The equivalent linear damping is an important parameter for the design of blades and vanes. This parameter will normally be used based on experience and worst case considerations. In this paper, a practical approach for the evaluation of the equivalent linear damping of blade and vane stages from measurements is proposed. The method can especially be used for mistuned and/or non-linear systems as well as in case of non-satisfying quality of the measurement signals. Based on the approach developed, a way for the validation of the forced response analysis is presented.Copyright © 2016 by ASME


The present invention relates to semiconductor memory device junction and a method of forming the same. The semiconductor memory device junction may include a semiconductor substrate having gate lines formed thereon, and a junction having first and second junction elements formed by implanting impurities of a different mass into the semiconductor substrate between the gate lines. The method of forming a semiconductor memory device junction may include providing a semiconductor substrate having gate lines, forming an auxiliary layer along a surface of the semiconductor substrate including the gate lines, implanting impurities into the semiconductor substrate between gate lines to form a first junction element, and implanting impurities into the semiconductor substrate to form a second junction element, wherein the impurities implanted to form the first junction element and the second junction element have different masses.


Luther tried to bury most of the biblical arguments bracing purgatory in books he labeled apocryphal and placed at the end of the Old Testament.' But purgatory maintained a hold over Renaissance imaginations, so that the Shakespearean stage, in order to discharge its ritual activities properly, enclosed the tropes of heaven, hell, and purgatory within its bounds.2 Hamlet's father's ghost urged revenge while he was in purgatory (1.5.10-13); ordinarily a place of moral purgation or spiritual cleansing, purgatory there functions as an imaginative holding-ground or realm of suspended animation, a place from which to remind the living of practical obligations or dictate to them about necessity.3


Looking back on the history of accounting system reform in China,the achievements of all stages in the reform were analyzed,and existing problems and future task of the reform were proposed.


Objective:Probe into the indication of the mirror operative treatment spontaneity pneumothorax of thorax of the TV and operation method.Methods:The reviewing clinical materials of analysing31cases of spon-taneity pneumothorax,VATS22example,VAMT9example.Results:Group this have operation death,erupt simulta-neously thorax accumulate1of liquid,draw1case of pneumothorax after inning charge of behind the skill,Release liquid fully recover and leave hospital by puncture after releasing angry.Conclusion:The mirror operative treatment spontaneity pneumothorax of thorax of the TV is safe,reliable.


This work proposes a new system capable of real-time ship instance segmentation during maritime surveillance missions by unmanned aerial vehicles using an onboard standard RGB camera. The implementation requires two stages: an instance segmentation network able to produce fast and reliable preliminary segmentation results and a post-processing 3D fully connected Conditional Random Field, which significantly improves segmentation results by exploring temporal correlations between nearby frames in video sequences. Moreover, due to the absence of maritime datasets consisting of properly labeled video sequences, we create a new dataset comprising synthetic video sequences of maritime surveillance scenarios (MarSyn). The main advantages of this approach are the possibility of generating a vast set of images and videos, being able to represent real-world scenarios without the necessity of deploying the real vehicle, and automatic labels, which eliminate human labeling errors. We train the system with the MarSyn dataset and with aerial footage from publicly available annotated maritime datasets to validate the proposed approach. We present some experimental results and compare them to other approaches, and we also illustrate the temporal stability provided by the second stage in missing frames and wrong segmentation scenarios.


A test interface controller (TIC) provided by ARM Ltd. is widely used for functional testing of system-on-a-chip (SoC) which adopts an advanced microcontroller bus architecture (AMBA) bus system. Unfortunately, this architecture has the deficiency of not being able to concurrently shift in and out the structural scan test patterns through the TIC and AMBA bus. This paper introduces a new AMBA based test access mechanism (ATAM) for speedy testing of SoCs embedding ARM cores. Since scan-in and out operations can be performed simultaneously, test application time on the expensive automatic test equipment (ATE) can be drastically reduced while preserving the compatibility with the ARM TIC.


In the long-term process of working, cigarette making machine usually has transmission device running deviation problem. In response to this problem, this paper presents an automatic correction method of cigarette making machine transmission device based on cigarette making machine structure and analysis of running deviation. It divides the whole control process into different stages. when the error signal e is beyond the threshold value, use Fuzzy control; and when it is within the scope of threshold value, use PID control. Apply Simulink and Fuzzy toolbox of Matlab software for simulation experiment, and the experiment results demonstrated that the using of Fuzzy-PID dual mode control system can improve dynamic performance and stable performance of the control system, and can effectively and automatically correct cigarette making machine transmission device.


Interleukin‐17 (IL‐17) plays an important role in several autoimmune diseases. IL‐17 can induce the expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM‐1) in aortic vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs), which is important for the development of atherosclerosis. However, the signalling pathway of IL‐17‐induced VCAM‐1 expression remains unclear. In this study, we reported that IL‐17‐induced expression of VCAM‐1 in SMCs is dependent on NF‐κB, but independent of Akt1 and TAK1. This is because knocking down Akt1 or TAK1 by siRNA did not reduce IL‐17‐induced activation of NF‐κB and expression of VCAM‐1, whereas knocking down NF‐κB by siRNA markedly inhibited IL‐17‐mediated upregulation of VCAM‐1 expression. In addition, IL‐17‐induced expression of VCAM‐1 is partially dependent on activation of ERK1/2. Therefore, these signalling pathways of IL‐17‐mediated upregulation of VCAM‐1 expression might be therapeutic targets for treatment of IL‐17‐mediated inflammation.


The effects of tryptamine on ionic currents were studied in frog atrial fibres by means of a double sucrose gap technique associated with a transducer RCA 5734 for the recording of mechanical tension. -Under current clamp conditions, tryptamine (5 x 10-6 g/ml), without modifying the membrane resistance, caused a significant increase in the slow phase of depolarization and an increase in plateau duration. The rate of rise of the action potential was not affected, but tryptamine produced a marked increase in contraction strength. When rapid inward current was blocked by tetrodotoxin and external calcium was removed, the inotropic effect was still observed. In sodium-free medium, it disappeared. Under voltage clamp conditions, calcium inward current and the phasic component of the contraction were not modified. In calcium-free medium, the increase in contraction amplitude may be related to the important rise of slow sodium inward current. Unlike the description by Horackova & Vassort (1974), our observations show that variation of the contraction strength responds, beat to beat, to the variation of slow inward sodium current. These results suggest that the inotropic property of tryptamine is mainly due to an increase of the slow inward current and that sodium induces calcium release.


Carbon fibers are used as reinforcement material in epoxy matrix in advanced composites. An important aspect of the mechanical properties of composites is associated to the adhesion between the surface of the carbon fiber and the epoxy matrix. This paper aimed to the evaluation of the effects of EB irradiation on the tensile properties of resin-impregnated specimens obtained from two commercial carbon fibers (6k and 12k). EB radiation was applied in two conditions: on the carbon fiber itself before preparing resin-impregnated specimens for mechanical testing and directly on the final test specimens. Experimental results showed that EB irradiation improved the tensile strength of carbon fibers in the studied conditions for test specimens prepared from irradiated fibers. Furthermore, SEM observations have shown that EB irradiation promoted significant changes in the failure mode.


ACKRILL, MARGARET, and LESLIE HANNAH, eds. Barclays: The Business of Banking 1960--1996. New York, N.Y.: Cambridge University Press, 2001. pp. 481. Cloth $60.00. ALBRITTON, ROBERT. Dialectics and Deconstruction in Political Economy. New York, N.Y.: Palgrave Global Publishing at St. Martin's Press, 2001. Pp. 203. Paper $24.95. ANDREOSSO-O'CALLAGHAN, BERNADETTE, JEAN-PASCAL BASSINO, and JACQUES JAUSSAUD, eds. The Changing Economic Environment in Asia: Firms' Strategies in the Region. New York, N.Y.: Palgrave Global Publishing at St. Martin's Press, 2002. pp. 227. Cloth $70.00. AOKl, MASANAO. Modeling Aggregate Behavior and Fluctuations in Economics: Stochastic Views of Interacting Agents. New York, N.Y.: Cambridge University Press, 2002. Pp. 263. Cloth $65.00. ATTANASIO, ORAZIO, and MIGUEL SZEKELY, eds. Portrait of the Poor: An Assets-Based Approach. Baltimore, Md.: The John Hopkins University Press, 2001. Pp. 266. Trade paper $24.95. BERNANKE, BEN S., and KENNETH ROGOFF, eds. National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER). Cambridge, Mass.: The MIT Press. pp. 388. Trade paper $32.00. BHAGW A TI, JAGDISH. Free Trade Today. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 2002. pp. 128. Cloth $24.95. BICHLER, MARTIN. The Future of e-Markets: Multidimensional Market Mechanisms. New York, N.Y.: Cambridge University Press, 2001. pp. 248. Cloth $80.00, paper $29.00. BIRDSALL, NANCY, and JOHN WILLIAMSON. Delivering on Debt Relief" From IMF Gold to a New Aid Architecture. Washington, D.C.: Center for Global Development and the Institute


This expository paper introduces the theory of Harish-Chandra integrals, a family of special functions that express the integral of an exponential function over the adjoint orbits of a compact Lie group. Originally studied in the context of harmonic analysis on Lie algebras, Harish-Chandra integrals now have diverse applications in many areas of mathematics and physics. We review a number of these applications, present several different proofs of Harish-Chandra's celebrated exact formula for the integrals, and give detailed derivations of the specific integral formulae for all compact classical groups. These notes are intended for mathematicians and physicists who are familiar with the basics of Lie groups and Lie algebras but who may not be specialists in representation theory or harmonic analysis.


In the process of the development of the agricultural industrialization, there is a degree of government functions misplaced problem in some areas, the key to correct the dislocation of the government functions is to position accurately to the industrialization of agriculture in the role of government and government functions. Specifically, should be done in two points: First, the Government should strive to create a fair and orderly, enabling market operators to obtain a social average profit margin of the main market environment, and attract the social resources to the industrialization of agriculture activities. Second, the government should no longer 'do', no longer take the main functions of the industrialization of agriculture, no longer control 'should not control' thing, At the same time, 'should be tubes' thing pipe up . Index Terms - agricultural industrialization, the role of government, unction's dislocation


The article discusses a symposium sponsored by the 10th Great Lakes Regional Meeting of the American Chemical Society (ACS) that addressed various aspects of the theme ''Chemistry of the Great Lakes''. The symposium attempted to gather together environmental information produced by chemists, and included: watershed studies, involving investigation of the sources, transport, and fate of sterols in the Menomonee River; atmospheric studies such as the investigation of quantities of phosphorus and polychlorinated biphenyls entering Lake Michigan from atmospheric precipitations; aquatic studies including inputs to the lakes as well as transformations within the lakes; and sediment studies which includes trace metal inputs and the process of resuspension of radioisotopes and their ecological effects. (CAJ)


The domed reading room of what was then the Melbourne Public Library marks the transition of the library from a nineteenth-century collecting institution to a twentiethcentury reference service. The contents were now sorted according to the Dewey system, and buildings were henceforth custom-designed for their functions rather than automatically replicating the grander rooms of other institutions. It was also something of a milestone in local engineering. It was more or less fortuitous that it was perhaps – briefly at least – the largest reinforced concrete dome in the world. It was more important for the role it played in the development of reinforced concrete practice in Victoria and in Australia.


The proliferation of Internet of Things (IoTs) has driven a large number of widely deployed networks. To collect information from those networks, methods using mobile data collection with one or more sink nodes moving in the area are proposed. The objective for mobile sink is to collect all necessary data while following a path with certain object function, e.g., shortest length. We propose an efficient algorithm to obtain shortest routine path for the mobile data collection. We first solve a special case under the assumption that the sink node has to go to the exact location of a wireless node in order to collect data packets. We further present an efficient accessibility-based algorithm with approximation ratio $O\left(\log^{2}n\log t\log\log n\right)$ where n is the number of wireless nodes deployed and $t(t\leq n)$ is the cardinality of the largest network. Here, the accessibility from node vi to node vj is defined as the probability for node vj to successfully send data packets to node vi through one- or multi-hops. In other words, the accessibility indicates whether or to what extent a mobile sink could obtain data packets of one sensory node from another sensory node. For the general case, i.e., the sink node and other nodes are able to finish data exchanging as long as they are within the transmission range of each other. We present an algorithm with approximation ratio $O\left(\log^{2}n\log t\log\log n\right)$ when $\displaystyle \epsilon=O\left(\frac{\|P_{\text{opt}}\|}{n}\right)$ where $\|P_{\text{opt}}\|$ is the optimal path length and $\epsilon$ is a constant determining the algorithm running time.


PART I: Introduction Chapter 1: Method and Explanation PART II: Concepts and Observations Chapter 2: Systems, Dispositions, and Transactions in Social Analysis Chapter 3: Observations of Social Processes and Their Formal Representations Chapter 4: Even Catalogs as Theories Chapter 5: Iron City Blues Chapter 6: Why Read the Classics? PART III: Explanations and Comparisons Chapter 7: To Explain Political Processes Chapter 8: Means and Ends of Comparison in Macrosociology Chapter 9: Terror, Terrorism, and Terrorists Chapter 10: Linkers, Diggers, and Glossers in Social Analysis PART IV: Historical Social Analysis Chapter 11: History and Sociological Imagining Chapter 12: Historical Analysis of Political Processes Chapter 13: What Good Is Urban History? Chapter 14: Anglo-American Social History Since 1945 Chapter 15: Three Visions of History and Theory PART V: Conclusion Chapter 16: Epilogue


This essay develops the concept of homogeneous equity of the indigenous people to take advantage of the natural resources that exists in the places where they live in comparison with the concept of individual equity as universal concept of the human right to a healthy environment taking into consideration a field research made in the nahuatl communities of Suchitlan and Zacualpan located in the county of Comala in the mexican state of Colima.


Molecular markers, in recent years, have accelerated plant breeding methods significantly with an objective of crop improvement. At present a
variety of molecular markers are available and the choice of using a particular type of marker depends on the user. With the advances in the
area of genomics, new type and gene-derived markers as well as novel approaches such as genetical genomics, linkage disequilibrium (LD)-
based association mapping, etc. have been developed for identification of "perfect" markers for their use in breeding practices. The present
article provides an overview on presently available but main type of molecular markers and their use in trait mapping, map-based cloning,
estimation of diversity in germplasm collection to understand the population structure as well as in the area of comparative genomics. While
dealing the above topics, major emphasis have been given on modern genomics tools and approaches such as functional molecular markers
(EST-SSRs, EST-SNPs, SFPs), expression genetics or genetical genomics, high throughput approaches and automation technologies, public
databases, etc. Utilization of modern genomics approaches such as functional genomics coupled with molecular marker technologies have a
great potential to facilitate plant breeding practices and thus marker-assisted breeding seems to be evolved to genomics-assisted breeding in the
near future.


Objectives:The significance of leukoaraiosis on brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is uncertain, but it is often seen with vascular risk factors or in the context of cognitive impairment. We aimed to investigate the effect of leukoaraiosis on the severity and course of delirium. Methods:Periventricular hyperintensity and deep white matter hyperintensity on brain MRI were rated in 42 patients with delirium by semiquantative visual rating scale. Correlations between their grades and the scores of Korean version of Delirium Rating Scale-Revised-98 (K-DRS-R-98) were analyzed, and the interaction effects between the groups according to the levels of leukoaraiosis and two evaluation points were also analyzed. Results:The grade of deep white matter hyperintensity in the occipital lobe was positively correlated with the scores on the total, severity items, cognitive items, and non-cognitive items of K-DRS-R-98. The cognitive items scores of K-DRS-R-98 in the low grade group of periventricular hyperintensity showed significantly steeper decrease than the high grade group. Conclusions:A difference in severity or recovery speed of delirium according to the level of leukoaraiosis may result from disruption in brain functional connectivity. Our results have a clinical implication in that the severity and course of delirium can be possibly predicted using the level of leukoaraiosis.


Polypharmacy (≥5 medicines) and hyperpolypharmacy (≥10 medicines) can significantly impact people's health. The literature surrounding polypharmacy focuses on the elderly, particularly rest home populations, with few studies looking into younger age bands. Moreover, there have been no recent studies looking into the rates of polypharmacy in New Zealand. This study aimed to determine whether polypharmacy rates have increased over time in the New Zealand population. Specifically investigating polypharmacy rates across age and ethnicity, and identifying which medicines are most commonly prescribed in people with polypharmacy.


The purpose of this study was to examine differences in the time to stabilization (TTS) between volleyball players (n=8) and rugby players (n=7). With no footwear, all participants performed 4 different hopping tasks (medial, lateral, and two forward hops) onto each foot. The AP and ML ground reaction force data were collected and used to compute the TTS for each condition. The TTS measures were averaged within the groups and compared by using eight independent-sample T-tests . Two out of eight conditions showed differences between the volleyball group and the rugby group.
The rugby group stabilized more quickly on the R-foot 50% forward hop task (t(13)=3.722, ) and the volleyball group more quickly on the L-foot medial hop task (t(13)=-2.431, ).


Purpose - The purpose of this study is to explore the effect of benefits, customer satisfaction of craft beer pub and switching intention. It is also to examine whether alternative attraction moderates the above relationships.
Design, data, and methodology -To accomplish this purpose, the survey for customers of craft beer pubs and beer festival in Seoul was progressed. And relation benefit was divided into three main components: 'social benefits', 'psychological benefits', and 'customized benefits'. Based on previous studies.
Result -Among the relationship benefits of handmade beer shops, social and psychological benefits have a significant impact on customer satisfaction, and psychological benefits have a significant impact on the degree of switching intention. In addition, alternative attraction works as moderating effect between social and psychological benefits and customer satisfaction, and also does between psychological benefits and switching intention.
Conclusions -Many prior studies have indicated that alternative attractiveness from competitors reduces customer satisfaction. However, this study proved that customer satisfaction is higher even though alternative attraction occurs, and that is the biggest difference from the preceding studies. It means that alternative attraction had a positive effect on customer satisfaction, but it also effects on switching intention to leave customers.


Reduced density matrix descriptions are developed for linear and non-linear electromagnetic interactions of moving atomic systems, taking into account applied magnetic fields as well as atomic collisions together with other environmental decoherence and relaxation processes. Applications of interest include electromagnetically induced transparency and related pump-probe optical phenomena in warm atomic vapors. Time-domain (equation-of-motion) and frequency-domain (resolvent-operator) formulations are developed in a unified manner. The standard Born (lowestorder perturbation-theory) and Markov (short-memory-time) approximations are systematically introduced within the framework of the general non-perturbative and non-Markovian formulations. A preliminary semiclassical treatment of the electromagnetic interaction is adopted. However, the need for a fully quantum mechanical approach is emphasized. Compact Liouville-space operator expressions are derived for the linear and the general (n'th order) non-linear macroscopic electromagnetic-response tensors occurring in a perturbation-theory treatment of the semiclassical electromagnetic interaction. These expressions can be evaluated for coherent initial atomic excitations and for the full tetradic-matrix form of the Liouville-space self-energy operator representing the environmental interactions in the Markov approximation. Collisional interactions between atoms can be treated in various approximations for the selfenergy operator, and the influence of Zeeman coherences on the macroscopic electromagnetic response can be investigated.


This paper describes the structure and function of conceptual dictionary positioning in our integrated narrative generation system architecture. It provides knowledge of verb concepts and noun concepts associated with an event concept that is a basic constitutional unit in narrative. This dictionary is developing now with the integrated narrative generation system. In this paper, we report the current developmental process to consider future expansion and plan. Current version of verb concept dictionary has 5337 case frames and modified 300 constraints, and noun concept dictionary contains 142168 noun concepts including 5770 intermediate concepts. After we explain the structure, we introduce the role and function in narrative generation process using two application systems.


Background: Alzheimer's Disease (AD) suffers from dementia more often in 65-year or older patients. Symptoms of AD's are linked to disease-causing neurons, and current pharmacological therapies inadequately regulate deadly outcomes. Withania somnifera (L ) , has been contributing as a traditional multifunctional herb with a wide variety of health benefits. Materials and Methods: This research examined the importance of Withaferin A nanoparticles against scopolamine induced neuron loss (Impair on memory). Five groups of 6 rats weighing 150-200 g were randomly split. Negative and positive control animals received 2mL/kg saline solution in groups 1 and 2. 3 rd and 4 th group received 5mg/kg of pure Withaferin-A and Withaferin-A nanoformulation. Group 5 received 10 mg/kg of tacrine as a normal medication. Except for group 1, all other groups were induced 30 min after drug administration with 1mg/kg scopolamine. EPM was used to understand the behavioral parameters. Results: Inflexion ratios of 1.1 and 1.3 were seen in groups treated with Withaferin-A nanoparticles and the conventional medication. AchE, MDA, GSH reductase were also measured. Compared to the pure drug, Withaferin-A nanoparticles exhibited substantial activity. Withaferin-A exhibits an anti-amnesic effect similar to tacrine at a specific level. Conclusion: Withaferin-A nanoparticles may help neurodegenerative disease. To establish the formulation as a standard AD's treatment, pharmacokinetic aspects should be explored.


. — Green salamander, Aneides aeneus, populations have declined in parts of their geographic range. In response to these declines, the United States Fish and Wildlife Service has been petitioned to protect the species under the Endangered Species Act. Additional information is needed on the geographic distribution and the ecological requirements of green salamanders in Tennessee to aid regulatory decision making and conservation management. The objectives of our research were to determine what environmental characteristics best predict landscape suitability for green salamanders and to create a map of the model to guide future surveys. We compiled green salamander occurrence records from the Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agency's State Wildlife Action Plan database and from researchers currently conducting research. We used maximum entropy modeling to evaluate the relative importance of environmental characteristics across the landscape and we projected the model into geographic space to map the potential distribution of green salamanders in Tennessee. Environmental variables associated with rock outcroppings, tree canopy cover, and elevation contributed most to the model. Green salamanders select areas on the landscape with rocks at the soil surface, but not necessarily bedrock, with a high percent canopy cover at moderate elevations. Rocks at the soil surface likely represent large rocks and boulders deposited on the landscape by geological processes that are not parent material. The model can be used to guide future surveys and may make surveys more efficient at locating new populations in Tennessee. Accumulating up-to-date occurrence records will enable managers to better assess the current distribution of green salamanders in Tennessee and may improve conservation efforts. Abstract.— Salamanders in northeast Tennessee face a number of potential threats, including climate and land use change. However, the current status and distribution of species in much of this area, which is important fundamental information for effective species management, are not well documented in the literature or public data sources. To help increase knowledge of salamander species in this area, we conducted salamander transect surveys ( n = 246) from May 2017 to October 2019 across 70 transects within the Cherokee National Forest (CNF) of southern Greene County, Tennessee. Transects covered a wide range of elevations (500 – 965 m) and forest types and were located in five different publicly accessible areas. We observed 11 different species of salamanders, with an additional 10 species of herpetofauna documented. The Carolina Mountain Dusky Salamander ( Desmognathus carolinensis) , Eastern Red-backed Salamander ( Plethodon cinereus ), and Northern Slimy Salamander ( P. glutinosus ) were the most common species observed. We also found the Yonahlossee Salamander ( P . yonahlossee ) further west than it had previously been documented in Tennessee. From a standpoint of conservation planning, we found that higher elevation locations (> 700 m) were more diverse, highlighting the need for protection of high elevation forested ecosystems, which harbor much of the salamander diversity found in the southern Appalachian Mountains.


A new protocatechuic acid derivative,namely 3-hydroxy-4-O-isoprenyl benzoic acid methyl ester(1),was isolated from the mangrove endophytic fungus B60.Its structure was determined by comprehensive spectroscopic methods,especially 2D NMR(HMQC,HMBC).


We introduce new definitions of spot size, mean curvature radius, divergence angle, and quality of laser beams that are based on Shannon's information-entropy formula and study their properties.


A 49-year-old woman presented with right drop foot and desensitization in the peroneal region. She had been diagnosed with stage IE primary cutaneous diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (PCLBCL), leg type, 13 months ago. Five months ago, she had achieved complete remission after receiving six cycles of R-CHOP chemotherapy (rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisolone), as determined using 18-F fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (18F-FDG-PET/CT). She consulted an orthopedic physician and was diagnosed with unidentified right peroneal neuropathy. Her symptom neither aggravation nor improved. However, 8 months after onset, she presented with cutaneous nodules on the right foot. Nodule biopsy led to a diagnosis of PCLBCL relapse. 18F-FDG-PET/CT imaging showed increasedmetabolism in the right inguinal lymph node, right sural nerve, right tibial nerve, right fibula nerve, and right sciatic nerve (Figure 1, left image and upper right image). Contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed diffuse enlargement with an enhancement of the right sciatic nerve and right tibial nerve on T1-weighted images (Figure 1, bottom right image). Owing to the risk of irreversible neurological deficits, we did not perform a nerve biopsy. Neurolymphomatosis with relapsed PCLBCL appeared highly probable. There was no lymphomatous infiltration of the meninges on cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cytopathologic evaluation or central neuraxis on MRI. The patient was treated with conventional chemotherapy, CHASER (rituximab, cyclophosphamide, cytarabine, etoposide, and dexamethasone). After two cycles of CHASER, 18F-FDG-PET/CT showed no abnormal uptake;


1. Cardaci S, Zheng L, MacKay G, van den Broek NJ, MacKenzie ED, Nixon C, Stevenson D, Tumanov S, Bulusu V, Kamphorst JJ, et al. Pyruvate carboxylation enables growth of SDH-deficient cells by supporting aspartate biosynthesis. Nat Cell Biol [online ahead of print] 24 Aug 2015; DOI: 10.1038/ncb3233. 2. Li B, Qiu B, Lee DS, Walton ZE, Ochocki JD, Mathew LK, Mancuso A, Gade TP, Keith B, Nissim I, et al. Fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase opposes renal carcinoma progression. Nature 2014;513:251–255. 3. Tannahill GM, Curtis AM, Adamik J, Palsson-McDermott EM, McGettrick AF, Goel G, Frezza C, Bernard NJ, Kelly B, Foley NH, et al. Succinate is an inflammatory signal that induces IL-1b through HIF-1a. Nature 2013;496:238–242. 4. Huang LS, Mathew B, Li H, Zhao Y, Ma SF, Noth I, Reddy SP, Harijith A, Usatyuk PV, Berdyshev EV, et al. The mitochondrial cardiolipin remodeling enzyme lysocardiolipin acyltransferase is a novel target in pulmonary fibrosis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2014;189:1402–1415. 5. Bensinger SJ, Christofk HR. New aspects of the Warburg effect in cancer cell biology. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2012;23:352–361. 6. Selman M, Pardo A. Revealing the pathogenic and aging-related mechanisms of the enigmatic idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: an integral model. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2014;189:1161–1172. 7. Win T, Lambrou T, Hutton BF, Kayani I, Screaton NJ, Porter JC, Maher TM, Endozo R, Shortman RI, Lukey P, et al. 18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography pulmonary imaging in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is reproducible: implications for future clinical trials. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2012;39:521–528. 8. Win T, Thomas BA, Lambrou T, Hutton BF, Screaton NJ, Porter JC, Maher TM, Endozo R, Shortman RI, Afaq A, et al. Areas of normal pulmonary parenchyma on HRCT exhibit increased FDG PET signal in IPF patients. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2014;41: 337–342. 9. Kottmann RM, Kulkarni AA, Smolnycki KA, Lyda E, Dahanayake T, Salibi R, Honnons S, Jones C, Isern NG, Hu JZ, et al. Lactic acid is elevated in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and induces myofibroblast differentiation via pH-dependent activation of transforming growth factor-b. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2012;186:740–751. 10. Xie N, Tan Z, Banerjee S, Cui H, Ge J, Liu R-M, Bernard K, Thannickal VJ, Liu G. Glycolytic reprogramming in myofibroblast differentiation and lung fibrosis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2015;192:1462–1474. 11. Everts B, Amiel E, van der Windt GJ, Freitas TC, Chott R, Yarasheski KE, Pearce EL, Pearce EJ. Commitment to glycolysis sustains survival of NO-producing inflammatory dendritic cells. Blood 2012; 120:1422–1431. 12. Owen OE, Kalhan SC, Hanson RW. The key role of anaplerosis and cataplerosis for citric acid cycle function. J Biol Chem 2002;277: 30409–30412. 13. Pavlides S, Tsirigos A, Vera I, Flomenberg N, Frank PG, Casimiro MC, Wang C, Fortina P, Addya S, Pestell RG, et al. Loss of stromal caveolin-1 leads to oxidative stress, mimics hypoxia and drives inflammation in the tumor microenvironment, conferring the "reverse Warburg effect": a transcriptional informatics analysis with validation. Cell Cycle 2010;9:2201–2219. 14. Molyneaux PL, Cox MJ, Willis-Owen SA, Mallia P, Russell KE, Russell AM, Murphy E, Johnston SL, Schwartz DA, Wells AU, et al. The role of bacteria in the pathogenesis and progression of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2014;190:906–913. 15. Nicholson JK, Holmes E, Kinross J, Burcelin R, Gibson G, Jia W, Pettersson S. Host-gut microbiota metabolic interactions. Science 2012;336:1262–1267.


The strong impression one gets from reading the article by Pierre I. Karakiewicz and Armen G. Aprikian in the CMAJ prostate cancer series [[1]][1] is that serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) screening in beneficial. Their initial teaching point reads "Early detection of prostate cancer is of


Hyperbaric oxygen treatment (HBOT) is a FDA approved adjunctive therapy for 14 different conditions, including delayed radiation injury, impaired wound healing, compromised skin grafts and compression sickness. Patients typically receive multiple daily treatments in chambers pressurized up to 3.0 atmospheres with 100% oxygen, depending on the disease state/type. We previously demonstrated that HBOT stimulates vasculogenic stem cell growth and differentiation in vivo, by creating a physiological redox‐active autocrine loop in circulating progenitor cells. Recent studies also supported the role of HBOT in activation of redox‐regulated pathways including hypoxia inducible factor (HIF), mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK), thioredoxin (Trx) system, nuclear factor erythroid 2 (Nrf2) as well as nitric oxide (NO) signaling. In this study we proposed that alterations in mitochondrial function is an early event following HBOT. Mice were treated with HBO for 90 min at 2.8 ATA. Cellular bioenergetics and mitochondrial respiration were assessed immediately following treatment in primary cells using Seahorse Extracellular flux analyzer. Oxygen consumption rate (OCR) was measured after the sequential injections of oligomycin (inhibitor of ATP synthase), carbonyl cyanide p‐trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone (FCCP; uncoupler of mitochondrial inner membrane), and antimycin A (inhibitor of complex III). HBOT significantly altered the basal respiration as well as spare respiratory capacity. Furthermore, the mitochondrial mass is significantly increased following a single HBOT session. Future studies will determine the effect of multiple HBOT sessions on mitochondrial function and cellular bioenergetics, which can provide novel targets to improve the efficacy of an already safe and approved therapy.


The corrosion properties of Sn-9(5Al-Zn), Sn-Cu and SAC305 were studied via potentiodynamic polarization method in an acidic solution of 1 M hydrochloric acid (HCl). Sn-9(5Al-Zn) produced different polarization profile compared with Sn-Cu and SAC305. The morphological analysis showed that small, deep grooves shaped of corrosion product formed on top of Sn-9(5Al-Zn) solder while two distinctive structures of closely packed and loosely packed corrosion product formed on top of Sn-Cu and SAC305 solder alloys. Phase analysis revealed the formations of various corrosion products such as SnO and SnO2 mainly dominant on surface of solder alloys after potentiodynamic polarization in 1 M hydrochloric acid (HCl).


The pre-heating amplitude-modulated theory model applied in the lower ionosphere modulated heating was constructed based on elementary electron energy equation and continuity equation.Then,extremely low frequency/very low frequency(ELF/VLF) radiation levels using pre-heating amplitude-modulated mode in the ionosphere amplitude modulated heating was studied in detail.Taken HAARP heater for example,we compared ELF/VLF dipole moment magnitude produced by general amplitude modulated heating mode with pre-heating amplitude modulated mode.The results indicate that when the radiated power of heater system higher and of ELF/VLF frequency lower,the pre-heating amplitude modulated mode is more effective.Under certain heating conditions,ELF/VLF radiation levels improve by 5.3 dB using pre-heating amplitude-modulated mode comparing to general amplitude-modulated mode.


Treated wood wastes disposal is becoming a challenge because of increasing amounts of treated wood wastes and restricted regulations regarding solid wastes landfilling or burning. Appropriate disposal options have been developed in recent years based on treated wood wastes recycling. However, treated wood wastes recycling options are limited because of organic or inorganic preservative agents. Recovery of these compounds is sometimes required to allow treated wood wastes recycling. This chapter reviews remediation technologies based on inorganic and organic compounds removal by physical, biological or chemical processes. It then discussed future trends concerning treated wood wastes recycling options.


www.sciencemag.org (this information is current as of January 27, 2009 ): The following resources related to this article are available online at http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/282/5396/2053 version of this article at: including high-resolution figures, can be found in the online Updated information and services, http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/282/5396/2053#otherarticles , 4 of which can be accessed for free: cites 18 articles This article 113 article(s) on the ISI Web of Science. cited by This article has been http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/282/5396/2053#otherarticles 6 articles hosted by HighWire Press; see: cited by This article has been http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/collection/planet_sci Planetary Science : subject collections This article appears in the following http://www.sciencemag.org/about/permissions.dtl in whole or in part can be found at: this article permission to reproduce of this article or about obtaining reprints Information about obtaining


reported for several species of frogs, especially in the family Ranidae (Jablonski et al., 2014). An aberrant blue colouration in frogs presumably is associated with genetic mutations of the carotenoid-bearing xanthophores (Berns and Narayan, 1970; Bechtel, 1995; Henle et al., 2017). Normally, underlying iridiphores reflect short (blue) wavelengths of light back through yellowish carotenoids in overlying xanthophores, which results in the greenish colouration typical of many species of frogs (Bagnara et al., 1968; Bagnara and Hadley, 1973; Bagnara and Matsumoto, 2006). If xanthophores are lacking or do not properly sequester carotenoids, short wavelengths of light reflect back through the skin unaltered, which results in a patch that appears blue (Berns and Narayan, 1970; Bechtel, 1995). Such aberrant blue colouration can occur either over the entire body surface or as scattered isolated patches (partial axanthism). In this report, we describe an axanthic Southern Leopard Frog, Lithobates sphenocephalus (Cope, 1886) from middle Tennessee in the southeastern USA. On 29 September 2017 at approximately 20:00 h, we found a partially axanthic adult male L. sphenocephalus (TL = 54.6 mm; mass = 14.2 g; Figure 1) at a small pond (35.343289oN, 86.129559oW; WSG84) located on Arnold Air Force Base (AAFB) in Franklin County, Tennessee, USA. We recaptured this frog at the same pond on 13 October 2017. The frog had the spotting pattern characteristic of the species, but the dorsum was almost entirely pale blue, with only a few small, scattered patches of green. Although small patches of blue were present also on the sides, snout, upper thighs, and calves, much of the body was normally coloured. The irises were a pale golden-yellow. The partially axanthic individual was one of 12 L. sphenocephalus we found at the pond during September, one of 16 we found at the pond during 2017, and one of 164 that we found at AAFB during 2017. Although colouration is variable among L. sphenocephalus in middle Tennessee in general and at Arnold Air Force Herpetology Notes, volume 11: 601-602 (2018) (published online on 04 August 2018)


By comparing the sterilized bag-cultivated varieties,Volvariella volvacea strain V4 showed the highest yield of 132 g per bag.Its biological efficiency was 43.5%,a significant difference from the others.Our button-controlling and yield-improving study showed that the V.volvacea(Bull.) Singer's primordium quantity and fruiting body immaturation rate could be manipulated by controlling the fermentation time and illumination during the mycelium phase to improve yield.The highest yields were obtained at 212 g per bag in the case of straw composting for 5 d turning pile once,or at 231 g per bag when 150 lux was applied.The biological efficiency for the former was 53%,and 57.8% for the latter.Both were extremely significant.


A spatially independent model that calculates the time evolution of the electron spectrum in a spherically expanding pulsar wind nebula (PWN) is presented, allowing one to make broadband predictions for the PWN's non-thermal radiation. The source spectrum of electrons injected at the termination shock of the PWN is chosen to be a broken power law. In contrast to previous PWN models of a similar nature, the source spectrum has a discontinuity in intensity at the transition between the low- and high-energy components. To test the model, it is applied to the young PWN G21.5−0.9, where it is found that a discontinuous source spectrum can model the emission at all wavelengths better than a continuous one. The model is also applied to the unidentified sources HESS J1427−608 and HESS J1507−622. Parameters are derived for these two candidate nebulae that are consistent with the values predicted for other PWNe. For HESS J1427−608, a present day magnetic field of Bage = 0.4 μG is derived. As a result of the small present day magnetic field, this source has a low synchrotron luminosity, while remaining bright at GeV/TeV energies. It is therefore possible to interpret HESS J1427−608 within the ancient PWN scenario. For the second candidate PWN HESS J1507−622, a present day magnetic field of Bage = 1.7 μG is derived. Furthermore, for this candidate PWN a scenario is favored in the present paper in which HESS J1507−622 has been compressed by the reverse shock of the supernova remnant.


Background: There are rare reports of broken surgical blades occurring during lumbar discectomy, and even fewer that discuss their retrieval. Case Description: While a 54-year-old male was undergoing a lumbar discectomy, the knife blade was broken. As it was difficult to retrieve the fragment through the original incision, the patient was closed, and a postoperative angio-computerized tomography (CT) was obtained. When the CT angiogram (CTA) documented the retained fragment had become lodged near the iliac vein within the psoas muscle, a second operation for blade retrieval, consisting of a paravertebral, lateral transpsoas approach, was successfully performed. Conclusion: In some cases, it is difficult to retrieve a broken scalpel blade during the index surgery. When this occurs, we would recommend closing the patient, and obtaining a CTA to better document the location of the retained foreign body. Based upon these findings, a safer second stage procedure may be performed (e.g., as in this case using a paravertebral lateral transpsoas approach) to avoid undue sequelae/morbidity.


Abstract This article investigates the suitability of traditional and participatory planning approaches in managing the process of spatial development of existing housing estates, based on the case study of Warsaw's Ursynów Północny district. The basic assumption of the article is that due to lack of government schemes targeted at the restructuring of large housing estates, it is the business environment that drives spatial transformations and through that shapes the development of participation. Consequently the article focuses on the reciprocal relationships between spatial transformations and participatory practices. Analysis of Ursynów Północny against the background of other estates indicates that it presents more endangered qualities than issues to be tackled. Therefore the article focuses on the potential of the housing estate and good practices which can be tracked throughout its lifetime. The paper focuses furthermore on real-life processes, addressing the issue of privatisation, development pressure, formal planning procedures and participatory budgeting. In the conclusion it attempts to interpret the existing spatial structure of the estate as a potential framework for a participatory approach.


The effects of grazing by captive goslings of the lesser snow goose on the vegetation of the La Perouse Bay salt marsh were investigated. On seven separate occasions during the summers of 1986 and 1987 goslings fed on different swards of Puccinellia phryganodes for up to 150 min. Net above-ground primary production and forage quality (amounts of nitrogen and carbon in tissues) of vegetation were measured in grazed and ungrazed plots.


This paper deals with presentation of using of wavelet transform for processing of mining induced seismic events. This procedure is presented on example of wave patterns recorded in Karviná region. Main presented result is wavelet-packed decomposition, or time-frequency map of logarithm of squared Morlet continuous wavelet transform coefficients. It is documented that this processing contributes to vivid frequency analysis and to cluster analysis of wave patterns.


Objective To evaluate the effect of different dosage and different treatment time of mifepristone on the expression of metalloproteinase 9(MMP-9) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1(TIMP-1) in ectopic endometrium in rats.Methods Sixty-five endometriotic rats were randomly divided into three groups: the control group and the mifepristone groups(including low dose and high dose groups).Twenty days,30 days and 40 days after gastrogavage,all rats were killed and tissues of ectopic endometrium were removed for detecting MMP-9 and TIMP-1.Results The expression of MMP-9 decreased and the expression of TIMP-1 increased in the mifepristone groups(P0.05).This phenomenon in the high dose group was more significant than that in low dose group.The expression of TIMP-1 was the highest in the mifepristone groups after 30 days(P0.05),and the ratio between MMP-9 and TIMP-1 was lower than 1.Conclusions The treatment with mifepristone can reduce the invasiveness of ectopic endometrium in rats,especially in the high dose group.Mifepristone can decrease the invasiveness of ectopic endometrium most significantly 30 days after the treatment.It is useless to prolong treatment time for reducing the invasiveness of the rats' ectopic endometrium.


Internet and websites, thanks to their popularity, are powerful tools than can be used to inform local society and the visitors on the role of the Protected Areas and National Parks, their ecological value, the restrictions for visitors, the ecotourism activities and contribute to informing and raising awareness. In order to evaluate and compare the websites of National Parks, an inspection evaluation experiment is presented. As a case study we have used the websites of National Parks in Greece, as Greece has rich biodiversity and a lot of tourists visiting the country during the summer. In order to process the results of the evaluation, we used a Multi Criteria Decision Making Theory, namely Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). AHP has a formal way of quantifying the qualitative criteria of the alternatives and in this way removes the subjectivity of the results. The paper provides the basic steps of the experiment based on the advantages of the inspection methods and the steps of the AHP theory. The implementation of the particular experiment leads to conclusions about the electronic presence of National Parks in Greece.


This main objective of the present investigation was to detect and quantify the concentration levels of hippuric acid and methyl hippuric acid as indices of exposure to toluene and xylenes air pollutants in the urine of subjects exposed to Benzene Toluene Ethyle benzene Xylene (BTEX) -air pollutants. Fifty seven urine samples were collected from individuals working in nine different locations in Khartoum city including six Gasoline stations; two industrial areas and one control site were examined using HPLC MS/MS analysis. Average concentration levels of hippuric acid (HA) and methyl hippuric (MHA) acid 776.0612 ppm, 468.824 ppm were detected, respectively in the urine samples collected from subjects working in gasoline stations and concentration levels of HA and MHA of 60.5531ppm, 36.1945 ppm, respectively were detected for samples collected from subjects working in industrial areas. On the other hand, the urine samples collected in the control site showed an average of 27.6275 ppm, 16.297 ppm for HA and MHA, respectively. Statistical analysis revealed that all of these results were significantly different (P< 0.05). More importantly, the results not only revealed the degree of exposure to toluene and xylenes to which these workers were subjected to, but also revealed the levels of these pollutants in the surrounding environment.


Young talents are the reserve forces of hospital's discipline construction.The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University has made remarkable achievements in the young talent construction by taking some innovative measures.These measures included actively exploring evaluation methods for new staff during probation period,strengthening their scientific,English and clinical skills,selecting excellent young talents and encouraging them to further their study abroad,setting up position of scientific research assistant and cultivating backbone professionals.The hospital has gradually formed a complete step and strategy for implementing talent construction and disciplinary development.

Key words:
Young talent construction;  Effectiveness analysis;  Innovative measures


The research community have the significant attention in the field of approximate computing in the over few years, mainly in the context of several signal processing applications. In computing, the image and video compression algorithms like MPEG and JPEG are especially important. Therefore, due to the imperceptibility of human, they are tolerant of imprecision of computing that can be utilized for achieving highly power efficient implementations on these algorithms. We suggested a reconfigurable inexact architecture for MPEG encoders. Its main objective is to maintain a specific Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR) threshold for any video. On the basis of characteristics of each unique video we propose two heuristics for tuning the approximate degree of RAB in these two modules during runtime. An experimental result achieves a 30% saving of power over a conventional architecture of MPEG encoder. The presented reconfigurable architecture for the MPEG encoder can be simply expanded to other applications of DSP.


The C/C-ZrC-SiC composites were produced through precursor infiltration and pyrolysis(PIP)process using a hybrid precursor containing polycarbosilane and organic zirconium-contained polymer.The composition and microstructure of the novel ceramic composites were analyzed and the effects of ceramic precursor ratio on ablation properties of the C/C-ZrC-SiC composites were investigated.The results show that the multiphase ceramic matrix is composed of abundant ZrC particles which are distributed in the continuous SiC phase uniformly.The ablation rates of the C/C-ZrC-SiC composites generally decrease at first,and then increase along with the rising of ZrC contents.When the mass ratio of polycarbosilane and organic zirconium-contained polymer is 1∶3,ZrC content reaches 13.3vol% approximately,and in the oxyacetylene ablation test which lasts 600 s,mass ablation rate and linear ablation rate of the C/C-ZrC-SiC composites reach their bottom values,which are-0.0015 mm/s and 0.0002g/s respectively.It is found that a viscous ZrO2-SiO2 glassy oxide membrane is formed in the high temperature oxidizing atmosphere,which could effectively reduce diffusion velocity of oxidizing gas,and protect the composites from being oxidized.


Methods for dealing with a Horn logic program and one goal are well-known and successful. Here we are concerned with treating logic programs enhanced by some negative literals using the same methods, in particular SLD-resolution. We describe the approach and show its correctness. The result can be applied to default reasoning and has some relevance for model elimination based theorem proving.


The legal right is a key component in the right system.Only when undergoing national will intermediary,the crude right can become the legal right sgstem,become people's actual tight,i.e.the actual legal-based right.The legal right has its characteristics of general right and its own essential features.The walue of the legal right lied in that it reflects that a country respects the demand of basis interests of a person as a person and attaches great importance to the basic personality independence,reflecting a country's comprehension to and concern for the deep layer of the human nature.In a country that works for the interests of people,it is an equalization point among individual,country and society,it has brought freedom,order and justice.


How concentrated from the fluid to remove the material or fluid with a substance and a filter device is disclosed which, i) providing at least one convection zone and the filter device comprising at least one receiving layer adjacent to each other, ii) the main direction of flow along the layer, as the main flow of liquid or gas is in a convection layer, a liquid or gas is passed through the filter, the relevant material is moved to the receiving layer from a) convection layer, b ) receiving layer by holding, further movement (Transferred), degeneration (degraded), or is changed (modified), or is supplied by c) receiving layer, consists in moving from d) receiving layer to the fluid convective layer . Filter device according to the invention, the sorption or other holding or depletion mechanism, e.g., adsorption, absorption, precipitation, filtration, sedimentation, degeneration, chemical modification, enrichment and other feed mechanism, for example, dissolution, biological production , in combination with a chemical reaction product, diffusion, sedimentation, acting by mixing region mass flows. An object of the present invention is to provide a filter apparatus having a high hydraulic capacity that is determined independently of the filtering material during the life of the filter, even better for fighting the pollutant mass exchange example in waste water in that it provides the conditions malleable. Filter device can be used to process any fluid, if you have to handle the huge fluid per unit time, and / or, storm runoff (urban, highway and other road flow fighters self) composite sewage overflow effluent from wastewater treatment plants, ground water, surface water (lakes, rivers, streams), if it contains removal substance concentration which fluid alternately as industrial waste water is preferred. However, the filter device can also be used to concentrate the fluid in substance, if you need to concentrate large fluid per unit time, or, as the addition of removal and microorganisms suspended solids If the must be combined with removal of the concentrate it is preferred.


This study is to ascertain pre-service teachers` conceptions for the causes of season change, to verify their conceptional mistakes, and to analyze how their conceptions are changed while presenting Disproof-Experiment Model where they cannot explain it with their current conceptions. 32 junior students of Education universities, pre-service elementary teachers, located at the middle of Korea participated in this research including two interviews and one experiment activity. As a result of analyzing of the data, the pre-service teachers held diverse conceptions for the causes of season change such as to mistake the phenomena, the distance between the earth and the sun, the tilting of the rotation axis and the revolving around the sun while changing the tilting direction of the rotation axis as the cause. After applying Disproof-Experiment Model designed by the researchers in order to change the current conception above, the conception changes of the pre-service teachers were investigated. Diverse Disproof-Experiment Models were used differently depending on the pre-service teachers` conceptions. As a result of the application of Disproof-Experiment Model, 26 out of 28 pre-service teachers were changed to scientific conceptions. It was determined that in order to modify pre-service teachers` conceptions, designing and presenting the Disproof-Experiment Model appropriate to their conceptions are effective after analyzing their conceptions. In case of conceptions that pre-service teachers feel difficult, it was established that unraveling experiment models prescribed after investigating the preconceptions and identifying the misconceptions are important.


The velocity of the computer development is far faster than users' updating frequency of the computer,which has brought about the problem that the need for the computer's configuration can not accord with the reality.Therefore,this paper puts forward a principal-agent model to solve the problem in the computer leasing market.This model can give some advice for the people when choosing the leasing parameters,which can satisfy all requirements of different kinds of people and improve the status that the computer is rare in some secluded regions.


Cloud computing is a set of IT services that are provided to a customer over a network on a leased basis and with the ability to scale up or down their service requirements [1]. Mobile Cloud Computing (MCC) is a revolution in the field of mobile world. Mobile cloud computing is the combination of cloud computing and mobile networks to bring benefits for mobile users, network operators, as well as providers of cloud computing. It advantages to mention but a few include scalability, resilience, efficiency, flexibility and many other. Despite the potential gains achieved from the mobile cloud computing, the people are slow in accepting it due to security issues and challenges associated with it. Security is one of the major issues which hamper the growth of cloud. This paper introduces a detailed analysis of the mobile cloud computing security issues and challenges focusing on the computing types and the service delivery types [1].It also presents the various ways of preventing the security issues.


1. Caballero MR, Lukawska J, Lee TH, Dugué P. Allergy to vitamin B12: two cases of successful desensitization with cyanocobalamin. Allergy 2007;62:1341– 1342. 2. Simons FER, Frew AJ, Ansotegui IJ, Bochner BS, Golden DBK, Finkelman FD et al. Practical allergy (PRACTALL) report: risk assessment in anaphylaxis. Allergy 2008;63:35–37. Allergy 2008: 63: 25


Wind penetration levels have increased dramatically in recent years. This has motivated the need for wind turbines and wind plants to provide grid frequency regulation services. Wind turbines do not inherently provide frequency regulation services in the same manner as conventional synchronous generators because modern wind turbines are decoupled from the grid via their power electronics. Consequently, active power control (APC) must be performed to allow wind turbines to participate in grid frequency regulation. In this paper, we consider a wind turbine APC system, which uses a generator torque controller to operate in a derated manner, allowing the turbine to maintain overhead power. Derated operation is achieved by operating the turbine at a higher-than-optimal tip-speed ratio. We show the stability of the APC torque controller and the asymptotic stability of the derated operating points for a constant input. Further, the control system is shown to be input-to-state stable for time-varying inputs.


In today's world, it is considered of great importance to retain customers as they are only loyal to their convenience. The launch of the loyalty programs was a result of the dynamic environment of the Indian retail market which forced the retail agencies to focus largely on customer retention. A company offers its loyal customers with rewards programs which includes incentives such as entry into exclusive events, free merchandise, discounts, coupons, points, etc. to increase their customer base as well as enhance customer retention. The goal of this study is to obtain a deep understanding of the ideologies used by Indian companies such as Van Heusen, Westside India and Pantaloons India Ltd. while developing their loyalty programs and also understand the techniques used for developing them. The importance of the loyalty programs has also been determined. Aim or Need of Study: The purpose of the paper is to study about the different types of loyalty programs introduced by various brands like Van Heusen, Westside India and Pantaloons and thus determine the importance of these loyalty programs. Methodology: To achieve the objectives of the study, secondary data in the form of news reports, case articles and research papers were consulted and existing literature on the subject was thoroughly reviewed. Results: The study revealed that loyalty programs have become a crucial part of customer retention and have become an expected part of consumer experience. They also help to attract new customers either through the good word of mouth spread by the existing customers or by the unique loyalty programs they offer which catches the eyes of the customers. This has a major contribution in achieveing the main objective of business i.e. maximising the profits.


The averaged received intensity of hollow higher-order cosh-Gaussian (HHOCG) beam propagating in oceanic turbulence is derived based on extended Huygens–Fresnel integral. In detail, the effect of beam parameters and oceanic turbulence parameters on the received intensity is analyzed. Interestingly, beam has a focusing nature along propagation. Our results indicate that received intensity distribution is not affected from the variation in source field parameters. Beam size at the receiver plane can vary according to the changes in turbulence nature. Accordingly, the provided results will contribute to the improvement of both underwater optical communication and imaging systems.


Through analysing the shortcomings in technician,product,the model of marketing and brand,combining the characters of consumers' behavior with the situation of competition,put forwaeds countermeasures to get the competitive Superiority,such as the development of enviornmental product,technology resear ch based on cooperation,the innovative marketing model and different levels of brand based on industry cluster.


Let $s$, $\ell$ be two integers such that $2\le s\le \ell-1$, $\ell\ge 3$. We prove that a suitable asymptotic formula for the average number of representations of integers $n=\sum_{i=1}^{s} p_{i}^{\ell}$, where $p_i$, $i=1,\dotsc,s$, are prime numbers, holds in short intervals.


In this one-day Symposium recent developments in rankings of universities and the impact of these rankings on academia in the context of international benchmarking and evaluation will be presented by leading experts in this field. The focus is on technical and methodological challenges and strategies related to these rankings, and on new approaches.

Advanced Information: http://www.heeact.edu.tw/conference2008/


Adiabatic circuits operate with low power consumption due to the retrieval of charge stored in the load capacitances of the circuits. The circuits are becoming a promising alternative to Bulk CMOS electronic circuits. The adiabatic logic families use CLOCK as power supply to the circuits whereas Bulk CMOS Circuits use constant voltage source. This paper presents an implementation of a power clock generator using delay locked loop for adiabatic circuit. The paper presents the detail implementation issues in the power clock generator design. The proposed design uses a Phase combiner which generates the power clock of frequency greater than 1 GHz. The extended version using FinFET based architecture will be proposed in future. The simulations are carried out in HSPICE using predictive technology models in 32nm.


Yttrium aluminum garnet YAG doped by Vanadium ions V3+ is a saturable absorber useful for passive Q-switching of lasers operating at wavelengths around 1.3 µm [1]. The topic of our present work was investigation of nonlinear transmission polarization anisotropy. The goal was to estimate V:YAG saturable absorber orientation in respect to cavity mode polarization to improve Q-switched laser output. The saturable absorber transmission in dependence on incident energy/power density was measured using the z-scan method. A diode pumped Nd:YAG/V:YAG microchip laser [2], operating at wavelength 1338 nm, was used as a polarized radiation source (pulse length 6.2 ns, energy 0.08 mJ). Measured data were fitted using a numerical model of a "thick" saturable absorber transmission for Q-switched Gaussian laser beam [3]. Following parameters were estimated: saturable absorber initial transmission T0, saturation energy density ws, ground-state absorption cross-section σGSA, saturated absorber transmission Ts, excited-state absorption cross-section σESA, ratio γ = σGSA/σESA, and absorbing ions density. The saturable absorber nonlinear transmission curve was measured repetitively for absorber turning around longitudinal crystal axis. For each angle, measured data were processed and absorber parameters were obtained. This measurement was done for two various cuts of V:YAG crystal - [111] and [100].


Abstract:Whereas silence in Racine's theater has been explored as a psychological manifestation of a character's difficulty to communicate emotion, silence reflects the ambivalence underlying colonialist ideology in Bérénice. This article investigates the dramatic and cultural representations of silence within a postcolonial perspective. Despite Bérénice's marginalized status within imperial Rome, she constructs alternate modes of expression. Conversely, it is Titus who remains afflicted by the silencing effects of Orientalist discourse. This article explores the ambivalence at the heart of imperial discourse via the aphasia of the Roman emperor, and makes an argument for envisaging Racine as a precursor of postcolonial criticism.


High-performance Si thin-film transistors (TFTs) are fabricated inside a single, location-controlled grain with gate SiO/sub 2/ deposited by electron cyclotron resonance plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (ECR-PECVD). The position of the large grains is controlled by /spl mu/-Czochralski (grain-filter) process with excimer-laser crystallization. Owing to the low interface trap density of ECR-PECVD SiO/sub 2/ the single-grain Si TFTs showed a smaller subthreshold swing of 0.45 V/decade, in addition to a higher field-effect mobility for electrons of 460 cm/sup 2//Vs than that with low-pressure chemical-vapor deposited (LPCVD) SiO/sub 2/.


The interplay between the molecular configuration and the electrical and optical properties of various individual nanostructures is studied in this thesis. These are carbon nanotubes (CNTs), tetramanganese-decorated carbon nanotubes, and InAs nanowires that are investigated on the single-device level with high-resolution transmission electron microscopy and spectroscopy (HR-TEM), Raman scattering, and low-temperature quantum transport measurements. These techniques probe complementary material properties and can jointly provide a comprehensive characterization of the individual nanostructure. This correlation is achieved on a novel sample design developed in the course of this thesis. It combines various lithographic steps on a TEM membrane and is compatible with many (self-assembled) nanostructures. It decouples the device from the substrate, leading to clean transport properties. An individual triple-walled carbon nanotube, as identified using HR-TEM, is investigated with Raman spectroscopy and room-temperature electrical transport. The optical response and the transport channel can be assigned to the individual walls. Quantum transport experiments are performed on two additional carbon nanotube devices, identified with the HR-TEM as a two-fold bundle of single-walled CNTs and a triplewalled CNT, respectively. The stability diagrams exhibit complex features as avoided crossings, Fano-shaped coulomb peaks, and regular saw tooth patterns. Their origin is only found with the detailed knowledge of about the atomic structure. More precisely, these features can be modeled with capacitive and molecular interactions between the various elements of the devices and the environment. Universal conductance fluctuations and the phase-coherence length of four individual InAs nanowire transport devices are likewise studied. Two different temperature dependences can be measured. They are not related to a crystal phase mixing because all four nanowires are statistically identical in these terms as determined by a HR-TEM measurement. The properties of carbon nanotubes can be modified by chemical functionalization. The route proposed in this thesis is the decoration with a tetramanganese molecular antiferromagnet via a carboxylate ligand exchange with the carbon nanotube. The degree of functionalization can be controlled with the oxidation of the CNT. The decoration is monitored with brightand dark field HR-TEM as well as energy-dispersive X-ray and electron energy loss spectroscopy that show the repartition of the Mn on the carbon nanotubes. Raman spectroscopy and SQUID measurements provide further evidence of a successful decoration and show the integrity of the hybrids. Transport experiments on functionalized carbon nanotube networks demonstrate the integrability of such structures into single-hybrid quantum transport devices. In conclusion, the developed sample layout has a great potential to investigate the impact of specific structural modifications on optical and electrical properties of individual nanostructures. This is an important ingredient for the comparison of theoretical predictions and experimental results.


Brown bears have been identified as important predators of moose in North America (Ballard and Larsen 1987). In southcentral Alaska brown bears were responsible for 79% of mortalities to moose calves during their first 6 weeks of life (Ballard et al. 1981). Subsequently, an attempt was made to improve moose calf survival by temporarily reducing spring brown bear density in this area. This paper summarizes the results of these studies.


For multipath propagation in spherically stratified clear air, the formulas are derived for the phase difference between the direct ray and the multipath ray reflected from an atmospheric layer, and for their arrival angles. With the earth's curvature set to zero, the above formulas will reduce to those currently in use for a plane-stratified atmosphere. With the formulas here derived and the empirical cumulative distribution of refractive index gradients, theoretical expressions for the statistical distributions of the cross-polarization discrimination (XPD) and copolarized attenuation (CPA) are obtained. Furthermore, the relationship between equiprobable values of XPD and CPA is found to be linear. All the above formulas are related to the frequency, the path length, meteorological parameters and cross-polar antenna patterns. The theoretically predicted results for XPD and CPA agree well with experimental data for several paths.


Aihwa Ong's description of contemporary cultures of globalization, in which notions of identity, citizenship, and national belonging are re-inscribed within the neo-liberal state, summarizes the backdrop for this special issue on deviant brown. In essence, it seeks to interrogate how brown becomes a neo-liberal technology of identification, by which citizenship and belonging is negotiated through a complex and symbiotic relationship between state intervention and everyday culture. The title, Deviant Brown, refers to this potential for random bodies, whether they are the historically brown bodies of Latin American migration, the brown bodies of Asia and the Middle East, the globalized bodies of migratory labour, or the queered bodies of alterity, to fall under the same disciplining and governmental practices of the neo-liberal state. Here, neo-liberalism is 'conceptualized as a new relationship between government and knowledge through which governing activities are recast as nonpolitical and nonideological problems that need technological solutions' (Ong 2006, p. 3). In essence, as I will explain at length later, these technological solutions of the neo-liberal state reflects a shift of brown from identity to identification. Thus, brown, in the various moments described in the issue, has come to represent myriad discourses that nevertheless together reflect a particular situation within contemporary global culture. For many of the contributors, the events of 9/11 proved to be a pivotal moment that justified the deployment of brown as an identification. And indeed, 9/11 did provide an opportunity for the Bush administration to rationalize and enact post-Cold War strategies for a unipolar global order that was in the planning during the previous three decades (Monje, 2007). But as Susan Harewood (in this issue) shows, 9/11 alone did not fashion this particular mutation of brown. Instead, it is a malleable term that refers to the ways in which deviance and discipline manifest in national, regional, and global contexts.


To study about stages of early development of Pomacea canaliculata. The egg masses of these snails were fixed in 10% formalin, embedded in paraffin blocks. The serial sections (6 micrometer in thickess) were stained by hematoxylin and eosin dye and examined under light microscope. It was found that the first cleavage division occurred after laying the egg masses and this cleavage type of zygote or fertilized egg was holoblastic type with unequal in both vertical and horizontal planes. Then, the first cleavage (2-cell embryo) underwent into second unequal division until the embryo reached the 4-cell stage. After that, all cells still continued to cleavage and gave rise to the mass of unequal cells called morula. After morula stage, the embryo developed into blastula stage that had no blastocoel and was stereoblastula. In blastula stage, there was an increase in the number of small blastomeres. These small blastomeres spread over and invested in the large blastomeres by the method of epiboly resulted in the formation of gastrula stage.


Population mobility, increasing demand for transportation, and the complexity of land use have an impact on environmental quality degradation and air quality pollution. This study aims to analyze (1) the effect of population mobility, increased traffic volume, and land use change on air quality pollution, (2) direct and indirect effects of urban activities, transportation systems, and movement patterns on environmental quality degradation and air pollution index, and (3) air pollution strategy and sustainable urban environmental management. The research method used is a sequential explanation design. Data were obtained through observation, surveys, in-depth interviews, and documentation. The results of the study illustrate that the business center and Daya terminal with a value of 0.18 µgram/m3 is polluted, the power plant and Sermani industrial area with a value of 0.16 µgram/m3 is polluted, the Makassar industrial area with a value of 0.23 is heavily polluted, and the Hasanuddin International Airport area with a value of 0.04 µgram/m3 is not polluted. Population mobility, traffic volume, and land use changes have a significant effect on environmental quality degradation, with a determination coefficient of 94.1%. The direct effect of decreasing environmental quality on the air pollution index is 66.09%. This study recommends transportation management on the main road corridor of Makassar City, which is environmentally friendly with regard to sustainable environmental management.


Culture development with maintaining its cultural elements and adopt Han culture to enrich itself, is the historical experimental summarization and cultural strategy of Shes.


This is a review of published data on pulmonary manifestations of ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and a case report of 49-year old male suffering from AS with pulmonary involvement. Lung lesions are frequent extra-articular manifestations of AS. There are a variety of pulmonary manifestations in AS, including lesions of the lung parenchyma, the pleura, the airways and ventilation disorders due to sclerosis of the costovertebral joints and ankylosis of the thoracic spine. An incidence of the lung injury in AS patients has increased significantly after implementation of high-resolution computed tomography (CT). Pulmonary apical fibro-bullous changes were found in CT scans. These lesions are common targets for Aspergillus infection. In the present case, bilateral upper lobe cavitating pneumonia was diagnosed in the patient after exclusion of pulmonary tuberculosis. The patient repeatedly received prolonged antibiotic therapy. His condition deteriorated with development of chronic bilateral pulmonary cavitary aspergillosis. This clinical case demonstrates insufficient knowledge of physicians and radiologists on pulmonary involvement in AS. This leads to therapeutic mistakes and the late diagnosis of pulmonary disease.


In the current era of globalization the level of competition in the business world becomes increasingly tight. Many are doing small businesses that require capital, or small businesses that are developing to increase the ability of an increasing economy. This relates to one of the most important objectives and should be undertaken by all types of business: maintaining the viability of the company over a long period of time (going concern), business activities sometimes, visiting some things with competition to gain additional capital. This also makes it a challenge for bank companies to showcase their brand and quality of service that is superior and satisfactory to the purpose and number of customers.
This study aims to describe the quality of service and corporate image to customer satisfaction PT. Bank Perkreditan Rakyat Gracia Mandiri Bekasi Timur. Samples and this research lied 100 respondents with sampling technique purposive sampling. The method of analysis used are description and regression analysis. The results showed that the quality of service and corporate image include customer satisfaction.


fashion as part of a larger series of problems. Native support groups are mentioned but, given the author's interest in native politicians, such 'friends of the Indians' are not always described and in one case, O'Meara, omitted altogether. Early chapters detailing the legal history of aboriginal title and land claims, the profiles of which are well known, give way by mid book to some revelations about he origins, growth, and perplexities ofnative leadership. The author correctly does not shy away from reporting some of the difficulties of native administration on the aboriginal side. The strident nature of native rhetoric got the attention of Ottawa on more than one occasion. Nafives could and did disagree with one another, and the united voice was not always clear or consistent. However, over many years powerful changes were effected by such protests. Whereas the British Columbia government would have liked to have seen the question disappear under the argument that all of the lands of British Columbia belong to all of the people, the fact of the matter was that, in consequence of the political convulsions of the 1980s that are still hard to categorize, xpectations of the public at large had changed, and in these circumstances governments, in British Columbia and in Canada, were often the last to realize the ramifications. A pluralistic society of distinct entities may be the end result, and in this process the identification of aboriginal politidans and an analysis of aboriginal politics in regards to the British Columbia land-claim question provides an important, timely contribution to history and the social sciences generally. BARRY GOUGH Wilft'id Laurier University


In this article intends an application of the classic methods of Indoors Planning, so much as for Propagation as Traffic, in GSM networks to obtain the best efficiency of the systems. The objective is to achieve total covering of the building and the highest level of quality, studying with special attention the areas where is most difficult to predict the signal behaviour and where the mobility of the users causes important variations in the propagation environments. In particular, the signal behaviour in lifts and stairs has studied, in static and dynamic situations, and finally we presented, as an application, the results obtained in a picocelular Indoor system, designed and finally installed in an office building of 14 floors, where the results show total covering in the whole column of lifts, completing the objective value of –80 dBm in the whole run


ABSTRACT : The quantification of flood risk involves several modelling steps each of which comprises uncertainties. This work compares the impact of different sources of epistemic uncertainty in potential flood damage estimates. We distinguish the uncertainties linked to models, methods and data, i.e. model uncertainties; and the uncertainties correlated with the hypotheses and choices to be introduced in the models, i.e. parametric uncertainties. In order to measure the global uncertainty of damage estimations, different data acquisition and modelling strategies were proposed for the four fundamental modules of the assessment: (1) hydrological analyses and considerations for determining discharges for different event probabilities; (2) the types of hydraulic model built and considerations when integrating topographical and bathymetric data; (3) the datasets and methods used to characterise the vulnerability of buildings to floods; and (4) the damage functions used and the errors related to characterising the value of the stakes. We propagate uncertainties linked to different strategies in the assessment results (sensitivity tests related to each assessment module) and we measured the results variability generated. The method was applied to two case studies in the French part of the Rhine River basin. The results of this analysis showed that the uncertainty of each module of the assessment depends on several factors that are highly dependent on the characteristics of the sites studied. However, the role played by flood hazard modelling was preponderant in assessing flood risk to buildings, especially for the most frequent floods. This showed that great attention must be given when modelling frequent floods for damage assessment purposes. The results of this study highlighted that the uncertainty linked to protection structures (dikes and dams) is a significant source of uncertainty in the damage assessment process.


The Relative Effect of Personal, Structural, and Situational Attributes on Organizational Commitment for Teachers in KoreaKo, Jong-Wook?Son, Kyung Ae This study aimed to analyze the relative effect of personal, structural, and situational attributes on affective, continuous, and normative commitment...


The purpose of this study is to define and delineate the factors which influence the decision by non-English speaking background migrant Muslim women to access or not access their eligibility for English language tuition, as set out by current policies governing the eligibility of migrants to participate in Adult Migrant Education programs. As such, the study is of particular interest to both key informants: teachers, community workers, coordinators, and to the target population themselvesMigrant Muslim women. It is also of benefit to those who are concerned with implementing language programs as it will provide them with an understanding of the issues facing Muslim women that may prevent them from accessing such classes. It is also of particular interest because it delves into and explores an area where much speculation has taken place, but where little research of significance has been directed. The target population is defined as adult (over age 16) Muslim women from a non-English speaking background who are currently residing in the Perth metropolitan area. Two groups within this target population have been included in the study, the first being those women who have accessed migrant language tuition in a formal class setting (excluding those who have accessed the home tutor scheme). The second being those women who have not, with the objective of drawing a typology of the kind of Muslim women accessing classesage, country of birth, family, socio-economic status, perceived need to learn English, level of education and aspirations and other relevant variables that were brought to light through the research process. Data was collected using both quantitative and qualitative research methods which involved the analysis of figures pertaining to the numbers of


A novel centring on a group of people, who are connected by relationship, work and love affairs. The main character, Rosie, is convinced that the kinship between women, although a strong bond, should be realistic and accept that there will still be infidelities.


Thank you for providing us with the opportunity to revise our manuscript entitled "Effect of intradermal needle therapy at combined acupoints on patients' gastrointestinal function following surgery for gastrointestinal tumors" (Manuscript NO.: 78765). We would like to express our appreciation for your patience, as well as your careful and thorough examination in the process of reviewing our manuscript. The feedback was thoughtful and informative, and we believe this manuscript has significantly benefited from your input. We have reviewed the comments and suggestions carefully and made the corresponding revisions in the manuscript. Revisions in the manuscript are shown in red font. We hope that the revisions and our accompanying responses will enable further consideration of our manuscript for publication in the World Journal of Clinical Cases.


The kinematics of the ideal martial arts kick, and the best ways to train martial artists to achieve it, are both relatively unknown in the traditional, western biomechanics and kinesiology literature.


This compares various treat- ments of rectal gonorrhoea in women Stock- holm. The diagnoses confirmed rectal mega unit penicillin penicillin rectal


alignant wounds develop in 10 per cent of cancer clients. They are characterized by visible changes in the skin, with cancer cells protruding through the dermal layer. Wounds are not only cutaneous—sinuses may drain from areas of necrosis or from erosion into organs such as the bowel. Symptoms such as copious exudates, bleeding, infection, pain, and foul odour can occur. 1 This can be devastating for both clients and their families, affecting quality of life. The right choice of dressing can help control exudate and improve quality of life. Alginates and foams have proven to be effective for the symptoms of malignant wounds. The literature states alginate is a natural polymer derived from brown seaweed. Alignates act via an ion exchange mechanism, absorbing exudate and forming a non-adherent gel. Alginates are designed to absorb large amounts of discharge and can be changed every two to seven days. Alginates transport excess exudate from the skin surface to prevent maceration. They are strong when wet and are fibre-free. Alginates may influence wound healing in a number of ways not yet fully understood. In 1999, Bowler et al. showed that alginates and hydrofibres sequester and bind bacteria. The use of an alginate showed that healing time was significantly faster in Stage III or IV pressure ulcers. In a multicentred, randomized controlled trial comparing an alginate dressing to a hydrofibre dressing in the management of various wound types, researchers found that the alginate dressing demonstrated a statistically significant faster healing time when compared to the hydrofibre. Alginates contain calcium and sodium. It is well established that calcium plays an important role in wound healing and it is possible that calcium in the wound fluid, some of which is released from the alginate dressing, may modulate the healing. Perhaps sodium's ability to kill bacteria or other unique properties of calcium alginates may be influencing this outcome. Further study is warranted in this area. However, alginates are designed to have a secondary dressing. Foams have proven effective as a secondary dressing with alginates, increasing the absorption of fluid. Many foam products are water resistant and can be left on for up to seven days. Foams come in either a polyurethane polymer or a hydrocellular construction. Both have been shown to be equally effective. Most are hydrophyillic, which means they will absorb exudate and wick into the attached backing, thus keeping the skin dry. Exudate management depends critically on venting excess fluid. Because some foams are permeable to air and moisture, it is important not to cover them but only to "window frame" the dressing (see photo 1) with tape to allow maximum evaporation. Foams are 80 per cent air, offering cushioning, insulation, and absorbability. Let us examine how alginates and foams affect each symptom of malignant wounds. M


This chapter is to introduce the design of LS-1 soundroom, which include the design of isolation booth wall, door, window, base, aeration, light, electromagnetic screen etc.


In the study of classical obstacle problems, it is well known that in many configurations the free boundary intersects the fixed boundary tangentially. The arguments involved in producing results o ...


Objectives To probe into the etiology of acute respiratory distress syndrome(ARDS),the causes of death and the clinical significance of life symptom monitor during mechanical ventilation.Methods A retrospective analysis of 20 patients with ARDS in RICU was carried out.The patients were divided into survivor group and death group,and the data collected were the variables of age,sex,biochemical indicator,blood gas analysis,ICU length of stay,presence or absence of tracteostomy,length of ventilation,ventilation and so on.Results Between the survivor group and the death group there was a significant difference in the time length of ventilation(P=0.015).In the survivor group,there was a significant difference in the level of FiO2,SaO2,resperation rate(RR)and heart rate(HR)before and after the using of mechanical ventilation(P0.05).In the death group,there was an obvious increase in FiO2(P0.01)in the patients before they died,compared with the patients′state without the mechanical ventilation.Conclusion The treatment with mechanical ventilation is the crucial method in sustaining life symptom.FiO2,SaO2,RR and HR are the effective and handy as clinical signs to the patients with mechanical ventilation under the state of maintaining BP and PaO2.


A wide-band aperture coupled 2/spl times/4 microstrip array antenna using inverted feeding structures is presented for serving both Personal Communications Services and International Mobile Telecommunications-2000 services simultaneously. The measured bandwidth for 10 dB return loss at each port is 19.84% and 28.25%, respectively, which cover both services.


The geological structure and stratigraphic sections of typical areas of Ludikovian sediments in the northeast coast of the Lake Ladoga (Republic of Karelia) were studied. The formation of these strata is associated with the development in Ludikovian time of the extensive sedimentary basin, which was formed on the Archean crystalline basement of the Karelian craton. Variations in the composition and thickness of these metamorphosed Lower Proterozoic sedimentary and volcanic-sedimentary complexes, both laterally and in section, suggest a very disjointed bottom relief of the Ludikovian paleobasin and changing sedimentation conditions during the development of this structure. The reconstruction of the primary composition of metamorphosed volcanogenic and sedimentary rocks of Ludikovian rocks was carried out based on the petrochemical and petrographic characteristics. The protolith of the rocks lying at the basis of the Ludikovian strata was mainly carbonate and partly terrigenous sandy-clay sediments; the central part of the section is composed of metabasalts; ash, carbonate and clay sedimentary material with partly siliceous matter most likely associated with post-volcanic underwater exhalations and hydrothermal activity served as the protolith of metamorphosed volcanic-sedimentary rocks of the upper part of the section. Various environments of sedimentation in the Ludikovian paleo-basin were designated: a complex of graphite-containing rocks was formed in deep-water paleodepressions of the bottom of the sea basin with an oxygen deficiency; carbonate and clay sediments accumulated in the zones of free hydrodynamics. According to the results of the analysis of the contents of rare-earth elements, the complexes of "continental" and "oceanic" metabasalts, spatially combined as a result of the overthrust tectonics of the accretion-collision stage of development of the territory, were identified. A scheme of the evolution of the Ludikovian paleo-basin formed in conditions of the developing riftogenesis, in transitional from continental to oceanic environments, with the formation of sediments of the "Red Sea" type is proposed.


The phase-field methods were developed mainly for studying solidification of pure materials, being then extended to the solidification of alloys. In spite of phase-field models being suitable for simulating solidification processes, they suffer from low computational efficiency. In this study, we present a numerical technique for the improvement of computational efficiency for computation of microstructural evolution for both pure metal and binary alloy during solidification process. The goal of this technique is for the computational domain to grow around the microstructure and fixed the grid spacing, while solidification advances into the liquid region. In the numerical simulations of pure metal, the phase-field model is based on the energy and phase equations, while, for binary alloy, the said model is based on the concentration and phase equations. Since the thermal diffusivity in the energy equation is much larger than the diffusivity term in phase equation in pure metal system, about twenty eight times the difference between them. The computational domain growth around the microstructure is controlled according with the thermal diffusivity for pure material in the liquid region. In the numerical simulation of dendritic evolution of Fe-C alloy, the idea is similar, i.e., the solute diffusivity in concentration equation is larger than the diffusivity term in phase equation in the liquid region, in this case eleven times the difference in Fe-C alloy system. The computational domain growth is controlled via solute diffusivity in the liquid region. Hence, phase-field model is proposed with an adaptive computational domain for efficient computational simulation of the dendritic growth in a system for both pure metal and binary alloy. The technique enables us to reduce by about an order of magnitude the run time for simulation of the solidification process. The results showed that the microstructure with well-developed secondary arms can be obtained with low computation time.