BACKGROUND. Acute sinusitis is frequently diagnosed in young children, yet little is known regarding pediatrician practices surrounding its diagnosis and management. OBJECTIVES. The purpose of this work was to describe how pediatricians diagnose and manage nonsevere acute sinusitis in otherwise healthy children ≤6 years of age. METHODS. We used a mail survey administered from June to August 2007 to a national random sample of 750 general pediatricians from the American Medical Association Master File. RESULTS. The response rate was 45% (N = 271). Pediatricians reported first considering acute sinusitis at the ages of 0 to 5 (6%), 6 to 11 (17%), 12 to 23 (36%), 24 to 35 (21%), and ≥36 (20%) months. Symptoms thought to be "very important" in the diagnosis of acute sinusitis included prolonged symptom duration (93%), purulent rhinorrhea (55%), and nasal congestion (43%); 60% reported that symptom duration is more important than symptom combination. Symptom durations expected before considering the diagnosis were 1 to 6 (3%), 7 to 9 (17%), 10 to 13 (37%), 14 to 16 (38%), and ≥17 (6%) days. Fifty-eight percent reported using sinus computed tomography scans "occasionally" or more often in the diagnosis of acute sinusitis. Ninety-six percent reported treating acute sinusitis with an antibiotic "frequently" or "always." Fifty-three percent reported using contingency antibiotic prescriptions "occasionally" or more often for acute sinusitis. Adjuvants used "frequently" or "always" included saline washes (44%), systemic decongestants (28%), nasal corticosteroids (20%), and systemic antihistamines (13%). CONCLUSIONS. We found significant variation in the age at which pediatricians begin considering the diagnosis of nonsevere acute sinusitis in children. Most pediatricians consider symptom duration the most important diagnostic factor. The majority of pediatricians use sinus computed tomography imaging at least occasionally in young children with nonsevere symptoms despite its limitations in this clinical setting. Although poorly understood, the use of contingency antibiotic prescriptions is common. Lastly, the use of systemic decongestants and antihistamines in young children is reported, a practice that needs to be reexamined in light of recent Food and Drug Administration warnings regarding their safety.


Summary A 10% solution of acetylcholine chloride injected into the globus pallidus of persons with Parkinsonism resulted in initial excitatory stage with increase in tremor and parasympathetic activation. Parasympathetic response was blocked by intracerebral injection of an anticholinergic drug, oxyphenonium bromide. The exact mechanism of drug action is not known, although cholinergic sensitive regions appear to exist in or near the globus pallidus.


Summary form only given. The results of our spectroscopic study of the energy balance history during the implosion phase of a 300 kA, 1 /spl mu/s gas-puff z-pinch plasma are presented. Using the measured spectral line profiles and intensities of singly- to five-fold ionized oxygen ions we obtained the time-dependent radial distributions of the magnetic field, electron density, electron temperature, radial velocity, and the mean ion charge. These parameters were used for determining as a function of time and radius all the terms of the momentum and energy equations as used in a standard 1-D MHD modelling scheme. For the analysis we follow the evolution of the plasma parameters within a few mass elements. In detail, the Joule heating of electrons is calculated using the current density obtained from the magnetic-field measurements, and the electrical conductivity shown to be classical (Spitzer). The plasma compressional heating is calculated using the radial velocity gradient and the total (p/sub e/+p/sub i/) thermal pressure, which is obtained from the measured electron temperature and density, the measured mean ion charge, and the ion temperature, estimated using the calculated electron-ion energy transfer rate. The electron heat flux is calculated using the measured electron temperature gradient. The electron energy losses due to excitation, radiation, and ionization, are determined using detailed collisional-radiative calculations. Analysis of the energy balance and the plasma acceleration shows that the previously observed propagation of the ionization front, and the resulting ion charge-state distribution across the plasma shell are consistent with the heating rates calculated using the experimentally determined MHD parameters.


An optimal adaptive multiband-sensing framework is used to jointly detect a wideband BPSK primary signal over multiple non-overlapping narrowband Gaussian channels so as to maximize the throughput in cognitive radio networks using cyclostationary detection scheme. Under some specific primary user and channel conditions the framework which appeared to be non-convex is explored to determine convexity range.


towards the underlying meta-theoretical principles of function (system) and action. These contemporary critical projects have taken two interrelated forms the political and the theoretical. The political critiques are organised around the conflicts of either &dquo;new&dquo; social movements or the strategies and vagaries of the institutionalised forms of labourism and social democracy. Each questions the politics of production or a politics organised according to the imperatives of systems management. For some time now, two editors of Thesis Eleven, Peter Beilharz and Rob Watts, have criticised the Labor Party/Trade Union Accord, a &dquo;social&dquo; contract which is explicitly corporatist in its orientation, on the grounds that it is not only fundamentally undemocratic but that it subordinates political action to the logics of capitalism and industrialization. In his paper or the ALP/ACTU Accord here, Beilharz extends this critique to the labourist imagination which underlies it and which, he argues, is unable to address the issue of a democratic and socialist program. His acute observations of the limits of this imagination, leads him to reject various &dquo;third-way&dquo; arguments which have been put forward as (often contradictory) reformulations of the same labourist thinking. Beilharz argues that a reconsideration of the heterogeneous social democratic tradition (as distinct from the contemporary practice of social democracy in many European countries) may in fact aid the development of a radical political program for the Australian left. John Ely in his article examines the political and cultural terrain which has made the Greens a significant force in West Germany today. Their calling into question of a politics organised around production and predicated on continuous economic growth has struck a strong chord in West German society. The emergence of the Greens has led to a rethinking of socialist politics around environmental and disarmament issues the so-called Red-Green projects and


Optical lithography, currently being used for 45-nm semiconductor devices, is expected to be extended further towards the 32-nm and 22-nm node. A further increase of lens NA will not be possible but fortunately the shrink can be enabled with new resolution enhancement methods like source mask optimization (SMO) and double patterning techniques (DPT). These new applications lower the k1 dramatically and require very tight overlay control and CD control to be successful. In addition, overall cost per wafer needs to be lowered to make the production of semiconductor devices acceptable. For this ultimate era of optical lithography we have developed the next generation dual stage NXT:1950i immersion platform. This system delivers wafer throughput of 175 wafers per hour together with an overlay of 2.5nm. Several extensions are offered enabling 200 wafers per hour and improved imaging and on product overlay. The high productivity is achieved using a dual wafer stage with planar motor that enables a high acceleration and high scan speed. With the dual stage concept wafer metrology is performed in parallel with the wafer exposure. The free moving planar stage has reduced overhead during chuck exchange which also improves litho tool productivity. In general, overlay contributors are coming from the lithography system, the mask and the processing. Main contributors for the scanner system are thermal wafer and stage control, lens aberration control, stage positioning and alignment. The back-bone of the NXT:1950i enhanced overlay performance is the novel short beam fixed length encoder grid-plate positioning system. By eliminating the variable length interferometer system used in the previous generation scanners the sensitivity to thermal and flow disturbances are largely reduced. The alignment accuracy and the alignment sensitivity for process layers are improved with the SMASH alignment sensor. A high number of alignment marker pairs can be used without throughput loss, and furthermore the GridMapper functionality which is using the inter-die and intra-die scanner capability can reduce overlay errors coming from mask and process without productivity impact. In this paper we will present the main design features and discuss the system performance of the NXT:1950i system, focusing on the improvements made in overlay and productivity. We will show data on imaging, overlay, focus and productivity supporting the 3X-nm node and we will discuss next improvement steps towards the 2X-nm node.


1. Distal migration of a femoral intramedullary nail is described in seven patients. Previous reports of proximal and distal migration are reviewed.2. Factors predisposing to this complication are infection, incorrect nail size, comminution of the fracture and involvement of the medullary isthmus.


The crystal structure of Fe(btz) 2 (NCS) 2 (1) was determined by X-ray diffraction at ≃293 and ≃130 K in order to detect the structural changes associated with the spin transition. The space group is Pbcn with Z=4 at both temperatures. Lattice constants are as follows: a=13.2880 (11) A, b=10.8610 (11) A, and c=16.9199 (19) A at ≃293 K and a=13.0551 (17) A, b=10.6504 (17) A, and c=16.6717 (39) A at ≃130 K. These results were compared with those previously reported for Fe(phen) 2 (NCS) 2 (2)


The harmonic vibrational frequencies of the Be3 and Be4 clusters have been determined using ab initio electronic structure calculations. Large atomic natural orbital (ANO) basis sets have been used in conjunction with high levels of correlation treatment. These include multireference configuration‐interaction (MRCI) and single and double coupled‐cluster (CCSD) methods, and the CCSD method augmented with a correction for connected triple excitations [CCSD(T)]. In general, all three treatments agree very well. The only substantial disagreement is for the totally symmetric stretching mode in Be3, where the CCSD method yields a harmonic frequency that is 57 cm−1 smaller than the MRCI value. The fundamental vibrational frequencies of Be3 and Be4 have been determined using second‐order perturbation theory to obtain anharmonic corrections; Be3 is treated as a symmetric top and Be4 as a spherical top. Full CCSD(T) quartic force fields were used to determine anharmonic constants, vibration–rotation interaction con...


In order to maintain good audio quality when a mobile user changes his attachment point, we present on this paper a model for predicting the mean opinion score (MOS) value by artificial intelligence based on network parameters such as end-to-end delay, jitter, packet loss and playout loss. This model is composed of two parts, the first is the prediction of the MOS by multilayer perceptron (MLP) implemented at the mobile node for prediction and trigger of handover, the second is the ranking of access points with a k-nearest neighbor algorithm (KNN) by SDN controller. The prediction of the handover is done when the value of the predicted MOS is less than 4.03, and trigger it when it equals 3.9, so the role of the controller is to provide users who foresee the need for a handover with the list of access points that generate a better quality of audio service. To assess the relevance of the model, we tested it in a WiFi network, which contains a VoIP server, and compare it with the technique based on the strength of the received signal (RSSI). The results of the simulation prove that we were able to maintain a VoIP quality that does not go down more than 4.3, and a significant reduction in the packet loss rate that no longer exceeds 1.2%.


Objective To investigate the antagonism effect of nicotine on β-amyloid (Aβ) cytotoxicity and its relation with the metabolism of β-amyloid precursor protein (APP). Methods PC12 cells were treated with different concentrations of nicotine and/or Aβ25-35 for 24 hours. Adopted MTT method to determine cellular viability. Western Blot tests were carried out to detect soluble APPα (sAPPα) secretion in the PC12 cellular supernate and the expression level of intercellular insulin degrading enzyme (IDE). Results 1) There was no significant toxic action on PC12 cell at 0.10-500 μmol/L nicotine (P 0.05, for all), but certain toxic action could be seen when the concentration raised to 1 000 μmol/L (P ≤ 0.05). Aβ25-35 produced significant toxic effect on PC12 cell at the concentration of 1-100 μmol/L (P ≤ 0.01, for all), but it was not seen when concentration decreased to 0.10 μmol/L (P 0.05). 2) Nicotine presented different action on Aβ25-35-induced cytotoxicity at concentration 0.10-1 000 μmol/L, it can partially antagonize Aβ25-35-induced cytotoxic action at 0.10-100 μmol/L (P 0.01, for all), but could not recover PC12 cellular viability to normal level (P 0.01, for all), and could not produce antagonism at 500 μmol/L and 1 000 μmol/L (P 0.05, for all). 3) Aβ25-35 (20 μmol/L) and/or nicotine (100 μmol/L or 1 000 μmol/L) can increase the secretion level of sAPPα in PC12 cell (P 0.01, for all). The sAPPα secretion level raised to the highest level at 100 μmol/L nicotine. 4) Aβ25-35 (20 μmol/L) can decrease the expression level of IDE (P 0.01), 100 μmol/L nicotine can obviously antagonize this action (P 0.01), but not at a concentration of 1 000 μmol/L (P 0.05). When PC12 cell was treated with 100 μmol/L and 1 000 μmol/L nicotine separately, IDE expression level was significantly higher than that in normal control group (P 0.01). Conclusion There is no direct relationship between the nicotine antagonism effect on Aβ25-35-induced cellular toxicity and sAPPα secretion level, but may relate to the expression level of IDE.


The objective of the study is to examine and forecast the possible volumes of timber harvesting in the near future in the Far East of Russia on the example of the Khabarovsk and Primorsky territries, based on the actual volume of logging over the past eight years. The methods of comparative and computation al analyses were used as methodological basis of the study, including the collection and analysis of logging and processing industries information. Industry and customs statistics, as well as the authors' own research, were taken as initial data. The current situation with timber harvesting in the Far East is directly related to inefficient logging planning and the lack of effective control over forest users. According to our assessment, the volume of timber harvesting will gradually decrease and by 2025 will not exceed 3.0 million m3 in the Primorsky territory and 5.0 million m3 in the Khabarovsk Region. However, wood processing will grow signifi cantly and will reach 80% of the total volume of harvested wood. Hardwood will serve as an exception, the harvesting of which will not exceed 300 thousand m3 , and processing will achieve almost 100%.


Research identifies that a percentage of students are less successful than others in transitioning from Year 8 to Year 9. A positive support programme was developed to target some of these students and help them ease from the nurturing climate within the primary system into the multi-faceted secondary environment.


Sexual offending by women has long been an under-recognized and under-researched area. This is not surprising, as women offenders have traditionally been an afterthought in research on criminal behaviour, with the majority of research having been conducted on male offenders. In criminological psychology, there has been a long tradition of applying malebased knowledge to explain criminal behaviour by women (Blanchette & Brown, 2006). One reason for this practice has been an assumption that the factors that lead to criminal behaviour are universal, regardless of gender. Research has now shown, however, that although male and female offenders share some common characteristics (e.g. antisocial attitudes; antisocial peers), differences do exist (Barker, 2009; Blanchette & Brown, 2006). Similarly, the emerging empirical evidence on women who sexually offend indicates that while male and female sexual offenders appear to share some characteristics, important differences in risk of recidivism and factors related to their sexually abusive behaviour exist (Gannon & Cortoni, 2010; Gannon, Rose, & Ward, 2008). A second reason for the lack of empirical attention to female sexual offenders is their seemingly low prevalence. Although sexual offending behaviour among women has long been established (e.g. National Centre of Child Abuse and Neglect, 1981), some have maintained that sexual offending by women is extremely rare and unusual (Freund, Heasman, Racansky & Glancy, 1984), although more recently others have claimed that sexual offending by women is actually common, but that its extent is unknown due to the lack of reporting or because these women tend to be diverted from the criminal justice system (Vandiver & Walker, 2002). Such assertions, however, have either been made typically without reference to empirical evidence or have been based on statistics that widely vary according to the methods and samples utilized in the studies (for a review, see Saradjian, 2010). In efforts to provide more systematic information about the prevalence of female sexual offenders, Cortoni and Hanson (2005; Cortoni, Hanson & Coache, 2009) estimated the proportion of sexual offenders who are women from official police and Court reports as well as from victimization surveys. For both sources, information was obtained from Canada and the United States, Australia, New Zealand and England and Wales. Results from the updated 2009 review were consistent with the earlier 2005 study. Official reports and results from victimization surveys were remarkably consistent with each other and showed that women are responsible for 4 5% of all sexual offences. Based on these international data, Cortoni et al. (2009) concluded that the ratio of female to male sexual offenders is approximately 1 : 20. These data indicate the importance of systematic empirical investigations into sexual offending by women. In efforts to expand our knowledge base on female sexual offenders, we are publishing this special issue of the Journal of Sexual Aggression on female sexual offenders. The papers in Journal of Sexual Aggression (March 2011), Vol. 17, No. 1, pp. 1 3


It is well known that the body size of young people may be reduced during wartime and that it was especially true during the World War II. For example, the reduction in growth was remarkable in primary school children in Sendai, Japan, in the 1940s. Records of body measurements of working populations are however extremely scarce, possibly because they were destroyed during the wartime. We have succeeded in locating a report by Miyagi et al. on the health status of young male workers in the city of Kyoto as measured during the World War II, which was submitted in 1943 to the Government of Japan. It is the purpose of the present communication to make the data open to the public and to evaluate the observation in comparison with the findings in counterpart current populations.


The present invention is provided with: a pulse generating device provided with a radiator including a radioisotope having more atoms than the total number of subjects to be identified, and a detector that detects α-particles and the like released from the radiator through spontaneous decay of atomic nuclei and that generates electric pulses; and a memory that stores in advance a pulse number (initial pulse number) obtained by measuring, for a predetermined period of time, the electric pulses generated by the pulse generating device, the date of the measurement, and an identification numerical value (initial identification numerical value) obtained by converting, into a numerical value, pulse intervals of the electric pulses.


This paper explored the impact of top management team(TMT) tenure on enterprise innovation investment and the moderating role of TMT power structure by using the data of China's listed companies on SME board.The results suggest that TMT average tenure and CEO tenure are negatively correlated with enterprise innovation investment;tenure heterogeneity is positively correlated with enterprise innovation investment;TMT structural power,expert power and prestige power have significant moderating role,but the moderating role of TMT ownership power is not significant.


Vladimir Nabokov, the prestigious Russian-born American writer, whose works not only represents the twentieth century Russian expatriate literature, but also is on behalf of the American contemporary literature, has established his indispensable status in literature after publishing his masterpiece. Lolita, the most famous representative work of Nabokov, has been attracting the attention and interest of the critics and readers all over the world. Because of its hero's abnormal immoral love affair with a 12-year-old teenage by the name of Lolita, Lolita has been regarding as one of the best-known and also the most controversial novels of the 20 century. Ever since its publication, Lolita has aroused a lot of attention at home and abroad and has gone ups and downs as a classic. However, it has attained its unique status in literary circles. Even up to now, Lolita has been interpreted and re-interpreted by a great number of critics from various angles, such as post-modernism, theme, feminism, aesthetic value, image, linguistic and structural features and so on. In contrast,from the perspective of literary ethical criticism, through the detailed analysis of the enchanted hunter Humbert, the writer of the paper is able to reveal that although their respective tragedy results from violating the ethic order and disregarding their ethical relationship of being father and stepdaughter, yet it should not give us the ground to announce that the enchanted hunter doesn't have the true love and it is completely immoral of him to even love Lolita, because everyone is equal before love and he/she is qualified to take the challenge or even risk to pursue his/her love.


The studying of separate conditions contributing to the opportunity for organization of physical training and health improving activities among school-children in schools of general education is considered to be a vital problem. This elaborated system of physical education for country schools has led to some positive effect for solving the problems connected with the worsening of kids' health.


We report 312 micrometer measurements of 155 visual double stars made with the 50 cm refractor at the C^ ote D'Azur observatory (Nice, France) and with the 152 cm telescope at Calar Alto observatory (Almer a, Spain).


Technical progress is summarized for activities in these areas: study of charm particle production in hadronic collisions (data analysis); large-aperture multiparticle spectrometer; TEV I debuncher ring profile monitor; beta source monochromatizer; final reduction of data from pp and p anti p elastic scattering; high energy elastic scattering and cross section review; consequences of the Auberson-Kinoshita-Martin theorem for the nuclear slope parameter; planning and final design of the elastic scattering and total cross section experiment at the Tevatron Collider; a D-zero pp project and photoproduction experiment; lepton production in heavy-ion collisions; prompt gamma and massive lepton-pair production apparatus; and spin physics with the Fermilab polarized beam facility. (LEW)


The absorption and scattering spectra of various human subjects show that the human body absorbs radiation in the 750-2000 nm range. The influence of NIR on various tissues has been reported in recent years. However, the molecular mechanisms of the interaction of radiation with tissues are not yet clear. Our earlier studies on bovine erythrocytes irradiated with NIR revealed structural changes in the erythrocyte membrane lipid area. Polarity decreased in the vicinity of the polar heads and the presence of oxidative factors outside the membrane was monitored during the first 10 minutes of exposure to radiation. In the continuation of our research, we reported on the influence of NIR radiation on erythrocyte shape, electric zeta potential and osmotic hemolysis rate. All the observed phenomena were discussed as a result of NIR dehydration effects after exposure to NIR. Dehydration may follow the excitation of the overtones of the stretching vibrations of-OH,-POH,-NH, and-CH group stretching vibrations. All these groups are involved in hydrogen bonds. Zundel et al. studied the easily polarizable hydrogen bonds between various proton donors and acceptors, which are responsible for the presence of continua in IR spectra. Studies on these phenomena demonstrated that many types of H bond that form between proteins or H-bonded systems between side chains and phosphates show large proton polarizability. So, the proton transfer process can be easily controlled with local electric fields generated by fixed charged groups, cations, polar molecules and even by coupling proton motion with hydrogen bond stretching vibration. When H bonds with large proton polarizability are present, which is common for biological systems like the membrane surface, a proton within one of those H-bond shifts, and the subsequent conformational changes are strongly interdependent.


The present invention to a plurality of aging pad associated with the drive circuit and is applied to the aging signal that, in the display panel through the driver circuit portion on a flat display device having an aging pad and this, for anti-static, through the wiring for applying an aging signal in the respective aging pad is composed of a plurality of sub-aging pad, the sub-aging pad provides a flat panel display device comprising regular intervals are arranged in a repetitive aging pad configured and them. Aging, aging pads, electrostatic


The electron-electron scattering increases the resistance of ballistic many-mode channels whose width is smaller than their length. We show that this increase saturates in the limit of infinitely long channels. Because the mechanisms of angular relaxation of electrons in three and two dimensions are different, the saturation value of the correction to the resistance is temperature-independent in the case of three-dimensional channels and is proportional to the temperature for two-dimensional ones. The spatial behavior of electron distribution in the latter case is described by an unusual characteristic length.


Photograph of a plaque bolted to to a train car that has an image of a spur with a star logo and the dates 1776 - 1976. The text of the plaque says, "In appreciation of outstanding achievement by 610 Historical Foundation from American Revolution Bicentennial Committee of Fort Worth." Handwritten text below the image says, "Plaque on side of T&P #610 at 610 Historical Foundations [sic] new facilities in Fort Worth, Texas Apr 24th 1982."


BACKGROUND. The Central Role of the Fetus as a Patient in Defining an Ethical Standard of Care for Fetal Therapy. Pregnancy Outcome of Assisted Conception Techniques. Ontogeny of Human Lymphocytes During Intrauterine Life. Prenatal and Perinatal Development of the Human Cerebral Cortex. Screening with Ultrasound in Obstetrics. Non-Directive Prenatal Genetic Counseling. The Routine Fetal Examination. Fetal Brain Pathology. Reproductive Decision after Genetic Counseling of Couples at High Risk for Cystic Fibrosis: A Perspective from the Last Two Decades. Computer Applications in Fetal Medicine. NEW DIMENSIONS IN FETAL AND PLACENTAL IMAGING. Early Detection of Congenital Anomalies Using Transvaginal Ultrasonography. Three-Dimensional Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology. Sonoembryology in the Central Nervous System. The Mutlifetal Pregnancy: Sonographic Determination of Chorionicity and Amnionicity in the First and Early-Second Trimesters. The First 3 Weeks of Gestation Assessed by Transvaginal Color Doppler. The Use of Transvaginal Sonography in the Dynamic Evaluation of the Uterine Cervix in Pregnancy. ASSESSMENT OF THE FETAL CONDITION. High-Order Multiple Pregnancy. Computerized Evaluation of Cardiotocography and its Clinical Role. Universal Intrapartum External Monitoring and Improved Outcome. Domiciliary Fetal Heart Rate Monitoring by Telephone. Assessment of Fetal Well-Being with the Actocardiogram and Fetal Response to Acoustic and Photic Stimuli. The Fetal Biophysical Profile. Intrauterine Growth Retardation. Computerized Analysis of Fetal Heart Rate in Normal and Growth-Retarded Fetuses. Fetal Hemodynamics in Growth Retardation. Advances in Neonatology. Amniotic Fluid Analysis. Prenatal Diagnosis of Skin Disease. DOPPLER ULTRASOUND. The Prenatal Assessment of Fetal Hypoxia. The Effect of Maternal Vasoactive Agents on Uterine and Fetal Hemodynamics. Assessment of the Hypoxic Fetus with Color Doppler and Automated Heart-Rate Analysis. Doppler Ve locimetry of the Great Vessels in Fetuses with Intrauterine Growth Retardation: Correlation with Blood Biochemistry and Perinatal Outcome. Doppler Velocimetry of the Uterine Artery and Ischemic-Hemorrhagic Lesions of the Placenta. Venous Return in the Human Fetus. Early Pregnancy Hemodynamics Assessed by Transvaginal Color Doppler. Doppler Velocimetry in Monitoring Fetal Health During Late Pregnancy. Cerebral Circulation in the Prenatal Period. FETAL THERAPY. Aspirin in Pregnancy. Diagnosis and Management of Immune Thrombocytopenias. Fetal Therapy. Therapeutic Strategies in the Management of Intrauterine Growth Retardation. INDEX.


An adaptive wavelet modulation scheme based on cognitive radio is proposed for solving the shortcoming of low frequency-band efficiency of wavelet modulation.The weight is adjusted,the power of different noise sensitivity signal is controlled,and the dynamic spectrum allocation is performed by sensing the occupation of channel resource real-timely,using the coloring-based greedy algorithm and achieving the minimum value of mean-square error.The results of simulation implemented in the additive white Gaussian noise channel show that the performance of adaptive wavelet modulation scheme is superior to traditional wavelet modulation.


In this project we have used data science tools and techniques to detect duplicated data in GREC repository, which contains information about the articles published by University of Lleida staff. We have used Locality-sensitive hashing (LSH) to group articles in a way that those which are more likely to be duplicates are classified to the same group. Then, we have compared pairwise articles in the same group to determine which pairs are referring the same article.


In order to investigate the difference between salinity and alkali stress,the Cucurbita moschata seedlings had been treated with different concentrations of Na~+(120,240 and 480(mmol/L)) of NaCl,Na_2SO_4 and Na_2CO_3 for six days,and the stress degree of Cucurbita moschata seedlings were compared among three different sodium salts.The results indicated that the stress effects of Na_2SO_4 on dry weight of Cucurbita moschata were greater than that of NaCl stress.However,the variation trend of the other entire indexes demonstrated that the stress effects of NaCl salt stress was higher than Na_2SO_4 salt stress.But,under the Na_2CO_3 stress,the dry weight,content of chlorophyll in the leaves of Cucurbita moschata and root activity were decreased;the content of free proline and MDA in leaves of Cucurbita moschata seedling were increased sharply.The results prove that the salt stress in Cucurbita moschata seedling is the most serious under Na_2CO_3 stress and the least serious under Na_2SO_4.


Due to its high cost the water supply systems are comparatively neglected areas in the rural areas of the developing countries.1 The mathematical modeling application with the incorporation of the human factor through computer packages allowing the authorities the chance to take preventive actions in the decision-making process.2 To solve combinatorial optimization problems, a wide variety of algorithms have been developed to try to solve them.3–5 These algorithms can be classified as accurate or approximate;6,7 While the former guarantee obtaining the optimum of any finite instance of the problem in a limited time, the latter place emphasis on obtaining satisfactory solutions in a short time.8 Since a large number of combinatorial problems are NP-Complete,9 the use of approximate algorithms is and will be an area of intense activity.10 In the last decades, special attention has been devoted to the optimal dimensioning of water distribution networks. To this end, various optimization techniques are applied that allow a greater reduction of the capital costs of these systems.5,11 Some of these methods are restricted in their application to branched networks. Such as, the Linear Programming model,12 are not applicable to the design of meshed networks that, due to the need to maintain the service in any circumstance, cannot be subject to the fragility of a single supply conduit per supply area, which requires considering circuits. The use of metaheuristics is based on problems whose solution is not satisfactory by traditional methods and the implementation of exhaustive search methods is not justified in practice. So, it is applied with the objective of obtaining "good solutions" in a reasonable time.13


This paper is believed to be one of the first attempts to statistically characterize signal delays of basic CMOS digital building blocks. Analytic expressions in terms of the transistor geometries and technological process variations are provided for fast delay computations, to be used for manufacturing yield optimization, delay variability reduction and general VLSI circuit design for quality. the proposed approach is novel in several ways: (1) It is a combination of an accurate, semi-empirical MOS transistor model with the use of an efficient interpolation technique to link the non-physical model parameters to the 'designable' and 'noise' factors. (2) It uses several newly developed analytical delay formulae where possible and simple iterative solutions where direct analytical solutions do not exist. (3) the resulting hybrid analytical/iterative models are tuned, if necessary, to enhance the overall statistical accuracy. (4) Local delays are combined together for the analysis of complex combinational VLSI circuits. (5) C-code is generated for specific delay paths to further increase efficiency (improvement in analysis times by two to four orders of magnitude with respect to SPICE, with about 5%-10% accuracy). Examples of statistical delay characterization are used to illustrate the high accuracy of the proposed approach in modelling the influence of the 'noise' parameters on circuit delay relative to direct SPICE-based Monte Carlo analysis. the important impact of the proposed approach is that statistical evaluation and optimization of delays in much larger VLSI circuits will become possible.


Training activities in the field of motor and sports sciences have had a remarkable evolution in the last decades in which they have gone from purely technical approaches to more theoretical approaches. Moreover, the advent of telematic universities has expanded these opportunities. In particular, in the degree courses in Motor Sciences it is possible to use virtual reality platforms, inspired by modern video games and able to simulate physical and sports situations with all the possible variables. The present study aims to hypothesize the realization of educational activities using online activities with the application of new technologies through augmented, virtual and robotics reality, with the aim of involving new technological theories in compliance with the law and offer an optimal educational offer for students.


Phase autofocus is a key step in translational motion compensation for inverse synthetic aperture radar. From the eigenvalue decomposition (EVD) of the covariance matrix generated by the aligned range-compressed signal, eigenvectors can be obtained for effective phase autofocus. However, as the number of pulse samples is increased to improve the cross-range resolution, the high computational complexity of the EVD may become burdensome. To address this problem, we propose a novel EVD-based method in this letter. When the number of range units is larger than the number of pulse samples, the conventional method is used. Otherwise, the transpose of the envelope-aligned data matrix is used to generate a lower dimensional covariance matrix and to perform successive autofocus processing. Since many real targets exist in limited range units, a one- or two-order-higher computational efficiency can be obtained in some typical scenarios with the proposed method, compared with existing EVD-based approaches. Furthermore, the equivalence between the above two methods has been proven in this letter. Finally, the results for real measured data are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.


Abstract The microhardness values in many very hard materials need to be measured at low loads to prevent cracking from unduly affecting the measurement accuracy. However, the resultant indentation-size effect (ISE) means that it is difficult to compare the results obtained by different workers and for different specimens, particularly of small crystals or coatings. The purpose of this study is to obtain and analyse Knoop microhardness data for a well-characterized material, with a view to being able to interpret the results. Consequently microhardness indentations have been performed on single-crystal MgO(001) along {110} in air for loads between 0.125 and 1.001kg and temperatures between 20 and 600°C, investigating also the influence of interfacial coatings and lubricants. The main experimental findings were that the ISE decreased with increasing test temperature and was unaffected by coating or lubrication. The data fitted equally well either the power-law or the proportional specimen resistance models. It is proposed qualitatively herein that the ISE is controlled by the extent of elastic recovery occurring on removal of the load, and should thus correlate with the hardness-to-elastic modulus ratio H/E.


The origin and formation of the Chinese drama has been a focus of discussion for contemporary scholars.Owing to lack of record and different research perspectives,there have been no unanimous conclusions.There are actually six major points of view:witchcraft origin,dance and song origin,Nuo culture(mashed play)origin,Paiyou(comic paly)origin,puppet show origin and Indian paly origin.They are all revealing ,for they rest on different bases and sources.


He who owns the pipe controls the flow:

Ocean freight is cheap right now. As of January 2016, Flexport's ocean freight customers were paying less than


1. Introduction: What is Philosophy of Religion? 2. Key Terms and Concepts 3. Key Thinkers 4. Key Texts and Further Reading Index.


>New consequences of the idea that particles are extended structures in real space-time are examined. Starting from the general quantum equations for stable states established in paper I, the general form of solutions satisfying simultaneously the internal state equations and the external wave equations is discussed. One sees in particular that the external part depending on the particle's position x mu necessarily corresponds to state vectors belonging to irreducible finite-dimensional representations of the Lorentz group L/sub 4/. Assuming then that the general interaction Hamiltonians are invariant under L/sub 4/ and our new internal isobaric spin group G, one justifies the usual semiempirical scheme of strong interactions (invariant under SO/sub 3/) and introduce weak interactions in isobaric spin space. The theory also amplies couplings between external and internal motions weaks automatically the symmetries of strong interactions, in a natural development of Sakurai's ideas. (auth) A two-center'' model is proposed for the description of meson production in high-energy nucleon-nucleon collisions. In this model the effect of one nucleon on the other is replaced by an equivalent interaction which frees pions bound'' in the second nucleon. The model takes into account peripheral'' collisions only and does not include mesons emanating from core-core collisions.more » A transverse momentum (P/sub T/) distribution is obtained as a function of oniy the impact parameter and core radius. Our distributions agree well with experiment, the most probable P/sub T/ being 0.3-0.4 Bev/c. The angular distribution obtained does not deviate much from an isotropic distribution in the centerof-mass system of the emitting nucleon. (auth)« less


AIM:To observe the effects of sodium ferulate, an endothelin receptor antagonist, on restenosis after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). METHODS; Sixty patients after PCI were randomized into the treatment group and the control group. Patients in the treatment group were treated with sodium ferulate after PCI. Coronary lumina lose rates were measured 6 mo after PCI through coronary CT. ET-1 and NO levels were tested before PCI, and immediately, 12 h, 1d, 3d, 7 d after PCI. RESULTS; The coronary lumina lose rate of the treatment group was lower than that of the control group ((0.39±s 0.28) % vs (0.5±0.3) %, P 0.01). There was no significant difference of ET-1 level between two group (P 0.05). NO levels of the treatment group were higher than those of the control group (P 0.01) at 12 h, 1d, 3d, 7d after PCI. CONCLUSION :Endothelin receptor antagonist sodium ferulate is a new method to prevent restenosis after PCI.


It plays an important role to accurately track multiple vehicles in intelligent transportation, especially in intelligent vehicles. Due to complicated traffic environments it is difficult to track multiple vehicles accurately and robustly, especially when there are occlusions among vehicles. To alleviate these problems, a new approach is proposed to track multiple vehicles with the combination of robust detection and two classifiers. An improved ViBe algorithm is proposed for robust and accurate detection of multiple vehicles. It uses the gray-scale spatial information to build dictionary of pixel life length to make ghost shadows and object's residual shadows quickly blended into the samples of the background. The improved algorithm takes good post-processing method to restrain dynamic noise. In this paper, we also design a method using two classifiers to further attack the problem of failure to track vehicles with occlusions and interference. It classifies tracking rectangles with confidence values between two thresholds through combining local binary pattern with support vector machine (SVM) classifier and then using a convolutional neural network (CNN) classifier for the second time to remove the interference areas between vehicles and other moving objects. The two classifiers method has both time efficiency advantage of SVM and high accuracy advantage of CNN. Comparing with several existing methods, the qualitative and quantitative analysis of our experiment results showed that the proposed method not only effectively removed the ghost shadows, and improved the detection accuracy and real-time performance, but also was robust to deal with the occlusion of multiple vehicles in various traffic scenes.


Introduction: Lymphoma may involve the gastrointestinal tract either primarily or as a manifestation of extensively disseminated systemic disease. Stomach being the most frequent site of primary gastrointestinal lyphoma, followed by the small bowel and colon respectively (1&2&3). For diagnosis of pimary small intestinal lymphoma (PSIL), one most satisfies the criteria specified by Dawson and coworkers. Gastric lymphoma is a common presentation of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Controversy reigns about many aspects of its classification and management, especially regarding roles for surgical resection.The aim of this study is evaluation of 5 years survival and methods of treatment of primary gastric lymphoma in a group of Iranian patients. Methods: The authors review the clinical features, staging, pathology, prognosis, and management of 30 patients with an emphasis on the role of chemotherapy, surgical resection and radiotherapy of 71 gastrointestinal lymphoma cases. Results: A total of 30 patients (19 male and 11 female) with a mean age of 51 years and a range of 34 – 68 years were included in the study. The frequency of primary gastric lymphoma in our series was 42% of the total of primary gastrointestinal lymphoma. The overall survival rate was 47.8% at 5 years. Staging usually was completed using noninvasive techniques. Patients with stage I or II disease were treated with Surgery (gastric resection) and chemotherapy showed improved Free Disease Survival (FDS) of 67% at 5 years. The five-year survival for stage I, II, III and IV patients were 87%, 61%, 25%, and 11% respectively, and the five-year survival for low grade and high grade were 91% and 56%, respectively. Stage III or IV and inoperable primary gastric lymphoma were treated with chemotherapy and radiotherapy showed improved Free Disease Survival (FDS) of 67% at five years. The five-year survival for stage I, II, III, IV were 87%, 61%, 25% and 11% respectively, and the five year survival for low grade and high grade were 91% and 56% respectively. Conclusion: Early stage disease and high-grade Lymphoma have a better prognosis and patients who have complete surgical removal of primary tumor and chemotherapy.


We introduce a new structure of the micromachined cavity resonator coupled GaAs-based oscillator to enhance the phase noise and the frequency stability. The oscillator and the cavity are designed for Ka-band applications. Compared to the free running oscillator, the cavity resonator coupled oscillator showed the phase noise enhancement of about 20 dB. The phase noises of about -110 and -85 dBc/Hz are obtained at 1 MHz and 100 kHz offset frequency, respectively. The frequency pushing for the gate bias of the cavity coupled oscillator is about two order of magnitude less than that of the free running oscillator.


We study a spherically symmetric fluctuation of scalar dark matter in the cosmos and show that it could be the dark matter in galaxies, provided that the scalar field has an exponential potential whose overall sign is negative and whose exponent is constrained observationally by the rotation velocities of galaxies. The local space-time of the fluctuation contains a three-dimensional spacelike hypersurface with a surplus of angle.


Mobile video service consumes more energy than other services from the perspective of data transmitting and user-side device energy consumption. Research on energy efficiency of mobile video service is of vital significance in achieving a green communication system. This paper aims to increase energy efficiency for mobile video systems based on the characteristics of QoE. Considering that user's QoE is constrained by factors like devices and ambient environment, a QoE-driven adaptive streaming scheme is proposed in order to help save radio resources and reduce power consumption. After that, a simple QoE model and several power models relevant to mobile video service are formulated. Based on these models, a QoE-driven energy efficient resource allocation algorithm is introduced. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm can achieve superior performance in both QoE and energy efficiency, especially for cell-edge users.


An ostrich (Struthio camelus) and two emus (Dromaius novaehollandiae) in a private zoological collection developed progressive neurologic disease and eventually became unable to stand or walk. At necropsy, all three birds had extensive multifocal encephalomalacia and inflam mation in the brain stem and cerebellum associated with larvae of Baylisascaris procyonis. The birds' pen was contaminated with feces from three to five infected raccoons (Procyon lotor) that had been housed in a barn loft directly overhead. Infective B. procyonis eggs were recovered from soil samples taken within the ostrich-emu pen and from raccoon feces and soil from under a new cage occupied by the three remaining raccoons.


In Li Qingzhao's word is functioned as,the term like to repeat more.Through is it find " wine " table of contents that word appear account for the total table of contents about 53% to count rigorous I," rain " table of contents that word appear account for total about 36% table of contents, getting " thin " table of contents that word appear account for the total table of contents about 18%." wine "," rain "," tight " frequency that word appear so high,then they are not merely simple wording too,it will certainly contain deeper meaning.It is not merely a habit of the term,the indistinct meaning which has a kind of symbol;It is the revealment of author's subconscious,have nature of yard of languages.This text pass to " wine "," rain "," tight " demonstration of word,in order to ideological content,the personality of announcing its profound literature,even the linguistics one is really accumulated inside.


With the continuous development of control technology, various areas of human activity, such as aviation, aerospace, exploration, production and other control techniques are demanding for increasingly higher requirements, one of which is on the remote control technology needs, especially remote control robot or facilities produced in accordance with the requirements to make certain human activities, productions and make them ordered to complete various tasks. We believe that with further improvement of automation technology and the advancement of human exploration, there will be more and more areas introduced to the remote control, and there will be new requirements for quality and performance of remote monitoring.


This work presents a versatile blended learning model oriented to computer engineering educators in order to advance their technical skills. For the realization of this model a Hybrid Educational Platform (HEP) was developed exploiting the robustness and functionality of the Greek School Network (GSN). Findings from the evaluation of the related training activities indicate a well-promising learning framework that compensates the growing needs on information and communication technologies, thus establishing a modern and attractive education environment in the Greek Society.


The coupling disturbance between the manipulator and the unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) deteriorates the control performance of system. To get high performance of the aerial manipulator, a robust fractional order fast terminal sliding mode control (FOFTSMC) strategy based on mutable inertia parameters is proposed in this paper. First, the dynamics of aerial manipulator with consideration of the coupling disturbance is derived by utilizing mutable inertia parameters. Then, based on the dynamic model, a robust FOFTSMC algorithm is designed to make the system fly steadily under coupling disturbance. Furthermore, stability analysis is conducted to prove the convergence of tracking errors. Finally, comparative simulation results are given to show the validity and superiority of the proposed scheme.


SUMMARY Gravity measurements were made simultaneously at two locations at the top reservoir of the Ffestiniog pumped-storage power station in N. Wales, one above and one 'below' the water, as the water level changed. Measurements were made for eight weeks, using digital recording of LaCoste & Romberg earth-tide gravimeters fitted with electrostatic feedback. The reservoir geometry was well defined, the water level measured accurately, and the water density known, so we were observing the gravitational effect of accurately known slices of water, having three effective (weighted) distances from the gravimeters in the range 26-94 m. The gravity signal due to the Moon and Sun (the Earth tide) was removed by two methods: by subtracting a theoretical value, and by differencing the records of the two gravimeters. Assuming the Newtonian inverse-square law, the results give values for gravitational constant G differing from the laboratory value by only about (0.1 f 0.2) per cent, so there is no evidence for any 'fifth force' deviation from Newtonian gravity. The main contributions to the uncertainty come from the uncertainties in the gravimeter calibrations and positions, and in the reservoir geometry.


The philosophy of language How do words relate to the world? How is it possible that when a speaker stands before a hearer and emits an acoustic blast such remarkable things occur as: the speaker means something; the sounds he emits mean something; the hearer understands what is meant; the speaker makes a statement, asks a question, or gives an order? How is it possible, for example, that when I say "Jones went home", which after all is in one way just a string of noises, what I mean is: Jones went home. What is the difference between saying something and meaning it and saying it without meaning it? And what is involved in meaning just one particular thing and not some other thing? For example, how does it happen that when people say, "Jones went home" they almost always mean Jones went home and not, say, Brown went to the party or Green got drunk. And what is the relation between what I mean when I say something and what it means whether anybody says it or not? How do words stand for things? What is the difference between a meaningful string of words and a meaningless one? What is it for something to be true? or false? Such questions form the subject matter of the philosophy of language. We must not assume that in the versions I have stated they even make sense.


The action of low-molecular DNA from salmon sperm and the drinks enriched with this substance is investigated, at experimental pseudo-tuberculosis. At prophylactic feeding of the animals by lDNA and drinks, containing it, the survival rate of mice at infection of them with 100% lethal doze of bacteria raised. DNA stimulated the functional activity of peritoneal neutrophil cells and prevented the lethal action of the thermo resistant toxin of Y. рseudo-tuberculоsis. The use of DNA resulted in correction of pathogenic influence of the thermo resistant lethal toxin on oxidizing and antioxidizing enzyme systems of mice's neutrophil cells.


The article is devoted to problem of initial data structures for the full functioning of the IT-model educational process of the university. Described organizational and technical means to increase the relevance to IT data model of the university. More detail the technology of remote input information structures in the model. The advantage of modern web-technologies in modeling the educational process of the university in IT-environment. Proposed organizational and functional structure of the IT-environment of the educational process of the university as a verticallyrelationship web-sites, is a model representation of the real objects of the organizational structure of the university websites of institutions, departments, teachers. The advantages of this approach in terms of academic mobility and orientation on Cloud Computing.


Natural and synthetic quartz crystals with different OH concentrations were investigated by NIR (5500-3800 cm −1 ) and IR (3800-3125 cm −1 ) absorption spectroscopy at room temperature. These crystals exhibit differences in their OH spectra both in the IR and in the NIR. Quantitative relations between NIR bands at ∼ 4500 and ∼ 4000 cm −1 and IR bands are given. Explanations for the origin of the NIR bands proposed by previous authors for samples with medium to high H concentrations are not always compatible with our observations. Furthermore, for low H concentrations, we found: i) a small 4000 cm −1 residual three-peak band which we attribute to intrinsic SiO 2 absorption modes (the linear absorption coefficient of the prominent peak is 0.0017 ± 0.0002 cm −1 at ca. 4000 cm −1 ); ii) the 4500 cm −1 band is absent ( i.e. , linear absorption coefficient −1 ) for low, but non-vanishing H concentrations ( i.e. , α 3410 −1 for synthetic, α 3484 + α 3380 ( e 2 ) −1 for natural samples), which calls into question the nature of the OH defects at these low values. We show further that irradiation can produce synthetic quartz that displays NIR and IR spectra similar to those of natural quartz.


Reference is made to the previous work of De Montessus and Omori, the former endeavouring to show that the diurnal periodicity of earthquakes is apparent rather than real, and the latter pointing out that a marked diurnal periodicity characterises the after-shocks of great earthquakes in Japan.


Discoloration of urine is a common presenting sign in the horse but reaching a diagnosis is not always straightforward. This article outlines a diagnostic approach to such a case and highlights the ways in which we can use clinical pathology and imaging modalities to aid our diagnosis. A full and thorough history and clinical examination is vital in diagnosing the cause of the discoloration but clinicopathological testing and imaging can help us confirm the diagnosis and determine the best treatment plan for the horse.


Bolívar, P. 2019. Rates and patterns of molecular evolution in avian genomes. Digital Comprehensive Summaries of Uppsala Dissertations from the Faculty of Science and Technology 1800. 51 pp. Uppsala: Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis. ISBN 978-91-513-0637-7. Evolution is the change in inherited characteristics of a population through subsequent generations. The interplay of several evolutionary mechanisms determines the rate at which this change occurs. In short, genetic variation is generated though mutation, and the fate of these mutations in a population is determined mainly by the combined effect of genetic drift, natural selection and recombination. Elucidating the relative impact of these mechanisms is complex; making it a long-standing question in evolutionary biology. In this thesis, I focus on disentangling the relative roles of these evolutionary mechanisms and genetic factors in determining rates and patterns of evolution at the molecular level, by studying variation in the DNA sequence of multiple avian species, and in particular the collared flycatcher (Ficedula albicollis). Specifically, I aim to further our understanding regarding the impact of recombination rate on genome evolution, through its interaction with the efficacy of selection and through the process of GC-biased gene conversion (gBGC), which has been poorly characterized in birds. I demonstrate that gBGC has a pervasive effect on the genome of the collared flycatcher and other avian species, as it increases the substitution rate and affects interpretations of the impact of natural selection and adaptation. Interestingly, its effect is even stronger in neutrally evolving sites compared to sites evolving under selection. After accounting for gBGC, I disentangle the true impact of natural selection versus non-adaptive processes in determining rates of molecular evolution in the collared flycatcher genome, shedding light on the process of adaptation. Finally, I demonstrate the significant role of recombination through its impact on linked selection, along with mutation rate differences, in determining relative levels of genetic diversity and their relationship to the fast-Z effect across the avian phylogeny. This thesis urges future studies to account for the effect of recombination before interpreting patterns of selection in sequence evolution.


The processing of many natural languages suffers from scarce linguistic resources. We introduce the idea of compatibility to extend training data for machine translation: If translation hypotheses by multiple systems are measured as compatible, they are considered as reliable predictions. By this way, we generate virtual parallel data per bridge language, and re-compiling on this corpus improves our machine translation quality by more than 30% relatively.


A new blind equalization algorithm based on LMS-Newton gradient is proposed. In order to decline complexity of algorithm and obtain faster convergence speed, a new cost function according to the principle of Euclidean distance is designed. The effectiveness of the new algorithm is illustrated by way of computer simulations.


Summary.-The dinical utility and validity of Psychological Inventory of Personality and Symptoms, a new test of psychopathology based on the descriptors and criteria of the DSM-111, was assessed on an inpatient psycbiatric unit of a public hospital. Clinicians rated the interpretive profile in terms of its over-all utility and accuraq in dinical usefulness. The mean over-all rating was 5.3, with 83% of these ratings being above average in clinical usefulness. It was concluded that the inventory shows promise as a useful assessment device. One fundamental test of a new psychometric instrument is whether it is accurate and useful to staff of a clinical setting. This study was designed to assess how valid and useful the Psychological Inventory of Personality and Symptoms was judged to be in characterizing the personalities of a group of psychiatric inpatients. Previous research by Lachar (1974) indicated that 91% of raters given the profile and narrative interpretation of the MMPI cons~dered that his automated program was above average. In another study by Green ( 1982), ratings of two MMPI profiles and narrative reports showed that 83% of profiles for the Roche program of the MMPI were perceived as helpful in treatment, 64% of the National Computer Systems Mayo Clinic Program of the MMPI were perceived as helpful in treatment, and 88% of Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory were rated as adequate or better. The Psychological Inventory of Personality and Symptoms is a new objective psychological test for assessing psychopathology. The 346-item scale is built from the descriptors and criteria of the DSM-111. In addition to a four-item validity scale, the test includes 11 scales based on Axis I categories of the DSM-111, namely, Alcohol Abuse (AA), Drug Abuse (DA), Schizophrenic Psychosis (SP) , Paranoid Psychosis (PP) , Affective Depressed (AD), Affective Excited ( AE) , Anxiety Disorders (AX), Somataform Disorders (SO), Dissociative Disorders (DD) , Stress-Adjustment Disorders (SA) , and Psychological Factors Affecting Physical Condition (PC). There are 11 per


POST-GRADUATE WORKThe Melbourne Permanent Post-Graduate Committee 495 ORIGINA.L ARTICLESPage. Nasal Carriage of StaphylococcusAureus in the General Population and its Relationship to Hospitalization and to Penicillin Therapy, by Phyllis M. Rountree,Barbara M. Freemanand R. G. H. Barbour 457 An Analysis of the PhenomenonKnown as "Critical Closing Pressure",by A. J. Christophel's .. 460 Appendicitis in the Tropics and its Pitfalls: A Clinical Investigation with Report of Two Cases,by Jan J. Saave,M.D. 465 Carcinoma of the Pancreas,by C. A. C. Leggett, M.S., F.R.A.C.S., F.A.C.S. .. 467 Relaxants,with Special Referenceto the SucclnylChollnes, by Philip Wolfers, F.F.A.R.C.S., D.A. 470 A Note on the Incidence of Cholelithiasis,by R. A. Joske, M.D., E. G. Saint, M.D., F. J. Bromllow, M.Sc., Ph.D., and E. S. R. Hughes, M.D., M.S. 473


Scott-Emuakpor et al. (6) described a case of citrullinemia in a 33-year-old man who also had raised plasma and urine levels of lysine, homocitrulline, and homoarginine. It was therefore postulated that the patient was synthesizing urea by a late developing cycle whose intermediates were the homo-analogues of the ordinary urea cycle. We have also observed similar raised levels of these amino acids in a child with the same defect of argininosuccinic acid synthetase who died at 7 months of age [4, 8].However, normal levels of lysine and homocitrulline were found in all the patients in nine families with disorders of the urea cycle other than citrullinemia which we have investigated. Furthermore, homoarginine could not be detected in two of the patients with hyperammonemia and four of the patients with argininosuccinic aciduria whose plasma and urine were examined for this amino acid [5]. From all of these findings it was concluded [5] that the high levels of lysine, homocitrulline, and homoarginine in citrullinemia do not necessarily indicate an alternative pathway of urea formation.


Process for the preparation of citalopram comprising reacting a compound of formula (I): with a compound having the formula: wherein X is a suitable leaving group and R is a group having different meanings, to form a compound of the formula: wherein R is as defined above, followed by conversion of the group R to form a dimethylaminomethyl group and isolation of citalopram base or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.


Abstract In this paper, a nano functional agent HXG-36-8 without harmful substances and radiation source was prepared. By means of SEM, XRD, EDS, XRF, eye irritation test, skin irritation test, acute oral toxicity test, antibacterial test and antiviral test, the micromorphology observation, phase structure analysis, composition analysis, biological toxicity test, antibacterial test and antiviral test were carried out. Hxg-36-8 has flake nanoscale microscopic morphology and crystal structure of wurtzite zinc oxide. It has no irritation to rabbit eyes and rabbit skin and is actually nontoxic. In addition, the antibacterial product prepared with HXG-36-8 as antibacterial agent has an antibacterial rate of 99.0% against Escherichia coli and an anti-novel coronavirus activity rate of over 98.87%. The results showed that the functional agent is safe, nontoxic, has good antibacterial and antiviral function, can be used in all kinds of products in contact with human body, including clothing, protective articles, dental ceramic materials, etc.


Example embodiments of the present invention provides a method for manufacturing a display panel and a liquid crystal display, for reducing the gate resistance of the peripheral wiring line, reducing the signal attenuation and delay, improving the display effect. Provided in the embodiments of the present invention comprises a display panel of a gate wiring line a peripheral region, the gate line outer traces formed on a first region comprising sequentially wiring layer on the substrate, a gate insulating layer and the second wiring layer; the gate insulating layer is present at least one first opening, the first wiring layer and the second wiring layer connected to the first opening.


Abstract: An overview of the recent molecular spectroscopic work on the methylxanthine alkaloid theobromine and its two closely related relatives, caffeine and theophylline, is presented. The role of molecular spectroscopy in studies of the coordination chemistry of these methylxanthine compounds is also briefly discussed.


Although there is consistent evidence of the negative effects of parental divorce on children's educational level, the mechanisms and the protective factors that explain the consequences of divorce on children have not been clearly determined. This information is required in order to create effective policies and programs to help children through the divorce process. This study uses the longitudinal data from the British Birth Cohort Study 1970 and structural equation models to test whether family income, maternal supervision, and children's psychological problems mediate the effect of parental divorce on children's educational level and to what extent these variables are important protective factors for children through the divorce process. The main aim of this study, however, is to test the importance of children's psychological well-being on the relationship between parental divorce and children's educational level. Only two studies noted the importance of children's psychological well-being theoretically, but were unable to measure it. This study demonstrates empirically that children's psychological well-being is not a negligible mechanism and that this variable represents a very important protective factor for children of divorce, since the effect of psychological problems on educational level is significantly greater for children from divorced families than for those from intact ones. Although most family policies aimed at divorced families are targeted to improving family income, these findings reveal the need for governments to ensure that all children of divorce have access to programs and interventions designed to improve their psychological well-being.


ii Acknowledgements iii List of Tables ix List of Figures x Introduction 1 1.1 An introduction to the Online Knowledge Community 1 1.1.1 Online Knowledge Community Evolution and Classification 1 1.1.2 Online Knowledge Community Structure 2 1.1.3 Users of the Online Knowledge Community 3 1.1.4 Online Knowledge Community Analysis Tool: 4 1.2 An introduction to the social network: 5 1.2.1 Social Network Analysis 6 1.3 The Social Network inside the Online Knowledge Community 9 1.4 The Limitation of Current Ranking Functions in Online Knowledge Community 11 1.4.1. The Classification of Current Searching Strategies 11 1.4.2 There are Few Hyperlinks among the Threads 12 1.4.3 Document Relevance Doesn't Mean Documents Helpfulness 12


As more and more sensitive information gets stored in the form of XML, proper access control to the XML documents becomes increasingly important. Moreover, XML documents may be available to users at certain time periods, and unavailable at others. To tackle such dynamic aspects, this paper proposes a bitmap-indexing scheme in which timed access control decisions can be effectively processed. The form (Autht, Autho) is used to present authorization policies which are encoded as bitmaps in the same manner as XML document indexes are constructed.


The light-cone distribution amplitude (LCDA) of the pion contains information about the parton momentum carried by the quarks and is an important theoretical input for various predictions of exclusive processes at high energy, including the pion electromagnetic form factor. Progress towards constraining the fourth Mellin moment of the LCDA using the heavy-quark operator product expansion (HOPE) method is presented.


The South China Sea (SCS) is a semi-enclosed sea with a complex set of territorial claims by a number of Southeast Asian nations, China being the dominant claimant country. The United States (US) is not a party to such claims. However, the US has great concerns pertaining to peace and stability of the region as far as freedom of navigation in the SCS is concerned, which has significant repercussions for its strategic interests. In addition to the utilization of the SCS as an important international trade route, the US is also committed to protect the interests of its allies in the region, as well as those of its companies involved in offshore hydrocarbon activities. In the aftermath of the September 11th terrorist attack, the dynamics of a new world order push the US to strengthen its presence in the region in order to combat any security threats against its interests. This article investigates China-US relations in the SCS and highlights the law of the sea prescriptions that facilitate the understanding of the legal nature of the tensions between China and the US.


After the collapse of the Soviet Union, Gulf War, election of Nelson Mandela, fall of the Berlin Wall, and the signing of the: Israeli/Palestinian peace accords, many observers and analysts have argued that oppositional political terrorism is either a thing of the past, or that it will take new forms and actually increase. The relatively recent Oklahoma City bombing, sarin gas incident in the Tokyo subway, and attacks by Hamas in Israel have predictably renewed interest in terrorism among a variety of constituencies. After a careful review of the literature it appears that the field of research on terrorism is dominated by the overabundance of discussions on proper definitions, conceptualizations, descriptions, and the lack of causal studies on terrorism. Nevertheless, the most prominent causes cited in the causal explanations fall into three categories: structural, psychological, and rational choice.The purpose of this chapter is to construct a model that integrates structural and psychological causes of terrorism to help researchers test the relative importance of previously identified factors and their interactions that determine the scope, intensity, and amount of terrorism. Such a model would help analysts better understand the individuals and groups involved in this form of political behavior and crime and why they engage in terrorism. It might also aid policymakers to develop more informed counter-terrorist responses. By extension, this should help minimize needless injuries, deaths, and property destruction.


A transition-metal-free tandem O-arylation/hydroxylation approach has been developed for the efficient synthesis of highly substituted 2-hydroxyflavanones from triazenylaryl-substituted diketones. The intermediate benzopyrylium cation may be involved in these reactions.


With the development of economy,monetary policy plays the leading role in social economy through the transmission of several channels,such as monetary market,capital market,and foreign exchange market.Based on the evolution of monetary policy transmission mechanism,the paper aims to introduce how the transmission mechanism of different monetary policies influences the construction of monetary policy system and the development of the real economy;besides,the influences of financial innovation on the transmission mechanism and the system construction of monetary policy are analyzed.The conclusion is that the nature of financial innovation is to increase the new optional assets of the asset portfolio of economic subject,and create more complex monetary policy transmission channel.We should understand all these with dynamic time-space outlook.


Anniversaries often provide an opportune moment to reflect on the past and contemplate the present and future. This was certainly the opportunity presented by the anniversaries of the Organisation of African Unity Convention Governing the Specific Aspects of Refugee Problems in Africa (OAU Refugee Convention) and the African Union (AU) Convention for the Protection and Assistance of Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs) in Africa (Kampala Convention) when they turned 50 and 10 respectively in 2019. At the start of the year, the AU Assembly declared 2019 to be the Year of Refugees, Returnees and IDPs in Africa. This declaration was notable in many ways. It galvanized significant regional attention to the prevalence of forced migration and steered the way towards durable solutions to forced migration. The declaration also drove processes towards addressing forced migration at the highest level of regional and national governance. This declaration by the AU Assembly mobilized efforts to tackle the significant challenge presented by forced migration. Within this narrative, pertinent initiatives emerged across various strata. As the Special Rapporteur of the African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights on Refugees, Asylum Seekers, IDPs, Returnees and Migrants, I led the development of General Comment No 5 of the African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights on article 12(1) of the African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights. There is often a general assumption that movement within state borders is free, but this is not always the case. There are challenges with dire consequences for various categories of persons within state borders, including refugees and IDPs. As such, deconstructing impediments to movement is imperative in driving the regional vision towards free movement. The declaration of 2019 as the Year of Refugees, Returnees and IDPs in Africa also brings to the fore the pertinence of academic discourse on forced migration at global and regional levels, with a view to providing critical insights on the regional frameworks (the OAU Refugee Convention and Kampala Convention). These insights offer guidance on addressing issues relevant to the protection of forced migrants in Africa. Moreover, they provide comparative lessons for other regions in the protection of refugees, returnees and IDPs. This Special Issue of the Journal of African Law on Refugees, Returnees and IDPs is significant as it contributes to knowledge on forced migration in Africa that is crucial to unpacking the law and providing durable solutions to forced migration in Africa beyond anniversaries.


Objective To investigate the effect of small hairpin RNA(shRNA) targeting bcl-2 gene on the bcl-2 expression and the biological behaviors of hepatic stellate cells(HSCs).Methods Three designed DNA sequences with small hairpin structure were cloned into the transcripted carrier pGPU6-GFP which was transfected into HSC-T6 by lipofectamine.The expression of bcl-2 was screened by real-time PCR and Western blot.The cell proliferation was assayed by CCK-8 method and the cell apoptosis by flow cytometry.Results pGPU6-GFP-shRNA1,shRNA2 could inhibit the expression bcl-2 mRNA and protein(P0.05),pGPU6-GFP-shRNA1 of which was the most effective one with 80% inhibition rate,significantly decreasing the proliferating activity of HSC(P0.05),but increasing the apoptosis rate 33.34%~44.12%.Conclusion The constructed bcl-2 shRNA expressing plasmid of pGPU6-GFP-shRNA1 an reduce the expression of bcl-2 at maximum,inhibit the proliferation of HSC and induce apoptosis.Experimental basis is provided for gene therapy of liver fibrosis.


A collection of Gaeumannomyces graminis var. graminis isolates obtained from symptomatic rice and grass plants in central and northern Brazil were studied in regard to pathogenicity on rice and cultural characteristics. For all isolates, only one type of lobed hyphopodia was observed both in the field and artificially inoculated plants. Perithecia were formed on artificial media and inoculated leaf sheaths. Hyphopodia were formed from ascosporic germ tubes. The hyphae under moist stress conditions produced dark brown chlamydospores that were initially hyaline. Large variation in the number of chlamydospores produced and duration of perithecia formation was observed among the isolates. Pathogenicity assays showed that 60-day old rice plants were more susceptible than 35-day old plants. The isolates from rice and grasses varied significantly in regard to disease severity on both rice seedlings and adult rice plants. In general, the isolates from rice were more aggressive than the isolates from grasses. Spontaneous infection of rice plants by ascosporic inoculum from perithecia on rice stubbles was observed in the greenhouse, suggesting their role as a source of primary inoculum in the field, which deserves further investigation.


Abstract Auricular pseudocyst (AP) is a rare benign condition that corresponds to an intracartilaginous collection resulting in a noninflammatory cystic swelling of the ear. The objective is to describe ultrasound and clinical presentation of histologically proven AP. An Institutional Review Board (IRB) approved a 6-year retrospective study. Patients with an auricular pseudocyst were selected. Fifty-nine percent of the cases were referred with clinical suspicion of AP. One hundred percent were men, and in 76% of the cases, AP was located in the scaphoid fossa. The mean age was 35 years (76% from 20 to 50 years). Unilateral lesion was present in 94% of the cases. A single lesion was found in 88% and multiple lesions in 12%. On high-resolution ultrasound increased thickness of the cartilage was observed in all patients with a cystic lesion inside the cartilage. Fifty-nine percent of the cases were totally anechoic. The other presented echoes or septa inside the cystic lesion. In conclusion high-resolution ultrasound allows to study the exact anatomic involvement of the cartilage and the surrounding tissues. The auricular pseudocyst presented a characteristic ultrasound finding permitting an adequate early diagnosis and monitoring treatment. Knowledge of this pathology and the sonographic finding is important for a correct diagnosis.


The three-terminal heterojunction bipolar transistor solar cell (HBTSC) concept enables the realization of a monolithic double-junction device with individual current extraction. We present an HBTSC realized by a heterojunction of GaInP and GaAs. The one-sun open-circuit voltage (VOC) of the top and bottom junctions are 1.33 V and 0.99 V, respectively, while fill factors (FF) are above 80%. At one-sun illumination, reducing one junction's bias from VOC to maximum power point degrades the performance of the other junction only slightly (< 0.5% efficiency loss). These results demonstrate the potential of the HBTSC concept to produce high-efficiency independently connected double-junction solar cells.


The presence of water vapor along the path traverse d through the atmosphere by the signal from satellites of the Global Navigation Sat ellite System (GNSS) constellation to the ground-based receivers causes a delay in propag ation which, for geodesic application, normally has to be minimized. However this delay, if estimated with relative precision, can be converted into Integrate d Water Vapor (IWV) values. The most important characteristics of these values are: good quality, high temporal resolution and minimum degradation arising from the influence of clouds, rain or other weather condition. The GNSS data collected during C HUVA campaigns have permitted the building of long and uninterrupted temporal ser ies of IWV, which have made possible the study of the application of GNSS to pr ecipitation nowcasting in very shortterm (smaller than 1 hour). This new GNSS applicati on is based on the assumption that the IWV-GNSS series contain a signature in the sign al that can be used to predict the occurrence of strong precipitation. This GNSS appli cation require IWV values with maximum quality, consequently, several improvements i the GNSS data processing was investigated to generate the most precise IWV s eries during the CHUVA experiments. The IWV values from radiosondes and ra diometer were used as reference in this process. Some new methodologies were used i n this process, such as suitable model of Ocean tide loading deformations effect; co efficient upgraded of the antenna phase center , station coordinate well-determined a n correctly fixed. Another experiment was carried out to determine the most ap propriated elevation mask of the GNSS satellite to generate the best IWV results. Th e results show that the 25o of elevation mask is better than low elevation, becaus e the bias of the IWV-GNSS values decreases significantly. A new methodology of the G NSS data processing has been developed to correct the leap in the IWV series in the final of day, in which several subsequent processes are used. IWV series are compa red with precipitation measurements from rain gauges and radar observation s. Several manners were used to determine the precipitation series from Radar data. The results show that IWV values present the excessive increase during periods that precede strong precipitation and a temporal unconformity can be observed in the correl ation coefficient between the series. The wavelet method has been used to characterize th e pattern of this temporal unconformity. The aim of this work is to present th e evolution of the research about this theme, and some preliminary results in each of the activities listed above will be presented and discussed.


In this paper, a wideband antenna is designed systematically based on characteristic mode analysis (CMA). The antenna consists of a rectangle, a semi-annular ring, and a microstrip line. The radiating behavior and resonant frequencies of the radiating element are analyzed by using first four characteristic modes. First two modes only have wideband behavior and are excited by CPW feeding technique. The proposed antenna is printed on a low cost FR4 substrate with a size of 35×50×1.6 mm3 and impedance bandwidth ranging from 1.6 to 3.8 GHz for the applications of GSM, DCS, LTE, and WIMAX. To validate the proposed approach, the wideband antenna is fabricated and tested. A wide impedance bandwidth of 81% with |S11| < −10 dB is achieved for both simulation and measurement results.


In this article, I extend Balkhi ((2001), 'On a Finite Horizon Production Lot Size Inventory Model for Deteriorating Items: An Optimal Solution', European Journal of Operational Research, 132, 210-...


Due to some inherent defects of mobile devices, such as limited battery energy, insufficient storage space, mobile applications are confronted with many challenges in mobility management, quality of service (QoS) insurance, energy management and security issues, which has stimulated the emergence of many computing paradigms, such as Mobile Cloud Computing (MCC), Fog Computing, etc. These computation paradigms allow to offload some tasks to the cloud for execution, which makes task scheduling crucial both at the mobile device and in the mobile cloud. In this paper, we models this problem as an energy consumption optimization problem, while taking into account task dependency, data transmission and some constraint conditions such as response time deadline and cost, and further solve it by genetic algorithms. A series of simulation experiments are conducted to evaluate the performance of the algorithm and the results have shown that our proposal is more efficient than the baseline approach.


Surveys are ubiquitous in social science research, including economics. Data on public health, unemployment, and inflation all rely on large-scale surveys. However, there is increasing concern that the quality of our surveys is declining due to nonresponse bias (e.g., Meyer, Mok and Sullivan (2015)). Nonresponse bias occurs when the response rates are different depending on the outcome variable. An example is when unemployed individuals are more likely to respond to a survey on employment than employed individuals. Extensive literature has been dedicated to increasing response rates, controlling for nonresponse bias, and imputing missing data: Groves et al. (2002) is a 29 chapter book covering the various aspects of nonresponse, and the entirety of volume 645 of The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science is dedicated to nonresponse (Kreuter, 2013). Of all of the possible causes of nonresponse bias, the most difficult one to address is when the variable of interest has a direct casual effect on the propensity to respond. This is also called "not missing at random" (Groves, 2006). My paper focuses on this type of bias, and I provide a statistical test to detect the presence and sign of nonresponse bias when data is not missing at random. I write down a model for nonresponse bias in the context of estimating the prevalence rate of a certain binary trait of interest D (e.g., depression) in a finite population. I define nonresponse bias as the difference between the probability that someone responds to the survey when they have that trait of interest and when they do not (i.e., P (R = 1|D = 1)− P (R = 1|D = 0)). The model is consistent with the widely known fact that increasing response rates do not necessarily result in lower nonresponse bias. My model leverages the empirical relationship between the observed prevalence rate of D in the survey and response rates. I argue that this relationship has different interpretations when we compare within a survey (i.e., different waves of the same survey) versus when we compare across surveys (e.g., two different surveys on depression in America). The first comparison likely holds the propensity to respond in different groups constant, and the second holds the


ABSTP,•CT.--The nuclei of antwren flocks, studied on Barro Colorado Island, Panama Canal Zone, between October 1977 and March 1978, consisted of pairs or family groups of two species of antwrens, Myrmotherulafulviventris and Microrhopias quixensis. These species defended completely interspecifically overlapping territories and often displayed simultaneously at common boundaries. This type of association, between pairs of different species, has not been reported previously. The study site contained several abutting joint territories. Many insectivorous species of forest birds joined the antwren flocks, but most species occurred only rarely. Individual wintering Dendroica pensylvanica had territories that almost completely overlapped the antwren territories, but other marked attendant species had either small territories overlapping one or two antwren territories or large widely overlapping home ranges that included many antwren territories. The species with small territories, Thamnophilus punctatus, joined the flock only as the antwrens passed through that portion of their territory. Species with large home ranges, in particular three species of dendrocolaptids and Xenops minutus, moved through their home ranges by travelling with antwren flocks and passing between flocks during the territorial border displays of the neighboring antwrens. The most persistent attendant species in the flocks roosted with the ant-


Haemostatic parameters are often altered in cirrhosis. In particular, increased prothrombin time (PT) suggests vitamin K deficiency. Since vitamin K-independent haemostatic factors are also diminished in chronic liver disease, however, decreased hepatic synthesis function and consumption of clotting factors have been proposed to explain such alterations, the latter being related to both disseminated intravascular coagulation and enhanced fibrinolytic activity (FA) (1-4). To evaluate the role of circulating leukocytes in the haemostatic balance of cirrhosis, we have examined the FA of several peripheral blood components in 13 male and female in-patients age d 19:73 years with a histological diagnosis of liver cirrhosis of varying aetiology and a PT between 28 and 88%. A heterogeneous group of 26 non-hepatic patients with no haemostatic disorders acted as controls. Heparinized whole blood and plasma, mononuclear cell, i. e. monocyte and lymphocyte, and granulocyte FA was evaluated in dry l2sl-fibrin-coated plastic wells (a 0.01% l2sl-fibrinogen solution was coated on 16 mm diameterwells by 18 h drying at37" C, converted to fibrin by adding a pH 7.8 tris buffered 0.5 IU/ml thrombin solution, and washed twice with saline) incubated for 3 h at 37" C in room air. Cells were obtained from citrated blood by density gradient centrifugation and gelatin sedimentation as described elsewhere (5), and cultured at a concentration of 4 x 106/ml in either serum-free hepes buffered medium supplemented with 5% bovine serum albumin, or 50"h autologous serum-containing medium. Serum was previously heated for 30 min at 56" C to destroy fibrinolytic inhibitors, so that it primarily constituted a plasminogen addition to cell cultures. In such a system , 2.5 IU of urokinase lysed less than 0.01 pg of fibrin when incubated with serum-free medium and 17 pg when serum was added. The results in the table show that cirrhotic patients displayed a significantly enhanced whole blood FA and a non-significant increase in plasma FA. However, no correlation between whole blood FA and PT values could be observed. The table also demonstrates that mononuclear cell FA was increased in cultures without and with autologous serum, whereas granulocyte FA was not significantly altered. Our data demonstrate that the peripheral blood Ih of cirrhotic patients is enhanced. However, since plasma is little involved such enhancement is fully evident considering blood cell component. As only mononuclear cell FA is increased and, of the cells forming this fraction, monocytes have a particularly active enzymatic pool, our observation could be indicative of reticuloendothelial distress. Moreover, the fact that the changes were observed in both serum-free and serum-containing cultures shows Thble Peripheral blood fibrinolytic activity: pg of lysed fibrin (mean + SD). Two-tail t-test: * p <0.0L; ** p <0.001


The determination of the optimal measurement area of the articulated arm measuring machine belongs to the multi-dimensional function optimization problem under complex constraints. To realize high-precision measurement of low-precision articulated arm measuring machine, we analyze the working principle and error source of the measuring machine, and establish the optimization target model of the optimal measurement area in this paper. We propose a method for determining the optimal measurement area of an articulated arm measuring machine based on improved FOA. The basic FOA algorithm is improved, the historical optimal individual and population centroid information are added in the population iteration update process, and the fruit fly individuals in each iteration are directly used as the taste concentration judgment value, which increases cooperation and information sharing among fruit fly individuals, and improves the global optimization ability and stability of the algorithm. In the designated area of the measuring machine, we have carried out comparative experiments on the optimization results of improved FOA and basic FOA, ACO, PSO, AL-SC-FOA, LGMS-FOA, IPGS-FFO. Experimental results show that the improved FOA, ACO, PSO, and IPGS-FFO algorithms do not fall into local optimum, and the optimal measurement area determined by them is consistent with the optimization results of other algorithms, and is superior to other algorithms in convergence speed and stability, so it is more suitable for determining the optimal measurement area of articulated arm measuring machine.


Abstract Name : Metty Ardika Student's Number : 0906102050007 Study Program : English Education Title : The Implementation of Constructivism Model in Improving Students' Reading of Junior High School (An Experimental Research of the First Grade Students' of SMPN 3 Banda Aceh) Keywords: Reading, Constructivism Model, Descriptive Text This script is about Constructivism Model of Learning. This study aims to find out whether Constructivism model improve students' reading of junior high school or not. Therefore, this study used quantitative research in carrying out the research. The result of this study showed that the students' score increased, which were proven by their scores of pre-test and post-test. The mean score of pre-test was 43.2 and the mean score of post-test was 84.4. Thus the reading comprehension skill also improved. Main idea has an improvement for about 61%, word meaning (vocabulary) for about 46%, references for about 35%, and inferences for about 21%. Moreover, the result of hypothesis testing indicated that Alternative hypothesis is accepted and Null hypothesis is rejected. It is shown from the calculation of T-test, 4.554, which is bigger than T-table. As T-score > T-table, the alternative hypothesis is accepted and null hypothesis is rejected.


A quasi‐static loading procedure is utilized in the pseudodynamic test method to simulate the seismic response of a structure. Hence, a major concern with the results of such tests is the rate‐of‐loading effects. This problem is addressed in the paper by studying the response of an elastic/viscoplastic system that has the rate‐dependent characteristics of a steel structure and is calibrated with the dynamic yield strength of mild steel obtained from prior experimental studies. While a wide scatter of experimental data can be observed, results of this study indicate that the dynamic yield strength of mild steel attained in the seismic response of a structure can be 30% higher than that developed in a pseudodynamic test, depending on the plastic strain rate induced. As a result, the inelastic response developed in a pseudodynamic test tends to be higher than that induced by an actual earthquake excitation. Nevertheless, the discrepancies are small for structures that have relatively low fundamental frequenc...


Cardiorespiratory effects of intermittent positive pressure ventilation (IPPV) with air at different inflation pressures and after subsequent addition of expiratory resistance were studied before and after fresh water instillation. The increase in tidal volume which was produced resulted in a rise in Pao2. With expiratory resistance superadded, Pao2 mostly was lowered with lower inflation pressures, while with higher inflation pressures it generally rose. The blood pressure was generally lowered with increased inflation pressure, particularly so when adding positive end expiratory pressure (PEEP). While hardly influenced by any of the inflation pressures used, right atrial pressure rose and pulmonary arterial pressure generally showed a tendency to fall during PEEP.


This article reports on an efficient technique of using modified complementary split ring resonator metamaterial structures for enhancing isolation between the elements of densely packed microstrip phased array. A two element E‐coupled microstrip phased array operating at 3.7 GHz with edge‐to‐edge element separation of 0.125 λo is realized. The proposed decoupling technique is analyzed by placing the metastructure in between the antennas on the patch layer as well as by etching it in the ground plane. Isolation enhancement of 14.6 dB is achieved when the metastructure is introduced on both top and bottom sides of the antenna array. The measured mutual coupling of −37.1 dB and return loss of −20.7 dB is demonstrated. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 57:759–763, 2015


Aims:  To explore the preventative potential of muscadine grape skin (MGS) and the single flavonoid, quercetin, as an alternative means for ameliorating Helicobacter pylori infection and/or the H. pylori‐induced inflammatory response in mice.