In the context of China's transition economy,this study constructs a theoretical framework concerning the relationships between social ties(i.e.,business ties and political ties) and proprietary innovation at the firm level.Hierarchical multiple regression analysis on an original data set of 270 firms in China shows that the two dimensions of social ties exhibit different impacts on proprietary innovation.That is,there is a curvilinear,inverted U-shaped relationship between business ties and proprietary innovation,and a positive relationship between political ties and proprietary innovation.Our empirical findings also indicate a partial mediating role of knowledge creation in the relationship between business ties and proprietary innovation as well as a full mediation between political ties and proprietary innovation.Implications for theory and practice are discussed.


Embodiments of the present invention relate to a resource allocation method and equipment. The method comprises: a first central controller obtaining, according to a set identifier CID of a coordinated multiple point CoMP set, configuration information of a resource set corresponding to the CID, the CoMP set comprising at least one node, the resource set comprising at least one first resource, and the configuration information of the resource set comprising configuration information of the at least one first resource; and the first central controller sending to a user equipment the configuration information of the at least one first resource in the resource set, so that the user equipment determines the at least one first resource according to the configuration information of the at least one first resource, and performs measurement by using the first resource, so as to implement resource coordination of different CoMP sets and ensure correctness of the measurement performed according to the first resource.


The paper illustrates some new teaching methods in physical chemistry teaching for improving students' creative ability by following the procedures: preview and understand the materials before class; encourage questions and free discussion while teacher should leads to summarization for this in class; stress on practice and do-it-yourself in and out of class.


The current state of development of the primary models used for investigating and simulating irradiation effects in structural alloys of interest to the U.S. DOE's Generation-IV reactor program are discussed. The underlying theory that supports model development is also described where appropriate. First, the key processes that underlie radiation-induced changes in material properties are summarized, and the types of radiation effects that subsequently arise are described. Future development work needed in order for theory, modeling, and computational materials science to support and add value to the Gen IV reactor materials program are then outlined. The expected specific outcomes and overall benefits of the required effort are: the knowledge to extrapolate material behavior to conditions for which there are no experimental data; systematic understanding of mechanisms and processes to enable confident interpolation between point-by-point experimental observations; acceleration of the development, selection, and qualification of materials for reactor service; and prediction of material response to real-world operating load histories which often involve a complicated superposition of time, temperature, radiation dose rate, and mechanical loading conditions. Opportunities for international collaboration to accelerate progress in all of the required research areas are briefly discussed, particularly in the context of two well coordinated, broad-based researchmore » projects on modeling and simulation of radiation effects on materials that are currently funded in Europe. In addition to providing the opportunity for substantial leveraging of the DOE-funded activities in this area, these projects may serve as models for future development within the Gen-IV program. The larger of these two projects, which involves 12 European research laboratories and 16 universities, is called PERFECT and is funded by the European Union. A smaller effort focusing on developing predictive models for fusion reactor materials is funded within the United Kingdom. Increased formal collaboration with these projects by DOE-funded materials scientists would be of substantial benefit to the Gen-IV program.« less


Fanny Laroumanie, Victorine Douin-Echinard, Joffrey Pozzo, Olivier Lairez, Claire Vinel, Christine Pressure Overload T Cells Promote the Transition from Hypertrophy to Heart Failure During Chronic + CD4 Print ISSN: 0009-7322. Online ISSN: 1524-4539 Copyright © 2014 American Heart Association, Inc. All rights reserved. is published by the American Heart Association, 7272 Greenville Avenue, Dallas, TX 75231 Circulation published online March 21, 2014; Circulation. http://circ.ahajournals.org/content/early/2014/03/21/CIRCULATIONAHA.113.007101 World Wide Web at: The online version of this article, along with updated information and services, is located on the http://circ.ahajournals.org/content/suppl/2014/03/21/CIRCULATIONAHA.113.007101.DC1.html Data Supplement (unedited) at:


Abstract : Cooling rates during casting have been shown to significantly influence yield strength, for the processing related research, tensile ductility and property variability in three different TiA1 alloys. Variations in ductility are most sensitive to extrinsic defects such as porosity or the presence of large grains oriented for easy straining. A technique for quantitative analysis of surface connected porosity has been developed. Additionally, in the area of induction skull melting, fundamental information on the kinetics of aluminum vaporization has been established. Important differences in melt superheat and skull weight have been observed after casting in different melt atmospheres. A comprehensive study of the effect of preheat, stress-relief temperature, Al level and postweld heat treatment on the structure and properties of electron beam welds has also been completed. For deformation-related work, it has been found that the local plastic strain to failure increases significantly as the volume of plastically strained materials decreases based on the testing of notched and unnotched specimens. Moreover, plastic strain capabilities of even 0.8% have been found sufficient to blunt elastic stress concentrations up to Kt = 2.3. Strain mapping procedures developed in this program demonstrate that crack initiation is associated with groups of grains with intense plastic straining.


Introduction No matter how defined and from whatever perspective it is viewed, education is the most important energizer of the individual and the society. As one of the major catalyst of development there is a strong positive correlation between the level of education measured by the degree of human resources development and the level of wealth and economic growth of nations. Harbison and Mayers (1964) in their seminal publication in the early 1960s concluded that the best means of developing human capital is through education. It is therefore through education that the critical values and skills in a human being are discovered and developed. It is therefore safe to conclude that these human resources so developed constitute the ultimate basis for the wealth of nations. Natural resources may abound in a nation but they are passive or neutral stuff until they are given a drive by the educated human (Okafor, 2005). According to Zimmermann (1958), "resources are not they become." In other words, it is the educated human that will make dormant and latent resources active and bring some utilitarian values to an otherwise neglected instrument of development. it is against this necessity for functional education that this paper wishes to address entrepreneurship education from the perspective of its utilitarianism in job creation. In doing this, the paper will be organized in sections that will include a brief discussion on the trend of development of education in Nigeria over the years, the emergence and dimensions of entrepreneurship education and its role in job creation and sustainable development.


A process of chemical nickel-plating on the surface of plastics was studied,and condition of nickel plating was discussed.Result showed that nickel was deposited firmly on the surface of plastics by activated with palladium ion and reduction of nickel sulfate solution with sodium hypophosphite at 85-90oC in the pH value of 4.7~4.9.


A series of title compounds is prepared and the cytotoxic properties of some of them are evaluated against 8 tumoural cell lines.


The soliton propagation and interaction characteristics in the presence of spectral filtering, linear and nonlinear gain are investigated. We show that, as the linear gain vanishes, the steady-state soliton amplitude and inverse duration diverge. The nonlinear gain is shown to have a significant impact on the soliton interaction when the adjacent solitons have different phases or amplitudes. In these cases, a (pi) phase difference between adjacent pulses is induced when the nonlinear gain only partially replaces the linear gain. As the linear gain vanishes, the phase difference varies continuously and the solitons oscillate only slightly around their initial time separation.


Abstract This paper presents a technological breakthrough in the manufacturing of miniature revolving surfaces using wire electrical discharge machining (WEDM). The principle of manufacturing highlights specific aspects of the technology concerning the necessary equipment and the steps taken during production. The process of manufacturing is presented mathematically, concerning the surplus of material that is to be removed. The technological solution proposed was validated in practice and it features some experimental results that were obtained. This solution puts forward a new alternative to the manufacturing of small-sized revolving surfaces for hard and extra-hard material parts.


This editorial continues the series of guest editorials written on topics pertinent to Association members. Dr. Mabry is a member of the Council on Journalism and maintains a private practice in Enid, OK.


Divi SN, Kepler CK, Hilibrand AS, et al. Patient Outcomes Following Short-segment Lumbar Fusion Are Not Affected by PI-LL Mismatch. Clin Spine Surg. Mar 1 2021;34(2):73-77. Visual Abstract This is a visual representation of the abstract.


![Figure][1]

Given their abundance and importance in thrombosis and hemostasis, platelets have been the target of intense scientific inquisition for decades. While the study of physiologic platelet functions such as aggregation and granule secretion have been well characterized, platelets


: In this paper, the effect of carbon fibers with tungsten disulfide and ultrafine PTFE on the properties and structure of PTFE are investigated. The results showed that PTFE filled with carbon fibers/solid lubricant particles has increased wear resistance and a low coefficient of friction. It is shown that high wear resistance obtained for PTFE filled with carbon fibers/tungsten disulfide compared to that filled with carbon fibers/ultrafine PTFE. It is found that the PTFE filled with complex fillers has high operational performance, which cannot be achieved using a single filler. The results of experimental studies of the structure of PTFE and composites by X– ray analysis and SEM are presented.


this paper presents a new model for classifying Chinese short-text that have weak concept signal, in which three key factors on feature extension, which would determine the classification performance of short-text, are considered. For the sake of determining the three extension factors, this paper studied the three key issues as follows: (1) how we do feature extension for short-text; (2) what influence the different ways of feature extension do to classification performance of short-text; (3) how we control the degree of feature extension for short text. In the stage of classification, a short-text is first extended by adding new features or modifying the weights of initial features according to the relationship between non-feature terms and feature extension mode; meanwhile, we would improve the effect of feature extension by controlling the degree of feature extension, and then classify the extended short-text with the new model. The experimental results show that the new model proposed for short-text classification considering feature extension can obtain higher classification performance comparing with the conventional classification methods.


Five main problems of beam wavefront and farfield control in ICF laser driver are synthetically discussed, including control requirements, beam propagation principle, distortions source control, system design and adjustment optimization, active wavefront correction technology. We demonstrate that beam can be propagated well and the divergence angle of the TIL pulses can be improved to less than 60μrad with solving these problems, which meets the requirements of TIL. The results can provide theoretical and experimental support for wavefront and farfield control designing requirements of the next large scale ICF driver.


Participants have approved 25 schedules; the share of world trade in information represented in the 25 schedules is more than 92 percent; the schedule of concessions should be released through the internet.


The acrylated epoxidized soybean oil(AESO) is obtained by the reaction of ring opening of epoxidized soybean oil using acrylic acid as ring opener.The AESO-based thermosets have been synthesized by these prepared AESOs and styrene.The thermal and mechanical properties of the resins are characterized by IR,DSC,TG and universal mechanical testing machine.The results show that these resins possess high thermal stability and good mechanical strength.Its tensile strength can be 37 MPa.


OBJECTIVE
Second-hand smoke (SHS) is considered the cause of multiple oral diseases. However, its influence on tooth loss, which is the final consequence of periodontal disease and caries, remains unknown. We aimed to evaluate the association between SHS experience and the number of remaining teeth among non-smoking older Japanese individuals.

METHODS
Cross-sectional data from the Japan Gerontological Evaluation Study (JAGES) 2013 were used. From the 27,561 people ≥65 years of age who responded to a self-reported questionnaire (response rate = 71.1%), data of 18,865 respondents who had never smoked were analyzed. Multinomial logistic regression with multiple imputations was applied to estimate the odds ratio of the frequency of SHS exposures on the number of remaining teeth.

RESULTS
The prevalence of participants with ≥20 teeth, 10-19 teeth, 5-9 teeth, 1-4 teeth, and no teeth were 53.2%, 20.4%, 9.9%, 6.6%, and 9.9%, respectively. The proportion of participants with SHS was 37.5%. After adjusting for sex, the SHS experience tended to be associated with a lower risk of having the fewer number of remaining teeth (P < 0.05). However, after being adjusted for age and sex, participants with SHS exposure at "a few times a week" and "almost every day" were significantly associated with the fewer number of teeth. After adding all other covariates, compared to the participants without any exposure to SHS, the odds ratio for having no teeth rather than having ≥20 teeth among the participants with daily exposure to SHS was 1.35 (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSION
Daily second-hand smoke was significantly associated with fewer remaining teeth based on the self-reported survey among older Japanese people.


The objective of the present investigation is to study the possibilities to improve the aqueous solubility and dissolution rate of Tamoxifen citrate (TC) – an oral anticancer drug, based on inclusion complexes with – cyclodextrin (α –CD). The inclusion processes are discussed based on absorption, emission, FT-IR, 1 H-NMR, SEM and phase solubility study. The α –CD study shows that the drug form 1:1 inclusion complexes. The solubility and dissolution results revealed that there was a considerable increase in solubility and dissolution of all inclusion complexes. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) to analyze physicochemical interaction between drug and carrier and evaluation of the crystal morphology and their approximate size. The inclusion complex appears as tiny aggrigates of amorphous pieces of irregular sizes. In both absorption and emission the intensity increase with increase in concentration of α –CD. The aromatic ring is encapsulated in the non-popular α –CD cavity. The formation constant value reveals a hydrogen bonding interaction is present between the drug and α –CD cavity. The presence of aliphatic chains has not significantly changed the absorption and emission spectral behaviour and inclusion process. INTRODUCTION: Tamoxifen Citrate is an antagonist of the estrogen receptor in breast tissue via its active metabolite. In other tissues such as the endometrium, it characterized as a mixed agonist/ antagonist. Tamoxifen citrate is the usual endocrine (anti-estrogen) therapy for hormone receptor positive breast cancer in pre-menopausal women and is also a standard in post-menopausal women although aromators, inhibitors are also frequently used in that setting. 1 QUICK RESPONSE CODE DOI: 10.13040/IJPSR.0975-8232.7(2).681-88 Article can be accessed online on: www.ijpsr.com DOI link: http://dx.doi.org/10.13040/IJPSR.0975-8232.7 (2).681-88 FIG.1: STRUCTURE OF TAMOXIFEN CITRATE Some breast cancer cells require estrogen to grow. Estrogen binds to and activates the estrogen receptor in these cells. Tamoxifen citrate is metabolized into the estrogen receptor, but do not activate it. Because of this competitive antagonism, Tamoxifen citrate acts like a key broken off in the lock that prevents any other key from being inserted preventing estrogen from binding to its receptor. Hence breast cancer cell growth is


A search for the decay K/sup 0//sub S/ ..-->..e/sup +/e/sup -/ was performed in pictures taken in the 180-liter xenon bubble chamber. It was found that GAMMA(K/sup 0//sub S/ ..-->..e/sup +/e/sup -/)/GAMMA(K/sub S/ ..--> pi../sup +/..pi../sup -/) ..e/sup +/e/sup -/)/GAMMA(K/sup 0//sub S/ )<1.0 x 10/sup -5/ at the 90% confidence level.


Are some pregnancies more 'precious' than others? Should amniocentesis be offered late in pregnancy with the possibility looming of a late abortion, and if such tests should be offered, to whom and in what circumstances should this be done? These are some of the important ethical questions raised in the paper by Shalev et al. (1999). In what follows, an analysis and resolution will be offered for all these important issues. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


isolate virus from blood, CSF and urine failed. Full blood count, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, chest radiograph, visual evoked potentials, brain stem auditory evoked potentials, and cranial CT scan were normal. Gradual resolution of symptoms and abnormal findings occurred over the following 6 weeks. In the 1960's Smith and Walsh and later Cogan, described a benign encephalitis with ocular oscillation and truncal ataxia. 1-3 Following a prodrome of malaise and mild fever, such patients developed ocular flutter or opsoclonus and shivering movements of the head and body. Cerebellar and long tract signs also occurred in some patients but the sensorium usually remained clear. Spinal fluid protein and cell count were often elevated. The illness resolved, usually within a few weeks or months, although the course was occasionally protracted, especially in children (Kinsbourne's myoclonic encephalopathy with "dancing eyes and dancing feet").4 The movement disorder of the trunk was precipitated by sitting or standing, particularly on one leg, and by loud noises, but did not occur whilst lying. The initial suggestion by some observers that the patient was either very anxious or hysterical has been noted in other case reports.1 3 The prodromal systemic symptoms, CSF pleocytosis and temporal profile, suggested that the neurological disorder was a sequel to infection, although no viral or bacterial agent was isolated. If so, it probably represented a late or delayed phenomenon occurring after the acute stage of infection at a time when the organism could not be isolated. The possible pathophysiological substrate for opsoclonus and ocular flutter is probably related to a disorder of the inhibitory control of saccadic burst neurons by pontine pause cells.5 Baringer postulated that the postural tremulousness was a result of a post-infectious lesion affecting the cerebellar vermis.3 The self limited course in all reported cases has precluded any clinicopathological correlation. Awareness of this easily recognisable syndrome may provide the opportunity to further study its possible pathogenesis. Recognition, in any case, provides reassurance for the patient and attending clinician.


One of the most important prominent second places after Sivrihisar in Mehmet Kaplan's life, one of the leading researchers of the Republican Period Turkish literature, is Eskisehir. The city where he lived between 1928 and 1935 left important traces, influencing his later life, on Mehmet Kaplan. In this paper, the importance of Eskisehir in Mehmet Kaplan's life will be presented with different aspects on the new basis based on his books


Fluoxetine, an antidepressant of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor class, may stimulate prolactin release by pituitary lactotrophs. A 71-year-old woman taking estrogen replacement therapy developed galactorrhea after initiation of fluoxetine for depression and was found to have an elevated prolactin level. Fluoxetine was discontinued with resolution of the patient's galactorrhea and normalization of her prolactin level.


The experiments were conducted during 2009 and 2010 rainy season at the research and teaching farm of the college of agriculture, Lafia, Nasarawa state, Nigeria. To determine the effect of phosphorus fertilizer and spacing on growth, nodulation count and yield of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) in southern guinea savanna agroecological zone, Nigeria. The treatments consisted of three levels of phosphorus 0, 20 and 40 kg/ha and three levels of spacing: 15x40, 30x60 and 45x80 cm factorially combined to form nine treatments which were laid in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) and replicated three times to form twenty seven plots. The result showed that Phosphorus fertilizer had a significant (p<0.05) effect on the entire growth and yield parameter assessed in both years. 40 kg/ha of phosphorus gave a significantly higher number of nodulation count/plant (34.95 and 32.24), number of pod/plant (20.64 and 20.24), seed weight/plant (39.56 and 37.64), pods weight/plant (51.45 and 45.31) and seed weight/ha (1.56 and 1.52 t/ha) in both years. The spacing also had a significant (p<0.05) response on almost the entire growth and yield parameter assessed except on the weight of 100 seeds. Spacing of 30×60 cm did not differ significantly with 45x80 cm which gave similar result in the no. of pod/plant, seed weight/plant, pods weight/plant and seed weight (t/ha) in both years.


The paper investigates the role of water bodies and water works, especially landfills and plumbing, to the spatial configuration of Macae, a city in the north coast of the state of Rio de Janeiro. The method adopted is to investigate the successive works of transformation of the estuary, its causes and consequences, as well as critically analyze current municipal policies relating to occupation and land use in the region. The analysis of the various drainage technical solutions adopted in place over time, marked by radical changes of water bodies, reveals a continuity of functionalist thought, based on the notion of nature as a resource to be exploited by man, and sanitarian, according to whom the hydraulic works are fundamental for the improve of public health.


The US economy has become more stable. At the same time, US firms have become more volatile. I present the evidence and I propose a common explanation, based on the idea that goods markets have become more competitive. Competition between firms magnifies the effects of idiosyncratic productivity shocks: This can explain the rise in firm volatility. On the other hand, for given nominal adjustment costs, competitive pressures will induce firms to increase the frequency of their price adjustments. As a result, the economy will be more resilient to aggregate demand shocks. My calibration suggests that competitive pressures have reduced the impact of demand shocks by roughly 40%.


The Nazi Olympics is the unsurpassed expose of one of the most bizarre festivals in sport history. Not only does it provide incisive portraits of such key figures as Adolf Hitler, Jesse Owens, Leni Riefenstahl, Helen Stephens, Kee Chung Sohn, and Avery Brundage, it also vividly conveys the entire dazzling charade that reinforced and mobilized the hysterical patriotism of the German masses.


This paper introduces a comprehensive analysis to quantify the potential savings in production cost due to consolidation of 32 U.S. Western Interconnection Balancing Authorities (BAs). Three simulation scenarios are developed: the current structure of Western Electricity Coordinating Council (WECC) BAs, full copper-sheet consolidation, and full consolidation with transmission congestion considered. The study uses a WECC Transmission Expansion Planning Policy Committee model that was developed for the year 2020. The model assumes 8% wind and 3% solar energy penetration as percentage of total WECC demand in 2020. Sensitivity analyses are carried out to assess the impact of transmission hurdle rates between WECC BAs on potential benefits. The study shows that savings ranging from $440 million (2.4% of total one-year production cost) to $610 million (3.2%) per year in thermal unit production cost due to consolidation can be achieved. The copper-sheet consolidation scenario shows a further savings of $240 million (1.4%) per year.


The multiple and various applications of cortisone and certain of its derivatives and of corticotrophin currently give these hormones a field of action and versatility " wider than that of any other therapeutic agent " (Hench, 1956). Their specific hormonal value is recognized by their use in about 20 hormonal, endocrinal, or metabolic conditions. The non-specific hormonal effects have been useful in more than 90 socalled non-hormonal conditions. In such circumstances the effects of administration of these hormones are suppressive rather than curative; but the effects are none the less valuable for purposes of treatment or further investigation. As Hench has stated, it is now no longer if but when, how, and for what purpose these hormones should be used. Chief among the non-specific effects of adrenocortical hormones which have been useful clinically are their anti-inflammatory, antirheumatic, and anti-allergic activities. A few examples are given in Table I. The


Abstract Two new cycloartane type triterpenes 1 and 2 have been isolated from Amberboa ramosa. Their structures were established as (22R)-cycloart-20, 25-dien-2α,3β ,22α-triol 1 and (22R)-cycloart-23- ene-3β ,22α, 25-triol 2 through spectroscopic studies including 2D-NMR. The known compounds 3,4-epoxyguaia-1(10), 11(13)-dien-6, 12-olide 3, and 5-hydroxy 7,8,2',3'-tetramethoxyflavone 4 are also reported for the first time from this species. The compounds 1 and 2 displayed inhibitory potential against butyrylcholinesterase.


The invention relates to a method for controlling a drag torque, an electric motor-driven motor vehicle, wherein a regulating device influences the drag torque with a corresponding change in the position of an accelerator pedal, wherein a sensor device on a road surface on which the motor vehicle is located, senses a tire and a computing device for is available, wherein the computing device causes the control device to adjust the drag torque in dependence on the coefficient of friction. The invention also relates to an apparatus having means which are suitable for performing such a method.


The natural frequency and dynamic response of the square plansifter with eight cells are calculated,and a new project of improving the structure is obtained.Based on the calculation,dynamic fatigue life evaluation of the original structure and the improved structure is conducted.The actual application indicates that the finite element model and the dynamic fatigue life evaluation method are feasible.


Construction industry is judged as non-innovative, even though, construction works are project-based and each project always needs to adapt procedures and materials. Spain is the fifth country in the European Union in terms of production in the construction industry, with figures very close to that of United Kingdom, France or Italy. In spite of that, the Spanish construction industry is particularly non-innovative: its investment in innovation is eight times less than the European average. In order to solve this problem, a new set of standards (UNE 166000) was issued to encourage the technological innovation in a continuous and methodical way. This normative implies a change of scenario where innovation can be regarded as any other business management process and, consequently, it can be standardised. Systematisation is performed through certification by a recognised body. Companies can attain certification applying UNE 166001 for R&D&i projects and UNE 166002 for R&D&i management systems. The later standard can also be integrated very easily with the quality management standard ISO 9001. Until now very few companies in the Spanish construction industry have obtained any certification. Nevertheless, this situation may change radically in the near future due to the companies' needs to exhibit proof of their R&D&i progress in the bidding procedure for public works and services.


The perception of tactile temporal order, the order of multiple touches to the skin in time, has long been a topic of research in psychophysics but has drawn new attention since the discovery that it depends not only on the stimulation interval but also on body postures in space.


"Bartleby, the Scrivener" is one of the most haunting tales of the nineteenth century. Criticism has centered on analysis of both the narrator and Bartleby himself, taking up the question of whether or not the narrator ultimately fulfills his moral obligations to Bartleby. I believe an approach to the story, however, which takes as its starting point a critique of the medical model of disability helps elucidate this issue. This approach makes it clear that given his situation in a world which values a medically inspired model of understanding difference, the narrator, benevolent as he may be, can never do enough for Bartleby, because, given this situation, he can never ask the right questions of Bartleby or posit appropriate solutions for him. I conclude my argument with a consideration of critical complicity in this issue as critics attempt to classify Bartleby, thereby following in the narrator's misguided footsteps.


stromal elements are helpful in distinguishing benign LUS cells from AIS. The abnormal presence of endometrial cells seen during the second half of the menstrual cycle in premenopausal women and at anytime in postmenopausal women may be due to several reasons including IUD use, exogenous hormones, and endometrial pathology. The abnormal presence of endometrial cells due to these reasons should be explained and be differentiated from the cells of LUS. Both smears may have a bloody background, but in the former, the endometrial glandular cells are often in small clusters or balls which may or may not be surrounded by packed stromal cells referred to as "endometrial wreaths." In contrast, cells of LUS often present as huge branching tissue fragments often composed of both endometrial glandular and stromal elements. Like cells of both AIS and LUS, large tissue fragments may also be seen in high grade squamous intraepithelial lesion/CIS (Fig. C-7A). The syncytial architecture and presence of individual CIS-type cells may be helpful in differentiating CIS from LUS (Fig. C-7B). Cells of the small cell type of CIS may closely resemble endometrial glandular cells of LUS. Search for accompanying stromal elements in intimate relationship with glandular elements may be helpful. Recently, the presence of LUS cells in cervicovaginal smears of patients who have undergone cervical cone biopsy has been reported. 5*9 Anatomic shortening of the endocervical canal following cone biopsy has been postulated to result in the exfoliation of cells from the LUS. In our study, only 9 of 344 cases had history of cervical conization. It is likely that LUS cell-containing-smears may result from the mere use of endocervical brushes which can reach the LUS even in patients without a history of cone biopsy. In conclusion, endometrial cells of the lower uterine segment are seen in increasing frequency with the routine use of endocervical brushes. The cytologic presentation is very characteristic due to an admixture of glandular and stromal components best seen at low power magnification. LUS cells may be misinterpreted as endometriosis, sheets of parabasal cells in atrophic smears, endocervical carcinoma in-situ, squamous carcinoma in-situ and well-differentiated endometrial adenocarcinoma. Familiarity with the cytomorphologic features of LUS and awareness of the diagnostic pitfalls may avoid interpretative errors and unnecessary surgical procedures.


Two issues which limit continuous wave second harmonic generation in quasi phase matched KTiOPO4 periodically segmented waveguides are discussed. The first is the thermal loading caused by the fundamental and the second harmonic beams which degrades the quasi-phase matching condition and as a result corrupts the spectral quality of the second-harmonic field. We show that a carefully designed external temperature gradient leads to an enhancement of the conversion efficiency and control of the spectral lineshape of the output field. The second issue discussed is the poor optical coupling into quasi phase matched periodically segmented waveguides. We show that using optical interference, it is possible to increase th efficiency of the generated second harmonic significantly over coupling a single beam with the same total power. Finally, we show that using optical interference, it is also possible to considerably enhance the optical coupling efficiency into single mode fibers.


Indium oxide nanoparticles (In2O3 NPs) were formed by calcining the optimised as-prepared indium hydroxide (In(OH)3) NPs. The as-prepared In(OH)3 NPs were synthesised at optimal pH 10 through co-precipitation method at various calcination temperatures (200, 300, 400, 500, 600°C) for 2 h. Characterisation of the samples was performed by thermogravimetric (TGA and differential thermal, DTA) analysis, high-resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM), X-ray diffractometer (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and Raman spectroscopy. The complete conversion to In2O3 NPs was reached at 300°C. Besides, the crystallite size of In2O3 NPs calculated by William-Hall equation had the same trend with the values obtained from Scherrer equation. The HRTEM images also showed that the size of In2O3 NPs was within the range of 15–28 nm. Clearly, their work confirmed that the smallest In2O3 NPs (15 nm) with homogenous particle distribution were formed at a lower calcination temperature of 300°C.


Abstract Objectives To explore the course of lung function and RA disease activity and predictive factors for deteriorating lung function in patients with RA-interstitial lung disease (ILD). Methods The Korean Rheumatoid Arthritis–Interstitial Lung Disease cohort is a multicentre, prospective observational cohort. Patients with RA-ILD were enrolled and followed up annually for 3 years for RA disease activity and ILD status assessment. Group-based modelling was used to cluster a similar predicted percentage of forced vital capacity (FVC%) patterns into trajectories. Results This study included 140 patients who underwent at least two pulmonary function tests. Four distinctive trajectories for predicted FVC% were 'improving' [n = 11 (7.9%)], 'stable' [n = 68 (38.4%)], 'slowly declining' [n = 54 (48.6%)] and 'rapidly declining' [n = 7 (5.0%)]. Most (77.7%) patients maintained or improved to low RA disease activity. The lung function trajectory was not comparable to the RA disease activity trajectory. Age ≥70 years [relative risk (RR) 10.8 (95% CI 1.30, 89.71)] and early RA diagnosed within the preceding 2 years [RR 10.1 (95% CI 1.22, 84.2)] were associated with increased risk for rapidly declining predicted FVC%. The risk for deterioration or mortality increased in patients with a simultaneous diagnosis of RA and ILD within 24 weeks [RR 9.18 (95% CI 2.05, 41.0)] and the extent of lung involvement [RR 3.28 (95% CI 1.12, 9.60)]. Conclusion Most patients with RA-ILD experienced stable or slowly declining lung function. In 5% of patients, predicted FVC% deteriorated rapidly, especially in older adults with early RA. The lung function trajectory was not comparable to the RA disease activity trajectory.


In the Transkei it was so frequently found that it was referred to as the "Transkei Heart." The prognosis in tuberculous pericarditis is invariably bad and death may take place within one or two years but more often within a few months.


Significance
 Construction, free trade zones, local manufacturing, transport and mining posted the largest rebounds. Tourism, still struggling due to international travel restrictions and COVID-19 concerns, will recover more gradually, but most sectors have returned to pre-pandemic levels.

 Impacts
 The president will pursue pro-business policy continuity, prioritising infrastructure and electricity power generation projects.
 The peso will remain broadly stable in the short term given the country's solid reserve position.
 A decrease in asset quality in financial institutions is likely as stimulus measures and regulatory forbearance in the sector unwind.
 Extreme weather events will pose a significant threat for the country's social and economic development.


There are four main reasons for some scholars to disagree that service is kind of productive labor: firstly,Marx emphasized the nature of substance of the productive labor when discussing the productive labor in the process of common labor;secondly,Marx once said that,"Service is not a kind of productive labor" when he elaborated on the capitalism production in Manuscripts of Economics;thirdly,most scholars hold that the complementary definition or second definition of the productive labor termed by Marx is "productive material product";fourthly,under the socialism conditions,the criterion for judging the productive or non-productive labor is whether there is productive value and service can not create value.This paper argues that these reasons are all debatable.


Palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions have become one of the most useful tools in modern organic chemistry. Current methods to achieve direct functionalization of sp3 C–H bonds of arenes and heteroarenes often employ substrates with appropriately placed directing groups to enable reactivity. Examples of intermolecular arylation methods of weakly acidic sp3 C–H bonds in the absence of directing groups, however, are still limited. We describe herein a study on the use of additives in Pd-catalyzed deprotonative-cross-coupling processes (DCCP) of sp3 C–H bonds of diarylmethanes with aryl bromides at room temperature. These studies resulted in development of four new efficient Pd-catalyzed DCCP using additives that enabled the generation of a range of sterically and electronically diverse aryl- and heteroaryl containing triarylmethanes in good to excellent yields. Additive identification and optimization of all reaction conditions (additive loading, solvent and temperature) were performed using high-throughput experimentation (HTE). The approach outlined herein is expected to be generalizable to other C–H functionalization reactions involving the deprotonation of weakly acidic C–H bonds.


The effects of photoperiod on growth and flowering of Sedum spectabile and Sedum aizoon were investigated to establish year round flowering system. Photoperiod greatly affected the growth and flowering of both species. In Sedum spectabile, there was no shoot growth and flower bud formation under continuous 10 hour photoperiod (short day), but shoot growth and flower bud formation did occur under 16 hour photoperiod (long day). However, flowering did not occur under continuous long day condition but occurred under short day followed by long day after flower bud fonnation. In Sedum aizoon, the normal growth and flower bud formation did not occur under continuous 10 hour photoperiod but occurred under 16 hour photoperiod same like in the case of Sedum spectabile. How-ever, the plants formed flower bud under long day flowered at the both conditions of long day and short day.


The commissioning of the first modules of the FAIR accelerator facility is planned to be completed in 2016. At that time the DTL section of the UNILAC will be more than 40 years old. Different proposals for a new high intensity, heavy ion linac which will replace the ALVAREZ DTL as synchrotron injector are under discussion. This new High Energy UNILAC will be designed accordingly to the advanced FAIR requirements. It will allow for a complete and reliable multi-ion-operation for at least the next 30 years. In the first upgrade step, proposed in the presented design study, four IH cavities will be used to accelerate U 4+ to 3 AMeV and, after gas stripping, other four IH cavities will cover the energy range up to 11.4 AMeV. In the final step, the injection energy will be increased to 22 AMeV by use of 324 MHz CH-DTL's. The main target is to provide a higher charge state and a higher injection energy to increase the life time of the heavy ion beam inside the synchrotron. The paper presents the beam dynamics and RF investigation for the first stage.


Competition in social sports has many benefits for athlete training due to this competition gives researchers a chance to making and developing new methods and ways that support them. The competition in sport growth rapidly these days. During the last several years, there has been a significant increase in the volume of traffic using multimedia. In addition, some of the most recent paradigm shifts suggested, such as IoT, bring about the introduction of new kinds of traffic and applications. Software-defined networks, often known as SDNs, are beneficial to network management since they enhance its capabilities. When used with SDN, artificial intelligence (AI) has the potential to solve network issues using categorization and estimate strategies. So, in this paper discuss and develop a new method for sports video moving target detection. This method is based on multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) because targeting detection has many criteria and sub-criteria. This paper collected five main criteria and twenty sub-criteria impacts in target detection of sports video. We use the Analytical hierarchy Process (AHP) to determine the importance of these criteria and their weights. These criteria were evaluated under a neutrosophic environment. An application is provided to measure the outcome of the proposed method.


【Objective】 To analyze the influence of peripheral nerve invasion(PNI) in evaluating the prognosis and recurrence of patients with rectal cancer,and to explore the association between PNI and pathological parameters.【Methods】 Paraffin sections of surgical specimens from all the patients who underwent TME were stained with S-100 albumen,the association between PNI and clinicopathological parameters was analyzed.【Results】 PNI was positive in 46 of all the 228 patients(20.2%).The depth of infiltration,degree of histological differentiation,and clinical stage were significantly related to PNI.The variance of the rate of recurrence and survival between the PNI-positive patients and PNI-negative patients was significantly(P 0.01).【Conclusions】 The incidence of PNI plays an important role in invasiveness and the prognosis of the tumor,and it could serve as an independent predictor of prognosis of rectal cancer.


Well-rounded bodily development for all the pupils, in place of specialized athletics for the few, is one of the newer aims of education. The present article on the Dover physical program contains many apt suggestions along this line.


A combination of analytical calculations and vectormagnetogram data is utilized to develop a non-axisymmetric non-force-free magnetic field and assess its viability in describing solar active regions. For that purpose, we construct a local spherical shell where a planar surface, tangential to the inner sphere, represents a Cartesian cutout of an active region. The magnetic field defined on the surface is then correlated with magnetograms. The analysis finds that the non-axisymmetric non-force-free magnetic field, obtained by a superposition of two linear-force-free fields, correlates reasonably well with magnetograms.


This chapter places Hilary of Poitiers's polemical opponents into sharper focus and shows how Hilary brings his epistemological and anthropological insights, described in the previous two chapters, to bear on them. Hilary develops his understanding of divine unity through an intertextual reading of John 10:30 and 14:9 in polemical engagement with Homoian and "Sabellian" theologies and by expanding upon this intertextual reading in previous Latin tradition, and this understanding both depends and elaborates upon his epistemological foundation of divine infinity. Hilary's arguments for divine unity are based on the condescension of God in the humanity of Christ. For Hilary, humanity's finite epistemological restrictions require this sort of material, bodily revelation, and by it, humanity is nourished and educated to move beyond its limitations to the vision of the triune God, and led to its fullness in divine perfection. This chapter also discusses divine unity in third- and fourth-century polemical contexts.


Improving precorneal retention is one of the main approaches to optimize topical ophthalmic delivery. The in situ gelling formulations, which undergo phase transition form liquid to semisolid gel upon exposure to physiological environment, seem to be a promising tool (1). The aim of this study was to develop improved topical ophthalmic formulation based on poloxamers P407 and P188, as thermoresponsive polymers, and chitosan, as a promoter of mucoadhesiveness and gel strength. The main goal was to minimize the total polymer content while retaining the advantageous rheological properties related to the formulation during the storage, prior to the use and upon the application to the eye surface. The formulation was developed using D-optimal statistical design taking into account the critical formulation attributes, the temperature of gelation and viscosity.


An anonymous asymmetric fingerprinting protocol combined with watermarking techniques, is one of the copyright protection technologies keeping both right of a seller and that of a buyer, where a seller and an anonymous buyer perform such a protocol that employs various cryptographic tools in order that the seller does not know the exact watermarked copy that the buyer receives, while inserting an invisible non-removable fingerprint i.e., each different unique watermark, into each copy of the digital content to be sold. In such a protocol innocent buyers are kept anonymous during transactions, however, the unlawful reseller is unambiguously identified with a real identity as a copyright violator. In 2007, Yong and Lee proposed an anonymous asymmetric fingerprinting scheme with trusted third party. In this paper we point out the weakness of their scheme such as: the buyer with intention can remove the fingerprint in the watermarked content, because he/she can decrypt the encrypted fingerprint with a symmetric key using man-in-the-middle-attack; a real identity of a buyer can be revealed to the seller through the identification process even though he/she is honest. Furthermore, we propose an improved secure and efficient anonymous asymmetric fingerprinting scheme which enables to reduce the number of communication between the participants.


Preface. Illustrations. Introduction: What is Stratigraphy? PRINCIPLES. Uniformitarianism or Actualism. Establishing the Sequence of Events. Geological Time. Interpreting the Stratigraphical Record. The Evolution and Closure of Sedimentary Basins: The Role of Plate Tectonics. The Stratigraphical Tool Kit: Case Studies. Summary of Part One: The Stratigraphical Tool Kit. THE PATTERN OF EARTH HISTORY. Introduction to Part Two. The Stratigraphical Record and Global Rhythm. The North Atlantic Region: A Journey Through Time. The Precambrian: Peering into Deep Time. Pangaea: Birth of a Giant. Pangaea and the Opening of the Atlantic. Summary of Part Two: The Pattern of Earth History. Lexicon of Stratigraphical Terms. Index.


ObjectiveFine mapping of HIV-1 gp41 fusion-critical sites. Design and methodsAntibodies from human HIV-1-positive sera were affinity-purified on a panel of synthetic overlapping peptides spanning residues 526–682 of the extracellular portion of HIV-1 gp41. The syncytium-inhibiting capacity of the immunopurified antibodies and their differential reactivity on the synthetic peptides were tested. ResultsThis approach enabled the identification of residues 583–591 (ARILAVERY), 595–599 (QQLLG), 603–609 (CSGKLIC) and 664–673 (ELLELDKWAS) as possibly involved in the fusion process. Reduction in the anti-ARILAVERY, anti-CSGKLIC and anti-ELLELDKWAS antibody titres and frequencies correlates with disease progression. Syncytia-inhibition capacity of sera did not correlate with the presence of high-titre antibodies reacting with any of the peptides tested, suggesting that most fusion-affecting antibodies are not directed towards gp41. ConclusionsThis strategy may be relevant for understanding the contribution of anti-gp41 antibodies in protecting against the pathogenic effects of the virus and in the design of an effective env vaccine.


Body-building Qigong is an important component of traditional Chinese sports. From the perspective of culture,it has distinct cultural connotation and strong mass base. It is a special kind of health-staying culture in Chinese traditional health study. In this paper, the researcher takes the body builders in Hai Kou People's Park as the object of this study, and does an extensive survey on the development of Body-building Qigong. During the study, there are mainly four methods being used, they are literature method, questionnaire method, investigation method, and mathematical statistic method. According to the result of this study, with the generalization and development of Qigong, the number of body builders in Qigong is markedly increased, but is still lower than that of other sports. Meanwhile, specialized instructors are not enough, and this will influence the development of Qigong in the future. The source of knowledge is single, and people are short of knowledge in Qigong. On the basis of research conclusions above, it is regarded as of importance to invite more professional instructors,retrain existing staff and improve their abilities.


In this paper we show the equivalence of model checking innnite systems and solving innnite Boolean equation systems, and give a method that solves innnite Boolean equation systems. The method is sound and complete, even if the problem itself is undecidable.


Objective To analyze the differences among the intellectual development and temperament behavior of premature infants and those of normal full-term infants in their infant period, so as to explore the law to promote the health growth of the intelligence and temperament behavioral of premature infants. Methods 68 cases of premature infants appropriate for gestational age and 102 cases of normal full-term infants were randomly selected for the establishment of cohort as the research subjects. The data of their developmental screening test(DST) at 12 months old were reviewed; and they respectively received Gesell infant intellectual development check at 18, 24, 30 months old, and their parents also received Carey infant temperament questionnaire(RITQ), and received Achenbach infant behavior checklist at 30 months old of the infants. A longitudinal analysis was performed on the differences among the results of the intellectual developments in 5 functional areas(applicability, large motion, fine motion, language, personal-social competence) with the increase in ages and the results of temperament checklist and dimension. The Student's t test, variance analysis, SNK-q test was used as statistical methods, and χ2 analysis was used for the comparison among the constituent ratios of segmental information. Results Compared with the full-term infants, the developmental quotient(DQ) and mental index(MI) at 12-month-old, as well as the DQ of five major functional areas at 18-month-old, 24-month-old and 30-month-old of the premature infants were lower; for the premature infants with corrected gestational age, their adaptability, large motion, fine motor and language at 18-month-old was statistically significant(P0.05); their adaptability and language at 24-month-old were weaker than those of the full-term infants(P0.05); and their language and personal social ability were weaker than those of the full-term infants(P0.05). On aspect of temperament, each temperament dimension of the two groups at 18, 24, 30-month-old was different; the ration of normal-to-rear and difficult-to-rear in the premature infant group was higher than that of the full-term infant group, and the behavioral problems of the premature infants at 30-month-old were severer than that of the control group. The longitudinal analysis showed that the DQ of five major functional areas of the premature infant group were different with the increase of month-old(P0.05) and the difference on temperament constituent ratio of the premature infant group was statistically significant; while there was no difference on DQ of the control group with the increase of month-old, the difference on temperament constituent ratio of the premature infant group was statistically significant, and the changes of each dimension of temperament analysis were also different. Conclusion The DQ of the premature infants in early childhood was lower than that of the normal full-term infants, but the gap can be shorted with the increase of month-old, and there has great plasticity in temperament during this period.


We present a general proof that Dirac particles cannot be localized below their Compton length by symmetric but otherwise arbitrary scalar potentials. This proof does not invoke the Heisenberg uncertainty relation and thus does not rely on the nonrelativistic linear momentum relation. Further it is argued that the result is also applicable for more general potentials, as, e.g., generated by nonlinear interactions. Finally a possible realization of such a system is proposed.


[Objective] To investigate the distribution and drug tolerance of vaginal bacteria frequently seen in our area. [Methods] We analyzed kind and drug susceptibility of vaginal bacteria using microorganism analyzing instrument, undertook mycoplasma culture and drug susceptibility test using ISC reagent box in Lizhu Co. (Zhuhai). [Results] We found 651 kinds of pathogen bacteria and test their proportion. [Conclusion] In vaginal infection, mycoplasma is most covering 50.2%, its resistance to Clarithromycin is the lowest covering 9.5%. Gramnegativebacilli susceptibility to Imipenem is the highest. Vanoomycin is still the most effective drug to grampositivebacilli.


A first step in noise control is to locate the regions on a structure which strongly couple sound energy into the surrounding medium. A powerful tool for accomplishing this is near‐field acoustic holography, which can produce a map of the acoustic energy flow surrounding a structure. In the most manageable form of holography, reconstructions of the surface of the source can be obtained if the surface coincides with a level surface of a separable coordinate system, a severe limitation. For treating sources with arbitrarily shaped surfaces a new technique, using spherical wave function expansions and singular value decomposition, was developed at Penn State University. This technique avoids the evanescent waves of plane wave expansions. Computer implementations have become feasible with the availability of high‐speed computers. A successful application of the new technique was an explanation of the measured radiation damping of elastic solids vibrating in a high‐density gas. [Research was supported by Natio...


Abstract: Bilateral anterior dislocation of the shoulders is rare. A 50-year-old male sustained anterior dislocation of his shoulderson both sides after a push from behind during assault. His arms were abducted and externally rotated. Movements were completely restricted and painful; the head of humerus was palpable in front of glenoid. Radiological examination revealed the bilateral anterior dislocation with no fractures. Prompt closed reduction followed by a 3 weeks immobilization and subsequent rehabilitation malted in good outcome. Keywords: Bilateral anterior dislocation, Shoulders, Closed reduction.


directed thrombolysis has become a widely used treatment option for iliofemoral venous thrombosis. This type of thrombolytic therapy reduces the size of the clot burden over a short period of time and often salvages the integrity ofvalve function. Other treatment options are systemic IV administration of heparmn or systemic thrombolysis with IV infusion of fibrinolytic agents such as urokinase or streptokinase. When given alone, heparmn seldom results in dissolution of deep venous clots. Krupski et al. [1] reported that fewer than 10% of patients treated with standard heparmn anticoagulation for thromboembolism in the lower extremity had clot lysis within 10 days of treatment, and 40% of those who did respond to the treatment continued to have thrombus propagation. Systemic thrombolysis with fibrinolytic agents such as urokinase, streptokinase, or recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rtPA) is more effective than heparmnization but less effective than catheter-directed thrombolysis because of the difficulty in penetrating thrombi completely by systemic means. Comerota and Aldridge [2] reported a 45% rate of significant or complete lysis in patients undergoing systemic thrombolysis for lower extremity deep venous thrombosis, a success rate considerably lower than that achieved with current methods of catheter-directed treatment. Since 199 1 , clinical experience with 263 patients has been reported in 15 studies of catheter-directed thrombolysis for deep venous thrombosis of the lower extremities involving the inferior vena cava (IVC), iliac veins, or femoral veins. Patients with involvement limited to the popliteal vein were excluded because this condition tends to be less severe and therefore less clinically challenging. What follows is a description of the procedure and a review of data from the 15 studies published to date: we describe the thrombolytic agents used, the rates and durations of infusion, the use of adjunctive techniques to improve treatment outcomes, short-term efficacy of catheter-directed thrombolysis, the incidence of acute complications associated with the procedure. and prophylactic measures used by various authors.


This paper presents an analysis of losses that occur during dead time in an active-clamp flyback converter utilizing Gallium Nitride based MOSFETs. This analysis is used to optimize the length of the dead-time period in order to minimize losses in the switching devices. When compared to silicon-based MOSFETs, GaN-based MOSFETs have lower switching losses and much higher reverse conduction losses, so it is not desirable to design for zero-voltage switching (ZVS) over a wide load range. The analysis presented in this paper finds an optimal trade-off between partial ZVS and reverse conduction losses, minimizing overall device switching losses and therefore increasing converter efficiency over the desired load range. A 15-W, four-output active-clamp flyback converter utilizing GaN devices at 1 MHz is designed and implemented using the recommended optimization. The experimental results confirm this analysis and result in a minimization of switching losses and an increase in converter efficiency.


Abstract In this paper, we introduce a C*-algebra associated with a primitive substitution. We show that when σ is proper, the C*-algebra is simple and purely infinite and contains the associated Cuntz–Krieger algebra and the crossed product C*-algebra of the corresponding Cantor minimal system. We calculate the K-groups.


The article covers relevant issues of the theory of risks in the civil law. The article shows opinions of different groups of scientists on the «Risk» category which includes contemporary ones as well. «Risk» category is described in conjunction with the «responsibility» and «guilt» categories, with regard to the subject and method of the civil law. Risk is considered also as the basis of «responsibility without fault». In the conclusion author's definition of category «risk» is given.


In this paper, a novel approach is proposed for learning visual object classifiers with only positive images. Both positive and negative examples are collected from the positive images, and the false negative examples are filtered out by the Ramp Loss function, which has a strong ability of suppressing the influence of outliers. Meanwhile, the Latent Structural Support Vector Machines are adopted to estimate the best bounding boxes due to the unavoidable annotation errors. In learning the sub-problems, an extremely fast learning algorithm, CCCP-SGD, is proposed to optimize the Ramp Loss-based SVMs based on the Stochastic Gradient Descent algorithm. Experiments demonstrate that the CCCP-SGD algorithm can reduce the computing time both in the training and predicting phases, especially with a significant speedup in training, whilst it can also yield robust generalization performance when dataset is noisy. Besides, the visual object classifiers learnt by our approach with only positive images almost have the same performance as the classifiers learned with both positive and negative examples in object detection tasks.


The IUHPE was invited to attend the Second European Conference on Environment and Health, arranged by WHO, and was represented by D' Per-Erik Isaksson, member of the Board of Trustees and Executive Director of Folkhälsan, a nongovernmental social- and health organization in Finland.


Multilevel converters have been considered due to several advantages such as high power quality, low switching losses, high efficiency, among others. This paper proposes two new cascaded power converter topologies which are based on five-level sub-module architecture. Both structures are analyzed in symmetrical and asymmetrical operation modes, showing advantages in terms of number of voltage levels, number of semiconductor and driver devices, reducing the area and weight of the converter. The performance of the proposed configurations is verified by considering PSCAD/EMTDC simulation environment.


Abstract Feeding insects as raw or processed is becoming widespread among poultry farmers due to the high cost of animal feed ingredients. Various factors such as cultural beliefs, level of education, geographical location, gender, and exposure could affect the acceptance or rejection of such meat that are insect-fed. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate consumers' perception of meat from insect-fed chickens among the youth in the Eastern Cape of South Africa using University students as a case study. A total of 300 respondents from three universities in the Eastern Cape, South Africa were interviewed using structured google form questionnaires. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and chi-squares tests. Participants answered a total of 14 questions that were based on chicken meat, insect feeds and demographics. Results showed that 54% of the respondents are aware of insect-fed chicken meat. A high percentage (76%) of consumers from all three origins, i.e., rural, semi-urban and urban, suggest a positive perception about chickens eating insects. About 73.3% strongly disagreed that consuming insect-fed chicken meat cause allergies, and 69% of the participants were not concerned about knowing the types of insects used. Only 16% show concern about buying meat from insect-fed chickens. About 60.67% agreed or strongly agreed that insects could increase food for the world population. Among all factors analyzed, the participant's origin and beliefs significantly influenced their readiness to eat insect-fed chicken meat. Therefore, most consumers in this study supported the concept of feeding chickens with insects to reduce the cost of feeds. Thereby meeting human demand for chicken meat for animal protein, especially in sub-Saharan Africa.


This book provides a solid foundation and an extensive study for an important class of constrained optimization problems known as Mathematical Programs with Equilibrium Constraints (MPEC), which are extensions of bilevel optimization problems. The book begins with the description of many source problems arising from engineering and economics that are amenable to treatment by the MPEC methodology. Error bounds and parametric analysis are the main tools to establish a theory of exact penalisation, a set of MPEC constraint qualifications and the first-order and second-order optimality conditions. The book also describes several iterative algorithms such as a penalty-based interior point algorithm, an implicit programming algorithm and a piecewise sequential quadratic programming algorithm for MPECs. Results in the book are expected to have significant impacts in such disciplines as engineering design, economics and game equilibria, and transportation planning, within all of which MPEC has a central role to play in the modelling of many practical problems.


A flight test of the Aero jet Engineering Corporation's 7KS-6000 T-27 Jato rocket motor was conducted at the Langley Pilotless Aircraft Research Station at Wallops Island, Va, to determine the flight performance characteristics of the motor. The flight test imposed an absolute longitudinal acceleration of 9.8 g upon the rocket motor at 2.8 seconds after launching. The total impulse developed by the motor was 43,400 pound-seconds, and the thrusting time was 7.58 seconds. The maximum thrust was 7200 pounds and occurred at 4.8 seconds after launching. No thrust irregularities attributable to effects of the flight longitudinal acceleration were observed. Certain small thrust irregularities occurred in the flight test which appear to correspond to irregularities observed in static tests conducted elsewhere. A hypothesis regarding the origin of these small irregularities is presented.


The purpose of this research study was to identify what companies have learned about the most effective methods of greening their business, and to find out what knowledge, attitudes and values were considered by companies to be most helpful in facilitating the shift to sustainable business. A sample of 108 manufacturing companies in Ontario was selected. Respondents were asked to think about their most successful environmental project during the past four years, and to complete a comprehensive questionnaire consisting of both quantitative and qualitative questions. The questionnaire addressed three major topics: (a) the company's main reasons for launching the environmental project; (b) how the Company planned and implemented the project, and what was learned about the relative helpfulness of 76 environmental management methods, and (c) the kinds of learning which, in retrospect, companies believe t o be essential in order to green


Dr. Machen here discusses faith on lines which are in harmony with his previous work, "Christianity and Liberalism." He properly deprecates the tendency of today to eliminate knowledge from faith, and to avoid clear definitions. The hook, in fact, has as one of its chief purposes "to defend the primacy of the intellect." The author assumes that Pragmatism necessarily leads to Agnosticism (p. 28). He proposes a study of faith not philosophically or psychologically, but according to the New Testament. In the second chapter it is held that faith in God is based on an intellectual element. In Hebrews 11 :6, faith is based on belief in a doctrine. As the author puts it, "religion is here made to depend absolutely upon doctrine" (p. 47). The entire chapter develops this point, and it is shown generally that such belief in God arises from the testimony of nature, of conscience, and of the Bible. The chapter on Faith in Christ points out that Theism alone is insufficient for faith in God. Christ has revealed God to men. And the New Testament brings us the knowledge of Christ. But here again the burden of the argument is to show that knowledge is an invariable and necessary element in faith as against the current effort to disparage doctrine and knowledge in the realm of religion. In Chapter IV it is argued that faith is born of need, and that a sense of sin and guilt is necessary to an appreciation of Christ and Christianity. In Chapter V the cross is expounded as the means 'by which Christ reaches and saves men, and in


The use of qualitative evaluations and comparisons entailed by heuristic choice strategies may account for the occurrence of decision anomalies such as certainty effects, possibility effects, and preference reversals. The strong reduction of these effects when gambles are represented as being played many times suggests that the multiple-play representation leads to an increase in the use of integration strategies that are more quantitative. This hypothesis was supported by subjects' written justifications for choosing or refusing to play a gamble 1 or 100 times. Justifications for single-play choices tended to focus on single attributes of the gamble, whereas justifications for multiple play choices tended to reflect strategies that integrated probabilities and outcomes.


Endoscopic ultrasound -or endosonography, or gastrointestinal endoscopic ultrasound- is a procedure that, by means of a transductor located at the tip of an endoscope, is increasingly utilized for the evaluation of lesions in the gastrointestinal tract and surrounding anatomic spaces. This technology makes possible the evaluation of lesions located not only in the esophagus, stomach, duodenum and rectum, but also in the mediastinum, lung, pancreas, liver gallbladder, adrenal glands, ovaries, etc.


Based upon a detailed comparable analysis on the actual production status, historical background of application and technological analysis of two different typical casting processes. It is firmly proved that the gravity diecasting process represents the worldwide significant advantage in comparison with low pressure diecasting process on the industrialized casting production of aluminium cylinder heads, which is regarded as one of the most important and complicated component especially for the multiple valve engines widely used today in the modern automotive industry.


An accurate and economical method for the simultaneous estimation of Diclofenac sodium and Rabeprazole in tablet formulation has been developed. The method involves the solving of simultaneous equations. Diclofenac sodium has absorbance maxima at 279.8 nm and Rabeprazole has absorbance maxima at 293.8 nm in solvent mixture (methanol:0.1N NaOH, 50:50v/v). Both these drugs obey Beer's law in concentration ranges employed for the present method. The result of analysis has been validated statistically by recovery studies.


This paper summarizes five years of research on chemical treatments to control storage scald of Anjou pears. Chemicals used include the antioxidants diphenylamine (DPA) and ethoxyquin, as well as a sucrose ester marketed as Semperfresh. Applications included different combinations, concentrations and formulations. Both antioxidants controlled storage scald when used at label rates; however, chemical marking developed when fruit was in contact with other fruit or against container walls. In general ethoxyquin was more effective than DPA in controlling storage scald, but ethoxyquin-treated fruit developed more internal browning than untreated fruit or fruit drenched with DPA. Chemical marking was reduced when antioxidant concentration was reduced, or fruit was not in contact with other fruit. Semperfresh in combination with antioxidant improved scald control. Pears treated with antioxidant and/or Semperfresh were greener than untreated fruit. Firmness was higher in Semperfresh treated Anjou pears, but it was not affected by antioxidant. Additional research is required, but it appears that either DPA or ethoxyquin can be used to control storage scald of Anjou pears.


This text deals with the conflict betwen word and image it theatre performance, with special regard to diference between the point of wiew of director and stagedesigner. The analisis my graduite performance in witch the old Czech play Jan za chrta dan was put on stage is integral part of this work. Complete pictorial documentation of this performance is included.


The study intended to find out how consumers (tourists) perceive service quality and whether they are satisfied with Services offered by hotels in Tanzania. The study was conducted in tourist hotels from Dar-es –salaam Tanzania. The general objectives of the study were to determine overall service quality perceived by tourists in Tanzania hotels and identify dimension that bring satisfaction to the tourist. From the study the researcher used a self-completion questionnaire developed from the SERVQUAL instrument suggested by Parasuraman, Zeithaml, and Berry (1988), and distributed to 150 respondents in Dar-es-salaam, Tanzania to determine their perceptions of service quality in hotel industry and the model used dimensions which include Tangibility, Reliability, Responsiveness, Assurance, Empathy and Price. The researcher used secondary methods of data collection of which were previously gathered by some other researcher such as project reports, books, internet, journal and documentary review. The researcher finds out that the overall service quality was perceived low (-17.4), Meaning expectations exceeded perceptions of services. Thus the actual hotel services offered to tourists in Tanzania are less than what was expected because almost every dimension of service quality brings tourist dissatisfaction. According to research findings and discussion made in this study the researcher recommends that, Tanzanian hotel have to improve performance on all the dimensions of service quality which includes Tangibility, Reliability, Responsiveness, Assurance, Empathy and Price in order to increase tourist satisfaction and enable them maintain high level of competitiveness with other countries.


Exact solutions of acoustic leaky modes in single-mode fibres have been presented using a complex root search method. The leaky mode of GeO2: SiO2 (core) and SiO2 (cladding) single-mode fibre has been obtained. The present method has been compared with an approximate method. It has been found that the attenuation along the fibre axis is much higher than that obtained from the approximate method.


Tropical pulmonary eosinophilia (TPE) is an easily diagnosed and treatable disease. Patients with TPE usually present with respiratory symptoms that include paroxysmal cough, breathlessness, wheeze and chest pain, often misdiagnosed as bronchial asthma. This case highlights one of the unusual presentations of TPE and discusses the association between TPE and pulmonary hypertension.


To establish differences in health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) in adults born term and those born very preterm (VPT) and/or with a very low birth weight (VLBW).


A kind of compressible miscible displacement problems including molecular diffusion and dispersion in porous media is studied. A symmetric interior penalty discontinuous Galerkin method is applied to the coupled system of flow and transport. Explicit a posteriori error estimates are obtained based on the duality argument, approximation properties and residual notations. The resulting error bound is shown to be reliable and worthwhile for guiding dynamic mesh adaptivity. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Abstract The study sought to explore university students' perceptions of the Voluntary Counselling and Testing (VCT) programme. Ninety-nine Black African students were randomly selected from a class of students majoring in psychology to take part in the survey. A questionnaire was used to gather data on the students' perceptions of VCT. Data were analysed in terms of response frequencies and percentages. The study showed that most of the participants knew about the VCT programme that was offered by both the government and private organisations. The students indicated that the VCT programme was important because they were vulnerable to HIV infection. However, most of the students in this study reported that they were not testing for HIV because of leakage of results, fear of knowing their status, stigmatisation and labelling. Participants reported that peer educators, radio and television were their source of information for HIV prevention. Further research with a larger sample is recommended to get generalisable results.


Managing the menopause today is a complex and multi-faceted issue. Indeed, it is the phase in the female lifecycle where care is probably most neglected.


Objective:To investigate the diagnosis and treatment of central hyponatremia.Methods: The clinical data of 32 patients with central hyponatremia,who received treatment in our hospital in recent 5 years,were analyzed retrospectively.Results: The 5 patients accorded with the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion,27 cases were consistent with cerebral salt wasting syndrome,all patients with hyponatremia were cured within 1-2 weeks.Conclusion: Central hyponatremia after neurosurgical disorders should be closely monitored serum sodium,central venous pressure and 24-hour urinary sodium level,and as a basis for identifying its type,to give effective treament.


The existing experimental data on total cross sections for hadron production in e{sup +}e{sup -} annihilation in the resonance region {radical}(s)=3.8-4.8 GeV, usually presented in terms of the parameter R, are critically examined. It is shown that the Crystal Ball and BES measurements are in excellent agreement, and their analysis leads to consistent resonance parameters for the three vector resonances above the DD threshold. The results for the widths are found to be considerably different from the presently adopted values, and have much smaller errors.


A rotatable shaft force is applied (26) torque, throughout the magnetically active regions, a conductive foil which is fixed to the surface of the shaft sleeve (84) is mounted on a rotatable shaft parallel to the center line of the rotary Te of the magnetic wire (28) or magnetic strip, a detection circuit comprising an oscillator (12) for generating a signal, for dividing the frequency of the signal at 2, it is coupled to the oscillator and the divider (16), respectively, enclose different portions of the rotatable shaft (26), the first and second coils having an input coupled to the divider output (22, 24), the first coil (22) and the second coil (24) and oscillator (12) and a multiplier having an input coupled to (18), coupled to the multiplexing output coupled to both the output of the first and second coil is the have integrator and (34) having an input, an output voltage of the integrator is rotated Allowed Flux magnetometer torque sensor is provided, characterized in that corresponding to the torque applied to a shaft.


The study sought to determine relationship between strategic planning and performance of Kenya Water Institute, Kenya. The study was guided by resource based theory and it posited a conceptual framework in which strategic planning was the independent variable, organizational performance the dependent variable. A correlational survey design was employed with population drawn from management and teaching staff in all the four campuses of Kenya Water Institute. The results showed that the correlation between developing mission and vision, drawing and implementation of strategic plan and resource allocation with growth and expansion and revenue generation were positive and significant with correlation coefficients of 0.675,0.611 respectively. On the other hand, the correlation between developing organizational mission and vision, drawing and implementation of strategic plan, Resource allocation and the two constructs of organizational performance were positive and significant with correlation coefficients of 0.553,and 0.497 respectively, P< 0.01.This implied that if the organization develops its mission and vision well, draws and implements its strategic plan, it will have a positive improvement in performance .The study recommends that KEWI should engage in more strategic planning practices in order to realize consistent improvement in performance.


The finite determinacy of smooth function germ is the key in approximating the nonlinear function with infinite terms by its finite terms. In this paper, we discuss the inclusion relations with a new equivalent form for function germs in orbit tangent spaces, and get an improved form of the finite k-determinacy of smooth function germ. As an application, the methods in judging the right equivalency of Whitney function family with codimension 8 are presented. c ©2016 All rights reserved.


In the continuation phase of treatment for acute mania, knowledge of the natural duration of an untreated episode and the recognition of mixed states are key issues. Steve Titmarsh reports on Professor Allan Young's lecture on this important topic given at a satellite symposium organised by Lundbeck at the 12th Latest Advances in Psychiatry meeting in London in March.


Insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) is a potent stimulator of vascular smooth muscle cell (SMC) migration, a process that contributes to the accumulation of SMC within atherosclerotic lesions. Our previous studies have shown that IGF-I increases the affinity of the αVβ3 integrin toward ligands and that occupancy of this integrin is indispensable for IGF-I to stimulate cell migration. In this study, the role of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI 3-kinase) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways in IGF-I induced cell motility and integrin activation was studied using porcine aortic smooth muscle cells (pSMC). Two structurally different inhibitors of PI 3-kinase decreased IGF-I-stimulated pSMC migration in a dose-dependent manner. The IC50 of wortmannin for inhibiting migration was 10 nm, and that of LY294002 was 0.3 μm. These inhibitors also suppressed IGF-I-induced phosphorylation of protein kinase B PKB/Akt at Ser437 using concentrations that also inhibited cell motility. PD98059, an inhibito...


Curcuminoid is a compound that is contained in tumeric plant with the main content in the form of curcumin yellow orange. Turmeric farmaers currently experiencing problems in selling the crops due to the unavailability of appropriate technology for farmers to be able to measure the content of curcumin effecttively. Analysis of curcumin is generally done with chromatographic methods which tend to require time and high costs. Therefore, it will be measured levels spectrophotometric curcuminoid based method using spectrophotometer visible.
The stages of this research is the collection of samples of tumeric, saffron preparation of the samples taken from various places plant in Central Java, including Semarang, Kudus, Jepara, Pati and Blora. Analysis was done by measuring absorbance and transmitasi where the results are used to determine the absorbance curcuminoid levels in turmeric. The results obtained are curcuminoid levels starch Pati (52,05) – Semarang (32,42) – Blora (29,13) – Jepara (21,68), Kudus (21,60). From this research, the measurement of the highest levels produced by turmeric curcuminoid of Pati.

Keyword: turmeric, curcumin, curcuminoid, spectrophotometry, visible spectrophotometer.


In this article, I intend to raise a debate on a very recent phenomenon of the music industry: the location-based musical album app. In this context, I discuss in which manners the physical public space can be interpreted as interface. The space mediates, reshapes and adds meaning to a site-specific musical album. The walking activity becomes the input that one needs to perform in order to encounter the output (music). The album listening is relative to the extension covered of these pre-designed territories.
 I see space as an intriguing interface, in this case delivering the main content (the musical album) as well as guiding people further on their experiences, influencing their personal narrative and perception of that work of art. My argumentation follows recent theories on mobile music listening, locative and pervasive media, entangling different perspectives in order to analyze this new musical album format, which had its first appearances in the year of 2011.


Measurements of sonic absorption in oxygen at 23°C have been made using the modified Kundt tube reported by the senior author [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 32, (A) 1511 (1960)]. The relaxation absorption was obtained by subtracting the tube absorption predicted by the Helmholtz ‐ Kirchhoff theory (corrected experimentally by determinations with non‐relaxing gases) from the total absorption. CO2 up to 2 mole‐percent was used and the frequency‐pressure ratio ran from 10 to 5000 cps/atm. Pure oxygen shows maximum absorption per wavelength at about 70 cps/atm. The maximum absorption shifts linearly to higher frequencies by about 430 cps/atm per mole‐percent added CO2. An O2‐CO2 collision is thus about 600 times as effective in promoting equilibrium as an O2‐O2. Although this finding is in apparent disagreement with Knudsen and Fricke [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 10, 89 (1938)], who found that only CO2 is responsible for absorption in oxygen at any percentage, they worked at higher frequencies and percentages of CO2 whose abso...


Most teachers would agree that boredom is the main enemy of effective learning and that students and teachers are not a special breed of individuals who delight in being bored. Yet in most cases, the EFL materials do not generally reflect a concern for lively and entertaining lessons in non-English speaking countries. Perhaps the main reason is that it is felt that only topics with some kind of second language (ESL) orientation can be necessarily interesting and relevant for EFL students. The point is debatable and worth considering in detail. In fact, the teacher will need to decide, within the context of local conditions, just how limited or extensive a command of the language his particular student require. There would be a radical difference between the courses we design for EFL students who need the language for some very limited task like reading for comprehension and those designed for ESL students who need to acquire a great deal of basic academic training through the medium of English. In this article, it is argued that because of the restricted views concerning EFL instruction, even the best of ESL programmes are not adequate to account for the language acquisition of EFL students, no matter how they are applied.


Sustainable development and the fight against climate change are now priorities in majority of countries. The contribution of renewable energies to these two ambitions has been proven. Wind being a renewable energy source, several works was carried out in this field for an effective exploitation of this resource. Thus, wind modeling using the Weibull distribution was of paramount importance. The objective of this study is to model the wind speed at Ntem, South Region of Cameroon, for good decision making on possible projects of electricity production from the wind and toward contribution to the sustainable development of rural areas in this locality. For this purpose, the average hourly wind speed data for the period of November 2012 to October 2014 provided by a station located at a height of 10 m in Ambam were used. The modeling of this wind speed by the Weibull distribution for determining the two function parameters k and C was carried out with four numerical methods: graphical method (GM), empirical method (EM), method of factor energy, and the moment method (MM). The EM presented a better performance than the other techniques. Moreover, the average density of wind energy based on the average cubic root of the cubes was estimated at 93.7628 kW/m2/year in 2013. This result presents Ambam as an unfavorable zone for wind power generation with fair wind characteristics. But it is very important to mention that, for a height of 10 m, this potential is not negligible in the Cameroonian context where domestic energy (lighting, telephone recharging, radio, television, etc.) is not yet available for most villages, located far from the national power grid.


The U.S. Army and NASA are currently developing the Rotorcraft Aircrew Systems Concepts Airborne Laboratory (RASCAL) at the Ames Research Center. RASCAL, shown in Figure 1, is a UH-60, which is being modified in a phased development program to have a research fly-by-wire flight control system, and an advanced navigation research platform. An important part of the flight controls and handling qualities research on RASCAL will be an FCS design for the aircraft to achieve high bandwidth control responses and disturbance rejection characteristics. Initially, body states will be used as feedbacks, but research into the use of rotor states will also be considered in later stages to maximize agility and maneuverability. In addition to supporting flight controls research, this FCS design will serve as the inflight simulation control law to support basic handling qualities, guidance, and displays research. Research in high bandwidth controls laws is motivated by the desire to improve the handling qualities in aggressive maneuvering and in severely degraded weather conditions. Naturally, these advantages will also improve the quality of the model following, thereby improving the inflight simulation capabilities of the research vehicle. High bandwidth in the control laws provides tighter tracking allowing for higher response bandwidths which can meet handling qualities requirements for aggressive maneuvering. System sensitivity is also reduced preventing variations in the response from the vehicle due to changing flight conditions. In addition, improved gust rejection will result from this reduced sensitivity. The gust rejection coupled with a highly stable system will make more precise maneuvering and pointing possible in severely degraded weather conditions. The difficulty in achieving higher bandwidths from the control laws in the feedback and in the responses arises from the complexity of the models that are needed to produce a satisfactory design. In this case, high quality models that include rotor dynamics in a physically meaningful context must be available. A non-physical accounting of the rotor, such as lumping the effect as a time delay, is not likely to produce the desired results. High order simulation models based on first principals are satisfactory for the initial design phase in order to work out the control law design concept and get an initial set of gains. These models, however, have known deficiencies, which must be resolved in the final control law design. The error in the pitch-roll cross coupling is one notable deficiency that even sophisticated rotorcraft models including complex wake aerodynamics have yet to capture successfully. This error must be accounted for to achieve the desired decoupling. The approach to design the proposed inflight simulation control law is based on using a combination of simulation and identified models. The linear and nonlinear higher order models were used to develop an explicit model following control structure. This structure was developed to accommodate the design of control laws compliant to many of the quantitative requirements in ADS-33C. Furthermore, it also allows for control law research using rotor-state feedback and other design methodologies such as Quantitative Feedback and H-Infinity. Final gain selection will be based on higher order identified models which include rotor degrees of freedom.


【Objectives: This study was designed to investigate the effects of Trogopterorum Faeces on the apoptostic cell death in breast cancer cells. Methods: In the experiment, the effects of Trogopterorum Faeces on proliferation rates and type of cell death were investigated using MCF-7 cells in vitro. The effects on expression levels of caspase 3 and caspase 9 were also investigated. Results: The effects on expression levels of caspase 3 and caspase 9 were also investigated. In the present results, treatment with Trogopterorum Faeces decreased proliferation rates in a dose dependent manner. $ID_{50}$ (50 % inhibitory dosage) was $177.2{\mu}g/ml$ . In addition, treatment with Trogopterorum Faeces increased percentage of apoptotic cells. Finally the expression level of caspase 3 and caspase 9 were elevated by treatment with Trogopterorum Faeces respectively. Conclusions: This study suggests that Trogopterorum Faeces can trigger caspase dependent apoptosis in MCF-7 cells.】


in salamanders. Misc. Publ. Mus. Zool. Univ. Mich. 169:23-28. PARICHY, D. M., AND R. H. KAPLAN. 1992. Maternal effects on offspring growth and development depend on environmental quality in the frog Bombina orientalis. Oecologia 91:579-586. PATTERSON, K. K. 1978. Life history aspects of paedogenic populations of the mole salamander, Ambystoma talpoideum. Copeia 1978:649-655. ROFF, D. A. 1992. The Evolution of Life Histories: Theory and Analysis. Chapman and Hall, New York.


Liu Chun, a famous physician of the Ming dynasty, born in a prestigious family in Wuling (Tai County, Jiangsu Province). He studied medicine from his father Liu Juquan and Mr. Feng Tinggan in his early years. It was said Liu Chun moved to Chang'an (now Xi'an, Shaanxi Province) in 1368 and lived there for about twenty years, then moved to Liangzhou along with the army (Wuwei County, Gansu Province) before 1395 and resided in Ganzhou (Zhangye County, Gansu Province). He wrote many medical books, including Yi jing xiao xue, Yu ji wei yi, Za bing zhi li and Shang han zhi li, all published after his death. His other two books Tai su mai jue and Shou qin yang lao bu yi could not be found. It was inferred that Liu Chun who lived for about seventy years might be born in 1340 and died in 1412.


Following 35 years of research and development and resolute database compilation, two significant and comprehensive bibliographic database aggregations were released by NISC in early 2010 and made accessible on the EBSCOhost platform, www.ebscohost.com. FFAB (Fish, Fisheries and Aquatic Biodiversity Worldwide) combines 19 databases and comprises 1.5 million references with abstracts and keyword indexing. Similarly, WOW (Waters and Oceans Worldwide) comprises 20 aggregated databases and 2 million records. The launch of these information resources is a triumph for international collaboration extending over 35 years. This paper describes the technological challenges of maintaining, compiling and developing the FISHLIT, WATERLIT, FIRI (Fishing Industry Research Index) and Aquatic Biology Collection (ABC) databases from 195 to the present day and describes their inclusion in NISC database aggregations over the same period. Technological challenges have included porting the data from mainframe to PC, from DOS to Windows, and between successive data capture systems (mainframe-based STAIRS, to PC-based PICK, and then Access) and more recently to the web. Similarly, the database products/aggregations have moved from CD ROM to online hosting on NISC BiblioLine, to now being made available on the EBSCOhost platform. The paper goes on to describe the challenges of working with an international team to compile information resources which are aggregations of databases sourced from major aquatic, marine and fisheries institutions based across the globe. FFAB and WOW represent database combinations never attempted before and thus provide new extensive collaboration by documentalists, software developers and data compilers based in the US, UK, Africa, Europe and Asia. Thus the design and development of FFAB and WOW has been a truly international project, compiling one world of information from widespread sources of information and expertise.