Impact to the mandible typically results in ipsilateral or contralateral condylar neck fractures. Fracture of the glenoid fossa with a mandibular condyle dislocation into the middle skull base is a rare event. Structural variance is considered to be the determinant for this kind of fracture. Steinhauser proved experimentally that the central part of the glenoid fossa is the weakest part of the skull base. Normally, the lateral and medial elevated margins of the glenoid fossa meet the articular surface, that is the medial and lateral pole, of the mandibular condyle on impact. Da Fonseca remarked that a rounded condyle without any accentuated medial or lateral poles creates a higher pressure onto the bone of the glenoid fossa compared with a scroll shape. The role of the presence of occluding posterior teeth preventing the burst of the glenoid fossa by blocking the upward mandibular thrust, however, is controversial, according to other research. Victims of high-speed accidents with their mouths open who sustain a sudden blow to the chin may possibly be predisposed to undergo these injuries. Until today, only 30 cases have been reported, upon reviewing the English literature, with the first case being reported by Dingman and Grabb in 1963. Among the various nomenclature of this type of injury the term "central dislocation" is spread. Other central dislocations might occur in the hip joint with an intrapelvic dislocation of the femoral head or in the shoulder joint with an intrathoracic dislocation of the humeral head. Clinical features can include preauricular pain, laterognathism, and a limited range of motion without specific neurological signs or symptoms. These often may be misdiagnosed because of joint edema, joint "dislocation," or radiographically poorly defined subcondylar fractures. Missed or delayed diagnosis of this injury may, therefore, occur. In addition to that, mortality because of intracranial damage from a displaced condyle or from other concomitant cranial injuries might explain the low number of cases reported. Intracranial hematomas, facial nerve paralysis or paresis –22 combined with a unilateral and bilateral cranial base fracture, damages of the eighth cranial nerve with ipsilateral hearing loss, hematorrhoea, leakage of cerebrospinal fluid, and cerebral injuries as contusion or concussion are some of the other findings reported in literature. Because of the complexity of these injuries, a variety of treatment options has been reported in the literature. The overall aim of any treatment, however, is both to prevent additional neurological problems and to obtain a proper occlusion, thus restoring function to avoid future temporomanqibular joint disorders like, for example, ankylosis. This article presents the case of a 9-year-old girl who fell down from a climbing pole in a local playground. The impact on the chin caused a dislocation of the right mandibular condyle into the middle cranial fossa. The treatment and the follow-up of this case is reported to add to the small number of previous case reports and to hopefully be useful for future case management.


Porous ceramics based on refractory double oxides are promising for light-weight structural components and high-temperature filter materials. In this study, porous MgTi2O5 ceramics with pseudobrookite-type structure have been prepared by in situ processing (viz. reactive sintering). High-temperature XRD revealed the in situ reaction behavior of the mixed powder, and indicated suitable sintering temperatures to obtain single phase MgTi2O5 (≥1000°C). Uniformly porous MgTi2O5 ceramics with very narrow pore-size distribution at the diameter of ∼1 µm were obtained by the pyrolytic reactive sintering at 1000–1200°C, where decomposed CO2 gas from a carbonate source acted as an intrinsic pore forming agent. Thermal expansion behavior of bulk porous MgTi2O5 (porosity: 42%) is also discussed.


The outbreak and aftermath of the Second World War meant that Ezra Pound's political allegiances became undeniable, and writers who had been in Rapallo felt compelled to account for their proximity to Pound and their presence in Italy during Mussolini's regime. This chapter interrogates the way that the poets of Rapallo represented Pound and Rapallo's importance to their development, and it challenges critics' convenient acceptance of these narratives. This chapter places particular importance on the lives of George Yeats, Dorothy Pound, and Brigit Patmore, challenging Virginia Woolf's idea of the "totalitarian man" by showing the multifarious political alignments of Rapallo's women.


Copyright © 2003, Idea Group Inc. Copying or distributing in print or electronic forms without written permission of Idea Group Inc. is prohibited. ABSTRACT Although it has been shown that all current indexing techniques degrade to linear search for sufficiently high dimensions, exact answers are still essential for many applications. A concept of "non-clustered" case is proposed in this paper. And aiming at the characteristics of such case, a new index structure named K-P-tree and a K-NN searching algorithm based on it is presented. By starting with the Self-Organized Mapping method, the partition procedure of K-P-tree does not depend on the dimensionality. Furthermore, the partition locating and pruning also benefit from the fact that only the inner borders between the partitions are recorded merely via some hyper planes. The query experiments indicate that K-P-tree outperforms many current k-NN searching approaches.


By way of introduction to this sketch of Manchester's library resources in the field of Oriental studies, we propose to outline the history of the academic side of the picture, since there is a clear connection between teaching and research on the one hand and libraries on the other. In some shape or form Oriental studies have been an officially recognized branch of learning at Manchester University ever since its foundation in 1851. The University began its life with five professors (there are now approximately 200, if we include UMIST and the Business School). Of these five, one, namely Alexander John Scott, occupied a chair of Hebrew, an appointment which he combined with one in Comparative Grammar and English Language and Literature. On his death in 1866, Scott was succeeded by Tobias Theodores, who professed both Hebrew and modern languages. In 1901 the University created a chair of Chinese, and E.H. Parker, the Professor, continued in office until his death in 1926. The first chair in Semitic languages and literatures dates from 1903 and was occupied successively by H.W. Hogg (1903-12), M.A. Canney (1912-34), Edward Robertson (1934-45), and H.H. Rowley (1945-49). The names of the last two will no doubt be most familiar. In Manchester we


A manufacturing method of microdisplay, a wafer is first provided with a driving circuit formed on the wafer. Then, a metal reflective layer is formed on the wafer, and then, on the metal reflecting layer are sequentially formed a photoresist layer and a patterned anti-reflective layer, Thereafter, the photoresist layer is patterned as an etching mask , trench pattern is formed on the antireflective layer and the metal reflective layer, to expose the wafer surface. Then, before removing the photoresist layer is patterned. Then, the dielectric layer is formed to cover the anti-reflection layer and fills the trench pattern. Next, remove portions of the dielectric layer and the antireflection layer until exposing the surface of the metal reflective layer.


Background: Equitable mental healthcare regardless of area of residence is a political aim in Norway. The purpose of this study is to evaluate geographical variation in private practitioner coverage, and explore differences between private practitioners with public reimbursement and local community mental health centers (CMHCs) in terms of diagnoses and scope of outpatient treatment, with a focus on mood and neurotic disorders. Method: Cross-sectional registry-based study of adults in outpatient mental healthcare at private practitioners or CMHCs in Norway in 2014–2018. We calculated distribution of diagnoses, geographical variation in rates of private practitioners, and analyzed scope of treatment for patients with mood and neurotic disorders (ICD-10 disorders F3, F4). We estimate cost per treated patient and report geographic variation for hospital catchment areas. Results: Patients with F3, F4 disorders accounted for 64.7 % at private practitioners, and 31.5 % at CMHCs, and received more treatment at private practitioners, five more consultations in a 42 day longer period. There is considerable geographical variation in private practitioner coverage, highest in South-East Norway and lowest in North Norway. Implications: As long as management and priority setting are differently organized for CMHCs and private practitioners in mental health care, we must expect geographical variation in access and use. It appears as an equity paradox that a group of patients, rejected by or not referred to CMHC, receive more treatment by private practitioners. Keywords: mental healthcare, outpatient consultations, private practitioners, CMHC, geographical variation, equal access, equity, priority setting


Nitrogen and phosphorus are the principal nutrients of concern in treated wastewater discharges.Therefore,the control of nitrogen and phosphorus is becoming increasingly important in water quality management and in the design of wastewater treatment plants.Because both nitrogen and phosphorus can impact receiving water quality,the discharge of one or both of these constituents may have to be controlled.Including the existing state of nitrogen in water and its ham.The distribution of nitrogen in refinery sewage,and its removing method are also put forward.The method 1 is SBR and the method 2 is A/O Denitrification Process.


Developing export oriented agriculture is a trend of agricultural economy development all over the world,which is also the only correct road by which china converts agricultural production system and realizes agricultural modernization.This paper takes Southern Hunan as an example and probes the advantages and disadvantages of developing export oriented agriculture on inland area,then puts forward the production model and management model and countermeasures.


In an average case seen during the hay fever season, with mild symptoms, an initial dose of 10 units of pollen solution may be given intranasally, and if this does not produce mild sneezing within five minutes the dose may be repeated. Subsequent doses may be increased by 25 per cent. at intervals depending on the length of time during which the patient remains symptom-free. In some cases no subsequent dose is necessary. It is convenient to arrange that the desired dose is contained in 0.25 c.cm. to 0.5 c.cm. of fluid, as this is a suitable amount to apply at one time. Necessary dilutions of concentrated pollen solutions may be made with carbol saline (0.5 per cent. phenol in normal saline), and the dose measured in a graduated medium sprayer. If on any occasion there is pronounced local reaction, the dose should not be increased at the next application, but the same dose again given, when the local reaction will be decidedly less than on the previous occasion. After this the next dose can again be increased by 25 per cent., as a rule without resulting in any great reaction. It is difficult to lay down any hard-and-fast scale of doses, as patients vary considerably in their response to different pollens, and also in their response to the same pollen under varying conditions of weather. In hot dry weather the local reaction produced by a given dose of pollen solution will be greater than that from the same dose received by the same patient in cold wet weather. All the above factors must be taken into account when considering the best dose for any particular occasion. It is important, so far as is possible, to include in the pollen solutions employed all ihe grass pollens to which the patient chiefly reacts; for a patient may, after several applications, be made quite immune to a concentrated solution of one kind of grass pollen, although a different type of grass pollen of a lesser concentration sprayed into the nose may still produce sneezing and other hay fever symptoms. It has constantly been observed that if the same dose of the same pollen solution has been sprayed into the nose of any patient on two or more occasions at intervals of a few days or a week, or even longer, the hay fever symptoms produced have become progressively less on each occasion. Pre-seasonal Treatment


A case is presented where focus of all investigations centred around a lung cavity which in association hoarseness appeared in all probability a lung cancer after no response to anti tuberculosis chemotherapy. Oxygen desaturation on few steps of walk lead to further work up concluding with diagnosis of pulmonary thromboembolism with cavitary infract and cardiovocal syndrome.


AUTHOR Alkin, Marvin C.; Stecher, Brian M. TITLE Evaluation Information Use by Site Level Decision Makers: Methodological Issues. INSTITUTION California Univ., Los Angeles. Center for the Study of Evaluation. SPONS AGENCY National Inst. of Education (ED), Washington, D.C. PUB DATE 13 Apr 81 NOTE 21p.; Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Educational Research Association (65th, Los Angeles, CA, April 13-17, 1981).


Improved ruminant's health and its productive performance has always remained a primary goal of researchers associated with the animal production sector. Microbial feed supplements as natural growth promoters might play an important role for enhancement of health and productive performance of ruminants through prevention of disease, enhancement of desirable microbial growth in the rumen environment, stabilization of ruminal pH, altered ruminal fermentation patterns, increased nutrient digestibility and flow of nutrients to the small intestine, improved nutrient retention and reduced stress through enhanced immune response. The definition of microbial feed supplements is very broad and may include specific and nonspecific yeast, fungi, bacteria, cell fragments and filtrates. The microbial feed supplements preparations must having a beneficial effect on the host animal (non-pathogenic and non-toxic), able to produce antimicrobial agents, antagonistic toward pathogenic, have ability to adhere and colonize the epithelial cells of the rumen and the gut, capable of compete with normal microflora and metabolizing in the gut environment and genetically stable and capable of remaining viable for long periods under storage and field conditions. The use of microbial feed supplements continuously may decrease the harmful effects of the pathogenic bacterial species in the ruminant digestive system and thereby improve the animal performance.


Abstract This article is primarily an extended summary of a talk presented to the Seventh Conference of the Nordic Association for Semiotic Studies (NASS), Lund University, Sweden in May 2011, presenting the Mirror System Hypothesis, which emphasizes the role of imitation and manual gesture in the evolution of the language-ready brain. An Afterword offers pointers to a number of subsequent publications that build upon the theory presented there.


This paper studied the associations between KCNA7 gene T418M polyrnorphism and the effects of endurance training.102 healthy male subjects with no training history undertook a distance running program consisted of 5000m running with the intensity of 95%~105% an- aerobic threshold,3 times/week for 18 weeks.Running economy(RE)was measured before and after the protocol,and used the PCR-RFLP to explore the association between KCNA7 gene T418M polymorphism and the effects of endurance training.x~2 test was used to deter- mine whether the genotype distribution differed from that expected under the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.ANOVA(LSD)tested differences in variables before the training between the three genotypes.Post-Hoc was used to analyze variables differences.The result showed that the running economy of subjects with CT is higher than that of TT and CC.It concludes that KCNA7 gene T418M polymorphism can be used as the molecular biology marker of aerobic endurance training.


In the perspective of ontology, this essay tries to expound the rich intension of a Chinese aesthetic category of Shenli ,about which there is no systematic discussion . Using the relevant theory of the phenomenology aesthetics , we find that there exist similarities and corresponding relation between its metaphysical character of nature and narrativeness and the category course and ientegrity in phenomenology aesthetics .


From "The Monkey's Paw" to monkey business, the story of reform at T. P. Yeager Middle School told by Cheryl Craig highlights both the tragic and frivolous elements of many school improvement efforts. But she is after even more. She seeks to tell this story through the words and metaphors of 4 characters-Howard, Charles, Bob, and Daryl-as a solution to the "crisis of explanation" that bedevils many attempts to understand why school reform efforts fail. She implies that well-known analyses like those of Tyack and Cuban (1995) and Ravitch and Vinovskis (1995) leave her unsatisfied because they do not go deep enough in helping readers understand the roots of the challenges to reforming schools. But, in the end, it is far from clear whether the kind of narrative inquiry that she and colleagues like Clandinin and Connelly (1999) pursue can provide a more effective explanation or simply another way of thinking about reform and the experiences of those who work on it. In either case, the question in the end is whether readers end up in a better position to conceptualize, produce, understand, or critique reform efforts.


In today's era detection of security threats that are commonly referred to as intrusion, has become a very important and critical issue in network, data and information security. Highly confidential data of various organizations are present over the network so in order to preserve that data from unauthorized users or attackers a strong security framework is required. Intrusion detection system plays a major role in providing security to computer networks. An Intrusion detection system collects and analyzes information from different areas within a computer or a network to identify possible security threats that include threats from both outside as well as inside the organization. The Intrusion detection system deals with large amount of data whichcontains various irrelevant and redundant features resulting in increased processing time and low detection rate. Therefore feature selection plays an important role in intrusion detection. There arevarious feature selection methods proposed in literature by different authors. In this paper a comparative analysis of different feature selection methods are presented on KDDCUP'99 benchmark dataset and their performance are evaluated in terms of detection rate, root mean square error and computational time.


Introduction--The Energy Around Us You have probably noticed that the price of gasoline keeps going up and up with seemingly no limit in sight. Accordingly, the price of a barrel of oil is in excess of sixty dollars today, when just a few years ago it was around twelve to fifteen dollars a barrel. Why is the price of gasoline and oil increasing so much and so rapidly? There are many intertwined answers as to why the price of oil and gasoline are increasing. However, it is important to recognize that oil or, more accurately, petroleum and natural gas, represent very flexible and convenient forms of energy and that there is a large demand for them as energy resources. America and all the industrialized nations, as well as many of those in the developing world, depend heavily on the energy of fossil fuels to support their lifestyles and ways of life. We typically think of oil as the major raw material used to produce gasoline. However, it is really just one form of many forms of energy that we use as a fuel for transportation, heating and cooling, and to meet many other energy needs. Defining Energy What is energy? When we think of energy we generally think in terms of oil, coal, or uranium or perhaps how tired or energetic we are. Nearly all human activity requires some form of energy consumption. We use energy in work and recreation. We use energy when we walk to a store, ride on a bus or airplane, or talk on a cell phone. We use energy in communications, construction, manufacturing, and transportation. The food that we eat may be produced thousands of miles away on a large agri-business farm or adjacent to where we may live, where energy is required to produce, harvest, process, and transport that food. Keep in mind that many agricultural chemicals and fertilizers are produced from petroleum as well as gasoline and diesel fuels needed to cultivate and produce crops. The major benefits of petroleum are that it is very easy to transport, it is a concentrated form of energy, convenient to store and use, and can be used to produce many different kinds of products. A simple definition of energy is the capacity for doing work as measured by the capability of doing work (potential energy) or the conversion of this capability to motion (kinetic energy). Energy that is stored, such as gasoline or water behind a dam, is defined as potential energy. Electricity that is available to you through an electrical wall outlet is a source of potential energy. That electricity has the potential to do work for you! When we connect an electrical appliance to the wall outlet and turn it on, the potential electrical energy is converted into some useful form that is being consumed and is called kinetic energy or the energy of motion. In this case, the appliance could be a lamp that supplies light or a toaster that supplies heat. Here the energy is converted from electricity to light or heat. Other examples of kinetic energy are water running over a dam, an electric motor used to power a fan, or a wind generator converting the kinetic energy of the wind into electricity. Energy is available in several forms, some of which are easily convertible and can be changed to another form that is useful for work. Most of the world's convertible energy comes from fossil fuels that are burned to produce heat that is then used as a transfer medium to mechanical or other means to accomplish tasks or do work. Other forms of energy include solar, geothermal, nuclear, tidal, biomass, wind, and hydropower. Frequently these forms of energy are called "alternative" energy resources because they do not contribute large quantities of usable forms of energy demanded by industrialized societies (with the exception of nuclear energy). In looking at these forms of energy, we can see that some of them are renewable and others are not. Products and Materials Made From Petroleum As mentioned earlier, petroleum (or more readily natural gas and engine fuel) is what we hear the most about in the news because it affects our transportation systems and is a product we consume regularly in large quantities. …


AIM
To compare Quality of Life, anxiety and depression between older (≥65 years) and younger (<65 years) patients across automated peritoneal dialysis and continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis.

BACKGROUND
There is a lack of studies as to whether the different peritoneal dialysis modalities confer similar outcomes in older and younger patients.

DESIGN
Cross-sectional.

METHODS
A total of 201 patients completed the Kidney Disease Quality of Life Short-Form, World Health Organization Quality of Life Instrument, Short Form and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Comorbidity and biochemical values were abstracted from medical records.

RESULTS
Older patients reported significantly better quality of life than younger patients in the Kidney Disease Quality of Life Short-Form effects of kidney disease and patient satisfaction and the World Health Organization Quality of Life Instrument overall Quality-of-Life/health despite worse clinical profile. Quality of life outcomes were comparable between automated peritoneal dialysis and continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis with the exception of the Kidney Disease Quality of Life Short-Form symptoms in favour of automated peritoneal dialysis. Levels of anxiety and depression were equivalent for older and younger patients across peritoneal dialysis modalities. The observed quality-of-life advantages for older patients persisted after case-mix adjustments and extended to more quality-of-life domains and depression and anxiety.

CONCLUSION
Our findings of superior quality of life in patients aged ≥ 65 support the expansion of peritoneal dialysis use in older patients. Patients across different age groups should be given non-biased information about both peritoneal dialysis modalities and individual preferences should be elicited and carefully considered by healthcare providers.


The essay studies the development laws of railway freight transportation in America, analyzes the development trend of Chinese freight transportation along with the influential factors upon it, and puts forward that railway freight transportation should put more emphases on intermodal transportation, high value-added freight transportation and take more effective marketing strategy. Targeting the current supply and demand status of railway freight transportation, the essay also suggests adjusting the soft and hardware transport resources in the railway sector.


In this paper we consider the risk process that is described by a piecewise deterministic Markov processes(PDMP).We first present the construction of the risk process and them discuss some ruin problems for this new kind of risk model.


Objective. To determine time trends in incidence, prevalence, and clinical characteristics of psoriatic arthritis (PsA) over a 30-year period. Methods. We identified a population-based incidence cohort of subjects aged 18 years or over who fulfilled ClASsification of Psoriatic ARthritis (CASPAR) criteria for PsA between January 1, 1970, and December 31, 1999, in Olmsted County, Minnesota, USA. PsA incidence date was defined as the diagnosis date of those who fulfilled CASPAR criteria. Ageand sex-specific incidence rates were estimated and ageand sex-adjusted to the 2000 US White population. Results. The PsA incidence cohort comprised 147 adult subjects with a mean age of 42.7 years, and 61% were men. The overall ageand sex-adjusted annual incidence of PsA per 100,000 was 7.2 [95% confidence interval (CI) 6.0, 8.4] with a higher incidence in men (9.1, 95% CI 7.1, 11.0) than women (5.4, 95% CI 4.0, 6.9). The ageand sex-adjusted incidence of PsA per 100,000 increased from 3.6 (95% CI 2.0, 5.2) between 1970 and 1979 to 9.8 (95% CI 7.7, 11.9) between 1990 and 2000 (p for trend < 0.001). The point prevalence per 100,000 was 158 (95% CI 132, 185) in 2000, with a higher prevalence in men (193, 95% CI 150, 237) than women (127, 95% CI 94, 160). At incidence, most PsA subjects had oligoarticular involvement (49%) with enthesopathy (29%). Conclusion. The incidence of PsA has been rising over 30 years in men and women. Reasons for the increase are unknown, but may be related to a true change in incidence or greater physician awareness of the diagnosis. (First Release Jan 15 2009; J Rheumatol 2009;36:361–7; doi:10.3899/ jrheum.080691) Key Indexing Terms: EPIDEMIOLOGY PSORIATIC ARTHRITIS POPULATION-BASED STUDY From the Divisions of Rheumatology, Health Sciences Research, and Dermatology, Mayo Clinic, College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, USA. Supported by an unrestricted research grant from Amgen Inc. F.C. Wilson, MD, Clinical Fellow, Division of Rheumatology; M. Icen, MD; C.S. Crowson, MS, Division of Health Sciences Research; M.T. McEvoy, MD, Division of Dermatology; S.E. Gabriel, MD, MSc; H. Maradit Kremers, MD, MSc, Division of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic. Address reprint requests to Dr. F.C. Wilson, Division of Rheumatology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905. E-mail: email@example.com Accepted for publication September 20, 2008. Few population-based studies exist documenting the incidence and prevalence of psoriatic arthritis (PsA)1. Annual incidence estimates of PsA range from 3 to 23 per 100,000, while prevalence estimates vary widely from 0.02% to 0.25%, with higher estimates in recent years1-13. These variations may be due to secular trends in epidemiology of PsA, increased recognition of the condition over time, or differences in case ascertainment methods in individual studies1,8,12. Several classification criteria with widely variable sensitivity and specificity have been used, but none has been universally accepted. Hence, the comparability of the published incidence and prevalence estimates of PsA is problematic. The recently validated classification criteria set for PsA from the ClASsification of Psoriatic ARthritis (CASPAR) group offers a unique opportunity to assess time trends in incidence and prevalence rates of PsA using the same criteria consistently over time, irrespective of patients' assigned diagnoses at the time of their medical care14. Further, the sensitivity and specificity of the CASPAR criteria are high in established and early PsA14,15. Therefore, criteria can readily be applied retrospectively to ascertain subjects with PsA through review of the original medical records. In addition, the clinical manifestations of PsA have been heterogenous in reported case series8,12. One reason for this may be inclusion of subjects with established PsA. The disease course of early PsA differs from late PsA given the tendency of an oligoarticular pattern to evolve into a polyarticular pattern8. We sought to determine the time trends in incidence, prevalence, and the clinical and radiographic features of PsA over a 30-year period using the recently validated CASPAR criteria. MATERIALS AND METHODS Study setting. Our study was designed as a retrospective, population-based study in Olmsted County, Minnesota, USA, using the data resources of the Rochester Epidemiology Project (REP). According to the 2000 Olmsted Rheumatology The Journal of on May 4, 2015 Published by www.jrheum.org Downloaded from County census, the total population is 124,277, and 90% of individuals are White. The socioeconomic characteristics of the source population are similar to US Whites generally, except that a higher percentage of the population is employed in healthcare-related services, with a high proportion of college or advanced degrees. The REP is a diagnostic indexing and medical-records linkage system and its potential for population-based studies has been described in detail16,17. Population-based epidemiologic research in this community is enhanced due to relative geographic isolation from urban centers. In addition, nearly all medical care is delivered to local residents by a small number of healthcare providers, including the Mayo Clinic and its affiliated hospitals, the Olmsted Medical Center, the Olmsted Community Hospital, local nursing homes, and a few private practitioners. All medical, surgical, and histological diagnoses and other key information are abstracted and entered into computerized indices to facilitate case identification. This unique population-based data resource ensures virtually complete ascertainment and followup of all clinically diagnosed cases of PsA in a geographically defined community. Further, data from all providers are contained in a single comprehensive medical-records linkage system. Availability of the original medical records, including results of all laboratory and radiographic tests, allows identification and reclassification of potential subjects with PsA based on contemporary diagnostic criteria. Data collection. Using the resources of the REP, we identified all subjects aged 18 years and over with a diagnosis suggestive of PsA or both psoriasis and arthritis from January 1, 1969, through December 31, 1999. The complete medical records (from all healthcare providers) of all potential subjects with PsA were identified and reviewed by a clinical rheumatology fellow (FCW) using a standardized, computerized, pretested data abstraction form. Data collection included information on demographics, clinical manifestations, laboratory data, and radiographic characteristics. For inclusion into the study as a subject with incident PsA, subjects must have demonstrated inflammatory articular disease (joint, spinal, entheseal) documented by either a primary care physician or a rheumatologist, and have met the CASPAR criteria14 at that visit by attaining a score ≥ 3 among the following 5 categories: (1) current psoriasis (score of 2), a personal history of psoriasis, or a family history of psoriasis (does not score if current psoriasis present); (2) nail dystrophy such as onycholysis, pitting, or hyperkeratosis; (3) a negative rheumatoid factor (RF); (4) current dactylitis or a personal history of dactylitis as recorded by a rheumatologist; and (5) radiographic evidence of psoriatic bone changes of the hand or foot such as joint space narrowing, juxtaarticular new bone formation, ankylosis, spondylitis, joint erosions, periostitis, osteolysis, and sacroiliitis on plain radiographs at time of PsA diagnosis14. Hard copies of approximately 75% of radiographs were available for review. We recorded the date of first radiographs (irrespective of findings) and the date, site, and findings of the first positive radiographs. The final incidence cohort comprised subjects aged ≥ 18 years who first fulfilled CASPAR criteria between January 1, 1970, through December 31, 1999. Subjects who did not fulfill CASPAR criteria or who were diagnosed outside the study time period were excluded. All subjects were followed up until January 1, 2007, for vital status. Statistical analysis. Ageand sex-specific incidence rates were calculated assuming individuals aged ≥ 18 years were at risk for PsA. Ageand sexspecific incidence rates were calculated by using the number of incident cases as the numerator and population estimates based on decennial census counts as the denominator, with linear interpolation between census years as described18. Only subjects who were residents of Olmsted County at disease onset and who fulfilled the CASPAR criteria for PsA were included in the incidence calculations. Overall incidence rates were ageand sexadjusted to the US White population. Ninety-five percent confidence intervals (95% CI) for the incidence rates were constructed using the assumption that the number of incident cases per year follows a Poisson distribution. Incidence trends were examined using Poisson regression models. Smoothing splines were used to model the age effect and obtain the smoothed curves shown in Figure 1. The prevalence of PsA in 2000 was estimated by using the number of prevalence cases on January 1, 2000, as the numerator and the Olmsted County population in 2000 as the denominator. We accepted a p value of less than 0.05 as significant for data analysis. Kaplan-Meier methods were used to estimate survival. Expected survival in the general population was obtained from the Minnesota White population life tables, according to the age and sex distribution of the PsA cohort. A one-sample log-rank test was used to compare observed and expected survival. Ageand sex-specific incidence and prevalence rates were applied to the total US population in 2000 to estimate the number of affected individuals in the US population. RESULTS We identified a total of 357 Olmsted County residents with a potential diagnosis of PsA. Of these, 147 subjects aged ≥ 18 years fulfilled the CASPAR crite


The textbook examines issues of corporate governance in the banking sector. The structure of the publication covers the main areas of corporate governance, which include an overview of the regulator's requirements, industry recommendations, exchange requirements, international and national experience of corporate governance in banks. The content of the textbook meets the requirements of the Russian Federal State Educational Standard of Higher Education of the latest generation, as well as professional standards. The book is presented in an accessible form, clearly illustrated. The publication is intended for specialists in the field of corporate governance, finance and credit, internal control and audit, for graduates.


Emtricitabine is a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor for the prevention of HIV infection. This drug's, clinical and pharmaceutical analysis requires effective analytical procedures and stability studies for quality control and pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetic studies. A comprehensive literature survey published in various journals related to analytical and pharmaceutical chemistry was conducted and instrumental analytical methods were developed and used in bulk drugs and pharmaceutical dosage form as single and combined with other drugs. This review will critically examine UV spectroscopy analytical methods (simultaneous equation method, derivative spectrophotometric method, absorption ratio and Qbased method), High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), High-performance thinlayer chromatography (HPTLC), Liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS).


Dr. Seymour Cohn has pointed out that the equation for attenuation as shown on page four of the article "Double-Ridge Waveguide for Commercial Airlines Weather Radar Installation" by the undersigned should be corrected to read as follows: Using a value for K of 1.2 which seems reasonable for this geometry, Dr. Cohn has computed the attenuation for the double ridge guide and obtained numbers of 0.0407 decibel per foot at 9375 mc, which agrees rather well with measured data.


The existence of a correlation between Peel's index, pulmonary radiological findings (X-ray carried out in bed immediately after admittance) and clinical condition at discharge has been verified statistically in 92 patients admitted to coronary units for acute myocardial infarction.


Design of a solution for the integration of Wireless Sensor Networks and RFID 1. Active networking of Smart Objects: attach embedded wireless devices to objects and develop protocols for multi-hop, dynamic wireless networking. Devices are also able to sense their condition. 2. Structured data: Smart Object interactions are reported to an Information Infrastructure. A centralized repository stores the real-time structure of every network. 3.Information Sharing: the repository is made accessible globally. Clients can query the structure and subscribe to sensor data that is pushed in real-time from the Smart Object networks.


2014 ended with a historic change in relations between Cuba and the USA. "After all, these 50 years have shown that isolation has not worked", stated US President Barack Obama on Dec 17. Although issues around politics, freedom, and civil rights still stand and should not be overlooked, Obama pointed out, "Where we can advance shared interests, we will—on issues like health, migration, counterterrorism, drug traffi cking and disaster response". Obama cited health. With a life expectancy of 79 years, 67 doctors per 10 000 people (whereas the regional average is 21 per 10 000), and with hundreds of Cuban doctors now fi ghting Ebola in west Africa, health indeed does come to mind fi rst when one thinks of Cuba. According to the Global Burden of Disease 2013 data published in The Lancet, Cuba's top three killers (ischaemic heart disease, stroke, and lung cancer) are typical of high-income countries. Cuba's maternal mortality ratio of 39·8 per 100 000 livebirths is low compared with that of Brazil and Mexico (58·7 and 54·0, respectively), and has improved notably in the past


A simple and sensitive spectrophotometric method for the determination of oxalacetic acid in the presence of aluminum ion has been developed by the measurement of the difference in absorbance ΔA of the reaction mixture as a function of time.


We consider a distributed non cooperative control setting i n which systems are interconnected via state constraints. Each of these system s is governed by an agent which is responsible for exchanging information with its neighbours and computing a feedback law using a nonlinear model predictive ontroller to avoid violations of constraints. For this setting we present an al gorithm which allows us to run all agents mostly in parallel. Moreover, we show bot h feasibility and stability of the closed loop using only abstract properties of this algorithm. To this end, we utilize a trajectory based stability result which we extend to the distributed setting.


Microglia,a class of resident cells in the brain,function as immune cells in the central nervous system(CNS),and they participate in the first line of defense against invading pathogens.When microorganisms enter the parenchyma of the brain,microglia will rapidly respond to the invasion.They are capable of recognizing and phagocytizing infectious pathogens,presenting antigens,and secreting bioactive substances.However,the excessive activation of microglia can lead to immune-mediated disorders and neurodegenerative diseases.Therefore,they play a role in both physiological and pathological conditions.This article reviews the functions and mechanisms of microglia in viral infections of the CNS.


A polymeric hybrid composite system made of high-performance concrete (HPC) and an innovative carbon/epoxy reinforced polymer (CFRP) unidirectional laminates was proposed as a retrofit system to enhance flexural strength and ductility of reinforced concrete (RC) slabs. The effectiveness of the proposed system was confirmed through experimental evaluation of three full-scale one-way slabs having two continuous spans. In this study, the results of the loading tests for the hybrid high-performance retrofit system are presented and discussed. Design limits to derive a flexural failure of a continuous RC slab strengthened with the hybrid retrofit system are extracted. Using the proposed design limits, the procedure of a flexural failure design for a continuous RC slab strengthened with the hybrid retrofit system is demonstrated with numerical examples for two types of the retrofit systems with respect to overlay strength. The flexural failure design limits can be extended for flexural and shear strengthening design with externally bonded FRP to ensure flexure failure for a continuous flexural members. 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.


Dynamics of basin fluid is a synthetical discipline to study the flow processes of fluid and kinetic and dynamic processes of fluid-rock interaction in sedimentary basin by the integrated geological, geophysical and geochemical means and computer modeling techniques, which focuses on the integrated research of history of temperature, pressure and geochemistry fields under the framework of fluid carrier network. Basin fluid system pays a very important role on the variation of mineral composition and redistribution of energy in sedimentary basin, which also controls the process of generation, migration and accumulation of hydrocarbon, and the formation of ore deposits. Hence, the study on dynamics of basin fluid has been paid attention to by a lot of scientists at home and a broad. For last 10 years, some important advances in dynamics of basin fluid include flow patterns, carrier network, fluid-rock interaction, analysis means tracing fluid flow, and computer modeling in sedimentary basin. With the application of new theories and technology, the study on basin fluid will bring a greater increase in resource exploration.


This paper presents a new and general frame-of-reference for the unified, power flow solution of AC and DC micro-grids using the Newton-Raphson method, where the quadratic convergence towards the solution is preserved. The cornerstone of this modeling development in power flow theory is the so-called multi-terminal VSC-HVDC system. In this frame-of-reference, an AC micro-grid of arbitrary configuration is connected to the high-voltage side of the LTC transformer of a VSC station. In turn, the DC side of each VSC is linked to a DC system of arbitrary configuration. Any number of AC micro-grids may exist and the DC system may contain single load or generation points such as a PV installation. Each VSC model takes into account, in aggregated form, the phase-shifting and scaling nature of the PWM control. It also accounts for the VSC current design limits, PWM limits within the linear range, switching losses and ohmic losses.


The present invention is a hydrogel comprising a cogel of silicon oxide and at least one further metal oxide prepared; if appropriate, less than 0.1 weight percent based on the weight of the content of alkali metal ions is solid the hydrogel was washed until; moisture content extracts the water from the hydrogel until the total content of the liquid to less than 5% by weight based on; and to form a xerogel by drying the hydrogel; comprising the step, olefin polymerization the method for producing a substantially spherical carrier for catalysts. According to the present invention, the extraction process is water and using at least partially miscible organic solvents, to a water content of less than 50 wt%, of at least one batch extraction performed; Subsequently, water comprising; at least partially performs at least one continuous extraction using a miscible organic solvent.


AbstractOne of the smallest ethno-religious groups native to Iraq and Iran, the Mandaeans can claim to be one of the region's longest surviving traditions as the last remaining Gnostic religion from Late Antiquity. Their survival is as puzzling as it is remarkable. According to their own traditions, they have always lived in close proximity to members of other faiths, never composing more than a small fraction of the population, and were always subject to the rule of others. Perhaps for this reason, the Mandaeans have often presented their faith to outsiders in a manner that emphasizes common practices and shared beliefs, while still establishing barriers to full assimilation. While this strategy may have sustained the Mandaeans as a community over the centuries, it has also repeatedly failed to protect them in times of intense sectarian conflict and is beginning to break down as Mandaeans increasingly spread throughout the world.


Based on the family members′ migration data of eight cities in Tumen River Area,the urban social network space structure in this area had been compared and analyzed with the theory and analysis methods of social network.The researches show that the urban social network in Tumen River Area already has a certain scale,and network size and network density are constantly increasing and the growth is more obvious after 2000.The scale effects and agglomeration advantages of network played positive roles.Directions of external linkages were mainly Northeast China,Shandong,Beijing and other countries such as Korea and Japan,the network of Tumen River Area showed extraversion significantly.In this area,Yanji City showed the strongest centrality and the strongest core;Dunhua City was the followed which was the gateway for connection with rest of the country.Directions of internal linkages were mainly central cities,meanwhile,the linkage intensity between other cities was weak,which leads to lower efficiency of entire network.This study could provide valuable reference for urban development,regional planning and industrial distribution of this area.


Flying robots are usually rather delicate and require protective enclosures when facing the risk of collision, while high complexity and reduced payload are recurrent problems with collision-resilient flying robots. Inspired by arthropods' exoskeletons, we design a simple, open source, easily manufactured, semi-rigid structure with soft joints that can withstand high-velocity impacts. With an exoskeleton, the protective shell becomes part of the main robot structure, thereby minimizing its loss in payload capacity. Our design is simple to build and customize using cheap components (e.g. bamboo skewers) and consumer-grade 3D printers. The result is CogniFly, a sub-250 g autonomous quadcopter that survives multiple collisions at speeds up to 7 m s−1. In addition to its collision-resilience, CogniFly carries sensors that allow it to fly for approx. 17 min without the need of GPS or an external motion capture system, and it has enough computing power to run deep neural network models on-board. This structure becomes an ideal platform for high-risk activities, such as flying in a cluttered environment or reinforcement learning training, by dramatically reducing the risks of damaging its own hardware or the environment. Source code, 3D files, instructions and videos are available (open source license) through the project's website: https://thecognifly.github.io.


This viewgraph presentation reviews some findings from the Spitzer telescope about star formation. The presentation shows charts summarizing information from the Spitzer Telescope and other observations.


Introduction The evasion of apoptosis has been character-ized as one of the six major hallmarks of cancer [1]. In cancerous cells, the normal program-ming to undergo apoptosis may not be activated due to the nonreception of proapoptotic signals, the decrease or lack of synthesis of proapop-totic signals, the increase in the synthesis of antiapoptotic signals or a combination of these [2]. As multiple gain- or loss-of-function muta-tions, from spontaneous, cytotoxic, or UV-induced mutation, viral infection or uncorrected misreading during transcription, are incorpo-rated into the defective genomes, these evasive cells may subsequently acquire invasive and/or metastatic ability, ultimately leading to cancer and the possible demise of the host. Strategies have been ongoing in many laborato-ries to look for new agents, such as piperazine derivatives, which can function as anti-cancer drugs [1, 3]. Historically, most piperazine de-rivatives have been used as antihelminthics or antibiotics [4-11]. However, it has been re-cently demonstrated that some piperazine de-rivatives are capable of inducing apoptosis in some cancer cells [10]. This report provides novel evidence that 1,4-bis-(4-(1H-benzo[d] imi-dazol-2-yl-phenyl)) piperazine (BIPP) (Figure 1A) induces apoptosis in leukemia cells without affecting normal monocytes. We further charac-terize that BIPP utilizes intrinsic apoptotic sig-naling mechanisms to induce leukemia cell death. Materials and methods


Objective:To investigate the influence to the results of prothrombin time(PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time(APTT) causing by different volumes of clinical blood collection.Methods:The PT and APTT of 15 patients were assayed,respectively,by the BE-RockRotor instrument using different volumes of clinical blood collection and the data were analyzed statistically.Results:The results of PT and APTT which the volumes of clinical blood collection were 1.8 mL or 1.8 mL were different significantly in statistics to those which the volumes were accurate.Conclusion:The results of PT and APTT were influenced by the volumes of clinical blood collection.So using the standard blood collection procedure for blood clotting system determining is necessary and can offer the accurate results for clinical diagnosis.


A convective transport model is developed to study the role of thermal diffusion, or the Ludwig–Soret effect, in nanofluid systems with temperature gradients. The study deals with a fluid suspension of nanoparticles enclosed between two differentially heated horizontal, relatively closely spaced plates (Benard configuration). An order-of-magnitude analysis is performed to identify the relevant parameters of the problem. Three-dimensional simulations are performed taking into account different conditions, including normal or microgravity conditions, gravity orientation, and positive or negative Soret effect. Different modes of convective instabilities are shown to be present in the system, which are associated with the gravity force and the density differences induced by concentration gradients. The characteristic flow patterns and instability developments are in agreement with the experimental findings obtained by independent investigators on colloidal suspensions. The onset of instabilities, their charac...


The present network of triangulation in the United States is the result of adding individual surveys season by season to the existing framework. The last major readjustment of the national net was in 1927. The skeleton framework of that date is now covered by crisscrossing arcs and area nets of first- and modified second-order triangulation. When each survey is mathematically adjusted to be consistent with the previously adjusted surveys, small twists and strains are introduced. These tend to accumulate through successive adjustments to a point where observations are distorted far beyond normal expected errors. Efforts are made to keep this distortion to a minimum by increasing standards of accuracy for the basic framework and by planning surveys to give strength to the net as well as furnishing desired information for engineering and scientific projects. Methods of computation which will give complete information on internal accuracy and checks must be used. Also, through the application of modern electronic computing equipment, it is possible to adjust the maximum size net, thereby reducing probability of extreme distortion.


Earlier there were proposed some methods and devices to influence rate of physical and chemical reactions, biological processes or period of oscillation of the system. In the works by N.A. Kozyrev [1] there is a description of the experiments on the influence of some process (for example, process of evaporation or crystallization of matter) upon the period of another process, which serves as a detector and can be compared with reference oscillation process. In one case, rate of oscillations of the detector decreases in the surrounding area near the process of matter evaporation. In another case, rate of detector oscillations increases in the surrounding area near the process of matter crystallization. If we use a term of "entropy" then it is possible to say that the processes which are accompanied with entropy increasing (for example, conversion of matter from solid state into liquid one) influence on the matter (surrounding processes) in such a way that entropy of systems decreases. In another case, for example, near the process of crystallization, entropy of systems increases in the surrounding area near this process. Kozyrev used the term of "wave of density of time" and he made a conclusion that in addition to "directivity" of time (time course) there are active properties of time, for example, "density of time".


As the concept of attention economy getting into newspaper industry,layout has become an important part for newspaper to create brand effect,expand market share,attract advertisement customer and increase income.Facing strong competition,newspapers begin to pursue first eye effect to be unique in the colorful newspaper-stand.How to make its newspaper more individualized and its layout more attractive to get more readers to activate more purchasing desire so as to provide momentum for newspaper to have a benign development has become a focused matter.So it is very significant to have a study on layout of our today's newspaper,conclude experience,make analysis and put forward thought from the angle of communication science.


questionnaires completed by music-teacherstudents and later, by the same respondents as qualified teachers. The informants came from all six Swedish institutions of higher education in music. The first data set dates from 1987 when the original interviews were held. The main study began in 1988 with 169 newly accepted music-teacher-students. Since then, there have been additional studies with these respondents both during their time as students


We briefly review the effects of climate (particularly drought and hurricanes), insect outbreaks, and fire on populations of migrant birds. An important feature of all of these natural disturbances is that they occur over a variety of spatial and temporal scales, thus precluding any simple generalization of their effects or of methods for mitigating those effects. We recognize that (1) natural catastrophic phenomena will inevitably occur; (2) an ecosystem will consist of a mosaic of patches that reflects the recurrence time and spatial extent of these disturbances; and (3) after some period a disturbed patch will recover. We therefore recommend that an appropriate goal is to have as a management unit a sufficiently large area (not necessarily contiguous) to contain some minimum number of patches that will be in a recovered state. This "incorporation" of disturbance is facilitated by increasing the size of the management unit or altering the size and/or frequency of disturbance. We suggest that the most pressing research need is to determine the characteristic scale of disturbances that are important and relevant to the species and habitats that we have an interest in presewing.


Supply chain is a widely used concept around the world. Nowadays, companies need to integrate their production processes, from the raw materials to the end-user. Supply chain management is a phenomenon that achieves this in a way that ensures customers get reliable and fast service and high quality products at the lowest possible cost. There is very limited and sporadic research on supply chain integration and how it affects supply chain performance. Therefore there is no real understanding of the concept of supply chain integration and how it affects supply chain performance nor is there a holistic model. This paper thus aims to present a model that identifies factors affecting the relationship between supply chain integration and customer delivery performance. After analyzing the collected data on supply chain integration and customer delivery performance, the preliminary model was proposed and completed, and using expert opinion in the Imam Khomeini Oil Refinery the final model and for factors affecting the relationship between supply chain integration and customer delivery performance were presented. To determine how these factors interrelate with each other, the DEMATEL method was then used. The statistical population included the staff at Imam Khomeini Oil Refinery in Shazand. The data, collected through the standard DEMATEL questionnaire, were analyzed using the DEMATEL method and a MATLAB program. The DEMATEL results indicate that intra-organizational factors, institutional norms, technological certainties are causal factors which influence other factors that affect the relationship between supply chain integration and customer


volves unsaturated free or esterified fatty acids. Titis seems to be true in tissue sections, ahhouglt in otlter in vitro situations some proteins and mucopolysacchari des may react, s The use of an "en bloc" osmium tetroxide method has been proposed in various classic publications on ltistology and histochemistry. ~-s Most of these attthors propose fixing the tissue in Ahmann's or Flemming's solutions, which contain osmium tetroxide. Objections to the results have ranged from the high background staining to the instability of the preparation. In spite of tile fact that Lison (cited in reference 4) pointed out in 1936 tlmt the addition of oxidizing agents .would decrease tile background intensity, we have not come across this ntodification until recently. ~ In the present study we tested the reliability of a further modified "en bloc" osmication procedure that retains the lipid compounds in the tissue, thus permitting its subsequent routine processing and sectioning. The "en bloc" application of an oxidizing agent resuhs in a clear background. We contpared the resuhs obtained with tiffs method and those obtained when forntalinized lung tissue was frozen sectioned and stained witlt oil red O. For this purpose hmg tissue was selected front two groups of patients witlt potential fat embolization, with varying degrees of traunta and bone fractures, and from a control population. After independent blind evaluation anti the grading of eaclt tissue section, the findings were assessed and correlated with the time interval between the onset of injury and death. Tire rates of appearance and disappearance of rite fatty substance, plotted against time, did not vary significantly with either teclmique, anti correlated well with previons studies in which the tinte interval from trauma to death was taken into account? "~~ Ttte significant advantages of this techniqt~e are that it permits visualizatioli of minute quantities of lipid maierial anti makes it possible to evaluate in ntore detail tire surrounding tissues with regard to associated histologic alterations anti reactions.


Comprehensive low-temperature specific-heat data $C(T,H)$ of ${\mathrm{Na}}_{0.35}{\mathrm{CoO}}_{2}\ifmmode\cdot\else\textperiodcentered\fi{}1.3\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}{\mathrm{H}}_{2}\mathrm{O}$ with temperature $T$ down to $0.6\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{K}$ and the magnetic field $H$ up to $8\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{T}$ are presented. In the normal state, the values of ${\ensuremath{\gamma}}_{\mathrm{n}}=13.94\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{mJ}∕\mathrm{mol}\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}{\mathrm{K}}^{2}$ and Debye temperature ${\ensuremath{\Theta}}_{\mathrm{D}}=362\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{K}$ are reported. At zero field, a very sharp superconducting anomaly was observed at ${T}_{c}=4.5\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{K}$ with $\ensuremath{\Delta}C∕{\ensuremath{\gamma}}_{\mathrm{ns}}{T}_{c}=1.45$ if the specific-heat jump is normalized to the superconducting volume fraction, which is estimated to be 47.4% based on the consideration of entropy balance at ${T}_{c}$ for the second-order superconducting phase transition. In the superconducting state, the electronic contribution ${C}_{es}$ at $H=0$ can be well described by the model of the line nodal order parameter. In low $H$, $\ensuremath{\delta}\ensuremath{\gamma}(H)\ensuremath{\propto}{H}^{1∕2}$, which is also a manifestation of the line nodes. The behaviors of both ${T}_{c}(H)$ and $\ensuremath{\gamma}(H)$ suggest the anisotropy of ${H}_{c2}$, or possible crossovers or transitions occurring in the mixed state.


influenza vaccination of older adults, pregnant women, and others with chronic medical conditions [2]. Vaccination rates among the elderly increased substantially during the 1990s [3] but subsequently plateaued at approximately 60% to 70%. Older adults continue to experience a disproportionate burden of severe illness caused by influenza. Unfortunately, influenza vaccine effectiveness is generally lower among older populations, even during seasons when vaccine strains are well matched to circulating viruses. Efforts to overcome immune senescence and identify formulations with improved immunogenicity and clinical protection have been a focus of researchers, manufacturers, and the government. The potential roles of highdose antigen formulations as well as adjuvants in improving immune response have been of particular interest with respect to both avian and seasonal influenza vaccines. Jackson investigated effects of dose, adjuvant, and age on the immunogenicity of pandemic vaccine [1]. Of note, the study used antigen from 1 manufacturer extemporaneously mixed with an oil-inwater emulsion adjuvant of another, mimicking a potential real-life need to expand vaccine coverage during a pandemic. The immunogenicity of 2 doses of 3.5, 7.5, and 15 μg of split inactivated 2009 H1N1 vaccine with AS03 adjuvant or 7.5 and 15 μg without adjuvant was assessed in adults aged 18–64 and ≥65 years. Confirming the results of earlier 2009 H1N1 vaccine studies, a single dose of unadjuvanted vaccine at either standard (15 µg) or half (7.5 µg) dose induced serum hemagglutination-inhibition (HI) antibody responses in the majority of adults in either age group, although a greater proportion of older adults receiving the standard dose achieved HI titers of ≥40 [4–6]. Rising HI antibody titers were evident as early as 8 days after a single dose of either unadjuvanted or adjuvanted vaccine, consistent with other reports [7]. Adjuvanted vaccine elicited more robust responses in adults aged ≥65 years compared with the standard dose of unadjuvanted vaccine, and a second dose of adjuvanted vaccine boosted titers in seniors as well as in younger adults, with a notable increase in the durability of the response at 6 months. Significantly lower responses were detected within each vaccine group in those aged 36–50 and 51–64 years compared with the youngest group aged 18–35 years.


Objective To study the effect of nasolacrimal duct reconstruction for refractory congenital dacryocystitis with KTP laser.Methods The nasolacrimal duct obstruction was opened by KTP laser and Tailibituo ocular ointment was injected to lacrimal passage.Results 96 cases (96 eyes) were cured by one time treatment and epiphora disappeared in all of them.After following up for 6-12 months,the lacrimal passages was expedite while irrigating.Conclusion Nasolacrimal duct reconstruction with KTP laser is effective for refractory congenital dacryocystitis.


An old Chinese proverb says, "if you want to be rich, build a path". The People's Republic of China (from now on, China) has already verified this proverb's validity in the old Silk Road. The oldest and most famous trade route in history has managed to help China and the surrounding region reach an imaginary peak in its time. Today, after centuries of unrest, wars, economic decline, and international isolation, China is once again building a path to help it return to the world's most developed nations, the New Silk Road, respectively the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI). The BRI has been defined as "the most eye-catching and possibly the one with the longest-term significance" (Ferdinand, 2017) ["Westward Ho — The China Dream and 'One Belt, One Road': Chinese Foreign Policy under Xi Jinping," in Weiqing Song, ed., China's Relations with Central and Eastern Europe: From "Old Comrades" to New Partners (London: Routledge, 2017), pp. 1–18]. The Silk Road project was introduced in 2013 by the Chinese President Xi Jinping in response to the economic crisis and the subsequent effort to find new markets and trading partners. The BRI restores the idea of the ancient Silk Road. The BRI is thus the result of a changed approach to foreign policy and the idea of opening up China. However, this policy cannot be perceived only as economic cooperation, but a well-thought-out Chinese foreign policy to expand its influence not only in Asia. The Sinocentric view of the world is thus one of the fundamental aspects of Chinese foreign policy formation. What will the country have to deal with in the future and, above all, what can we expect from China? This paper aims to provide insights into the visions proposed by the BRI, i.e. to capture the main milestones in the current development of the BRI, detailed analysis of its nature, and its current situation and implementation.


This presentation describes the experience of the RHIC/ATLAS Computing Facility (RCF/ACF) in building and managing its 2,700+ CPU (and growing) Linux Farm at Brookhaven National Laboratory over the past 6+ years. We describe how hardware cost & configuration, resource requirements, software support and other considerations have played a role in the process of steering the growth of the RCF/ACF Linux Farm in the midst of an ongoing transition from being a generally local resource to a global, Grid-aware resource within a larger, distributed computing environment.


Before proceeding to the analysis of the Situation of attributive adjectives in earlier stages of the language I will be concerned with the characteristics of the category "adjective" in present day English and the Status of participles so äs to know what to include or not for my analysis. Such a goal can be only achieved by taking into consideration different criteria: morphological, semantic, syntactic and word-order (Bhat, 1994). Up to 1800 both adjectives and substantives were considered to belong to the category of nouns though their Status within it were certainly different. When dealing with adjective-nouns such criteria were basically of a semantic character since "Quality is all times by far the commonest name for what the adjective expresses" (Michael 1970: 293). The same grammars that expressed this type of ideas defended that from a syntactic point of view adjectives were not to be found alone but depending on a substantive-noun. In what follows I will try to deal with each of these factors in turn.


Anhui is implementing the strategy of innovation-driven development to build an innovating province. During thiscourse,the main player of innovation,enterprises,play a key role. As for means of enterprises innovation,thecollaborating one is high-efficient,as well as a trend. This thesis conducts research on collaborating innovation mechanismfrom the perspective of both inside and outside of enterprises in Anhui,which is conducive and meaningful to heighteningthe effectiveness of the collaborating innovation.


The second stage of processing in the Number Field Sieve (NFS) and Function Field Sieve (FFS) algorithms when applied to discrete logarithm problems requires the solution of a large, sparse linear system de ned over a nite eld. This operation, although well studied in theory, presents a practical bottleneck that can limit the size of problem either algorithm can tackle. In order to partially bridge this gap between theory and practise, we investigate and develop a fast, scalable implementation of the Lanczos algorithm over GF (p) that can solve such systems in parallel using workstation clusters and dedicated Beowulf clusters.


The railway operations' planning consists in finding the best use of the available infrastructure, rollingstock and crew units to cover a given timetable. A commonly adopted scheme breaks down planningas decision-making levels and resources.However, the occurrence of perturbations may deteriorate the quality of the solutions or even makethem infeasible. Therefore, railway operators aim to find robust schedules that minimize the impact ofperturbations. To this purpose, the decisions made for each resource (infrastructure, rolling stock andcrew) must include the demand cover as well as the robustness objectives.Nevertheless, all tested strategies focus on a single resource at a time, neglecting resource sharing andits impact on the robustness. But the sequential scheme of resource planning can increase thepropagation delays on other trains. Integrating of tactical decisions of the three resourcesinfrastructure, rolling stock and crew can result in a more robust schedule that minimizes thepropagation of delays. The main motivations of the thesis come from this idea.The objective of this work is to develop decision support tools that provide an integrated and robustplanning of railway resources at the tactical level. We propose in this thesis several contributions:1. An optimization model that aims to develop a robust transport plan of the three critical resourcessimultaneously.2. A simulation model (discrete event) to assess the robustness of transport plans. We are trying at thisstage to reproduce the actual behavior of the rail system and the use of three critical resources.


Nursing, through the leadership of the American NursesAssociation (ANA), has been recognized for commitment to practice standards for many years with the first practice standards published in 1973 (Taylor, 1991). School nursing published its first standards of practice in 1983 (ANA & National Association of School Nurses [NASN], 2005). In the 1980s, nursing organizations and the ANA developed a framework to make standards consistent in order to address the variability of existing standards among specialties (Taylor, 1991). As a specialty organization, the NASN a constituent member of ANA participated in the move to adopt the nursing process as the framework for scope and standards across specialties (Praeger, 2005). Scope and standards of practice are useful for practice setting administrators, consumers, regulators, and the public to outline the steps that nurses take to meet client health care needs. Most importantly, scope and standards of practice provide for consistency within nursing (Wysoker, 2001). ''Standards are authoritative statements of the duties that all registered nurses are expected to perform competently'' (ANA, 2010, p. 2). Scope and standards publications have maintained the nursing process framework and the expansion of the standards has evolved with contemporary thinking to enhance the understanding of each standard (Proctor, 2006). For example, the documents have included guidelines and measurement criteria. The scope and standards for school nursing practice, in development now, are guided by the new ANA Nursing: Scope and Standards of Practice and will have competencies as evidence of meeting each standard. The addition of graduate level school nursing competencies and advanced practice nurse competencies align with current definitions of practice, from generalist to specialist. The recognition of nursing's role in environmental health in the upcoming generic scope and standards and the School Nursing: Scope and Standards of Practice also reflect the dynamic nature of such publications. The development of the scope and standards for school nursing practice is based on an iterative, consensus building process among expert school nursing clinicians, academics, and researchers. Public feedback resulting from review by intradisciplinary and interdisciplinary colleagues and consumers allow for final revisions to assure a high level of content validity.


Coupling of ethynyl terminated poly(3-hexylthiophene) with azide terminated poly(γ-benzyl L-glutamate) afforded the respective block copolymer in good yield and high purity; this material was found to self assemble into hierarchal structures in solution and in the solid state.


An experimental and analytical investigation was conducted to determine the effect of a ceramic coating on the average metal temperatures of full annular, film cooled combustion chamber liner. The investigation was conducted at pressures from 0.50 to 0.062. At all test conditions, experimental results indicate that application of a ceramic coating will result in significantly lower wall temperatures. In a simplified heat transfer analysis, agreement between experimental and calculated liner temperatures was achieved. Simulated spalling of a small portion of the ceramic coating resulted in only small increases in liner temperature because of the thermal conduction of heat from the hotter, uncoated liner metal.


Based on the property right theory of economics and its principle of externality,the eco-spatial characters and the grid model,the externalities in the development of the water energy resources are revealed,and in succession,the relationship between the external institutions and the public policies are pointed out with the application of the theory of institutional economics,and then a theoretical basis is made for the construction of both the institutional foundation and the policy framework for the eco-compensation for development of the water energy resources,and finally,the relevant institutional foundation and the policy framework of the multi-level eco-compensation are put forward as well.


The non-charging using of working livestock was widely practiced in North China in modern times.It helped those peasant families who lacked farmland or farming capacity to solve the problem of shortage in livestock.By investigating into the practice of working livestock leasing in 20th century's rural areas of North China and comparing it with the custom of labor exchange and hired working livestock leasing,one can perceive the social trends and changes happened in village community at that time,so as to find the characteristic of the village in North or even whole China under server social changes in modern times.


We study the sharp interface limit of a non-mass-conserving Cahn--Hilliard--Darcy system with the weak compactness method developed in Chen (J. Differential Geometry, 1996). The source term present in the Cahn--Hilliard component is a product of the order parameter and a prescribed function with zero spatial mean, leading to non-conservation of mass. Furthermore, the divergence of the velocity field is given by another prescribed function with zero spatial mean, which yields a coupling of the Cahn--Hilliard equation to a non-solenoidal Darcy flow. New difficulties arise in the derivation of uniform estimates due to the presence of the source terms, which can be circumvented if we consider the above specific structures. Moreover, due to the lack of mass-conservation, the analysis is valid as long as one phase does not vanish completely, leading to a local-in-time result. The sharp interface limit for a Cahn--Hilliard--Brinkman system is also discussed.


This article addresses the theme of nuclear disaster in Czech cinema of the second half of the 20th century. Examining two films based on Karel ˇapek's cautionary novel Krakatit (Krakatit, 1947; Temné slunce [Dark Sun], 1980) and the 1966 feature Konec srpna v hotelu ozón [The End of August at Hotel Ozone], it demonstrates the impact of the changing political situation on the Czech film industry and the resulting film productions. These case studies allow the author to demonstrate the close interconnectedness between the films' texts and their respective discursive fields, as well as the impact of fear of nuclear apocalypse in the population at large.


Field experience in various locations has shown that an assumption of subsurface isotropy is not always satisfactory. For example, Dunoyer de Segonzac and Laherrere (1959) stated that "Computations using vertical velocities, as derived from well velocity surveys, seemed to yield insufficient depths. On the other hand, the use of horizontal velocity, as derived from refraction traveltime curves, gave far too great depths. Both assumptions were obviously incorrect and it appeared essential to know the actual velocity along refracted oblique raypaths." Northwood (1967) classified refraction interpretation errors into three main types: (1) those caused by incorrect reading of the data; (2) those caused by incorrect assumptions; and (3) those caused by incorrect geologic interpretation of the velocity layers. This note concerns type (2) errors. Its purpose is to show, in closed form, the errors made when computing the thickness of a layer with the refraction method, as a result of assigning an incorrect anisot...


Distributed file systems are considered to be basic building blocks of cloud computing technology. Some of the file systems used to deploy cloud is Google file system, Hadoop file system and CEPH file system. Reviewing current healthcare statistics and current hospital management system, a range of benefits can be obtained if healthcare system is shifted to cloud. In cloud computing, the data storage and computing are not in the local computer and server but in the amount of computers distributed in the internet. Several distributed file systems are used over the cloud because the cloud itself includes large numbers of commodity-grade servers, harnessed to deliver highly scalable and on-demand services. But a suitable file system inside healthcare is required which is reliable, scalable, and can handle large amounts of patients records giving a higher performance. So, in this paper, we have reviewed3 distributed file system with respect to its architecture and its suitability inside healthcare cloud.The Hadoop Distributed File System and google file system is designed to store very large data sets reliably, and to stream those data sets at high bandwidth to user applications and both have a similar architecture with some differences.But HDFS is open source framework while gfs is not. Ceph is another distributed file system which has different architecture. Parameters such as reliability, scalability and storage requirements etc. are taken for comparison with respect to healthcare.


Opening of the Arctic Ocean has been the subject of much debate, and the placement of terranes in the Early Mesozoic remains a crucial part of this important discussion. Several continental terranes complicate the palaeogeographic reconstruction. One such terrane is Crockerland, which has been inferred to explain sediment distribution in the Arctic throughout the Mesozoic. However, Triassic successions throughout the Arctic basins bear many similarities, and a common sedimentary source could offer a simpler explanation with fewer complications for the past configuration of the Arctic. The study's goal is to test the hypothesis of long-distance sediment transport from a common source in present-day Russia to all Arctic basins in the Triassic, and to demonstrate how estimates of sediment routing distances can improve pre-breakup plate tectonic reconstructions.Results confirm that (1) the Arctic basins were closely connected prior to breakup in the Mesozoic, (2) based on regional facies distribution, sediment budgets, sediment modelling and detrital zircon age spectra, the Crockerland terrane is unlikely to have existed as a major sediment supplying area, (3) the reconstructed Arctic sediment routing system can help to constrain plate tectonic models, and (4) statistical estimation of sediment transport is a novel and potentially important tool for improving plate tectonic and palaeogeographic reconstructions.Supplementary material:https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.6086468


ABSTRACT Tocols are natural antioxidants that occur in grains that may benefit human and animal health. Therefore, it is important to accurately measure their concentrations in foods and feeds and to determine how genetics and growing environment can influence their levels. The first objective was to evaluate saponification versus direct extraction for the analysis of tocols in oat (Avena sativa L.). The second was to determine the effects of growing environment, hulled versus hulless phenotype, and genetic background on tocol concentration, and to see whether tocol and lipid concentrations were associated. For the first objective, oat grain samples from two locations were either extracted by saponification or directly with methanol, and extracts were analyzed by HPLC. The saponification method increased yield by ≈25% and was less time-consuming, so it was adopted for the second objective. For the second objective, oat genotypes were developed by crossing high-oil parents from Iowa State University with h...


Classical, or Pavlovian, conditioning is a process by which new emotional and glandular reactions develop in response to previously neutral stimuli in the environment. But classical conditioning doesn't explain how we develop new skills or behaviors instrumental in changing our external environments. That learning process involves what is typically referred to as instrumental, or operant, conditioning. Operant conditioning describes how we develop behaviors that ''operate upon the environment'' to bring about behavioral consequences in that environment. Operant conditioning applies many techniques and procedures first investigated by E. L. Thorndike (1898) but later refined and extended by B. F. Skinner (Skinner, 1938). Thorndike was an American psychologist who was one of the first to investigate the effects of behavioral consequences on learning. His work led him to emphasize both the effects of positive as well as negative behavioral consequences. Because behaviors are instrumental in bringing about such consequences by operating upon the environment in some way, this process for developing new skilled behaviors was first called instrumental conditioning. In subsequent literatures, especially in those inspired by the work of Skinner, the term ''instrumental conditioning'' was replaced by the term ''operant conditioning.'' Nevertheless it was Thorndike who first concluded that positive consequences strengthen behaviors to make them more likely in similar situations in the future; a phenomenon he labeled the Law of Effect. Inspired by the much earlier work of both Pavlov and Thorndike, another American Psychologist, B.F. Skinner, went on to develop the principles of operant conditioning. Skinner formalized these principles and identified many variables involved in this form of learning. For example, Skinner revised Thorndike's concept of ''reward'' by emphasizing that it has ''positive reinforcement'' effects which result in the increased likelihood of a behavior's future occurrences. Even painful consequences can increase the future likelihood of behaviors that eliminate or avoid such consequences, and thus Skinner emphasized their function as ''negative reinforcements.'' According to Skinner, reinforcement, whether positive or negative, is the process of increasing future behavioral probabilities; meaning any response that is followed by a reinforcer will increase in its frequency of occurrence across time (a concept emphasizing the rate of specific ways of behaving). Skinner also discovered that such reinforcing events don't have to happen each and every time. Instead, intermittent reinforcement is also effective, and Skinner described the effects that different ''schedules'' of reinforcement (the timing or frequency of reinforcement) have on behavior. He also identified the …


The turbulent energy cascade that is characteristic of bursty bulk flow (BBF) braking regions in the Earth's magnetotail has been shown to be the energy source of large‐amplitude electric fields (>50 mV/m) which can, in turn, result in local energetic electron acceleration. These pre‐energized electrons can move inward to stronger magnetic fields being further accelerated and can eventually supply an energetic tail to electron distributions in the outer radiation belt. Using wave and plasma measurements from the Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms (THEMIS) satellites during four tail seasons from 2015 to 2019, we study the process of BBF magnetic and kinetic energy being transferred to electrons by turbulent electric fields from a statistical perspective. We identify turbulent BBF regions by the presence of high‐amplitude electric fields. We show that the high‐amplitude electric fields are associated with an increase in electron temperature by three times compared to quiet times and with a ten‐fold increase in temperature fluctuations. They are also associated with strong variations of energetic electron fluxes, indicative of local acceleration. We further discuss the implications of these findings and the role of this pre‐energized electron population in supplying the outer radiation belt.


Computational structural‐dynamics codes invariably use finite element (FE) methods and relatively course meshes, whereas finite‐difference methods with fine meshes are popular for modeling the fluid domain. Fluid‐structure interaction (FSI) problems in which there is a mean flow feature can be addressed by simultaneously employing both techniques. Because of the dissimilarities of the two formulations, a time‐domain solution is most readily obtained by allowing each code to march forward in time in a loosely coupled manner. A proper FSI implementation must address the physical and computational issues associated with compatibility of displacements and surface tractions at the boundary of the two domains. It is also necessary that one identifies a suitable numerical scheme to perform unsteady time‐marching simulations of the coupled system. It is the latter issue that concerns this paper. Various techniques for accurate and stable time integration of loosely coupled systems are compared. A two‐dimensional ...


Aims: This study has examined exposure to electromagnetic fields (EMFs) and its effect on the general health of computer users. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed by participating 73 employees. A calibrated galactooligosaccharide meter model HI-3603 was used to measure EMF and a general health questionnaire examined their health status. Statistical Analysis Used: For analyzing data, the t-test and Chi-square test were applied. Results: The electric field intensities in desktop monitors and laptops were 0.26–1.2 and 0.28–0.87 volts/m, respectively, which is higher than the standard levels. The results from the public health questionnaire revealed that 39% of computer users had some problems in general health status. A significant difference was observed between the general health of the two groups (P < 0.001). Conclusions: The role of using electronic equipment for communication and daily activities became more prominent. Therefore, it is clear that with the widespread use of this equipment, all members of society will be exposed to some kind of EMF. Therefore, people who work with computers due to their job will use this equipment to do things during other nonworking hours. As a result of this increase in the time of using electronic equipment, their health will be at risk.


1 Having harboured it for many years, I will not entirely suppress the suspicion that, like the e of poste, the original final e of huce, etc., might create a quasi-caesura or quasi-diaeresis in at least some of them. As far as the senarii are concerned this theory works surprisingly well, for inter might well belong to a category different from ad and apud. Of the septenarii Cist. 669 would fall in, and extra and praeter would line up with inter. But Mil. 995 and Trin. 333 (less decidedly Cist. 87) seem to bar this way. and diaeresis may occur after a preposition. At the same time it is obvious from their small number that normally for Plautus preposition and word governed by it are una pars orationis, a fact commonly known and amply proved, e.g. by Radford's observation that ad dpus is quite as illegitimate a tribrach as adigis. But we still have to inquire a little more closely into the nature of the ten certain exceptions: nine of them have it in common that the word following the preposition is a long one; and in the tenth, Trin. 577, the preposition goes not with meam alone but with meam sororem. Because of its intrinsic probability the inference seems justified that if the words concerned are long the union effected is not as close as it would be in the case of monosyllables. There is no instance of incision between two monosyllables. Trin. 186 might be excused on the ground that here the preposition at least is disyllabic; but it will be safer to disregard the line altogether.


Solving systems of polynomial equations is a classical problem of mathematics with an emerging number of modern applications, such as coding theory, robotics, computational statistics, etc. Its importance is reflected by the broad literature that deals with algorithms, ranging from numerical continuation methods to exact methods based e.g. on Gröbner or border bases; see e.g. the monograph [1] and the references therein. However in many practical applications one is only interested in real solutions. The literature tailored to the problem of real solving systems of polynomials is by far not as broad.


This chapter examines Mordechai Martin Buber's work Ich und Du in relation to Etty Hillesum's diaries and letters. The life and writings of the Jewish thinker and religious existentialist, Buber (1878-1965), are intimately related to modern Judaism. During the First World War, Buber's spoken and written word had inspired many young seekers. Buber was primarily influenced by three cultures; that of the East-European Jews, the German literary culture and the young Hebrew culture. Although Salomon was self-taught, Buber described him as a master of the Haskalah, or the Jewish enlightenment. Various paternal influences are visible in Buber's philosophical writings. Buber's recounting of the Hasidic tales is close to Carl's spirit of storytelling. At all these great universities Buber's interests were mainly secular and distant from any leaning towards religion. Buber believed strongly that the most important possibility for Zionism was in changing the relationships (Beziehung) between (zwischen) people.Keywords: Carl Buber; East-European Jews; Etty Hillesum's diaries and letters; German literary culture; modern Judaism; Mordechai Martin Buber; young Hebrew culture


Among various approaches to explication of Data-Information-Knowledge-Wisdom Hierarchy (DIKW) we advocate a logic-oriented approach. It stems from analysis of the notion of wisdom which often is understood as the ability to think and act in a profound way. But thinking and acting are notions of logic. This poses a question of explication of all notions of the DIKW hierarchy on the basis of logic. We try to give such explications in integrity of three levels of consideration: methodological (philosophical), conceptual (scientific), and formal (mathematical). Categories of the philosophical level are projected (are finitized) to scientific and then to mathematical levels. At the latter levels notions are considered in integrity of their intensional and extensional aspects. We start with the notion of intensionalized data, then specify information as interpreted intensionalized data, and describe knowledge as a logic over such data. At last, wisdom is treated as an ability to choose and utilize a logic necessary to solve a formulated task. The complexity of the notion of wisdom is illustrated by an example of Floyd-Hoare logic with partial conditions. The proposed intensionalized explication of DIKW notions can be considered as some generalization of traditional extensional explication of these notions.


When pairing correlations in a quasi-two-dimensional electron system induce a pseudogap in the single-particle density of states, the specific heat must also contain a sizable pair contribution. The theoretically calculated specific heat for such a system is compared to the experimental results of Loram and his collaborators for underdoped ${\mathrm{YBa}}_{2}{\mathrm{Cu}}_{3}{\mathrm{O}}_{6+x}$ and ${\mathrm{La}}_{2\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{Sr}}_{x}{\mathrm{CuO}}_{4}$ samples. The size and doping dependence of the extracted pseudogap energy scale for both materials is comparable to the values obtained from a variety of other experiments.


In this account of place-making in Central Australia, a contrast is made between creative community and regulatory authority. A creative community resembles a revolutionary council of the kind influentially discussed by Hannah Arendt (2000); it is convened to manage change. In contrast, a regulatory authority (represented in Central Australia, and elsewhere, by local councils and regional governments) is constitutionally opposed to innovation. At issue are different models of democratic governance. Associated with these differing models are different conceptions of place and place stewardship. In Alice Springs, which furnishes the case study of this article, those actively engaged in nurturing a new space of sociability, or meeting place, understood place discursively (as a talking place). In contrast, the planning culture sought to eliminate storytelling mechanisms for social innovation, associating a plurality of voices and histories with the undermining of administrative authority and the ideological status quo. My argument is that the discourse of creative place-making is mythopoetic in its purpose: by way of identifying cross-cultural narratives of place-making that display analogies, it seeks common ground between different cultural patternings of place. Mythopoetic, story-based strategies of this kind can overthrow fixed and often divisionist myths of origin, replacing them with co-devised narratives. The chapter concludes with an acknowledgement that the creative place-making process outlined here redefines what is meant by place, which ceases to be an administrative convenience (static and void) and becomes an analogue of the performative techniques that conjure it into being. Place may be reconfigured as a network of passages or creative regions, comparable to a string figure or network, whose governance, it is suggested, is vested in the creative communities that bring it alive and maintain it.


Throughout North America there is a general recognition that public school curricula, particularly at the secondary level, need to be revised and reformed. With this recognition, the vocational/liberal studies controversy in education that opened the twentieth century has resurfaced with a new sense of urgency at its close. In the course of pointing out close similarities in both the earlier and current manifestations of this debate, the article argues that contemporary educators would do weil to revisit John Dewey's thinking as they go about determining and solidifying their position on this important and divisive issue.


In the paper, a robust tracking controller is presented for a class of SISO affine nonlinear systems with unknown mismatched uncertainties and external disturbance in input channel.The designed controller has simple structure and concrete expression and include no Lyapunov function. So the proposed controller is easy to compute and complement.The practical stability of output tracking error and the states of the corresponding closed-loop system are demonstrated by Lyapunov stability theorem.Simulation results are presented throughout the paper to complement the theoretical developments.