We read with great interest the article by Shanshan Y [1] reporting on the predictors of post-operative myasthenic crises (POMCs) after thymectomy in a series of 178 patients with myasthenia gravis (MG). The myasthenic crises are a well-known exacerbation of the symptoms that may render, in those cases that undergo surgery, the preand post-operative management rather difficult. In fact, except for the recommendation that the operation should be performed in a centre where physicians, surgeons, anaesthesiologists and nursing staff are familiar with the peculiar preand postop care problems correlated with MG [2], there is no general agreement on the management of the patient with MG who is thymectomised. As well, the anaesthesiologist is often immediately faced with decisions concerning patients' ability to tolerate tracheal extubation or their need for intensive care. For this reason, the pre-operative evaluation of MG patients is central to the success of surgery and the post-operative course and the knowledge of predictors of POMCs is essential for anaesthesiologists and surgeons in the preand peri-operative setting. In literature, few authors have analyzed the predictive factors of POMCs. Loach et al. [3] reported that VC of <2.0 l, thymoma, bulbar symptoms and age >50 years influenced POMCs. Other authors [4] reported that the presence bulbar symptoms was the only predictive factor, while others [5] showed a strong correlation with preoperative bulbar symptoms, antiAChR level higher than 100 nmol/l and intra-operative blood loss higher than 1000 ml. In this debate, from 01/95 to 12/11, we retrospectively reviewed the clinical, pathological and surgical data of 177 patients with MG undergoing trans-sternal


Rate constants for the gas-phase reaction of NO3 radicals with 1-butene, trans-butene, 2-methyl-2-butene and 2,3-dimethyl-2-butene have been obtained in a flow system at 298±2 K and a pressure of 3 mbar He using NO3 LIF measurements. NO3 radicals were produced via thermal decomposition of N2O5 at ca. 400 K, i.e. N2O5+M NO3+NO2+M.

Applying pseudo-first-order conditions, the rate constants for 1-butene and trans-butene were found to be (1.04±0.11)·10−14 and (3.74±0.45)·10−13, respectively. For 2-methyl-2-butene and 2,3-dimethyl-2-butene the rate constants were obtained under second-order conditions to be (1.03±0.09)·10−11 and (5.49±0.42)·10−11, respectively (unit: cm3 molecule−1 s1).


Dielectric microspheres or microbeads can squeeze light into the subwavelength scale via photonic nanojet (PNJ) focusing. This enables strong lightmatter interactions within its focus and induces extraordinary effects such as enhancements in light emission, signal collection and various other applications. However, critical challenges exist on how to efficiently and precisely loading the studied objects into the desired location of the PNJ focusing, and subsequently measure the field and signal of interests precisely and reliably. Such technique is currently missing. We present for the first time a unique microwell-decorated microsphere lens (μ-well lens), with a semi-open microwell sample compartment directly fabricated on top of the microsphere lens. The μ-well lens confines PNJ in a semi-open microwell and allows passive trapping of individual micro-object into the PNJ focusing area with high efficiency and spatial accuracy. We demonstrate that individual fluorescent microsphere of different sizes can be readily introduced to the designated location with loading efficiency >70% and generates reproducible enhanced fluorescence signals with standard deviation better than that can be quantitatively measured. A comprehensive analysis on the optical properties of the μ -well lens reveals the synergistic effect of field enhancement and collection efficiency on the optical enhancement. We finally employ this special microsphere lens for fluorescent-beadbased biotin concentration analysis. The results suggest a greatly enhanced sensitivity and highly improved detection limit, opening the door for its application in highly sensitive and quantitative detection. The μ-well microsphere lens demonstrated here is promising for the development of next-generation on-chip signal amplification and quantitative detection systems with extremely high sensitivity and low detection limit; it also provides a platform for investigating a wide range of light–matter interaction processes.


Cultural Studies, Folklore, and Popular Culture The Work of Feeling in the Age of Deindustrialization (34) The Other #MeToos (50) Popular Culture and Technology (176) The Polar Imagination (258) Pop and the Question of Pleasure (294) "The Unbearable Wrongness of Being": Abjection, Power, and the Possibilities of the Human in Popular Culture (303A) Disability and Surveillance (309) "Grown-Ass Women": Understanding and Teaching Angry Texts in Several Genres (365) MLA Human Library 2020 (424) Travel and Fantasies of Empire (453) Decolonizing Sound Studies: Reverberations, Praxis, and Power (485) Graphic Narratives and Multiple Marginalities (528) Popular Music and Society in Spain (547) DBLAC: Black Modalities and the Question of Humanity (598) Comic Lives (611) Global Labor and Literature (672) Working-Class Writing and Nostalgia (678) Music Lives (700) Here We Are Now: Grunge and the Humanities, Thirty Years On (737) Seeing and Feeling Otherwise: Racialized Bodies, Gendered Aesthetics, and Queer Interpretive Practices (751)


OBJECTIVES
The incidence of atypical mycobacterial infections has increased with the AIDS epidemic. To present, microscopic examinations of airway specimens positive for acid-fast bacteria were highly suggestive of tuberculosis. However, since the AIDS epidemic, certain authors have reported an increase in Mycobacterium avium intracellulare found in respiratory specimens. The aim of this work was to determine what factors might distinguish between these two infections revealed discovery of an acid-fact bacilli.

METHODS
Hospital files of all HIV seropositive patients seen between November 1992 and March 1995 and with at least one airway specimen positive for acid-fast bacilli were studied retrospectively.

RESULTS
Mycobacterium tuberculosis was isolated in 19 patients, Mycobacterium avium intracellulare in 8 and culosis and M. avium intracellulare. There was no difference for age, sex, geographical origin, transmission mode, antigen positivity, radiologic findings or clinical signs between patients with the different types of mycobacterium. The CD4 count was however significantly lower in patients with an atypical mycobacteriosis (14.5/mm3) than in patients with tuberculosis (91.7 +/- 83.7) (p = 0.004).

CONCLUSION
These findings show that in HIV-infected patients with a CD4 count under 100/mm3, the presence of acid-fact bacilli can indicate either M. tuberculosis or M. avium intracellulare. Combined anti-tuberculosis and antimycobacteriosis therapy thus would appear to be justified until the germ can be identified.


Upconverting nanoparticles present a new technology for light based imaging/detection and therapy. They can be used for ultrasensitive interference-free biodetection because most biomolecules do not have upconversion properties. They are also useful for photodynamic therapy.


Traumatic defects in articular cartilage are common in the young athletic population. They may occur in association with other injuries to the knee, particularly anterior cruciate ligament disruption. We understand that both theoretically and clinically, these defects may lead to an increased incidence of ongoing painful symptoms in the short term and degenerative joint disease in the long term. The orthopedic surgeon has several options to deal with theses injuries. The choice is dependent on the size and position of the lesion in the knee and any associated pathology.

The most commonly practised methods aim to evoke a 'repair' response of fibrocartilage formation. This often helps in the short term, but the fibrocartilage degenerates over time, resulting in the return of symptoms.

These 'repair' methods can be classified as: 1. Marrow stimulation techniques– these include abrasion chondroplasty, subchondral drilling and microfracture techniques. 2. Scaffold induced repair techniques.

More recently, attempts to 're-generate' normal articular cartilage have been introduced to clinical practice. These are: 1. Mosaicplasty– autogenous osteochondral plug transplantation. 2. Autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI)– this involves the harvest and culturing of autologous chondrocytes and then re-implantation via injection under a periosteal or porcine collagen patch. The newest technology allow implantation of the collagen patch which has had chondrocytes cultured within its structure. The results of these autologous chondrocyte implantation show encouraging short to medium term results clinically. 3. Some orthopaedic centres have recently been advocating 'articular cartilage paste grafting'– this is a simple technique based upon the theory that a paste of autogenous articular cartilage and subchondral bone should contain chondrocytes, stem cells and growth factors in its own scaffold.

Orthopedic surgeons await with interest the outcome of pre-clinical work in examining the use of growth factors, scaffold technology and gene therapy in helping with the clinical problem of articular cartilage defects.


Use Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus cereus as initial strain,we can get two strains of high enzymic activity for xylanase,enzymic activity is 17.50 and 17.20 times as before respectly.Study the ferment condition of the highest enzymic activity strain.


A concept of distributed actuators and their controls for ultra-fast, material transfer network based upon linear induction motors (LIMs) is presented in this paper. The distributed actuator consists of modularized stationary primaries connected to form a distributed, closed guideway structure with multiple loops through which vehicles (moving secondaries of the LIM) are propelled at a maximum velocity of 120 km/hr and a maximum acceleration of 4 g. The turning radius can be less than 1 m. A transverse flux LIM propulsion unit design provides robust, direct-drive electromagnetic vector controlled propulsion and electromagnetic steering. The controlled moving secondary vehicles are completely passive with no power, sensing, or control intelligence onboard. The need to control multiple passive vehicles simultaneously moving through a multitude of propulsion units mandates a highly distributed control architecture where propulsion units cooperate using a communication network. The need for centralized database and control is eliminated by endowing the communication network with a topology identical to that of the guideway network. The distributed control architecture ensures spontaneity of material delivery by integrating vehicle motion control with intelligence for real-time collision avoidance, a parallel shortest-path routing algorithm, and an autonomous dispatching protocol. Recent experimental results are presented.


This historical research article presents a detailed account of the episodes, particularities, journeys and vicissitudes of political-electoral nature that took place during the life of the Costa Rican intellectual Rogelio Fernández Güell (1883-1918), who distinguished himself from an early age and throughout his life, by a multifaceted series of actuators in various aspects of cultural and academic work in countries such as Costa Rica (his homeland), Spain, Mexico, USA. and Argentina. His first political incursions were at the beginning of the 20th century which he combined with a pioneering exercise in journalism and literature. In addition, there is the story of his paths on Spanish and Mexican soil, this being the last country where he would live as a direct protagonist of the incidences of the famous Mexican Revolution, which would mean a deep and valuable friendship with the Mexican President Francisco I. Madero. Finally, he explains the reasons for his return to Costa Rica, the role he played in the elections of 1913-1914, his functional, literary and academic performances at that juncture, his participation in the organized rebellion against President Federico Tinoco Granados and the tragic incidents that led to his ignominious murder in March 1918.


The trends in the infrastructure Internet market and the implications of those trends are shaping the future of infrastructure Internet companies. The companies that will succeed will be the ones with leading design capabilities, strong relationships with customers and standard-setting organizations, a broad base of customers and low concentration with any one customer, strong management, and exposure to high-growth markets. Companies that produce the next generation of technology will have "first-mover" advantage and, therefore, the potential for high valuations. Analysts can better classify and analyze these companies if they have a basic understanding of the underlying technology.


Statistical transfer functions relate living planktonic foraminiferal species of the central equatorial Pacific to measured sea surface temperature, integrated primary productivity, and mixed-layer depth. The faunal estimates successfully reconstruct latitudinal patterns observed in both warm (El Nino, February–March 1992) and cool (La Nina, August–September 1992) seasonal settings. Predictions of mixed-layer depth appear to be unbiased by temperature or productivity in our data set but tend to underestimate deep mixed layers. Interactions between productivity and temperature, perhaps through their common influence on respiration and growth rates, bias foraminiferal transfer functions for both properties. Paleoceanographic estimates may be improved by accounting for such biological processes that translate the environment into a faunal response preserved in the geologic record.


A Recommender System (RS) is a composition of software tools and machine learning techniques that provides valuable piece of advice for items or services chosen by a user. Recommender systems are currently useful in both the research and in the commercial areas. Numerous approaches have been proposed for providing recommendations. Certainly, recommendation systems have an assortment of properties that may entail experiences of user such as user preference, prediction accuracy, confidence, trust, etc. In this paper we present a categorical reassess of the field of recommender systems and Approaches for Evaluation of Recommendation System to propose the recommendation method that would further help to enhance opinion mining through recommendations.


The 28-GHz band is used in the 5th generation mobile communication system (5G) [1]. In 5G, the introduction of massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) is being considered, and in an environment with large propagation loss such as that of millimeter waves, massive MIMO can realize beamforming according to the position of the terminal [1]. Therefore, it is important to understand the direction of arrival in the millimeter wave band. In this study, we conducted an experiment using a 48-element circular array in the 20 GHz band in the urban area of Niigata City, and also performed ray tracing assuming the same environment. In addition, we show the direction of arrival (DoA) estimation results using iterative reduction threshold algorithm (ISTA), which is based on compressed sensing. It is shown that the main path can be estimated by using ISTA even with approximately 5 elements.


Abstrcat The internal control system must subject to the aim and task of accounting in colleges, and the key point is the safety of fund, especially the monetary fund. It's necessary to set up the system of personal responsibility and the control system of authorization.


We discuss the set of wavefunctions $\psi_V(t)$ that can be obtained from a given initial condition $\psi_0$ by applying the flow of the Schrodinger operator $-\Delta + V(t,x)$ and varying the potential $V(t,x)$. We show that this set has empty interior, both as a subset of the sphere in $L^2(\mathbb{R}^d)$ and as a set of trajectories.


A detailed investigation concerning the atomic structure of Cr2O3 and Pd/Cr2O3 ultrathin films deposited on a Ag(111) single crystal is presented. The films were prepared by MBE (molecular beam epitaxy) and characterized in situ by LEED (low energy electron diffraction), XPS (X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy), and XPD (X-ray photoelectron diffraction). Evidences of rotated domains and an oxygen-terminated Cr2O3/Ag(111) surface were observed, along with significant contractions of the oxide's outermost interlayer distances. The deposition of Pd atoms on the Cr2O3 surface formed a four-monolayer film, fcc packed and oriented in the [111] direction, which presented changes in monolayer spacing and lateral atomic distance compared to the expected values for bulk Pd. The observed surface structure may shed light on new physical properties such as the induced magnetic ordering in Pd atoms.


The effect of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) on stem radius growth, tracheid lumen diameter, and tracheid wall thickness in P. radiata was investigated. Stem segments from trees that normally produce high-density wood and from trees that normally produce low-density wood were grown in vitro at a number of IAA concentrations between 0 and 20 mg l-1. Maximum increase in stem radius and maximum tracheid lumen diameter were found at IAA concentrations of 6-10 mg l-1. Tracheid wall thickness increased approximately linearly as IAA concentration was increased up to 20 mg l-1. Absolute differences in radial stem increase and in cell lumen diameter between the high- and the low-density stems were greatest at IAA concentrations of 4-10 mg l-1. At low or high IAA concentrations, absolute differences between the clones in their stem radial increase and in their tracheid lumen diameter were small. Proportional differences between the clones in these two factors were greatest at IAA concentrations of 10 mg l-1. Clonal differences in the tracheid wall volume per unit stem volume could account for the differences in wood density only at IAA concentrations of 4-10 mg l-1.


I have proposed a bottom-up technology utilising irradiation with active beams, such as electrons and ions, to achieve nanostructures with a size of 3–40 nm. This can be used as a nanotechnology that provides the desired structures, materials, and phases at desired positions. Electron beam irradiation of metastable θ-Al2O3, more than 1019 e/cm2s in a transmission electron microscope (TEM), enables the production of oxide-free Al nanoparticles, which can be manipulated to undergo migration, bonding, rotation, revolution, and embedding. The manipulations are facilitated by momentum transfer from electrons to nanoparticles, which takes advantage of the spiral trajectory of the electron beam in the magnetic field of the TEM pole piece. Furthermore, onion-like fullerenes and intercalated structures on amorphous carbon films are induced through catalytic reactions. δ-, θ-Al2O3 ball/wire hybrid nanostructures were obtained in a short time using an electron irradiation flashing mode that switches between 1019 and 1022 e/cm2s. Various α-Al2O3 nanostructures, such as encapsulated nanoballs or nanorods, are also produced. In addition, the preparation or control of Pt, W, and Cu nanoparticles can be achieved by electron beam irradiation with a higher intensity.


Touch is one of the most important ways for human beings to experience and to understand the world.It plays a critical role in the process of constructing our abstract concepts.It is discovered that the metaphorical scope of "sharp" covers not only the conceptual domains of emotion,intellect and attitude,etc.but also the domains of vision,hearing,smell and taste.These findings show that Sweetser's generalizations about the conceptual metaphor of touch in English are neither accurate nor complete.Compared with the English,the Chinese employ more concrete concepts of "sharp" in understanding abstract concepts.


The topology of a Mobile Ad hoc Network (MANET) has substantial influence on its performance in that the transmission range and battery power of the nodes are not uniform in nature. The topology is susceptible to node and link failures which lead to network partitioning. Topology reconfiguration aims to recover from the failure and maintain the connectivity. Existing topology reconfiguration algorithms does topology updates at regular intervals which increases the communication overhead and leads to energy depletion. We propose a distributed load balanced Cluster-based Topology Reconfiguration algorithm that achieves higher data delivery and connectivity. In this work we estimate the failure of the nodes and links and reconfigured the topology by selecting optimal transmission power to avoid partitioning. Topology updates are done only at failing conditions. The simulation results show that the proposed algorithm increases the node life time and reduces the power consumption.


Tidal disruption flares (TDFs) are potent indicators of the co-evolution of galaxies and the massive black holes (MBHs) which they host in their nuclei, both in terms of the individual black holes revealed by tidal flares and in terms of the overall disruption rate. We examine key concerns regarding the disruption rate from an observational perspective. We also present the findings to date of an archival survey of galaxy clusters using X-ray variability selection and multi-wavelength follow-up. We present a disruption rate that is consistent with other observational and theoretical findings to date, as well as two noteworthy X-ray flares which we attribute to tidal disruption events.


IN many hoist operations, for example, lifting racks of tobacco into a curing barn, a single operator tries to guide the load to the proper height and position it while controlling the motion by means of a switch on a multiconductor cable which is apt to get tangled with the lift chain and load. A simple wireless controller has been developed which gives precision height control, eliminates the control cable and allows the operator to stand clear of the chain and load. The controller consists of a 310 MHz hand-held transmitter which transmits a separate code depending on which of three function switches is pressed (up, down, stop). Codes are received and fed into a series of three decoders; one for each of the three codes transmitted. One of the decoders will recognize the signal and actuate the appropriate switch in the hoist. Modifications made in the hoist control circuit consisted of the addition of a switch driven laterally by a ball nut and shaft and a series of three trip blocks to stop the hoist at any one of three preselected heights. All of the original capabilities of the hoist were retained. The wireless controller performed according to design expectations and lift height precision was within about 3 mm (1/8 in.).


David M. Hart, Forged Consensus: Science, Technology, and Economic Policy in the United States, 1921-1953, Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1998. Daniel Lee Kleinman, Politics on the Endless Frontier: Postwar Research Policy in the United States, Durham: Duke University Press, 1995. Bruce L. R. Smith, American Science Policy Since World War II, Washington, DC: The Brookings Institution, 1990.


-Since c. 1950 the shoreline at Magilligan Point has prograded by almost 200 m. Sequences of beach ridge and dune development are directly related to erosion of the adjoining coastline and the efficiency of the sediment transport system. Sand moving along the shore becomes captured by two overlapping and counteractive drift cells near the Point. Given the present conditions of sediment scarcity it is thought that this recent progradation is only a short-lived stage in the progressive destruction of the foreland.


This qualitative research paper investigates the role of transport infrastructure for community and tourism development in emerging island destinations. The Faroe Islands, a trending tourism attraction, have lately become pioneers in subsea tunnel construction. Their innovative and avant-garde road system is replacing cross-sea ferry links and providing users with shorter travel times across the country, part of a national plan which aims to unite the entire archipelago under one main network. Local actors interviewed through ethnographic fieldwork convey that Faroese subsea tunnels are undisputable, active signs of infrastructure development and can potentially play a key role for the growth and prosperity of tourism across the islands. However, the findings also suggest that policymakers are underestimating the system's tourism potential. Overall, building underwater is expensive and time-consuming and presents opportunities as well as threats for the destination. This paper encourages Faroese authorities to consider tourism development as an inevitable phenomenon and a potential additional challenge for the small, vulnerable territory. In this context, governmental entities need to understand local dynamics and make the most of the unique features of the destination to create tailored and effective policies which allow the archipelago to benefit from its assets while minimising the risk of socio-economic and environmental issues.


Since 1981 scientists in the United Slates and the Soviet Union have been meeting to discuss the foundations of cybernetics and general systems theory in their two countries. Several different methods of communication have been tried and a wide range of topics have been covered. Most of the conversations have focused on issues involving epistemology, methodology, and management. The discussions have turned up several differences in approach. A few of the differences suggest new avenues for research. Two ideas may help to shed light on theoretical approaches in the two countries and on differences between the two societies. The two ideas are "cognitive efficiency" and "collective intelligence".


The paper presents a study of the non-native invasive shrub Aronia prunifolia, a species with a rising number of localities and increasing abundance within invaded areas. This deciduous shrub of North American origin is invading abandoned meadows, pastures and forests in some coastal parts of Latvia. Due to its specific habitat requirements, the species is confined to rather small areas, where it grows on moderately acidic to acidic soils on sand and peat substrates. In order to understand the factors limiting its spread, climatic and soil conditions, vegetation types and the spread of the species were studied. The species appears to be strongly related to the sub-oceanic climate with specific soil conditions, mostly low pH, as the most important limiting factors. In some areas it has become a vigorous invader, causing changes in biologically valuable grassland types and outcompeting local secondary shrub species.


The presence of microplastics in commercially important seafood species is a new issue of food safety concern. Although plastic debris has been found in the gastrointestinal tracts of several species, the prevalence of microplastics in edible shrimp tissues in Thailand has not yet been established. For the first time, the gastrointestinal tract (GT), heptapancreas (HEP), muscle (MU) and exoskeleton (EX) of farmed white leg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) from commercial aquaculture facilities in Nakhon Pathom Province, Thailand, were analyzed for microplastics (MPs). The number of MP items per tissue was 27.36±2.28 in the GT, 17.42±0.90 in the HEP, 11.37±0.60 in the MU and 10.04±0.52 in the EX. MP concentrations were 137.78±16.48, 16.31±1.87, 1.69±0.13 and 4.37±0.27 items/gram (ww) in the GT, HEP, MU and EX, respectively. Microplastics ranged in size from < 100 to 200–250 μm, with fragment-shape (62.07%), fibers (37.31%) and blue (43.69%) was the most common. The most frequently found polymers in shrimp tissue organs and pond water were polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyvinyl acetate (PVAc) and cellulose acetate butyrate (CAB). Shrimp consumption (excluding GT and EX) was calculated as 28.79 items/shrimp/person/day using Thailand's consumption of shrimp, MP abundance and shrimp consumption. The results of the study can be used as background data for future biomonitoring of microplastics in shrimp species that are significant from an ecological and commercial perspective. MP abundance in farmed L. vannamei may be related to feeding habits and the source of MPs could come from the aquaculture facilities operations.


Background :
Elderly is one of the risk factors for an increase in blood pressure or hypertension caused an increase in abnormal blood pressure in the arteries which transports blood from the heart and pumps throughout the tissues and organs of the body continuously. The benefits of Chair Based Exercise are that it can reduce heart rate which will affect the decrease in cardiac output, which ultimately lowers blood pressure.
Objective : To determine the effect of Chair Based Exercise on reducing blood pressure in elderly people with hypertension at Griya Asih Lawang Nursing Home.
Research Methods : The research design used was pre-experimental with one group pre-post test design approach. Respondents in this study were elderly with hypertension who were in Griya Asih Lawang Nursing Home. The total sample of 24 respondents who met the criteria was obtained from the purposive sampling method. The intervention used is low impact aerobic exercise. With research using gymnastics chair-based exercise
Results : The results of the study with the Wilcoxon test by giving an intervention in the form of a chair based exercise showed the results of statistical analysis with a value of p = 0.000 <α = 0.05, the results of the data that H1 was accepted, can be interpreted as influences from the exercise.
Conclusion : There is a chair based exercise effect on reducing blood pressure in elderly people with hypertension at Griya Asih Lawang Nursing Home


Several cultivars of spray and standard chrysanthemums (Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat.) were grown at normal (16°C) or split (16° and 10°) night temperature during the short-day growth period. The overall growth, number of blooms and buds, and weight of blooms were increased by the split night temperature treatment. Many growth parameter means, except leaf area ratio (LAR) and leaf weight ratio (LWR), were higher when the plants were grown at the split night temperature. Most growth parameters, except specific leaf area (SLA), were affected significantly by either temperature treatments or cultivar differences and harvest times. The data indicate that the split night temperature treatment was beneficial to the growth of some and not detrimental to the growth of other cultivars of chrysanthemums.


We review two ex-situ doping methods to achieve high n-type doping up to mid-1019 cm-3 in Ge-on-Si thin films. For both, delta doping and ion implantation, rapid thermal annealing is used to diffuse phosphorus from a diffusion source into the single crystal Ge layer. The diffusion mechanism is studied and we find that dopant enhanced diffusion in in-situ doped Ge attributes to the high doping level. A band gap narrowing effect is observed in highly doped n-type Ge through photoluminescence measurements by determining the photoluminescence peak shift. An empirical linear expression of the direct band gap narrowing shift with carrier concentration is proposed.


abstract As a concept, intimacy has been a powerful way of understanding how the ongoing pandemic has affected gender relations, expression and access. The pandemic's effects on women have been disproportionately adverse, with social distancing, intermittent lockdowns and travel restrictions that have changed the socialisation scenario, impacting relationships. Women's expression and connections are increasingly mediated through technology which is shaped by gendered dynamics of access and availability. Community networks (CNs) and community radio stations (CRs) have been central to ensuring last-mile connectivity through the use of frugal technologies. This has been an effective source of information dissemination, especially over the course of the pandemic. Through qualitative data from CRs in India, we show that care work and intimacy are strong elements of communications as mediated by CNs and CRs. Against the backdrop of gendered care work, we explore the conceptual depth that different aspects of intimacies and intimate economies offer to understand communications as mediated through CNs and CRs over the course of the pandemic, at the levels of personal expression, interpersonal communications and community conversations. We seek to understand how these forms of mediating technologies play a role in furthering, challenging and reimagining our understanding of intimacies as a concept.


In the production and manufacturing industry, factors such as rolling equipment and processes may cause various defects on the surface of the steel plate, which greatly affect the performance and subsequent machining accuracy. Therefore, it is essential to identify defects in time and improve the quality of production. An intelligent detection system was constructed, and some improved algorithms such as dataset enhancement, annotation and lightweight convolution neural network are proposed in this paper. (1) Compared with the original YOLOV5 (You Only Look Once), the precision is 0.924, and the inference time is 29.8 ms, which is 13.8 ms faster than the original model. Additionally, the parameters and calculations are also far less than YOLOV5. (2) Ablation experiments were designed to verify the effectiveness of the proposed algorithms. The overall accuracy was improved by 0.062; meanwhile, the inference time was reduced by 21.7 ms. (3) Compared with other detection models, although RetinaNet has the highest accuracy, it takes the longest time. The overall performance of the proposed method is better than other methods. This research can better meet the requirements of the industry for precision and real-time performance. It can also provide ideas for industrial detection and lay the foundation for industrial automation.


The main objective of this study was to characterize the socioeconomic and productive profile of family dairy farmer in the microregions of the northeast portion of the Brazilian state of Para. A questionnaire was applied between March and April 2016 at the 20 rural properties of the cities of Castanhal, Irituia, Nova Timboteua, Peixe-boi, and Sao Francisco that work with dairy cattle. The dairy activity in the microregions of the northeast portion of the state of Para is characterized by low technological and productivity indices. It is essential producers seek to improve their technical and managerial knowledge in order to optimize zootechnical and productive indicators.


Abstract Background: Chronic inflammatory non-cicatricial balanitis/balanoposthitis (Zoon 1952) is not uncommon among aged uncircumcised males. The course is chronic and will lead to severe epidermal atrophy. This disease is poorly responsive to topical treatment. The golden standard for treatment is circumcision. Objective: This study was performed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of ablative erbium:YAG laser treatment. Methods: An uncontrolled trial was performed with 20 Caucasian male patients (mean age 64.8 years) who presented with chronic inflammatory non-cicatricial balanitis or balanoposthitis. The patients received multiple topical treatments. The disease duration ranged from 1 to more than 7 years. Diagnosis was confirmed by histology. Topical anaesthesia was performed before erbium:YAG laser ablation (focus 1.6–5 mm; frequency 8 Hz; impulse energy mostly 800 mJ; fluence between 11.3 and 20 J cm−2). The pulses were partly overlapping. The pain sensation was recorded by visual analogue scale (VAS). Complete clearance was defined as complete absence of erythematous, smooth-faced, 'wet'-looking patches or erosions. Patients were requested to attend a regular follow-up once a year. The outcome was further assessed by patient's global assessment (PGA). Results: In all patients a complete re-epithelialization could be achieved within 2–3 weeks. During follow-up between 3 months and 30 months (mean 12.1 ± 7.2 months), a complete and stable clearing was achieved in 20 patients (100%). There were no severe adverse effects. With topical anaesthetic cream the VAS was very low (mean 1.5 ± 4.1 mm for 18 patients and 22 treatments). All but three patients were 'completely satisfied' with the procedure and the outcome; three were 'satisfied'. Conclusions: Ablative erbium:YAG laser therapy is a safe, effective and minimally invasive treatment option in chronic inflammatory non-cicatricial balanitis/balanoposthitis.


This is a reply to the comment by Levin & Rottenstreich (1) on our recently published study Plasma progesterone, estradiol, and unconjugated estriol concentrations in twin pregnancies: Relation to cervical length and preterm delivery (2). We would like to thank the authors for showing interest in our research. Our study examined the association between plasma hormone concentrations, cervical length and preterm delivery in twin pregnancies. We also investigated the effect of vaginal progesterone treatment on plasma hormone concentrations. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.


Objective. To measure serum concentration and analyze the expression of interleukin 18 (IL-18) mRNA in mononuclear cells of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Methods. IL-18 concentrations in sera and culture supernatants of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from healthy controls and patients with active SLE were measured by ELISA. PBMC and polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) purified from patients with active SLE were stimulated with phytohemagglutinin (PHA), pokeweed mitogen (PWM), and lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Expression of IL-18 mRNA in cells was analyzed by RT-PCR. Results. Serum IL-18 levels were significantly higher in SLE patients than in controls, and correlated with disease activity in SLE patients (r2 = 0.602). Two patients receiving intravenous methylprednisolone therapy (1.0 g/day for 3 days) showed profound decreases in serum IL-18 levels after therapy. The quiescent PBMC from SLE patients (30/30) expressed IL-18 transcript more frequently than control PBMC (20/30). PBMC from SLE patients produced more IL-18 than control PBMC after 72 hours of incubation, by RT-PCR. PHA and PWM inhibited the production of IL-18 in PBMC from both SLE patients and controls. Inhibition by PWM was more pronounced than that by PHA, especially in SLE-PBMC. Control and SLE-PMN with or without LPS stimulation produced negligible IL-18. Conclusion. IL-18 is involved in the autoimmune derangement of leukocyte function in patients with active SLE.


Electronic properties of the antiferromagnetic Kondo compound UCu 5 Al have been investigated through magnetic susceptibility, magnetization, specific heat, electrical resistivity, magnetoresistance, and Hall coefficient measurements on single-crystal and polycrystalline samples. UCU 5 Al orders antiferromagnetically below 16 K and shows a large magnetocrystalline anisotropy. In the paramagnetic state, pronounced incoherent Kondo interactions and crystal field effects are observed. At low temperatures, in spite of the lack of coherence. UCu 5 Al exhibits some characteristic properties of heavy-fermion systems, namely, an enhanced susceptibility, and enhanced electronic specific heat coefficient, revealing an enhanced effective electron mass. The specific heat and transport properties evidence a competition between the Kondo effect and the Ruderman-Kittel-Kasuya-Yosida interactions. This feature, together with the frustration of the magnetic interactions originating from atomic disorder appear to be important for the development of the heavy-fermion state in UCu 5 Al.


The purpose of this project is to help users especially student and teacher to record reading material. This system will make the record reading more enjoyable and interesting. Usually NILAM program in school is carried out by manual and they only use books to record their record reading.Problem occurs when book are damage or lost but with this system all this problem will no more. This system build using database life cycle model to make it easier for designer.Users have to register first to use this system to avoid from unauthorized user from using this system. This system also provides a backup and recovery for database.Only admin or staff can do backup and recovery action. With this system, hopefully it can encourage the society to interest in reading.


A high performance liquid chromatographic method was developed for the quantitative analysis of organic acids in dairy products. A reverse-phase C8 column at room temperature, a mobile phase of 0.5% w/v buffer ((NH4)2HPO4 at pH 2.24 with H3, PO4)-0.4% v/v acetonitrile, UV detection at 214 nm and 1.2 mL/min flow rate were utilized. Formic, acetic, pyruvic, propionic, uric, orotic, citric, lactic and butyric acids were quantitated for raw milk, yogurt, Blue, Provolone, Port Salut and Quartirolo cheeses. Recoveries greater than 85.3% were observed for all acids.


Author Note: Most authors are undergraduate Systems Engineering seniors at GMU. Dr. Donohue was the faculty advisor and sponsor from the Center for Air Transportation Systems Research. The students acknowledge the sponsorship of CATSR and the support from faculty and the teaching assistants for this capstone senior design project. Abstract: Due to the unprecedented impact of COVID-19, airlines and airports have suffered major losses in revenue and trust from passengers. The FAA has published the "Runway to Recovery" as a guideline for the response to COVID-19 but has not set standards for how they should be implemented. A Decision Support System (DSS) has been designed to provide a cost-benefit analysis of defense measures against infectious disease. The DSS follows a Swiss cheese model of statistically independent defensive layers, such as temperature scans and social distancing, to mitigate the risk of infection by reducing the chance of a single layer failure. The DSS conducts a simulation which has the capability to vary a range of parameters which affect the disease and the defensive measures. By allowing the flexibility to modify these parameters, the DSS provides the capability to serve as a framework not only for COVID-19, but also for future diseases.


In 1982, Frank Rigler challenged limnologists and fisheries biologists to address gaps in theory, experimental research, and management practices that have limited the advancement of both fields. We followed up on Rigler's con- cerns using a literature study to determine the objectives and methodologies of studies across a range of subdisciplines within aquatic science. We surveyed both recent and historical literature from five leading journals that range in emphasis to include a broad array of subjects in aquatic science. Literature from 1982 was compared with recent publications to de- termine how communication and integration within aquatic science has changed. We found limited changes in the breadth of coverage provided by any journal. We further analyzed contemporary literature according to subject matter, methods of analysis, location of the research, and scale of study. We used correspondence analysis to identify the differences and asso- ciations across these fields and to uncover those particular research areas that have more clearly bridged some of these gaps previously identified. Our findings indicate that there are still clear divisions within modern aquatic science literature and that the journals considered typically show specific emphasis in the types of questions posed, methods of analysis, and the geographic representation of authors. Resume´ : En 1982, Frank Rigler avait mis les limnologistes et les biologistes des peches au defi de s'attaquer aux lacunes dans la theorie, la recherche experimentale et les pratiques de gestion qui freinaient le progres dans leur domaine. Nous nous sommes interessesaces preoccupations de Rigler et avons entrepris une etude de la litterature afin de determiner les objectifs et les methodologies des travaux dans une gamme etendue de sous-disciplines au sein des sciences aquatiques. Afin de couvrir un vaste eventail de sujets, nous avons inventorietant la litterature recente que passee dans cinq revues d'importance majeure qui presentent des perspectives differentes. Nous avons compareles publications de 1982 aux pro- ductions recentes pour evaluer les changements dans la communication et l'integration dans les sciences aquatiques. Dans toutes les revues, il y a peu de changements dans la largeur de perspective de la couverture assuree. Nous avons ensuite analysela litterature actuelle en fonction du sujet de la recherche, des methodes d'analyse, du lieu du travail et de l'echelle de l'etude. Une analyse des correspondances a servi aidentifier les differences et les associations au sein de ces domaines et de mettre en evidence les secteurs particuliers de recherche qui ont le plus combleles lacunes precedemment identifiees. Nos observations indiquent qu'il existe encore des divisions nettes dans la litterature moderne des sciences aquatiques et que les revues examinees presentent des caracteristiques particulieres en ce qui a trait aux questions qu'elle posent, leurs methodes d'analyse et l'origine geographique de leurs auteurs. (Traduit par la Redaction)


The understanding of the physiological basis of basic functions of brains requires detailed information about the functional structures of neuronal networks. Feedback loops are crucial dynamic motifs playing a pivotal role in the regulation and control of many important physiological and biochemical processes such as gene transcription, signal transduction, and metabolism (intracellular processes), and neuronal coding and decoding (intercellular processes). In the study, we focus on investigating a prerequisite for generating the synchronizations in spike neural networks and also a crucial structure for inducing the most robust synchronized network behaviors. Based on simulations for synthetic spiking neuronal network models, it is shown that only the networks with positive feedback loop (PFL) motifs can arrive at synchronizations under a variety of initial states. Importantly, coupled direct and indirect PFL motifs induce most robust synchronized bursting behaviors, which are one of the most remarkable characteristics of biological neuronal networks. This result may infer a crucial structural module for designing both in vitro and in vivo neuronal networks.


A well-known fact regarding the distributional properties of stock market returns is that they are fat-tailed. Evidence is provided in this paper of further interesting properties relating to a simple decomposition of returns.


The article is devoted to the study of the influence of the diamond component in a composite superhard material based on wurtzite boron nitride on the stability of the tool during turning of hardened steels in the mode of smooth turning and when processing intermittent surfaces. The aim of the work is to study the influence of the content of the diamond component in the composite superhard material based on wurtzite boron nitride on the stability of the tool. Based on the analysis of the main patterns of changes in the coefficient of friction depending on various factors, the evaluation of composites containing diamonds of different dispersion in comparison with other materials of this class. The results of the study of the technical level of composite polycrystalline superhard materials based on wurtzite boron nitride of different composition and determination of the efficiency of their use as a cutting tool in the machining of hardened steels are presented. The intensity of wear of composites in the cutting tool during processing of hardened steels is experimentally determined. It is established that the presence of a diamond component in the composite significantly affects the stability of the tool in the conditions of smooth turning due to heat dissipation in contact with the processed material. In the processing of hardened steels with the presence of shock loads, the phase state of the matrix component of the composite plays a decisive role. The obtained research results make it possible to determine the optimal composition and conditions for obtaining a composite material of the system "boron nitride – diamond", which provides the most effective application of the cutting tool in practice.


The paper studies the important role played by the party building in college students to promote the ideological education to them, it points out that the process of cultivating party members is the process of ideological education. In order to enhance the work of ideological education, the party building's promoting function should be brought into full play.


Polymer composites are multifunctional materials in which at least one of its components, either a filler or a matrix, is polymeric. In the present work, by polymer composites we mean composites that consist of a polymeric matrix filled with an electrically conductive or a magnetic filler. Special attention is paid to hybrid composites, which consist of magnetic and conductive fillers embedded in a polymer matrix. By changing the concentration, shape, and size of a filler, as well as the microstructure of the composite, one can vary the electric, dielectric, and magnetic properties of the material. An increase in the concentration of the filler allows one to vary the permittivity and permeability of the composite. However, the filler concentration cannot be increased above a certain packing limitation, which practically does not allow one to prepare composites with more than 60 vol. % of filler concentration. In composites with a conductive filler, a sudden change in the electrical properties is reached above percolation threshold, while in magnetic composites, where permeability does not exhibit such a strong percolation behaviour, it is necessary to reach the permissible maximum loading. There are several ways to improve the magnetic properties of composites. One of such ways is the design of hybrid polymer composites (HC) with core-shell like structure, where core is a ferromagnetic particle surrounded by a conductive shell. There are basically two ways of formation of such a structure. In the first case, the core-shell structure is produced by embedding magnetic particles into a conductive medium formed by a continuous network of conducting particles that span throughout the polymer matrix. In the second case, magnetic particles are encapsulated by nanolayers of conducting polymers, such as polyaniline or polypyrrole. In both cases, the hybrid composite is characterized by the following parameters: the effective magnetic permeability and permittivity, as well as ferromagnetic resonance frequency (fr), which all can be altered by the thickness and the conductivity of the conductive shell. Thus, by appropriately choosing either a conducting filler or the conductivity of organic coatings of magnetic particles in an HC, one can control the matching frequencies of electromagnetic wave absorbers (EWAs) in the radio-frequency range. EWAs can be based also on materials with high dielectric losses, as it is demonstrated in the case of hybrid composites with graphite particles coated with nonconducting polyaniline or exfoliated montmorillonite clay coated with conductive polypyrrole. The present thesis deals with the design of different types of hybrid polymer composites, either with high value of permeability and adjustable permittivity in the radio-frequency and microwave bands, or with high dielectric losses. These materials can be practically used for the development of electromagnetic wave absorbers.


This executive order by Governor David M. Beasley cancels the evacuation order for Jasper and Beaufort Counties only due to the threat of Hurricane Fran. Executive Order 96-23
shall remain in full force and effect as to the portions of Colleton, Charleston, Georgetown, and Horry Counties as described in Executive Order 96-23.


Child abuse is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in pediatrics. Children presenting with injuries concerning for child abuse require a thorough evaluation. A standardized guideline can result in a more complete and evidence-based evaluation for child abuse, with decreased bias and variation among health care providers (Figure 1) (1). This evaluation often includes a social services consultation, laboratory studies, and imaging depending on the child's age. This process can be stressful for both families and care providers. Effective communication between caregivers of an injured child and the health care team is essential in providing the best outcome for the child and family. The implication that a child's injury may have been inflicted rather than accidental is difficult to discuss. Obtaining bloodwork and imaging for young children is an uncomfortable and time-consuming process. Caregivers should understand the rationale for this workup and will need an explanation of the components and sequence of the evaluation. Health care providers vary greatly in their word choice, degree of explanation, and delivery of information to caregivers of children being evaluated for child abuse. This variation can produce distrust and frustration with the health care team, which could lead some families to resist proceeding with the child abuse evaluation. Our team has developed a framework of tools for optimizing communication and answering common questions to develop a therapeutic alliance with families throughout the child abuse evaluation. The discussion topics were developed based on the review of feedback, both solicited and unsolicited in the form of patient complaints, from families who have undergone a child abuse evaluation. The recommendations were developed by local consensus through an interdepartmental and multidisciplinary improvement team. If the evaluation reveals no concern for an abusive injury, we want families to know that the evaluation was important and appropriate. If concerning or definitively abusive injuries are diagnosed, we need to maintain a therapeutic relationship with families as medical care progresses to allow for the best outcome for the patient. Our global aim is to provide compassionate evidence-based care to the injured child, ensuring that inflicted injuries are identified, and all injuries are treated, while providing care that is free of racial, ethnic, and socioeconomic bias. We propose the following recommendations to guide communication with families about the child abuse evaluation. These techniques can serve as a resource for health care providers and support staff of multiple subspecialties in managing the expectations of the child's family.


Abstract Alice Walker was once on a panel of writers conducted by Tom LeClair, who asked the panel why no women wrote novels like Thomas Pynchon's Gravity's Rainbow. Walker's answer was, "Why would they want to?" Nevertheless, The Temple of My Familiar has much of the ambition of Pynchon's prodigious text and questions similar aspects of contemporary Western culture. Walker herself, on the jacket cover, calls the novel "a romance of the last 500,000 years," and if that reads a bit like a publisher's sound byte, it also has some truth to it. By the novel's end, the long-separated incarnations of spirits as old as the human race find each other in two of the central characters. If the novel, at 417 mass-market paperback pages, does not have the sheer bulk of Gravity's Rainbow, it still has much of the scope that writers like Pynchon strive for; and in its constant revision of our traditional understanding of history, Temple seems to place itself against Gravity's Rainbow as an optimistic spiritual alternative.


The task of annotating a news story with images associated with specific texts is discussed in the article. The definition of "event photography" containing specific information supplementing text of a story is introduced. Neural networks (Inception v3) are used to solve a task for a special marked collection of 4114 images using the transfer learning method. The average precision of the results is more than 94.7%.


External, internal, and government auditors increasingly use audit software to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of audits. Incorporating technology such as generalized audit software into the classroom not only exposes students to "tools of the trade," but, more importantly, also facilitates student learning of audit concepts and procedures. The purpose of this paper is to provide information on two audit software packages, ACL and IDEA, so that instructors can evaluate the appropriateness of including one or both of these packages in their courses. We compare the packages from both a functional and pedagogical perspective, describing several uses in the classroom. We also provide student and instructor feedback from package use. An accompanying web page provides numerous resources for instructors considering adopting ACL or IDEA, including exercises, exam questions, slides, review questions, and syllabi.


A useful method was demonstrated to investigate 532 nm laser energy threshold to carbonize various compounds including sumanene derivatives through in situ observation utilizing a micro-Raman spectrometer. It was revealed that the thresholds of sumanene derivatives are lower than those of the planar partial structures of sumanene derivatives. Moreover, [6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) shows a considerably lower threshold than the sumanene derivatives utilizing this method. This work can be expected to contribute toward the evolution of laser-induced carbonization-based chemistry.


A new paranthurid isopod, Paranthura santiparrai sp. nov. is described from specimens collected in the 'El Cachucho' Marine Protected Area, southern Bay of Biscay. The new species can be distinguished from all the known species of the genus Paranthura by the absence of eyes, from the native NE Atlantic species Paranthura nigropunctata and Paranthura costana by the lack of body pigmentation, antenna 1 and pereopod morphology and from the non-indigenous species Paranthura japonica (recently discovered in the Arcachon Bay) by the pleonites not fused mediodorsally. The genus Paranthura is rediagnosed to accommodate the new taxon and an identification key is provided for European species. Ecological data on the new species are presented.


Solid riveting is the most widely used joining technique in aircraft assembly, and the current key problems affecting practical application and reliable lifting are concentrated on static strength and fatigue. This paper aims to present a practical review on current practice and novel techniques of solid riveting for aircraft applications in order to obtain a thorough understanding of the underlying mechanisms of defect development to assist industrial users to find pragmatic solutions for safe life extension of components. At first, the current status of solid riveting processes is reviewed, and the key influencing factors on static/fatigue failure of riveted joints are identified. Effects of solid riveting design parameters, manufacturing parameters, residual stress, load transfer and secondary bending on static and fatigue strengths of riveted lap joints are discussed, followed by a review of the state-of-the-art solutions that deal with static/fatigue failures. Furthermore the new development in solid riveting techniques, including the use of different materials and riveting processes, is addressed. Finally, future research perspective and applications industrial riveting is presented.


The security of the multimedia file is one of the central concerns in this era of online trade and communication. This paper proposes an algorithm for the robustness of authenticity of digital image against various attacks through embedding and extracting watermarking into image. Using DWT-SVD technique, the RGB colors are separated from both cover and watermark image. For watermarking process, a threshold values from R planes of the watermark image is integrated into R channel of the cover image. The experimental result shows that this method has better robustness against known attacks.


The making of a trainee resident into a competent surgeon is challenging. The Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education in the United States mandates six core competencies for residents in training patient care, medical knowledge, practice‐based learning and improvement, interpersonal and communication skills, professionalism, and systems‐based practice.[1] Although surgical competence is just one part of the vast skill set an ophthalmology resident is expected to acquire, it is unarguably the most important attribute that has a direct impact on patient outcome.


Alternaria leaf blight, caused by the fungus Alternaria dauci, is the most damaging foliar disease of carrot. Some carrot genotypes exhibit partial resistance to this pathogen and resistance Quantitative Trait Loci (rQTL) have been identified. Co-localization of metabolic QTL and rQTL identified camphene, α-pinene, α-bisabolene, β-cubebene, caryophyllene, germacrene D and α-humulene as terpenes potentially involved in carrot resistance against ALB. By combining genomic and transcriptomic analyses, we identified, under the co-localization regions, terpene-related genes which are differentially expressed between a resistant and a susceptible carrot genotype. These genes include five terpene synthases and twenty transcription factors. In addition, significant mycelial growth inhibition was observed in the presence of α-humulene and caryophyllene.


We propose a method to estimate 3D human poses from substantially blurred images. The key idea is to tackle the inverse problem of image deblurring by modeling the forward problem with a 3D human model, a texture map, and a sequence of poses to describe human motion. The blurring process is then modeled by a temporal image aggregation step. Using a differentiable renderer, we can solve the inverse problem by backpropagating the pixel-wise reprojection error to recover the best human motion representation that explains a single or multiple input images. Since the image reconstruction loss alone is insufficient, we present additional regularization terms. To the best of our knowledge, we present the first method to tackle this problem. Our method consistently outperforms other methods on significantly blurry inputs since they lack one or multiple key functionalities that our method unifies, i.e. image deblurring with sub-frame accuracy and explicit 3D modeling of non-rigid human motion.


Available 2-D mesh models, whether uniform or adaptive, preserve neighboring relationships between the patches (connectivity) everywhere within the frame, which is clearly not suitable across motion and occlusion boundaries. To this effect, this paper proposes an occlusion-adaptive, content-based mesh design and forward tracking algorithm, where no node points are placed within the background to be covered (BTBC), and node points along the boundary of the uncovered background (UB) are allowed to split. Furthermore, the mesh is refined within the UB region at every frame. Experimental results show successful motion compensation and tracking.


To examine the costs and effects of alternative treatments for End-Stage Renal Disease (ESRD), we constructed a simulation model which estimates patient survival and lifetime cost for those with ESRD. The model, written in the INS simulation language, considers home and center hemodialysis as well as live related and cadaver donor transplantation. After the model was validated, the cost per life year gained for each therapy was computed. Center hemodialysis was found to have the poorest cost-effectiveness and shifts from center hemodialysis could save society up to $284 million annually. We conclude that the model may be very helpful in designing cost-effective care for End-Stage Renal Disease.


The oil extraction and biodiesel preparation from Karanja oil have different available methods namely acid catalyzed trans-esterification, acid catalyzed two-step and three-step method etc. The available methods are studied for biodiesel preparation from Karanja oil. The biodiesel conversion by ester ification reaction may contain some moisture which may causes to slowdown the reaction rate and affects on the quality of biodiesel by making emulsion. The adsorption technique by using powder form of silica gal has been used in the reactor to improve the reaction rate. The data has been collected at the time of silica gel dosing and the amount of silica gel dosed for every reaction to optimize it. The optimum dosing condition were recorded by selecting the best dosing properties of biodiesel like specific gravity, free fatty acid (FFA) and viscosity etc. The properties of biodiesel namely specific gravity, viscosity, lower calorific value, cetane number, FFA, fla sh point, pour point, cloud point, iodine value and saponification value etc. have been c arried out at optimum reaction condition. The fuel properties has been tested to meet the ASTM standards and compared with the conventional diesel fuel and standard biodiesel.


Nowdays, usually the start ing point of every analysis regarding international relations begins with .reference to t h e demise of communist regime in Soviet Union and the end of bipolar system. This seems to be logical approach since the year 1991 could be considered as the end of an era in the international relations. The end of cold war and downfall of Soviet System liberated those elements which previously and due to military and ideological competition between the two super powers were left dormant. With the end of Bi-polar system even the old casts of thinking were shattered and a new way of thinking along new theories such as "globalisation" came into existance.


The developments leading up to the introduction of the UN EEC Regulation 13 antilock requirements in UK law are described. Further adaptation and application to motorcycles are discussed. For the covering abstract of the conference see IRRD 286634. (TRRL)


a single subject, a 540 bed research hospital, and 1420 laboratories. NIH employs 14 000 people at Bethesda and its field stations; 2300 have doctoral degrees and 1000 are physicians. And yet most of the research funded by the institutes is not done on the campus at all: NIH spent only about 11% ofits 1985 budget of$5121m on directed research, that which tends to be done on the campus.' More than 70% was spent on grants to outside research-ers, some of it going to


Aims: In patients with infective endocarditis, with risk of embolization, early identification of parenchymal changes may suggest the risk of splenic rupture. Presentation of Case: A 68-year-old male presented with a history of 2 months of fever and also left upper quadrant pain initiated 2 days before admission. Transesophageal echocardiogram demonstrated the presence of two mobile vegetations on the ventricular side of the aortic valve; the largest diameter being 2.1 cm. Enterococcus faecalis was isolated in blood culture after a diagnosis of subacute aortic valve infective endocarditis. He complained of abdominal pain. An abdominal computed tomography scan revealed infarction of the upper region of the spleen (septic embolism). Therapy with penicillin and gentamicin was initiated, but the patient developed symptoms of heart failure that led to a surgical treatment, and aortic bioprosthesis was implanted on day 14. On day 5 postoperatively, the patient developed sudden hemorrhagic shock signs due Case Study to splenic rupture and underwent emergency splenectomy. A pathological examination revealed areas of splenic laceration of the capsule, splenic infarction areas, and the absence of abscesses. Splenic rupture is a complication much rarely occurring due to infectious endocarditis caused by E. faecalis . Conclusion: This case highlights the importance of conducting serial imaging, particularly in symptomatic patients, for the early detection of parenchymal changes that may suggest the risk of rupture.


The article deals with Ivan Chendey`s story "Skazka belogo ineya" (The fairystory of white hoar-frost) in
the aspect of its peculiarity of genre and style. Ascertained in the paper is the attention on high lyricism of narration, specifi c
artist research of associative phsychological connections as the foundation of character`s inner monologue – rural worker
Vasylyny.
Key words: lyricism, lyric associative story, "mechanism" of memory; author`s individual perception of the world.


— The effect of fixation with eight different fixatives on histochemical demonstration of carbohydrates in EDTA demineralized, paraffin sections of the rat jaw was investigated. The degree of preservation of carbohydrates was assessed by staining with PAS, toluidine blue 0, alcian blue and aldehyde fuchsin. Morphologic and cytologic preservation was evaluated from hematoxylin-eosin and toluidine blue 0 stained sections. Best results were obtained with cetylpyridinium chloride-formalin, but also formol-calcium and 10% neutral buffered acrolein gave good results, slightly better than lead nitrate-formalin. Among aldehydic fixatives, only acetic acid-alcohol-formalin gave inferior results. Non-aldehydic fixatives, aminoacridine-ethanol, lead subacetate-alcohol-acetic acid and Newcomer's isopropanol fixative were useless in combination with EDTA demineralization and paraffin embedding.


The reliability analysis was performed for the related failures using the Copula theory,selecting the Gumbel Copula function in the Archimedes function group as the linking function of the CNC machine tool to establish the relationship between the complete machine and its subsystems.The parameters of Copula function were estimated by the genetic algorithm.Comparing with the series model,the failure analysis based on the Copula theory is more accurate.


This paper will explore the various forms of local development, from initiatives undertaken especially in Colombian countryside and implemented from different agencies like the State, citizens and private enterprise, which has allowed the improvement in the living conditions of the stricken populations by armed conflict and have laid the foundation of the first steps toward a post-conflict phase in Colombia's countryside recovery and social cohesion.


The Adûnaic (or Númenórean) language was spoken by the Dúnedain, i.e. the Númenoreans, who were "half-elven" humans in the world of Middle-Earth, created by John Ronald Reuel Tolkien (1892–1973). Their language contains numerous elements of Elvish origin. Exact lexical correspondences between Adûnaic and Elvish languages (especially Quenya and Sindarin) seem to suggest that according to Tolkien's idea the Adûnaic language represented a member of the Elvish language family in the linguistic world of Middle-Earth.


Nomenclature A = attitude matrix a = tether attachment point on the bodywith respect to its center of mass, m c = tether damping coefficient, N ⋅ s ∕m F = force vector components, N F x = reference frame x Jzz = moment of inertia, kg ⋅m k ΔL = tether stiffness as a function of tether stretch,N∕m L, ΔL, L0 = tether length vector components, stretch, and nominal length, m m = mass, kg r = position vector components, m θ = angle, deg ω = angular rate vector components, deg ∕s


The original design of the 333"W"type radiant tube burners of Baosteel's 1550 cold rolling continuous annealing unit is lack of monitoring and warning function in gas combustion safety system,which results that the gas combustion abnormality of radiant tube burners couldn't be found in time.So the radiant tubes at the same region and same column in the continuous annealing furnace are treated as a control and analysis unit,and a new thermocouple is added at each radiant tube burner outlet flue gas branch pipe of the analysis unit to detect radiant tube combustion gas temperature,then a radiation pipe burning gas warning system is established.Through the L0,L1 and L2 level hierarchical structure network design,the gas combustion early warning function of annealing furnace radiant tubes is realized.The system is stable and accurate for the judgment of gas combustion fault diagnosis in the production applications.The accuracy of prediction is above 99%.


An appropriate control chart for practical observations should be designed from optimal parameters. In this research, the main objectives are to estimate the optimal smoothing parameter of the EWMA control chart and fractional differencing parameter to evaluate the Average Run Length (ARL) and compare among analytical EWMA ARL, numerical EWMA ARL, and analytical CUSUM ARL. Also, the analytical EWMA ARL is derived and numerical EWMA ARL is evaluated and illustrated. The time intervals in days between explosions in mines in Great Britain during 1875 to 1951 are an example of practical observations of a long memory ARFIMA process with exponential white noise. The findings showed that the method for evaluating analytical EWMA ARL is an alternative for measurement of the efficiency of the EWMA control chart due to the good performance. ______________________________ as follows: first-order Autoregressive model white error following exponential white noise was tested by Hocine Fellag (2001). The size of the test is concentrated when the exponential white error occurs by varying the size of the test. The test is sensitive to the varied size of the test. Statistics for testing normal and exponential distributions estimated by Monte Carlo simulations of reliability data were presented by Duan and Chen (1983). Test statistics: Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Cramer-von Mises, and Anderson-Darling, for testing exponential data were presented by Diane et al. (2008). The parameter of exponential distribution was estimated by the maximum likelihood method. Furthermore, a simpler testing statistic for the white noise process was constructed by Lobato and Velasco (2004). Practical observations with white noise, which forms the ARMA process, was applied to the test for residual


Today, there is an objective need to study foreign economic activity in terms of developing methodological approaches to assessing its effectiveness, especially export-import operations, which are its basis. The existing system of traditional indicators of economic analysis, the basis for calculating, which is the financial statements of the enterprise, gives an incomplete understanding of the activities of the enterprise to increase the efficiency of management. The first step in analyzing the problem of the study is to consider the economic category "export potential". Historically, the first is the resource concept of potential formation, originating from macroeconomic theory, which focuses on the transformation of resources within the economic system. The next step is an effective concept. The concept of the export potential of the enterprise is quite complex, since it combines the interpretation of such economic categories as «competitive potential», «production potential», «potential of export activity», as well as «financial potential». In its study, it will be necessary to proceed from the fact that the export potential of the enterprise is a set of available resources and opportunities to produce competitive products, its implementation and maintenance and foreign markets both in the short and long term. These factors have a significant impact on the competitiveness of the enterprise, its ability to produce goods in specified volumes. To assess the export potential, methods of sum of all warehouses of exports of the enterprise and the "system of eight indicators" were proposed, including: efficiency of export products production, share of profit from export of products in the total volume of profits of the enterprise, profitability of export sales, share of exports in the total volume of sales of the enterprise' products, competitiveness of the manufacturer, share of products certified according to international standards, share of innovations products, the share of products sent to foreign countries. According to the first approach, quantitative assessment of export potential (EP) is defined as the sum of all ingredients of the company's exports in value terms.


Purpose- Access to suitable production means is required for producers to improve their profitability. As a result, agricultural financing appears to be a critical tool for attaining this goal. Various programs and donors have been attempting for decades to put together initiatives that would make it easier for the most disadvantaged populations, including the primarily agricultural rural world, to access sources of financing. Due to poor performance, the majority of these programs have failed. This study aims to investigate the determinants of credit access and how loans affect rice farm profitability.
Methodology - Data for this study were collected from 102 producers living in the two biggest paddy production zones in southern Togo. The treatment effect model was used to examine the data collected through the survey investigation.
Findings- Gender, asset type, producer experience, access to credit information, primary occupation, and land ownership status of the producer are all factors in determining rice growers' access to credit. Gender, producer experience, access to credit information, and land ownership status all have a beneficial impact on credit availability. However, asset type and the producer's main occupation have a negative impact. It also demonstrates that whether rice farms have access to loans has little bearing on their profitability. On the other hand, the average treatment impact of credit access is statistically significant. It also shows that the farmer's degree of education, expertise in the field, and lastly, the size of rice field farmed are the most important elements affecting the profitability of rice fields.
Conclusion- The findings have policy implications, increasing the channels for disseminating credible information about funding sources, access procedures and the institutions in charge of these funding sources. Integrating the enhancement of farmers' educational levels into rural support initiatives, and the extension of major agricultural landscaping works undertaken by the government to other areas suitable for rice cultivation.

Keywords: Agricultural credit, rice production, Probit-2SLS model, Togo.
JEL Codes: C26, D14, Q14


Carbon assimilation is often increased by CO{sub 2} enrichment, but the response of dark respiration and carbohydrate metabolism to elevated CO{sub 2} is less well documented. The authors examined the diurnal response of these two processes in yellow-poplar (Liriodendron tulipifera L.) and white oak (Quercus alba L.) seedling exposed to CO{sub 2} enrichment under field conditions. One-year-old seedlings of yellow-poplar and white oak were grown in open-top chambers and exposed to ambient, +150 {mu}mol mol{sup {minus}1}, or +300 {mu}mol mol{sup {minus}1} CO{sub 2} concentrations. After 24 weeks, mature leaves of yellow-poplar and white oak seedlings grown at high CO{sub 2} showed a 37% and 52% reduction in nighttime respiration, respectively. Morning starch levels for yellow-poplar and white oak grown at +300 {mu}mol mol{sup {minus}1} increased 72% and 40%, respectively, compared to ambient-grown plants. Yellow-poplar and white oak seedlings grown at high CO{sub 2} contained 17% and 27% less morning sucrose, respectively than did plants grown at ambient CO{sub 2} concentration. Starch accumulation and the subsequent depletion of sucrose for plants grown under CO{sub 2} enrichment, resulted in a pronounced rise in the starch/sucrose ratio with increasing CO{sub 2} concentration. The diurnal pattern of dark respiration suggested that a relationship withmore » carbohydrate status might exist.« less


We reexamine the $\omega \to \pi^{0} \pi^{0} \gamma $ decay, adding the effect of $\omega-\rho$ mixing to the amplitude calculated with the aid of chiral perturbation theory and vector meson dominance. We predict the neutral decay to occur with a width of $\Gamma($\omega \to \pi^{0} \pi^{0} \gamma $) =(390\pm96) {\rm eV}$ and also analyze the effect of the $\omega-\rho$ mixing on the $\Gamma($\omega \to \pi^{0} \pi^{0} \gamma $)/ \Gamma($\omega \to \pi^{+} \pi^{-} \gamma $)$ ratio. Several remarks on the effect of $\omega-\rho$ mixing on certain radiative decays of vector mesons are presented.


Paclitaxel,the first of the taxanes,has clinically exhibited unique and encouraging wide-spectral activities against various carcinomas.This paper reviewed the investigations of paclitaxel and its analogues in regard with the chemical synthesis as well as the structure-activity relationship.


In addition to a clinical role many occupational therapists must assume the role of fieldwork supervisor. A review of the literature indicated that continuing education courses should be available to prepare therapists for this role. A course that was developed to meet the needs of occupational therapists in British Columbia is outlined. The outcome of the three phase approach to course evaluation — pretest-posttest, end-of-course questionnaire and 12 month follow up questionnaire — is discussed. The results of the questionnaires were analysed to determine therapists' (a) preferences for instructional format, materials and scheduling, (b) reasons for participation, (c) use of course material after the course, (d) perceptions of course value, and (e) recommendations for future courses. Eight recommendations for the provision of preparatory courses for fieldwork supervisors are noted.


The"A(B)"in the pattern"A dou都A(B)"of Xiantao dialect can be a verb, adjective,preposition,adverb,numeral,or pronoun.There are two forms for this pattern, namely"A dou都A(B) da哒"and"A dou都laizai来在/zaidi在地A(B)".The patterns express a subjective emphasis,an accomplished action or a contrast.Dou都is the contrastive focus marker and"A(B)"is the core of expression and focus of information.


Taking into consideration the apparently hopeless tangle in which the ripplemark and submarine erosion questions had become involved, I submitted to the Devonshire Association in July last a paper entitled "The Ripplemark Controversy," in which I attempted to bequeath the subject to posterity in such a form that anyone interested in the enquiry could pick it up where it had been dropped. It was, at any rate, my own farewell, or was so intended to be.


Dr. Dibden finally said that Dr. Cramond had wisely emphasized that, in the consideration of the homceostasts of any patient, due regard must be given not only to the patients and to the psychological implications of disease for them, but also to the meaning of the disease to the relatives and to the doctor. He wished to refer only to the latter; for it was out of the frustrations of failure and the tension and anxiety generated thereby in the doctor, that iatrogenic diseases might arise. As Dr. Cramond had said, "when the doctor is unable to interpret correctly the patient's symptoms, when he cannot label the disease other than functional, breakdown of communication between doctor and patient occurs". That, then, was an added threat to the patient, and might well lead to an enhancement and a fixation of the symptom complex. It was only when the doctor could see the patient as a whole entire being, deeply involved in a biological and a psycho-social equilibrium, that his diagnosis could be accurate and his treatment effective.


The reaction for decomposing a fluorine compound, comprising alumina and an alkaline earth metal compound; method for decomposing fluorine compounds, comprising the reaction agent and the fluorine compound into contact at a temperature of 200 ℃ or more; and for the manufacture of a semiconductor the method of the device, including the use of etching or cleaning and decompose the reactants performed.


Abstract The correlation between theoretical and experimental modal models can be quantified by the Modal Assurance Criterion, which has also been used for rotor systems. However, the conclusions drawn from the Modal Assurance Criterion may not be valid for non-symmetric systems since the underlying orthogonality relations are violated. Therefore, a Rotor Correlation Criterion is proposed, which incorporates right and left eigenvectors, eigenvalues, and mass and stiffness matrices. Applications of model correlation for test data assessment, sensor placement, mode pairing, and model updating are discussed in the context of rotors. For two numerical examples, the modified correlation approach is compared to the Modal Assurance Criterion. Considering the availability of experimentally determined left eigenvectors, these examples deal with a damped rotor under special support conditions and a purely gyroscopic rotor under more general conditions.


The wrist angle in X-ray pictures of the hand in 47 children, aged 6-16 years, treated for bone growth disorders, was evaluated. The obtained results were compared with the wrist angle in normal children. The increase of the wrist angle was observed in deformations: dwarfism, gargoylism and dysplasia multiplex, and the decrease of this angle in the Turner syndrome. The range of passive and active movements of the wrist was evaluated. Passive and active mobility of the wrist (especially the radial and the ulnar deviations) was smaller in the cases of increased wrist angle.


Examination of faecal material by Kato Katz (KK) technique is a widely used approach for the diagnosis of intestinal schistosomiasis, particularly in epidemiological surveys. However, this technique lacks diagnostic sensitivity in individuals with low infection intensity or in low endemic areas. In the total population (TP) of 1265 individuals prevalence and infection intensity were established by examining two KK slides. A representative subset of 305 individuals, denominated experimental group (EG), was defined to assess the comparative advantage of an increased sampling effort using the KK technique. In addition stools of the participants of the EG were examined by the formol ether centrifugation technique. The proportion of all positive stool examinations detected by both methods among the experimental group served as reference value for prevalence (diagnostic 'gold' standard). Prevalence of schistosomiasis among TP based on two KK slides was 12.5%. Prevalence among the EG varied from 13.8%, based on one KK slide, over 27.2 based on 10 KK slides of three stool samples to 35.4% as value for the diagnostic 'gold' standard. The comparison of values for prevalence, stratified by age, revealed significant elevated numbers for all age groups, and interestingly, an extension of the highest prevalence levels until an age of 50 years. The overall infection intensity in eggs per gram (epg), calculated as geometric mean, was 83 epg for the TP based on one KK slide, 78 epg for the GE based on one KK slide and 28 epg based on 10 KK slides of three stool samples. In summary our data demonstrate that control programmes based on the examination of a single KK slide, as it is the case in Brazil, tend to underestimate significantly the prevalence and overestimate infection intensity. This applies especially for low endemic areas, where the efficacy and cost-effectiveness of such programmes become questionable. Our data also indicate that the possible solution of this problem lies in targeted mass treatment including age groups with the highest proportions of those infected. This will her w r a i o K give high sensitivity toget


This study estimates the economic costs of Recovery Management Checkups for Women Offenders (RMC-WO), highlighting the unique mix of services across two phases of the intervention. Participants were randomly assigned to quarterly outcome monitoring (OM) only (n = 242) or OM plus Recovery Management Checkups (OM-plus-RMC) (n = 238). The total annual economic cost of OM only was $76,010, which translates to $81 quarterly per person. OM-plus-RMC generates a total annual economic cost of $126,717, or $137 quarterly per person. The clinical, economic, and policy implications of incorporating RMC-WO into existing corrections and/or community-based treatment settings are discussed.


ObjectiveTo investigate expression of transforming growth factor-β_1(TGF-β_1),Smad4 and Smad7 in kidney tissiue of diabetic rats. MethodsHealthy male Wistar rats were divided into two groups randomly,normal control group and strepotozocin induced diabetic rats group(12 rats in each group).The rats were sacrificed after drug administration for eight weeks.Mean arterial pressure,plasma glucose,kidney function,24 h urinary protein were observed.The level of TGF-β_1,Smad4 and Smad7mRNA were examined by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR). The localization TGF-β_1, Smad4 and Smad7 protein were examined by immunohistochemistry staining. ResultsCompared to normal control group, mean arterial pressure,plasma glucose,kidney function,24 h urinary protein were significantly increased in diabetic rats group. The levels of TGF-β_1 and Smad4,Smad7mRNA were up-regulated as well as the expression of TGF-β_1 and Smad4,Smad7 protein. ConclusionTGF-β/Smad signaling is activated in diabetic nephrology.


The study aims at evaluating by simulation the impact of voids on the mechanical behaviour of a BGA solder joint. The Finite Element (FE) method is adapted to achieve such a task where an infinite number of different void distributions is possible. The modelling process involves a global calculation of a thermal load and a refined sub model. The global model represents a quarter of an electronic package soldered to a piece of PCB while the submodel is limited to a single ball with coper pads and defects under investigation i.e. intermetallic compounds (IMC) and voids. Creep properties are taken into account to model mechanical response of the lead-free solder SAC 305. The simulation of a thermal cycle is performed on the global model with only elastic properties. The nodal displacements are extracted from the results to be applied to the submodel's mesh. True viscoplastic mechanical behaviour is simulated in this refined model to get the RoHS solder material response with respect to different defects' considerations. The void distribution is handled with 4 parameters driving the height and thickness of the layer of apparition, the size and the proximity of voids. Simulating the effects of these parameters can afford to sort them for future reliability assessments via Finite Element methods.


For nearly all the states dissociating below the ionic limit [i.e., Rb (5s, 5p, 4d, 6s, 6p, 5d, 7s, and 4f)+H (1s)] in 1 Σ + and 3 Σ + symmetries, we present an adiabatic and diabatic study. Adiabatic results are also reported for 1 ∏, 3 ∏, 1 Δ, and 3 Δ symmetries. The ab initio calculations rely on pseudopotential, operatorial core-valence correlation, and full valence configuration-interaction approaches, combined to an efficient diabatization procedure. For the low-lying states, our vibrational level spacings and spectroscopic constants are in good agreement with the available experimental data. Diabatic potentials and dipole moments are analyzed, revealing the strong imprint of ionic state in the 1 Σ adiabatic states while improving the results. As for LiH, vibrational spacing of the A state is bracketed by our results, with and without the improvement, taking into account the diabatic representation. Experimental suggestions are also given.


One of the open questions in the strategic decision-making process literature is how best to promote decision comprehensiveness in turbulent environments characterized by rapid, discontinuous and u...


In the September issue of SIMULATION, under European Simulation News, you will have found a listing of Conferences the European Office is going to organise in the future. First of all, let me thank the people who have sent in letters expressing their willingness to help out. Secondly, I have to inform you about the changes that have occurred in the listing of conferences. The 1993 ESM in Spain will be rescheduled to 1994, while in 1993 the ESM will be held in Zurich, Switzerland at ETH organised by Dr. Jurgen Halin. Furthermore, we are still deliberating tabout whether we are going to hold the 1992 ESM in the United Kingdom, or in the Netherlands. I am also happy to announce a new initiative from the European Office in cooperation with the CESC (Continental European Simulation Council), which is the SIP (Simulation In Practice) Conference Workshop, to be held on a yearly basis in Vienna. This conference will be aimed at industry only and will feature only 12 invited speakers, who have to give 3 presentations each. The coordinator for this meeting will be Heinz Weigl from TU Vienna. SCS Europe is also activeely promoting cooperation with Eastern Europe and a first form of cooperation for next year is the sponsorship of the 4th North-Moravian International Symposium on Modelling and Simulation of Systems to be held in Vsetin, Czechoslovakia, May 14-16, 1991 (for further information see the Calendar of Events). This issue also contains the penultimufe installment in the SPRINT program series (I would like your reactions on this), and information about a new BEPAC report. One thing I would like to add, before closing my little chat this month, is that it


The use of technologies still under development (Silicon PhotoMultipliers and Time-to-Digital Converter) for the upgrade of our time-resolved optical mammograph highlighted the crucial need for a thorough and progressive instrument characterization (from extensive laboratory tests on phantoms to in vivo measurements), potentially of general interest. Despite satisfying results on phantoms, in vivo tests urged an instrumental change, with the adoption of a just released high-throughput TDC to obtain high-quality breast scans (much wider scan area, better day-by-day reproducibility, improved signal quality, simpler set-up). A clinical study on monitoring of neoadjuvant chemotherapy is now ongoing at the San Raffaele Hospital, Milan.


Based on defining the concept of sci-tech journal editor, this paper expounds the qualities that sci-tech journal editors should possess under the new situation, and probes into some countermeasures for improving the qualities of sci-tech journal editors.


The use of a polypyrrole (PPy) is described as an efficient extraction phase for disposable pipette extraction (DPX), in a fast and ruggedized analytical method for simultaneous determination of 18 organic micro-pollutants in water using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The DPX-blank pipettes were filled with PPy, a material produced through the chemical polymerization of PPy using iron(III) chloride hexahydrate. The optimized conditions were 5 extraction cycles with 600 μL of sample, adjusted to pH 9, and desorption with 150 μL of ethyl acetate using 7 cycles with the same aliquot. The calibration curves resulted in determination coefficient (R) higher than 0.9963, the limit of detection (LOD) ranged from 0.4 to 1.5 μg L, and the limit of quantification (LOQ) were from 1.4 to 5.0 μg L. Excellent results were obtained for repeatability (2.3 to 15%, for 5 μg L) and intermediate precision, varying the day of analyses (3.9 to 15.5%) and the pipette tip (3.4 to 22.4%). The analyte recovery ranged from 75.4 to 115.0% for river water, and from 74.9 to 116.2% for tap water, in three different levels of concentration. The DPX-GC-MS method with PPy was successfully applied to determine the 18 analytes in river and tap water from the cities of Joinville and Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil.


This report examines the actions that the states are taking to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from transportation. It investigates states' transportation policies, and how they impact transportation related greenhouse gas emissions. The report relates findings that suggest the existence of substantial potential for the states to take more action regarding this issue. The report offers recommendations to the states on methods of bettering their climate performance in a way that does not negatively impact mobility.


Nicosulfuron is an herbicide used in corn crop for controlling weeds, some hybrids are sensitivity to nicosulfuron even more when it is applied near to the application of nitrogen fertilizers. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the response of sensitive corn hybrids to association of urea and coated urea applied near to nicosulfuron application on V4 corn stage. P 3646 hybrid was the most sensitive, and urea and coated urea applied near to nicosulfuron had significant effect on corn growth for all hybrids. Most hybrids showed high or significant (p < 0.10) correlation coefficients for grain yield, cob length and row per ear. SYN 7341 hybrid was the one that showed better results in grain yield with urea and nicosulfuron combination. Coated urea should not be applied after V8corn stage when nicosulfuron is applied at V4.


The message structure is disclosed for a method of controlling a content via a network, a media renderer device, a media source device and a RTP control in accordance with the present invention. Content control method according to the present invention using the RTP (Real-Time Protocol) from a media server (Media Server) that provides a content comprising the step of sending an HTTP control command created to be providing content. The HTTP control command can use the HTTP POST command or HTTP PUT command. According to the present invention, it can support a concise real-time protocol (RTP) than by using a conventional HTTP without using an RTSP to control of the content to transmit the A / V content to the RTP.


The nano-sized ferrite magnetic particles were prepared by chemical precipitation. The properties were investigated by VSM. And the size, appearance and magnetism of Fe_3O_4 nanoparticles charaterized using TEM. The results show that the nagnetic particles have the strongest magnetic properties under the conditions of Y (0.25,)temperatare 80 ℃,heating time 120 min and the ration of surfacant n 0.6.Additionally,the average diameter of partides is about 10 nm with the almost same size.


In this paper,the traditional methods and recent researches for the extraction and separation of anthraquinones from Cemen Cassiae are reviewed,and combined with the modern technique ,the new methods are expected.