At present,there exists the problem of loss in face of benefits among some of the party organisations and party members due to the negative effects of the market economy.To strengthen party conduct building in higher education,the focus should be laid on setting up correct views of material benefits because the views of material benefits are the basic mesurement of value to judge whether the conducts of the party organization and party leaders are in accordance with the party's quality and purpose in terms of ideas,politics,work,life,etc.Practically,incorrect views of material benefits are the main form and deep idea origin of the departure from the party's quality and purpose in some party leaders' ideas,politics,work and life in higher education.So it has become the basic requirement for the party leaders to set up correct views of material benefits in order to ensure the paryt's quality and purpose in higher education.


We present RLLTE: a long-term evolution, extremely modular, and open-source framework for reinforcement learning (RL) research and application. Beyond delivering top-notch algorithm implementations, RLLTE also serves as a toolkit for developing algorithms. More specifically, RLLTE decouples the RL algorithms completely from the exploitation-exploration perspective, providing a large number of components to accelerate algorithm development and evolution. In particular, RLLTE is the first RL framework to build a complete and luxuriant ecosystem, which includes model training, evaluation, deployment, benchmark hub, and large language model (LLM)-empowered copilot. RLLTE is expected to set standards for RL engineering practice and be highly stimulative for industry and academia.


Recent studies show that 14-30% of newborn infants with prolonged hospitalizations in intensive care nurseries (ICNs) develop infections with cytomegalovirus (CMV). These infections can be associated with fever, hepatitis and pneumonia. Maternal-infant transmission at the time of birth, and acquisition of CMV through blood products appear to be the major routes of viral transmission. Although most cases of CMV infections occur sporadically in ICNs, our surveillance program has identified several clusters of 2 to 4 infants excreting CMV at the same time in one ICN. These multiple groups of infants with temporally related nosocomial CMV infections suggest that infant-infant transmission of CMV may occur. Using restriction endonuclease analyses, I have compared the DNA fragment migration patterns of the CMV isolates of infants with epidemiologically related infections. In addition, the viruses of a nosocomially infected baby and his mother who developed a primary CMV infection after the discharge home of her infant were compared. At present the analyses indicate that no 2 infants excreting CMV were infected with the same strain virus. However, the DNA digestion pattern of the mother's isolate is identical to her infant's CMV strain. These findings suggest that although nosocomially infected infants are capable of transmitting CMV to other individuals that the risk of infant-infant CMV transmission in ICNs is low with routine methods of handwashing and isolation.


This book constitutes the thoroughly refereed post-conference proceedings of the Third International ICST Conference on Mobile Networks and Managements (MONAMI 2011) held in Aveiro, Portugal, in September 2011. The 30 revised full papers were carefully selected from numerous submissions and are organized thematically in 5 parts. These are mobile and wireless networks, self organized and mesh networks, new approaches for network visualization, network services, and security


The invention relates to thin film deposition equipment which comprises a substrate preprocessing part and a thin film deposition part, wherein a substrate hanging rack with substrates is transferred among a substrate loading chamber, a surface processing chamber and a drying chamber in the substrate preprocessing part by a transfer device; a high vacuum gate valve is arranged between a preheating chamber and a transfer chamber in the thin film deposition part; the drying chamber is communicated with the preheating chamber; a high vacuum gate valve is arranged between the drying chamber and the preheating chamber; the preheating chamber is internally provided with a substrate hanging rack; the drying chamber is internally provided with a manipulator for hanging the substrates to the substrate hanging rack in the preheating chamber; the transfer chamber is internally provided with a three-dimensional rotary manipulator for sending the substrates into a thin film deposition chamber; and the preheating chamber is further connected with a nitrogen charging device and an evacuating device. The equipment can avoid performance degradation arising from external contamination, and improves the stability and repeatability of the process.


This thesis explores the role of path integration on the firing of hippocampal place cells and medial entorhinal grid cells. Grid cells fire at equidistant locations in an environment, indicating that they keep track of the distance and direction an animal has moved in an environment. One class of model of path integration uses a continuous attractor network to update position information. The first part of this thesis showed that such a network can generate a "look-ahead" of neural activity that sweeps through the positions just visited and about to be visited, on the short time scale that is observed in vivo. Adding intrinsic currents to the neurons in the network model allowed this look-ahead to recur every theta cycle, and generate grid fields of a size comparable to data. Grid cells are a major input the hippocampus, and are hypothesized to be the source of the place specificity of place cells. When an animal explores an open environment, place cells are active in a particular location regardless of the direction in which the animal travels through it. While performing a specific task, such as visiting specific locations in the environment in sequence, however, most place cells are active only in one direction. The second part of this thesis studied the development of this directionality. It was determined that upon the initial appearance of place fields in a novel environment, place cells fired in all directions, supporting the hypothesis that the path integration is the primary determinant of place specificity. The directionality of place fields developed


This paper investigates the importance of productivity catch-up, as an indicator of technology spillovers, to productivity growth. We find evidence that productivity catch-up is statistically and quantitatively important. Establishments in industries where high productivity firms have pushed out the technological frontier grow faster, indicating that leading firms generate positive externalities to non-frontier establishments. We find that both domestic and foreign-owned establishments play a leadership role. We quantify the contribution of affiliates of US multinationals to UK productivity growth by advancing the frontier. We also demonstrate that our empirical approach can encompass productivity dispersion in addition to technological catch-up between lagging and leading establishments. Acknowledgements: This work was funded by the Gatsby Charitable Foundation, the ESRC Centre for Microeconomic Analysis of Public Policy at the Institute for Fiscal Studies and the ESRC/EPSRC AIM initiative. The paper has been produced under contract to the ONS. We are grateful to conference and seminar participants at CEPR, the Institute for Fiscal Studies, the Royal Economic Society Conference, and the University of Nottingham for helpful comments. This work contains statistical data from ONS which is Crown Copyright and reproduced with the permission of the controller of HMSO and Queen's Printer for Scotland. The use of the ONS statistical data in this work does not imply the endorsement of the ONS in relation to the interpretation or analysis of the statistical data. Responsibility for any results, opinions, and errors lies with the authors alone. JEL Classification: F23, O33, O47


Cloud computing has enormous potential for harnessing the complex technologies associated with hydrologic simulation, and the use of models for education, understanding, and decision-making. There are a set of underlying cyber-infrastructure tools that are necessary in order to utilize this potential and scientists and engineers are engaged in adapting existing technologies and developing new ones to that end. Robust Geographic Information System (GIS) functionality needs to be at the core of any webbased hydrologic application. The advancement in computer technology such as cloud computing is one of the factors that have contributed to the increasing number of developed GIS software systems. In this paper, we review the current state of the art in GIS workflow systems that are compatible with scripting and cloud computing and water resources modeling applications. Our review includes both proprietary and free and open source software. The review is primarily focused on three essential elements: standardized spatial database, scriptable geoprocessing library, and web-based visualization. In addition we have defined attributes for each element that are necessary to cloud computing functionality. We conclude with our recommendations to the water resources community.


Flying capacitor photovoltaic (PV) inverters have been widely discussed in the literature. However, the relevant leakage current issues have not received much attention. In this paper, the modulation techniques for a transformerless three-phase flying capacitor PV inverter are investigated for the leakage current suppression. First, the theoretical analysis of the system common mode model and leakage current is presented. Second, three kinds of conventional carrier-based modulation techniques are evaluated, and results indicate that they fail to effectively suppress the leakage current. Third, a new carrier modulation and logic function is presented. It is able to maintain the constant common mode voltage, and consequently, the leakage current can be significantly reduced. Finally, the experimental tests are conducted on a transformerless three-phase flying capacitor PV inverter to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.


We demonstrate that minority mechanisms arise in the dynamics of markets because of price impact; accordingly the relative importance of minority and delayed majority mechanisms depends on the frequency of trading. We then use mixed Majority/Minority Games to illustrate that a vanishing price return autocorrelation function does not necessarily imply market efficiency. On the contrary, we stress that crucial differences might be present between correlations measured conditionally and unconditionally on external patterns in such models.


The Diffuse X-Ray Spectrometer (DXS) experiment is scheduled to be flown as an attached Shuttle payload in December 1992. As of July 1992, it has completed pre-flight testing at Goddard Space Flight Center and being prepared for shipment to Kennedy Space Center for launch. DXS is designed to measure the spectrum of the low energy (0. 15 — 0.28 keY) diffuse x-ray background with — 10 eV energy resolution and 15° spatial resolution. During its 5-day Shuttle mission, DXS is to measure the spectrum of ten 15° x 15° regions lying along a single 150°-long great circle arc on the sky. DXS has two large area Bragg x-ray spectrometers to cover the wavelength range 44 —84 A using lead stearate Bragg crystals. The spectrometers are of a novel design and have a very large area—solid-angle product, so as to permit measurement of the wavelength spectrum of the cosmic low-energy diffuse x-ray background with good spectral resolution. The bulk of these x-rays are almost certainly from a very hot (T 106 K) component of the interstellar medium that occupies a large fraction of the interstellar volume near the Sun. Astrophysical plasmas near 1O K are rich in emission lines, and the relative strengths of these lines, besides providing information about the physical conditions of the emitting gas, also provide information about its composition, history and heating mechanisms. Each DXS detector consists of a curved panel of Bragg crystals mounted above a position-sensitive proportional counter. The spectrum is dispersed across the counter and all portions of the spectrum are measured at the same time. This eliminates the serious problem in conventional Bragg spectrometers of false spectral features being introduced by time-varying background. On the other hand, while all wavelengths are measured at the same time, the various wavelengths come from different directions in the sky. The spectrometers are therefore rocked back and forth about an axis perpendicular to the dispersed direction to obtain complete spectral coverage along an arc of the sky. This paper describes the DXS instrument concept and design and presents calculations of the anticipated data. It also provides a brief description of the DXS Shuttle payload and its operations


Multichannel modulation (MCM) is proposed as a technique to combat the effects of multipath fading. The multichannel transmit signal is the sum of several independent subsignals or subchannels. Each subchannel carries a low bit rate, hence helping to solve the problem of intersymbol interference (ISI). Because of the time-varying nature of radio channels, bits cannot be assigned using the water-pouring approach of information theory. For radio transmission, an equal number of bits is allocated to each subchannel. This results in unequal subchannel error probabilities. An error control coding can be applied to improve error performance. By using a longer blocklength MCM, the SNR across each block can be improved enough on all subchannels to give a desirable performance. A study on the alternative of MCM transmission for radio channels, given a statistical characterization of the fading, is presented.


Conclusion Performance Results — Explore different computational intensities by increasing, decreasing the order in space of the finite difference kernel and considering the 2D case. — Implement the auto tuning engine and test it with a variety of scientific applications, and different generations of GPUs. References Acknowledgments [1] OpenACC standard www.openacc-standard.org/ [2] Saber Feki, Edgar Gabriel. A Historic Knowledge Based Approach for Dynamic Optimization , in proceedings of the International Conference on Parallel Computing, 2009, P. 389 396 [3] Yunsong Huang, Gerard T. Schuster. Multisource least-squares migration of marine streamer and land data with frequency-division encoding, Geophysical Prospecting, 2012, Vol. 60, P. 663–680 — Michael Young (KAUST IT) for system support — Tareq Males (KAUST CEMSE) for providing sequential C code — NVIDIA for donating the hardware As an initial study of the projected work on auto-tuning, we started by hand tuning the RTM modeling kernel by instrumenting the code as illustrated in the suggested auto-tuning methodology. The goal of this experiment is to prove that by tuning OpenACC kernel, we could achieve reasonable performance improvement versus the default version generated by the compiler. The ultimate goal is to automatize this hand tuning procedure so that the end user do not need to go through this tedious exercise to extract the best possible performance using OpenACC. As shown in Figure x, the tuning procedure that we suggest, when applied manually to different 3D domain sizes, lead to a significant performance improvement (up to 30%) against the default settings of the compiler. The compiler based gang vector approach using only the #pragma acc loop independent without any gang vector specification as illustrated in figure x is actually equivalent to the one on figure x with spme defaults values in gang and vector. The compiler will add the gang/vector at compile time. As shown in Figure x, the tuning procedure that we suggest lead to a significant performance improvement against the default settings of the compiler when applied manually to different 3D domain sizes. For two domain sizes,128x128x128 and 640x128x128, we achieved near 30% performance improvement using the tuned parameters listed in Figure x+1. The compiler selected block size stays consistent (64x4) across all problem sizes, while grid size vary across the different domain sizes. In our hand tuning, we used different configuration of gang and vector clauses in the three nested loops to further optimize the performance of the application. This code instrumentation resulted in new grid and block sizes and to 3D blocks of threads in some cases. For some problem size, tuning only the gang values resulted in significant performance gain while in other cases both gang vectors were tuned independently in each loop until we noted a performance gain. In our experiment two domain size (128x128x128, & 640x128x128) we achieved near 30% performance improvement using the tuned parameters listed in the table. 3D Domain Size Grid/block sizes chosen by compiler Tuned grid/block sizes 128x128x128 grid: [2x30] block: [64x4] grid: [30x120] block: [64x4] 256x256x256 grid: [4x62] block: [64x4] grid: [248x6] block: [64x6] 512x512x512 grid: [8x126] block: [64x4] grid[504x63] block: [32x8] 640x640x640 grid: [10x158] block: [64x4] grid: [10x316] block: [64x4x2] 128x128x640 grid: [10x30] block: [64x4] grid: [10x64] block: [64x4] 128x640x128 grid: [2x158] block: [64x4] grid: [4x256] block: [64x4] 640x128x128 grid: [2x30] block: [64x4] grid: [2x316] block: [64x4x2] 640x640x128 grid: [2x158] block: [64x4] grid: [2x316] block: [64x4x2] 640x128x640 grid: [10x30] block: [64x4] grid: [10x316] block: [64x4x2] 128x640x640 grid: [10x158] block: [64x4] grid: [10x256] block: [128x4] 30.03%


. This paper discusses the application of a modular collaborative robot designed to aid in the fight against COVID-19 in increasing safety for essential workers and students. We identify three main phases of a pandemic in onset, quarantine, and reopening which affect the demands and requirements placed on robots. The international team proposed a series of robotic modules that were deployed in hospitals, quarantine facilities


This is a story about intuition and its relation to logic.

A mother came to see me recently with her nine-year-old son, who wets his bed. She wanted me to write a letter to the council to support the family's application for a bigger flat. The boy apparently has two elder brothers who share his bedroom. They are fed up with the smell of his urine and want another bedroom.

When she made this request, I tensed up. I felt caught in a double bind. If I said no, I would probably lose any chance of helping the boy with his enuresis. If I said yes, I would effectively be offering an incentive for his behaviour.

Like most doctors when faced with this kind of dilemma, I found a solution intuitively. But afterwards I analysed what I had done and realized that it conformed rather well with formal logic and communication theory. This was a relief, as I was in the middle of preparing a seminar on this topic for a group of clinicians, and beginning to have my doubts about whether it fitted real life. I will tell you about my solution later, but …


With the rapid development of the Internet, the new and advanced teaching mode is becoming increasingly popular, which has become a focus in the field of education in recent years. Therefore, the research and development of online teaching platforms have become a hot topic. This article takes international news communication as the research background, aiming at the unclear existing level and weak target. The teaching mode of the single teaching form puts forward the "embedded online intelligent teaching platform." A set of online innovative teaching platforms for large embedded systems is studied and established. The improved clustering analysis uses the GBKM clustering analysis algorithm to integrate grid clustering and K-means clustering and introduces the new meshing algorithm and the new function to calculate the density threshold. Through theoretical analysis and experimental verification, the superiority of the GBKM algorithm is demonstrated. As the GBKM clustering analysis algorithm is the core algorithm of a personalized smart learning system, it is applied to an online intelligent teaching platform. The experimental results show that the teaching effect of the optimized teaching mode is significantly improved.


Low carbon deep drawing steel DC 01 according to EN 10130-91 was nitrooxidized in dissociated ammonia at 580°C/45 min and consequently oxidised at 380°C/5 min in vapour of distilled water. Material after nitrooxidation had 54 % increase of yield point, 34 % increase of strength and 10-times increased resistance to atmospheric corrosion in comparison to the material before nitrooxidation. The microstructure of treated material consisted of thin ε-phase layer connected to layer containing precipitated massive needle shaped Fe4N γ' nitrides. This layer passed to a diffusion layer consisting of fine irregular shaped Fe16N2 α'' nitrides regularly dispersed in ferritic matrix. Fatigue properties were examined under bending load with frequency of 20 kHz and sinusoidal symmetric cycle. The results confirmed positive influence of nitrooxidation on fatigue properties as fatigue limit of treated material was double in comparison to untreated material. Keywords—steel sheet, fatigue, nitrooxidation, S-N diagram


A phase separation model for stripes has found good agreement with photoemission experiments and with other studies which suggest a termination of the striped phase in the slightly overdoped regime. Here the model is extended in a number of respects. In particular, a discussion of the nature of the charged stripes is presented, suggesting how density waves, superconductivity, and strong correlations can compete with the quantum size effects inherent in narrow stripes. The anomalous doping dependence of the chemical potential is explained.


Topics covered: 1. Landscape dynamics concepts – stability, persistence, resistance, resilience and recovery 2. Landscape equilibrium concepts – absolute constancy, shifting mosaic-steady state, stationary processes, bounded equilibrium 3. Nonequilibrium landscapes – role of legacies, landscape uniqueness, importance of scale 4. Disturbance and landscape equilibrium – scaling of disturbance regimes 5. Anthropogenic influences on landscape dynamics 6. Management implications


director of the Propaganda Administration of the Soviet Military Administration in Germany. Otto Nuschke, who understood that if the CDU was to survive it would need to be more accommodating to the Soviet authorities, replaced Kasier. With the removal of Kaiser as the primary voice of opposition to the communists, Protestant bishop Otto Dibelius and Catholic bishop Konrad von Preysing stepped up their criticism of communist policy. Dibelius and von Preysing had always been staunch anticommunists but had tried not to antagonize the Soviets because they knew that they needed to come to various agreements with the Soviet authorities on the role of the churches in education, religious youth and women's work, and charitable activities. Brennan addresses each of these issues in separate chapters and concludes that while the Soviets were willing at first to make some compromises with the churches, their ultimate goal remained ridding East Germany of religious institutions and organizations.


Love to God and religion, in one side, has succeed to produce happiness and internal calmness on mankind. Nevertheless, in other side, the love that has been mobilized consciously or not has become the source of an amount of crime, poverty and backwardness of mankind. As the consequence, credibility of religion and faith to God begins to be questioned. Among the religion critics, secularization are included as the most hated by the religionists. The purpose of secularization that want to place God proportionally in human life and make human as God's co-Creator or "friend" to create their world has been interpreted differently. Secularization is regarded has been trying to withdraw part of God's power in human life.


Building on the jet-image based representation of high energy jets, we develop computer vision based techniques for jet tagging through the use of deep neural networks. Jet-images enabled the connection between jet substructure and tagging with the fields of computer vision and image processing. We show how applying such techniques using deep neural networks can improve the performance to identify highly boosted W bosons with respect to state-of-the-art substructure methods. In addition, we explore new ways to extract and visualize the discriminating features of different classes of jets, adding a new capability to understand the physics within jets and to design more powerful jet tagging methods.


In the solid breeder blanket of fusion reactor, bred tritium is planned to be extracted from the blanket as HT by passing of H2-added sweep gas in general. In that case, tritium leakage by permeation to coolant can not be ignored. So, the application of H2O-added sweep gas is discussed, with which tritium leakage to coolant can be much reduced. As the result of discussion, H2O-added sweep gas is probable method of tritium recovery. For the further detailed discussion, it is important to enrich the data correlated to the interaction of H2, H2O, breeder, multiplier and structures.


Our research aims at overviewing the present and the past of kurgans, which are our national values, furthemore it also aims at throwing light on their future under the new agricultural system of the EU in connection with cross-compliance. We will present both the historical background of the formation of Cumanian mounds, and their relationship with human society in the past centuries. They were of administrative, religious and burial importance in the early centuries. From botanical aspect they are valuable as landscape elements at present because of the specific way they were formed. Unfortunately, the different agricultural activities resulted in their continuous deterioration and their number also decreased over the past centuries. There were remarkable changes in agricultural regulation concerning Cumanian mounds in the EU – and in Hungary too – in 2010. They were declared protected landscape elements therefore they became part of cross-compliance. In our research we will check the results of the new regulation in relation to the changes in the state of Cumanian mounds in Bekes County. Although our research has been carried out for a short time, the positive effects of the new regulation can be seen from nature conservation point of view.


Introduction Oil spill cleanup personnel could be exposed to benzene during cleanup of accidental spill of crude oil at sea. S-Phenyl Mercapturic Acid (SPMA) is reported to be a sensitive urinary marker of exposure to low levels of benzene, but there is a lack of information on biological uptake of benzene during cleanup of oil spills. The aim of this study was to investigate the exposure to benzene during an oil spill by measuring the concentration of SPMA in urine for subjects participating in an oil spill field trial at sea. Methods The study included 22 subjects taking part in an oil spill field trial in the North Sea with two types of fresh crude oil. The subjects were located in open air sampling boats close to the oil slick ( Results SPMA was not detected in the urine samples of subjects wearing protective masks and in the control group. Among the six subjects who reported not to wear protective masks during the spill the concentration of SPMA in urine ranged 0.5–3.3 µmol/mol. They were all located in the boat closest to the oil spill. Discussion We have previously reported that mean personal exposure to benzene in air was 0.43 ppm for the personnel in the boat closest to the oil spill. The present study suggests that work with fresh oil spilled at sea might cause biological uptake of benzene. Appropriate personal respiratory protection should be used to prevent such uptake.


Motivation refers to the drive and effort to satisfy a want or goal. The motivation process begins with needs or a deficiency. These needs vary in intensity and over time among different individuals. In response to this need, the worker searches for ways to satisfy it. From the manager's viewpoint, the objective is to motivate people to behave in ways that are in the organisations best interest. Thus, motivation is important because of its significance as a determinant of performance and because of its intangible character. If the managers know about factors that create motivation, they can induce employees to work harder, faster, more efficiently and with greater enthusiasm by tailoring job assignments as per needs of the employees.


In order to eliminate the effect of linear distortion on the characteristics of fluorescent LED based communication system,an experimental system based on fluorescent LED is established,a network analyzer is then used to analyze amplitude-frequency response curve of the system,and the linear distortion performance is analyzed.Based on the attenuation characteristics of the amplitude-frequency response,the first-,second-and third-order high-pass filters are designed as linear distortion compensation circuits,and the amplitude-frequency response curve of the system with distortion compensation is further measured with the network analyzer.Experimental results indicate that by using the third-order post-equalization circuit,the linear distortion of the system is obviously improved,and the decrease of the gain is improved from 50 dB within the range of 0.3-6MHz before compensation to 20 dB within the range of 0.3-45 MHz with 3rd order compensation.To ensure relatively flat gain characteristics of the communication system and obtain a small gain variation of less than 10 dB,the bandwidth is enlarged from 1.8MHz before compensation to 41MHz(the range is 3-44MHz)with 3rd order compensation,indicating an increase factor of 23,and within this frequency range,a larger gain of-30 dB is also achieved.Therefore,by compensating the linear distortion of the communication system,its bandwidth can be effectively enlarged.The proposed experimental and analytical results in this paper can provide data basis for system parameter optimization and further improvement in communication performance.


Suspension grown cells of Datura innoxia and Scopolia carniolica were tested for their glucosylation capacity and some factors affecting the efficiency of the reaction were studied. Cells at the end of the exponential growth phase showed a high glucosylation capacity. Light conditions had little effect on the bioconversion reaction. For the substrates hydroquinone and p-hydroxybenzoic acid the bioconversions were concentration-dependent. Permeabilization with propanol diminished the bioconversion capacity. Depending on the substrate used, relatively large amounts of substrate and product could not be recovered. Tannic acid could partly prevent decomposition of the compounds. The bioconversion capacity of cultures with a low glucosylation capacity could be enhanced by addition of uridine diphosphate-glucose, indicating that the sugar donor is a critical factor. From six substrates the natural compounds hydroquinone, p-hydroxybenzoic acid and vanillin were glucosylated. No glucosides were detected from tyramin and two synthetic aminotetralines. Abbreviations: 5HAT - 5-hydroxyaminotetralin, NO437 - 2-(N-propyl-N-2-thienylamino)-5hydroxytetraline, pHBA- p-hydroxybenzoic acid, UDP-glucose- uridine diphosphate-glucose


Acquire basic skills to assist with the installation and repair of plumbing systems in residential and small buildings. Sketching diagrams, interpreting blueprints, plumbing assembly, state codes.


The effective Taylor diffusion coefficient D* decreases more rapidly with increasing Hartmann number, M, in a short‐circuited channel flow as compared with an open‐circuited case. In the generator, D* is almost negligible for M>20. In an accelerator, an increase in Vg* leads to an increase in D*.


The survival of an organisation today depends directly on its capacity to be efficient and competitive. Growing transformations in the world economy impose new variables on the productive process. Environmental management is one of these variants, which brings in itself a series of opportunities and risks. An environmental management system (EMS) allows an organisation to permanently control the effects of the productive process on the environment. In Brazil, the adoption of this new approach still finds certain resistance by companies, which have seen it more as an additional cost than an improvement opportunity. This study aims to identify the environmental actions of some Brazilian companies, seeking to obtain important information about the process and the operations accomplished in the adoption of EMS by companies which seek to improve the quality of life for the population.


A magnetorheological elastomer (MRE) is one of smart materials which can control the stiffness according to the magnetic field strength. Various types of MRE-based isolators have been studied. However, there was a limit to performance validation owing to the material and structural limitations. In this study, an optimal mixing ratio of the MRE was considered, and a novel electromagnetic system was proposed. A multi-layered electromagnetic system was proposed to constantly maintain a closed magnetic circuit by acting on the deformation of the MRE. As a result, numerical and experimental comparisons were performed with the conventional MRE-based isolator, and its superiority was validated. Moreover, the dynamic characteristics of the proposed MRE-based isolator under a vertical load were investigated. The results show that the proposed MRE-based isolator outperforms the conventional MRE-based isolator in improving the magnetorheological (MR) effects and the dynamic characteristics of the proposed MRE-based isolator under the vertical load were identified.


The present invention is (+) - 1- (3,4-dichlorophenyl) -3-azabicyclo [3.1.0] crystal polymorphism A-type hexanoic acid addition salt, a B-type and C-type, A type are thermodynamically stable than other types, provides crystal polymorphism and, the method and the method used for preparing such multi-type, and a pharmaceutical composition comprising such polymorphism.


We derive a novel method for constructing effective field theories. Physically, the method is very close to the intuition behind effective field theories: One can integrate out the heavier scale directly from the path integral. We give a detailed recipe for the effective field theory construction, which is nearly identical to the construction of the so-called 1PI effective action. We also demonstrate the equivalence of the novel method to the commonly used procedure of matching Green's functions.


A new 17.5-km light rail line, extending between Utrecht and Nieuwegein in the Netherlands, will be worked with 27 Swiss-built articulated cars. While full operation will not take place until 1984, the Sneltram cars are being delivered. The welded lightweight steel carbodies are mounted on trucks of the Canadian CLRV design. Four swing-plug doors are installed along the sides of each articulated set. Electrical power conditioning involves core transistor logic supplying a pair of traction motors, one installed on each of the outboard trucks. The center truck under the articulated connection is unpowered. The car seats 80 with space for 160 standees.


An experimental investigation into the drying of pre-hydrated and extruded GCL is
presented in this paper. Moisture desorption isotherm at temperature from 20 to 40°C and water
activity from 0.20 to 0.70 were determined using the static gravimetric method. The moisture
isotherms were sigmoid shaped and were influenced by the thermal environment. The Guggenheim-
Aderson-DeBoer (GAB) was used to fit experimental values using a non-linear regression analysis.
GAB model was appropriate to predict the desorption equilibrium moisture content of pre-hydrated
and extruded GCL for the range of temperatures and water activities studied. Finally, an expression
for predicting the thermal property was developed.


Today's threats to networks use various techniques that attempt to penetrate protective barriers. This taxes current intrusion detection systems to stay up with these attacks. Training a neural network intrusion detection system is important to detecting dynamic threats facing a network. However, keeping them trained in such a dynamic threat environment can prove challenging. Therefore, finding a fast method of training an IDS is important. This paper shows how the use of a fuzzy logic inference system can improve the training time for neural network intrusion detection systems. Using a combination of both fuzzy inference system and neural network techniques proved successful in reducing the convergence time of intrusion detection systems.


Children with intellectual disability were given a comprehensive range of executive functioning measures, which systematically varied in terms of verbal and non-verbal demands. Their performance was compared to the performance of groups matched on mental age and chronological age respectively.


A number of recent multipole analyses from Mainz, RPI, BNL and Virginia Tech (VPI) have focused on the first resonance region. One goal common to these studies was an improved set of Delta(1232) photo-decay amplitudes. There has been considerable debate over the differing results found for A(1/2), A(3/2) and the E2/M1 ratio. We show that a much more consistent set of values is possible if differences in the database are considered.


In Japan, a narrow country that extends a great distance north and south, Hokkaido is located in the northernmost and coldest region. The average temperature of the area for January is below zero degrees. With a climate characterized by heavy snowfall and cold, except for a few areas along the Pacific coastline, the area faces the harshest winter conditions in Japan with respect to road management and maintenance. This paper describes how the Hokkaido Development Bureau stresses that it makes sense to reorganize Hokkaido into three zones where each of the zones is responsible for its own road surface management.


With the acceleration of urbanization process, the difficulty of building firefighting has greatly increased due to the complex structure and huge space in the building. When the fire occurs, both the fire position and the development trend of the disaster have a strong randomness, it is very important to quickly determine the position of the fire and accurately and effectively evacuate the people in the building. The three-dimensional visual intelligent fire evacuation system is proposed based on BIM technology, which can realize the management of building information and equipment information, in addition to the Internet of things technology, real-time upgrade of information can be achieved, so that the fire environment can be quickly and efficiently understood, which can greatly improve rescue efficiency of firefighting, and VR and virtual game technology are integrated, realtime feedback is conducted when users play games, and system updates. This system provides more information services to users through the storage of building information.


This article highlights key findings emerging from a two-year project focusing on the contemporary nature of diaconal ministry in the Methodist Church in Britain, drawing on the practices and perspectives of deacons in this denomination. Within this research, 'building bridges' and 'forming connections' emerged as central aims within deacons' accounts of their own ministry, both within and between churches and wider communities. Understanding the processes by which these aims were achieved was an essential part of understanding this ministry. In exploring how deacons seek to form connections and build bridges, key themes of 'presence', 'service', 'discernment' and 'witness' are explored. However, deacons did not just seek to make these connections themselves; they also sought to enable, encourage & equip others to be involved in diaconal ministry. Through exploring these deacons' understandings within their own narratives, the article demonstrates the potential for the wider Church to learn from the way ministry and mission are interconnected in their practice.


The profession contemporary accounting roles the work experiences of practitioners accountancy, legitimation and ideology financial accounting management accounting auditing management consultancy summary and conclusions.


This study is an investigation of the factors affecting the average returns of stocks that traded on the Athens Stock Exchange for the period July 2004 - June 2011. These factors relate to fundamental economic variables, such as book to market ratio. Also, we examine the influence of the coefficient β. The methodological approach is similar to that applied by Fama and French (1992), where in the first stage, stocks are grouped into portfolios with predefined criteria and subsequently carried out monthly cross sectional regressions. The main result of this study is that average stock returns in the ASE is not associated with the coefficient b (market risk) and not found a strong relationship with another risk factor for the market value of the stocks or book to market ratio.


In recent years, an inflation targeting framework for monetary policy has been adopted in a number of industrial countries. This paper discusses the practical issues that have arisen under the operation of the new framework, and highlights five features of the framework: the assignment of the target, the interaction with other policy goals, the definition of the target, accountability and the role of inflation forecasts. The economic performance of the inflation targeting countries thus far is summarized.


Abstract Niello, a lustrous blue-black material, consists of one or more metallic sulfides (silver, copper, and lead). It is used to decorate silver, bronze, and gold objects. The history of the use of niello is reviewed, as well as the properties of the various types.


To the Editor: The skeletal muscle a-actin gene (ACTA1) shows mutations in about 25–30% of cases of nemaline myopathy (NEM), a rare neuromuscular disorder characterized by rod-like structures, or 'nemaline bodies', detectable on light microscopy with Gomori trichrome staining (1–3). Mutations in other genes can cause NEM, namely the genes encoding thin filament proteins nebulin, slow a-tropomyosin, b-tropomyosin and slow troponin T (4). ACTA1 mutations in NEM patients are usually heterozygous, either inherited by an affected parent or more commonly of de novo origin (2). We have collected 18 Italian families with patients affected by NEM. In our series, we observed the occurrence of monozygotic (MZ) twinning twice. Both female twins of the first couple have shown a typical congenital form of NEM and zygosity has been tested by microsatellite typing (5). Subsequently, a second couple of female twins came to our attention: they were reported to be monochorionic and presented severe hypotonia at birth, insufficient respiration and poor suck. One died at 6 months of age with pneumonia. The second one is alive at 5 years of age, achieved independent walking at 30 months, has severe scoliosis and needs continuous mechanically supported ventilation. There are no estimates of the prevalence of NEM in Italy, and the disease is likely to be underdiagnosed, especially in its most severe lethal form; nevertheless, a prevalence of two MZ twin births of 18 pregnancies involving NEM patients seems hardly due to chance alone. We expect that about one in 330 spontaneous livebirths is an MZ birth, where MZ twinning should represent about one-third of all spontaneous twins (6). Therefore, let we test the null hypothesis that our NEM sample of r 1⁄4 2 twin pregnancies over n 1⁄4 18 comes from a population where the twinning rate is p0 1⁄4 1/330. The standardized normal deviate u 1⁄4 ðjr n 0j 1=2Þ= ffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffi n 0ð1 0Þ p is 6.20 (p 1⁄4 2.8 10 10 ). It is worth of note that in the nemaline myopathy consortium clinical database, which roughly contains 300 entries, three twin pairs (all MZ) are present (WallgrenPettersson, personal communication). We also know of at least two couples of MZ twins in UK and Australia that we could not screen for ACTA1 mutations. Finally, prevalence of MZ twins could easily be underestimated due to frequent miscarriage (6). Even more so, this holds true in a cohort of twins affected by neuromuscular disorders, which themselves may be a cause of early fetal loss (7). Both twin pairs that we analysed turned out to carry de novo mutations in the ACTA1 gene; i.e. of six patients with de novo ACTA1 mutations, two had an MZ twin. Both mutations Q41R (5) and G74D (due to a transition at nucleotide 2012 of ACTA1 gene) occur at highly conserved residues; Q41R has been also reported in a family with autosomal dominant transmission of NEM (2), while G74D has not been described previously. There is at least another genetic condition where an excess of MZ twins has been reported – Opitz BBB/G syndrome (OMIM 300000). This syndrome is characterized by midline abnormalities (such as hypertelorism, laryngotracheoesophageal cleft, hypospadias in males and agenesis of the corpus callosum). MID1 gene, mutated in Opitz BBB/G syndrome, codes for a protein (midin) which is associated with microtubules throughout the cell cycle, colocalizing with mitotic spindle and midbodies during mitosis and cytokinesis (8). Mutations found in patients compromise association with microtubules (8). To our knowledge, there are no data on ACTA1 expression in the early days of human embryonic development, but it may now be speculated that the presence of an ACTA1 mutation could result in altered cytoskeletal dynamics. Events and conditions that enhance the probability of MZ twinning are largely unknown. Our findings hint at a role of single-gene mutations in Clin Genet 2005: 68: 91–92 Copyright # Blackwell Munksgaard 2005 Printed in Singapore. All rights reserved CLINICAL GENETICS doi: 10.1111/j.1399-0004.2005.00442.x


Death has always been a central human concern. Death is transformative; for those left, therefore, the experience of grief and loss opens another world. The meaning of grief is not simply the "Loss of …" but the "Intense sorrow caused by the loss of a loved one (especially by death)". Grief is the price we pay for love. The deeper the love, the greater the depth of the grief that follows the loss. Grief is a shape of emotional pain; however, human beings no longer constantly trip these levels in any unique order, nor do they trip each stage. This paper draws upon the conceptual framework of Kubler-Ross five stages of grief to analyze the following movies "UP", "Baba Dook", "The Kite Runner", "Rabbit Hole", "Summer 1993" and "Three Colors: Blue" content analysis as the method of analysis. Besides, this paper explores the impact of these five stages of grief on different genders through the characters and scenes in the selected movies. This paper is an exploratory and descriptive study grounded in qualitative research design and uses content analysis as the method of analysis of the selected movies. The findings of this study show that death is a transformative phenomenon and grief unlike other emotions is a powerful tool since it raises doubt about how the grieved discovers significance throughout everyday life.


The new 1H-furo[3,2-b]imidazo[4,5-d]pyridine derivatives are selective Jak1 kinase inhibitors useful in treating disorders related to Jak1 activities such as autoimmune diseases or disorders, inflammatory diseases or disorders, and cancer or neoplastic diseases or disorders.


A method for providing a guaranteed quality of service (QoS) in an IP network, comprising the steps of: a. Obtaining the addresses of a source participant and a target participant and the QoS parameters for a service through analyzing a service request, after receiving the service request with a request for a guaranteed QoS from a source participant and sending a Leitwegauswahl- and resource application request to the bearer control layer of the IP network by a service control layer server in the IP network; b. Assigning resources and a plurality of brand-mediated pathways containing route (from the source subscriber to the destination subscriber for the service in a service support logic network corresponding to the addresses of the source subscriber and the destination subscriber and the service type by a carrier network resource manager in the bearer control layer, and generating a multi-level mark stack multi- -level label stack) for the resources and the route, with the multi-level brand stack contains marks for all brand-mediated pathways of the route, informing the service support logic network via the multi-level brand stack; and c. the traffic in the service support logic network forward according to the brands in the multi-level chip denomination by the ...


This paper describes ongoing work to aid examiners in the detection of illegal, improper, or unusual transactions conducted against the Department of Defense (DoD) financial assets. The main goals of this project are to improve the Defense Finance and Accounting Service's (DFAS) ability to detect these payments and to reduce the manpower required to research them. By taking advantage of current data mining tools, DFAS hopes to enhance the precision of their predictions. The challenges of using data mining to address this business problem included establishing a data set of known fraudulent payments, a target population of normal payments, and a method by which to leverage the known cases in the training of detection models. As is typical in fraud detection, the set of known cases was very small relative to the number of non-fraud examples. The authors used a cross-validation approach so that all the known fraud payments could be used in training. Then after generating more than 90 models, eleven models were selected, and their individual decisions were combined via voting to make the final decision. The results improved sensitivity to the known fraud payments significantly while keeping false alarms acceptably low.


A sampling investigation has been taken in the three grade Guangxi province students who are from Guangxi Normal University,Guilin Electronics Industry College and Guilin Industry College. Making statistical analysis,we verify the person's space sense and vision intelligence,language intelligence and logic mathematics intelligence are incompletely related each other. It is also verified that intelligence centers are relatively independent from one side basing true and objective data from Chinese actual circumstance. The result also provides scientific basis for quality education theories.


The objective of this work was to verify the influence of the Macrobrachium amazonicum shrimps food restriction time in transport simulation during the 10 hours period. 600 specimens (0.22 ± 0.08 g) in storage density of 50 shrimps L-1 and two treatments: 12h (T12) and 24h (T24) previous food fasting, with 6 repetitions each. The experimental units were transparent plastic bags with 1 L of water and 2 of oxygen in the ratio of 1: 3 volume with water and 2:3 with oxygen. Water collection from each experimental unit was performed at 0, 5 and 10 hours to measure pH, electric conductivity, dissolved oxygen, temperature and total ammonia. At the end of the experimental period, the live and dead animals were counted. Surviving shrimps were subjected to a post-transport stress test by abruptly changing the water pH from 6.7 to 5.0 for 4 hours. Shrimps survival in transport simulation was similar between T12 (86 ± 2.53%) and T24 (86 ± 4.84%) (p>0.05) and did not differ statistically in post-transport stress (93.22 ± 8.83 and 89.49 ± 7.41%, T12 and T24, respectively). Therefore, to make transport of M. amazonicum for 10 hours the producer can choose the previous fasting 12 or 24 hours.


RATIONALE
Several studies have reported that both short and long sleep durations are associated with the metabolic syndrome, but whether a dose-response relationship exists is unclear.

OBJECTIVES
We performed a metaanalysis to study the magnitude of the association between the different durations of sleep and metabolic syndrome.

METHODS
We searched in the databases of PubMed, Web of Science, and Ovid (all Journals@Ovid) from inception to October 4, 2014 for cross-sectional studies where an association between metabolic syndrome and sleep duration was analyzed.

MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS
Eighteen studies with 75,657 participants were included. Daily sleep duration of 7 to 8 hours was used as the reference group. The odds ratio (OR) of having metabolic syndrome for short (<7 h) sleep was 1.23 (95% CI, 1.11-1.37; P < 0.001; I(2), 71%). The ORs for less than 5 hours, 5 to 6 hours, and 6 to 7 hours of sleep were 1.51 (95% CI, 1.10-2.08; P = 0.01), 1.28 (95% CI, 1.11-1.48; P < 0.001), and 1.16 (95% CI, 1.02-1.31; P = 0.02), respectively. The coefficient of sleep duration on log of ORs was -0.06 ± 0.02 (P = 0.02). The OR for long sleep duration was 1.13 (95% CI, 0.97-1.32; P = 0.10; I(2), 89%).

CONCLUSIONS
A dose-response relationship exists between short sleep duration and metabolic syndrome. Those who report a sleep duration of less than 5 hours have a 1.5 higher odds of having metabolic syndrome. Our study does not support the notion that long sleep is associated with metabolic syndrome.


The paper suggests a system of measures of the state incentives for agroindustrial complex in Kyrgyzstan. The writer presents the idea that the industry has great development prospects and at the same time, at present there is an urgent need in the state economic support to enhance its development.


Fibrinogen binding to integrin αIIbβ3 mediates platelet aggregation and requires agonist-induced "inside-out" signals that increase αIIbβ3 affinity. Agonist regulation of αIIbβ3 also takes place in megakaryocytes, the bone marrow cells from which platelets are derived. To facilitate mechanistic studies of inside-out signaling, we describe here the generation of megakaryocytes in quantity from murine embryonic stem (ES) cells. Coculture of ES cells for 8–12 days with OP9 stromal cells in the presence of thrombopoietin, IL-6, and IL-11 resulted in the development of large, polyploid megakaryocytes that produced proplatelets. These cells expressed αIIbβ3 and platelet glycoprotein Ibα but were devoid of hematopoietic stem cell, erythrocyte, and leukocyte markers. Mature megakaryocytes, but not megakaryocyte progenitors, specifically bound fibrinogen by way of αIIbβ3 in response to platelet agonists. Retrovirus-mediated expression of the reporter gene, green fluorescent protein, in ES cell-derived megakaryocytes did not affect viability or αIIbβ3 function. On the other hand, retroviral expression of CalDAG-GEFI, a Rap1 exchange factor identified by megakaryocyte gene profiling as a candidate integrin regulator, enhanced agonist-induced activation of Rap1b and fibrinogen binding to αIIbβ3 (P < 0.01). These results establish that ES cells are a ready source of mature megakaryocytes for integrin studies and other biological applications, and they implicate CalDAG-GEFI in inside-out signaling to αIIbβ3.


The univariate and bivariate intensity statistics of amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) from continuously excited HeNe and HeXe gas discharges have been measured for the purpose of characterizing the dependence of ASE fluctuations on gain length and degree of homogeneous broadening. Comparison with theoretical results from a model for intensity fluctuations in heavily saturated multimode systems confirms that increasing the homogeneous broadening lowers the number of competing "modes" in the system. Intrinsic to this simple coupled-intensity model are unique combinations of cumulants that are independent of the number of modes and the strength of their coupling. These combinations have been measured, and they are independent of the degree of homogeneous broadening and are constant as the discharge length is increased. The normalized cumulants and cross-correlations for coprapogating and counterpropagating orthogonal, circularly polarized beams in a HeXe homogeneously broadened medium are consistently smaller in magnitude than those for orthogonal, linearly polarized beams. Comparison of results for neon and xenon discharges will distinguish whether this is the result of back-reflections or is a property of the counterpropagating beams quasiresonant with these noble-gas transitions, which differ in their upper- and lowerstate angular momenta.


INTRODUCTION Investigation of the biliary tree and pancreatic duct system has until recently relied upon the techniques of ultrasound and computerised tomography (CT), with endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) being reserved for direct visualisation of ductal anatomy and, if required, therapeutic intervention. However, ERCP has a significant morbidity and mortality of 7% and 1%, respectively. 2 It is highly operator-dependent with failure to cannulate the common bile duct or pancreatic duct in up to 9% of examinations. Ductal cannulation is difficult or impossible in patients with previous surgery, including Billroth Type 2 gastrectomy and hepaticoenterostomy.


This article is entitled "Translation Shift of Google Translate in Translating Sports News on CNN" into Bahasa Indonesia by using Google Translate". The problems of this research are to find out find out kinds of class shift are used by "Google Translate" in translating CNN Sports News and To find out how the kinds of class shift are used in the translation. The research method is descriptive qualitative. The data of this research are collected from the data source, 'I felt my body was still capable': Meet the moms hoping to shine at the Olympics by George Ramsay, CNN in April 7, 2021, Paul Pogba follows Cristiano Ronaldo's lead by removing display drink during a press conference by George Ramsay, CNN in June 17, 2021 and Cristiano Ronaldo makes history at Euro 2020 as Portugal beats Hungary by Ben Church, CNN in June 16, 2021. Translated into bahasa Indonesia by using Google Translate are identified based on Catford's theory in which explain about the type of class shift.


Noise is inherited in many optimization methods such as stochastic gradient methods, zeroth-order methods and compressed gradient methods. For such methods to converge toward a global optimum, it is intuitive to use large step-sizes in the initial iterations when the noise is typically small compared to the algorithm-steps, and reduce the step-sizes as the algorithm progresses. This intuition has been con-firmed in theory and practice for stochastic gradient methods, but similar results are lacking for other methods using approximate gradients. This paper shows that the diminishing step-size strategies can indeed be applied for a broad class of noisy gradient methods. Unlike previous works, our analysis framework shows that such step-size schedules enable these methods to enjoy an optimal $\mathcal{O}(1/k)$ rate. We exemplify our results on zeroth-order methods and stochastic compression methods. Our experiments validate fast convergence of these methods with the step decay schedules.


There are two different methods that enable the control of chaotic behaviour. Ott, Grebogi and Yorke proposed a useful control method (the so-called OGY method) for stabilizing any unstable periodic orbit embedded in a chaotic attractor. They demonstrated that it is possible to stabilize any unstable periodic orbit by small time-dependent perturbation of a system parameter. Another method has been recently proposed by Gumez and Matias (GM). The GM method requires a periodic proportional feedback acting on the system variables at every p ∈ N steps, using a proportional feedback of strength γ ∈ R. In agreement with the above mentioned hypothesis one should therefore assume the following general control scheme formula phys. We theoretically investigated the Gumez and Matias method for controlling the chaotic behaviour. The main result of this study is a consistent mcthod that allows us to determine the strength of the applied proportional feedback. Numerical simulations confirm our theoretical approach.


The value of a biospecimen or biological resources depends on two factors: the intrinsic quality of the sample and the level of accurate data annotation. Recently, the relevance of pre-analytical variables during processing of biomaterials has been comprehended and scientists have become aware of the importance of this finding, launching a new field of research: ''biospecimen science''. 1 Now, it is assumed and often cited at conferences that due to the ignorance of pre-analytical variables in the earlier years of biobanking, a significant number of samples existing today are of inadequate quality and do not meet the needs of the modern molecular era. 2,3 Thus, research results based on biospecimens that have been suboptimally processed might be error-prone or of a sub-optimal quality. This lack of well-annotated process chain history is addressed by the Sample PRE-analytical Code (SPREC), 4‐6 as it allows the recording of pre-analytical variables across the process chain, from withdrawal of biomaterial to the storage of samples. The SPREC is gaining more importance throughout the biobanking community as it allows rapid and easy comparability of the quality of biological samples and improves interoperability of collaborating institutions by setting a standard. This may be especially relevant for emerging countries lacking one or more parts of research infrastructures (i.e., lack of reliable power grid, severe limitations in transport capacity, lack of trained personnel), where the SPREC would represent a valuable tool for researchers to become knowledgeable about sample quality and processing information. The aim of this column is to introduce, through guiding questions, the basic concept of the SPREC. The benefits of the code and how to use and design pre-analytical codes are explained using tools that have been designed for its implementation. How the code may be applied in different types of biobanks and biorepositories as well as the future development of the SPREC will be highlighted.


The European Lung Foundation (ELF) brings patients and the public together with respiratory professionals to positively influence lung health, and regularly provides reliable information that has been co-produced by patients and professionals (from the European Respiratory Society (ERS)) and is available in multiple languages. Quickly publishing questions from people with lung conditions, answered by experts in multiple languages, provided a well-accessed source of evidence-based support for individuals across the globe during the first wave of the #COVID19 pandemic https://bit.ly/2F5ZP4k


In this paper the effect of on-air-combining on the signal quality in distributed transmitter systems like active antennas is described. Active antennas containing a multitude of parallel, independent transmitter chains are emerging in the mobile communication base station market. Due to the independent transmitter chains, each signal is subject to different distortions by the various transmitter components like D/A-converters, filters, amplifiers, noise sources etc. These multiple signals are then radiated by individual antenna elements, which, according to their phase and amplitude offsets, then combine on air; forming the required beam pattern. In this paper the effect of the combining process is described; a system simulation tool in Matlab and Simulink is described and the measured verification-results of an implemented test system are presented.


Tacoma has had a municipal electric plant for 23 years. Natural advantages plus good management have brought power rates as low as .45 cents per kilowatt; residence cooking rates are 1 cent per kilowatt and heating rates ½ cent.


AbstractAs human activities expand to the Moon, Mars, and other extraterrestrial bodies, it will be necessary to use local resources rather than bringing everything from Earth. In situ resource utilization (ISRU), or planetary surface engineering, starts with excavation and dirt-moving. The current study focuses on excavation of lunar regolith simulant by blading with and without preripping (mechanical raking) and points out the need for considering the relative proportion of coarse grains in regolith when dealing with excavation force and energy. The coarse-grain content of the lunar regolith, estimated from 11 Apollo cores, can reach 30% by mass. Prior ripping of vibrationally compacted beds of a standard fine regolith simulant can decrease total excavation resistance (when subsequent blading is included) by up to 20% for relative regolith densities greater than 60%. The effect of coarse grains on the response of compacted regolith to excavation was more significant than would be expected in most terres...


Content-based filters (e.g. Keyword filters, heuristics filters, statistical learning filters, pattern recognition neural networks, and so on) use tokens, which are found during message content analysis, to separate spam from legitimate messages. The effectiveness of these token-based filters is due to the presence of token signatures (e.g. tokens that are invariant for the many variants of spam messages). In our research, we discovered a new trend of spam messages that have a low frequency of token signatures, thus making them significantly more difficult to identify. Further on, we will describe this new type of spam and also suggest a few modalities to combat the spread of this prototype of the future spam trend.


"The extension of knowledge" played an important role both on Chu Hsi and Yangming's thoughts.However,they had different explaination about the theme.While Chu Hsi thought the extension of knowledge lied in the investigation of things,Yangming thought the extension of knowledge was actually the extension of our conscience.This difference actually reflects the differences in ontology,epistemology and methodology of the two.


The reaction of bis(p-nitrophenoxy)-methane or p-nitrophenol with the excess paraformaldehyde under the presence of concentrated sulfuric acid was investigated, and the benzodioxene derivative of methylene bridged oligomer of p-nitrophenol with two or three benzene nucleus obtained. The four products were separated by chromatography, identified by IR, 1H NMR, MS, respectively and three new compounds yielded. These compounds are used to Convergent stepwise synthesis of calixarene and long-chian methylene bridged oligomer.


We present recent LHCb results of studies on the production of J/ and c charmonium states, of ϒ bottomonia and on J/ polarization in proton-proton collisions at √ s = 8 TeV. Results on J/ production in proton-lead collisions are also presented.


Research on beliefs about intelligence used questionnaires to characterize students as viewing intelligence as either a malleable quality of a fixed trait. In our study, regardless of the belief they endorsed, all students spoke about intelligence as malleable in subsequent interviews.


Twenty genotypes as well as five commercial cultivars (Triticum aestivum L.) were evaluated under normal and water stress conditions to identify drought tolerant bread wheat genotypes based on yield traits and drought tolerance indices. Analysis of variance for mean square of genotypes showed high significance of all studied genotypes for the traits. The mean performance showed that the highest yield value was recorded by Giza 168 followed by Giza 171 under normal and water stress irrigation. The values of all studied traits for phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) were higher than genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV). The maximum PCV and GCV were recorded for number of spikes m, the estimates of broad-sense heritability showed that there was gradation for all the studied traits with values ranged from 25% to 92% and 30% to 91% under both treatments. Drought tolerance indices showed that Giza 171, Giza 168, Sids 12 and Sakha 94 were the best genotypes for drought tolerance with high mean productivity values under most drought indices. Data analysis of correlation coefficients between drought tolerance indices showed that it could be a good phenomenon for selection of genotypes having high stress tolerance by using the best selection indices.


Summary By its use in a variety of blood clotting systems, soybean phosphatide has been shown to act as a partial thromboplastin in blood coagulation. In vitro, this substance displayed anti-heparin activity in human and dog blood and anti-protamine activity in human plasma. A simplified thromboplastin generation test is described for the study of hemorrhagic disorders. Soybean phosphatide serves as a complete substitute for platelets in this test.


Pakistan's multinational companies have strong potential for growth and represent a large and increasing number of consumers. Unfortunately, their sales have been affected by certain factors. This study identifies these factors using a mixed-methods approach and qualitative data collected through semi-structured interviews and focus groups. We administered 100 questionnaires among the employees of two large tobacco manufacturers. The results indicate that brand switching, product development, product mix, point of sale, competition, and price are significant factors that affect sales in the tobacco industry.


Malaysia's long-awaited ninth general elections, held in April, produced the biggest election victory for the ruling Barisan Nasional (National Front-BN) since independence in 1957. Talk of differences between Prime Minister Mahathir bin Mohamad and Deputy PM Anwar Ibrahim and of moves by the latter's supporters to precipitate a leadership change contained in 1995, but by year's end this speculation was effectively checked, at least for the time being. Anwar made an unequivocal statement in November pledging continued loyalty to Mahathir, and told party members not to waste their time nominating him for the presidency of UMNO (United Malays National Organisation), the BN's major party. The economy continued to grow vigorously in 1995, driven by exports as well as domestic demand. Infrastructural problems, though still serious, became less pronounced. The mounting deficit, however, began to raise concerns at home as well as abroad. The Education Ministry received a dynamic and reform-oriented minister, Najib Tun Abdul Razak, who wasted little time in making some changes which were generally well received. On the international front, Malaysia continued to play an active role, and it derived great satisfaction from the APEC summit in Osaka in November, which adopted a flexible and non-binding trade liberalization agenda that generally conformed with Malaysia's vigorous stand on the matter.


The myelin proteolipid has been studied by the electroblot method of Towbin et al [1979]. Samples were separated by SDS–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, transferred to nitrocellulose, and incubated with proteolipid antibody. The proteolipid band could be identified immunologically in CNS myelin and in whole brain homogenates. No proteolipid was detected in PNS myelin. Proteolipid from human, bovine, rat, and mouse myelin all cross‐react when analyzed by this method. No cross‐reactivity was indicated between proteolipid and myelin basic protein.


Research into the factors determining the safety of industrial organizations shows clearly the influence of managerial factors on the standard of the safety climate. While investigations exploring the mechanism of this process have been rather limited, there is sufficient evidence to indicate that supervisors, site managers, and senior managers all have distinctive effects. Following a short review of ongoing research into managerial behavior and leadership styles in relation to safety, it is suggested that senior management commitment to safety should be regularly measured using safety climate surveys and upward appraisal techniques. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Hum Factors Man 13: 261–268, 2003.


The wet chemical synthesis of CaZr0.9In0.1O32a powders via a peroxo-oxalate complexation method has been studied in detail using different techniques, i.e. TG-DTA, XRD, FT-IR, BET, SEM, EDX, and non-isothermal densi®cation. Using these techniques, the different reaction steps in the calcination process have been clarified. After drying the precipitated complex at 150 ³C for 3 h, a mixture of calcium oxalate and an amorphous zirconia phase is found. Between 200 and 450 ³C, the calcium oxalate decomposes into calcium carbonate. In the temperature range 450±800 ³C, the calcium carbonate decomposes into CaO, while a crystalline zirconia phase appears (CaZr4O9). In this temperature range, the formation of CaZrO3 is already observed. Further increasing the calcination temperature to 1000 ³C leads to a binary mixture of CaZrO3 and CaIn2O4. When the calcination temperature is increased to around 1500 ³C, the CaIn2O4 phase dissolves into the calcium zirconate to form the desired CaZr0.9In0.1O32a. All compacts sintered at 1550 ³C for 10 h show single-phase CaZr0.9In0.1O32a, independent of the calcination temperature. The morphology of the sintered compacts, however, varies with the calcination temperature, due to the presence or absence of a reactive sintering step around 1300 ³C. Powders calcined at 1000 ³C show a larger grain size in the sintered compact than powders calcined at 1450 or 1550 ³C.


INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................................................. 221 I . STRUCTURAL PROPERTIES OF W-AZIRLNES .................................................................. 222 1 . Molecular Orbital Calculations and Geometry ..................................................................... 222 2 . Spectroscopic Properties .......................................................................................................... 223 a) Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ......................................................................... 223


Television production is increasingly making use of 3D models, in applications including animation and virtual production. These models are rendered to produce 2D images during the production process. However, with the ever increasing power of 3D graphics processors in home PCs, and new developments in 3D display technology, the time is right to consider how the broadcaster can maintain content in its 3D form all the way through the programme chain. This paper discusses the work of PROMETHEUS, a UK 'LINK' project, whose objective is to examine the various issues related to developing an end-to-end 3D programme production chain using MPEG-4.


We derive a consistent set of moments equations for CR-magnetohydrodynamics, assuming a gyrotropic distribution function (DF). Unlike previous efforts we derive a closure, akin to the M1 closure in radiation hydrodynamics (RHD), that is valid in both the nearly-isotropic-DF and/or strong-scattering regimes, and the arbitrarily-anisotropic DF or free-streaming regimes, as well as allowing for anisotropic scattering and transport/magnetic field structure. We present the appropriate two-moment closure and equations for various choices of evolved variables, including the CR phase space distribution function f, number density n, total energy e, kinetic energy ε, and their fluxes or higher moments, and the appropriate coupling terms to the gas. We show that this naturally includes and generalizes a variety of terms including convection/fluid motion, anisotropic CR pressure, streaming, diffusion, gyro-resonant/streaming losses, and re-acceleration. We discuss how this extends previous treatments of CR transport including diffusion and moments methods and popular forms of the Fokker-Planck equation, as well as how this differs from the analogous M1-RHD equations. We also present two different methods for incorporating a reduced speed of light (RSOL) to reduce timestep limitations: in both we carefully address where the RSOL (versus true c) must appear for the correct behaviour to be recovered in all interesting limits, and show how current implementations of CRs with a RSOL neglect some additional terms.


"In the late 19th century Argentina went through a phase of great economic growth, the Belle Epoque , represented by a strong foreign presence of products, labour and, especially, capital. The capital that entered the country was mainly British investment and was allocated to the construction of the railroads required by the remarkable territorial expansion that occurred in the country at the time, resulting in Argentina's present territory. That large expansion of the borders, along with the incorporation of great portions of fertile land, very appropriate to agricultural activities, enabled the internal production of goods demanded by the international market. The so-called Desert Campaign, or La Conquista del Desierto, and the construction of railroads that crossed the new territory linking it to the rest of the country were absolutely decisive in this process. The Desert Campaign consisted of a number of military operations carried out by the Argentinean authorities around the 1870s and 1880s aimed at banishing the Indian population from the area south of Buenos Aires. This paper attempts to examine the formation and financing of the Argentinean railroads within the context of the territorial expansion and the role they played in the period of great expansion of the British capital in Argentina. The choice of railroads as the main means of development for the country emerges from the understanding that the territorial safety and its consolidation were the two essential elements to reach it. The territorial consolidation was key, particularly in areas where the borders were poorly defined or where vast areas were inhabited by wild Indians. On the other hand, safety did not relate only to foreign aggression, but also to domestic instability. Regional rivalries and antagonisms were equally powerful forces confronting the central government, making the establishment of safety essential for the national authority over the provinces. There is a lengthy literature concerning the innovative characteristic of the railroads where they are usually shown as elements that generated new patterns of economic activity and consolidated existing products, as they allow the rediscovery of new regions and new alternatives for the exportable surplus produced.On the other hand, some scholars have argued that the construction of railroads in Latin America seldom promoted national consolidation since the configuration of the railways encouraged exclusively export production and foreign trade instead of promoting endogenous diversification. Undoubtedly the British-built railroads and the Desert Campaign were crucial for the construction and consolidation of the Argentinean domestic market. Both campaigns, Alsina's in 1874 and General Roca's in 1878, had the obvious goal to rescue the desert occupied by Indians and colonize it as a means to assure its ownership. By the end of Alsina's conquest 56,000 km of territory were incorporated and by General Roca's over 550,000 km. The construction of railroads in Argentina began in the 1860s, when British capital was already predominant. Despite some local experiences, the large railroad companies arrived along with the British capital, making the two simultaneous and inseparable. The Argentinean railroad network became the largest and most important in Latin America. Two English capital companies – Great Southern Railway of Buenos Aires and the Central Argentine Railway – were at the top of the ranking. While the Central Argentine Railway was a large company, creating its own demand, with intense State participation and low Argentine national private capital contribution, the Great Southern Railway of Buenos Aires was constructed in an already densely populated area and had a great number of English citizens as its main shareholders. As a consequence, Argentina soon became a "railroad inferno": in 1900 at least 21 private railroad companies and three public companies struggled over the market represented by a population of four million people. The railroad system grew every year and by the late 1910 it totalled about 30,000 km while another 8,000km were under construction. Considering the small population, the Argentinean railroad system could be considered one of the most developed systems in the world at the time. Thus, the construction of railroads, although required by foreign trade demands, performed a remarkable role in national consolidation, facilitating access to new areas, thereby aiding geographical and economic integration. Thus regional exchange was made feasible, in spite of the lack of rivers and canals. The importance of the railroads as indispensable elements for the integration and access to the new regions and for the building of the Argentinean nation, especially through the incorporation of the "pampa" area, was always highlighted by the politicians and statesmen of the time. Along this paper it was seen that the great territorial expansion due to the Desert Campaign pushed and was pushed by the construction of railroads, yielding the incorporation of vast areas of fertile land which, by their production, not only made possible the final territorial consolidation of the country, but also pushed its economic development to a significant boom."


The dielectric dissipation factor (DDF) is a useful parameter for the diagnosis of high voltage equipment insulation condition. Traditionally, the AC power grid voltage was considered pure sinusoidal. Due to the increasing presence of non-linear loads in the power system, the grid voltage nowadays gets distorted with high frequency harmonics. This paper investigates the impact of distorted voltage on the DDF measurement. Based on a circuit model with the polarization loss, a mathematical formula is derived which shows that, given the same RMS applied voltage, the DDF value will decrease with increasing harmonic distortion level. The theoretical formulation is implemented in computer simulation using MATLAB Simulink to validate the results. Laboratory experiments were carried out on a 33kV dry-type current transformer which confirmed the monotonically decreasing pattern, but the trend is more complex.


Penicillin fermentation processes are usually characterized as serious time varying and nonlinear dynamic systems,it is difficult to establish the precise mathematical model,due to the absence on_line sensors.A new way of model building for Penicillin fermentation processes based on support vector machine was presented in this paper.Penicillin fermentation processes data were used as model's input,and particle swarm optimization algorithm was used for support vector machine parameters optimization.The model based on support vector machine was built,the model performaces were tested by simulation experiment.Simulation results show that the proposed models are more accurate and efficient,and suffice for the requirements of control and optimization for biochemical processes.


It is shown that, in the case of Kerr-Newman space-time, the complex electromagnetic strength E + i H and analogous complex intensity of the gravitational field share the common complexified spatial direction.


Primary grammar adaptation of Anglo-American borrowings in French concerns the category of gender. Among the borrowed Anglo-American nouns only those associated with the female gender are assimilated according to the rules of the French feminine gender.


In this Comment we discuss some points concerning the modeling of parked cars proposed in the article by Rawal and Rodgers, Physica A (2005). We also introduce another approach to this problem which leads to a better description of the empirical data collected by the authors.


The impacts of different linear speed of grinding wheel, grinding depth and workpiece feed speed with or without grinding fluid on grinding force were studied by plane grinding machining of zirconia ceramics. The impacts of different machining environment and grinding parameter on normal and tangential grinding forceswere studied by testing the grinding force during grinding with a force measuring device. The studies showed that the normal and tangential grinding forces decrease with the increase of the linear speed of grinding wheel and increase with the improvement of grinding depth and workpiece feed speed. The grinding depth has the greatest impacts on the normal and tangential grinding forces in dry grinding environment; while in wet grinding environment, the grinding depth exerts the greatest impacts on the normal grinding force and the linear speed of grinding wheel imposes the greatest impacts on the tangential grinding force. In addition, it was found that the normal grinding force in dry grinding is minor than that in wet grinding, that the tangential grinding force in dry grinding is greater than that in wet grinding, and that the grinding force ratio in dry grinding is lower than that in wet grinding.


Subtitle: The market for regional aircraft converted into freighters is building steadily. Al Ditter reports on some of the latest conversion programmes.


The application of fully-inertial size-based microfluidic filtration technologies for particle separation is an attractive tool, which not only offers label-free control of the microenvironment during separation, but also facilitates integration and automation for high throughput sample processing. In this work, we exploit 3D computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations based on the lattice Boltzmann method to evaluate the performance of a microfluidic device specifically designed to trap and extract particles by inertial focusing and microscale vortices. The device geometry consists of a straight microchannel, followed downstream by a microchamber with outlets for continuous size-based separation. Simulations were carried out to characterize the flow properties of the microfluidic device. Here, the influence of the Reynolds number (Re), the chamber dimensions and the outlet channels aspect ratio on the streamtracer distribution were studied. In order to support the simulation results, some preliminary experimental validations have been conducted, finding that the model can accurately characterize the flow in the studied geometry. The results of the simulations and experiments presented in this paper can be very useful to support the design of continuous-flow particle sorting lab-on-a-chip (LOC) devices.


ABSTRACT One of the most essential steps in the surgical workflow analysis is recognition of surgical tool presence. We propose a method to detect the presence of surgical tools in laparoscopic surgery videos, called LapFormer. The novelty of LapFormer is to use a Transformer architecture, which is a feed-forward neural network architecture with attention mechanism, growing in popularity for natural language processing, for analysing inter-frame correlation in videos instead of using recurrent neural network families. To the best of our knowledge, no methods using a Transformer architecture for analysing laparoscopic surgery videos have been proposed. We evaluate our method on a dataset called Cholec80, which contains 80 videos of cholecystectomy surgeries. We confirm that our proposed method outperforms the conventional methods such as single-frame analysis with convolutional neural networks or multiple frame analysis with recurrent neural networks by 20.3 and 17.3 points in macro-F1 score, respectively. We also conduct an ablation study on how hyper-parameters for Transformer block in our proposed method affect the performance of the detection.


This paper deals with coupling of electromagnetic fields to wire, namely capacitive coupling. First, it discusses skin effect and how the resistivity changes with frequency. The use of ferrite filters is explained in regard to interference suppression. Capacitive coupling clamp, a device used for measuring the coupled electromagnetic interference to the wire is explained, and its coupling to RG-213/U, RG-58A/U as well as twisted pair are measured.


The wire bonding reliability is provided an improved semiconductor device. The semiconductor element is lower that the trench formed between the openings comprising a plurality of bond pad opening is formed on the insulating film, an insulating film on a substrate, the multi-layer wiring structure is embedded substrate spaced apart arranged in the first direction, a plurality of bonding pads protective film , by a plurality of slits are formed by filling the openings for bonding pads are spaced apart arranged in the first direction and overlaps the spaced-apart portions of the plurality of bonding pads and bonding pads are associated with the uppermost layer wiring of the multilayered wiring structure embedded in the trench of the lower protective film It is defined, and an upper protective layer that includes a plurality of bond pad opening portion of each of the plurality of bonding pads exposed. Wire bonding, a polyimide, a bonding pad part open


The aim of this article is to trace the evolution in the meaning of the concept of Sunnah prior to its classical definition, which largely confluences it with the concept of an authentic (sahīh) Hadīth as defined by the classical Hadīth sciences. This article will first describe the semanico-contextual changes in the meaning of the term Sunnah during the period under examination and then present a chronological analysis of the development of the concept 'Sunnah' in relation to the development of the concept 'authentic Hadīth'. This article argues that during the first four generations of Muslims, the concept 'Sunnah' remained epistemologically independent of the concept 'authentic Hadīth' and that evaluation of Sunnah compliance with a certain practice or belief remained methodologically independent to that of the concept of an authentic Hadīth, as defined by classical ulūm al-hadīth sciences,


The article is a review of the features of the most important motif in the lyrics by Ivan Elagin motif of the road. The analysis is based on the material of poetical books «Journey from There» (1953), «Nocturnal Reflections» (1963), «Tiazhelye zvezdy» (1986). Keywords: motif, lyrical hero, metaphor, stanza, urban poetry.


An elevating/lowering mechanism of elevator comprising two sets of hoists (22, 24) for elevating/lowering the cage (8) for elevator and a counterweight (10), controllers (26, 28) for controlling rotation of the two sets of hoists (22, 24) independently, and a looped rope (30) passed around the two sets of hoists (22, 24) respectively. At one of two opposite positions between the two sets of hoists (22, 24), the rope (30) is passed around the pulley (14) of the cage (8) in order to suspend it. At the other position, the rope (30) is passed around the pulley (16) of the counterweight (10) in order to suspend it.


Traceability is a technique to ease determining the impact of changes in the design of software, to support their integration, to preserve knowledge, and to assure the quality and accuracy of the overall system. In this paper, an approach that considers traceability in the context of model-driven development of Home Automation (HA) systems is presented. This combination enables the development of tools with techniques for improving the quality both of the process and of the models obtained. To obtain these advantages we have developed a tool that provides users with traceability reports after applying model transformations. These reports enable developers to study whether all requirements have been considered, the impact of changes, and how they are considered both in architectural decisions and code implementations.


years, the problem causes substantial concern. School districts like states, municipalities, corporations, and the federal government are all going to be competing in the same arena for those dollars that are available for fixed-income debt instruments. The difficulty is increased by the fact that interest costs to all borrowers have reached all-time highs, and interest rates are responding with great volatility in all markets, which is a divergence from the orderly retreats and advances of the not too distant past. As of October 1975, the municipal bond market, (for all governmental units, including schools) had accommodated some $24.8 billion in long-term debt in addition to some $22 billion in shortterm debt (a maturity of one year or less, usually notes or certificates of indebtedness) in only ten months an all time high compared to any previous year. School financing accounted for approximately 17 percent of the above-mentioned figure for long-term financing, or some $4.2 billion. Interest costs on the average issue (for the traditional 20-25 year school financing of "A" to "AA" rated quality) ranged between 6.27 to 7.67 percent for 1975 as compared to the range of 4.99 to 5.59 percent for all of 1973. With the tremendous variance in rates from month to month in the municipal market, the difference in the high and low rates results in a significant interestcost differential on a typical school's financing. Not only has the strain on the municipal bond market been great and the volume been at an all time high, but also the basic market for these securities has changed in its composition (those who repre-


Abstract: Citrus fruit diseases are the major cause of extreme citrus fruit yield declines. Plant disease detection and classification are crucial long term agriculture. Manually monitoring citrus diseases is quite tough. As a result, image processing is used for designing an automated detection system for citrus plant diseases. Image acquisition, image preprocessing, image segmentation, feature extraction and classification are main processes in the citrus disease detection process. Deep learning methods have recently obtained promising results in a number of artificial intelligence issues, leading us to apply them to the challenge of recognizing citrus fruit and leaf diseases. In this approach, an integrated approach is used to suggest a convolutional neural networks (CNNs) model. The proposed CNN model is intended to differentiate healthy fruits and leaves from fruits/leaves with common citrus diseases such as black spot, canker and citrus blight. The proposed CNN model extracts complementary discriminative features by integrating multiple layers.


Estimation of height of a person plays an important role in identification of a person which is necessary in criminal cases and as well as in mass disasters where only a portion or a part of body may be seen. The present study was carried out on the measurement of foot length and body height of 342 students (170males and 172 females) of 05 to 30 years of age. Anthropometric measurements were taken by using anthropometric instruments in centimeter to the nearest millimeter. All the measurements were taken in a well lighted room. Obtained data was analysed for correlation coefficient and to derive a regression formula between foot length and height of an individual. A medium correlation of height was observed with foot length and it was statistically significant. The present study would be useful for anthropologists and forensic experts


In order to improve tracking estimation accuracy of existing Central Difference Kalman Filte(rCDKF),a new itera-tive central difference kalman filter is proposed.In this paper,iterative filtering theory is introduced into the extended kalman filter algorithm,and observation information is reused.Taking the classic non-linear and non-gaussian model for example,sever-al simulation experiments are given by using the algorithm such as extended kalman filter(EKF),Central Difference Kalman Filter,and iterative central difference kalman filter.In comparison with the tracking performance and root mean square error,iterative central difference kalman filter(ICDKF) algorithm not only has no need to calculate Jacobian matrix,but also has a higher estimation accuracy.


We extend the usual one-dimensional equilibrium theory of the surface space charge region that screens a semiconductor from an external electric field in order to admit perturbations in three dimensions and time. We identify a class of perturbations of the one-dimensional equilibrium that grow exponentially in time at least until our first-order perturbation theory fails. The resulting spontaneous field enhancement may explain enhancement factors observed in electron emission from semiconducting cathodes and may similarly contribute to gate leakage in metal–oxide–semiconductor field effect transistors.


The field scattered by a perfectly conducting plane surface with a perturbation illuminated by an E//-polarized plane wave is determined by means of a Rayleigh method. This cylindrical surface is described by a local function. The scattered field is supposed to be represented everywhere in space by a superposition of a continuous spectrum of outgoing plane waves. A "triangle/Dirac" method of moments applied to the Dirichlet boundary condition in the spectral domain allows the wave amplitudes to be obtained. For a half cosine arch, the proposed Rayleigh method is numerically investigated in the far-field zone, by means of convergence tests on the spectral amplitudes and on the power balance criterion. We show that the Rayleigh integral can be used for perturbations, the amplitudes of which are close to half the wavelength.


The main threat to controlling malaria is the emerging multidrug resistance of Plasmodium sp. parasites. Bis‐alkylamidines were developed as a potential new chemotherapy that targets plasmodial phospholipid metabolism. Unfortunately, these compounds are not orally available. To solve this absorption issue, we investigated a prodrug strategy based on sulfonate derivatives of alkylamidoximes. A total of 25 sulfonates were synthesized as prodrug candidates of one bis‐N‐alkylamidine and of six N‐substituted bis‐C‐alkylamidines. Their antimalarial activities were evaluated in vitro against P. falciparum and in vivo against P. vinckei in mice to define structure–activity relationships. Small alkyl substituents on the sulfonate group of both C‐alkyl‐ and N‐alkylamidines led to the best oral antimalarial activities; alkylsulfonate derivatives are chemically transformed into the corresponding alkylamidines.