(57) Abstract: discloses an imaging and display apparatus using the optical device (312) and the optic. The optical device comprises at least a first optical element (330) and the second optical element aligned on a common axis (334) and (332). In one embodiment, each of the first and second optical elements, can operate in active or inactive, and includes a combination of an optical polymer and a liquid crystal (12). Each of the first and second optical elements are configured to transmit without substantially changing the incident light when each operating in an inactive state. However, in the active state, the optical element does not transmit without changing the incident light. When in the active state, each of the first and second optical element substantially changes the incident light.


Japanese universities experience internationalization as an individualized process by engaging in organizational reform depending on their unique needs and challenges in response to changes in student demography. There are approximately 780 universities in Japan based on the MEXT funding classifications: national universities, prefectural/municipal public universities, and private universities (Ministry of Education, Culture, Science, Sports, and Technology [MEXT], 2012), and these Japanese universities primarily admit domestic students. However, their student population by nationality alone is diversifying due to increasing short-term and degree-seeking international students' inflow into Japan (184,155 in 2014) (JASSO, 2015). Under such a change in the university student demography, the Japanese universities face challenges of assisting these international students and ensuring their academic success. Aoyama Gakuin University (AGU) is no exception to this change.The issue of a language barrier when working with international students has been prevalent at AGU since 2011 when I was appointed as a faculty member working directly with English-speaking international students in a government-funded graduate program. As the program faculty coordinator, my primary responsibility was to improve the students' academic and social experience and ensure the successful completion of their studies by designing, implementing, and evaluating international student service activities. The students spoke of their difficulties navigating AGU without Japanese language proficiency. Since part of the funding agreement between AGU and the grant agency included program evaluation, the author integrated a monitoring and evaluation strategy for programmatic change by systematically collecting and analyzing data for existing organizational challenges. Having employed Lewin's Force Field Analysis (1951) as an analytical framework, the author set out to investigate the driving and restraining forces that impact international students' challenges caused by the language barrier at the university. The goal of this study aimed at remedying international students' difficulty in accessing resources in the English-taught program. At the same time, he questioned AGU's commitment to internationalization without having a comprehensive vision on improving student services for English-speaking international students.I first examined existing literature related to the internationalization of Japanese higher education by closely looking at issues related to Japanese language as an organizational barrier for international students. International students spoke of the Japanese language as one of the major challenges for their experience in living and studying in Japan (Hiratsuka, et al, 2016). Lewin (1951) argued that driving and restraining forces exist in the defined field as his theory analyzes organizational changes by examining these forces. Altbach and Knight (2007) argued that internationalization becomes a reform strategy to respond to external forces among universities. Knight (1997) argued the internationalization of higher education is a process which drives the integration of international and intercultural dimensions into research, teaching, and services within university functions. Zha (2004) summarized a different area of issues pertaining to the internationalization of higher education including organizational aspects. Hiratsuka (2016) classified Japanese universities as Type II (Closed Natural) Organization based on Scott's organizational theory (1992) which explains that a characteristic of Type II Organizations includes internal resource coordination within organizational boundaries to meet the challenge of external realities. However, the current literature on Japanese universities' internationalization is often limited to the government policies on internationalization and higher education (Hiratsuka, 2016). Several studies pointed to organizational issues such as governance (Murasawa, et al. …


I once saw Oshii Mamoru's storyboards for the fi lm Mobile Police Patlabor 2 (Kidô keisatsu patoreibaa 2 za mûbii, 1993). I have not seen many storyboards, so I cannot say very much about them, but these were obviously drawn with great detail and subtlety. It looked as if you could make a piece of animation just by moving them. Th e same storyboards were later included on the second Patlabor Digital Library CD-ROM (1995) in a way that makes it possible to actually view the drawings moving in sequence, so now anyone can appreciate the same sensation. When I saw the drawings, I started to wonder if Oshii looks at the world as if it were like those storyboards—if he views reality as if it were animation from the start. To Oshii, animation is not necessarily just a refl ection or copy of reality; it is in itself an independent reality. For him, the world and reality itself are structured and schematized as animation. Th is is none other than a fundamental principle for watching Oshii's fi lms, and I would like to consider this issue from several angles. In general, people who do outstanding work in art and expression are Kurenai no metalsuits, "Anime to wa nani ka/ What is animation" U E N O T O S H I Y A


A point set X in the Euclidean plane is called a k-distance set if there are exactly k different distances between distinct points in X. Let g(k) denote the maximum number of points in a k-distance set. For example, it is well known that g(1) = 3, realized by the three vertices of an equilateral triangle. Erdős and Fishburn [2] introduce the problem of determining g(k). To date only six values of g(k) are known: g(1) = 3, g(2) = 5, g(3) = 7, g(4) = 9, g(5) = 12, and g(6) = 13. The first five of these were found by Erdős and Fishburn [2] and the last value was recently determined by Wei [7]. The triangular lattice is defined as follows:


Dynamic viscoelastic and shear stress properties at various shear rates ω with intermediate rest periods of various length are measured for the nematic liquid crystalline polyester [OPhCOOPh(SO 2 PhF)OCOPhO(CH 2 ) 10 ] n . Data obtained in the liquid crystalline and isotropic states are found to independently superpose when shifted along the ω axis


This is a high-concept psychological thriller combining gothic traditions with modern science. In the unusual case of a missing person, a classic tale of vengeance and obsession unfolds. It has the feel of truth, but the resonance of a mad and desperate endeavour. In thrall to the transformative power of lightning, this quest, which comes to us in the form of a meticulously ordered case file, questions the divide between magic and reason, monstrosity and humanity.

When Matt discovers the disappearance of his lover Suhail, he realises Suhail has gone in search of his brother Saeed. Suhail blames himself for a horrific childhood accident in which Saeed's face was disfigured during a lightning storm. He comes to believe that just as lightning separated them when they were young, so it can join them again, bringing them back together as one being – fused, reprogrammed and restarted. While Matt urges the police to find him, Suhail seeks a reunion with his brother that could redeem – or condemn him.


To understand the law in power according to law is the key to explaining the connotation of the law in power according to law.However,the traditional understanding of it leads to the unresolved contradictions.Can we widen our visual field to understand it? The present various theories on law indicate that the connotation and external contents of law have no fixed pattern,so it can widen the law contents of the law in power according to law.Strictly according to the constitution and law,the general affairs can be done according to the Party's regulations if there is on regulation in law.Of course,there must be a principle,that is,the Party's regulations must correspond to the constitution and law.Therefore it must emphasize the standard of the Party's regulations.


Myasthenia gravis often produces weakness of the orbicularis oculi, levator palpebral and extraocular muscles. Unilateral and isolated involvement of the orbicularis oculi muscle, with sparing of the ipsilateral facial muscles, has not been previously reported to our knowledge. The clinical history and examination of two cases of unilateral, isolated orbicularis oculi muscle weakness suggestive of myasthenia gravis are presented.


Currently, repair technology is one of the key factors in mask making process regarding TAT reduction and yield level enhancement. Since its commercial release EB repair tool has been commonly used for production line and contributed to high quality repair. But it is not guaranteed whether those conventional machines can keep up with future pattern reduction trend or not. In 2Xnm generation node some advanced exposure techniques seem to be adopted and that will inevitably require higher specification of repair machine. A simple lithography simulation predicts 5nm of indispensable repair accuracy for 2Xnm generation pattern. This number implies the necessity of upper class machine. Generally, the error budget of EB repair tool is composed of three to four components, stated another way mechanical stability, electrical (charging) uniformity, process stability, and graphical quality including software ability. If errors from those components are reduced, overall repair accuracy could be better. A suggestion which can improve those errors was issued last year from tool vender including new machine concept. We have conducted several kind of experiment in order to confirm the performance of new machine. In this paper, we will report the result of experiment and consider which part can effectively contribute to repair accuracy. And we have also evaluated its practical utility value for 2Xnm node by verifying actual application of some 3Xnm production masks.


Superconducting Y1Ba2Cu3O7−δ thin films have been fabricated in situ by on‐axis rf reactive magnetron sputtering from a single stoichiometric 1‐2‐3 target. By using high total sputtering pressures (≳400 mTorr) and low oxygen pressures (≤10 mTorr), negative ion resputtering is almost eliminated and high quality oriented films on (100)MgO are realized with excellent reproducibility. Such films display zero resistance Tc's as high as 88 K with transition widths ΔTc (90%–10%) of about 2 K, residual resistivity ratios R(300 K)/R(100 K) of 2.5, and critical current densities greater than 106 A/cm2 at 14 K.


A theoretical study of the variation of relative field amplitude with axial distance has been made for a plane and a spherical microwave zone plate with an incident plane wave front having non-uniform aperture excitation distribution. The results show a sharper focussing property for the non-uniform excitation.


Abstract. The Amazon experiences fires every year, and the resulting biomass burning aerosols, together with cloud particles, influence the penetration of sunlight through the atmosphere, increasing the ratio of diffuse to direct photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) reaching the vegetation canopy and thereby potentially increasing ecosystem productivity. In this study, we use the NASA Goddard Earth Observing System (GEOS) model running with coupled aerosol, cloud, radiation, and ecosystem modules to investigate the impact of Amazon biomass burning aerosols on ecosystem productivity, as well as the role of the Amazon's clouds in tempering the impact. The study focuses on a seven-year period (2010–2016) during which the Amazon experienced a variety of dynamic environments (e.g., La Niña, normal years, and El Niño). The radiative impacts of biomass burning aerosols on ecosystem productivity – call here the aerosol light fertilizer effect – are found to increase Amazonian Gross Primary Production (GPP) by 2.6 % via a 3.8 % increase in diffuse PAR (DFPAR) despite a 5.4 % decrease in direct PAR (DRPAR) on multiyear average. On a monthly basis, this increase in GPP can be as large as 9.9 % (occurring in August 2010). Consequently, the net primary production (NPP) in the Amazon is increased by 1.5 %, or ~92 TgCyr−1– equivalent to ~37 % of the carbon lost due to Amazon fires over the seven years considered. Clouds, however, strongly regulate the effectiveness of the aerosol light fertilizer effect. The efficiency of the fertilizer effect is highest for cloud-free conditions and linearly decreases with increasing cloud amount until the cloud fraction reaches ~0.8, at which point the aerosol-influenced light changes from being a stimulator to an inhibitor of plant growth. Nevertheless, interannual changes in the overall strength of the aerosol light fertilizer effect are primarily controlled by the large interannual changes in biomass burning aerosols rather than by changes in cloudiness during the studied period.


Vibrational frequencies and anharmonicity constants for diatomic anharmonic oscillators are obtained by model calculations based on the conventional potential function


POURPOSE: To demonstrate an improvement in paralytic lagophthalmos surgical treatment complications and aesthetic results by covering the gold weight implants with the levator palpebrae muscle aponeurosis. METHODS:We studied a case series of twenty nine patients presenting idiopatic facial palsy with more than 4 years of clinical evolution, submitted to paralytic lagophthalmos surgical treatment using a modification of the technique of gold weight implantation covered by the aponeurosis of the levator palpebrae superioris muscle (Gladstone, 1996) between June 1997 and December 2006. None had undergone previous surgical treatment. RESULTS:All patients sustained their implants. There were no cases of extrusion, dislocation or infection, with clinical symptoms improvement and lagophthalmos reduction. CONCLUSION:By widely dissecting the levator palpebrae superioris muscle aponeurosis, exceeding it and recovering the implant completely, we obtained excellent results. The pretarsal upper eyelid surface became regular, extrusion was avoided and, comparatively to Gladstone's technique that performs an aponeurotic plication over the gold weight implant, we managed to obtain a better adjustment of the superior eyelid final positioning after implant coverage.


Objective To build up a system of military medico-technical specialists' credentials for superior technical position.Methods Delphi method was taken to organize two rounds of specialist consultations,specialists' opinions were summarized,index name and weight were identified,minimum requirements were explained,and the system of credentials was established.Results Two systems of military medico-technical specialists' credentials were established respectively for General hospitals and Center hospitals,which included six first-level indicators: ideology and mortality,professional knowledge,medico-technical work,teaching,scientific research,other society activities,16 second-level indicators and 15 third-level indicators(14 for Central hospitals).Conclusion A series of credentials for military medico-technical specialists can not only put solid preferences for evaluation of professional titles but also are helpful to advance the comprehensive quality of military medico-technical workers.


The role of database knowledge is usually limited to the evaluation of data queries. In this paper we argue that when this knowledge is of substantial volume and complexity, there is genuine need t...


Mixing processes at the boundary of clouds often include typical length‐scales of several metres. Such length‐scales are too large for current Lagrangian models but they are also poorly resolved by typical Eulerian‐based large‐eddy simulations. Here, a bulk formulation is introduced for direct numerical simulations. Two main assumptions sustain this approach: the continuum approximation and the liquid‐phase diffusion approximation. The formulation includes the small‐scale features that originate from microscopic droplet dynamics: sedimentation, finite‐time condensation/evaporation, inertial effects and the low diffusion of liquid droplets with respect to vapour. The methodology is applied to the study of the buoyancy reversal instability that occurs at the top of stratocumulus clouds as a consequence of evaporative cooling. The inclusion of sedimentation, low liquid‐phase diffusion and finite‐time evaporation have a negative impact on instability when compared with the equilibrium formulation. The combined effect of all these small‐scale features reduces mixing at the cloud top by at least 90%. This strong reduction is explained by a condensate‐free middle layer, which emerges when droplets leave the cloud interface due to sedimentation.


For agents with identical homothetic preferences (but possibly different endowments), aggregate excess demand can be derived from maximization of a utility function of a representative agent whose endowment is the sum of the individual's endowments. Such an economy has a unique equilibrium. In this paper, a metric p is defined on the set P of preference relations representable by CES utility functions. It is then shown that there are agentswhose preference relations in P are arbitrarily close to one another in t he metric p, and there are endowments for these agents, such that the resulting exchange economy has a multiple Walrasian equilibria.


absorbent cosmetic product sweat comprising i) a base formulation, and ii) a sweat-absorbing complex comprising (a) 0.1 to 90% by weight of at least one water-absorbing component, (b) 0 , 1 to 80% by weight of at least one surface active agent and (c) 0 to 50% by weight of at least one solvent and / or at least one vehicle, wherein the sweat-absorbing complex set particles a three dimensional network which can swell in water at least one water-absorbing component, which are wrapped at least partially with at least one surface active agent and are emulsified in formulating base.


A trajectory tracking control system according to the invention controls a robot (1) to track a target path (100). In this system, the target path (100) is approximated to an arc, and the curvature of the arc is calculated. At this time, the curvature is calculated in accordance with the moving speed of the robot (1). Then, the control of the robot (1) is set in accordance with the calculated curvature.


Electrical impedance tomography (EIT) is gaining importance in the field of geophysics and there is increasing interest for accurate borehole EIT measurements in a broad frequency range (mHz to kHz) in order to study subsurface properties. To characterize weakly polarizable soils and sediments with EIT, high phase accuracy is required. Typically, long electrode cables are used for borehole measurements. However, this may lead to undesired electromagnetic coupling effects associated with the inductive coupling between the double wire pairs for current injection and potential measurement and the capacitive coupling between the electrically conductive shield of the cable and the electrically conductive environment surrounding the electrode cables. Depending on the electrical properties of the subsurface and the measured transfer impedances, both coupling effects can cause large phase errors that have typically limited the frequency bandwidth of field EIT measurements to the mHz to Hz range. The aim of this paper is to develop numerical corrections for these phase errors. To this end, the inductive coupling effect was modeled using electronic circuit models, and the capacitive coupling effect was modeled by integrating discrete capacitances in the electrical forward model describing the EIT measurement process. The correction methods were successfully verified with measurements under controlled conditions in a water-filled rain barrel, where a high phase accuracy of 0.8 mrad in the frequency range up to 10 kHz was achieved. The corrections were also applied to field EIT measurements made using a 25 m long EIT borehole chain with eight electrodes and an electrode separation of 1 m. The results of a 1D inversion of these measurements showed that the correction methods increased the measurement accuracy considerably. It was concluded that the proposed correction methods enlarge the bandwidth of the field EIT measurement system, and that accurate EIT measurements can now be made in the mHz to kHz frequency range. This increased accuracy in the kHz range will allow a more accurate field characterization of the complex electrical conductivity of soils and sediments, which may lead to the improved estimation of saturated hydraulic conductivity from electrical properties. Although the correction methods have been developed for a custom-made EIT system, they also have potential to improve the phase accuracy of EIT measurements made with commercial systems relying on multicore cables.


In this paper, a video service enhancement strategy is investigated under an edge-cloud collaboration framework, where video caching and delivery decisions are made at the cloud and edge respectively. We aim to guarantee the user fairness in terms of video coding rate under statistical delay constraint and edge caching capacity constraint. A hybrid human-artificial intelligence approach is developed to improve the user hit rate for video caching. Specifically, individual user interest is first characterized by merging factorization machine (FM) model and multi-layer perceptron (MLP) model, where both low-order and high-order features can be well learned simultaneously. Thereafter, a social aware similarity model is constructed to transfer individual user interest to group interest, based on which, videos can be selected to cache at the network edge. Furthermore, a dual bisection exploration scheme is proposed to optimize wireless resource allocation and video coding rate. The effectiveness of the proposed video caching and delivery scheme is finally validated by extensive experiments with a real-world dataset.


The effect of gender-role perception and employment status on the self-efficacy of women is examined. The study adopted a 2 (androgynous and sex-typed) X 2 (employed and unemployed) factorial design. One hundred and twenty women participated in the study. The sample consists of 60 employed and 60 unemployed women. Both the groups of employed and unemployed women are categorized into androgynous and sex-typed on the basis of the median split of their scores on the measure of androgyny. The respondents of all the four groups are compared with respect to their level of perceived self-efficacy. The results indicate that androgynous women show better sense of efficacy compared to sex-typed women. The results further indicate that employed women have better sense of self-efficacy than unemployed women.


The search for knowledge of hydrosedimentology and the lack of its formal definition in the literature lead to the need for conceptualization of the term, as well as derived processes, such as hydrosedimentological connectivity. The present work, therefore, defines hydrosedimentology as a science that seeks the understanding of the interaction between hydrological processes and sedimentological processes in the basin, at different temporal and spatial scales, and defines the hydrosedimentological connectivity as the integrated transport of sediment all over the basin from any possible source to a particular control point inside a basin system where the transport vector is water. Based on this concept, an index to determine the hydrosedimentological connectivity of mass movements is proposed. Given the diversity in the understanding among researchers who approach the concepts from different perspectives, it is important to standardize the terms for clarifying over communication in the scientific and technical communities.


In the literature, sanctioning behavior has been linked to a number of aggregate domestic factors, most notably shared democracy in sender/target dyads. One missing factor, I argue, is the economic orientation of leaders and governments when making sanctioning decisions. Economic orientation is important because it dictates how states interact with other states. In addressing this, I argue that orientation towards neoliberalism is important, as the global economy has become increasingly neoliberal over time. I hypothesize that when two states or leaders share a neoliberal orientation, it has an effect similar to that of the democratic peace, with sender states being less likely to threaten sanctions but more likely to impose sanctions. Using data drawn from the Threat and Imposition of Sanctions (TIES) dyadic dataset, I test these assertions using a series of two-stage Heckman models and individual logistic regression models. Results indicate that neoliberalism has a constraining effect on threats. However, contrary to expectations, neoliberalism does not have a consistently significant effect on sanctions imposition.


The article deals with the question of whether it is possible to consider those respondents whose religiosity is reduced solely to Orthodox self-identification as truly religious people. According to surveys on Orthodox religiosity, the majority of respondents


It is shown that the mutual inductance of standards of the Campbell type can be obtained with negligible error by replacing each turn of the secondary winding by a circle at the centre of the cross-section of the wire. The total inductance is the sum of the inductances of individual circles; this sum is expressed by a formula which is shown to agree with Searle's formula provided the length and breadth of winding used in the latter are based on the mean spacing and the mean number of wires in the rows and layers.


Nonvolatile memory components used in shock recorders have unique requirements compared to other applications. These include fast write speeds, unlimited operation without wear-out, no data loss with high shock and power loss, and small chip size. A nonvolatile memory component that has the characteristics needed for high shock recorders and other microcontroller applications can be constructed in a cost effective and shock resistant die which is 0.25" on a side using standard CMOS processing. The 256K component described here uses giant magnetoresistive material (GMR), which provides a larger signal than anisotropic magnetoresistive material (AMR) based devices and can be used in bits scaled to sub-/spl mu/m sizes. Small conventional mode bits can be used effectively in intermediate size magnetoresistive RAM (MRAM) components that fit a large microcontroller application market. Built-in dual redundant bits and spare sense lines allow a high product yield, thus providing additional potential production cost reductions. Future size reductions will occur when the pseudo spin valve bit has been sufficiently developed to be dropped into this design.


It is a practical necessity for non‐professional users to interpret biologically derived Raman spectral information for obtaining accurate and reliable analytical results. An integrated Raman spectral analysis software (NWUSA) was developed for spectral processing, analysis, and feature recognition. It provides a user‐friendly graphical interface to perform the following preprocessing tasks: spectral range selection, cosmic ray removal, polynomial fitting based background subtraction, Savitzky–Golay smoothing, area‐under‐curve normalization, mean‐centered procedure, as well as multivariate analysis algorithms including principal component analysis (PCA), linear discriminant analysis, partial least squares‐discriminant analysis, support vector machine (SVM), and PCA‐SVM. A spectral dataset obtained from two different samples was utilized to evaluate the performance of the developed software, which demonstrated that the analysis software can quickly and accurately achieve functional requirements in spectral data processing and feature recognition. Besides, the open‐source software can not only be customized with more novel functional modules to suit the specific needs, but also benefit many Raman based investigations, especially for clinical usages.


The Securities Investor Protection Act of 1970 (SIPA) created a special scheme for the liquidation of insolvent securities brokerage firms and established the Securities Investor Protection Corporation (SIPC) to administer a fund to protect the customers of failed brokers. SIPA is primarily designed to passively reimburse customers for losses due to broker failures and to thereby boost public confidence in securities markets. This Article argues that in order to truly operate as an "investor protection" scheme, SIPA should take an active role in the prevention of brokerage failures, rather than merely attempting to alleviate the harms caused by such failures. SIPA currently shifts much of the cost of broker failures away from the securities brokerage industry, thereby subsidizing it. SIPA should assign more of these costs to the brokerage industry. Such an arrangement is more consistent with the self-regulated nature of the industry. It is also more fair, in that the industry reaps the benefits of SIPA investor protection in the form of investor confidence, and more efficient in that assigning the costs to the best cost-avoider is a more efficient means to long-term customer protection and industry health.


The purpose of this study is threefold: (1) to find out the qualities employers expect in beginning workers, (2) to investigate the importance attached to personality by some writers in the literature of the business education field, and (3) to compile information that will be of aid to students of Dallas Technical High School in developing the needed personal qualities and skills.


Background: Imposter phenomenon is a term used to describe the feelings of high-performing and outwardly suc-cessful individuals, who despite their success fi rmly believe that their achievements have been obtained through luck. The feelings can lead to anxiety, depression, stress, low self-esteem, insecurity, and can cause underachievement. Methods: Consultants and paramedics working for the Yorkshire Air Ambulance critical care team were asked to complete the Clance Impostor Phenomenon Scale (CIPS). This is a survey used to gather information about how individuals are affected by impostor phenomenon. Results: 60% of staff working as part of the critical care team on the Yorkshire air ambulance were found to experi-ence the intense or frequent feeling of imposter phenomenon. Conclusions: The staff working on the Yorkshire Air Ambulance are all highly competent, experienced, and are well-regarded amongst their peers. The results from the CIPS show a high percentage of staff working on the unit suffer from the phenomenon despite their role and outward success. Further investigation into other high-performing teams might be bene fi cial in understanding this problem and supporting staff working within high-pressure environments to avoid mental health problems and underachievement within the workplace.


This is a summary of Population, Resources, and Technology: A Colloquium in General Anthropology, an academic conference which took place on March 11-14, 1970 in Philadelphia. Disciplines Anthropology | Social and Behavioral Sciences This journal article is available at ScholarlyCommons: http://repository.upenn.edu/anthro_papers/68 Near East according to the model. It was their work which led directly to the idea of the colloquium. The participants had reacted differently to the basic model, both in terms of their particular types of data and their personal theoretical inclinations. Not everyone agreed as to the usefulness of the model. Even at the end of the discussions, some participants were only just beginning to understand each other's approach. Many of the disagreements derived from the difficulty of making differential evaluations of distinct types of data and then fitting them into one unitary theoretical framework. Our discussions benefited greatly from the active participation of a professional demographer, John Durand; and without the presence of Ester Boserup, who both patiently and continually repropounded the details of her hypothesis and acted as economic control in our anthropological speculations, the whole would have been a much less valuable experience. A major theoretical problem to emerge both from the papers presented and from the discussions was "What is a legitimate unit of study, and on the basis of what criteria should such a unit be defined?" Little explicit attention has been paid in anthropology to what is in fact an extremely important theoretical question: the definition of a relevant ethnographic universe for the investigation of any particular problem. Other problems that received close attention insofar as they related to the central theme were the various technologies involved in the exploitation of different types of environment; the range of variables to be borne in mind in the measurement of agricultural efficiency; what started the Neolithic; the rise of the state; cultural and noncultural factors that play a part in determining the size of local groups in different subsistence systems and environments; the significance of different types of investment in the environment; possible demographic factors in various religious, ritual, and political processes; and the interaction of cultural and biological factors in fertility and mortality rates. Discussion was still gathering momentum when time ran out. Among the questions that were posed but not treated in any detail were how to deal with the special case of tree crops-date, breadfruit, ramon, olive, and other nuts and fruit-within this framework; the relationship between knowledge and engineering as different forms of investment in an environment; the significance of the diffusion of certain major cultural values-such as bread-eating, riceeating-which require a certain crop and therefore have adaptational implications; and, finally, the concept of "overload" and the nonecological and even noncultural factors that play a role in determining the size of local groups: the forces that make for clustering versus dispersal and vice versa. We have, of course, only made a small beginning in the investigation of an important set of related problems, but at the very least we may claim to have drawn attention to the importance of a major noncultural factor in cultural change and evolution. The central theme of these papers and discussions (as expressed by Smith at one point) is that population growth is not the prime mover in history and society, but an ever present force-sometimes gentle, some-


This paper is part of a research about the relation between the train and a city on the metropolitan area of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Guapimirim has 50,000 inhabitants, and a serviced based economy, extremely dependent to Rio de Janeiro. The region was very important in the process of implementation of raiways in South America. In its surroundings, in 1856 was built the first line connecting Maua Port to Raiz da Serra de Petropolis. A few years after the construction of Maua Railway, another line was built in order to connect Teresopolis – a popular destination, to Maua Port, passing trough Guapimirim, generating development to the city. The railway started being built in 1898, and it was only completed in 1906, after sucessfully transpo s ing the Serra dos Orgaos mountain range, by using imported racks from Switzerland. In 1956, as the federal road BR 116, the last part of the railway, was desativated, and the history of the train was erased in order of the progress that road was supposed to bring. Extinguishing that part of the railway took the major economic force from the city of Guapimirim and from this point the city denies its history, and loses the link between the rail line and all the historical process." Thus the railway in the late nineteenth century provided new ways of moving, socializing and seeing the swiftly passing landscape"(Schivelbusch 1986 ; Urry 2007 ) The Teresopolis railway worked not only as a passenger line, but also as a touristic line, especially between Guapimirim and Teresopolis, passing through Serra dos Orgaos mountain range, a place with scenic views, lu sh nature, pristine waterfalls and huge granite blocks recovered with dense vegetation . According to Urry (2007), out of the urban context, the pedestrian becomes only present after the construction of the first railways, that made possible that the passengers could escape easily from the problems of the big cities, promoting the developing in the surrounding area of the rail line. In this urge of the contact to a more natural environment resulted in the first trails and leisure trips, created under the idea of seeing and exploring the distant place, the nature, as a touristic activity. After the destruction of the railway the city of Guapimirim becomes the last destination of an almost abandoned line, that no longer provides. The train had an extremely important role in the development of Guapimirim, and understanding it as an important node that connects history, transportation, tourism and development of the city. In order to rescue its identity, the only way that Guapimirim could reconnect to its past and promote better transportation to the area is by strenghtening the importance of the train where it still exists, and rescue the importance of the railway where it no longer exists.


For several years, the technological potential of self-organized grown quantum dots (QD) has been known. Their usage as an e ective light source or memory requires the precise prediction of their electronic properties. Hence, this report will study InAs quantum dots at GaAs substrate. After relaxing the atomic positions with a many body potential of Abell-Terso type, I calculated the electronic structure using the Tight-Binding method which is reasonable for large systems. During the investigation of wavefunctions depend on the shape, size and temperature, the impact of strain showed up as the main reason for the p-splitting. Typically at QDs (relative to lateral dimensions) are grown, therefore the energy of bound states depends mostly on their height. The crystal's orientation had a strong impact on the wavefunctions. Moreover, the understanding of STS experiments, which inspected the connection between shape and wavefunction, is better now. Because of the possible simultaneous occupation of semiconductor quantum dots with an electron and a hole, there is a dipole moment of the exciton (due to their di erent behaviour inside the QD). This is a further experimental access to inner details of the QD. I ascertained the interplay of composition pro le and dipole moment. The force caused by additional potentials (piezoelectricity, outer homogen and inhomogen electrical elds) was also an subject of my inquiries. To conclude, I executed kMC simulations, to better apprehend the annealing experiments. I was able to explain the narrowing of the PL peak width better. Furthermore I showed a rami cation of the strain eld to the di usion development (and the following electronic properties).


Early cinchonism developed in an 18-year-old girl after the ingestion of 3.84 gm of quinine sulfate, in an attempt to induce abortion. Initially, the exact dose was unknown and she was treated with peritoneal dialysis. Although dialysis was begun after the peak plasma levels had passed, 415 mg (10.8%) were recovered in the dialysate fluid over the next 16 hours.


The complexity of astrophysical processes lies in the joint consideration of components of various nature. For example, in the collision problem of galaxies, the three-dimensional dynamics of an interstellar gas and a stellar component is considered. The modeling of these components can be based on completely different classes of numerical methods. One possible solution to this problem is to use the Eulerian-Lagrangian approach, in which physical quantities are concentrated at material points, which is typical for the SPH (Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics) method, and the forces are calculated on an adaptive grid attached to a system of material points. This approach uniformly takes into account both the dynamics of a continuous medium and discrete particles, and also eliminates a number of drawbacks inherent in the original method. The calculation of gravitational interaction is carried out by solving the Poisson equation for the gravitational potential. In this case, all particles are projected onto the computational grid and the potential values in each cell are already calculated on it. The solution of the Poisson equation for the gravitational potential is performed using the fast Fourier transform. The article describes the new cuFFT code Virtual Planetarium for modeling astrophysical objects based on the SPH method, supplemented by the Godunov method for calculating pressure and momentum flows between particles, and the fast Fourier transform method for solving the Poisson equation for the gravitational potential. The paper describes the rationale for the transition to such a computational model, kinetic and hydrodynamic approaches are described in detail. Simulation of the collapse of an isothermal gas cloud is performed. Method to reproduce the evolution of instabilities in form of two density arms is realized.


Background: The prevalence of osteoporosis and risk of fractures is elevated in rheumatoid arthritis, but we have little information about the bone mineral density and fracture risk in patients with inflammatory myopathies. We intended to ascertain and compare fracture risk, bone mineral density (BMD) and the prevalence of vertebral fractures in patients with inflammatory myositis and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and to assess the effect of prevalent fractures on the quality of life and functional capacity. Methods: Fifty-two patients with myositis and 43 patients with rheumatoid arthritis were included in the study. Fracture Risk was determined using FRAX® Calculation Tool developed by the University of Sheffield. Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry and bidirectional thoracolumbar radiographs were performed to assess BMD and vertebral fractures. Quality of life was measured with Short Form-36 (SF-36) and physical function assessment was performed using Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ). Results: We found a significantly elevated fracture risk in RA compared to myositis patients if the risk assessment was performed without the application of the BMD results. If BMD results and glucocorticoid dose adjustment were taken into account, the differences in fracture risk were no longer significant. The prevalence of osteoporosis was found to be significantly higher in the myositis group (7% vs. 13.5%, p: 0,045), but the fracture prevalence was similar in the two groups (75% vs. 68%). The fractures rates were associated with age in both groups, but not with cumulative dose of steroid and BMD results correlated with fracture prevalence only in the RA patients. The number of prevalent fractures was significantly correlated to poorer physical function in both groups, and poorer health status in the myositis group, but not in the RA group. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that inflammatory myopathies carry significantly elevated risk for osteoporosis and fractures. This higher risk is comparable to one detected with RA in studies and strongly affects the physical function and quality of life of patients. Therefore further efforts are required to make the fracture risk assessment reliable and to facilitate the use early preventive treatments.


The difficulty of aligning bent-core liquid crystals at a surface is addressed from three directions: We form Langmuir monolayers of bent core molecules at the air-water interface, and explore their orientation and packing. We transfer these films by Langmuir-Schaefer techniques to a solid surface, and test them for the alignment of bulk liquid crystal. We use atomistic molecular dynamics simulations to directly probe possible molecular orientation at the water surface, for comparison with experiments. We find that relatively small changes in the bent-core molecule affect both the stability of the films and their ability to promote alignment within liquid crystal cells.


The Caltech Multi-Vehicle Wireless Testbed (MVWT) is a platform designed to explore theoretical advances in multi-vehicle coordination and control, networked control systems and high confidence distributed computation. The contribution of this report is to present simulation and experimental results on the generation and implementation of optimal trajectories for the MVWT vehicles. The vehicles are nonlinear, spatially constrained and their input controls are bounded. The trajectories are generated using the NTG software package developed at Caltech. Minimum time trajectories and the application of Model Predictive Control (MPC) are investigated.


Thank you very much for downloading experimental designs and survey sampling methods and applications. Maybe you have knowledge that, people have search numerous times for their favorite novels like this experimental designs and survey sampling methods and applications, but end up in malicious downloads. Rather than reading a good book with a cup of tea in the afternoon, instead they cope with some harmful virus inside their desktop computer.


RESULTS Overall, memory worsened from age 30 years through the 90s. The HVa worsened gradually from age 30 years to the mid-60s and more steeply beyond that age. The median amyloid PET was low until age 70 years and increased thereafter. Memory was worse in men than in women overall (P < .001) and more specifically beyond age 40 years. The HVa was lower in men than in women overall (P < .001) and more specifically beyond age 60 years. There was no sex difference in amyloid PET at any age. Within each sex, memory performance and HVa were not different by APOE ε4 status at any age. From age 70 years onward, APOE ε4 carriers had significantly greater median amyloid PET than noncarriers. However, the ages at which 10% of the population were amyloid PET positive were 57 years for APOE ε4 carriers and 64 years for noncarriers.


We determine the integral homology groups of the configuration space of a certain arachnoid mechanism -- that is, a parallel robot in 3-dimensional Euclidean space having n two-joined legs, with all joints of a fixed length a/2, joined together at a central point q, with the other end of the i-th leg at the i-th vertex of a regular polyhedron P in d-dimensional Euclidean space where d=2,3.


Polyphenol was extracted from the needles of Pinus prokoraiensis by means of ultrasound with ethanol as solvent.Effects of ethanol volume concentration,liquid to solid ratio(V(solvent) ∶ m(needle)),ultrasonic wave power,ultrasonic temperature as well as ultrasonic time were investigated and then the optimum extraction conditions were screened out.Under the optimum conditions,extraction time could be decreased by 3 h and extraction quantity of total polyphenol(52.97 mg/g) could be achieved under ultrasound.Compared with that of ethanol extraction,the extraction quantity was increased by a factor of 25.76% through ultrasonic-assisted extraction.


Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor (MPNST) is a rare and fatal tumor. MPNST is very aggressive and likes to have distant metastasis. Skeletal involvement is usually secondary to soft tissue origin. Tumors of the scapula are unusual clinical challenges. Partial or complete resection of the scapula, with its attached musculo-aponeurotic tissue, is a seldom used technique for the treatment of primary bone and soft tissue tumors, as well as selected metastatic involvement of the scapula. Scapulectomy may allow wide margins of resection without amputation. The purpose of this study is to review our recent experience with scapulectomy. Our patient had local recurrence of tumor two years after subtotal scapulectomy.


Constructing a shield tunnel that crosses under a river poses considerable safety risks, and risk assessment is essential for guaranteeing the safety of tunnel construction. This paper studies a risk assessment system for a shield tunnel crossing under a river. Risk identification is performed for the shield tunnel, and the risk factors and indicators are determined. The relationship between the two is determined preliminarily by numerical simulation, the numerical simulation results are verified by field measurements, and a sample set is established based on the numerical simulation results. Fuzzy comprehensive evaluation and a backpropagation neural network are then used to evaluate and analyze the risk level. Finally, the risk assessment system is used to evaluate the risk for Line 5 of the Hangzhou Metro in China. Based on the evaluation results, adjustments to the slurry strength, grouting pressure, and soil chamber pressure are proposed, and the risk is mitigated effectively.


Recombinant plasmid pJB-B6 was mutagenized by Tn5-region-directed insertion. By conjugation of the mutagenized plasmid into Rhizobium huakuii 107 containing a P-group plamid which is incompatible with pJB-B6, one R.hukuii 107 EPS-deficient(Exo- ) mutant Rh983 was isolated. From pJB-B6 which could complement the Exo- mutant, a 2-3 b Pst I -Sacr I fragment was subcloned in pRK415 (Fig- 1 ). The restulting plasmid pJB-B601 could restore the Exo- phenotype of Rh983. Determination of the complete nucleotide sequence of the fragment (Fig. 2) showed that it contained the structural gene of a glucosyL-transferase , as well as the 5, - and 3 '- flanking regions. An open reading frame of 1 170 base pairs was identified as R. huakuii exoL gene (Fig. 2). The MW of ExoL, as deduced from the nucleotide sequence, was estimated at 44 kD. Comparison of the nucleotide sequences revealed a high similarity between the exoL genes of R. huakuii and of R. meliloti (Fig. 3 ). The deduced amino acid sequence of R. huakuii ExoL also showed a high similarity with that of R. meliloti ExoL. Furthermore , the exoL-lacZ transcription fusion was constructed and the expression of exoL -lacZ was analzed.


One of the simplest sources of purely digital true random bit sequences is the ring oscillator with output sampled by a signal coming from a low-frequency quartz oscillator. Combining XOR bit streams produced by many such generators (see Fig. 1) can significantly improve the statistical properties of the output sequence. As it is shown in the literature, this statement is true for deterministic and non-deterministic sources of random numbers. In cryptography, a user needs sequences with very good statistical properties but originating from a non-deterministic system. Therefore a method for distinguishing pseudo and true randomness for sequences produced by a combined true random number generator (TRNG) is necessary. In this paper the authors show that even a small amount of true randomness, present in a single ring oscillator, accumulates as a function of the number of ring oscillators used to produce the output stream. There is experimentally proved that in a real field programmable gate array (FPGA), the amount of randomness offered by the generator of Fig. 2 can be greater for smaller sampling frequency. Fig. 3 illustrates the behaviour of parameter m min introduced in [6] as a function of the number K of source generators for four sampling frequencies f L : 100 MHz, 200 MHz, and 250 MHz. The basic result of this paper is the statement that the efficient bit rate of streams useful for cryptography can be greater for smaller sampling frequencies than that observed for greater sampling frequencies.


We demonstrate 4-channel tunable optical delay lines with delay $\gt500$ ps and delay error $\lt \pm 1$ ps. The delay loss is 3 dB/ns and the delay deviation is less than 1 ps among 4 channels. © 2021 The Author(s)


Irvin Yalom's seminal contributions have significantly impacted on the discipline of psychotherapy in general and have had particular influence on the field of group psychotherapy. In preparing to experience this renowned master demonstrating his work on DVD, I felt a rush of excitement and respectful expectation. The DVD set of three volumes is less than I had hoped for. Volume I portrays the beginning of an outpatient group as we might find in a clinician's private practice. The second volume simulates an inpatient group that we might very well see in an acute psychiatric ward of a large hospital. Volume III is an interview with Yalom on his theoretical and therapeutic beliefs and ideas. The package is accompanied by a manual and discussion guide. As best as I have found, there are three other commentaries on this Yalom set, originally produced as videotapes, the first by Wright (1993) on all three videotapes, the second by Smolar (2000) on the outpatient material, and the third by Stone (2000) on a particular issue in the outpatient videotape. My first strong reaction in viewing these volumes concerned the use of actors in the outpatient and inpatient clinical vignettes. There was something glaringly artificial here and an absence of the palpable excitement and tension that typifies the group space. Yalom and his group patients frequently came across as neatly orchestrated and sometimes rather wooden. Perhaps better-trained actors or more knowledgeable directing might have helped. However, there may be no substitute for the real thing, with the drama, chaos, unpredictability, and imperfection that are invariably present in an actual therapy group. Yalom is at his best in these volumes when he offers commentaries on what we have just viewed in the clinical material and in his interview. His ideas about the beginning of an outpatient group, the basic issues involved in selecting and preparing group members, his here–and–now focus and the social significance of personal symptoms, the importance of


Applying some well-known properties of the class of symmetric α-stable (SαS) distribution, the EM algorithm is extended to estimate the parameters of SαS distributions. Furthermore, we extend this algorithm to the multivariate sub-Gaussian α-stable distributions. Some comparative studies are performed through simulation and for some real data sets to show the performance of the proposed EM algorithm compared with some well-known methods including empirical characteristic function, maximum likelihood, and sample quantile in the univariate and multivariate cases.


This work deals with happiness and welfare in the management of workplace and its main objective in the delivery of the achieved results to the Human Resource Managers wherein considering the issue of interests and values to each area of the company. An internal research was carried out in a Federal Educational Institution in the southeast of Brazil, which identity was preserve, as well as the identity of the respondents. This research addresses the aspects that provide workers' well-being, their engagement and pride in being part of organization and its projects, or, on the contrary, the factors that can lead them to negative psychological and mental states, such as stress, demotivation, or even resilience, which support challenges from mild to severe, but get sick anyway. The relevance of the theme lies in the fact that the lack of concern for workers' health and their quality of life are often not observed in the organizations. For organizations to achieve their goals, they need healthy and happy workers. Not taking care of this aspect as so important as crucial, the longevity and the permanence of the enterprise/institution lose space in a competitive and respectable baseline in which they are. The methodology includes the application of a multiple choice questionnaire and a space at the end for any optional comments. During the research, it was noticed the concern of some employees to be identified, based on a profile, in which age and time of service could expose their identities. Among the 178 respondents only 21 felt confident in expressing their opinions, which reflected the organizational atmosphere perceived by them about their Institution. It is expected that, with the availability of the research results to the Institution, this study may support future plans and actions, which improvements can be implemented, enhanced or improved in favor of the employees, observing the organizational atmosphere gaps pointed out.


Recent advances in automatic piano transcription have enabled large scale analysis of piano music in the symbolic domain. However, the research has largely focused on classical piano music. We present PiJAMA ( Pi ano J azz with A utomatic M IDI A nnotations): a dataset of over 200 hours of solo jazz piano performances with automatically transcribed MIDI. In total there are 2,777 unique performances by 120 different pianists across 244 recorded albums. The dataset contains a mixture of studio recordings and live performances. We use automatic audio tagging to identify applause, spoken introductions, and other non-piano audio to facilitate downstream music information retrieval tasks. We explore descriptive statistics of the MIDI data, including pitch histograms and chromaticism. We then demonstrate two experimental benchmarks on the data: performer detection and generative modeling. The dataset, including a link to the associated source code is available at REDACTED_FOR_ANONYMOUS_REVIEW .


The invention relates to the technical field of tobacco products processed by plants, in particular to a method for separating a pineapple extract to obtain spice for a cigarette by adopting a column chromatography isolation technology as well as application of the method. By adopting operations such as juicing, extracting, centrifugal separation, column chromatography isolation, column elution, pressure reduction and condensation, excessive sugar components in the pineapple extract are removed, symbolic aroma components in the pineapple are enriched and the negative influence caused by higher sugar components in the user process of the pineapple extract is avoided. The pineapple spice for the cigarette, which is prepared by the method, has natural fragrance and distinct aroma characteristics and is rich in furfural, acetyl furan, 5-methyl-2-rfural, phenylformic acid, 5-hydroxymethyl-2-rfural, 2,5-dimethyl-4-hydroxy-2H-furan-3-ketone (furanone), megastigmatrienone isomer and other components which have functions of adjusting and modifying smoke gas. The spice is added in the cigarette in a proper proportion so as to play poles of stopping miscellaneous gas, coordinating the smoke gas, imparting cigarette fragrance, reducing the stimulation to the throat and improving the mouthfeeling.


The research on the database development of the reusable parts of special vehicles is particularly important for shortening the design cycle and accelerating the development of the product. This paper takes the reuse parts database development as the research background, adopts organization and management platform of PDM, combines product design resources' result process and result information, applies knowledge based management system to reuse the design resource unit in the design resources library organization and management, effectively establishes the mechanism of management of the design resource, and finally maximizes the reuse of design resources, reduces the design cycle and development costs obviously.


Objective: To observe the clinical efficacy of scar moxibustion for the treatment of patients with cough variant asthma and the influence on LT and IgE levels. Methods: 135 patients met the inclusion criteria of cough variant asthma were randomly divided into three groups,each group with 45 patients. The acupuncture group was given acupuncture treatment. The scarring moxibustion group was given the scar moxibustion treatment,and the treatment group received scarring moxibustion with acupuncture treatment. A treatment course later,the efficacy was evaluated. Results: The acupuncture group's clinical cure rate was 22. 22%,and the total effective rate was 84. 44%. The scarring moxibustion group's clinical cure rate was 28. 88%,and the total effective rate was 82. 22%. The treatment group's clinical cure rate was 55. 56%,and the total effective rate was 97. 78%. The treatment group was significantly better than the acupuncture group and scarring moxibustion group,and the difference was statistically significant (P 0. 05). The treatment group's symptoms and disappearance time were superior to those of the acupuncture group and scarring moxibustion group and the differences were statistically significant (P 0. 05). Lung function indices in the treatment group were significantly better than that of acupuncture combination scarring moxibustion group,and the difference was statistically significant (P 0. 05). On reducing LT and IgE levels,the treatment group was superior to the acupuncture group and scarring moxibustion group (P 0. 05). Treatment group is more effective to reduce cough variant asthma relapse rate than the acupuncture group and scarring moxibustion group,and the difference was statistically significant (P 0. 05). Conclusion: Scar moxibustion combined with acupuncture can reduce the symptoms disappear time,more effectively relieve lung function indicators,reduce LT and IgE levels,and reduce the relapse rate in patients with cough variant asthma.


Purpose. To analyze and describe corneal and conjunctival tumor thickness and internal characteristics and extension in depth and size and shape measured by two noninvasive techniques, anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) and ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM). Design. Systematic review. Methods. This systematic review is based on a comprehensive search of 4 databases (Medline, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library). Articles published between January 1, 1999, and December 31, 2015, were included. We searched for articles using the following search terms in various combinations: "optical coherence tomography", "ultrasound biomicroscopy", "corneal neoplasm", "conjunctival neoplasm", "eye", "tumor" and "anterior segment tumors". Inclusion criteria were as follows: UBM and/or AS-OCT was used; the study included corneal or conjunctival tumors; and the article was published in English, French, Dutch, or German. Results. There were 14 sources selected. Discussion. Several studies on the quality of AS-OCT and UBM show that these imaging techniques provide useful information about the internal features, extension, size, and shape of tumors. Yet there is no enough evidence on the advantages and disadvantages of UBM and AS-OCT in certain tumor types. Conclusion. More comparative studies are needed to investigate which imaging technique is most suitable for a certain tumor type.


In medical field, deformable image registration is a critical task, it aims at deforming one image so that each point maps to a corresponding point in another image. The main component of deformable image registration is the similarity measure that is maximized during the optimization process. In this paper, we evaluate the effect of the choice of similarity measures for B-spline deformable registration. We included six similarity measures in our evaluation from which three are the common measures i.e. mutual information, mean squared distances and normalized correlation coefficient. We further evaluated the effect of choosing multiple measures for registration.


Introduction Modern social discourse emphasizes an importance of health either as a limiting resource that needs to be "saved" and "restored", or as a vulnerability that should be protected, or as a "natural gift" that needs support and recovery by natural methods including alternative medicine. Advertisement adds to the social discourse a meaning of health as a sign of success. Research demonstrated that beliefs in any of these meanings is associated with higher adherence to medical recommendations but also higher catastrophizing of bodily sensations, somatosensory amplification and belief in bodily weakness (Rasskazova et al., 2017). Objectives To reveal relationships of beliefs and thoughts in "hypochondriac discourse" with subjective importance of health self-care and health-oriented behavior. Methods 340 participants 17-77 years old filled "Hypochondriac" Discourse Questionnaire (Rasskazova et al., 2016) that includes four scales measuring beliefs and four scales measuring frequency of thoughts about each health meaning, and Health Self-Care Scale (Rasskazova et al., 2021) that differentiates subjective importance of different ways of self-care and activities (Cronbach's alphas .66-.80). Results All beliefs in "hypochondriac discourse" except importance of alternative medicine are related to medical health monitoring and active styles of life (r=.23-.43) but unrelated to reported activities. Frequency of thoughts about "hypochondriac discourse" are related to adherence to health behavior (r=.31-.49). Conclusions Frequent thoughts about "hypochondriac discourse" could be protective factor helping to support active life styles but also could lead to over-protection in healthy people. Research is supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research, project No. 22-28-01643 Disclosure Research is supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research, project No. 22-28-01643


We address the problem of semantic querying of relational databases (RDB) modulo knowledge bases using very expressive knowledge representation formalisms, such as full first-order logic or its various fragments. We propose to use a resolution-based first-order logic (FOL) reasoner for computing schematic answers to deductive queries, with the subsequent translation of these schematic answers to SQL queries which are evaluated using a conventional relational DBMS. We call our method incremental query rewriting, because an original semantic query is rewritten into a (potentially infinite) series of SQL queries. In this chapter, we outline the main idea of our technique – using abstractions of databases and constrained clauses for deriving schematic answers, and provide completeness and soundness proofs to justify the applicability of this technique to the case of resolution for FOL without equality. The proposed method can be directly used with regular RDBs, including legacy databases. Moreover, we propose it as a potential basis for an efficient Web-scale semantic search technology.


The utility model relates to a belt pulley of a one-way clutch adopting an irregularly-shaped block structure for an automotive generator and a mechanical supercharger. A transmission shaft cylinder is coaxially arranged in the belt pulley, and clutch rollers are uniformly distributed between the belt pulley and the transmission shaft cylinder through a holding rack; the clutch rollers take the shape of irregularly-shaped blocks, and the two end surfaces of each clutch roller where the clutch roller is in contact with the inner cylinder face of the belt pulley and the outer cylinder face of the transmission shaft cylinder are cambered surfaces; and bearings are respectively arranged at the two axial ends of the belt pulley. With exception of the waist-shaped structure shown on Figures, the clutch rollers can adopt the irregularly-shaped structure such as peach-shaped structure; and the irregularly-shaped blocks adopting different structural styles are selected according to different power and load of the automotive generator and the supercharger. The utility model has the beneficial technical effects of reasonable design and simple structure, can improve the load-carrying capacity of the one-way clutch obviously, and reduces the rotational speed fluctuation of the power generator and the mechanical booster during the operation process of an engine, thereby reducing the noise during the operation of the engine, improving the service lives of the generator and the mechanical supercharger, and reducing the oil wear of the whole automobile.


As limit of resource condition,there are high harmful elements content in charge e.g.K、Na、Zn and Pb,and with bad influence on BF.By investigation of harmful elements and analysis of measures on No.1 BF in recent years,provided some beneficial suggestions for optimizing smelting technique.


By using the theory of fuzzy multi goal optimization design in fuzzy mathematics,this paper processes a optimization design on the structure parameters of shell piper heat exchanger,in order to reduce flow losing under suffice heat exchang intensity condition.


Abstract : The Laser Propulsion (LP) experiments employed the T3 Hypersonic Shock Tunnel (HST), integrated with twin gigawatt pulsed Lumonics 620-TEA CO(2) lasers to produce the required test conditions. This effort was carried out at nominal Mach numbers ranging from 6 to 10. Time-dependent surface pressure distributions were recorded together with schlieren movies of the flow field structure resulting from the laser energy deposition. These visualizations of inlet and absorption chamber flowfields enabled the qualitative analysis of important phenomena impacting laser-propelled hypersonic air-breathing flight. The data indicated laser-induced pressure increases of 0.7- 0.9 bar with laser pulse energies of approx. 170 J, on off-shroud induced breakdown condition, and free stream Mach number of 6. The results of this research corroborate the feasibility of laser powered, airbreathing flight with infinite specific impulse (Isp=infinity).


Object of Interest (OoI) segmentation in video sequences is, due to its temporal and spatial complexity, still a difficult task. Thus, it cannot be done automatically, and interactive segmentation methods are inconvenient and time-consuming. Overcoming these drawbacks and performing OoI segmentation in real-time, this paper introduces a new approach for gaze-based OoI segmentation. The user fixates on the OoI throughout watching a video sequence. The users' gaze provides relevant information on the location of the OoI, which is then used for segmenting the OoI. In comparison to present segmentation methods, our approach notably reduced user-interactions required to attain pixel-accurate segmentations. The first evaluation of our gaze-based OoI segmentation method shows promising results. These are close to, and sometimes even exceeding the quality of the polygon-based ground truth segmentation. In conclusion, these findings encourage further exploration of gaze-based OoI segmentation.


The Supreme Court, in the person of Supreme Court Divisional Chairman Dr. Niederreiter as Chairman and Supreme Court counsel Dr. Schinko, Dr. Tittel, Dr. Baumann and Hon. Prof. Dr. Danzl as additional judges in the matter of the plaintiff, V*****, represented by Dr. Heinz Kosesnik-Wehrle, attorney at law, Vienna, against the Defendant, E*****, represented by Wolf, Theiss & Partner, attorneys at law, Vienna, for ATS 60,000, with costs, following the defendant's appeal against the judgment of the Higher Regional Court, Vienna, as court of appeal of January 21, 1999, case ref. 1 R 195/98y-103, which, on appeal by the defendant, upheld the Vienna Commercial Court's judgment of July 08, 1998, case ref. 29 Cg 172/98h-98, sitting in camera:


Nonmonotonic reasoning is the process of drawing reasonable conclusions from premises that may nevertheless be withdrawn when the premises are augmented by new premises. Classical logic is monotonic: once a proposition is provable from a set of premises, it remains so come what may. Default logic is a formalism that attempts to characterize nonmonotonic reasoning. This thesis formulates a variation of Default Logic, called Statistical Default Logic. It is argued that statistical default logic provides a compelling representation of the kind of nonmonotonic reasoning performed within inferential statistics.
The principal reason defaults are an attractive representation of statistical inference is due to the role played by default rule justifications. Default rule justifications may be thought of as conditions, the absence of which allow a consequent to defeasibly follow from an antecedent. The connection to statistical inference is that there are fundamental assumptions needed to make statistical inferences that we often know are false. Take random sampling, as an example. When we consider whether nicotine is addictive to mice, we take our experimental sample to be representative of all mice—past, future and present—and so would expect a true random sample to range over this population, which is impossible. Rather than treat this as an explicitly stated assumption, we should instead think of it as a default justification. Typically, we apply tests to sample populations to detect deviation from what we would expect were it a true random sample. In the absence of any of these tests revealing evidence of a bias, we infer that the sample is random. This inference is defeasible, of course. Information may turn up that there was a bias in the sample that tells against considering it as representative of the target population, in which case the hypothesis would be withdrawn, nonmonotonically. To accommodate the notion of 'fit', I introduce a distinct kind of default-called a statistical default, or s-default for short, that includes an error-bound parameter representing the maximum long-run chance of accepting a false statement from applying that s-default. I then show how to represent inference to the mean of a normal distribution, significance testing, hypothesis testing, and even conditionalization within an s-default framework.
The thesis defines statistical default extensions in terms of a fixed point but restricted to chains of inferences that are bounded in error. Finally, I define a skeptical statistical consequence relation for statistical default theories.
The resulting logic turns out to be paraconsistent: namely, it is possible for there to be an inconsistent extension that is nevertheless non-trivial. Any sentence in the language may be classically deduced from an inconsistent set of premises, which means that the classical consequence operator trivializes when closed on an inconsistent set of sentences. S-defaults don't trivialize, due to the manner in which extensions bounded in error are constructed.


Dedicated to those who made this happen: Prof.s Lorna Hardwick and Elle Chambers, founders of the Higher Education Research Group in 1992: an international network of leading discipline researchers advocating for the Humanities as transformatory and the Learning and Teaching Support Network (LTSN) Arts subject centres they helped to set up and advise and who became the original UK Editorial Board Prof. Mary Huber, Carnegie Academy for the Improvement of University Teaching, Prof. Kate Stimpson, Dean of the Graduate School of Arts and Science at New York University & former President of the Modern Languages Association (MLA) and Prof. Sean Brawley, founder Australasian Editor, now Head of Department of Modern History, Politics and International Relations, Macquarie University And Sara Miller McCune, founder of Sage, who in 1997 approached us in HERG, proposing that we turn the Humanities & Arts International Network newsletter and website and the collected papers of the annual conference 'Innovations in Teaching and Learning in the Humanities' into the first Sage Humanities journal. Ab Initio! In the late 1990s when I was finishing my Higher Education Research Group inspired monograph on 'teaching dialogic texts then and now': Dialogic Education and The Problematics of Translation in Homer and Greek Tragedy, I was invited by Cornell's Society for the Humanities to be part of the Writing in the Disciplines Cornell Consortium. WiD's mantra informed this journal's mission statement: that you do not 'do' research and then 'write up' but rather that you transform as you write the discipline. What we needed to transform Humanities HE was transformative Humanities writing and this, the first international Arts and Humanities HE journal, to publish in: a journal for essays about innovations in disciplinary meaningmaking and significance-highlighting processes. So, Arts and Humanities in Higher Education seeks to:


Automatic speaker recognition (ASR) is a well-investigated area among the researcher of speech processing. Many of the factors that affect the recognition rate of an ASR system are addressed in the literature. Those factors are clean and noisy environments, cross channel, session variability, age and health of a speaker etc. One of the factors that still needs investigation is the effect of type of spoken text on speaker recognition (SR). In this paper, the developed ASR system is trained and tested with different types of text, to observe the effect of the type of text on SR performance. The text includes digits, words, sentences, and paragraphs. All other factors like session, environment, and recording channel are same for this study. The study concluded that careful design of the training and testing text can increase the recognition rate of an ASR system.


Conductance data for alkali metal chlorides and ammonium chloride in 1,2-dimethoxyethane (DME)–water mixtures (14.00<dielectric constant<56.76) at 25 °C are reported in the concentration range 0.0001–0.06 mol·dm−3. The data have been analyzed by Fuoss (1978) conductance–concentration relation. Preferential solvation of cations by water does not show systematic trend depending on the cationic size. Walden product variations indicated the complex dependence of conductance of alkali metal cations on solvent sorting and structural effects. The energy (Es) values suggest that alkali metal cations and chloride ions in majority exist as contact pairs in these solutions.


Learning Objectives: Hunter syndrome (MPS II) is a rare genetic disorder with accumulation of glycosaminoglycan resulting in short stature, hepatosplenomegaly, joint stiffness, cardiac valvular disease and airway involvement including macroglossia, tracheal deformities, laryngomalacia, and obstructive sleep apnea. Methods: A 19-year-old man with attenuated MPS II and known critical airway, but no previous illnesses, presented with respiratory distress secondary to influenza and presumed status asthmaticus. He was treated with maximal asthma therapies which did not provide much benefit. Given his extremely difficult airway and the high likelihood of cardiac arrest with induction, the decision was made to place ECMO sheaths preemptively then fiberoptically intubate him in a controlled setting in the operating room with only local anesthesia. He tolerated the procedures well, however, he continued to have worsening ventilation and hemodynamic instability. Inhaled anesthesia was attempted but unsuccessful so he was cannulated to veno-venous ECMO. He successfully separated from ECMO after 10 days, but required high ventilatory pressures to prevent airway collapse. A tracheostomy attempt was unsuccessful as his cricoid was substernal and unable to be mobilized. Bronchoscopy revealed nearly 95% collapse of the tracheal lumen. After four weeks of no progress, he was transferred to Cincinnati Children's Hospital where he underwent a partial manubriectomy and tracheostomy. Due to significant collapse of the distal trachea and bronchi, the tracheostomy tube was positioned at the carina and two left bronchial stents were employed. He was weaned from the ventilator, transferred back two months later, and eventually discharged home with intact neurologic function. Results: Our patient had severe airway abnormalities that were not previously clinically significant until this acute illness triggered airway decompensation. Patients with MPS II in respiratory distress should be presumed to have severe airway anomalies until proven otherwise, and many cannot be intubated by conventional means. Earlier interventions including intubation and even ECMO should be anticipated as in our patient, whose care required not only multidisciplinary but multi-institutional coordination.


This device comprises means for analyzing the respiratory activity, detecting the occurrence of breaks or hypopnea, and means for analysis of myocardial contractility, for example by measuring the intracardiac impedance or acceleration endocardial, detecting the occurrence of a variation of the hemodynamic status. Where a change in the hemodynamic status detected in connection with the detection of a break or a hypopnea, the device conditionally and temporarily changes an operating parameter of the device, for example the pacing rate, the atrioventricular delay or multisite pacing.


Over the span of the last ten years, there has been a growing imperative to investigate developments in artificial intelligence (AI) and sustainable manufacturing supply chain (SMSC) in light of the increasing significance of sustainability within the manufacturing sector. The current study therefore employs methodical bibliometric analysis and cluster analysis to examine scholarly literature concerning the convergence of AI and SMSC. Vosviewer software has been used for generating bibliographic map and seven theme based clusters have identified from the cluster analysis. This study has identified 77 articles from the Scopus database. The findings of this investigation will offer significant perspectives on the several key research gaps, current research trends, potential utilization of these technologies to facilitate sustainable manufacturing practices and promote a sustainable future. The study also provides fascinating insights for policymakers, practitioners, and researchers regarding optimal strategies, obstacles, prospects, and highlight potential areas for future research associated with the integration of AI and SMSC.


Background: Metabolic syndrome is a constellation of metabolic abnormalities and a complex  pre-disease  state that predicts future development of type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular diseases. Epidemiologically it is observed that incidence of metabolic syndrome increases with age and more so in women once they attain menopause. Objectives: To study the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in pre as well as post-menopausal women and to study the various components of metabolic syndrome. Materials and Methods: We performed an observational study in a tertiary care teaching institute. Women attending general health checkup were selected for the study A total of 484 women were selected. 267 were in the postmenopausal group and 217 in premenopausal group. After a detailed collection of demographic data, medical, surgical, obstetrical and gynecological history, general physical and systemic examination was done. Height, weight, waist circumference were measured. BMI was calculated. Venous blood sample sent for fasting blood glucose, HDL, Triglycerides. Metabolic syndrome was diagnosed when three out of five parameters were found abnormal. Results: Metabolic syndrome was seen in 158 women (32.6%). Among these women, 118 (44.19%) were postmenopausal women and 40 (18.4%) were premenopausal. Postmenopausal women are at twice the risk of developing metabolic syndrome.


Introduction. The multidisciplinary approach, including pharmacological therapy, educational therapy, cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) has the leading role in management of patients with diabetic polyneuropathy (DPN). There is no domestic experience in the multidisciplinary treatment of DPN patients. Study purpose – study of efficiency of DPN patients management using a multidisciplinary approach. Patients and methods. The study included 50 patients (29 women and 21 men) aged 20 to 78 years (mean age = 57.6 ± 10.2 years) with diabetes mellitus (DM) of type 1 and 2 and DPN. All patients received multidisciplinary treatment consisting of pharmacotherapy, educational programs, KPT. All patients by Cocarnit (for 9 days). The observation period for the patients was 12 weeks. All the patients underwent assessment of neuropathic and asthenic symptoms. Results. Many patients were newly diagnosed with concomitant neurological (lumboischalgia, cervicalgia, tunnel syndromes, headaches, insomnia) and emotional (anxiety, depression) disorders. Authentically significant reduction in the average positive neuropathic and asthenic symptoms, improvement in average pain sensitivity was observed from Day 10 and persisted until 12 weeks of observation. Best value of effectiveness of interdisciplinary treatment was observed in patients with Stage 2 DPN. Conclusion. There is a low level of diagnostics of combined neurological and emotional disorders in patients with diabetes and DPN. The multidisciplinary treatment allows relatively quickly and firmly to reduce the severity of neuropathic and asthenic symptoms in DPN patients, most effectively – at the Stage 2A of DPN. The use of Cocarnit is effective and safe in complex therapy of DPN patients.


That a new media studies is needed is clear; that a rapid, inspiration-seeking survey can find this from South Asia in an international frame, after 10 years of the War of Terror, comes as no surprise. The obsessions and ideologies of television globally are still there to be critiqued, and this can be done with some of the authors considered here. That these readings are contingent only means that reviewing contemporary events through a distorting lens is also a part of the game and a wider remit of media studies is now urgent. From the anti-Muslim ultra-racist attacks by Breivik in Norway to the photographed-but-not-televised scenes in the White House situation room in May 2011, through the grainy aesthetic of green night vision combat patrol videos, there is a need to deploy critical ideas gleaned from the work of authors such as Ravi Sundaram, Arvind Rajagopal, M. Mhadava Prasad and Ashish Rajadhyaksha. The contemporary has a political purchase that was once national, but is now both wider and more specific, and more urgent. For a new media studies.


Introduction This article reports on a study that explored the benefits and drawbacks of using spatially positioned synthesized speech in auditory interfaces for computer users who are visually impaired (that is, are blind or have low vision). The study was a practical application of such systems—an enhanced word processing application compared to conventional screen-reading software with a braille display. Methods Two types of user interfaces were compared in two experimental conditions: a JAWS screen reader equipped with an ALVA 544 Satellite braille display and a custom auditory interface based on spatialized speech. Twelve participants were asked to read and process three different text files with each interface and to collect the information about their form and structure. Task-completion times and the correctness of the perceived information on text decorations, text alignment, and table structures were measured. Results The spatial auditory interface proved to be significantly faster (3 minutes, 12 seconds) than the JAWS screen reader with ALVA braille display (8 minutes, 38 seconds), F(1,70) = 391.523, p < .001, and 15% more accurate when gathering information on text alignment, F(1,70) = 28.220, p < .001. No significant difference between the interfaces could be established when comparing questions on text decorations, F(1,70) = 0.912, p = .343, or table structures, F(1,70) = 1.045, p = .310). Discussion The findings show that the auditory interface with spatialized speech is more than 160% faster than the tactile interface while remaining equally accurate and effective for gathering information on various properties of text and tables. Implications for practitioners The spatial location of synthesized speech can be used for the fast presentation of the physical position of texts in a file, their alignment, the dimensions of tables, and the position of specific texts within tables. The quality of spatial sound reproduction can play an important role in the overall performance of such systems.


Not only our patients but also the staff members can have problems with transference and countertransference. Communication between staff members in a psychotherapeutic community is very important to the functioning of the team itself, to the community as a whole, and to the treatment of the patients. In this article, transference and countertransference are linked with two levels of communication within a team : the surface and deep structure. It discusses how to apply these concepts in such a way that, what is happening within the team is clear to the team members, so that the team can function effectively in treating the patients. The article also describes the requirements the team leader should meet and his* role in the process.


This paper concerns the influence of elastic mounting on the dynamic properties of hydrostatic control system. Digital simulation of the drives with rigid mounting and with elastically mounted load mass was performed in order to adapt their dynamic models to the physical model at the laboratory stand. The influence of parameters of the system, external load and friction on the dynamic properties of hydrostatic drives was analyzed.


Tissue-equivalent phantom of the liver with artificial metastases sizing ~ 5 mm was developed. Metastases without nanoparticles were almost not visualized by computed tomography, in contrast to metastases with iron oxide nanoparticles, which were well visualized on the tomogram.


Reactive and harmonic currents that are being injected in the power supply by nonlinear loads, cause an increasing deterioration of the power system voltages and currents. Whereas active power filter (APF) have been widely used to overcome this problem and to improve the power quality delivered by the power supply. In this paper, three-level four-legged active power filter based on neutral-point-clamped (NPC) inverter is presented. To fulfill the requirement of the active power filtering function under balanced, unbalance and distorted (including 3rd and 5th harmonics) power supply voltages, A control methods based on the instantaneous power theory have been used and discussed. On the otherside, the inverter switching state control has been achieved based on PWM current controller. The performance of the proposed topology under the used control approach has been finally discussed through the obtained simulation results.


Left-wing urban novels emerged in the late 1920s in Shanghai, which presented the new modern urban ethics, including the proletarian political ethics, the critical-based life ethics and the body ethic of the spiritualism. The ethical form not only reflects the real political environment, but also contains the individual living experience of the writers and the transfer of traditional ethics. At the same time, it also effects the "May 4th" Enlightenment ethics and consumption ethics. The Left-wing city ethics remedied the shortcomings of the modern Chinese city ethics centered on the consumption ethics, which has an influence on the subsequent urban literary writing and has an important value in contemporary urban construction simultaneously.


were conducted ov er 25 years ago by the W orld HealthOrganization (WHO) to analyse regional differenc es in theincidence and outcomes of schizophrenia. Outcom es ov er 2Ð5years varied among the differen t areas; par ticipants living inlow- and middle-income count ries had better outcomes thanthose in hig h-income areas.


Aims: Spiritual, physical and mental health is disturbed in some hemodialysis patients. Religious behaviours specially prayer can increase spiritual energy and positive attitude in patients. The aim of this study was to analyze the relationship of prayer with the spiritual health of hemodialysis patients. Methods: This descriptive correlation study was performed on hemodialysis patients referred to Imam Reza Hospital of Amol in 2009. 85 patients who had the study conditions were selected by purposive sampling method. Information was collected through Meraviglia prayer frequency and Palutzian & Ellison spiritual health questionnaires. SPSS 16 statistical software and descriptive and inferential statistics tests (Pearson correlation, ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc test) were used to analyze data. Results: Frequency of prayer was high in 96% of samples. 96% of samples prayed in high level. 85% had the experience of prayer and 87% had a positive view on it. Spiritual health was high in 75% of samples. There was no significant relation between the frequency of prayer and spiritual health (p=0.3). Significant relation was seen between frequency of prayer and marriage (p=0.05) and also between spiritual health and age (p<0.01). Conclusion: Frequency of prayer has no effect on spiritual health of hemodialytic patients. According to the dominancy of religious culture and beliefs of Iranian people, it is expected from health care staff to pay more attention to religious and spiritual dimensions in patients care.


Professor Jakobs has constructed the doctrine of "criminal law of enemy" at the turn of the century.However,there are so many criticism about "criminal law of enemy" as soon as it appears.In fact,we misapprehend it,"criminal law of enemy" will provide us a more clear and rational life.For a society ruled by positive law,"criminal law of enemy" is indispensable for its continual existence and development.


Significance Incense has been linked to ceremonies, religions, medicines, and cosmetics worldwide for thousands of years. While Chinese texts in the Tang dynasty (618 to 907 CE) indicate that numerous exotic aromatic substances were already being introduced into China through the land and maritime Silk Road, this has been rarely demonstrated archaeologically. This study identifies three types of incense associated with the sacred sarira of Sakyamuni Budda from the underground palace of Famen Royal Temple in central China, providing direct evidence of aromatics including elemi, agarwood, and frankincense as well as their composite product, namely Hexiang (blending of aromatics), in Buddhist activities, which may have promoted the spread of incense and the development of aromatic knowledge systems in medieval China.


List of Figures. Preface. Acknowledgements. 1. Introduction. a. The Central Argument. b. The Evidence for Evolution. c. Rejecting Theories. d. Plan of the Book. 2. The Legacy of Darwin and Wallace. a. The Theory of Natural Selection. b. "Absurd in the Highest Possible Degree". c. Darwin's Unfortunate Retreat. d. Wallace and Weisman. e. The Decline of Darwinism. f. Mind and Culture. g. Contemporary Implications. 3. The Argument from Design. a. Adaptation and Design. b. Function, Design, and Selection. c. Blind Variation. d. Dembski's Resurrection. 4. Mere Evolution. a. Mendel's Legacy. b. The Modern Framework for Evolutionary Theory. c. Selectionism and Neutralism. d. Reconstructing the Past. e. Contemporary Debates. f. Terminological Choices. 5. The Cost of Lunch. a. Evolutionary Algorithms. b. The "No Free Lunch" Theorems. c. Dembski's Excitement. d. Utter Irrelevance. e. Adaptationism. f. Final Assessment. 6. Complexity is Complicated. a. Irreducible Complexity?. b. Pathways to ICSs. c. The Citric Acid Cycle. d. The Blood Clotting System. e. The Bacterial Flagellum. f. Protein Evolution. g. Irreducibility and Design. 7. Questions of Information. a. What is Biological Information?. b. Information and Evolution. c. Specified Complexity. d. The Law of Conservation of Information. e. The Cambrian "Explosion". f. Taking Leave of Creation Biology. 8. Cosmic Coincidences. a. Physics and Biology. b. Anthropic Principles?. c. The Force of Improbability. d. A Cosmological Design Argument. e. Is Fine-Tuning Surprising?. f. A Concluding Note. 9. Naturalism and Its Discontents. a. What Naturalism Is. b. Nagel's Legacy. c. The Problem of Normativity. d. Creationist Critiques. e. Metaphysical Naturalism. 10 Conclusions. a. Critiques of Evolutionary Theory. b. Is ID Science?. c. Back to the Classroom. Notes. References. Index


This paper describes query processing in the Papyrus integrated data server. Query processing is unique in Papyrus because the underlying language is very powerful (computationally complete), performance on uni-processor systems is not sacrificed in order to support multiprocessor architectures, and queries are self-scheduling in order to support extensibility. A prototype demonstrating the feasibility of this approach is in operation.<<ETX>>


Multi-focus image fusion has established itself as a useful tool for reducing the amount of raw data and it aims at overcoming imaging cameras' finite depth of f ield by combining information from multiple images with the same scene. Most of existing fusion algorithms use the method of multi-scale decompositions (MSD) to fuse the s ource images. MSD-based fusion algorithms provide much better performance than the conventional fusion methods .In the image fusion algorithm based on multi-scale decomposition, how to make full use of the characteristics of coefficients to fuse images is a key problem.This paper proposed a modified contourlet transform(MCT) based on wavelets and nonsubsampled directional filter banks(NSDFB). The image is decomposed in wavelet domain,and each highpass subband of wavelets is further decomposed into multiple directional subbands by using NSDFB. The MCT has the important features of directionality and translation invariance. Furthermore, the MCT and a novel region energy strategy are exploited to perform image fusion algorithm. simulation results shows that the proposed method can the fusion results visually and also improve in objective evaluating parameters.