Background Abnormal phenotypic switch of vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) is a hallmark of vascular disorders such as atherosclerosis and restenosis after angioplasty. Recently, microRNAs (miRNAs) emerge as critical regulators for vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) function. Our initial study identified miR-663 as one of the most sharply downregulated miRNAs in human proliferative aortic smooth muscle cells. Hypothesis MiR-663 is implicated in human VSMC phenotypic switch and the development of neointima formation. Methods and Results By using quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR), we found that microRNA-663 (miR-663) was significantly downregulated in cultured human aortic VSMCs upon platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) treatment, whereas its expression was markedly increased during VSMC differentiation as induced by either retinoid acid or SMC differentiation medium, a condition which induces SMC differentiation and inhibits cell proliferation. Furthermore, we demonstrated that overexpression of miR-663 significantly increased the expression of VSMC differentiation marker genes, such as SM22α, SM α-action, calponin, and SM myosin heavy chain, suggesting that miR-663 is a novel modulator implicated in human VSMC phenotypic switch. Moreover, miR-663 potently inhibited PDGF induced VSMC proliferation and migration. Mechanistically, we identified JunB as a downstream target of miR-663 in human VSMCs. Indeed, overexpression of miR-663 markedly inhibited the expression of the transcription factor JunB as well as its downstream molecules including matrix metallopeptidase-9 (MMP-9) and myosin light chain-9 (Myl9), thus inhibiting VSMC proliferation and migration. Finally, we showed that adeno-miR-663 markedly suppressed the neointimal lesion formation by approximately 50% in mice after vascular injury induced by carotid artery ligation, specifically via decreased JunB expression. Conclusion These results indicate that miR-663 is a novel modulator implicated in human VSMC phenotypic switch through targeting JunB expression and suggest that specific modulation of miR-663 in human VSMCs may represent a novel and attractive approach for the treatment of vascular proliferative diseases.


The High Electron Mobility Transistor (HEMT) is a small geometry hetero-junction device that exploits the high electron mobility in an undoped region to achieve high speed operation. Hetero-junction is used to create a narrow undoped electron well which forms the channel for current flow. The electron mobility in the channel is found to be maximum due to the adequate presence of Indium quantity in the alloy. The 2DEG or so called quantum well is created because of the discontinuity in the conduction energy band. In this paper a GaAs/InxGa1-xAs/AlxGa1-xAs based HEMT is proposed and designed with TCAD tool and the DC characteristics such as IdVgs and IdVds are discussed. Various parameters such as Threshold voltages (Vtgm), Vti, Maximum drain current (Idmax), Transconductance (gm) are also extracted from the gate characteristics. Noise analysis and its comparison with MESFET is also discussed as a function of transconductance parameter.


According to the conserved region of PDAT gene available from GenBank,cDNA sequence of PDAT gene from Jatropha curcas L.was cloned by degenerative PCR and RACE.The gene was named JcPDAT1(GenBank accession HQ827796).The full length cDNA of JcPDAT1 was 2 869bp,encoding 670 amino acids.Sequence alignment and phylogenetic analysis revealed that JcPDAT1 shared high homology with PDAT from other plants,such as RcPDAT1(Ricinus communis,75%) and AtPDAT1(Arabidopsis thaliana,74%).The sequence harbored typical functional domains of PDAT.Realtime PCR showed that JcPDAT1 was expressed in different tissues including seeds,leaf,root tip,and was highly expressed in developing seeds,especially at the oil accumulation stage.TLC analysis and Nile red staining showed that JcPDAT1 could restore the TAG biosynthesis and accumulation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae mutant strain H1246α which indicated that the JcPDAT1 possessed PDAT enzyme activity.


This paper describes a new method for assisting the coloring work to achieve good color harmony in documents that contain color diagrams, figures, or images. Generally, good quality for a color document is achieved by color-element unification. Tone, a color element, is often used to arrange color harmony in a color document. A tone model is proposed that describes the color harmonization concept. An approximation formula is developed to describe the tone model. It enables simple correspondence between color coordinates and their tones. Using the tone model, users can generate a color palette that consists of colors whose subjective impression is unified. This palette is provided for coloring work, Because each of these colors has a uniform element in common, a color document, which is painted by colors from one palette, achieves the color harmonization. The tone model also provides another kind of human interface that allows the users to intuitively select a color by using the adjectives that give us the impression of color variations. Emphasis on a diagram part by selecting a color with a different tone is easily visualized. Using the prototype system, the time for coloring work was significantly reduced.


The laser crystals of chromium doped yttrium oxyorthosilicate (YSO) were grown from the melt by Czochralski technique. The crystals of YSO, yttrium pyrosilicate and stillwellite-like lanthanum borosilicate were obtained from high temperature solutions. Lithium and potassium di- and trimolybdates were used as fluxes in the growth experiments on silicate crystals. In the case of borosilicate crystals, the choice of fluxes was based on the potassium trimolybdate with an excess of potassium fluoride. The composition of grown crystals was studied by electron microprobe analysis, and structural characteristics were determined for all the single crystals.


The electrical suite is the result of a personal aesthetic search through which I explore the sound possibilities offered by the different technological resources that can be coupled to an electric guitar and the operation of it together with two different types of ensembles.
The various aesthetics that converge in this proposal range from own music for the guitar of the nineteenth and twentieth century, through avant-garde such as minimalism, experimental music and free improvisation.


The minimum uncertainty and other relations are evaluated in the framework of the coherent states of the damped harmonic oscillator. It is shown that the coherent states of the damped harmonic oscillator are the squeezed coherent states of the simple harmonic oscillator. The unitary operator is also constructed, and this connects coherent states with damped harmonic and simple harmonic oscillators.


The experimental studying and mathematical modeling of laser-induced hydrodynamic phenomena has been carried out. The mathematical modeling of waves on surface of melted material is realized for case of pressure of return vapor presence. The form of free surface of melted material under the laser radiation action were determined.


In 1977, archaeologists discovered the remains of a small east-west oriented city at the site of Wangchenggang 王 城岗 in Dengfeng 登封 County, Henan 河南 Province, which dated to the late Longshan period. The eastern part of the site was largely washed away by the Wudu 五渡 River, however the remaining western part of the site covered an area of roughly 8000 sq m. Inside the city the archaeologists discovered rammed earth structures which contained sacrificial victims in their foundations, as well as several fragmentary pieces of bronze. Based on inscriptions and the archaeological discoveries of the time, the excavators suggested that this site may be the remains of the "Yangcheng 阳城 " founded by the Xia sovereign: Yu 禹. In 1996–2000, a division of the Xia-Shang-Zhou Chronology Project, "Research on the chronology of Xia Period: the early Xia Period analysis" collected samples from the late Longshan area of the site in order to ascertain its C dates. In 2002–2005, two new archaeological projects were initiated around the site: "The pre-research on the origins of Chinese civilization project" carried out a survey of the Longshan era s i tes surrounding Wangchenggang. The actual project later began archaeological work which focused on the periodization of the site, its structure, and settlement patterns in the surrounding area. During these two projects the ruins of a late Longshan period city was discovered. This city was found to have a surface area of over 300,000 sq m and was surrounded by a large moat. The northern wall of this city measured 350m long and 0.5–1.2m high. The northern moat measured 620m long, 15m wide and roughly 5m deep. The western moat measured 135m long, 15m wide and 1.5–2m deep. From the surrounding geography and cores taken across the site it became clear that the other moats and walls had been destroyed. During the excavation of the site we discovered late Longshan period sacrificial pits, jade cong 琮 tubes, and white ceramics: all of which point to the site's importance and possible function as a central place in the region. However, several questions such as the nature of the site of Wangchenggang and the relationship between the large and the small cities have been topics of interest in the scholarly world. This article will discuss each of these themes.


The utility model discloses a bidirectional angular contact thrust ball bearing assembly the structure of which is as follows: two grooves of a male end are arranged on an outer diameter of a space ring, a female end is arranged on the inner diameter of each retainer; when in assembly, a saddle ring, two retainers, two rows of steel balls and the space ring are assembled into a module firstly, and then two shaft washers are arranged. Compared with the existing bidirectional angular contact thrust ball bearing, the bidirectional angular contact thrust ball bearing assembly has the following advantages: the number of parts (modules) of the bearing is reduced to three from original six; and particularly, the saddle ring, the space ring, the two retainers and the two groups of steel balls are assembled into one module, thus enabling the bearing to be extremely convenient to use and install, and effectively solving the problems of the existing bidirectional angular contact thrust ball bearing.


The biochemical effects of the chlorpyrifos organophosphate insecticide and camphor plant oil in addition to their combination were studied and compared against the fourth larval instars of the cotton leaf worm Spodoptera littoralis under laboratory condition. Biochemical analysis showed that the total protein content of the cotton leaf worm larval instars was decreased at 31, 26 and 13.5% by using a camphor extract, chlorpyrifos and combination, respectively. In addition, the activity of acid phosphatase, α-esterase was significantly declined. Biochemical analysis also showed that the alkaline phosphatase activity was increased comparing with control in another side. Acetylcholinesterase enzyme amount and activity were increased with the treatment of camphor extract followed by chlorpyrifos, even though the mixture of them nearly showed the same amount in control trail. In contrast, chitinase enzyme showed a negative effect of both camphor and chlorpyrifos with nearly about the same lowering in the amount and activity of chitinase, while the mixture of them revealed a high positive increasing in the amount and activity of chitinase. On the opposite trend, phenoloxidase enzyme of treated larvae increased by action of chlorpyrifos, followed by camphor, while the mixture of them showed a negative decrease when comparing with the control.


Banks differ from non-financial firms. These differences affect the manner of agency conflicts between the various bank stakeholder groups compared with non-financial firms. However, the main corporate governance arrangements used in the banking industry to mitigate these agency conflicts are largely similar to those of non-financial firms. A case in point is executive compensation. No other major industry has less equity on the balance sheet than banking. However, executive pay in banking is linked to shareholder wealth just as in other industries thus exacerbating existing incentives for bank managers to shift risk. Further, the governance arrangements in banking make the corporate culture prevailing in banks an important subject to study. This chapter reviews the literature on corporate governance in banking with a focus on those aspects of corporate governance in which banks (should) differ from non-financial firms, that is, executive compensation, the composition of the board of directors, and culture in banks. The chapter encourages a more profound rethink of the corporate governance of banks.


The article is devoted to the study of cultural associations reflected in the meanings of Russian and English economic crisis metaphors. The aim of the research consisted in making up a hierarchy of metaphoric crisis images in accordance with their frequency of occurrence in the analysed political and economic texts and correlating the revealed models with certain peculiarities of Russian and American cultural mentalities.


This report summarizes the presentations, discussions and recommendations of a workshop held at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) on April 2425, 2007. The purpose of the workshop was to identify policies of digital preservation and promising technologies to solve preservation problems in product design, engineering, and manufacturing in particular; with possible extensions to include chemistry, biology, and other scientific disciplines. An appendix provides the guidelines used for breakout sessions. Disclaimer Mention of commercial products or services in this paper does not imply approval or endorsement by NIST, nor does it imply that such products or services are necessarily the best available for the purpose.


In the present study, the effect of microstructure on the wear characteristics of spray cast Al-15Si and Al-20Si alloys has been investigated and compared with that of vertical axis centrifugal cast and chill cast alloys. The spray cast alloys have been subjected to Hot Isostatic Pressing for porosity reduction. HIPing has reduced the porosity in the spray cast Al-15Si and Al-20Si alloys from 19% to 8% and 19% to 2% respectively. The microstructures of spray cast alloys consisted of finely divided globular shaped Si particles with sizes varying from 2–10 µm. The Si particles have been distributed uniformly throughout the Al matrix. On the contrary coarse and segregated microstructures have been observed in vertical axis centrifugal cast and chill cast alloys. The sizes of primary and eutectic Si in vertical axis centrifugal cast alloys are smaller than that in chill cast alloys. The wear rates are the lowest for spray cast alloys and highest for chill cast alloys over a wide range of sliding velocity. The reasons for better wear resistance of spray cast alloys have been discussed in the light of the microstructural features evolved during spray casting.


In the disclosed method and apparatus for laser treatment material. In this method and apparatus, a pulsed laser beam diffraction-limited radiation diffracted by the diffraction means for diffracting the beam of pulsed laser radiation. The diffracted beam is then focused onto the material and in time and space are controlled so as to irradiate the material with radiation from the radiation pulses of the diffracted beam set at the target position, such that radiation from each radiation pulse of the group in a cross-sectional portion of the incident pulse of the diffracted beam at the target location, the maximum cross-sectional portion including the local intensity of the diffracted beam. The beam cross section of at least a subset of the set of pulses of radiation pulses each comprise different local intensity maximum. In this manner, the light for generating a multi-pulse dissociated at the target position of the material is applied may be implemented.


slavery from several perspectives. For example, an interactive disto a Union army camp in search of freedom and lift the panel for this choice,they learn that the chances are great that their master wi]1 find them,brilig them back,and punish them. If they decide to stay where they are, they learn that they will continue iii slavery indefinitely. Another display asks what would c,ne do if she or he were a white resident in Ohio and a fugitive slave family appeared at their door


This presentation, MA New LE Substrate", will concentrate on a low expensive substrate developed in conjunction with a new material we call EX30. In developing EX30, our goal was to end up with a material that would be a direct substitute for LE30. A material that could be intermixed, interchanged with LE30 in the production line. We believe we have achieved this goal. A few slides to show why.


Abstract : Perchlorate in groundwater can be from synthetic or natural sources. the latter of which include both historical application of imported nitrate fertilizers from the Atacama Desert of Chile and atmospheric perchlorate. The objective of this study was to evaluate the use of isotopic data to distinguish sources of perchlorate in groundwater in a specific region of the Rialto-Colton and Chino. CA groundwater subbasins. Perchlorate extracted from wells in this region was analyzed for chlorine and oxygen stable isotope ratios and radioactive chlorine-36 isotopic abundance. along with other geochemical. isotopic. and hydrogeologic data. The stable isotope and chlorine-36 data provided relatively unambiguous discrimination of synthetic and Atacama perchlorate sources in most wells having relatively high concentrations. providing regional perspective on anthropogenic perchlorate contamination in the Rialto-Colton and Chino subbasins. Where indigenous natural perchlorate was indicated as a substantial component. total perchlorate concentrations were low and concentrations of anthropogenic components were near background levels.


This paper introduces a computational model for emotion regulation formalising the model informally described by Gross (1998). The model has been constructed using a highlevel modelling language, and integrates both quantitative aspects (such as levels of emotional response) and qualitative aspects (such as decisions to regulate one's emotion). A number of simulation experiments have been performed, demonstrating that the computational model successfully reflects the model as described by Gross.


Research performance impacts the sustainability and growth of the higher education system. The effective instructional designs, intellectual development and innovations are fundamentally based on the research model and artifacts. Since research infrastructure, research skills and job satisfaction are valued as necessary considerations in higher education system for achieving research excellence, the notion that spiritual intelligence can have an impact on research performance is highly feasible. However, this view is one that has not yet been investigated. This study addressed this gap by exploring and examining the potential relationship between spiritual intelligence and research performance in higher education and also by probing the impact of spiritual intelligence on research performance. An investigative approach engaged 1137 participants for surveys on research performance and spiritual intelligence. The qualitative and quantitative data were gathered and analyzed to identify whether spiritual intelligence had any impact on research performance and if so which spiritual intelligence skills, dimensions, traits or attributes could influence an academician's research performance. The study was conducted for a period of three years in India covering major universities and institutes of repute. The research found that those who engaged themselves in spiritual practices and relied on spiritual resources were more likely to have high research performance level. This finding was further supported by the fact that the participants in the study who scored highly in spiritual intelligence assessment tests also had high research performance output. This paper covers these findings and it provides details of the impact of spiritual intelligence on research performance. In addition to this, it also explores the relationship between spiritual intelligence and research performance in higher education.


The phylogenetic analysis of the genera of the family Philophthalmidae (Platyhelminthes: Digenea) was performed by using the phylogenetic methods (cladistics) (sensu Hennig). The following genera were considered in the present analysis: Philophthalmus Looss, 1899, Pygorchis Looss, 1899, Pittacium Szidat, 1939, Parorchis (Nicoll, 1906) Nicoll, 1907, Echinostephilla Lebour, 1909, Cloacitrema Yamaguti, 1935, Ophthalmotrema Sobolev, 1943, Skrjabinovermis Belopolskaja, 1954, Paratrema Dronen & Badley, 1979, Oswaldotrema Muniz-Pereira & Pinto, 2000. In this study, the genus Proctobium Travassos, 1918, was previously considered to test its monophyly. Posteriorly, it was considered a synonym of Parorchis and the species Proctobium proctobium combined as Parorchis proctobium. The species Skrjabinovermis haematopi Diaz & Ramos, 1966, was included in the genus Echinostephilla, due to the presence of a cephalic collar with two rows of spines. Based on the fact that, a previous existing species in genus, has the same name, Echinostephilla haematopi Ching, 1961, a new combination and a new name are proposed to avoid homonym: Echinostephilla nattereri comb. nov. nom. nov. Two species, Proctobium gedoelsti Skrjabin, 1924 and Parorchis holotestis Cable, Connor & Balling, 1960 were analyzed and considered as natural groups. Two new genera were proposed, Neoproctobium gen. nov. and Neoparorchis gen. nov., along with two new combinations, Neoproctobium gedoelsti comb. nov. and Neoparorchis holotestis comb. nov The phylogenetic analysis of the genera we considered valid was based on 48 morphological characters. It produces a unique most parsimonious tree, with a consistency index of 62,8%, a retention index of 69% and a rescalonated consistency index of 0.433. Teh preferred optimization option was ACCTRAN (ACCelerate the evolutionary TRANsformation of a character), considered theoretically superior. The monophyly of the Philophthalmidae was established and is supported by putative synapomorphies. Two subfamilies emerged from the analysis, Echinostephillinae and Philophthalminae, supported by synapomorphies. Previous classifications and character evolution were discussed. The tree symmetry was characterized, with two unequal branches (two subfamilies). The phenomena called heterochrony, which means alteration on tempo and mode of the species development, was discussed and related with species richness number in two genera, Philophthalmus and Parorchis. The characters were analyzed in respect of its homoplastic events distribution. In general, the feminine characters showed to be more homoplastic


The adversarial example is an input carefully designed by the attacker to tamper with the output of the neural network model. The emergence of audio adversarial example is to tamper with the end-to-end automatic speech recognition (ASR) system results. Due to the high difficulty of tampering with the ASR recognition results, the noise produced by today's audio adversarial example generation methods is still easy to be noticed by humans and machines. In this paper, we propose an audio adversarial example generation method that makes audio adversarial example difficult to be perceived based on time-domain restriction. This method hides the adversarial perturbation noise in the speech part of audio by limiting the adversarial perturbation noise in the time domain. Our proposed method is more difficult to be detected by detection methods of audio adversarial example with equal attack performance compared to existing methods. We call the proposed method the HIS (hide in speech) attack.


The system of measures to improve the veterinary service of the Moscow region is implemented successfully. Achieved by improving the state of the territory of the epizootic.


ABSTRACT Rotary drum reactors (RDRs) for accelerated carcass composting are being installed in animal production units as an alternative for the disposal of pig and poultry carcasses in Brazil. The aim of the present study was to investigate the influence of aeration frequency on gas emissions (CO2-C, CH4-C, NH3-N and N2O-N) during composting of pig and poultry carcasses in RDRs. RDRs with a volume of 3.6 m3 (50% useful volume) were used. Aeration time was 24 minutes. Four intervals between aeration periods were tested (treatments) as follows: 1 hour (T1), 2 hours (T2), 3 hours (T3) and 4 hours (T4). Gas emissions were continuously monitored using a photoacoustic gas monitor (INNOVA 1412). Temperature was monitored using iButtons mixed with the biomass. Mathematical models of CO2-C and NH3-N emissions relative to the observed biomass temperature were proposed. Biomass temperature was affected by the treatments. The highest aeration frequency had the shortest thermophilic phase (>50 °C). No significant differences in total gas emissions were observed between treatments (p>0.05). CO2-C and NH3-N emissions were better fitted by non-linear models (R2=0.75 and R2=0.78, respectively). A minimum 2-hour interval should be adopted between aeration periods of 24 minutes to guarantee a longer thermophilic phase and elimination of possible pathogenic contaminants.


secular modernists and Iran's contemporary Islamist regime converge on this point.) Just as damning are the "screens" that contemporary Iranian—and particularly feminist—historiography has erected to conceal the gender ambiguity of the premodern era. "From its inception," Najmabadi asserts, "Iranian feminism has been deeply enmeshed in [the] disavowal, denial, and eradication of male homoeroticism" (235). As a result of historical amnesia, the amrad have been excised from contemporary Iranian historical imagination. Likewise, the same-sex Sufi poetry that lies at the heart of Iranian notions of romantic love has been platonized, transcendentalized, and thus effectively masked. To recapture the fluidity of gender relations in Iran in this period of transition, Najmabadi analyzes with great creativity a wide variety of visual and textual documentation. Her sources range from Qajar-era portraiture (in which lovers appear undifferentiated by gender) to Constitutional-era political cartoons (these ridicule Europeanized—i.e., clean-shaven—Iranian men) to nineteenth-century memoirs of European travel and early twentieth-century romantic novels. In a particularly striking example, Najmabadi deconstructs the iconography of Iran's "lion and sun" emblem. Over time, the lion (symbol of the state) became increasingly masculinized while the (fe)male curly-locked sun was stylized and stripped of gender altogether. In the book's final chapters, Najmabadi considers changes in marriage (from procreative contract to companionate monogamy) and the effects women's education had both within the household and the nation at large. Najmabadi's insistence on invoking her thesis at every turn is slightly repetitious, and in places the writing could have been streamlined, but these are minor complaints. This richly textured study makes an important and original contribution to the literature on Iran. It should naturally appeal to gender theorists and students of nationalism as well.


This document contains the calculation of the TPBAR tritium release from the Mark 9.2 design TPBARs irradiated in WBN cycle 10. The calculation utilizes the generalized cycle analysis methodology given in TTP-1-3045 Rev. 0.


This research analyses the co-movements between sovereign debt markets, and the stock markets of Germany, Portugal, and Greece, in the period 2009:10 – 2015:07. It aims to provide answers to two questions, namely, whether: i) Was there contagion between bond markets and the Eurozone stock markets? ii) Did the financial sector show contagion? The study used GARCH-DCC econometric models, with the purpose of estimating the dynamic correlation between the markets, using daily data of 10-year OT yields for Greece and Portugal, as well as price indices for Portugal (PSI-20, PSI Financial), and Germany (DAX-30 and DAX Financial). In addition, we also evaluate the variation of the correlation in each of the identified crisis periods against a reference period (pre-crisis). The results suggest contagion from the Greek sovereign debt market to the Portuguese and German stock markets. We found that the Portuguese debt market influenced the German stock market, in a market and financial sector context. In conclusion, it is assumed that the results reveal some understanding of the behaviour of investors under extreme market conditions and contribute to the understanding of the connection between sovereign risk and financial sector risk by market agents, including regulators and policy-makers, who seek to ensure the stability of the international financial system, of which the stock markets are a part of.


Conducting library learning activities in the classroom is one of the tasks and receivables in the Field Experience Practice (PPL) activities for all students of the Library of Education and Information Sciences University of Indonesia. Good practice research methodology is one of the alternative choices in estimating the steps that can be taken in the Field Experience Practice (PPL) program of students of the Library of Education and Information Sciences University of Indonesia, which will later become a product of collaboration between the school librarians and teachers at school, and can also present a school product design school learning product. Collaborating in the School Literacy Movement (GLS) activities is one of the bills that must be present in the program, wherein every student of the Library and Information Sciences University of Education program students is required to: 1) Be able to prepare the classroom learning collaboration design with coaching teachers, 2) Able to implement library learning practices, and 3) Able to describe Practical Review Results. Through the field experience (PPL) practice, the students of the Library of Education and Information Sciences University of Indonesia's Education program are able to obtain competencies relevant to their field in an optimal way to work in the workplace, especially in the field of school libraries.


An inhibitor system composed of Poly(N-Methyl Aniline) [PNMANI] and histidine has been evaluated for its synergistic corrosion inhibition performance for mild steel in 0.5M H 2SO 4. PNMANI was prepared by free radical polymerisation using ammonium peroxodisulphate as initiator. 100ppm PNMANI exhibited 70% inhibition efficiency. In order to enhance the inhibitive action of PNMANI, histidine was added as a synergistic additive. The influence of histidine on PNMANI has been evaluated by weight loss and electrochemical methods. As expected, the inhibition efficiency gradually increased with increase in histidine concentration. The maximum inhibition efficiency of 89% was achieved for the inhibitor system viz 100ppm of PNMANI-130ppm of histidine. The enhanced inhibition performance of the inhibitor system has been proven thermodynamically.


The utility model discloses a modularized assembling type steel keel structure for veneer decoration, and belongs to the technical field of building interior decoration. The modularized assembling type steel keel structure comprises longitudinal keels, transverse keels, longitudinal keel fixing mechanisms and transverse keel fixing adjustment bases, wherein the longitudinal keels are hollow rectangular pipes, the cross sections of the longitudinal keels are rectangular, the transverse keels are horizontally connected between two adjacent longitudinal keels in the use state, the longitudinal keel fixing mechanisms are fixed at intervals in the height directions of the longitudinal keels, the two ends of the transverse keels are fixedly connected with the transverse keel fixing adjustment bases on the adjacent longitudinal keels, and a set of veneer hanging buckles are assembled at intervals in the length directions of the transverse keels. The construction links are simplified, efficiency is improved, the quality can be sufficiently guaranteed, cost can be reduced, resources are saved, civilized, clean and environment-friendly operation can be sufficiently reflected, and the rapid and reliable hanging requirement for veneers can be met.


The objective of this study was to identify the presence and distribution of virulence genes via multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction by identification of Streptococcus uberis, one of the agents which cause mastitis in dairy cows. S. uberis strains were identified from samples and stored at -20 °C deep freeze for molecular studies. DNA extraction of the isolated strains was performed according to the procedure with the genomic DNA extraction kit (Fermentas®). The presence of 16S rRNA and virulence-associated genes was examined in all strains identified as S. uberis phenotypically. S. uberis isolation was conducted in 35 (17.5%) of the 200 milk samples. After examination of the identified S. uberis strains by polymerase chain reaction, 16S rRNA gene was detected in a total of 35 isolates (100%) at 1400 bp fragment base pairs. When the virulence genes were examined individually, 32 (91%) strains expressed hasB, 32 (91%) strains expressed gapC, 32 (91%) strains expressed skc, 30 (86%) strains expressed cfu, 30 (86%) strains expressed hasC, 30 (86%) strains expressed hasA 29 (83%) strains expressed sua, 28 (80%) strains expressed oppF, 25 (71%) pauA, 9 (26%) strains expressed Ibp genes. The pauB gene was not identified. When the distribution of virulence genes of S. uberis strains isolated from mastitis cases are examined, it has been shown that the genes which exert capsular formation in terms of the pathogenity of the agent play important role and also the genes involved in the synthesis of serine protease enzymes are distributed in significant proportion.


Proliferation of electronic devices in the present era has entered into every aspect of life. The electronic ballast, a consumer product has earned a great significance in the domestic as well as in the industrial environment because of its low voltage operation, instant starting and to some extent energy saving capacity. The study of EMC measurement and the analysis reveals the emission problem and its effect due to RFI generated by electrical/electronic products. A typical case study on an electronic ballast for the analysis of the EMC effects is presented.


At Columbia University in the year 1928, an English professor named William York Tindall employed an unusual technique to teach a novel. He was a great admirer of the novelist and poet James Joyce. At the time, however, the Random House edition of Joyce's most famous novel, Ulysses, was banned in the United States. It was banned because it was deemed pornography. 1 Tindall, who owned one bootleg copy of the novel, decided to teach it in spite of the ban. To do so, he chained the book to a desk in the college library. Students reserved one-hour blocks of time in order to read the book before class. One would imagine that the blocks of time were reserved far in advance. For, if you are familiar with Ulysses, you know that it is one of the more difficult books in the English language to read. It is certainly harder to read than an essay published in the Philosophy of Education Yearbook, harder even than a difficult philosopher one might assign in a philosophy of education course. Harder than Jacques Derrida or Jacques Ranciere, for example. One might juxtapose this event with a recent event that happened when this essay was being written. Here is the account of one of this essay's authors: I wanted to acquire James Joyce's famous novel so that I would have it in front of me. I opened my Safari Internet browser. I typed in the words "James Joyce Ulysses pdf." I was happily greeted with ten choices as to how I might download Joyce's text. (Only ten choices appeared because I had chosen the default of ten choices per screen. Certainly, there could have been many more screens with many more choices.) I chose a website called planetbook.com, and was greeted with a choice as to whether I wanted a version of Ulysses that simulated the experience of reading a book, with two pages per screen, or a version that contained just one page per screen. Because I am farsighted, I chose the one-page-per-screen version, and was reading the first page of Ulysses almost instantly. From opening my browser to reading Joyce, there was a lapse of not more than twenty-two seconds. Of course, I am still not sure whether the version I had in front of me was a legal version or not. I am still not sure if my own reading of Ulysses might not have been as against the law as the reading of Tindall's students.


Our research article is an insight into nominalization of the naval architecture language. The present research article aims at identifying difficulties encountered in translating compound nominal phrase s in naval architecture texts . In order to achieve this aim, compound phrases are classified according to their components. Furthermore, nominal phrases were translated and analyzed. Out of the total number of nominal phrases, only the most frequent ones were the topic of our interest.


BACKGROUND
Astaxanthin (ASTA) is a kind of food-derived active ingredients (FDAI) with functions of antioxidant, antidiabetic, and nontoxicity, but its poor solubility and low bioavailability hinder further application in food industry. In this study, a novel carrier, polyethylene glycol grafted chitosan (PEG-g-CS), was applied in enhancing bioavailability of astaxanthin firstly. It encapsulated astaxanthin completely by solvent evaporation to manufacture ASTA-PEG-g-CS nanoparticle for improving absorption.

RESULTS
The morphological characteristic of ASTA-PEG-g-CS nanoparticle showed individual and spherical, with a particle size below 200 nm and zeta potential about -26 mV. PEG-g-CS could encapsulate astaxanthin well by profiles of ATR-IR and XRD, and the encapsulated astaxanthin released fast in 15 min from in vitro release study. After rat single-pass intestinal perfusion study, low concentration of ASTA-PEG-g-CS nanoparticle (0.2 μg mL ^-1) had better absorption in intestine, especially jejunum could absorb most astaxanthin without change of concentration. Additionally, in vivo release study demonstrated that ASTA-PEG-g-CS nanoparticle enhanced oral bioavailability significantly.

CONCLUSION
This novel carrier, polyethylene glycol (PEG) grafted chitosan (PEG-g-CS), provided a simple way to encapsulate natural function food which improved the bioavailability of hydrophobic ingredients completely. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.


Abstract From earliest times, the life of actors or actresses was a sort of "escaparate" or showcase, always on display. Much like today's gliteratti, they were both admired and looked down upon. If the acting profession was seen as morally reprehensible in general, the attitude toward women was no less critical. Given social norms that saw the female sex almost exclusively in terms of her body and the female actor in terms of her class, women ought to know their place and keep to it. That actresses were free to look, act, dress, and behave like their "betters" represented a threat to social and moral order, a threat as often condemned from the pulpit as confirmed in the news sources of the time. Nevertheless, then as now, a good scandal—one involving the highest levels of society and carried on abroad—could "make" one's career. Two examples of "making it" abroad—a hundred years apart—are Bernarda Ramírez (1615?–1662) and Petronila Jibaja (1692–1763). Both were of humble origin, both were admired, favored, and kept by aristocrats abroad, and both returned to Spain with fame and fortune that they were able to maintain until their careers ended.


This paper presents examples of a completely integrated control and protection system used to implement and improve process automation, maintenance automation, information management, and information distribution. Specific examples explored include improving transformer operations by pre-cooling for capacity improvement, time-to-trip on overload, and delta-VAr control for parallel banks between local and remote buses; automatic SAIDI/SAIFI reporting; integrating fault reports; and dynamic settings group/protection scheme changes.


The compound-eye camera comprising: an imaging unit (21A, 21B), while for the same subject each frame to generate a plurality of viewpoint images by capturing from a plurality of viewpoints; three-dimensional processing unit (30), a plurality of viewpoint images generated based on the parallax acquired amount; and a CPU (35), change a certain period parallax amount acquired is greater than a predetermined value, the parallax amount reaches a predetermined allowable limit, and can not be detected parallax amount of at least one instance of an object of acquisition, it is determined that the parallax abnormal amount, in either case is not the case, the parallax amount is determined that no abnormality, it is determined that there is no abnormality in the parallax amount, parallax adjustment is performed first, it is determined that there is an abnormality in the parallax amount, and switched to the said control different from the first parallax adjusting second parallax adjusting parallax adjustment control is performed. Thus, even if there is a problem in the parallax amounts of the plurality of viewpoint images obtained by itself or can not be detected in the case where the object of parallax adjustment, the parallax can be adjusted appropriately.


In "Where Have We Been, Where Are We Going To? Taking Stock in Creativity Research," the author attempted to use 2 recent handbook publications as a basis for drawing some general conclusions about the current state of affairs in creativity research. The commentaries provided by Eisenberger, Kaufmann, Runco, and Russ with regard to this review not only aptly illustrate some key points made in this feature article, but also provide some thought-provoking extensions of this review. In this reply, the author considers these commentaries with respect to both points of agreement and disagreement. With regard to points of disagreement, he stressed in his initial review, and would continue to stress, the practical, social aspects of creative work, as well as the need to reference creativity against products as opposed to potential. In agreement with the commentators, however, he would argue that creativity research has now progressed beyond the provisional hypotheses generation stage. Thus, the challenge confronting us is to bring about integration while simultaneously conducting research evidencing greater specificity with regard to processes, tasks, domains, and requisite dispositional characteristics.


Aims • High Dose Antipsychotic Treatment defined as 100% of the maximum recommended dose in British National Formulary, either as single agent or in combination. • HDAT and poly-pharmacy may be linked to heightened mortality for psychiatric patients. The Committee on Safety of Medicines, Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency recommended ECGs, electrolyte monitoring after each dose escalation, and 6 monthly intervals. • The Royal College of Psychiatrists in 2006 suggested some justifiable cases of temporary poly-pharmacy with careful monitoring. • This audit has been done in past to improve standards, especially in High Secure Setting where prescribing HDAT is a common practice • To audit adherence to "HDAT monitoring guidelines" including regular monitoring of bloods, physical observations and ECG , done after every dose escalation plus at every 6 months. • To monitor compliance with consent to treatment documentation including reasons of being on HDAT, documentation of physical health monitoring results Method • All patients prescribed high dose antipsychotic (regular and as required) were identified by treating Consultants and also going through drug cards. • One year retrospective review of haematological, ECG and physical observations were identified through Electronic notes Result • 6 % of patients received HDAT within Rampton Hospital in 2018(12 males' vs 6 females). • All patients on Regular HDAT had yearly TFT done whereas only 71% had prolactin monitoring done. • Approximately 50-60% of patients had quarterly blood monitoring including glucose, electrolytes, lipids, liver function test and full blood count. • About 40% of patients had quarterly ECG monitoring recorded. • 100% patients on regular HDAT had quarterly physical observation monitoring compared to 81% patients on HDAT (including PRN). • Consent forms were completed for all patients on HDAT. 85% patients on regular HDAT has the reasons for treatment documented in the notes compared to 100% patients on HDAT (including PRN). Conclusion • Improvement in monitoring of blood parameters and cardiac function (ECG) 40-60% as compared to 2014 audit (8% to 23%). • Yearly monitoring of TFTs and Prolactin also appeared better (100% and 71%) which was (88% and 72% in 2014). • Quarterly physical observations were recorded in 77% patients on regular HDAT in 2014 which improved to 100% in 2018. • There was slight difference for those who were on PRN (77% to 81%). All prescribers informed about results and reminded of recommended guidelines • Reaudit in 2021-22 to measure change in clinical practice in prescribing HDAT.


Abstract Plants produce a large family of natural compounds, isoprenoids, which are essential for a wide range of physiological functions including plant growth, development and reproduction. Most of enzymes involved in isoprenoid biosynthetic pathways have been characterized and their genes cloned. In the past few years, transgenic plants have been used in order to unravel the molecular mechanisms for regulation of isoprenoid biosynthesis. Various examples of such plants, carrying in addition agronomical advantages, have been reported. In spite of a possible horizontal dispersion of transgenes, such transformation experiments should be able to provide significant results on plant physiology.


IT SHOULD have been a simple task, in acceding to the invitation of the Editor, to write a short essay entitled "Important Events in Cardiology, 1940-1982: A Retrospective View," but it did not turn out that way. During this, my 50th medical school anniversary, I have pondered how one could choose events that would be unusual milestones in cardiological progress. How could one possibly include so many items deserving of mention? (1) Basic science advances , eg, transmembrane potential recordings in relation to sodium-, potassium-, and calcium-related currents, (2) awe some developments in technology , eg, the new generation of cardiac pacemakers, (3) new methodologies in diagnostic techniques , eg, coronary arteriography, (4) revolutionary approaches to myocardial metabolism evaluation , eg, radionuclide imaging, (5) new drugs for the management of arrhythmias and anginal pain, (6) administrative and societal events such as the establishment of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) (1948), and (7) heart


During a routine exam, a woman complains of intermittent abdominal and intestinal pain for which there is no apparent cause. On occasion, the pain has been so intense she has gone to the ER only to be released with no apparent cause for the pain or emergency condition at hand. You wonder, could this be irritable bowel syndrome? Because more women are presenting with signs and symptoms that could be IBS, nurses in primary care settings particularly need information regarding IBS, including its symptoms, etiology, gender differences and management strategies.


The SOHO spacecraft is a solar observatory, located near the Lagrange Point Ll of gravitational equilibrium between earth and sun, about 1.5 million km from earth. It has been in orbit since 2 December 1995, and is part of the international solar terrestrial science programme. Its 11 instruments have been observing the solar wind, the sun's corona and interior nearly un-interrupted since then. The spacecraft was designed by ESA for a nominal life of 2.5 years, but operations have since been extended until at least 2003. The power system with its solar array and batteries contains some of the most important life limiting items, and it is examined here for its past performances and future reserves. In summer 1998 the spacecraft was temporarily lost for more than two months, whereby the capabilities and deficiencies of the power system played a vital role in the recovery.


Graphs are highly prevalent as a form of quantitative data in various science, technology, engineering and mathematics fields. Thus, graphical literacy is especially important in understanding today's world and being scientifically literate. However, students often face difficulties in graph interpretation and differ substantially in their graphical literacy. While many teachers are aware of students' difficulties in answering graph items, there is limited knowledge about how students go about attempting graph items. In this exploratory study, we investigated the eye-gaze patterns of experts and novices in graph interpretation of five science inference-based multiple-choice items requiring no prior content knowledge to problem-solve. Experts refer to science university faculty members who are currently teaching science content courses to undergraduate students. Novices refer to university undergraduates majoring in one of the science subjects. Participants' eye-gaze movements were recorded using the Dikablis eye-tracker, and their eye-gaze patterns and total glance time (s) were subsequently analyzed using the software D-Lab 3.0. Experts focused more on the question stem, whereas novices focused more on the graph. Additionally, experts tend to focus on contextual and graph data features initially, before moving to cues such as options. Conversely, novices demonstrated more sporadic search patterns. The findings contribute to the literature that compares how experts and novices' problem-solve graph items that are inference-based. An interesting future study on the eye gaze patterns and accuracy of answers is suggested from a finding. This study also provides a set of heuristics to be adopted in the teaching and learning of graph interpretation. The findings of this study have implications for teachers in the way they scaffold students' approach to answering graphical items. Additionally, students can employ heuristics to answer graphical items more effectively.


Road safety is of prime importance as road accidents are among the biggest causes of deaths in the country. Road Accidents are majorly due to violators and lawbreakers of road safety rules like not wearing helmets, triple riding etc. Even though there are many smart systems to monitor these violations, it is complicated to keep a track of the data and view it efficiently anywhere. Also monitoring the permit details of other state vehicles is hard. A method was proposed to address this issue. based on Deep learning and Optical Character Recognition (OCR). Here we detect the riders not wearing helmet and triple riders using object detection by comparing YOLOv2 and YOLOv3. This simplifies the task of traffic police who can't continuously and efficiently monitor all the violators. We gathered our data from three different sources. Kaggle was used to collect the data set. A number of items can be recognized by the real-time object recognition system YOLO in a single frame. It recognizes object more precisely and faster than other recognition systems. It can predict up to 9000 classes and even unseen classes. It divides the image into m*m matrix and each grid detects objects within itself. The trained model is tested using a test dataset set after training in order to measure the performance. For Number plate detection we use OCR based character recognition. The recognized license plate images of violators are captured and stored in a database which is then sent to the concerned department. The stored data can be easily accessed using the developed mobile app. Metrics considered for evaluation is Accuracy. The average is utilized to assess object detection models like R-CNN and YOLO. The average calculates a score by comparing the detected box to the ground-truth bounding box. The better the score, the more precise the model's detections are. When compared to YOLOv2, YOLOv3 exhibits strong performance in terms of accuracy with 95.5%. Keywords—Deep learning; Object detection; Convolutional Neural Network; YOLOv2; YOLOv3


Many are concerned that China's currency is undervalued and that this injures the U.S. economy. The Chinese authorities say they are not manipulating their currency and they want to move as soon as possible to a market-based yuan. A new exchange rate procedure was announced in July 2005 but has not resulted in meaningful changes in the yuan's international value. This report reviews the issues and discusses alternative approaches the United States might take to encourage more rapid reform.


Introduction The choice of intravenous fluid for fluid therapy in critically ill adult patients remains a matter of debate. Currently, crystalloids are used more often than colloids, with ongoing controversy over the relative efficacy and safety of buffered salt solutions (BSS) versus normal saline (0.9% sodium chloride). In 2021 two large pragmatic trials enrolling critically ill patients will add substantial new data to address this controversy. We will conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) that will include the data from these two trials to provide clinicians with the most up to date evidence and robust evidence to guide their choice of crystalloid fluids. Methods and analysis We will include RCTs that compare the effect of buffered salt solutions to normal saline for fluid resuscitation and/or fluid therapy in critically ill adults, on all-cause mortality and other patient centred outcomes. We will perform a search that includes the electronic databases MEDLINE and EMBASE, and clinical trial registries. Two reviewers will independently screen titles and abstracts, perform full article reviews and extract study data, with discrepancies resolved by a third reviewer. We will report study characteristics and assess risk of bias using the Cochrane Risk-of-Bias tool. We will perform Hartung-Knapp-Sidik-Jonkman random-effects aggregate data meta-analysis whenever it is feasible to do so. We will evaluate overall certainty of evidence using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) framework. Ethics and dissemination This systematic review and meta-analysis does not require ethical approval as it does not involve primary data collection. We will publish our results in a peer-reviewed scientific journal and present them at national and international scientific conferences. PROSPERO registration number: CRD42021243399


A hybrid mode analysis is presented for shielded single and coupled slotlines on a suspended substrate. The method is based on the transverse modal analysis (TMA) technique. Numerical results are consistent with other theories.


Metallic transition metal aluminides and gallides with the CsCI structure and semi-metallic rare earth monopnictides with the NaCi structure have been grown as buried conducting layers in III-V compound semiconductor heterostructures. The criteria for achieving (100) oriented epitaxial growth on (100)111-V semiconductor surfaces is different for each class of materials. The methods used to achieve III-V/metal/llI-V heteroepitaxial structures are discussed here with emphasis on the different approaches needed for the aluminides or gallides and the monopnictides. Work producing exact lattice matching between the buried metal and surrounding semiconductor layers makes possible the separation of lattice mismatch effects from those due to other interface parameters. Results to date indicate that defect structures in the overgrown semiconductor layers arise more because of differences in crystal symmetry, interface chemistry and bonding across the interface than lattice mismatch.


Objective: to analyze psychosocial risks related to the load, pace and work hours of nurses in the Family Health Strategy. Method: this is a qualitative, descriptive, exploratory study, in which 18 nurses from the Family Health Strategy teams participated. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and, subsequently, thematic inductive analysis was performed. Results: the misuse of function, the accumulation of activities, long working hours and an accelerated work rhythm were identified as psychosocial risks, leading to the physical and mental exhaustion of the professionals. Conclusion: it is necessary to promote the exercise of reflection by health managers on the workloads and hours imposed on nurses in the Family Health Strategy, rethinking participatory management models that assist them in facing this problem, encouraging compliance with current labor laws, in addition to suggesting possible personal and institutional strategies to eliminate or minimize the negative effects of risks. Descriptors: Occupational Risks; Work Load; Family Health Strategy; Nurses; Primary Health Care; Work. RESUMO Objetivo: analisar riscos psicossociais relacionados à carga, ao ritmo e à jornada de trabalho dos enfermeiros da Estratégia Saúde da Família. Método: trata-se de um estudo qualitativo, descritivo, exploratório, no qual participaram 18 enfermeiros das equipes da Estratégia Saúde da Família. Coletaram-se os dados por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas e, posteriormente, foi realizada análise temática indutiva. Resultados: identificaram-se como riscos psicossociais o desvio de função, o acúmulo de atividades, longas jornadas de trabalho e ritmo de trabalho acelerado, acarretando a exaustão física e mental dos profissionais. Conclusão: deve-se promover o exercício da reflexão de gestores de saúde sobre as cargas e jornadas de trabalho impostas aos enfermeiros da Estratégia Saúde da Família, repensando modelos de gestão participativa que os auxiliem no enfrentamento deste problema, incentivando o cumprimento das leis trabalhistas vigentes, além de sugerir possíveis estratégias pessoais e institucionais para eliminar ou minimizar os efeitos negativos dos riscos. Descritores: Riscos Ocupacionais; Carga de Trabalho; Estratégia Saúde da Família; Enfermeiros; Atenção Primária à Saúde; Trabalho. RESUMEN Objetivo: analizar los riesgos psicosociales relacionados con la carga, el ritmo y las horas de trabajo de los enfermeros en la Estrategia de Salud Familiar. Método: este es un estudio cualitativo, descriptivo, exploratorio, en el que participaron 18 enfermeros de los equipos de la Estrategia de Salud Familiar. Los datos se recopilaron a través de entrevistas semiestructuradas y, posteriormente, se realizó un análisis inductivo temático. Resultados: el mal uso de la función, la acumulación de actividades, las largas horas de trabajo y un ritmo de trabajo acelerado se identificaron como riesgos psicosociales, lo que llevó al agotamiento físico y mental de los profesionales. Conclusión: es necesario promover el ejercicio de reflexión por parte de los gerentes de salud sobre las cargas de trabajo y las horas impuestas a los enfermeros en la Estrategia de Salud Familiar, repensar los modelos de gestión participativa que les ayuden a enfrentar este problema, alentando el cumplimiento de las leyes laborales vigentes, además de sugerir posibles estrategias personales e institucionales para eliminar o minimizar los efectos negativos de los riesgos. Descriptores: Riesgos Laborales; Carga de Trabajo; Estrategia de Salud Familiar; Enfermeros; Atención Primaria de Salud; Laboral. University of São Paulo/USP. Ribeirão Preto (SP), Brazil. 1 https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0589-6312 2 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8563-8980 3 https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5211-5422 4 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6575-5426 5 https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2089-3304 *Article extracted from the dissertation << The work of nurses in the Family Health Strategy: working conditions, psychosocial risks and management strategies >>. University of São Paulo/USP, 2018. How to cite this article Celestino LC, Leal LA, Ribeiro BMSS, Dalri RCMB, Henriques SH. Psychosocial risks of family health strategy nurses. J Nurs UFPE on line. 2020;14:e244985 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5205/1981-8963.2020.244985 ORIGINAL ARTICLE Celestino LC, Leal LA, Ribeiro BMSS, Dalri RCMB, et al. J Nurs UFPE on line. 2020;14:e244985 http://www.ufpe.br/revistaenfermagem/ It is known that the Family Health Strategy (FHS) is the model for reorganizing primary health care in the country, which aims to strengthen the national policy of integrative and complementary health practices. The FHS is composed of a multidisciplinary team and each worker performs a set of actions separately, seeking to articulate them with the actions of the other agents. The nurse in the FHS is considered the team leader due to the multiplicity of tasks assigned to him. Among these attributions, the planning and execution of actions within the scope of public health, the carrying out of health promotion actions, disease prevention, healing and rehabilitation, when necessary, in addition to the mediation of intersectoral actions, stand out, management of health services, development of health education and continuing education. Therefore, it is possible to affirm that these workers can face stressful situations on a daily basis related to the demands of their work, leaving them exposed to occupational risks and, among them, psychosocial risks. Psychosocial risks at work are those related to the conception, organization and management of work, which, when present, can generate physical, mental or social damage to workers. In the FHS, the nurse has a relevant role in the team with many assignments, which contributes to the acceleration of the pace of their work and, consequently, to the generation of work overload. This burden was identified in nurses' daily lives, in various spheres of activity, by national and international researchers. It appears that, in the FHS, this situation does not seem to be different and this professional has encountered situations that hinder his work process, such as long hours and fast pace of work due to the excessive demand from users, infrastructure of the committed units, human resources and insufficient materials, fragile labor contracts, dissatisfaction with wages, among others. The overload and the fast pace of work can have consequences for the care provided to the user and to the FHS worker. Nurses have been affected by emotional overload, physical overload, low levels of satisfaction with the service, mood swings, depression, anxiety, stress, infectious diseases, insomnia, osteoarticular pain, sprains, bruises, dislocations, fractures and motor disability, which lead to a high rate of absenteeism and accidents at work. In the conception of work psychology and ergonomics, the workload can be defined as demands or psychobiological demands of the work process. It is warned that it deserves special attention, as this can generate physical and mental strain on the worker. It is known that the relationship between extensive workloads and working hours with the illness of nursing professionals is evidenced. Workloads can also be classified as Biological Loads when the professional comes into contact with body fluids and chemicals; Physiological Loads refers to ergonomics, such as the way in which professionals perform their work, sitting or standing, and the Psychic Load which is directly linked to precarious working conditions, leading professionals to mental illness. It is believed, when looking at the current conjuncture of national human resources and Occupational Health policies, specifically that of FHS nurses, in the relevance of problematizing the occupational risks of these individuals, those psychosocial ones related to the load, pace and journey of their work. In this sense, it is questioned, considering the complexity of the relationship between workhealth-illness and the Brazilian health reality: "Do nurses working in FHS teams feel overwhelmed? What is the pace of your work? Do they work long hours?". Thus, this study should provoke reflection by nurses and managers on relevant aspects related to the work process of the FHS nurse, in the perspective of adopting measures or identifying strategies that promote fair and appropriate forms of work in order to avoid or mitigate wear and tear of this worker. It is also necessary to reflect on the role of training centers in preparing future nurses to work in the context of the FHS. • To analyze psychosocial risks related to the load, pace and working hours of nurses in the Family Health Strategy. It is a qualitative, descriptive, exploratory study. The study was developed according to the COREQ precepts (for qualitative research). The study scenario was composed of 18 FHS units in a city in the interior of Minas Gerais, Brazil. It is revealed that nurses working in the FHS units of that city participated in the research, exercising their activities for more than three months from the beginning of data collection, since this working time should allow these professionals to have experiences to identify the working conditions present in their work context. It is reported that 18 nurses working in the selected units participated in the research and, for data collection; semi-structured interviews were recorded in audio and later transcribed. Interviews were conducted to avoid bias in July 2018, with an average duration of 20 minutes. INTRODUCTION


usage of satellite images and extracting road from the imagery becomes very significant in the services related to road transportation such as maintenance, creation and so on. The literature has numerous works for road extraction but very less contribution is found in dealing with rural areas. In the previous work, ANN-based road extraction technique has been proposed. However to improve the performance of the technique, herewith a new road extraction technique is proposed. The proposed technique extracts the road mainly with the contribution of gradient operation and skeletal ray formation over the subjected satellite imagery. As minor operations, filtering and threshold- based processing is performed. At the end, a coloring is performed followed by a morphological operation to extract the final road from the subjected rural areas. The proposed technique is tested with different satellite images and the results are compared against the previous technique. The comparative analysis show that the proposed technique outperforms rather than the previous technique in terms of standard performance measures such as completeness, correctness and quality.


The invention relates to a method of igniting very lean fuel-air mixtures having disposed on the edge of a main combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine spark ignition precombustion chamber ignition plug, which is connected via transfer ports with the main combustion chamber, a small amount of additional fuel valve control is introduced into the pre-chamber. The invention further relates to an arrangement, in particular for use in gas engines, with a surrounding a spark plug pre-chamber, which has the main combustion chamber leading, preferably tangentially extending transfer ducts, and with a Zuatzkraftstoff feeding extremely thin supply channel through which, in particular time-controlled with a solenoid valve under standing high pressure fuel during the compression stroke of the internal combustion engine is metered.


In my diploma thesis I deal with the teachers' motivational stance towards working with musically gifted students, as this area has not been the subject of extensive research. As an introduction, I shall present the structure of the role of the teacher, for which motivation is one of the crucial elements. It is this structure that takes up a great part of the diploma thesis, as it describes the problem that is at the heart of the research. The second part of the thesis deals with working with musically gifted students.

In my diploma thesis I have focused on the six motivational topics and examined the motivational stance teachers have towards working with musically gifted students. A total of 135 working teachers and students – future teachers, have taken part in the research.
In the empirical part I have relied on the questionnaire »Orientations for Teaching Survey - OTS« (Rotar Pance, 1999). I have arranged this questionnaire in such a way that it encompasses various motives teachers have for working with musically gifted students. I have checked whether their motivation levels differ according to their status, work experience, level of education, type of education and additional music education. During the research, the participants have noticed a high level of the altruistic, continuous, interpersonal and stimulational topic. They have ranked the influence of others and the psychological topic lower. The results of the questionnaire differences have shown that the motivation is mostly dependent on additional musical education. The motivation is not affected by their status, age, work experience, level and type of education.

The results have shown that only half of the participants are prepared to work with musically gifted students after the individual education plan.

In my diploma thesis, I have come to the conclusion that the motivation of teachers is different to a degree, but is mostly dependant on the individual effort of the teacher. Additional education, such as taking part in musical activities and seminars, is what can significantly affect the teachers' motivation towards working with musically gifted students.


MONGOLIA SHARES A 2500-mile border with China and a 1700-mile border with the Soviet Union-a fundamental geopolitical fact. Chinese and Russian contacts with the Mongols have been long and direct. The location of the Mongol land between China and Russia has long determined the destiny of the Mongols, and the Mongolian policy towards China and the Soviet Union clearly flows from and reflects Mongolia's geographical position. Mongolia's recent political development in particular has been decisively affected by its position between these great neighbors. This article mainly analyzes Mongolia's relations with the People's Republic of China (PRC) and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) since the Sino-Soviet treaty of friendship and alliance signed in Moscow on February 14, 1950-i.e., since the time that China and Russia together confirmed and guaranteed Mongolian independence, first wrested by Joseph Stalin from Chiang Kai-shek at Yalta on February 11, 1945. Mongolia could have benefited from aid from both China and the Soviet Union, but the Sino-Soviet conflict since the 1960s has made it side with Moscow. During the period of Sino-Soviet friendship-i.e., from 1950 to 1959-Mongolia appeared to pursue a policy of equal friendship with both powers. After 1959-i.e., after China and the Soviet Union began quarrelling-Mongolia started supporting the Soviet Union and endorsed the Soviet stand on such issues as disarmament, Vietnam, the China-Indian border dispute, West Asia, and so on. The world first became aware of the Mongols in the 13th century when Chingis Khan (1 162-1227), welding the Mongol tribes into a military organization, conquered an empire extending from the Pacific


Objective To investigate the possibility of survivin inhibition by lentiviral vector-mediated RNA interference and the influence on cell apoptosis in pancreatic cancer cell line.Methods The lentiviral vector of SiRNA targeted against survivin(LV-shRNA-survivin-1,LV-shRNA-survivin-2,LV-shRNA-survivin-3) was constructed and transfected into the packaging cells 293T,and then the supernatant with virus was collected to transfect SW1990 cells.Quantitative real-time fluorescent PCR and Western-blot were used to detect the expression of survivin.DAPI staining and detection of enzymatic activity of caspase 3/7 were employed to examine cell apoptosis.Results Three lentiviral vector-survivin-shRNA were constructed successfully.In the LV-shRNA-survivin-1 group,the survivin mRNA and protein expression inhibitory rate was 73.50% and 87.64% respectively;when compared to control group,the activity of caspase-3/7 increased significantly,which showed a 14.5-fold increase,and apoptosis increased 11.95%.Conclusions Lentiviral vector-mediad RNA interference targeted against survivin can effectively inhibit survivin expression and increase cell apoptosis significantly.


We discuss a model which is apt to describe the appearance of a spin-polarized half-metallic state around a single δ layer of a magnetic transition metal embedded into a nonmagnetic semiconductor host. We show that ferromagnetism in this system can be attributed to the intrinsic physical properties of the δ layer. The relevant physicaleffectsdescribedbyourmodelarethehybridizationoftheelectronstatesofthemetalandsemiconductor atoms, the charge redistribution around the δ layer, and the electron-electron correlation on a metal atom, which is the driving force of ferromagnetism. We obtain the mean-field phase diagram of the model at zero and finite temperature, both in the case when the chemical potential is fixed, and when the density of particles on the δ layer isfixed.Therelevanceofourresultsinconnectionwithnumericalandexperimentalresultsontheso-calleddigital magnetic heterostructures, in the absence and in the presence of a quantum-well carrier channel, is eventually discussed.


For many robotic tasks, particularly those of service robots operating in human environments, the scope of object detection needs is greater than the available data. Either public datasets do not contain the entire set of objects needed for the task, and/or it is a commercial application that cannot use public datasets for training. Instead of hiring people to hand-label more data to support the integration of new objects into robot perception, we propose an interactive training process requiring zero hand labeling. With as little as 4 minutes of interaction with the robot per object, we demonstrate 99% precision and 57% recall in stationary object detection tasks.


Ca /Calmodulin-dependent kinase IV (CamKIV) has been suggested to be involved in multiple physiological processes including male and female fertility, T-cell maturation, and long-term memory (Corcoran and Means, 2001). It is activated in response to Ca /calmodulin and by phosphorylation of Ca /Calmodulin-dependent kinase. CREB (cAMP response element binding protein) is one of the best defined substrates of this kinase. CamKIV activates CREB-dependent transcription via phosphorylation of serine 133 in the CREB protein (Corcoran and Means, 2001). Inactivation of the CamKIV (Camk4) gene has been reported by two independent groups. Interestingly, in one study the inactivation of CamKIV shows a severe phenotype consisting of impaired viability, male and female infertility, and neurological disorders (Ribar et al., 2000; Wu et al., 2000; Wu et al., 2000), whereas only a mild neurological phenotype was observed in an independent study (Ho et al., 2000). The discrepancy in the phenotypes of the two knockouts could be due to the different placement of the PGKneo cassette into the targeting constructs. It has been shown that the presence of the PGKneo cassette can influence the phenotype of knockout mice (Scacheri et al., 2001). Thus, the generation of CamKIV conditional knockout mice using the Cre/loxP system is an attractive alternative since it allows the generation of a null mutation that lacks the PGKneo cassette (Gu et al., 1994). A fragment of DNA containing the ATP binding domain of the CamKIV gene (exon III) was isolated from a 129-PAC genomic library. Since it has previously been shown that mutation of lysine 71 in the ATP binding domain abolishes kinase activity (Chatila et al., 1996), we chose to flank exon III, which contains this residue with two loxP sites. In addition, deletion of this exon should create a frame shift that prevents translation of the rest of the protein. The targeting construct was generated using ET-cloning (Angrand et al., 1999; Zhang et al., 1998). In the first round of ET-cloning, a loxP site was introduced downstream of exon III of the targeting construct (Fig. 1A). In the second round, the loxP●FRT●PGKTn5neo●FRT cassette was introduced upstream of exon III (Fig. 1A). Finally, the TK gene was introduced in the targeting construct by standard cloning procedures to generate a TK/neo fusion gene (PGKTK/neo). A total of 129 ES cells were electroporated with 20 g of linearized construct. ES cell clones were analysed for the correct homologous recombination event by Southern blot analyses using a 5 external probe (Fig. 1B), a 3 external probe (Fig. 1C) and an internal probe (data not shown). The FRT●PGKTn5TK/neo●FRT cassette was removed from correctly targeted ES cell clones by electroporation of the FLPe-expressing plasmid pCAGGS-FLPe (Fig. 1A) (Schaft et al., 2001). From 200 gancyclovirresistant clones, two were positive for excision of the FRT●PGKTn5TK/neo●FRT cassette as determined by Southern blot analysis. Chimeric animals were generated by blastocyst injection of positive ES cell clones and mated to C57BL/6 animals for germ-line transmission. In order to validate the functionality of the loxP sites in vivo, CamKIV flox animals (CamKIV) were mated with transgenic mice expressing the Cre recombinase under the control of a CamKII BAC (CamKII iCre) (Casanova et al., 2001). Double-transgenic animals CamKIV, CamKII iCre (CamKIV ) showed selective loss of the CamKIV protein only in those regions where the Cre recombinase is expressed. Specifically, CamKIV expression was lost from hippocampus, striatum, and cortex but not cerebellum (Fig. 2). In summary, we have generated mice with a conditional CamKIV allele using a combination of ET-cloning and the Cre/loxP and FLP/FRT systems, which allows the rapid generation of targeting constructs. Furthermore, the ET-cloning technique allows the introduction of loxP and FRT sites into DNA which is independent of restric-


A single overall grading is the hallmark of test reporting practices in education. This assessment system has provided an efficient and convenient means of reporting test results for a summative purpose such as certifying students on completion of a course of study or selecting students who can benefit from the next level of education. However it is less useful for reporting results for a formative purpose such as monitoring students' learning progress or diagnosing their learning difficulties. The National Institute of Education has developed a computerised assessment tool known as "NIE Computerised English Language Test" (NIECELT) for testing the English language proficiencies of prospective students in pre-service teacher training programmes. NIECELT, however, can be used for creating appropriate tests meant for any other grade level as well – primary, secondary or college. This paper will describe a profiling assessment system to be incorporated into the test reporting of language proficiencies. NIECELT, an interactive mode of computerised testing, presents a number of sub-tests for assessing a student's level of competence in English sentence structure, collocation, text cohesion, text meaning, editing skills as well as semantic awareness. By harnessing the computer's unique capabilities in data management, the student's performance in specific language skill areas can be profiled. Background Research in language testing over the last decade has moved in tandem with developments in computer technology. As noted by Alderson & Scott (1991), "the computer has a potentially significant role to play in language testing, especially in presenting a 'user-friendly' testing environment to the test candidate, in providing a variety of options and routes through a test, and in recording information which will not only assess linguistic performance, but will also help in identifying candidate's test-taking strategies" (p.226). It is a truism that in this technology-laden era, computers are fast changing the way we do things. At the National Institute of Education, a computerised assessment tool known as NIECELT has been developed for testing the English language proficiencies of prospective students in preservice teacher training programmes. NIECELT, however, can be used for creating appropriate tests meant for any other grade level as well – primary, secondary or college. NIECELT, which has been conceptualised as an automated testing system for English Language, incorporates applications of the computer for performing expeditiously several otherwise tedious and timeconsuming tasks in the testing process. These applications include facilities for banking of testitems, for constructing of tests as and when needed, for delivering tests to examinees via the computer any time, for immediate test scoring and on-line reporting of test results, and for statistical analyses of items and tests.


Prosthetic joint infections (PJI) are a devastating complication of arthroplasty surgery. Current gold standard one or two-stage revision, poses sincere surgical challenges and carry significant patient morbidity. If diagnosed promptly, a debridement, antibiotics, and implant retention (DAIR) procedure can be performed. We report the results of our experience with the DAIR procedure in a District General Hospital setting.

 Our study comprises of a single centre retrospective review of a prospectively updated database. All patients who underwent a DAIR procedure following hip or knee arthroplasty from August 2012 to July 2019 were included in the study with no exclusions.

 Four total knee replacements, sixteen total hip replacements (THR), two revision THR and three hemiarthroplasties were included in the study. Average duration from onset of symptoms to DAIR was 22 days for immediate post-operative patients and 6 days in patients presenting later with an acute infection. All patients had exchange of modular components during the DAIR procedure. Out of 25 DAIR procedures, 23 identified a positive microbiology culture. Most common causative organisms identified were Staphylococcos aureus (23%) and Staphylococcus epidermidis (23%). Average follow up in clinic was 55 months. 76% of patients had a stable post-operative recovery with no recurrence of infection. One patient required a revision THR for aseptic loosening; one patient required a knee arthrodesis and four patients died.

 Infection was successfully eradicated in 19 patients. The success reported within the literature stem predominantly from tertiary units. Our study reflects this success in a DGH setting.


Submitted for the MAR13 Meeting of The American Physical Society Doubling of the Critical Current Density of 2G-YBCO Coated Conductors through proton irradiation ULRICH WELP, YING JIA, WAIKWONG KWOK, Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, MARTY RUPICH, STEVEN FLESHLER, American Superconductor Coorporation, Devons, MA, ASFGHAR KAYANI, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI — We report on magnetization and transport measurements of the critical current density of commercial 2G YBCO coated conductors before and after proton irradiation. The samples were irradiated along the c-axis with 4 MeV protons to a fluence of 1.5x1016 p/cm2. We find that at temperatures below 50 K, proton irradiation increases Jc by a factor of 2 in low fields and increases up to 2.5 in fields of 7 T. At 77 K, proton irradiation is less effective in enhancing the critical current. Doubling of Jc in fields of several Tesla and at temperatures below 50 K will be highly beneficial for applications of coated conductors in rotating machinery, generators and magnet coils. Work supported by the US DoE-BES funded Energy Frontier Research Center (YJ), and by Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences (UW, WKK), under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. Ulrich Welp email@example.com Date submitted: 09 Nov 2012 Electronic form version 1.4


According to the pattern and the characteristic of the large-scale underground supermarket fires,the assessment index system of fire safety is established in this paper,and the factor's weight is determined by an analytic hierarchy process,and then fire safety comprehensive model of the large-scale underground supermarket is established by using fuzzy math method.Finally,combined with practical example,an comprehensive assessment of the fire safety of an underground supermarket is made,which proves this model to be higher practical in fire safety assessment.


Introduction of technology in banking sector has enabled customers to avail the banking services at anytime and anywhere in the form of ATM, Mobile banking & Internet Banking. This has not only enhanced the banking business but also has reduced the transaction cost so now a day's Bankers must aware about customers' behavior towards Electronic Banking Services. The paper is based on descriptive research design & questionnaire is used to collect the primary data from banking customers. This paper highlights the Electronic Banking services most preferred by customers & their level of satisfaction towards these services. Conclusions of paper reveal the impact of customers' demographic on their usage of Electronic Banking.


In last month's column, I complained about the bad weather we'd been having, but I hadn't seen anything yet. A few days ago, we had the second major snowstorm of the week. After a couple hours of shoveling, I sat down to relax and read a book, but what book? I was too tired to read anything in biology. Biology is important to me, so I like to be alert, take notes if I have to, and really absorb what I'm reading. So I decided on a physics book instead. That might not seem like light reading, but physics isn't important to me, so I can just relax and absorb what I can of it. I bought Steven Weinberg's (1992) Dreams of a Final Theory because I had read a positive review of it by Roger Penrose. Penrose (1993) wrote that one of the book's strengths is that Weinberg "is honest and explicit about the important role of aesthetic considerations in the judgment of physical theories." Since I'm interested in the aesthetic of science, this book seemed right up my alley. And what could be better after a bout with a shovel than to read about the beauty of science? Though Weinberg writes convincingly on this subject, that's not the aspect of the book that I want to discuss here. I've written enough about aesthetics (ABT, November/December 1993). I want to focus on some of Weinberg's other insights. First, there is the book's central theme: the dream of a final theory, a theory that would describe the unity underlying the fundamental forces of nature-the weak and strong forces of the nucleus of the atom, electromagnetism and gravity. To Weinberg, the development of such a theory is an important goal, almost a quest in the heroic and even mythic sense of the word. The final theory would be "of unlimited validity and entirely satisfying in its completeness and consistency." He describes how physicists search for universal truths about nature and then attempt to explain these truths by showing how they can be deduced from deeper truths:


Element-focused network analysis method for truss structure is proposed. The propagation process of loads from external loads to connected other elements is similar to that of connections between nodes in accordance with attachment rule in a network. Here nodes indicate elements in a truss structure and edges represent propagated loads. Therefore, the flows of loads in a truss structure can be calculated using the network analysis method, and consequently the structure can also be analyzed. As a first step to analyze a truss structure as a network, we propose a local load transfer rule in accordance with the topology of elements, and then analyze the loads of the truss elements. Application of this method reveal that the internal loads and reactions caused by external loads can be accurately estimated. Consequently, truss structures can be considered as networks and network analysis method can be applied to further complex truss structures.


Design of assembly line is done in order to more coordinate a collection of some consecutive work stations for the aim of obtaining more productivity from the work stations and workers. The stations are arranged in a way to have a continuous and constant material flow. In this paper a multi-objective formulation for assembly line balancing is introduced. As a solution approach a two-step approach is proposed. In the first step the problem in a fuzzy environment is converted to a crisp problem and in the second step an efficient solution of the crisp problem is found by fuzzy programming approach. The efficiency of the proposed approach is shown by a numerical example.


Written bits on a 3 kOe CoCrPtTa/Si longitudinal recording medium are investigated by magnetic force microscopy (MFM) and Lorentz transmission electron microscopy (LTEM). For most defocusing distances, the observed signal contrast is greatest at the track edges where the magnetization is antiparallel to the dc-erased intertrack regions. Head-on type "walls" at the transitions show limited contrast indicating small amplitude deviations in the zigzag transition as observed by MFM. Results are markedly different from earlier work on recording media which revealed large zigzag amplitude and or vortex formation at the transition. LTEM images suggest an increase in the track-edge noise and a reduction in the effective track width with density, presumably due to flux leakage of the head field at the pole edges.


INTRODUCTION I. THE HISTORY OF THE STAPLE DEFENSE A. Early Copyright Cases Tackle Dual-Use Technologies 1. Sony: The Technology of Time-Shifting a. The District Court's Opinion: The Staple Defense Sneaks into Copyright Law b. The Ninth Circuit's Opinion c. The Supreme Court's Opinion: Mr. Rogers Sides with Technology and Five Justices Side with Mr. Rogers i. Justice Stevens's Dicta ii. Justice Blackmun's Dissenting Opinion 2. RCA Records: Controlling the Use of Copyrighted Works 3. Vault Corp.: The Defendant Wins One a. The District Court's Decision b. The Fifth Circuit's Decision B. The Next Generation of Infringement: The Peer-to-Peer Network Cases 1. Napster: Sampling and Space-Shifting a. The District Court's Decision b. Chief Judge Patel's Dicta c. The Ninth Circuit's Opinion 2. In re Aimster: The Mere Potential for Nonfringing Use a. The District Court's Opinion b. The Seventh Circuit's Opinion c. Judge Posner's Dicta 3. Grokster: Promoting Use for Infringement a. The District Court's Opinion b. The Ninth Circuit's Opinion c. The Supreme Court's Opinion i. The Majority's Opinion ii. Justice Ginsburg's Concurring Opinion iii. Justice Breyer's Concurring Opinion II. A LEGISLATIVE PROPOSAL A. Text of This Author's Proposed Bill B. Legislative Intent of Proposed Bill 1. Bright-Line Rules Are Better than Uncertain Broad Principles 2. Balancing the Policies of Copyright Law 3. The Proposed Legislation Does Not Abandon the Weight Given to Potential Uses 4. Specific Times, Limits, and Infringement Ratios Define Whether or Not Technologies Are Socially Desirable 5. Other Proposed Legislation Has Not Addressed the Issues Addressed in the Legislation Proposed Here 6. The Proposed Legislation Is Consistent with the Aforementioned Case Law CONCLUSION INTRODUCTION In 1979, a district court applied an affirmative defense to secondary patent infringement in a copyright infringement case. (1) The court did so in order to protect a technology developer from copyright liability caused by third parties using the developer's product in an infringing manner. (2) The court's intention was to avoid quashing a new technology that was capable of many noninfringing uses and, thus, to prevent an inequitable infringement judgment against an innovator solely because individuals, outside the developer's control, used the product illegitimately. (3) Over the next twenty-six years, district courts, courts of appeal, and the U.S. Supreme Court have misinterpreted and disagreed with each other's decisions--and even at times with their own decisions--over how to apply relevant principles of patent law in copyright cases, that is, to strike the proper balance between protecting copyright holders' rights without restricting innovation. (4) As the courts have battled over this issue, billions of dollars of infringement have occurred using new technology mediums, and once promising start-up companies have gone bankrupt because of copyright infringement judgments against them. (5) As Justice Fortas so wisely said in addressing the new technology of cable television: [T]he fact that the Copyright Act was written in a different day, for different factual situations, should lead [the judiciary] to tread cautiously here. Our major object, I suggest, should be to do as little damage as possible to traditional copyright principles and to business relationships, until the Congress legislates and relieves the embarrassment which we and the interested parties face. (6) Unfortunately, the courts have not tread with caution and have done much damage to the balance of copyright's competing policies, which has left both copyright owners and technology innovators facing great uncertainty. …


Geothermal energy has been being exploited for electrical energy production since 1904. Currently installed electrical generating capacity is increasing at a rate of 19 percent per year and substantial increases in direct/space heating utilization have occurred. Current estimates for the U.S. geothermal potential indicate an electric generation capacity of 23,000 to 150,000 MW electric for 30 years. Geothermal power plants have been demonstrated to be highly reliable with system availability of 70 to 100 percent. Current costs of geothermal electricity are competitive with other conventional sources. The current estimates of geothermal potential ore are based on the assumption of current technology. Substantial improvements in the existing technology are possible which would increase the production of geothermal electricity and other forms of energy substantially.


Information encompassing biopharmaceutical SMEs, pharmaceutical companies, including subsidiaries of global pharmaceutical MNEs, generic and specialty pharmaceutical companies, contract service providers and medical device and diagnostic companies


Ⅰ. INTRODUCTIONQBO (quasi-biennial oscillation), originally referred to the quasi-periodic oscillation of the wind field with about 27 months in the tropical lower stratosphere. Afterwards, a lot of investigations indicated that QBO is an important phenomenon for the atmospheric circulation in the tropical lower stratosphere. It is not only related to the circulation and environ-


reamble atient-based teaching has been used since the earliest days of edical education and continues to be used today for educating edical students, physicians, nurses, and other medical peronnel. Patient demonstrations have evolved from bedside eaching, to the surgical amphitheater, to recorded medical rocedures, and finally to broadcast live case demonstrations. ith current telecommunication capabilities, it is possible to ransmit medical procedures worldwide in real-time. Because f their perceived educational benefit and in parallel with dvances in transmission technology, the use of live case emonstrations at medical meetings has grown to include adult nd pediatric interventional and electrophysiology procedures. any feel live broadcasts are an effective educational tool, specially for new technical procedures that cannot be learned y self-study or didactic presentations. However, as live case ransmissions have proliferated, issues have been raised about atient safety, the ethics of live broadcasts, and their value as n educational tool. Both interventional cardiology and elecrophysiology are rapidly evolving fields with changing eduational needs, and many of the cases transmitted focus on


Objective To study on the change of humoral and cellular immune of HBV carriers.Methods 50 HBV carriers were screened by ELISA,whose HBsAg were positive and the indexes of liver functions are normal;IgG,IgA,IgM,IgE in serum were detected by immune globins detection kits and the subgroups of T immune cell detected by APAAP method.Results The levels of IgG,IgA,IgM of HBV carrier were significant lower than those of the normal control group( P 0 05),and the difference of IgE level was not significant.The levels of CD + 3 and CD + 8 were all significant higher than those of the normal control group( P 0 01),however the CD + 4/CD + 8 was lower than that of the normal group( P 0 05).Conclusion The humoral immune of HBV carriers was lower.HBV virus can stimulate the proliferation of CD + 4 and CD + 8,and lead to the function of celluar immune disorder.