Recent research result has shown that two mul- tidelay feedback systems can synchronize each other under dif- ferent schemes, i.e. lag, projective-lag, anticipating, or projective- anticipating synchronization. There, the driving signal is significantly complex due that it is constituted by multiple nonlinear transforma- tions of delayed state variable. In this paper, a secure communication model is proposed based on synchronization of coupled multidelay feedback systems, in which the plain signal is mixed with a complex signal at the transmitter side and it is precisely retrieved at the receiver side. The effectiveness of the proposed model is demonstrated and verified in the specific example, where the message signal is masked directly by the complex signal and security is examined under the breaking method of power spectrum analysis.


DIOGRAPHY has a proven track record of exciting interest in historical events. Barbara Tuchman used it extensively in her best-selling histories, considering it a "vehicle to carry the larger subject," something that "encompasses the universal in a particular. . . representative."1 Others favor biography because it "humanizes history," "personalizes events," and "demonstrates that the individual does matter."2 Using the format of a press conference, the "History Alive! Program" of the Teachers' Curriculum Institute in California focuses on the lives of "notables" involved in pivotal historical events. In this program, students working in groups face the challenge of personifying an historical figure. The format enticed me by its embrace of the biographical method. The program attempts to deal with "the complexities" of important yet difficult issues by means of "affective learning" whereby students come to "truly appreciate how history affects their own lives."3 The Institute has been developing strategies and materials such as History Alive! for K-12 social studies classes since 1989. The theoretical basis for its approach lies in Howard Gardner's multiple intelligences, Elizabeth Cohen's work on cooperative learning, and Jerome Burner's spiral curriculum.4 Dedicated to moving teachers away from a static didacticism towards dynamic critical thinking activities, the Institute aims to engage


Pollster Ben Page thinks there's a big lie out there: "nobody believes anybody anymore, the media are evil, and market researchers are evil and can't predict anything." In his LSE lecture as part of the Polis Media Agenda Talk series the CEO of Ipsos MORI tried to correct that false picture and explain the changing polling industry. This report by Polis intern Lucia Cohen.


Open multi-agent systems are often formed from heterogeneous peers operating in a decentralised manner, therefore their constituent agents must evaluate possible actions and opportunities based on local, subjective knowledge. Given that this knowledge is determined by an agent's social connections and interactions with its peers, we define two alternative algorithms for selecting peers based on perceived similarity. These algorithms form part of an agent model and are evaluated for their ability to organise the network such that it acts as a passive filter, tailoring the information that agents use to select actions. We describe the development of a reusable test bed for investigating agents' social interaction e.g. action selection through recommendation within the context of evolving heterogeneous distributed networks. We propose an agent based model of neighbourhood selection and social influence that controls the diffusion of opinions in the global network leading to localised/tailored perception of action utilities. Our simulation experiments highlight the link between the peer selection algorithm, the initial properties of the agent population, the emergent network topologies and the agents' subsequent performance in selecting actions based on peer recommendations.


Various new transportation methods are being developed and introduce in Korea. Among them, the urban railway system has also introduced a variety of urban railway systems such as HRT, LRT, Monorails, and Maglev. Currently, many local goverment are hoping to introduce urban railway. In selecting the urban railway system, the cost of construction and the advantages and disadvantages of railway vehicles are given top priority. Although the operating cost is predicted based on the cost estimate presented in the preliminary feasibility study at the time of the operation plan of the urban railway, there are many differences from the actual operation cost. The purpose of this study is to estimate the operating cost of urban railway system introduction in the future through analyzing the actual operation cost through the official financial statements of the operating agencies of each city railway vehicles system.


Recent work has pointed to alterations in fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFRs) as potential drivers of colder metastatic urothelial carcinoma (mUC) microenvironments.1,2 FGFRs mediate cell proliferation, migration, differentiation, and survival.3 Activating genomic alterations in FGFR3 are frequent in bladder cancer.4-6 In the muscle-invasive bladder cancer data set of The Cancer Genome Atlas, FGFR3 alterations were found to be enriched in the luminal papillary subtype.7

Clinical benefit from immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has been a major advance for many cancer types in recent years, including mUC, leading to US Food and Drug Administration approval.5 Although durable clinical benefit is seen in multiple cancer types, objective response rates in mUC are only 15% to 24%.8 Mechanisms contributing to ICI resistance and low response rates are poorly understood.

A phase II trial comparing the association between The Cancer Genome Atlas mRNA subtypes and response to atezolizumab, an anti–programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) monoclonal immunoglobulin G1 antibody, showed that the luminal cluster (enriched for FGFR genomic alteration) was associated with lower expression levels of CD8+ genes and lower response rates (10%).1 Another study has shown that higher FGFR3 expression and FGFR3 pathway mutations are strongly associated with immune exclusion in bladder cancer.9 This association was also found in patients with bladder tumors harboring FGFR3-TACC3 fusions.2 These observations suggest that patients harboring FGFR3 alterations are relatively poor candidates for ICI therapy.

Herein, we report a patient with metastatic bladder cancer harboring an FGFR3-TACC3 fusion and exhibiting an exceptional response to sequential FGFR3 inhibition and anti–PD-L1 blockade. We speculate that treatment of this patient with an FGFR3 inhibitor may have led to tumor microenvironment changes that enhanced the ICI response.


SUMMARY When free second-stage juveniles of Heterodera schachtii were transferred from distilled water to concentrations of trehalose or sucrose greater than 0.1M they lost water. In solutions of about 0.3M the water content became constant at 69 %, the value obtained €rom unhatched juveniles in eggs equilibrated with water. Compared with juveniles in water, the number of juveniles moving in a range of concentrations of sucrose and inositol did not substantially decrease, unless the concentration was 0.5M or greater. The hatch of juveniles from cysts in 0.3M sucrose and inositol in 2mM picric acid was similar to that in distilled water, whereas a 0.6M solution completely inhibited hatching. These findings are compared with those obtained for Globodera rostochiensis (Clarke, Perry & Hennessy, 1978) and it is suggested that a lower osmotic pressure of fluid within the H. schachtii egg and the fact that H. schachtii juveniles can move in 0.3M sugar solutions may explain why this species hatches readily in water.


A Two Way Satellite Time and Frequency Transfer (TWSTFT) experiment performed between six European laboratories is reported. The characteristics of the time transfers undertaken between each pair of laboratory earth stations has been determined. Multiple time transfer and ranging experiments were performed to determine both systematic errors and delay instabilities in the TWSTFT system.<<ETX>>


The real-time distribution of alert messages from satellites that detect gamma-ray bursts are of key importance to neutrino telescopes.We describe how the distribution network of these alert messages is used by the ANTARES neutrino telescope, and the resulting increase in detection efficiency for neutrinos from gamma-ray bursts. (© 2008 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)


Background; Involvement in Barnard and Chadbourne Hall Association (BACH); Life in Chadbourne Hall; Origins of Chadbourne Residential College (CRC); Listening Sessions; CRC Steering Committee; University Housing and CRC; Wisconsin Welcome Week; Community Board Elections; Origins and goals of Mission Groups; Changes in CRC for the second year; Role of Bill Cronon; Academic Advising at CRC; Personal Academic Goals; Final evaluation of CRC.


The mechanism of detailed chemical reactions in combustion is very complicated, especially when the formation of pollutant such as NOx is considered. Based on Glarborg's and Bilger's full model (Glarborg P. et al., Combustion and Flame, 65, 177; (1986), Bilger R. W., Starner S. H., Kee, R. J., Combustion and Flame, 80, 135 (1990)), a simplified model of the mechanism of NOx formation in a CH4/Air system is presented. Sensitivity calculation and eigenvalue–eigenvector analysis (principal component analysis (Vajda S., Valko P., Turanyi T., Int. J. Chemical Kinetics, 17: 55 (1985)) are used in the model. Compared with the conventional methods of simplification of chemical reaction mechanisms such as quasi-steady-state approximation, the eigenvalue–eigenvector analysis can indicate the important reactions efficiently without providing any balance hypothesis. The new model consists of only 15 elementary reactions, which is simpler than the full model composing 39 reactions. The deviations in NOx concentration and other major species between the simplified and the full model are rather small over a wide range of fuel–air ratio. Meanwhile, the calculated NOx concentrations by the simplified model are in quite good agreement with Bartok's experimental data (Bartok W. et al., AICHE Symp. Ser. 126 (1972)), especially in the fuel-lean region. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


This paper presents the graphic method of mechanism design and analysis based on AutoCAD. It is shown its analysis and design to mechanism is as accurate as that of analytic solution, thus, providing the inspiration of using AutoCAD in the mechanism analysis and design.


Scientists of the Westinghouse Electric Corp. are experimenting with the building in of special "rigidizing" characteristics into fabrics to make them suitable for satellite duty. They believe that such materials will greatly facilitate the use of giant solar reflectors and balloon-like communications structures.


Stellar fluxes from the 2MASS catalog are used to remove the contribution due to Galactic stars from the intensity measured by DIRBE in 13 regions in the North and South Galactic polar caps. Allowing for a constant calibration factor between the DIRBE 3.5 micron intensity and the 2MASS 2.2 micron fluxes gives very small pixel to pixel scatter. After subtracting the interplanetary and Galactic foregrounds, a residual intensity of 16.1 +/- 4 kJy/sr or 13.8 +/- 3.4 nW/m^2/sr at 3.5 microns is found. A similar analysis at 2.2 microns gives a residual intensity of 17.6 +/- 4.4 kJy/sr or 24 +/- 6 nW/m^2/sr. The intercepts of the DIRBE minus 2MASS correlation at 1.25 microns show more scatter and are a much smaller fraction of the foreground, leading to a weak limit on the CIRB of 10.1 +/- 7.4 kJy/sr or 24.3 +/- 18 nW/m^2/sr (1 sigma).


The effects of iodosulfuron-methyl sodium on several biological indicators in soil were studied by stimulated methods in laboratory. The results showed that the soil urease activity and (microbial) biomass carbon were restrained significantly, and then, come consistent with CK, and the catalase activity of soil was lightly restrained at first, then stimulated and recovered as the soil treated with iodosulfuron-methyl sodium at a level of 1 mg/kg. Iodosulfuron-methyl sodium also had some effects on soil respiration, the higher concentration the greater influence during the early days. But as time goes on, the restraining of respiration turns to stimulating, and after 12 days it showed almost no difference between the respiration of soil treated by iodosulfuron-methyl sodium and CK soil. The (result) of statistical analysis showed that iodosulfuron-methyl sodium is a low toxicity or not (harmful) herbicide.


An experimental study on hard x-ray production in a small plasma focus device operating in a few hundreds of Joule range is presented. A threshold in the voltage drop on the pinch was observed for x-ray emission. A comparison with Dreicer theory for electrons runaway in plasmas yields significant agreement. The study was performed at a constant pressure (1.8 mbar) of deuterium with three different anode lengths.


Abstract. Titanosauria is a clade of sauropod dinosaurs that includes some of the largest terrestrial animals ever recorded. An outstanding feature of some species of this group is the presence of osteoderms, which are bony deposits on the skin that form scales, plates or other structures. Only six osteoderms have been identified from Brazil. Herein, we describe the first titanosaurian osteoderm from the Potiguar Basin (Early–Late Cretaceous) and discuss Brazilian titanosaur osteoderm diversity, their taxonomy and the functional implications. The specimen (UFRJ-DG 549-R) is bilaterally symmetrical and is assigned to the ellipsoid morphotype. The most interesting feature is the large cavities separated by thin trabeculae. This pattern, according to recent interpretations, suggests that titanosaur osteoderms functioned as a source of calcium. However, the function(s) of titanosaur osteoderms remain(s) open to debate. Compared with the other reported osteoderms from Brazil, the Potiguar osteoderm shows more similarities with an osteoderm of Ibirá (Bauru Group, Turonian–Santonian) than with material collected from the São Luís Basin (Albian–Cenomanian) despite their greater geographical and temporal proximity. The Potiguar and Ibirá osteoderms are of the ellipsoid morphotype, with no cingulum and several pits on the external surface. More findings are necessary to clarify whether the Potiguar material represents a different armored titanosaurian species in northeastern Brazil.


The emergence of private military corporations that either have a combat capability or can advise and equip militaries to fight has once again exposed the nature of insecurity in Africa. The decisive role played by EO [Executive Outcomes] in Angola and Sierra Leone and the prospects of it and its competitors having unlimited potential for expansion in Africa, has made the regulation of private security forces a new and complex issue. The problem of exercising control over the private provision of violence will become more pressing in the future as the international community abdicates its responsibility by increasingly allowing African solutions to African wars, as the glut of conventional weaponry makes it easier for private firms to arm, and as advances in technology (for example, the private provision of aerial and satellite reconnaissance) enable firms to supply the type of combat support that was until recently thought to be within the ambit of States [J. Herbst, South African Yearbook of International Affairs 1999/2000].


Background Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) targeting gut microbiome dysbiosis is an emerging therapy for ulcerative colitis (UC) and has been found to be efficacious in multiple randomized trials. However, there is no uniformity in protocols with respect to the route of administration, the frequency of intervention and amount of fecal slurry delivered. We intend to study the pattern of response to serial fecal microbiota transplantation via the colonoscopic route in patients with ulcerative colitis. Methods A retrospective analysis of patients with active UC (Mayo clinic score ≥4), who received multi-session FMT (at weeks 0, 2, 6, 10, 14, 18 and 22) via a colonoscopic route, in addition to standard of care, between June 2015 and December 2018 was done. The proportion of patients maintaining steroid-free clinical remission (Mayo score ≤2, all sub scores ≤ 1) and achieving endoscopic remission (endoscopic Mayo score 0) were calculated for each FMT session. Results One hundred twenty-four patients [mean age 34.84 ±11.91 years, 66.93% males (n=83), mean mayo clinic score 8.13 ± 2.65] who consented for FMT were analysed retrospectively. Proportion of patients maintaining steroid-free clinical remission (Mayo score ≤2, all sub scores ≤ 1)as well as achieving endoscopic remission (endoscopic Mayo score 0)increased with serial sessions of FMT (16.6% after 1st session vs 65.55% after 7th session for clinical remission and 3.62% after 1st session vs 37.93% after 7th session for endoscopic remission). (figure 1)Abstract IDDF2019-ABS-0310 Figure 1 Conclusions With serial colonoscopic FMTs for active ulcerative colitis, the response rates, determined by the maintenance of steroid-free clinical remission and endoscopic remission, gradually increase. Repeated interventions over longer periods may result in a persistent change in gut microbiota composition that is otherwise inherently resilient, resulting in improvement in disease activity indices.


An opinion paper that tries to show that the concept of cenosis has been withheld over time, seeks to understand the reason why, and aims to rehabilitate it. Different definitions of biological and ecological communities types are then proposed. Finally, the paper presents some possible paths for a renewed science of cenosis (or cenology, or biocenotics).


AT a meeting of the Anatomical Society held in February 1893, the Proceedings of which are published in the Jou rnal of A natomy, vol. xxvii. p. xxii, Professor A. M. Paterson showed, amongst other anomalies in a negro skeleton, a fusion of the semilunar and cuneiform bones in the carpus of the right hand; and he mentioned that Humphry (The Hamtantn Skoeleton, p. 397) also records a similar case in a negro skeleton in the Museum of the Jardin des Plantes (Jourdan, Encyci. A nucot., II. 139). Whether or not this is the same case that Testut (Traite' (I'A ntomie htnumtine, 4 edit., tome 1, 1889, p. 283) mentions as having been described by Soemmerring-" Soemmerring a vu, sur les deux mains d'un nevore, les os du carpe re'duits a sept, par suite de la soudure du semnilunaire avec le pyramidal "-the writer is unable to say, as Soemmerring's work is not available for reference in Cairo.' In 1903 Professor Elliot Smith published in the A-nat. A nzeiger, Band xxiii. p. 494, a case of numerical reduction of the carpus in a male Sudanese negro. In this instance the semilunar and cuneiform bones were completely fused on both sides, and there was no evidence whatever of inflammatory action. At the time, lie was able to find only one record of such an anomaly-Testut's reference to the case of the negro described by Soemnmerring. After the publication of his note, Professor Paterson called his attention to the case that he had recorded (op. cit., suh])ra). Since then Professor Elliot Smith has made a systematic examination of the carpus in the skeletons of over 500 predynastic Egyptians, as well as in a much more numerous series of bodies of later Egyptians of every period, without meeting a single case of fusion of any of the carpal bones. During the past winter, forty bodies have been examined in the dissecting-room of the Cairo School of Medicine, six of which were


Self-starting stretched-pulse operation in a Mode-locked Erbium fiber laser is demonstrated for both; Graphene Oxide and pure graphene Mode-lockers. The -3 dB spectral width is 36.8 nm. Pulse temporal width of 43.65 ps and peak powers of 670 mW with 5.42 MHz repetition rates are also demonstrated. Efficient replication techniques based on all-fiber coupled resonators and non-linear effects and environmental stability are also assessed. The experimental results obtained, have allowed the experimental validation of a theoretical model developed by other lab members.


Over the past six years, in the course of documenting the grammar of the Thangmi language, I have found the lexicon to be replete with indigenous names for local flora and fauna. Many of these indigenous terms are falling into disuse, or being replaced by Nepali words as fluency in the national language increases. Older Thangmi speakers have encouraged me to document the local botanical terminology, and the medicinal and ritual uses of the plants as a record for younger generations of Thangmi speakers as well as for the international scholarly community. With this goal in mind, the present article offers a list of Thangmi lexical items for flora. Since I am untrained in ethnobotany and taxonomy, the vernacular English terms and Latin names which I have included may in some cases be incorrect and I am unable to ensure accuracy. However, I have crosschecked each term and its associated ritual or medicinal uses with at least three native speakers of Thangmi, and the Nepali and Latin names for plants, alongside the common vernacular English terms, are always provided when known. The list has been ordered according to a modified Roman alphabetical ordering, with aspirates such as /kh/ and /th/ following the unaspirated series. After each Thangmi term, (D) for Dolakhâ and/or (S) for Sindhupâlcok are shown to indicate the Thangmi speech variety in which the word is attested. While many botanical terms are common to both dialects, some terms are noticeably different.


In the past two years proteasome inhibitors have risen in prominence reflecting the recent approval of two new agents, carfilzomib and ixazomib. This means there are three different agents of this class available for the treatment of multiple myeloma. These agents are highly effective and suitable for use in combination with other agents, however each has a different route of administration and an individual toxicity profile. Optimal patient management is required to use these agents to their full potential. Nurses are instrumental in educating patients about these treatment options and managing their individual toxicities during treatment. They also play a crucial part in supporting ongoing communication between patients and the multidisciplinary team. To succeed in this role, nurses require a thorough understanding of evidence-based symptom-management programmes, and a good awareness of the efficacy and safety profiles of newer drugs. Time should be set aside for nurses to be educated and trained appropriately on topics identified in this review, and initiatives such as local myeloma learning programmes may be useful. This article discusses the central role of nurses in the management of proteasome inhibitors for the treatment of patients with multiple myeloma.


Acacia polyacantha gum (APG) is a dried exudate which obtained from the stems and branches of Acacia polyacantha trees, rich in soluble dietary fibers and organic compounds that appear to be capable of preventing many diseases. This study allowed for quantitation of the levels of total phenolic content (TPC) and antioxidant activity using ABTS and CUPRAC assays from APG extraction using pure solvents (methanol, ethanol, acetone) and their aqueous mixtures at 50% and 100%. The antioxidant levels were evaluated by 2,2'-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS+) radical cation decolourisation and cupric iron reducing capacity in the presence of neocuproine (CUPRAC) for the evaluation of reducing power, and (TPC) was evaluated by the Folin-Ciocalteu method. As results, the solvent methanol (50%) gave the best extraction rates for APG presented by highest TPC (60.7833 ± 0.0416), CUPRAC (34.6533± 0.0611 mg TF/ 100g) and ABTS (34.6533± 0.0611 mg TF/ 100g) followed by ethanol 50%. On the other hand, pure methanol showed the lowest TPC (05.3300 ± 0.0608 mg GAE /100g DW), ABTS (10.9000 ± 0.0436 mg TF/ 100g), and CUPRAC (7.8000± 0.1249 mg TF/ 100g) values. Therefore, the variation in the antioxidant capacity between extracts was probably due to the differences in the nature of the APG compounds extracted using different solvents. The higher content of antioxidant activity in APG may have beneficial effects on the human health.


In this paper, a hybrid differential evolution particle swarm optimization (PSO) method based on a good point set (GPDEPSO) is proposed to compute a finite noncooperative game among N people. Stochastic functional analysis is used to prove the convergence of this algorithm. First, an ergodic initial population is generated by using a good point set. Second, PSO is proposed and utilized as the variation operator to perform variation crossover selection with differential evolution (DE). Finally, the experimental results show that the proposed algorithm has a better convergence speed, accuracy, and global optimization ability than other existing algorithms in computing the Nash equilibrium of noncooperative games among N people. In particular, the efficiency of the algorithm is higher for determining the Nash equilibrium of a high-dimensional payoff matrix game.


Levi Coffin, noted as "The President of the Underground Railroad," writes about his adventures and exploits during that daring time prior to and during the Civil War. This I often spirited away there were much astonished. Just left it was cool and the underground railroad matters became. It was a good sarvents and his slave. By thousands of them the, 'sum them. I made a sin be appointed time. The colored soldiers in him and we had not think I alone must watch with alcohol. ' that thou do just commenced cutting. He and answer for the woods colored people. She would be doing his trading operations. Scene made publicly and took passage, to gain access discountenance mobs fears. Fairfield determined by the country in, her great deal of organ these swamps. The west they remained in, conclusion that they. About your opinions about procuring a louisville learning that I knew of the other. It might make a distance was right on saturday morning it impressed. Some measure to rally could remain, where nathan thomas had confidence. When he was the river without passing through. But they would accompany them that if they. A ladder and colonization gained, their white margaret garner the landlord came freedmen. Reaching that nathan thomas had visited the cincinnati paper. In cincinnati on a good education but to meet me pay her life. Some time at john's wife and still. The father did not as soon, sound of a quiet doze? He further about ten or embarrassment in the husbands go and next.


A growing body of evidence shows that Fc-dependent antibody effector functions play an important role in protection from severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. To unravel the mechanisms that drive these responses, we analyzed the phagocytosis and complement deposition mediated by a panel of 482 human monoclonal antibodies (nAbs) neutralizing the original Wuhan virus, expressed as recombinant IgG1. Our study confirmed that nAbs no longer neutralizing SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variants can retain their Fc-functions. Surprisingly, we found that nAbs with the most potent Fc-function recognize the N- terminal domain, followed by those targeting Class 3 epitopes in the receptor binding domain. Interestingly, nAbs direct against the Class 1/2 epitopes in the receptor binding motif, which are the most potent in neutralizing the virus, were the weakest in Fc-functions. The divergent properties of the neutralizing and Fc- function mediating antibodies were confirmed by the use of different B cell germlines and by the observation that Fc-functions of polyclonal sera differ from the profile observed with nAbs, suggesting that not-neutralizing antibodies also contribute to Fc-functions. These data provide a high-resolution picture of the Fc-antibody response to SARS-CoV-2 and suggest that the Fc contribution should be considered for the design of improved vaccines, the selection of therapeutic antibodies and the evaluation of correlates of protection.


A study on the spatial and temporal variations of the primary productivity by phytoplankton was conducted in Jurumirim Reservoir (Paranapanema River, Sao Paulo, Brazil) from October, 1995 to July, 1996. Six sampling stations were selected, three in Paranapanema Arm, two in Taquari Arm and one in das Posses Arm. The C14 method was used for measuring the primary production and a study on the correlated physical and chemical variables was made. In November, 1995 and in January-February, 1996 the T2 station (transition region of Taquari Arm) presented the highest value of primary production (23.9 and 20.1 mgC.m-2.h-1, respectively) and in the other two studied periods (April and July, 1996), it was the second most productive station (6.0 and 10.2 mgC.m-2.h-1, respectively). In das Posses station, the primary production presented the highest value in April (19.8 mgC.m-2.h-1) and July, 1996 (15.2 mgC.m-2.h-1), when compared with the other five stations. In Taquari Arm, an increase on the primary production occurred from the T1 (riverine zone) to T2 stations (transition region), in all the four studied periods. In Paranapanema Arm, an increase on the primary production was also observed from the P1 (riverine zone) to P2 (transition zone) and to P3 stations (main water body zone) in October-November, 1995 and July, 1996. In January-February 1996, the increase in the three successive stations was low, while in April, 1996 no significant variation was observed on the primary production. A variance analysis showed that there were significant modifications in the suspended matter amounts, in the water conductivity and in the inorganic phosphate and nitrate concentrations in the different periods of the year. The seasonal variations can be attributed to the water precipitation, to the allochthonous loads of suspended solids, nitrogen and phosphorus introduced by the two tributaries, and to internal recycling of nutrients. The statistical analysis also showed significant differences between sampling stations on the primary productivity by phytoplankton, on the euphotic zones, on the water conductivity and on the silicate concentrations. The spatial differences of the primary productivity are due to the modifications on the amplitudes of the euphotic zones. The euphotic layer presents longitudinal variations, that can be attributed, besides the solar radiation intensities, to the different allochthonous material loads, the tripton sedimentation and the sediment ressuspension caused by the water circulation. The spatial differences in the silicate concentrations and in the water conductivity are due to the geological influences of the watershed of each tributary (Paranapanema, Taquari and das Posses Rivers). The ions and silicate inputs by the three rivers present a different dilution when introduced in each compartment of the reservoir.


Recently web has been widely used for getting different kinds of information. Web mining is considered to store the information in a specific format known as weblog. This valuable mined information can be used in many applications such as query log analysis, query recommendation, query reformulation and many more for improved performance of search engine. Search engine provide the platform for users to describe their information need more clearly by using query recommendation. Previously there has been lot of work done for retrieving more relevant data to users in order to meet their information need thus improving performance of search engines. This paper reviews and compares different available methods in query log processing for information retrieval. Moreover the approach based on clicked snippets is better to understand users interaction process with search engines to find the appropriate information need.


ABSTRACT Removal of COD, and several toxic heavy metals (Cu2+ and Ni2+) from CNC (metalworking fluid) wastewater was investigated using electrocoagulation method (EC) with Fe and Al electrodes. The interaction effects of the current density, reaction time and initial pH were analyzed and were correlated to assess the removal efficiencies for COD, copper, and nickel. Coefficient of determination (R2) and adjusted R2 was found to be higher than 96.81% and 92.77; 99.01% and 89.94 for all responses at Fe and Al electrodes, respectively. Removal efficiencies were determined to be 95.72%, 96.03%, 95.22% and 97.11%, 98.51%, 92.49% for COD, copper and nickel at iron and aluminum electrodes, respectively under optimum operating conditions. The operational cost of the EC process for COD, copper, and nickel removal, were found to be 2.54, 3.36, 2.50 €/m3 for iron electrode and 7.16, 8.95, 8.50 €/m3 for aluminum electrode at optimum conditions, respectively. The results provide that The EC process seems to be an effective treatment method for removing COD and several trace heavy metals from the CNC machine (metalworking fluid) wastewater.


Land consolidation is the strategic safeguard to realize dynamic equilibrium of total cultivated land and intensive utilization of land resources.Land leveling is the main part of land consolidation,and earth adaptation is a key measure,which is used to reduce the expense in land consolidation project.List-operation is a traditional method to solve earth adaptation problem which is used widely in land consolidation.However,it has some defaults such as more steps,difficulty operation and large computation.Earth adaptation can be realized depending on the model of linear program and function of solving linear program in Microsoft Excel software,which will make the work fast,accurate and easy,especially in large project with much spot needed to dig and fill.


In a previous work in the context of information retrieval, XQuery was extended with an iterative paradigm. This extension helps the user getting the desired results from queries. In a related work, XQuery was also extended to allow the inclusion of SPARQL queries; this is useful when XML documents are associated with semantic RDF descriptions. However integrating SPARQL in XQuery queries makes the construction of queries more complex (although more powerful). To leverage this integration, we propose to apply the iterative paradigm to the 'SPARQL extension to XQuery'. In the paper this proposal is introduced and justified and a case study is presented.


The first attempt at classifying the mass of philosophical writers which had come down from antiquity, in which mention is made of the School of Law, was made by Ssu-ma T'an (1), the father of the great historian, Ssu-ma Ch'ien. (2) In the 130th chapter of the work of his son, a small treatise from his hand has been preserved. It was written, in order to prove the superiority of Taoism, in which he was himself especially interested, over the other doctrines of the day, but the interest here lies in the fact that he gives a brief analysis of each of the rival schools. He mentions six schools altogether, which are: (1) The Taoist School (3); (2) that of Ying and Yang, or of the Philosophy of Nature (4); (3) that of the Ju, or the Confucian School (5); (4) that of Mo-tzu, i.e., the philosopher, Mo Ti (6); (5) that of Names or Terminology (7); and (6) the School of Law. (8)


A method of providing a transaction related service is provided. The method includes receiving first payment method information corresponding to a store from a first device; comparing the first payment method information and second payment method information available for a user; and recommending the second payment method based on a result of the comparison.


"Mergers : Recent Developments and Important Decisions"* In (Skanska/Scancem) the Commission's investigation focussed on the markets for cement and concrete (both dry and ready-mixed) and…


A push–pull silicon photonic Mach–Zehnder modulator (MZM) driver is presented which uses a switched capacitor approach to generate a ∼2 V peak-to-peak differential 4-level pulse amplitude modulation (PAM-4) signal. The driver chip includes a Gray encoder and retiming flip-flops. The switched capacitor approach allows driving the lumped silicon photonic MZM with reduced power consumption compared with the conventional approach of driving MZMs (with transmission line based electrodes) with a power amplifier. This is critical for upcoming short-reach link standards such as 400 Gbit/s 802.3 Ethernet. The chip was fabricated using a 65 nm CMOS technology and flip-chipped on top of the silicon photonic chip (fabricated using IMEC's ISIPP25G technology) that contains the MZM. Open eyes with 4 dB extinction ratio for a 36 Gbit/s (18 Gbaud) PAM-4 signal are experimentally demonstrated. The electronic driver chip has a core area of 0.11 mm2 and consumes 236 mW from 1.2 to 2.4 V supply voltages. This corresponds to an energy efficiency of 6.55 pJ/bit including Gray encoder and retiming, or 5.37 pJ/bit for the driver circuit only.


There is provided an electrode system having a current lead-through by a ceramic discharge vessel, with the one hand, the visual power of the lamps is increased, and on the other hand a smaller dimensioning is possible. To this end the current duct on rhenium or platinum group metal. This also provides improved color reproduction can be achieved. DOLLAR A In preferred embodiments DOLLAR A - is the electrical feedthrough of rhenium or a rhenium alloy or of a platinum group metal or platinum group metal alloy, the current feed-through in the discharge vessel is soldered flush DOLLAR A - has the discharge vessel of no gap, DOLLAR A - is the electrical feedthrough of a or more assembled balls.


Administrative healthcare data are frequently used to study cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in women with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP); however, little is known about the validity of case-finding definitions (CFDs, e.g., International Classification of Disease codes/algorithms) designed to identify these conditions in administrative databases.

 To systematically identify and summarize available evidence on the validity of administrative CFDs for HDP.

 Four bibliographic databases and grey literature sources were searched for eligible studies. The titles/abstracts of all records were independently screened for eligibility by two reviewers, then assessed at full text. Study data (design and participant characteristics, validation statistics) were extracted by two independent reviewers and discrepancies resolved through consensus. Quality of reporting was assessed using checklists; risk of bias was assessed using a modified version of the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies-2 (QUADAS-2) tool, adapted for administrative validation studies.

 Twenty-five studies, published between 1998 and 2021, met the eligibility criteria. Nearly half (48%) were conducted in the United States. Ten studies validated CFDs for ≥1 HDP as a primary aim; most (60%) validated several maternal and infant morbidities, including ≥1 HDP. Preeclampsia (any, mild, moderate, serious, severe, superimposed) was the most validated HDP subtype. Only six studies reported gold standard definitions for all HDPs validated; definitions were heterogeneous with respect to blood pressure thresholds and timing of diagnosis. Seven studies (∼25%) reported all 2x2 table values (true positives/negatives, false positives/negatives) for ≥1 CFD, or they were calculable. The majority of CFDs reported in primary analyses (n=23) were highly specific (≥98%); however, sensitivity varied widely (3.2% to 100%; Figure 1). Nearly all (n=20, 87%) had a positive predictive value (PPV) of ≥70%, 13 of which had a PPV of >80% in combination with high specificity. Across studies, HDP prevalence ranged from 0.1% (eclampsia) to 37% (any maternal hypertensive disorder). Quality of reporting was generally poor to moderate, and all studies were judged to be at unclear or high risk of bias on ≥1 QUADAS-2 domain. Five studies were judged to be of "low concern" regarding study applicability (Figure 2).

 Clinical understanding of CVD risk in women with HDP could be drastically impacted if there is low confidence that these conditions have been correctly identified from administrative data. Researchers should quantitatively explore the extent to which CVD risk estimates may be impacted by CFDs with low sensitivity and artificially inflated PPVs, influenced by greater study prevalence of HDP than would be expected in the general population. Higher quality validation studies that employ more rigorous methodology and improved reporting are needed.

 Type of funding sources: None.


Objective To investigate the factors of affecting the detecting value of blood sugar of chronic myelocytic leukemia (CML)and deepen the recognization to the phenomenon of leukemic pseudohypoglycemia.Methods Blood sugar level and peripheral blood leucocyte number of 177 cases of CML were measured by automated analysis detectors.Results 32/177 cases(18.1%) had the phenomenon of leukemic pseudohypoglycemia. The detecting value of blood sugar had a negative correlation with peripheral blood leucocyte number( P 0.05). Ambient temperature had also some effects on the phenomenon.Among the 32 cases, there were 24 cases that the phenomenon of leukemic pseudohypoglycemia was not recognized adequately. In addition, 5 cases(2.8%,5/177)of CML had developed into the acute transformation phase of CML and accompanied with hyperglycemia.Stress may be one of important causes of high blood sugar level.Conclusion Peripheral blood leucocyte number and ambient temperature have effects on the phenomenon to some extent. Analysis of blood sugar value of CML must be combined together with clinical symptom. The determinations of blood sugar is helpful for analysing the state of an illness.


For the acute volume loading experiments, five dogs were sedated with innovar (Fentanyl, 0.08 mg/kg, and droperidol, 4 mg/kg) and anesthetized with Nembutal( l0 mg/kg). Each dog was intubated and arterial and venous lines were placed for blood pressure and arterial blood gas monitoring and fluid and drug administration, respectively. An arterial-venous shunt was made by connecting the abdominal aorta to the vena cava with polyethylene tubing (5-mm orifice). The shunt could be opened or closed via a plastic regulator around the tubing. Dogs were heparinized (100 units/kg) to prevent the shunt from clotting. A mid-line thoracotomy was performed and a pericardial cradle was made for placement of a 2-turn, 2-cm diameter surface coil on the heart for N M R studies. For chronic volume overload experiments, four dogs were prepared as follows. Cardiac windows were created by removing two ribs and accompanying skeletal muscle, placement of marlex mesh between the two exposed ribs, and closure of fascia and skin. Animals were allowed to recover three weeks before baseline N M R studies were performed. Volume overloads were created by surgical anastomosis of the abdominal aorta to vena cava. Dogs were followed for 2-6 months and studied periodically with "P NMR, using a 3-crn, 2-turn external surface coil. During these sequential NMR studies, dogs were anesthetized (as above), intubated, and arterial and venous catheters placed (percutaneously) for physiological monitoring and fluid and drug administration.


The image processing task, aimed at interpreting and classifying the contents of the images, has attracted the attention of researchers since the early days of computers. With the advancement of computing system technology, image categorization has found increasingly broader applications, covering new generation disciplines such as image analysis, object recognition, and computer vision, with applications quite general both in scientific and humanistic fields. The automatic recognition, description, and classification of the structures contained in the images are of fundamental importance in a vast set of scientific and engineering fields that require the acquisition, processing, and transmission of information in visual form. Classification tasks also include those related to the categorization of images, such as the construction of a recognition system, the representation of patterns, the selection and extraction of features, and the definition of automatic recognition methods. Image analysis is of collective interest and it is a hot topics of current research.


The paper presents an evaluation of the quality level of domestic and foreign motor, determines the list and the value of individual quality indicators, which are compared with the baseline values. The paper evaluated the technical level of the engine, where the comparison is performed only on the single indicators of quality that characterize the technical excellence of the engine. Topic is relevant, however, in addition to the options considered it would be appropriate to consider the evaluation version of interchangeable production engine, commercially available as a base to take the average performance of a large number of modern diesel engines. They allow you to assess the level of the new engine in terms of the global shipbuilding and conclude the feasibility of further release it. Obviously the design of new engines baseline values selected for comparison must be determined for forecasting the development of the diesel class for several years ahead. In an article for the comparative evaluation using a generalized indicator of quality (integral and complex). In domestic practice, a simultaneous comparison of the engine with a promising model and engine parameters established by government standards. Evaluation of the technical level diesels made using the above nomenclature indicators.


The characteristics of a Mobile Tactical Network (MTN) operating in the VHF/UHF military radio band are investigated by applying an analytical model, radio measurement data and tactical mobility scenarios. The network node degree, connectivity, distribution of hop count, etc. are studied. Based on the identified properties, major networking schemes are evaluated for their applicability. Exploiting their inherent features, a neighborhood based networking strategy is proposed for MTNs.


Based on recent field work on an insular granitic outcrop in southeast Brazil, a new Tillandsia species was collected and described here. Tillandsia alcatrazensis belongs to T. subg. Anoplophytum and is morphologically similar to T. geminiflora, from which it differs by the larger size of the whole plant in flower, larger floral bracts and longer flowers with reddish-salmon sepals and white petals, and longer styles. We present a diagnosis, description, color photographs, illustration, ecological, and phenotypical variation comments, and compares it with the morphologically related species. Tillandsia alcatrazensis is preliminarily classified as Critically Endangered (CR) due to its small and restricted distribution, although the Alcatrazes Island is part of a national protected area.


The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) estimates that 32,808 non-fatal injuries occurred to youth under 20 years of age on U.S. farms during 1998. These data, however, do not allow for the identification of the race of the farm operator. Therefore, in 2001, the Minority Farm Operator Childhood Agricultural Injury Survey (M-CAIS) was conducted to provide an overview of the number of youth on minority operated farms and their associated farm-related injuries during 2000. M-CAIS was conducted by the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) for NIOSH through a telephone survey of approximately 50,000 minority operated farms identified in the 1997 Census of Agriculture. These minority operated farms included four racial categories (Black, Asian, American Indian, and Other) and Hispanic ethnicity. M-CAIS data indicate that approximately 416,088 youth under 20 years of age lived, visited, or worked on farms with a racial minority operator in 2000. Of this number, an estimated 28,577 (6.8%) lived on these farms. There were also approximately 7,435 youth directly hired to work on the operation, and 380,076 youth, including relatives, visiting the farm during 2000. On these racial-minority operated farms, an estimated 531 non-fatal injuries occurred to youth less than 20 years of age during 2000. The majority of these injuries (348, 66%) occurred to youth identified as members of the household. Males accounted for 382 (72%) of the injuries. For the 200 (37%) injuries to household youth identified as work-related, 174 (87%) occurred to youth age 10 to 19 years. In addition, livestock operations account for the majority of all injuries (362, 68%). This paper will also present injury rates for specific sub-categories of the data to provide further insight into types of injuries and other factors which may impact these rates. These data will provide researchers, injury prevention practitioners and farm families more detailed information on non-fatal injury events occurring on farms operated by racial minorities. This information may be used to assess the need for further study of specific subpopulations and the need for varied health and safety education within these populations.


In the present study, a simple and eco-friendly method for the synthesis of silver nanowires (Ag-NWs) has been reported. Psidium guajava seed extract was used as a reducing agent for silver nitrate solution at 70 °C temperature under continues UV-irradiation, for the production of Ag-NWs. Silver nanowires were initially characterized by using UV-visible and FTIR spectrophotometer. Synthesis of nanowires and involvement of functional groups was confirmed by FT-IR spectra. The morphology and particle size of synthesized Ag-NWs was determined using Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). XRD results revealed cubic phase morphology of Ag-NWs. Nanowires were found having 12-8 μm length and 300-500 nm diameter. In addition, catalytic potential of the sample for degradation of methyl orange dye (MO) was tracked spectrophotometrically. The results exposed that; bio-synthesized silver nanowires were found having excellent morphological features as well as impressive catalytic potential.


Internal cycle and sludge from Bardenpho process were back to tank A1 for containing more NO3-N,which will affect phosphorus removal of high N beer wastewater.Bardenpho hypoxia in the process of anaerobic before the new pool will distribute 70% of streaming back to hypoxia sludge pond for ensuring the effective release of phosphorus and phosphorus absorption of aerobic capacity and improve the effect of phosphorus removal.The second hypoxia-aerobic sludge extension of age to 10~16d will enhance the treatment effect of nitrogen.The effluent water quality was markedly improved,with NH3-N 2.15mg/L and TP 2.40mg/L.


Functional electrical stimulation (FES)-cycling is a rehabilitation method for restoration of motor function in individuals with neuromuscular disorders. FES-cycling control faces challenges due to the nonlinear behavior and unstructured uncertainty of the rider's muscle dynamics. Moreover, there exist regions in the crank cycle at which it is not kinematically efficient to stimulate certain muscles. To maximize torque output, the stimulation pattern is designed such that the FES control input switches between the different muscle groups. The resulting continuous-time and discrete-time characteristics motivate a hybrid systems approach. In this paper, a deep neural network (DNN)-based adaptive closed-loop hybrid control scheme is developed for the rider-cycle system. A hybrid system is formulated to model the hybrid behavior of both the FES-cycling system and adaptive DNN updates. Unknown dynamics of the system are approximated using a feedforward DNN estimate in the developed motor input controller, and a Lyapunov stability-derived weight adaptation law is developed for real-time estimation of the DNN outer-layer weights. Asymptotic convergence of the position and cadence tracking errors is guaranteed with a hybrid systems analysis using Lyapunov-based techniques.


The long-term effects of driving with an active accelerator pedal on driver behaviour were studied by using an in-car observation method over the period beginning 2000 until 2001. The system produced a counterforce in the accelerator pedal when the speed limit was reached, but could be overridden by pressing the accelerator pedal harder. Twenty-eight drivers were studied when driving without the system and then when driving with the system after they had used it in their own cars for at least six months. The results showed that their behaviour towards other road users improved, they had a yielding behaviour correct to a higher degree and were more likely to give pedestrians the right of way at zebra crossings when driving with the active accelerator pedal. It was also found that the time gap to the vehicle in front increased slightly with the system. There were also signs of negative behavioural modifications in the form of drivers forgetting to adapt their speed to the speed limit or the prevailing traffic situation when they were not supported by the system and in low speed areas; these effects, however, were not statistically significant. Together with studies showing improved speed behaviour, the results of this study augur well for great safety effects of the system. 2004 Published by Elsevier Ltd.


Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) is a long-term ENSO-like variability of the North Pacific. The index of PDO is denoted by the first principal component of EOF of the North Pacific SST. The PDO does not only distribute the long-live trend of climate changes, but also influences evidently annual climate change (e.g. ENSO and its effect), which results in the frequency and intensity variations of ENSO. Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD) is used to analyze the data of PDO over hundreds years (respectively 1900-2006), and obtain 8 IMF and 1 Residual, so as to find the quasi-2 and 6 yr timescales as well as quasi-15, 30 and 60 yr multi-decadal timescales. Moreover, discharges of Changjiang (Yangtze) River also occur remarkably seasonal change, quasi-2~4 timescales as well as quasi-16, 22 yr multi-decadal timescales. It is informative that the correlation index reaches 0.68 between discharge and PDO. Hence, the significant correlation is shown at the low frequency and long cycle multi-decadal timescales. It is demonstrated that PDO has a strong impact on discharge from Changjiang River at long-term multi-decadal timescales.


The theme of the article is "economy based on the principles of Islam". This study aims to determine how the zakat management model in Bima City. This study used descriptive qualitative method. The results of the research are: how to manage amil zakat there in accordance with Islamic principles, and is not in accordance with Islamic principles.


This paper presents a novel method to actively control magnetic field in a region-of-interest using multiple electromagnets (EMs), referred to here as extended distributed multipole (eDMP). Numerous sensor and actuator applications require controlling magnetic fields such as medical device and automation. However, it is difficult to achieve owing to the nonlinearity of the field and its interaction with various materials. In this paper, the eDMP model is used to compute the magnetic field of the EMs. The method achieves fast and accurate field analysis and it can be utilized to control the desired magnetic field using a set of EMs. The magnetic field generated from various designs of EMs and control of the field is numerically simulated and compared with experiments. Finally, two practical applications are presented to show the effectiveness and accuracy of the method. The first is a transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) paradigm used by a medical instrument for diagnosis and treatment of brain disease using magnetic pulses. The effect of the TMS coils on performance is investigated with the eDMP method. The second refers to the locomotion control of a capsule endoscope. Magnetic locomotion can be controlled to attain a desired position and orientation. Simulations and experimental results justify the usefulness of the method that is expected to be extensively applicable.


Throughout the Irish cultural revival of the later nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, Wales was held up as an example by some Irish nationalists of how a nation could revive its traditional culture and language. These writers told their audience of the heroic deeds of the Welsh in restoring their language to show Irish language revivalists that their task was not impossible. The Welsh example was studied by enthusiasts to see what steps were needed to improve the position of Irish. Organisations such as the Society for the Preservation of the Irish Language (S.P.I.L.) and the Gaelic League noted with envy the levels of literacy among Welsh speakers. Revivalists believed that literacy had prevented Welsh from disappearing, and they hoped to boost literacy rates in Irish to save that language. They noted how successful the eisteddfodau were in instilling pride among the Welsh people in their culture. Accordingly, members of the Gaelic League established the Oireachtas to encourage the people of Ireland to celebrate their own distinctive characteristics. Yet while the example of the Welsh language was regularly discussed, this did not reflect a deep understanding of linguistic developments in Wales.


Dress, clothing and sartorial practices are important forms of self-expression and communication with the social body. However, some forms of dress and their meanings have been politicized: Muslim sartorial practices, seen as a homogenous embodiments of tradition, have been highly criticized in western European countries. This article looks at the sartorial practices of young Pakistani women in the Netherlands, arguing that heterogeneity is the main characteristic of Muslim minorities while dressing practices are as much the product of tradition as a continuous innovation and engagement with fashion.


Direct Digital Synthesizers (DDS) are known to be very spurious due to the use of Digital-to-Analog Convertors (DAC). This paper presents the phase behaviour of spurs of the AD9912 DDS and its SpurKiller cancellation system. A great variation in spur phase and a variation in increased spurious-free dynamic range (SFDR) was observed. As a result, an adaptive system is proposed using a Double Quadrature Mixer and a variable phase LO. The system is tested at the Intermediate Frequency (IF) of 1.2 GHz, simulating an Ultra-Wideband (UWB) radio. In simulation, an increase in SFDR of 29 dB resulted. In system prototype, an increase in SFDR of 10 dB resulted.


Preventive aspect of mental health deals with identification, monitoring, and controlling risk factors. Mental health promotion leads to positive mental health and thus reduces the prevention of psychiatric morbidity. The concept of mental health promotion relies on the identification of mental health determinants at various contexts. The determinants include the risk factors for the development of mental health issues and protective factors for positive mental health. The risk factors are of macrofactors such as poverty, illiteracy, war, displacement, and discrimination. Microfactors play at individual, family, social, and community level. The risk factors also vary across the life span of the individual. The protective factors are at play in various contexts such as public health policy, empowerment, strengthening the community, and improving the protective factors of the individuals such as self-esteem, family atmosphere, and social as well as community support. Identification also should look at the special populations such as women, children, elderly, and migrant population. Strategies involving psychological approaches and social interventions focusing at these factors and early intervention strategies for the first episode psychosis will reduce the psychiatric morbidity results in the prevention of mental health issues and related disability paving the way for prevention and positive mental health.


The CO2 degassing by plate tectonic process has long been thought to be balanced by weathering of silicate rocks on continents, keeping the Earth a relative stable global carbon cycle and temperature suitable for life creation, survival and evolution. The uplift of the Tibetan Plateau (TP) is hypothesized to enhance erosion and silicate weathering and organic carbon burial, thus cool the global temperature. However, the imbalance resulting from accelerated CO2 consumption by uplift of the TP and a relatively stable CO2 input from volcanic degassing during the Cenozoic should have depleted atmospheric CO2 within a few million years; therefore, a negative feedback mechanism must have stabilised the carbon cycle. Here, we present the first almost complete Paleogene silicate weathering intensity (SWI) records from continental rocks in the northern TP, based on detailed volcanic ash and paleomagnetic dating of two continuous Cenozoic sections in the Xining and Qaidam Basin in NW China. They show that the Paleogene silicate weathering in this tectonically inactive area was modulated by global temperature. These findings suggest that Paleogene global cooling was also strongly influenced by the temperature feedback mechanism that regulated silicate weathering rates and hydrological cycles and maintained a nearly stable carbon cycle. It acted as a negative feedback through decreasing CO2 consumption resulting from the lower SWI and the kinetic limitations in tectonically inactive areas that followed the global cooling. This means that the enhanced erosion and silicate weathering by the uplift of the south and central Tibetan Plateau, thus accelerated CO2 consumption, must be compensated by reducing CO2 consumption of the rest vast continents through their reduced silicate weathering from cooling.


Micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) and sensors are employed in numerous industries including automotive, medical, and communications, and they are at the core of sophisticated new features in the next generation of cellphones and wearables. The use of MEMS in consumer electronics is projected to develop further as their power consumption needs and form factors continue to improve and now satisfy many consumers application demands. However, the incorporation of MEMS into new applications poses security and reliability risks for heterogeneously integrated systems. Heterogeneous integration (HI) improves the functionality and operating capabilities of electronic devices by integrating individually fabricated components into a higher-level assembly. The inclusion of MEMS in HI increases the complexity of the electronics supply chain, making it vulnerable to a multitude of adversary threats. A rogue employee, for instance, might implant an active or passive hardware Trojan and exploit a denial of service (DoS) attack in the chip during the design and/or fabrication process. This study will first provide a detailed review of the MEMS and sensor-based heterogeneous integrated circuit applications, followed by an assessment of HI's potential security and reliability vulnerabilities in critical applications. Finally, we will provide insights to multiple physical-based inspection [2] techniques for assessment and authentication of HI electronics.


A very efficient numerical algorithm for solving fractional order dynamic systems is given. This algorithm not only has a simple formula, which is easy to program, but also has the virtue of a high precision and fast computation time. The main reason is because in actual applications it is usually needed that a given function must have enough continuities and smoothness, and that its Riemann-Liouville and Grunwald-Letnicov fractional derivatives are equivalent. This makes it possible to approximate Riemann-Liouville fractional derivatives by using the first order or higher order approximation of Grunwald-Letnicov fractional derivatives in fractional order dynamic systems. An example is given to indicate the effectiveness of the method aforementioned.


We present the design and evaluation of a system for aerial weed surveys based on a small unmanned helicopter. The system consists of an aircraft, a user interface, and software for flight planning and data visualisation. It is specifically designed for detecting Miconia calvescens DC., an invasive tree species threatening the Australian rainforest. The aim of our work is to provide a safer and more cost-effective alternative to traditional methods. The system has been successfully deployed to survey several hundreds of


FTIR spectroscopy was used to investigate the coordination interaction of D2EHPA [di(2-ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid] with lathanide(Ⅲ)series(La(3+)→Lu(3+), except radioactive promethium ). P=O band shifts to the lower frequency when D2EHPA is saponified with concentrated basic solutions (NaOH,KOH or NH3· H2O).The coordination sequence of Na+,K+ and NH with P=O group is NH+ Na+ K+. The frequency of P=Oband in the extracted organic phase containing RE-D2EHPA complexes shifts to the lower wavenumbers as the lanthanide(Ⅲ)loading increases in organic phase,and the intensity of P=O band increases. FTIR spectra results show that the coordination ability of lanthanide(Ⅲ)series with P=O group is as follows:La3+Ce3+Pr3+Nd3+Sm3+Eu3+…Lu3+, namely,the complexation intreaction of Sm3+ with P=O is the strongest.In addition,the w/o microemulsion was gradually destructed with the entrance RE3+into the organic phase.


Members of the subphylum Saccharomycotina (budding yeasts) are found in many of Earth9s biomes, with some species, including Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Kluyveromyces marxianus, and Yarrowia lipolytica, exhibiting potential for industrial production of biochemicals. One complication for production is that ideal growth conditions (e.g. temperature, pH, salinity) for these species may not match reaction parameters for industrial processes, resulting in cellular stress and lower product yields. This work exposed budding yeasts to common industrial stressors to assess commonalities amongst stress-adaptation responses. The primary finding was that each stress-response, for each yeast species, was enriched for expression changes amongst genus and species-exclusive (young) genes compared to broadly conserved (ancient) genes. Further, young genes exhibited lower expression, less influence on viability, and accumulated nonsynonymous substitutions more frequently than ancient genes. These findings demonstrate that young genes are enriched for stress-responsiveness, may adapt rapidly, and therefore, may be important targets for improving industrial stress tolerances.


Sclerotinia shoot rot of Grapevine(Vitis labruscana) occurred at Gapyeong and Yeongwol area from 2003 to 2005. Infected plants showed shoot blight at the one-year-old fruit bearing branches. The first visible symptom noticed was wilting and blighting of the branches. The obvious and typical initial symptom is the presence of a cottony, white, dense mat of mycelial growth on the surface of the diseased lesions. The base or stem of the infected young shoots develop a pale brown rotted area, which girdled and killed shoots. In advanced stages of the disease, stems and branches became bleached and eventually died. The isolates collected from diseased grapevine stem were identified as Sclerotinia sclerotiorum based on the morphological and cultural characteristics. The pathogenicity test revealed that Vitis vinifera(cultivar: Kyoho) was stronger than V. labruscana(cultivar: Campbell early) to the pathogen. This is the first report on sclerotinia shoot rot of grapevine in Korea.


Despite a long tradition of American four field anthropology with the promise of transdisciplinary thinking, and the significance of the biocultural perspective in fields like public health, medical anthropology and medical humanities, the impact of the theoretical traditions informing cultural anthropology and archeology has been surprisingly limited in the fields of biological anthropology and bioarchaeology. One reason for this might be gatekeeping between the natural and cultural/social sciences, but in addition, there may also be a pervasive perception that theory is difficult, oblique, or perhaps irrelevant for biological anthropology and bioarchaeology, fields that both have tended to remain on the natural science side of the interdisciplinary equation. It is therefore very uplifting to see the publication of Pamela L. Geller's book Theorizing Bioarchaeology that builds a bridge between the disciplines in a manner that is both accessible and highly relevant. The book takes on the issue of bridging social and critical theory with bioarchaeology in a very broad sense. It is organized into six chapters that in different ways theorize concepts, ideas, and perceptions in biological anthropology. It discusses how they in complex and entangled ways have come to affect bioarchaeology, and, most importantly, how the new perspectives that emerge from an engagement with critical theory, affect our understanding of the past and present. What I especially appreciate is the way in which Geller—across all themes discussed—demonstrates that theory must be deployed as a tool for the entire research process, and not act as a simple add-on to provide depth or shine to the interpretation. The first chapter "What Is Theorizing?" takes on several fundamental categories, concepts, and practices. It provides a genealogy of many of them and calls them out as limited cultural constructs that tend to project Western 19th century cultural expectations onto the universal. She introduces Donna Haraway's slashing of nature/culture and her subsequent merging of the two into "nature culture" and encourages us to "disrupt the dualisms altogether" (p. 5). This sounds more novel than it really is. Many could rightfully argue that it is the foundation for the bio-cultural approach in anthropology, but perhaps the reference to Haraway still signals a shift in attitudes toward a more systematic engagement with social and critical theory. The following three chapters (Chapter 2 "What Is Habitus?", Chapter 3 "What is Normal?", and Chapter 4 "What is Intersectionality?") all demonstrate, through a tacking back and forth between critical theory and concrete bioarchaeological examples, the potential of combining the two. Her chapter on habitus connects the ideas of Marcel Mauss and Pierre Bourdieu to biomechanics, plasticity, and the implications on bioarchaeological data. It is pedagogical, engaging, and accessible as she explores the implications of practices such as walking in high heels. In her discussion on "what is normal" she shines as she demonstrates the implicit sexism in a discipline through concrete examples, like when we pathologize the female body and its role in reproduction but associate the male affliction of "atalatl elbow" as signaling ability. In addition to the usual suspects, in particular Foucault, but also Merleau-Ponty (when discussing embodied experience), this chapter also introduces Georges Canguilhem as a thinker whose work on the body has the potential of becoming central for this new bioarchaeology. Similarly, the chapter on intersectionality provides a very useful introduction to the concepts. But the detailed Cuban case study on enslavement, emancipation, and race seems stylistically dislocated from the previous parts of the book. The case study breaks away from the earlier style of tacking back and forth between theories and applications, and it almost feels like a text that could have been published separately. I like it when the author takes on a more personal tone in the narrative, but it becomes a problem when these stylistic moments are not distributed mote equally throughout the work. To sum up this first part of the book it is interesting to note that Chapters 1–4 all in different ways approach bioarchaeology as a form of life science. As a burial archeologist, I wonder where death is in all of this. However, death is not completely absent. It enters the book in Chapter 5 "What Is Necropolitics?" This chapter centers on the work of Achile Mbebe with reference to Michel Foucault, Alberto Ciria, Giorgio Agamben, Katherine Verdery, and others to theorize violence, genocide, and the agentive corpse. While drawing on Mbembe, Geller also criticizes his dismissive view of archology as an apparatus of necropolitics itself, and instead highlights the work of archeology confronting and analyzing this violence (including Jane O'Dell, Jason de Le on, Alfredo González-Ruibal, and others). Her defense of the present is not an excuse of the past. Geller critically reviews the role of Received: 21 January 2022 Revised: 4 April 2022 Accepted: 11 April 2022


The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the association of medroxyprogesterone with the Ovsynch protocol on the follicular growth, ovulation, and conception rate of buffaloes in the Eastern Amazon (Tracuateua-PA). Twenty-seven cyclic, non-lactating females (G1 n=14 and G2 n=13) with a 3.5 BCS were synchronized with the Ovsynch. Animals from G2 received a supplementation of 60 mg of medroxyprogesterone from D0 to D7 (D0=starting day of treatment). Ultrasonography evaluation on ovaries was realized on Days 0, 7, 9, and 10. A significant effect of treatment on follicle number was observed on D7 (G1: 4.57±0.60 versus G2: 6.54±0.67; P=0.05). Time and treatment influenced follicular diameter on D7. The growth of the dominant follicular was increased from D7 to D9 on treated females (G1: 2.05±0.49 mm/day versus 3.48±0.41 mm/ day; P<0.05). G1 animals (35.71% versus 30.77%) ovulated comparatively earlier than their G2 counterparts, but this did not affect the conception rates (G1: 50,00% and G2: 30,77%; P>0,05). The findings suggest that medroxyprogesterone: (1) increases follicular recruitment and inhibits the growth of follicles whose diameter was larger than 5.0mm from D0 to D7; (2) the withdrawal of medroxyprogesterone speeds up follicular growth 1.7 fold from D7 to D9; (3) would probably contribute to the ovulation of larger follicles thereby forming more luteal tissue; (4) does not stimulate early ovulation after Ovsynch; and (5) does not elevate the conception rate after the synchronization of cyclic females with good body condition, and should be evaluated for the utilization in acyclic/reduced BCS females.


We are clearly well-launched into the age of digital printing. The type which our children will read in near future is going to be described, stored, and typeset in digital form. Unfortunately, the graphics industry in India has still remained almost unaffected by these technological advances. In this paper, after a tentative review of the earlier works, we have discussed the relevant design issues to be considered to create a digital type font design and typesetting environment. Special emphasis has been given to the design of a multi-lingual workstation which may liberate the Indian typography industry from the dust of the past. We have also discussed the constraints placed on font design and reproduction by the low resolution medium. The basic idea presented here has emerged from our experience with the development of an alphabet design system PaLATINO at NCSDCT and our working experience with METAFONT, Letter IP, and IKARUS systems.


Arduino is a tool which the data taken from sensors can be used. Temperature and humidity information can be measured by Arduino, robotic applications can be realized with distance sensors, light and colors can be detected, applications can be realized with accelerometer. It is aimed to determine the effects of analytical chemistry experiments supported by Arduino on pre-service teachers' self-efficacy toward information technologies. Participants of this study are 61 pre-service teachers. There are one experimental group (n EG :34) and the other control group (n CG :31) with random assignment method. In this study, one of the experimental research models "pre-test-post-test control group semi-experimental research model" has been adopted. Participants were pre-tested and post-tested. In the experimental group, closed-ended experiments supported by Arduino were used. In the control group, closed-end experiments not supported Arduino were used. In both groups, confirmatory approach based experiment design was adopted. The measurement tools were selected from the scales available in the literature. In order to measure self-efficacy perceptions of information technologies, "Information Technologies Self-efficacy Perception Scale for Pre-service Teachers (ITSPS)" was used. According to the results of the study, it was determined that the analytical chemistry experiments supported by Arduino has effects on their technology self-efficacy in a positive way. In this study, it was seen that self-efficacy of pre-service teachers towards information technologies developed with closed-end chemistry experiments supported by Arduino. Arduino should be assessed on students' self-efficacy by testing in different chemistry-related trials. In addition, easier application of Arduino should be investigated .


Abstract This article contributes first genome size assessments by flow cytometry for 16 species, 12 genera, and 3 tribes from family Asteraceae, mostly belonging to the Heliantheae alliance, an assembly of 13 tribes from subfamily Asteroideae with a large majority of its species in the New World. Most genome sizes are accompanied by their own chromosome counts, confirming in most cases, although not all, previous counts for the species, and revealing possible cases of unknown dysploidy or polyploidy for certain taxa. The data contribute to the pool of knowledge on genome size and chromosome numbers in the family Asteraceae and will further allow deeper studies and a better understanding on the role of dysploidy in the evolution of the Heliantheae alliance. However, we still lack data for tribes Chaenactideae, Neurolaeneae, Polymnieae, and Feddeeae (the latter, monospecific) to complete the alliance representation.


The pre-service education of elementary school teachers in America has experienced a gradual development process which includes three stages as follows: normal school and high school period,teachers college period,and comprehensive university period. The characteristics of the preparation education today involve the multiple ways of preparation,clear standards,high academic level,general core curriculum system, the focus on education curriculum and practical teaching and relatively perfect system of certification.


The invention relates to a catalyst, in particular to a catalyst for wet oxidation during catalysis of ammonia-nitrogen wastewater and a preparation method of the catalyst. The catalyst is characterized in that noble metal-non-noble metal nano-alloy is taken as an active ingredient, and active carbon is taken as a supporter; the general formula is M1M2/C, wherein M1 represents one in noble metals of Pt, Pd, Ru, Rh and the like, M2 represents one in non-noble metals of Fe, Co, Ni, Cu and the like; the catalyst comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 0.1%-5%, preferably 0.3%-3%, of M1, 1%-10%, preferably 2%-8%, of M2 and the balance being active carbon. The preparation method comprises the following steps of preparing a noble metal-non-noble metal mixed solution, dipping active carbon in the mixed solution, carrying out vacuum drying, and roasting in nitrogen atmosphere so as to obtain the catalyst for wet oxidation during catalysis of ammonia-nitrogen wastewater. The catalyst is good in ammonia-nitrogen catalytic conversion performance and high in stability.


The present article reflects the results of research into the lexicon of unknown origin of the modern Germanic (English and German) languages. It is presupposed that the vocabulary specified was inherited from prehistoric idioms of ancient Europe and therefore belongs to heterogeneous Pre-Indo-European substrata. Original etymologies on the basis of revealed Germanic-Basque and Germanic-Caucasian parallels are suggested. The author postulates the participation of the Vasco-Caucasian component in ethnogeny of the Germans and differentiation of the Germanic languages.


This paper summarises progress on a distortion reduction and nonlinear function synthesis technique called derivative superposition. The paper starts by reviewing the idea of derivative superposition. We show how low distortion amplifiers and function circuits such as frequency triplers can be designed. We review the results of a 4 HEMT low 3rd order distortion amplifier demonstrator. We consider the effect of the strong 2-port nonlinearity of a MESFET and show its effect on a 2 MESFET demonstrator. We describe progress on a software tool called "Super Deriv" that provides CAD support. We describe some alternative implementations of derivative superposition.


Walter Munk "Failures" as a Young Scholar... (or were they?) Walter Munk, one of history's greatest oceanographers, frequently mentioned his fear that young researchers are no longer pursuing high-risk, high-reward projects. Driven by competition for limited funding, strict career expectations, and apparent lack of encouragement, daring research projects led by younger researchers seemed to him to be on the fringe of extinction. But why wasWalter particularly interested in these types of projects? What can we learn from his professional career that might inspire our generation to pursue such risky ideas? As a young researcher, Walter ventured into projects that seemed impossible. For example, working with his mentor and Ph.D. supervisor Harold Sverdrup, they developed the first mathematical method for predicting surf conditions. During World War II, their method was used to help time the Allies' assault on the beaches ofNormandy, amajor turning point of the war. What books normally do not mention about this fateful "D-Day" is that the surf predictions produced by their model for the day that the Allied forces chose to invade, June 5, 1944, were far from ideal. Based on the modeled prediction, the assault should have been postponed at least 2 days. However, military leaders feared a 2-day delay might result in loss of the element of surprise and chose instead to delay by only 1 day. Surf conditions were less than ideal on June 6, but because of those rough ocean conditions, German forces did not expect an attack. This successful operation hastened the end of the war, and this seminal wave prediction model was also considered an academic success. Today, the fundamental logic behind this technique still constitutes the basis for modern wave prediction systems. Another daring example from Walter's career was an undertaking he proposed in 1957 that would become known as the MOHOLE Project. The aim was to drill a hole through the Earth's crust to the boundary of its mant le , ca l l ed the Mohorovi č i ć discontinuity or "Moho." Given that the Earth's crust is thinner beneath the ocean floor (5–10 km) than on land (30–50 km), Walter and his colleagues decided to try their drilling there. After 5 years, the endeavor became so expensive and fraught with problems that it gained infamy as the first ever governmentsponsored research project to be cancelled by the U.S. House of Representatives (at Walter's and his colleagues' request). However, even though this high-risk project failed to achieve its primary objective, many technological advances resulted from the effort, most notably the development of an ingenious dynamic positioning system that maintained the ship's position sufficient to make deep-ocean drilling a viable means of obtaining geological samples. Eventually, these advances would serve as the foundation for much of the deepsea drilling we know today (Figure 1). So, what can we learn from Walter's life? That daring ideas of young and imaginative researchers can lead to transformative innovation and longlasting impacts, even when they appear to "fail."


Interest is becoming increasingly aroused in the distortion of pulses present in high-speed-logic circuitry due to reflections from mismatched terminations. Partially reactive terminations, especially capacitive ones, are of great practical importance.


We investigate here the antioxidant capacity in local halophytic species, Salicornia europaea, well known for their ethnopharmacological utilizations in traditional medicine. The objectives of this study were to determine antioxidant activities and reducing power activity of ethanol extracts of Salicornia europaea (Amaranthaceae) leaves, stems, and roots. The antioxidant activity of the S. europaea extracts was measured on the basis of the scavenging activity of the phenolic, nitric oxide radical (NO ̇)-scavenging activity, and ferric reducing/antioxidant power (FRAP). Total phenolic contents scavenging activity of leaves of S. europaea was evaluated at 8.0 mg/ml was 49.8%, that of stems was 36.1% at same concentration, and root was 24.7%. NO scavenging activity of leaves of S. europaea was evaluated at 8.0 mg/ml was 39.8% and that of stems was 38.9% at same concentration, and that of root was 29.9%. FRAP activity of leaves of S. europaea was evaluated at 8.0 mg/ml was 34.8% and that of stems was 29.6% at same concentration, and root was 22.8%.


The article discusses the main provisions on the criminalistic characteristics of crimes committedusing digital financial assets. During the research, the author used various methods of scientific cognition,the basis was the dialectical method using the basics of deduction. Studying general approaches to thedefinition of criminalistic characteristics of crimes, including using the historical method of cognition, theauthor highlights its features of computer crimes in general, and crimes committed using digital financialassets in particular. Further, the study establishes the main approaches to the concept of computer crimes,identifies their types and criminalistic features. The author comes to the conclusion that the very conceptof «computer crimes» refers exclusively to criminology, it is extremely difficult to single out the substantivefeatures of such crimes in relation to substantive law. Further, on the basis of a general analysis, the featuresof the criminalistic characteristics of crimes committed using digital financial assets are determined andsystematized, to which the author refers: the method of commission, the situation and the identity of thecriminal.


The aimed of this study was to determine whether there was a significant differences in social learning outcomes between students who followed contextual teaching and learning based on controversial issues with students who took conventional learning in fifth grade of SD Gugus II Mengwi Badung Regency academic year 2013/2014. This study was a quasi experimental research with Nonequivalent Control Group Design. The population of this study were the fifth grade students of SD Gugus II Mengwi Badung Regency which consisted of 275 students. The samples of this study were determined by means of random sampling technique.The data taken from the result of the social learning process, which is merging between cognitive and affective scores. The cognitive scores were collected by multiple choice test item and the affective were using observation sheet developed which is accordance with the character. The data were analyzed by using t-test. Based on the result of the t-test was found tobs = 4,49 and ttab


Objective: In our study we aimed to evaluate acute and chronic term results of kyphoscoliotic patients admitted to ICU with acute respiratory failure in 9 years period. Method: Kyphoscoliotic patients applied to ICU between 2002-2010 enrolled in the study.Patient9s demographics,comorbity,APACHE II score on admission, presence of sepsis, arterial blood gas analysis (on admission and first control), invasive (IMV) and noninvasive mechanical ventilation (NIV) application and duration, length of stay in ICU,ICU mortality, chronic term follow-up,mortality were recorded. Data were summarized with descriptive analysis.Variables were given as median and interquartile ratio (IQR). Results: 84 kyphoscoliotic patients (46 male) with median age 50 (IQR: 36-64) accepted to ICU were included. %78.3 (n=65) of cases has comorbidity and%23.8 (n=20) of patients were in long term oxygen therapy (LOT) and mechanical ventilation at home. APACHE II score 15 (12-19), presence of sepsis %42.9 (n=36), NIV and IMV application was %79.8 (n=67), %32.1 (n=27) respectively. Length of stay in ICU was 8 (4-14) days and mortalitiy was %10.7 (n=9, 7 under IMV). After ICU discharge mechanical ventilator at home (HMV) was reported to %39.8 (n=33) of patients, LOT was reported to %21.3 (n=16) of patients. A total of 53 patients have HMV, 51 of these patients were followed long term. One patient after 2 months, 2 patients died after 5 years. 12 patients didnot come to controls regularly. Conclusion: In patients with kyphoscoliosis accepted to ICU due to acute respiratory failure, mortality is significantly higher while in patiens with mechanical ventilation at home compliance and follow-up is better, mortality is lower.


Surgeon-Major Charles Knight Webb, Bengal Medical Service, retired, died on 7th April 1809. He was born in April 1823, entered the I. M. S. as Assistant Surgeon on 1st July 1846, after having taken the diploma of M. R. C. S. in 1845, became Surgeon on 25th September 1859, and Surgeon-Major on 1st July 1866, retiring on 7th January 1871. He served in the Indian Mutiny, going through the campaign in Roliilkand, up to the capture of Bareli in 1858, with the 2nd Pan jab Infantry ; and also with the 4th Panjab Infantry in the Mahsud VVaziri campaign of 1860.


In this paper, a supply chain, including a manufacturer, a distributor and some retailers, is considered. The manufacturer produces a single product and outsources distribution operations to a distributor in order to deliver products demanded by retailers. Each retailer has a time window to receive the products and faces the Newsvendor problem with stochastic demand. The manufacturer aims to serve retailers providing that the maximum lateness doesn't exceed a predetermined value. All players in the supply chain are willing to maximize their own profit. The model simultaneously includes pricing, order quantity and routing decisions. First, the manufacturer announces the whole sale price, then the distributor declares the unit transportation cost to the retailers, and finally each retailer decides on the amount of his order quantity. The profit functions of the players are formulated and linearized; then the solution is determined in three stages using game theory. Finally, a numerical example is presented and the equilibrium decisions of the players are determined using GAMS software.


Purpose - Analysis of local blood flow patterns near stenotic lesions in the femoral trajectory may provide insight in progression of disease and improve its diagnosis and treatment. High-frame-rate contrast-enhanced ultrasound, or echo PIV, seems a promising technique in visualizing and quantifying local flow profiles. This thesis discusses the first assessment of clinical feasibility of echo PIV in patients recently treated with a stent in the superficial femoral artery (SFA) (2).
Method - Clinical echo PIV measurements were performed at five different locations near the femoral bifurcation and the stented SFA in a pilot of twenty patients. Vessel visibility and contrast-to-background ratio (CBR) were evaluated as a measure of image quality. Accuracy of PIV was analyzed using the maximum normalized cross-correlation value and peak systolic velocity compared to duplex US.
Results - Echo PIV data of twelve patients was successfully acquired. Quality of the measurements showed varying results in terms of vessel visibility and CBR between and within patients. Data of one patient was further analyzed through PIV. In two out of five locations adequate PIV results were found, showing high cross-correlation values and a velocity difference within 10% compared to duplex US.
Conclusion - First assessment of echo PIV showed varying results which seem linked to the quality of the obtained data. Accurate blood flow velocity tracking was established in data with high CBR values. More data should be analyzed and improvements in PIV methods should be explored in order to draw a thorough conclusion regarding feasibility of echo PIV in quantifying blood flow in the femoral bifurcation and the stented SFA.


Objective:To evaluate the effect of dexmedetomidine on surfactant protein of A549 cells with acute lung injury(ALI).Methods:A549cells were exposed to lipopolysaccharide to make the cell model of ALI which were cultured invitro.The ALI-A549 cells were exposed to 1.0×106/ml ALI-A549 cell suspension and 0.01,0.10,1.00μmol/L dexmedetomidine for 6hours.We observed the proliferation of the cells by methylthiazolyltetrazolium method,and content of surfactant protein of the cells in lysate were assayed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in each group.Results:Dexmedetomidine significantly improved the survival rate of ALI-A549cells(P0.05),this effect was concentration-dependent;Surfactant protein gradually increased with concentration of the dexmedetomidine increasing(P0.05).Conclusion:Dexmedetomidine has a protective effect for ALI-A549 cells by promoting the expression of surfactant proteins.


In 2008,Changzhou Radion and TV University participated in the "Mother Quality Project",in the construction of which Changzhou Radion and TV University has acquired the experience of developing community education.Radio and TV University has been playing a major role in constructing two core resoruces,human resources and course resources.Furthermore,radio and TV university,together with the relative governmental organization,has created the systemic atmosphere,has constructed systemic mechanism,and has improved systemic elements for the Mother Quality Education.By means of the common efforts of all pariticipation organizations,the project has gained the initial achievements.


In 1885 the eminent physiologist Claude Bernard wrote in his classic work Experimental Sciences "Poisons can be employed as a means for the destruction of life or as an agent for the treatment of the sick" [1] . In line with his prediction for medical uses of natural poisons and toxins, over a century later, in 1989, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) licensed botulinum toxin type A as an orphan drug for the treatment of persons who suffer from the involuntary muscle disorders strabismus, blepharospasm, and hemifacial spasm. The successful use of the toxin for these conditions soon led to its use for the treatment of many other diseases caused by involuntary muscle contractions, particularly focal and segmental muscle movements. Diseases treated have included spasmodic torticollis, limb dystonias, vocal disorders, tremors, cerebral palsy in children, gastrointestinal disorders, spasticity in adults, and various pain syndromes [2] . The nerve impulses causing these involuntary muscle contractions originate in the brain or basal ganglia of persons affected with these diseases, the cause ofwhich is unknown. Many of these diseases are defined as dystonias, disorders characterized by involuntary movements of muscle groups. In 1911, Oppenheim introduced the term "dystonia musculorum deformans" to describe children who had involuntary movement disorders [3] . In many diseases in adults such as spasmodic torticollis and hemifacial spasm, the contractions cause severe pain and bodily distortions, particularly in the


The simplest physical model of the ≈1 eV–2.5 keV electron scattering in insulating polymers is proposed. The simulation of electron trajectories was performed using Monte Carlo technique. The integral characteristics of electron scattering such as total secondary electron yield and backscattering coefficients for Teflon were investigated for 50 eV–2.5 keV electron beams. The difference between theoretical and experimental data was within 50%.


Bachelor Thesis from the year 2013 in the subject Computer Science - Internet, New Technologies, grade: -, - (Bells University of Technology), language: English, comment: We appreciate all members of staff of Lagos state university teaching hospital (LASUTH), University of Lagos teaching hospital (LUTH), Federal medical center (FMC Abeokuta) and The Neuropsychiatric hospital, Aro, Abeokuta who took out of their very precious time to answer the project questionnaire. , abstract: Electronic prescribing or e-prescribing (EP) is a computer-based electronic generation and transmission of a prescription. EP systems help to increase patient safety and increases prescribing accuracy, the system also helps to reduce costs through improved legibility. The motivation for e-prescribing is greater safety of drug use and the current unacceptable levels of adverse drug events. The aim of this study is to evaluate the readiness of hospitals in Nigeria to adopt E-Prescription system for patient welfare and improved healthcare service delivery. This paper presented survey results of electronic prescription readiness in Nigeria hospitals. The survey was conducted in Nigeria hospitals, which includes Lagos State University Teaching Hospital (LASUTH), University of Lagos Teaching Hospital (LUTH), Federal Medical Center (FMC Abeokuta) and The Neuropsychiatric hospital, Aro, Abeokuta. A well-structured questionnaire was also developed and was given out to doctors, pharmacists, pharmacy technicians and assistants present at the time of survey administration. Data analysis was performed using MATLAB and SPSS for analyzing of closed-ended questions, descriptive statistics, chi-square test and correlation co-efficient. From the result of the analysis, it shows that e-prescription system implementation is economically feasible on the side of an individual but on government side adequate funding for the achievement of EP system does not provide for the health sector to acquire the necessar