mass and angular momentum losses as initial parameters, the machine computes the fate of the system. This fate is governed by the normal signal-star evolution of the two components, which is, however, interrupted by such events as mass exchange and the supernova explosion of one of the components.


It may be, that female petitioners can lawfully be heard, even by the highest rulers of our land.-Catharine Beecher, 1829"Circular Addressed to Benevolent Ladies of the U. States"Catharine Beecher kept it a secret for decades. In 1829 Beecher, best known as a leader of the nineteenth-century domestic economy movement and as an active, life-long proponent of women's education, went home to Boston to visit her family. Her visit coincided with the visit of her father's friend, Jeremiah Evarts. Evarts and Lyman Beecher worked together in evangelical reform, and a prominent national issue troubled both men: the federal government's plan to remove Native Americans from within the boundaries of six southern states. Almost fifty years later, in Educational Reminiscences and Suggestions, Catharine remembered Evarts describing to her the "distressing and disastrous consequences that would result from the cruel measures undertaken" by the federal government against the Cherokee, Chickasaw, Choctaw, Creek, and Seminole southern tribes. Catharine also remembered Evarts telling her that "American women might save these poor, oppressed natives." Inspired by Evarts's personal request that she "devise some method of intervention," Catharine returned to Hartford Female Seminary, the school for girls of which she was founder and principal. Upon her return, Catharine Beecher granted Evarts's request. She initiated and orchestrated the first national women's petition campaign in United States history. Amazingly, nearly 1,500 women followed her lead.1But later in her public debate with Angelina Grirnke on women's antislavery petitioning, Beecher adamantly denied women the right to petition the federal government. In 1837 she told Grirnke and her readers, "In this country, petitions to congress, in reference to the official duties of legislators, seem, IN ALL CASES, to fall entirely without the sphere of female duty." Beecher subsequently became the target for Grimke's thoughtful, spirited, and committed essays in support not only of the women's antislavery petition campaign but also women's rights more broadly.2 Yet only eight years earlier Beecher had urged women to petition Congress in protest of the federal government's Indian removal policies.This seeming contradiction has puzzled scholars. In an award-winning 1999 Journal of American History essay, Mary Hershberger seeks to explain Beecher's reversal. She argues that the "unsettling experience" of "congressional attacks . . . seems to have contributed to the end of both [Beecher' s] work at the Hartford Seminary and her advocacy of women's political petitioning." But only one congressman attacked women for their antiremoval activism. Despite the door being opened for attack, other congressmen were neutral about or inattentive to the sex of petitioners.3 Hershberger also seems to be overstating the antiremoval campaign's relevance to Beecher's move away from Hartford. As Beecher's biographer Kathryn Kish Sklar explains, in 1831 Beecher grew bored at Hartford and decided to join her father in his move to Cincinnati, where Beecher believed she could support her father's work and bring national attention to the improvement of female education.4 Certainly on the surface Catharine Beecher's reaction to later petitioning is both puzzling and worthy of scholarly attention. However, close examination of Beecher's advocacy of a women's petition campaign and the Indian Removal petitions themselves, recently recovered from the National Archives in Washington, DC, provides a different explanation for Beecher's seemingly disparate attitudes, an explanation that repositions conservative voices within our understanding of women's political activism in the early nineteenth century.Before 1830, women petitioned local, city, and state governments, and they often used a "discourse of domesticity" to do that work. Those petitions dealt with issues such as city services, orphanages, and female education, however-not issues of federal policy. …


FIELD: engines and pumps. SUBSTANCE: cooling device includes electric water pump which performs circulation of cooling agent, radiator which dissipates the heat from cooling agent, electric fan which cools the radiator, control device and the first flow velocity correction device. Control device controls velocity of discharge flow of electric water pump on the basis of target flow velocity set on the basis of amount of heat generated in the engine, and controls the operation of electric fan on the basis of cooling agent temperature. When cooling agent temperature is equal to or more than working temperature of fan, at which the operation of electric fan is started, the first flow velocity correction device increases the velocity of discharge flow of electric water pump in compliance with cooling agent temperature increase. Cooling method of internal combustion engine is investigated. EFFECT: improving cooling efficiency of internal combustion engine. 24 cl, 26 dwg


The photochemical reactions of 2-acylphenyl methacrylates (= 2-acylphenyl 2-methylprop-2-enoates) 1 were investigated. Irradiation of 2-acylphenyl methacrylates 1a–d in MeCN gave the tricyclic lactones 2a–d in good yields, together with a small amount of OCO bond cleavage product, the 2-acylphenols 3a–d (Scheme 2, Table). The formation of the tricyclic lactones 2 probably follows a mechanism involving a 1,7-diradical through ζ-H abstraction (1,8-H transfer) by the excited carbonyl O-atom (Scheme 3). Irradiation of 2-acylphenyl tiglate (= 2-acylphenyl (2E)-2-methylbut-2-enoate) 1e and 2-acylphenyl methacrylates 1g–i, substituted by a MeO group (δ-H) at the 3,5-positions of the phenyl group, also gave the tricyclic lactones 2e and 2g–i, but in low yields. On the other hand, no H-abstraction products were observed on irridation of 2-(ethoxycarbonyl)phenyl methacrylate 1f, of 2-acylphenyl methacrylate 1j which is substituted by a Me group (γ-H) at the 3,5-positions of the phenyl group, and of 1k with an OH group at the 3-position of the phenyl group.


Swedish wood product industry contributes significantly to the economy of the country. This industry adds more value to the sawn timber produced in order to manufacture different wooden products. C ...


[1] The magnetospheric mapping of Jupiter's polar auroral emissions is highly uncertain because global Jovian field models are known to be inaccurate beyond ∼30 RJ. Furthermore, the boundary between open and closed flux in the ionosphere is not well defined because, unlike the Earth, the main auroral oval emissions at Jupiter are likely associated with the breakdown of plasma corotation and not the open/closed flux boundary in the polar cap. We have mapped contours of constant radial distance from the magnetic equator to the ionosphere in order to understand how auroral features relate to magnetospheric sources. Instead of following model field lines, we map equatorial regions to the ionosphere by requiring that the magnetic flux in some specified region at the equator equals the magnetic flux in the area to which it maps in the ionosphere. Equating the fluxes in this way allows us to link a given position in the magnetosphere to a position in the ionosphere. We find that the polar auroral active region maps to field lines beyond the dayside magnetopause that can be interpreted as Jupiter's polar cusp; the swirl region maps to lobe field lines on the night side and can be interpreted as Jupiter's polar cap; the dark region spans both open and closed field lines and must be explained by multiple processes. Additionally, we conclude that the flux through most of the area inside the main oval matches the magnetic flux contained in the magnetotail lobes and is probably open to the solar wind.


Received: 23/Jan/2020, Accepted: 07/Feb/2020, Online: 28/Feb/2020 Abstract— We applied the diffusion quantum Monte Carlo method to investigate the effect of a strong magnetic field on the few-electron atoms. Gaussian type orbital basis sets are used in the computations developed by using Post-HartreeFock methods. We calculated the ground state energy eigenvalues of the helium, lithium, beryllium, and boron atoms. The advantages of adding the electrons correlations to the wave function in the technique of diffusion Monte Carlo method enabled us to solve the Schrödinger equation for these atoms in the external magnetic field for different strengths. The method showed good agreements with the previous results.


Photon-stimulated desorption of excited-state alkali atoms from sodium and potassium halides has been investigated by using a strong quasi-monochromatic undulator-radiation from an electron storage-ring as a light source. The atomic emission (Na D-line) due to the transition from desorbed excited-state sodium atoms is stronger in NaF than in NaCl, and is too weak to be observed in NaBr and NaI, while the intensity of the atomic emission line from excited-state potassium atoms is larger in the order of KI, KBr and KCl. This result corresponds well with the recent models of the defect formation and the intrinsic luminescence, and is interpreted in terms of the lattice instability due to the electronic excitation in the surface layer.


Complete urinalysis consists of macroscopic physicochemical testing and sediment microscopy. We performed a complete urinalysis on 1,000 spontaneously voided urine specimens and compared macroscopic data to microscopic data. We contend that for screening purposes, a clear, yellow urine that is negative for blood, leukocyte esterase activity, nitrite, and contains 30 mg/dL or less protein does not require microscopic sediment examination. This kind of specimen represented 46% of all routine urine samples examined, and the false-negative rate for macroscopic physicochemical testing was 1.6%.


The invention relates to an apparatus for applying a liquid to the cut edges of sheet metal parts, wherein at least one stamping device is provided which has a die surface corresponding to the contour of a to be wetted workpiece edge, wherein the apparatus is designed so that the stamp edge or the stamp edge and workpiece are movable relative to one another such that the stamp edge wetted with the liquid can be brought to a workpiece edge and a method of coating cutting edges.


This note aims to clarify what conditions on a connected Lie group G imply that its maximal connected normal solvable subgroup R intersects each lattice of G as a lattice in R.


Taking concrete as a complex electriochemestry system has developed a new method to detect performance of concrete structure lately.Electricity theory has been summed up.Different measuring and testing techniques of concrete electrical resistivity are compared.From raw material,mix porportion parameter and environmental condition three aspects,key factors which affect the concrete electrical resistivity are introduced.Application of electrical resistivity to characterize concrete performance is put forward.A review of the existing problems and progress of the research on concrete electrical resistivity is given below.


The present invention relates to a method in which a user equipment transmits and receives a synchronization signal of the user equipment for device-to-device (D2D) communication in a wireless communication system. Specifically, the method comprises a step of monitoring the synchronization signal for the D2D communication (D2DSS), wherein the D2DSS is assigned at intervals of multiples of a raster unit from a center frequency.


Both the bipolar resistive switching (RS) behavior and the ferromagnetism (FM) of a Co-doped ZnO device were investigated in this study. The magnetic hysteresis curves of the device with RS behavior in the high-resistance state (HRS) and low-resistance state (LRS) were analyzed, both of which showed ferromagnetic behavior. Interestingly, the intensity of the saturation magnetization in the device in HRS and LRS were observed to be the smallest and largest, respectively. X-ray photoelectron spectra demonstrated the existence of oxygen vacancies in the device, the concentration of which in LRS was larger than that in HRS. Especially, depth-profiling X-ray photoelectron spectra showed that a change in the conductive filaments was consistent with the resistance states and FM. The results clearly demonstrate that the RS effect and FM could be attributable to film defects.


An organic-based preservative was formulated from cashew nut shell liquid (CNSL) because of its anti-termite and fungicidal properties. Various formulations such as cashew nut shell liquid + ethanol (CNSL + EtOH), cashew nut shell liquid + ethanol + boric acid (CNSL + EtOH + BA), and cashew nut shell liquid + ethanol + copper chloride (CNSL + EtOH + CuCl2) were developed from the refined cashew nut shell liquid. Laboratory evaluation showed that CNSL + EtOH + CuCl2 had the highest inhibition against the decay fungus, Gloeophyllum sepiarum, whereas CNSL + EtOH + BA and CNSL + EtOH provided moderate inhibitions. The three formulations, however, only showed slight to moderate inhibition against Polyporus sanguineus. The plate test against molds showed varied results. CNSL + EtOH showed no inhibition in both species of molds – Aspergillus niger and Penicillium sp. – whereas CNSL + EtOH + BA and CNSL + EtOH + CuCl2 showed slight inhibitions against both mold fungi. Results indicate that the three CNSL formulations showed toxicity against fungi, although it is less effective against molds but moderate to effective against decay fungi. The performances of CNSL formulations were tested in forest woody vines. The results of the treatment showed varied retention values. The concentration of CNSL significantly affected the retention. Likewise, the indoor exposure test showed variation in the efficacy of CNSL formulations. After a year of exposure, forest woody vines treated with CNSL + EtOH + CuCl2 proved to be the most effective against fungi.


Variability in the sky has been known for centuries, even millennia, but our knowledge of it is very incomplete even at the bright end. Current technology makes it possible to built small, robotic optical instruments, to record images and to process data in real time, and to archive them on-line, all at a low cost. In addition to obtaining complete catalogs of all kinds of variable objects, spectacular discoveries can be made, like the optical flash associated with GRB 990123 and a planetary transit in front of HD 209458. While prototypes of such robotic instruments have been in operation for several years, it is not possible to purchase a complete system at this time. I expect (hope) that complete systems will become available `off the shelf' in the near future, as monitoring bright sky for variability has a great scientific, educational and public outreach potential.


This paper presents the design, fabrication, and measurement of an X-band evanescent-mode reconfigurable RF-MEMS cavity-based resonator with a fast response (84–112 µs) and a high quality factor of 593–1,077 between 10.7–13 GHz. An array of MEMS fixed-fixed beams biased against their own substrate are used as the tuning mechanism. By designing the DC bias to be completely external to the cavity, the coupling between the DC bias-line and the RF signal is virtually eliminated. This is a key property in measuring a tunable resonator quality factor that exceeds 1,000 at 13 GHz. This paper also quantifies the quality factor reduction solely due to the MEMS tuning array spatial distribution. Specifically, compared to an ideal static 15.5 GHz evanescent-mode cavity resonator with a simulated Q = 1,750, the MEMS array diminishes the resonator quality factor by only 7.4% (simulated Q = 1,620; the measured Q value is 1,400). The measured switching times are 84 µs and 112 µs for the up-to-down and down-to-up operations, respectively. To the best of our knowledge, this is the fastest response for a tunable X-band cavity-resonator with this quality factor.


Ribonucleotide reductase (RNR) is a key enzyme for de novo dNTP biosynthesis. We have studied nucleotide-dependent oligomerization of the allosterically regulated mammalian RNR using a mass spectro ...


Background: Unsuccessful treatment of Helicobacter pylori (HP) infection is constantly rising. Antibiotic susceptibility testing and selection of individualized therapy are expected to improve eradication of HP. Aim: To assess the diagnostic accuracy of microbiology testing for HP and to assess the effectiveness of cultureguided susceptibility tested antibiotic therapy. Materials and methods: A total of 62 HP infected patients, 35 with unsuccessful eradication and 27 treatment naive were subjected to culture testing and 3 endoscopy-based methods. In isolated HP colonies strain susceptibility and resistance were determined by disc-diffusion method. A triple therapy in the naive group and quadruple in the unsuccessfully treated group was applied. The effectiveness of eradication was evaluated after 2 months by stool antigen test and/ or urea breath test. Fisher's exact test for comparison of therapeutic efficacy was used. Results: HP colonies were isolated in 13 patients 9 naive and 4 unsuccessfully treated. Higher sensibility (100%) was shown towards UBT and high specificity between 95% - 100% compared to other methods. Its accuracy was 91.9%. In all patients with proven resistance culture-guided eradication was successful. Conclusions: Microbiology and antibiotic susceptibility testing allows optimal diagnosis and therapy of HP infection.


Introduction Acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) is a major event through the life of all chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients. This study was designed to assess the prevalence of pulmonary aspergillosis among COPD patients presented with acute exacerbation. Patients and methods A cross-sectional study was withheld and recruited 20 patients diagnosed with AECOPD who were admitted in the respiratory care unit (RCU). Sociodemographic data were recorded. All patients had undergone chest radiography together with serum galactomannan (GM) assay in order to detect pulmonary aspergillosis. Results Twenty patients diagnosed with AECOPD were admitted to the RCU, among which 30% of them died along their course of RCU stay. Of these patients, one-third was found to have pulmonary aspergillosis using serum GM. Serum GM showed no difference among patients who died compared with survived subjects; however, it was significantly higher among patients diagnosed with pulmonary aspergillosis. Using steroids in the past 3 months was not a risk factor for positive aspergillosis, whereas patients with the increased number of exacerbations showed an increased risk for aspergillosis. Conclusion Pulmonary aspergillosis is considered as one of the risk factors of AECOPD being detected among 20% of all studied patients. Frequent exacerbations are associated with pulmonary aspergillosis among COPD patients. Serum GM antigen is used as a marker of positive aspergillosis; however, it did not differ much among the patients who died; therefore, it could not be used as a marker of mortality among AECOPD patients.


ABSRTACT According to the home-school cooperation and interaction, home-school cooperation plays an important role in the psychological precision support in colleges and universities. This paper will combine the importance of home-school cooperation to study the strategies of home-school cooperation to provide reference for improving the efficiency of psychological education and improving the psychological quality of college students.


While land disposal of hazardous wastes is being used widely as a practical and economically attractive disposal method, significant damage to the economy, environment, and public health have resulted from inadequate land disposal procedures. The air pollution aspects related to hazardous waste landfills are discussed. Topics addressed include landfill gas generation, problem identification, and control techniques. Three basic ways to control toxic gaseous emissions from landfills are to prevent gas generation, to pretreat the waste or install a gas collection and control system, and to add more cover materials to existing landfills. (5 diagrams, 6 references)


Identification of volatile flavour compounds of hoki (Macruronus novaezelandiae) and orange roughy (Hoplostethus atlanticus) oils has been carried out.  Flavour compounds were extracted by a purging system and collected using a porous polymer Tenax TA trap.  The gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was used to identify the volatile flavour compounds.  The predominant compounds contributing to the volatile flavour of hoki oil were methyl ethyl benzoate, ethyl benzoate and 1,1-dimethylethyl-2-propionic acid.  Meanwhile, the main volatile flavour components of orange roughy oil were toluene, cyclohexane, 1,1-dimethylethyl-2-methyl propionic acid and tetrachloroethane.


1 Study carried out by a working group composed of representatives from STIF (Paris), YTV (Helsinki), ATM (Barcelona), CTB (Bilbao), TfL (London), MESP (Vilnius), CTM (Madrid), CENTRO (Birmingham), SL (Stockholm), ATM (Montreal), RMV (Francfort) and EMTA Secretariat. The study final report was published in June 2008. www.emta.com EMTA ELECTRONIC TICKETING OF PUBLIC TRANSPORT IN THE EUROPEAN METROPOLITAN AREAS


Supercritical methanol depolymerization and hydrodeoxygenation (SCM-DHDO) is a process to produce fuel from biomass with supercritical methanol and CuMgAlOx catalyst. Previous research has shown that SCM-DHDO can convert cellulose, lignin and whole biomass feedstock in a single reaction step. In this paper, we show that SCM-DHDO can convert pyrolytic lignin derived from pyrolysis oil at approximately 50% carbon yield to an upgraded oil product. The upgraded oil mainly contains lignin monomers and dimers while an additional 50% of the carbon was converted into undesired products including methanol, insoluble pyrolytic lignin and coke. We demonstrated that after a 4 h SCM-DHDO reaction the pyrolytic lignin molecular weight did not significantly change, but the ketones, acids and aldehydes in the pyrolytic lignin were completely converted. Increasing the reaction time of SCM-DHDO reaction from 2 to 10 h increased the lignin monomer and dimer yield. The reduced CuAlMgOx catalyst hydrogenated 57.4% of the aromatic carbons to aliphatic carbons and removed 64% of the oxygen. However, the product oil could still not be distilled because of the thermal instability of the upgraded pyrolytic lignin.


Cochlear implantation (CI) is a well-known efficient intervention for patients with severe-to-profound hearing loss, as it can lead to substantial improvement in auditory performance, speech perception and quality of life. Although long auditory deprivation is traditionally thought to affect negatively auditory performances with a CI, especially in elderly patients, in the last years an increasing number of studies has demonstrated the advantages of the CI even in this particular situation. We report a case of an 80-year-old male patient implanted after 60 years of complete auditory deprivation. A retrospective chart review was conducted. Speech tests scores, collected during the 5 years following cochlear implantation, were analysed. The test results show a significant improvement in speech perception skills over 60 months of cochlear implant use, reinforced and supported by an intensive speech therapy program. Strictly selected patients with post-lingual deafness could benefit from cochlear implantation, independently from their age, even after a long-term auditory deprivation.


This contribution is one of the lead articles to the forthcoming Handbook of Political, Social, and Economic Transformation. It discusses the main contributions from the New Institutional Economics to transformation research but also identifies a number of research gaps.


For applying two-dimensional communication (2DC) technology to the entire floor of a room, the concept of 2DC tile have been proposed. In terms of fabrication, delivery, and implementation, the floor should be covered with multiple pieces of 2DC sheets as small as typical carpet tiles. In this paper, we propose a contactless coupler for signal transmission between adjacent 2DC tiles without any electrical contacts. The simulation and measurement results show that the proposed coupler is sufficiently tolerant of positioning error between a pair of couplers.


Certain commercial entities, equipment, or materials may be identified in this document in order to describe an experimental procedure or concept adequately. Such identification is not intended to imply recommendation or endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology, nor is it intended to imply that the entities, materials, or equipment are necessarily the best available for the purpose. The policy of the National Institute of Standards and Technology is to use the International System of Units (metric units) in all of its publications. However, in North America in the heating, ventilation and airconditioning industry, certain non-SI units are so widely used instead of SI units that it is more practical and less confusing to include some measurement values in customary units only. Software Disclaimer This software was developed at the National Institute of Standards and Technology by employees of the Federal Government in the course of their official duties. Pursuant to title 17 Section 105 of the United States Code this software is not subject to copyright protection and is in the public domain. These programs are experimental systems. NIST assumes no responsibility whatsoever for their use by other parties, and makes no guarantees, expressed or implied, about its quality, reliability, or any other characteristic. We would appreciate acknowledgement if the software is used. This software can be redistributed and/or modified freely provided that any derivative works bear some notice that they are derived from it, and any modified versions bear some notice that they have been modified.


With the emphasis on lightweighting, composites are being turned to help reduce weight while still maintaining strength and stiffness. However, composites tend to be linear elastic to failure so there is often no warning of failure unlike in metallic components. For this research, a pipe section was fabricated from an Inconel 718 liner with a carbon composite overwrap. The pipe was then subjected to increasing internal pressure until failure. The results from this experiment were used to assist in the creation and validation of a finite element model of the experiment. The model makes use of advanced numerical techniques to predict when failure will occur. This paper will present the fabrication, testing and modeling of this effort.


The question was examined, whether the kinetics of atropine action fit the hypothesis that diffusion of the drug to the site of action was the rate-limiting process. The theory of diffusion kinetics in an isolated bit of tissue maintained in a tissue bath was worked out on the basis of a multicompartment model, and it was shown that if the tissue. equilibrated with some applied drug concentration, is abruptly exposed to a new, constant drug concentration, then as the concentration x i in the i th compartment changes from its initial value x i 0 to its final steady-state value x i ∞, the function ( x i — x i 0 ∞)/( x i 0 — x i ∞) decreases from 1 to 0, following a time course which is independent of the initial and final applied drug concentrations. Similar behavior may in certain cases be predicted for observed drug effects; and in the case of atropine and the atrial pacemaker, it can be shown theoretically that, for the dose ratio ρ, the function (ρ — ρ∞)/(ρo — ρ∞) should fall from 1 to 0 following always the same time course. Curves of this function, plotted against time for the onset of action of different atropine concentrations, were not superimposable, however. Therefore, it was concluded that either atropine kinetics are not limited by simple diffusion, or there is a quantitatively non-negligible amount of drug taken up by the receptors, the uptake introducing non-linearity into the system.


The article is devoted to the problems of the age of criminal responsibility. Despite the fact that the rule establishing the age of criminal responsibility is valid for a long time, on this topic written numerous scientific papers in the science of criminal law, there are multiple discussions about the age of the subject. The article highlighted the shortcomings of this rule and proposed changes in the regulation. Different point of view of the authors are considered and analyzed, measures to improve the effectiveness of this rule are proposed. In addition, it is proposed to amend the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation.


Given measured data we propose a model consisting of a linear, time-invariant system aaected by perturbation. The kernel representations of the systems belonging to the resulting uncertain family form a convex set. Motivated by this representation, a robust control method is explored. It is based on results regarding the robust strict-positive realness property of a class of rational functions. This method allows the computation of a controller which maximizes the stability margin. Various lower and/or upper bounds of the optimal stability margin are obtained in terms of diierent measures of the uncertainty. These bounds describe the relation between the robust performance and the size of the uncertain family. The validation problem ensuing from this framework is also investigated.


Abstract In this article, 3,3′‐bis(N‐ferrocenylmethylene formylhydrazone)‐2,2′‐bipyridyl and its Cd(II), Hg(II), Cu(II), and Mn(II) complexes have been synthesized and characterized by elemental analyses, IR, 1H NMR spectral, thermal analyses, and molar conductances. In the complexes, 3,3′‐bis(N‐ferrocenylmethylene formylhydrazone)‐2,2′‐bipyridyl coordinates to the transition metal ions using a methylenimine nitrogen, the amide oxygen in the enolic form, the pyridyl nitrogen, the acetate in a symmetrical bidentate manner, and one water molecule, all of which participate in coordination to form a binuclear complex. The ligand and the complexes are insoluble in common organic solvents and slightly soluble in strongly polar solvents such as DMF and DMSO.


Downlink scheduling in the LTE system is an open problem for which several heuristic solutions exist. Recently, there has been an increase in interest in applying machine learning to networking problems, including downlink scheduling. Improvements in Physical Layer capabilities have generated new resource-intensive use cases and continuously modifying existing heuristic solutions could result in the development of systems too complex to maintain over time. We propose a LSTM/Pointer Network-based downlink scheduler which aims to improve upon the current models which utilize feed forward neural networks. Our scheduler flexibly handles changing numbers of UEs via the use of a recurrent neural network. We formulate the downlink scheduling problem as a Markov Decision Process that integrates the channel quality indicator and the buffer size of each UE as the observation and solve it using a Deep Reinforcement Learning algorithm. Our experiments demonstrate that our approach results in a scheduler which generalised across changing number of UEs and resource blocks and performed within the range of traditional schedulers.


Large juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibromas are a therapeutic challenge because of their relation to major vasculature and cranial nerves at the base of the skull, and their propensity for recurrence. A classification scheme based on the growth pattern of this tumor is proposed to help the surgeon choose a procedure to access this lesion.


The term Schollenleukozyt (globule leucocyte) was first used by Weill (1920) to describe granular intra-epithelial cells similar to those observed by Heidenhain (1888). The cells have been found in a number of epithelia, with granules which display specific staining reactions (Kirkman, 1950). The ultrastructure of the globule leucocyte has been studied in the fowl by Toner (1965), who described homogeneous granules, some of which contained vacuoles and in the rat by Whur & Johnston (1967), who reported both homogeneous and crystalloid inclusions in the globules. The nature of the cell has been under discussion for some time. It has been suggested that it is related to the plasma cell, the mast cell, the eosinophil or the macrophage. Kirkman (1950) concluded that bladder-worm infestation gives rise to a large number of globule leucocytes in the urinary tract and Whur (1966) reported that the occurrence of globule leucocytes in sheep intestine is related to the presence of parasites. The present study is concerned with the fine structure of a characteristic crystalline inclusion in the granules of the globule leucocyte found in the large and small intestine of the mouse.


Ana. Mia. Manorexia. Thinspiration - all words associate with the growing social culture of Eating Disorders among adolescents and young adults worldwide. Eating disorders have become a way of life, a sub-culture, kept aflame on websites dedicated to a destructive new movement called 'Pro-Ana.' In this article we will take a look at the growing trends of Pro-Ana and Pro-Mia (slang terms for "pro-Anorexia/Bulimia") among young people, and how this culture is re-enforcing Eating Disorders, and destructive behaviours, within the teen communities. Although the word "teen" is used in this article, the term also encompasses young adults below thirty-years-old.


The utilization of anticoincidence apparatus for the measurement of low helial phagocyt activities necessitates the development of G-M tubes with a very great sensitivity for a small volums to be used as guard tubes. The design and construction of such a tube with semispherical cathode and filled with a mixture of neon and argon containing bromine are described. The complete radiation detection instrument with its load shielding, detector tubes, and guard tubes is then discussed. (J.S.R.)


From my point of view, the manuscript is well written and the study is well prepared and with many of the limitations of the model considered. However, there are two general aspects that I would like to comment on. (i) Regarding the content, I have missed several details about the physical settings of Peterman and Ryder glaciers (see specific comments below), as well as the entire description of 79N Glacier system. In order to understand the transition range to which each system is subject, it would also be convenient to report approximately how deep the SPW, the front of the ice tongue, the sill and the AW reach in each system. In the limitations of the model, I believe that the implications of not including subglacial discharge in the melting flow should be further developed. It would also be convenient to take into account that melt buoyant plumes can reach neutral buoyancy at different depths. If either of these depths is close to hL, it could encourage a transition to the hydraulically-controlled regime. Even, if the plume NBD is reached deeper than the sill, the plume flux would be totally trapped in the ice cavity; there would be no exchange flux to the oceanward side of the sill (entrainment ratio of 1) and the waters from the ice cavity would turn colder and fresher without input of the AW. Suggested response: We will give more information on the three glacial system at appropriate sections in the paper. We agree with the reviewer that the validity and consequences of neglecting subglacial discharge in the conservation relations (section 2.1) deserves a discussion. Reviewer 1 raises a similar point, and in response we propose to add a new appendix that discusses how subglacial discharge that is higher than basal melt affects the model results qualitatively; see below and also the response to Reviewer 1. The reviewer's point that that melt buoyant plumes can reach neutral buoyancy at different depths is relevant, but we deem that our model needs to be further developed to examine this interesting issue. Thus, we leave this point for future studies. (ii) Regarding the organization of the content, I would consider it appropriate to make some adjustments to facilitate the understanding of the study, although I also understand that each person must have their own style and I propose my comment as a suggestion. I think the most appropriate structure would be:


We evaluate the performance of gait recognition algorithm using metric learning based on log-likelihood ratio of joint intensity histogram (MLLr) method which is robust to carrying status change. For training-based method, it is preferable to prepare training data that are collected in a similar situation to target situation. However, in real situation, multiple situations with different carrying status can be considered, and hence gait recognition algorithm that can be applied to cases with unknown carrying status is expected. In this study, we created training data set and evaluation data sets with some setting about status of carrying baggage by using walking sequence data of 2,070 subjects. And we evaluated the performance of MLLr by applying MLLr method of each training to each evaluation data.


The world trend in ship automation is to integrate the monitoring, intelligent control and management of the instruments, equipments and systems in both bridge and engine room. The paper presents a design scheme of the ship integrated monitoring and control system based on two layer computer networks. The lower layer network is a field network connected mainly by CAN bus, the upper is the PC network in TCP/IP protocol. The PC network consists of the database server, minitoring and control computers, industrial computers and switch. The design scheme is completed based on the experience of some relevant project about system design, development of software and hardware and its applications for three years. The paper specifically describes the composition, software distribution and redundancy technology of the upper network and gives some important sample code for the implement of the redundancy design. The technologies used here have been proved in the many applictions and can be applied to other industrial field.


It is important to deal with the relationship between protecting eco-environment and getting rich for farmers. The paper analyzes the auto-evolving rule of eco-environment, such as auto-organizing, endurance, and uncertainty. Sustainable agriculture is the path to improve eco-environment and it is also a "win-win" policy for sustainable development. Finally, it puts forward strategies for sustainable agriculture.


In this article I would like to present results of survival analysis of pacients after colorectum surgery. I am working with the data, which were provided by the University Hospital Ostrava. These data are censored namely the time until after-surgery complications. For purpose of this analysis I use Cox's proportional hazard model. This model is representing risk of aftersurgery complications depending on different variables. The objective is to confirm or reject, that type of operation (laparoscopic or open) has an impact on the risk of after-surgery complications. In case that type of operation is statistically significant variable, I want to evaluate which kind of these types are less risky for pacients.


The paper presents the results of studies of forest biogeocenoses on the Belyagush ridge. The analysis of materials was carried out in order to establish the boundaries of the high-altitude distribution of forest formations on the slopes of the Belyagush ridge, to determine the mesoclimatic parameters of ecotopes occupied by the formations, to clarify the presence and extent of temperature inversions. Forest test plots, the absolute heights of which were established, were used as markers of the height boundaries of the formations. Based on these data, the high-altitude strip of deciduous forests, marked with 7 test plots, occupies an altitude interval from 436 to 512 m above sea level, a strip of subnemoral broad-leaved-dark coniferous forests, marked with 10 test plots, occupies an altitude interval from 520 to 650 m on the western slope and an interval of 596–630 m above sea level on the eastern slope. The belt of ridge dark coniferous forests is marked with 1 trial plot located at an altitude of 830 m above sea level. The analyzed data of 4-year microclimatic observations indicate significant differences in the thermal regimes of ecotopes occupied by associations of deciduous and dark coniferous forests, comparable to latitudinal gradients. A comparative analysis of January amplitudes of the minimum daily temperatures on 3 sample plots located on an altitude profile extending from the Revet River valley through the middle part of the eastern slope to the top of the Belyagush ridge revealed frequent temperature inversions in winter. Over the observation period in January, inversions at the altitude segment of 470–605 m were observed from 14 to 24 days, on the segment 605–830 m – from 7 to 14 days, while the maximum positive vertical temperature gradients in these segments reached from +8,5°C/100 m to +8,9°C/100 m and from +1,3°C/100 m to +2,7°C/100 m.


depending on the material studied and the experimental conditions chosen). Till now the upper limit of the carbonization process cannot be defined either, because the gases produced (H2, CH4) do not leave the samples at a definite temperature 1,2) and because no abrupt change may be recognized in the properties. The pure carbon occurring at the end of carbonization, when heat-treated, may be able or not to graphitize progres sively (soft or hard carbon). In nature we can find series of carbonaceous materials


The Philadelphia Section is preparing under the direction of Chairman-elect Ross B. Mateer for a very active year. New activities are to be inaugurated such as presentation of latest developments in the industry at stated meetings, — selling the aims and activities of the Institute to students, — coordination of relations with other Sections. The finance committee has prepared a definite budget for the year. The following is a list of committees appointed with their chairmen: Finance, J. L. Mac-Burney; Meetings and Papers, R. B. Mateer, ex-officio; Membership, P. E. Tillson; Publicity, E. C. Drew; Attendance, L. H. Rittenhouse; Technical, H. S. Phelps; Student Branch Activities, C. D. Fawcett; Sections Coordination, L. J. Costa.


This study examined the impact of emotional context on effectiveness of TV commercials (TVCs). In two experiments, participants were exposed to either emotionally positive or emotionally negative stimuli before watching a TVC. The effectiveness of the TVC was measured by 4 indicators: Ad recall, attitude toward the ad (Aad), attitude toward the brand (Ab), and purchase intent (PI). Results of Experiment 1 revealed that participants who were pre-exposed to a positive emotional context had a more positive Aad, Ab and a higher PI, when compared to those who were pre-exposed to a negative emotional context. Experiment 2 demonstrated that pre-exposure to the positive emotional context was associated with more positive Ab and a higher PI, while preexposure to the negative emotional context led to more negative Aad. In both experiments there was no indication of the influence of the emotional context on Ad recall. However, data from Experiment 2 suggested that both positive and negative emotional contexts positively affected ad recognition, when compared to an emotionally neutral situation. In conclusion, our findings advocate the importance of emotional context in which TVCs are broadcasted to the general public, a fact that has been vastly neglected so far by media planners.


The lack of Attraction in Secondary Vocational Education is not caused by either the quality of diploma or the employment as workers.The fundermental reason of the lack of Attraction in Secondary Vocational Education is that students' dreams,opportunities and hope are not realized by personal factors.So the optimal measure of solving the attraction in secondary vocational education is to establish the povincial vocational education systems of " one leading with three loosings".


We describe three systems that use natural or event-based sounds as means of data delivery. In these systems we have mapped data to natural sounds using metaphors. In the first system we evaluate the use of sounds of air, horn, and train to convey ordered numeric values between 1 to 6. An example of the metaphor used here is the association of speed values to the sound of a moving train at different speeds. In the second system, we use sounds of ocean waves to convey whether the exposure in a protein structural alignment is buried, partially exposed or fully exposed. The metaphor used here is the association of sound with how exposed the user is with respect to the ocean. In the third system, we map animal sounds such as the sound of a roaring lion or a chirping bird to certain stocks based on user preferences. The behavior of the stocks are then sounded by the use of whistles and car crash to signify the movement in process of the stocks. An up whistling sound can be clearly associated with an uptrend. We present and discuss the results of user evaluation studies for all the three systems.


Atypical antipsychotics have become the gold standard and the first treatment option for mental illness in recent years. However, despite all the benefits provided by these drugs, a growing collection of case reports and clinical trials describing metabolic complications and body weight gain have been reported. Among atypical antipsychotic drugs, olanzapine and clozapine appear to have the highest tendency to disturb glucose metabolism compared with the other antipsychotic drugs available on the market.


In this paper,theoretical analysis of the principle of selecting oil drops is given by the cures of the fall time versus stationary voltage.The relation of the charge of oil drops and the circumstances is discussed in the end.


Abstract As a result of population growth in large cities, increase in consumption, and, consequently, in production, the bodies responsible for planning, evaluation, and execution of public policies need to implement strategies aimed at environmental preservation and the construction of sustainable cities. The objective of this study is to analyze sustainability actions in the city of Teresina, Piauí. To this end, descriptive-exploratory research was conducted using the Case Study method and qualitative approach. The last Pluriannual Plan prepared for the period from 2014 to 2017 and its reports on the execution of activities in the period were used. The results found allowed the categorization of the actions from a sustainable perspective, also covering the social, economic, and environmental dimensions. The study concluded that there was a prevalence in the actions of the economic sphere, both in the quantity of actions carried out and in resources employed. Therefore, there is a need for greater investments in the environmental and social areas, in order to promote a well-balanced sustainable development.


We present a framework for word alignment based on log-linear models. All knowledge sources are treated as feature functions, which depend on the source language sentence, the target language sentence and possible additional variables. Log-linear models allow statistical alignment models to be easily extended by incorporating syntactic information. In this paper, we use IBM Model 3 alignment probabilities, POS correspondence, and bilingual dictionary coverage as features. Our experiments show that log-linear models significantly outperform IBM translation models.


The new partnership that must be established between heritage and tourism depends in large measure on enlightened mediators who can reconcile a host of divergent viewpoints and approaches. And, according to Milagro Gomez de Blavia, who better to play this role than the museum professional, who is both heritage custodian and communicator? The author, a Venezuelan solicitor, is founder and director of the Museum of Barquisimeto since 1982. A former president of ICOM-Venezuela, she is a specialist in tourism and administrative law, and acts as adviser and lecturer on international courses in museum management and harmonious relations between tourism and heritage. She is also president of a city-funded public company in Barquisimeto, Estado Lara, Venezuela, one of whose main programmes involves recognizing the worth of the architectural heritage.


More than 2.5 million children are presently infected with HIV, and it is a fair statement that mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) is the predominant mode [1,2]. It represents a significant issue to say the least; these 2.5 million are the most vulnerable, and their health status affects not only them but also their families and society. In addition, the fact that high rates of perinatal transmission occur in developing settings (disproportionately in subSaharan Africa) amid the presence of HAARTavailable in developed settings, makes it not only a development imperative but an ethical and human rights one.


Islam is a pure religion. Its truth is evident. Whoever is guided by Allah to be a Muslim, he will be a Muslim and whose heart is blinded from accepting Islam as his creed, he will be a nonMuslim. As a matter of fact, the right to choose a religion or a creed is given in Islam. This is based on a general ruling in al-Quran which is "There is no compulsion in choosing a religion". However, this concept should not be seen as contrary to dakwah which must be performed by every Muslim by using wisdom, not compulsion. Islam also has laid down the guidelines and principles concerning the relationship between Muslims and non-Muslims. It is known that Islamic law was the primary law in the States of Malaya. One of the examples is the Malacca law which was applied in Malacca and had influenced other states under Malacca conquest as well. This article will analyze the subject of conversion of religion in Islamic law and in Malaysian law.


For development of wireless systems for vegetation regions, the detailed knowledge of the involved propagation mechanisms is essential. The physical and geometric parameters of the vegetation are random. Calculating the mean signal amplitude decay, both absorbing and multiple scattering effects must be taken into account. Statistical parameters of rough terrain and vegetation are important but they are not always available. In our investigations, we use a deterministic model for calculation of the losses of point-to-point paths in order to estimate the influence of some of the medium forest parameters on transmission losses. Palavras-chaves  FDTD, random media. I. ASPECTS OF THE WAVE PROPAGATION IN FOREST From the point of view of electromagnetic wave propagation in forest, the Amazon region has some specific features. First of all, it is high humidity. The vegetation and terrain possess dynamic morphology that change in particular, in accordance with periodic annual climatic variations, modifying some physical properties. For calculation of electromagnetic waves that propagate in this environment, the vegetation itself should be characterized by some parameters [1], such which, (1) type of vegetation: average height, shape and distribution of the elements (trunks, branches and leaves); (2) space density (number of trees per unit of area) (3) vegetation water content: volume of water deposited in the surface of the elements and the interior of the trunks and branches. Another parameter important to consider is the variation of the electric characteristics of the soil with the moisture and salinity [2] The losses associated with the electromagnetic scattering and absorption in the trunks and branches can be separately calculated considering each element as cylindrical scatterer (absorber) with circular cross-sections of different diameters. The distribution functions of the diameters of the elements in the analysis can be taken into account [3]-[6]. The foliage can be considered as a uniform media with losses [7]-[8]. For the frequency range where the scatterers are small compared with the wavelength, the scattering can be estimated using effective parameters of the media. The dielectric constant can be obtained by theoretical models or by semi-empirical formulas. However, such formulas in many cases possess little versatility, being appropriate for the specific cases (type of vegetation, climatic conditions and range of frequency) for which they have been implemented. The variation of the complex electric permittivity of the vegetation with parameters as frequency, moisture and salinity can be calculated using dielectric mixture models [9][10]. An example is the approach for dielectric constant proposed by Peake [11]: w v v w v m m m ε ε ε ≈ − + = 5 . 2 ) 1 ( (1) where w w w jε ε ε ′ ′ + ′ = is the relative complex dielectric constant of water. The dielectric constant of saline water is calculated by the Debye relaxation formulas [9]:


Optical pump-probe techniques based on thermoreflectance, such as time domain thermoreflectance and frequency domain thermoreflectance (FDTR), have been widely used to characterize the thermal conductivity of thin films and the thermal conductance across interfaces. These techniques typically use a transducer layer to absorb the pump light and improve the thermoreflectance signal. The transducer, however, complicates the interpretation of the measured signal because the approximation that all the energy from the pump beam is deposited at the transducer surface is not always accurate. In this paper, we consider the effect of laser absorption in the top layer of a multilayer sample, and derive an analytical solution for the thermoreflectance signal in the diffusion regime based on volumetric heating. We analyze the measurement sensitivity to the pump absorption depth for transducers with different thermal conductivities, and investigate the additional effect of probe laser penetration depth on the measured ...


An initial-value problem modelling fragmentation processes, where particles split into two or more pieces, is studied using the theory of linear semigroups. The existence and uniqueness of nonnegative, mass-conserving solutions are established.


Anisotropic and selective etching of silicon has been obtained using a planar-reactive sputter-etching system and CCl3F gas. The Si to SiO2etch-rate ratio was 5 : 1. This etch process in CCl3F was interpreted as mainly involving physical reaction as opposed to etching in SF6. The influence of reactive sputter etching on junction leakage and threshold voltage shift, in comparison with a conventional wetetch process, could not be observed in the electrical characteristics of polysilicon gate MOS devices. An all dry-etched MOS process, consisting of an anisotropic etching for Si3N4, polysilicon, SiO2, and aluminum, was applied to the fabrication of a 1-kbit static RAM with 1-µm minimum geometry. It was confirmed that this anisotropic etching technology was useful for very fine-geometry patterning and could be applied to a 1-µm MOSLSI manufacturing process.


The aim of the present study was to examine ultrastructural alterations of rat brown adipocytes and their mitochondria after shortterm corticosterone treatment. Animals were subcutaneously treated with three daily doses of corticosterone, 5 mg/kg each, dissolved in a small amount of ethanol and diluted with saline. Control animals received vehicle injection only (ethanol-saline). The results showed that short-term corticosterone treatment exerted a strong inhibitory effect on BAT thermogenic function, demonstrated by increased body mass gain. It also conspicuously affected the ultrastructural organization of brown adipocytes. Stereological analysis showed significant cell enlargement owing to lipid accumulation, together with decreased volume density of the nucleus and mitochondria. The mitochondrial machinery was not able to utilize imported free fatty acids complitely, which was demonstrated by sporadic occurrence of small lipid droplets in the mitochondrial matrix. Morphological signs of mitochondrial fusion, considered as indications of reduced function, were also noticed. In our opinion, besides its effect on brown adipocytes via glucocorticoid receptors, corticosterone also acts directly on the genome of their mitochondria.


The title for this luncheon address was thought up rather hastily during a telephone conversation between our Executive Director (Joe Yaver) and myself. Joe made it quite clear to me that as Executive Vice-President of the Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers it was my unavoidable duty to be here today and present this luncheon address. I am honored to be fulfilling that duty. The title is in many ways superfluous, but it allows me to make a number of remarks that relate to the general subject matter of this program - "Application of Optical Instrumentation in Medicine".


PROCESS FOR THE PREPARATION OF A snack product, which has characteristics of color and taste FRYING FRENCH, NOT UNIFORM DESIRED FORMS AND CRISP TEXTURE / CRISP. The procedure involves applying water-based liquid, A FLOUR AND OIL TO COLLARES farinaceous EXTRUIDOS, SIZE aperitif, with a moisture content between 5 and 15% by weight. The aqueous liquid, FLOUR AND OIL MAY APPLY TO COLLARES INDIVIDUALLY OR JOINTLY IMPLEMENTED AS A SUSPENSION. LINED COLLARS THE REDUCTION OF MOISTURE cooked to about 2% by weight or less, to have a stable storage. This procedure is applied to prepare products extruded snacks, CHARACTER frizz.


The traditional dot-product-based skyline symmetric solver is re-designed for implementation on parallel/vector supercomputers. A set of pivotal equations are reduced with the ijk/jki combined permutation. Resulting coefficients are buffered in parallel, then piped into an unrolled parallel/vector kji factorization scheme. The high performance of the resulting algorithm is demonstrated on the CRAY-2 (4 processors) and CRAY Y-MP (8 processors) with the solution of large-scale positive definite and semi-definite systems arising from the thermomechanical analysis of flexible aerospace structures. On an 8-processor system, speed-ups as high as 20 are achieved over the serial compiler-vectorized dot-product-based implementation. The proposed algorithm is also shown to compare favorably with recent alternative parallel/vector implementations of the skyline symmetric solver. However, not unlike most elimination methods, it leads to a low degree of parallelism and is suitable only for coarse grain multiprocessors.


Nine polymorphic microsatellite markers were isolated from Tecia solanivora, one of the most serious pests of potato tubers in Central and South America. As found in other studies of Lepidoptera, development of microsatellites is a difficult task: in our case, despite the large number of clones sequenced (796), of which 70 were unique, only nine loci were found to be both variable, and in Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium, No null alleles were detected. The loci were tested in three other co‐occurring Gelechiidae species, one of which was variable. These loci will be used to provide a greater understanding of the genetic changes occurring during the invasive process in this species.


Inspired by the lack of research on the practices of knowledge managers in the literature and the existing dominance of the building mode in strategy-as-practice research, this thesis has two attempts. One is to examine how the knowledge managers, as strategizing practitioners, do their job via intentional doing and practical coping in their particular context. Another is to understand how knowledge managers, as strategizing practitioners, live in their position. To develop an investigation framework, this thesis relies on the pragmatic theory of John Dewey, especially his perspective on the transactional relationship between man and the environment. The empirical investigation is carried out based on the six inter-related procedures put forward by van Manen (1990), which are in line with the spirit of hermeneutic phenomenology. Seven knowledge managers of a multinational, who work in different countries, including France, Austria, China, and Canada, were interviewed during two sessions of two hours. The interviews are semi-structured. The interpretation process relies on the model proposed by Benner (1994), which performs cross-case thematic analysis to show the common threads between the stories of the knowledge managers, and studies the paradigm cases using withincase analysis to understand the individuality of each story. Exemplars are used to convey the different aspects of the themes and paradigm cases presented. Validity is enhanced by internal verification and testing of interpretive description, craftsmanship quality (Kvale, 1996), and a validation of findings by the participant. An "audit trail" (Koch, 1994) is kept to help the reader follow the rationale of the researcher's interpretations. The analysis reveals that the main particularity of knowledge management is that it is a new function. The knowledge managers have to build a place for the knowledge management function through a strategizing process to gain acceptance. The knowledge managers can be compared with the rafters on an angry river, with the river indicating the organizational context, and the rafting representing the strategizing process. The knowledge managers, as the rafters, are carried on as well as endangered by the current. They fight to protect their inflatable boat from sinking by trying to avoid the obstacles and taking advantage of what is useful for them on the river. From the cross-case thematic analysis, the strategizing actions, undertaken by the knowledge managers, are grouped into three categories: intentional, emergent, and constraint-responding. They are labelled marketing, island-finding, and force-building, respectively. From the paradigm-case analysis, the knowledge managers are divided into three groups based on their capability to survive the turbulent organizational context and build a territory for the knowledge management function. Among the seven knowledge manager, one has decided to give up the position, four are still struggling with the obstacles and the powerful current to obtain a place within the organizational life, and two have achieved certain success. They are named the defeated, the struggling, and the contented, respectively.


Temperature and pressure dependent broadband dielectric measurements were performed on the protic ionic liquid C8HIM NTf2 over a frequency range from 0.1 Hz to 1 MHz. The temperature dependence of the inverse dc-conductivity exhibits the super-Arrhenius like behavior typical for glass forming materials. However, in the pressure dependence both slower and faster than exponential developments occur, resulting in an inflection in the corresponding curves. The experimental data was successfully fitted with a model incorporating both features. While similar transitions have been observed in the pressure dependent viscosity or structural relaxation times, this is the first time such a behavior is reported in the conductivity.


Michaelis does not appear to me to be altogether right when he describes the Caryatid Porch at the south-west corner of The Erechtheum (B on the plan), as serving solely to cover the stair leading down from it to the western division of the temple (C). Further, I think he is wrong when he makes an entrance to the temple through the opening (A) in this porch. The mouldings at the sides show clearly that this opening was an original part of the construction; but they do not show that it was an entrance. For in the first place the step up to it from the outside—if it is a step—measures twenty inches; and in the second place, the delicate mouldings which run round the base ofthe building and are continued under this opening would be worn by almost every step that was taken up to it or down from it, as in fact they are now being worn by visitors who, with an effort, get up to the opening. Had there been an entrance at this point, these mouldings would have been discontinued, and a step placed to render the ascent fairly comfortable. Michaelis must then be wrong in making Pausanias first enter the temple at this opening. Perhaps it was here that the famous dog mentioned by Philochorus entered and descended into the Pandroseum!


Abstract : In the wake of the defense drawdown and end of the Cold War, government laboratories are facing a changing mission. It is not only to maintain technology superiority, but also to promote commercialization of their technologies. Although Congress has tried to facilitate technology transfer from the government to the private sector, the transfer process has been inconsistent. The need for assistance has initiated the use of third parties or intermediaries in the technology transfer process. This thesis evaluates the utility of a third party in the technology transfer process. An examination of Wright Technology Network (WTN), a third party, is used to form a case study of its value added to Wright Laboratory (WL) in striving to meet WL's mission. Interviews with employees at WTN and WL are used to obtain the data for this case study. The key findings of this research suggest recommendations that can be applied to understand the utility of third parties. Some key findings found include: Third parties assist firms in targeting and defining a technology problem or interest and third parties facilitate the transfer process through their ties with industry. Opportunities for additional research in this area are also offered.


The response of a uniform magnetostrictive bar to electrical excitation is calculated for two sets of boundary conditions. Either both ends are coupled to a resistive load, or one end is coupled and the other clamped rigidly. First‐order terms involving dissipative forces are retained in the equation of motion. An expression relating displacement to excitation current is derived. A new equivalent circuit for the magnetostrictor is found and analyzed. It is shown that it can be used to evaluate the important constants of the magnetostrictor from simple measurements that do not change the magnetic properties of the sample.


A direct-reading gauge head comprises a gauge head, a camera, a single chip, an image processing module, a display module and a memory module; the lens of the camera corresponds to the gauge head in position; the video output end of the camera is connected with the input end of the image processing module; the output end of the image processing module is connected with the input end of the single chip; the output end of the single chip is connected with the input end of the display module; and the single chip is connected with the memory module. By the technical scheme, the accumulating error is avoided, the measuring reliability is improved, and the accuracy rate of data is effectively ensured.


Abstract : This thesis evaluates whether DoD can successfully predict surgical demand based on historical operating room usage and catchment area populations at Medical Treatment Facilities. Using sophisticated software, it applies statistical tools to develop surgical incidence rates and projects future year incidence rates based on projected population changes. This thesis focuses on medical logistics regionalization efforts underway throughout DoD and questions if outsourcing is the further of DoD medical logistics. This thesis further delineates a disposable product, surgical and clinical standardization program that DoD can immediately adopt to generate substantial savings in inventory investment. This thesis develops the idea that prepack surgical supplies can generate substantial savings following standardization. This thesis further develops the standardization structure, committee membership, subcommittee membership, and product review criteria for evaluating potential product standardization candidates. Capitated contracting for these prepack surgical kits along with future organization-wide disposable supplies, should be established along the same regions as the existing Tricare Lead Agents. This thesis recommends additional areas of further research to include outsourcing medical logistics functions within DoD, defining supply-side determinants and analyzing their impact on surgical output at MTFs, and capitated supply contracting.


expressionist painters (Hoffman, Rothko, Newman, etc.) and similar to some photographs by Aaron Siskind (mostly his walls and city scapes). The subject's distance to the camera was a major factor in this work. The idea at first glance is simple enough. Get close to anything and it is abstract. However, I did not want to make photo micrographs and show abstraction through the extreme close-up but wanted to select it from a section or part of a larger subject. Thus, the camera to subject distance became a concern because of its influence on the subject's proportions. In many cases I tried to choose large subjects and frame parts of them so I would get several large areas within the frame to create bold, full shapes. This was a striving for simplicity and essential content. The result was a mixture


A method for analyzing systems of strongly interacting particles is presented, in which observable quantities are expressed in terms of several constants, which are introduced into the theory in a manner similar to that by which particles, masses, and charges are introduced into the dispersion relation theory. The Landau theory of Fermi fluids is extended to the superfluidity case and to systems with a finite size. An equation is deduced that yields the probabilities of electromagnetic transitions in nuclei. (auth)


Aims & objectives: Superficial mycoses are commonly encountered fungal diseases prevalent in most parts of the world. It is a fungal disease infecting hair, skin & nails. In most of the cases, it does not produce any symp toms but in some cases it has cosmetic & systemic complications. The present study was carried out to know the prevalence of various superficial fungal pathogens in our institute. Materials & Methods: In our study, a total of 200 samples from skin department were processed & all were examined by conventional direct KOH preparation & fungal culture methods. Identification of the species was done by Lactophenol Cotton Blue mount from colony smear. Results: in present study, males are infected more than females with a ratio of 2.17:1. Tinea corporis was the common - est clinical type (48%). The positivity rate of KOH preparation is 72% & of culture is 59.5%. Trichophyton rubrum is the commonest fungal isolate (52.10%) followed by Trichophyton mentagrophytes. Conclusion: Male have higher fungal infection rate than females. Trichophyton rubrum is the common isolate in our geographical area. KOH preparation has higher positivity rate than cultue. followed by T. cruris & Onychomycosis. Two isolates of T. vio- laceum were obtained, from T.capitis & T.corporis.Candida was main isolate in cases of onychomycosis(12/19). Only one spe- cies of T. tonsurans from T.cruris was isolated.Out of four Mi-crosporumspp., two were isolated from T. corporis& two from T. capitis.Twelve isolates of Candidaspp. were grown from all clinical types except from T.cruris & T.facie..None of the derma- tophytes could be cultured from T.versicolor.


The purpose of this research to compare the internal and marginal fit of two full crown's materials made by (Cad/Cam) machine "lava plus high translucent zirconia and Ips-Emax using replica technique.
The research sample consisted of 60 premolars prepared to have a full crown and it was divided into two equal groups (n1=n2=30), in the first group the full crowns were fabricated by Lava Plus high translucent zirconia whereas in the second group the full crowns were fabricated by IPS-Emax.
Marginal adaptation of the crowns was measured by (cement replica technique) before applying the cementation steps of crowns, gingivo-incisal sections and mesio-distal sections were made and measured the marginal adaptation in 3 points in the cervical area and 3 points in the contact area using the BX41 OLYMPUS optical microscope magnifying ×10. Normal distribution of data was confirmed by using Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, then data analysis was done using Independent samples t-test at significance level of (α=0.05).
The average marginal gap of the Lava Plus and IPS-Emax full crowns were 105.72 and 152.57 micron respectively, therefor there is a statistically significant difference at 95% confidence level (p<0.05), the average marginal gap value of the second group was higher than the first group by (46.85 micron).
Among the limitations of this study we conclude that the marginal gap value of the full crowns varies according to the material which they were fabricated by it, Thus, LAVA Pluas high translucent zirconia Full crowns have more adaptation than Ips-Emax Full crowns as it represents less marginal gap values, although all values were within clinically acceptable limits.


congregations involved not only a spiritual ideal but also a temporal moment (the beginning of Time) and a geographical location (early Christian writers located Eden in the east, on top of a mountain). Mette Birkedal Bruun, in 'Procession and Contemplation in Bernard of Clairvaux's First Sermon for Palm Sunday', also considers the spatial in her reading of circular and linear motion in Cistercian life. The tension between the two is most apparent in the Palm Sunday procession, which memorialized Christ's entry into Jerusalem, typically by moving from one church to another. Within an enclosed Cistercian monastery, however, the Palm Sunday procession ended where it began, following not a linear progression from church to church, but a circular one around the cloister. With so much that is good in the content of this collection, it seems churlish to criticize its presentation, though, even so, much is well done in this respect: music examples and photographic illustrations are provided where needed and are well presented, and translations from foreign languages are nearly always provided. All the essays are heavily, if not always meticulously, footnoted. The rather high number of typographical errors are, in the main, no more than mildly distracting. In some cases, however, the errors affect the reader's understanding, such as when the piece Gloria laudis resonet is referred to several times on page 108 as Gloria laus resonet and one wonders if a different piece is meant; or when, in a passage on page 177 giving the definition of the term 'hagioscopy', that very word has mistakenly been replaced with 'hagiography'. One might quibble, too, with the apparent prudishness of a translation that renders 'ubera tua' as 'thy love' (p. 125), especially when good translations of common biblical texts like this are not hard to come by. But these are minor faults and do not detract from the importance of this collection. Like the Copenhagen research project that led to its publication, it is a sign of health in medieval studies and highlights the central position occupied by music and the visual arts in such interdisciplinary endeavours. At a time when the study of the Middle Ages seems increasingly marginalized within university departments, it is encouraging to see the publication of scholarship as impressive as this. HELEN DEEMING doi:10.1093/ml/gci141


THE COMMONLY accepted theory of dark adaptation relates the threshold for light perception to the concentration of visual purple in the retina. 1 The arguments that the retina is the major, if not the only, site of the dark-adaptation process are based on deductions made from measurements of dark adaptation, brightness discrimination, flicker perception, and retinal photochemistry. Little consideration has been given to the role of the central nervous system (retinogeniculocalcarine system) in dark adaptation. Attempts to analyze the dark-adaptation process into its component parts have been mainly chemical. These studies have provided a detailed knowledge of the photochemistry of the retina and a description of a mechanism capable of absorbing light energy and then releasing the energy needed to begin the train of nervous impulses. Comparison of the in vitro behavior of retinal chemical reactions and the dark-adaptation process, as measured by Hecht's method, showed that their activities were


LaAlO{sub 3} is grown on SrO terminated (100) SrTiO{sub 3}, and (110) SrTiO{sub 3}, producing insulating heterointerfaces without light. Photocurrent spectroscopy at low temperatures reveals a broad distribution of interface states between 2 eV and 2.7 eV at both interfaces, with a higher density in the (110) case concomitant with relatively shallow traps. The photocurrent relaxation can be well fitted by a stretched exponential form, confirming energetically distributed electron traps. Photo-carrier lifetimes are larger than a few hundred seconds for optical excitation approaching the SrTiO{sub 3} band-gap energy, providing the opportunity to study transient light-induced properties at low temperatures.


This essay explores a key issue in Durkheim's work, namely the relationship between justice and charity, and argues that the key to this, in turn, is to be found in an analysis of the gift. Beginning with his early lycee lectures and their account of justice and charity in relation to the moral law, it goes on to suggest that throughout his work there is an underlying con cern with the gift even or especially in his concern with the contract. This is evident in his vision of a society based on a 'spontaneous' division of labour, as well as in his critique of the inequalities built into existing soci ety through the institution of inheritance. But the essay also draws on mod ern French discussions of the gift, and their concern with issues of mutuality, reciprocity and recognition. This helps to identify the approach to the gift that underlies Durkheim's sociology, and to bring out its interest and importance.


In the three ways of water supply condition,project operation and management system,11 indices have been selected which are intended for setting up comprehensive model for rural drinking water safety projects,so it could let us know more about the operating conditions and economic running situation.The analytic hierarchy process is used to analyze the index then determine the weight,then combined with the fuzzy evaluation method to establish the fuzzy synthetic evaluation model.One of the typical project has been chosen to verify the model through which to interpret the model′s convenience.At last the model can be a reference for improving the rural drinking water safety projects.


Sensor management is more and more important in simultaneous tracking and identification with multiple sensors. In this paper, we proposed a novel sensor management approach based on compressed sensing for target tracking in sensor networks, to determine the subset of sensors with the most informative data. With the proposed approach, we consider original sensor management problem as a constrained optimization problem, where the goal is to determine the optimal values of probabilities so that the trace of the Fisher information matrix at any given time step can get its maximum. We also derived the formulations for the Fisher information matrix in case that the fusion center has complete measurement sparsity information. Experimental results show that the proposed approach consume fewer energy than the optimal scenario in which all sensor observations are transmitted to the fusion center.


The 70 eV electron impact mass spectra of 19 dipheaylethyne derivatives are presented and discussed in terms of observed substituent effects.


Based on a technological 5 kW cw-CO 2 laser, an atmospheric pressure laser assisted CVD process has been established which performs a continuous high rate coating of carbon fibre rovings. Layers of pyrolytic carbon have been deposited from CH4 with a rate of 0.6 μm/s which enhances the tensile strength and Weibull modulus of fibres. In another variant, pyro-C layers have been deposited in a technological thermal hot-wall CVD reactor on fabrics and on preforms. The layer thickness is uniform over the cross section of the fibre bundles, but variations in flow direction have been detected. Composite materials with SiC matrix have been processed by both liquid precursor infiltration using Si-polymers and by converting a carboneous matrix being infiltrated with liquid silicon. Preforms with uncoated and coated fibres have been infiltrated. The resulting composites are characterized by high tensile strength and crack resistance due to the favourable pull-out behaviour of coated fibres.


Incredible as it may seem, we urge "toilet training" for social change without tongue in cheek. More precisely, we are stuck with a sense of the decisive character of developmental studies for the understanding of and constructive intervention in the processes of social change. We are not bent on putting down but on lifting up both developmental theory and social change. Change in the socialization of the young may prove to be the most radical method of all in the arsenal of social change. If this be so, psychologists, including pastoral psychologists, will discover themselves in the front line of the battle without ever joining a march or raising a placard.


Let A=(t_4)(A_n,p_n) be the tracial limit of a sequence of unital C~*-subalgebras A_n,this paper proved that (1) united manners of the structure of K_0(A_n) can be transmitted to K_0(A);(2)for n,k∈N;and if the natural maps i_k~(n)∶U_k(A_n)/U_k~0(A_n)→K_1(A_n) are surjective, then ∈N,i_k∶U_k(A)/U_k~0(A)→K_1(A) are surjective too.


The Rosetta Alice (R-Alice) ultraviolet spectrograph on the European Space Agency Rosetta spacecraft, currently escorting the comet 67P/ChuryumovGerasimenko in its orbit around the Sun, has observed the activity of the comet since encounter in August 2014. Fortuitous observations taken in October and November 2015, two and three months after perihelion respectively, show large increases in the Lyman-β, OI 1304, CII 1335, OI] 1356, and CI 1657 atomic emission lines that indicate gas outbursts. Due to the electron impact on gases in the cometary coma the data is compared to measured cross sections and line ratios to put constraints on outburst composition. Analysis of these emission lines and the ratios indicates that each primary outburst was driven by molecular oxygen and followed by a smaller secondary outburst. In both cases the secondary outburst contained a different composition of CO2 or H2O than in the primary outburst. These observations support the findings of Bieler et al. 2015 and detail the need for a formation mechanism that traps O2 in comets during formation.


We derive an objective function which instead of mapping/placing application task graphs in a compact manner onto reconfigurable devices, dilates the mappings as much as the available latencies on critical connections allow. The objective function is then optimized using simulated annealing. The main advantage of the dilated placement of the task graphs is that the unused resources between an application's configured components can be used to provide additional flexibility when the configuration needs to change. We present results of applying the dilated placement to one synthetic case and one real case. The presented results show successful and meaningful graph dilation.


We consider general fermi-phobic scenarios in which excess events in diphoton or WW/ZZ resonances may be seen at LHC. These Higgs like signals do not necessarily suggest that the new resonance is a particle with Yukawa couplings nor do we know that it is responsible for electroweak symmetry breaking. We can, however, extract two facts from it, this particle couples to pairs of SU(2) and U(1) gauge bosons and it must be a scalar, pseudoscalar, or tensor. We consider the signals of general operators up to effective dimension 5 in which a new scalar, psuedo-scalar, or tensor particle may couple to pairs of standard model gauge bosons. This particle may or may not be charged under the standard model gauge groups, and may be produced via gluon fusion or EW vector boson fusion.


The interoperability of the train in Europe will be strived in notably harmonizing the communication systems between the trains and the control centers. The GSM-R will then become the communication system for data and voice transmission throughout the European Rail Network. However, the GSM-R communications can be significantly disturbed by the electromagnetic (EM) interferences produced by the railway vehicles and installations. Preliminary measurements highlighted that the EM disturbances produced when sparks occur due to the poor contact between the catenary and the pantograph radiate considerable energy in GSM-R band. This paper will then present the main characteristics of these transient disturbances and analyze the relevance of different characterization methods in order to establish their impact on the BER of the GSM-R communications.


Objective
To discuss the application of electronic nursing information system in the information management of operation room.

Methods
According to the main frame and function of electronic nursing information system in operation room, the composition of software, the method of application and the statistical method of the results were stated. We analyzed the advantage of the electronic nursing information system in the information management of operation room.

Results
The use of electronic nursing system greatly improved the quality of nursing in operation room, and improved the working efficiency of nursing staff. In addition, the application of electronic nursing information system strengthened the sense of responsibility of nursing staff in operation room, and improved their legal awareness and self-protection awareness. It also reduced the incidence of medical accidents and disputes from a certain extent.

Conclusions
Electronic nursing information system can realize the information management of operation room. It has application value in improving the quality of nursing and work efficiency of nurses in operation room, and reducing the incidence of medical malpractice disputes.

Key words:
Operation room; Electronic information system; Information management


The purpose of the study is to identify the current usage of ALTs at schools for the deaf (SfDs) in Japan and to explore considerations for effective interaction and team teaching from the perspectives of the ALTs themselves. A questionnaire survey was conducted by mail to ALTs at SfDs. Twenty-six ALTs who work in 28 SfDs responded to the survey. Around eighty percent of ALTs had less than two years' experience and 60 percent of them did not have any knowledge of sign languages. Two specific issues for ALTs at SfDs were firstly use of sign languages and secondly the way of communicating with deaf students such as lip reading. For effective interaction and team teaching with ALTs, two recommendations were suggested. Specific considerations on the effective use of ALTs at SfDs include, valuing ALTs who provide a cross-cultural experience to students, providing ALTs with key points to communicate with deaf students and including ALTs as a member of the school community.


Most research on professional women has focused on their stress experience as opposed to their coping and adjustment. In addition, there is a paucity of South African research on coping in general, and on coping and adjustment among medical professional women in particular. This study accordingly investigated the biopsychosocial coping and adjustment of medical professional women in South Africa, by means of an exploratory, descriptive research design. The relationship between participants' scores on coping and adjustment measures was also explored. Three measures were used, namely, a biographical questionnaire, the Coping Resources Inventory (CRI) and the Personal, Home, Social and Formal Relations Questionnaire (PHSF). These were administered to 66 medical professional women in the Nelson Mandela Metropole. The results indicated that the participants perceived themselves as having an average level of coping resources and adjustment. A significant positive relationship was found to exist between coping resources and adjustment. These results are discussed in terms of their relevance to future research and their practical applicability in terms of support structures for medical professional women.


The effect of the insertion of a Ti glue layers to enhance adhesion between Pt films and Ti oxide films has been investigated. Ti is known to be effective in adhesion enhancement, but the diffusion of Ti atoms into Pt films caused by heat treatment adversely affected bonding between the Pt films and Au wire. HRSEM and AES were used to analyze the behavior of the Ti atoms and it was found that excessive Ti atoms in the glue layer diffused onto the Pt surface. It was found that 5nm was the optimum thickness of the Ti glue layer in terms of both enhancing adhesion and suppressing deterioration of Au wire bonding.


The HindIII c‐sis RFLP was analyzed in constitutional and tumor DNAs of 19 meningioma patients. Loss of a c‐sis allele (allele 1 in all cases) was observed in 6 out of 10 tumors from heterozygous patients. No alteration in the structure or dosage of the c‐sis gene was detected in any tumor sample. Northern analysis of c‐sis evidenced sis transcripts in 7 out of 8 meningiomas which were amenable to analysis. All tumors expressing c‐sis also expressed c‐fos, suggesting that the autocrine loop elicited by sisactivation may have c‐fos as its nuclear target. Co‐expression of c‐sis and c‐fos was also observed in 5 neuromas out of 7 analyzed. Very high levels of fos‐mRNA were observed in 2 neuromas, but were not found to be caused by apparent alteration or amplification of the c‐fos gene.


We present a rigorous closed-form solution to complete the fundamental theory on the transient surface plasmons polaritons (SPP) present on a metal interface, in addition to the conventional long-range SPP, launched by scattering of a metal subwavelength slit. We demonstrate that the Maxwell equations solution includes a transit SPP with complexvalued Exponential Integral envelope by computing the Sommerfeld branch-cut integrals. Physically, the transient SPP is the cylindrical wave initially radiated from the source line, which losses its energy to pumping the long-range SPP mode in the propagation. Its varying damping rate is comparable with existing numerical and approximate results.