UBLIC Health in the Space Age conjures up visions of a port medical doctor setting off in a pilot rocket to intercept a suspected space ship before its re-entry into the gravitational field of the earth. That is not quite the intention, although in these days a scientific fantasy dreamed up by the fiction writer may be a fact in the stop-press of the newspaper which reviews his book. Nor is the idea of space quarantine an extravaganza. It is the sober concern, even now, of COSPAR. This is the Council of Space Research, a very dignified international body affiliating the learned societies. It adopted CETEX, which is not a patent headache powder nor a two-way stretch, but &dquo;Contamination by Extra-Terrestrial Exploration.&dquo; Contamination can take many forms. We have had the vociferous protests of the scientists about the socalled &dquo;rainbow bomb&dquo; which the Americans exploded in the Van Allen Layer, the radiation belt on the frontiers of Space, and which has seriously interfered with the observations of the radio-astronomers and may have tampered, in an unpredictable way, with the earth's magnetic field. We have had the equivalent of tin-tacks scattered by rockets to try to produce a reflecting layer but, as far as serious scientists are concerned, just the equivalent of Bank Holiday litter. The suggestion has been canvassed of disposing of radioactive garbage in Space, putting dangerous atomic wastes into rocket dust-bins and releasing them as curie-loaded satellites or just tipping the garbage into non-gravitational space. There are, moreover, risks of biological contamination at which the imagination boggles but which are sober


Adolescents account for 22.8 per cent of Indian population; that means 230 million Indians are adolescents in the age group of 10 to 19 years. Further, the adolescent girl's population is found to be 22.8 per cent in Karnataka which accounts for 5.9 lakhs.


Coral aragonite encodes a rich, complex record of ambient environmental conditions (including temperature, salinity, pollutants) during skeletogenesis. Annual growth banding in appropriate species provides an internal calendar, and the rapidity of skeletal growth permits temporal sampling to at least a sub-monthly basis. The longevity of reef coral colonies can provide continuous centuries-long environmental records. The presence of well-dated Pleistocene coral reefs at sites across the world ocean extends this record into the more distant past. Thus corals are a remarkable resource for the investigation of environmental conditions over perhaps 7 orders of magnitude of time. The past few years have seen considerable use of Sr/Ca ratios in scleractinian corals to reconstruct sea surface temperatures (SSTs) to document global change. The detailed correlation between Sr/Ca ratios in living corals and measured ambient water temperature is often remarkable, as is the match in older corals between Sr/Ca ratios and such other SST temperature proxies as 18O /16O ratios.


Expressionists were New York artists who created art with non-representation, in other words, art that didn't look like anything. Jackson Pollock dripped, poured and spattered paint on large canvases placed on the floor. Fun fact: some of his paintings have his foot prints on them! ABSTRACT EXPRESSION Pollock also used a style called Automatism which means not planning out your artwork first, using chance and accidents to create art. Jackson Pollock, 1950 Photograph by Hans Namuth Courtesy Center for Creative Photography, University of Arizona© 1991 Hans Namuth Estate Dip your paint brush into paint and drip it over the paper. Now try flicking the brush at the paper. Look at the different ways the paint hits the paper. Dip an old toothbrush into paint. Holding the brush near the bristles and pointing it at the paper, run your finger or thumb over the bristles. Look at the spatters you made. Pour paint into a squeeze bottle and pour the paint over your paper. Place a sheet of paper, the bigger the better, on top of old newspapers or an old bed sheet. Try these three different techniques. Materials Needed: paper newspapers/old bed sheet paint (thinned out with water) paint brushes old toothbrush squeeze bottle Jackson PollockSummertime: Number 9A 1948Tate© Pollock Krasner Foundation, Inc. Do this on the grass; no clean up needed!


uberculosis verrucosa cutis (TBVC) is a paucibacillary form of cutaneous tuberculosis caused by exogenous reinfection in previously sensitized individuals. Inoculation occurs at sites of minor wounds or abrasions, and rarely from the patient's own sputum. The TBVC usually occurs on the hands in adults, and on the lower extremities in children. In western countries, TBVC is a rare form of cutaneous tuberculosis, however, in the Asian subcontinent it may be quite common.


Eight conventional DNA extraction methods,i.e.CTAB,improved CTAB,SDS,improved SDS,improved Chen-daming method,high salt low pH,SDS-CTAB and Benzyl Chloride method,were used and slightly modified by adding some purification steps,such as two times of precipitation with isopropanol and ethanol and increasing centrifugation force,to extract genomic DNA from Sanhua plum leaves.Extraction results were analyzed and compared.It was shown that the best DNA extraction result was obtained by using CTAB,followed by improved CTAB and high salt low pH.The other 5 methods were not good for the extraction of Sanhua plum genomic DNA.CTAB method was not only good for the extraction of genomic DNA from Sanhua plum leaves of different seasons(April,August,December) and different maturations(unexpanded,expanded,mature,old) but also good for the extraction of genomic DNA from tender leaves of other 11 tested plum varieties.


The Usage of Principles of System Geological-Technological Forecasting in the Justification of the Recovery The analysis of geological -physical and physical - chemical properties of productive reservoirs and fluids was made. Grouping of objects was done and the centers of grouping were defined, the adjacent objects were selected for carrying out further research. The analysis of geological features of various groups of objects allowing planning actions for improvement of development system for the purpose of oil recovery increase was carried out. The optimum complex of technologies of oil recovery increase and decrease in water content differentially on the allocated groups of fields was recommended. It was offered to apply the recommendations for objects of each of the selected groups.


Stress in microalgae through the metabolic pathway increases the value of lipids and caratenoids. In this study, two stage feeding in Chlorella pyerenoidosa and Chlorella vulgaris are evaluated. BBM for Chlorella vulgaris and Sorrokin/Krauss Chlorella pyrenoidosa are using as standar medium which is label as A0/B0, cow manure Medium with fluorescence light exposure labelled as A1/B1, with sunlight exposure labelled as A2/B2 plus urea 0.1 g/l [1] with fluorescence rays exposureas A3/B3.v Two stage feeding is evaluated in A4/B4 that compose medium A3/B3 which is added to A1/B1 medium on reaching the stationary phase. Which is Chlorella pyrenoidosa is labeled as A and Chlorella vulgaris in label B. The highest accumulation of biomass in Chlorella species was seen with the addition of urea in A3 and A4, but it had the lowest lipid content. During the experiment with the addition of water and nutrients from cow manure, the lipid values visibly increased, but not optimally. In Chlorella pyrenoidosa and Chlorella vulgaris species which is the object of this study, the lipid values on A1 and B1 are higher than the control and treatment with sunlight exposure, as well as the addition of urea.


The scale of weather monitoring is limited by the cost of the automatic weather stations (AWS), which is mainly the cost of high precision instruments and long-distance wireless telecommunication equipments. We propose a wireless sensor network (WSN) based AWS, which takes advantage of the low-cost, real-time and infrastructure-free characteristics of WSN [1]. We can therefore extend the scale of weather monitoring without increasing the number of telecommunication equipments. This WSN-based AWS is able to cover a plane and gather multiple sets of weather measurements in real-time at a better data resolution.


At the time to submit papers for these proceedings, CoRoT will be launched in less than one month. The scientific programme, the instrument and the mission profile have been described in several places recently (e.g., Baglin et al. 2006, Michel et al. 2006a) and a dedicated volume (Fridlund et al. 2006) has been published, where these aspects are commented on in detail. In the present paper, we focus on a description of the nature and quality of the data expected from the CoRoT seismology observational programme. We thus first review a few specific aspects of the CoRoT instrument and mission profile necessary to have a clear idea of the nature and quantity of the data to come. Then, we produce data simulations for selected targets to illustrate the expected performance. In particular, we consider classical pulsators, extending the work initiated by Michel et al. (2006a) with solar-like pulsators.


Condition based maintenance(CBM)is the development trend for maintenance of electrical equipments.This paper introduces the development process of the maintenance mode of electrical equipments in China,points out the necessity of CBM.It analyzes the contents for CBM,and discusses the development condition of technology support system for CBM.Then important problems are pointed out.Finally,the maintenance mode of single equipment is discussed according to the current technical level and management base Through selectin g optimal maintain way for different equipments,economic performance can be greatly increased.


The Lake Sidi Boughaba is a Ramsar site (1980) located on the Atlantic coast of north-west Morocco. It is oriented NNE - SSW and located in a secondary interdunal depression formed in a complex of the main wetlands of Morocco. The waters of this lake are deteriorating in quality, with increasing salinization. To identify the processes and chemical reactions that govern salinization, the main major elements as well as the pH, electrical conductivity and salinity were monitored during the winter and summer seasons of the years, 2016-2017 in 6 sites distributed throughout the year. The interpretation of the analysis data is carried out using the correlation of the major elements with the chlorides, the Piper diagram and the variation of the ionic ratios Na/Cl, SO4/Cl, Mg/Ca and the calculation of the saturation index. The saturation index is calculated by the software PHREEQC 2.8, used for modelling the state of saturation of minerals. The results of these analyzes revealed a variety of origins and processes of salinization of the waters. The hydro chemical study shows that the waters are brackish too salty; they are characterized by sodium chloride facies. This remarkable transition is mainly due to the intense evaporation that accentuates the mineralization. The values of the saturation index of the chemical minerals show the under saturation the anhydrite of the gypsum and the halite, on the other hand, the saturation or even supersaturation by the calcite and dolomite. The characteristic ratios of the chemical composition of waters show that salinity has two main origins: ion exchange between rock-water and marine influence by aerosols and sea spray.


Through the looking-glass: majority attitudes in minority perception and intention to vote AEL It is said that Moroccans turn away from Dutch society because of negative stereotyping among the native Dutch. In this contribution we focus on the perception among Moroccans of attitudes that the Dutch have towards them. Based on data from 213 relatively high educated Moroccans who visit the popular website 'maroc.nl', we show that this meta-image can be empirically distinguished from a negative attitude towards outgroups. Experienced socio-economic threat is a main predictor of a negative meta-image. Next, we show with an experiment that Moroccans with a negative meta-image have a stronger intention to vote for the Muslim political party AEL.


Three-year-old Agapanthus praecox ssp.orientalis 'Big Blue' was used as experimental sample to investigate the effects of different concentrations of PP333 on their scape development and growth,cell morphology and physiology.The results indicated that different concentrations of PP333 could effectively inhibit the scape elongation and cell growth,and the scape length decreased gradually with the treatment of PP333.The content of 400 mg/L had the best combined effects on dwarfing,and the lengths of scape was less 61.1% than CK.and there was a significantly positive correlation between scape length and the upper and lower parts of cells length with correlation coefficients 0.772 and 0.806,respectively.PP333 enhanced the soluble sugar,starch and soluble protein concentrations in scape.


85 ESB 2021 4 Mar 2021, 18:08:46 Page 1/2 Abstract #85 | Oral Piezoelectric materials for biomedical applications: From tissue engineering to cancer nanomedicine G. Ciofani 1 Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Smart Bio-Interfaces, Pontedera, Italy Electrical stimulation of cells and tissues is an important approach of interaction with living matter, which has been traditionally exploited in the clinical practice for a wide range of pathological conditions; standard methods of stimulation are, however, often invasive, being based on electrodes and wired connections. The possibility to achieve an indirect electrical stimulation, by means of piezoelectric materials, is therefore of outstanding interest for all the biomedical research, and it emerged in the latest decade as a most promising tool in many bioapplications [1]. The generation of small electric charges upon the application of mechanical stimuli to piezoelectric nanomaterials is a unique phenomenon in the context of remote stimulation of cells and tissues. Electrical cues are known to foster specific biological responses, and piezoelectric nanomaterials own the ability to act as real "nanotransducers", thus allowing obtaining "wireless" and remote electric stimulation thanks to non-invasive excitation through mechanical sources (usually ultrasound or vibrations). Piezoelectric nanomaterials are usually ceramic or polymeric, with piezoelectric nanoceramics typically showing higher piezoelectric features than polymers. Concerning piezoelectric polymers, poly(vinylidene difluoride) (PVDF) and its copolymers show the best piezoelectric features, and have been widely investigated to promote cell stimulation: some works of our group, as example, reported on PVDF-based nanocomposites for stimulation of neuronal [2] and bone [3] cells. Finally, it is worth to mention the potentialities of piezoelectric stimulation of cancer cells. It is in fact wellknown as low-intensity electric stimulation represents an alternative treatment able to affect cancer cells without the use of any drugs/chemicals, and to significantly enhance the effects of chemotherapy by reducing multidrug resistance. Recently, our group provided the first evidences of the efficacy of this antitumor approach mediated by piezoelectric barium titanate nanoparticles and ultrasound, respectively on breast cancer [4] and on glioblastoma multiforme [5] cells. Efforts are now focused on replacing inorganic and non-biodegradable ceramic materials with piezoelectric polymers (such as the aforementioned PVDF) exploitable in the clinical practice. Abstract #85 ESB 202185 ESB 2021 4 Mar 2021, 18:08:46 Page 2/2 Affix References [1]  A. Marino, G.G. Genchi, E. Sinibaldi, G. Ciofani, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2017, 9, 17663. [2] G.G. Genchi, L. Ceseracciu, A. Marino, M. Labardi, S. Marras, F. Pignatelli, L. Bruschini, V. Mattoli, G. Ciofani, Adv. Healthc. Mater. 2016, 5, 1808. [3] G.G. Genchi, E. Sinibaldi, L. Ceseracciu, M. Labardi, A. Marino, S. Marras, G. De Simoni, V. Mattoli, G. Ciofani, Nanomedicine NBM 2018, 14, 2421. [4] A. Marino, M. Battaglini, D. De Pasquale, A. Degl'Innocenti, G. Ciofani, Sci. Rep. 2018, 8, 6257. [5] A. Marino, E. Almici, S. Migliorin, C. Tapeinos, M. Battaglini, V. Cappello, M. Marchetti, G. de Vito, R. Cicchi, F.S. Pavone, G. Ciofani, J. Colloid. Interf. Sci. 2019, 538, 449.


By adopting the double optimal value method,the annual optimal amount of nitrogen fertilizer and the ratio of nitrogen fertilizer distributed among crops in the relay-planting system of "wheat/maize/soybean" were studied.The results showed that the annual optimal total amount of nitrogen fertilizer applied in this system was 342.8 kg/hm2 in the medium-yield cropland.The suitable distributive proportion of nitrogen fertilizer was 33.76∶35.71∶30.54 among the three crops,it indicated that the applying amounts were 115.73、122.41、104.69 kg/hm2 in the relay-planting system for wheat and maize and soybean respectively.


Prior to the separation of Rockall Plateau from Greenland in the early Tertiary, the Labrador Sea was the northern part of the Atlantic Ocean. An understanding of the tectonic development of the Labrador Sea tells, therefore, of the early history of the North Atlantic following the break away of northwestern Europe from the North American continent. In particular, the southern Labrador Sea between Greenland and Newfoundland provides the key to the change from a two plate situation to a three plate situation after the split between Rockall Plateau and Greenland 60 million years ago. During the last six years, geophysical data about the Labrador Sea have been collected both by airborne and ship surveys, and it is now possible to describe in some detail the major features of the bathymetry, the magnetic anomaly field, the sediment distribution and the crustal structure. Theories of the evolution of the Labrador Sea have been developed from these data and can now be further elaborated. The results of drilling at the three sites (111, 112 and 113) in the Labrador Sea, and the additional geophysical data taken on passage by Glomar Challenger have led to a re-interpretation of the area, and hence to a better understanding of the early development of the North Atlantic.


Polycrystalline, nanometer-sized powders of La1-xSrxMnO3with x=0.25 and 0.45 were prepared by a citrate gel technique and annealed at 600, 700, and 800degC in air for a period of 3 or 10 h. This synthesis technique resulted in the characteristics of the nanoparticles being highly reproducible from different, but identically prepared starting solutions. The average particle sizes as determined from the width of the (024) X-ray diffraction peak were found to be in the 11-15 nm range for the x=0.45 Sr concentration materials and in the 12-17 nm range for x=0.25 materials. For both concentrations, the average particle size increases roughly linear with annealing temperature while the effect of increasing annealing time (3 h versus 10 h) appeared to increase with the particle size, but not in a uniform way. Likewise, the saturated magnetizations at 300 K (7-26 emu/g) and transition temperatures (275-350 K) were found to increase linearly with the average particle diameter for each Sr concentration of nanoparticles


Mentoring programme that involves mentors and mentees is a creative approach to help mentees strengthen their learning and leadership skills, fostering their academic performance and inspiring them to develop their future careers. The aim of mentoring programme is basically to assist students in developing their learning environment to the maximum which can help to improve their academic performance. Therefore, the objective of this study is to evaluate the influence of mentoring programme on students' academic performance at a private university. It was a cross-sectional study involving 211 students. A self-administered questionnaire consisting of demographic details, general perceptions on mentoring programme, academic support, and mentor's characteristics was distributed. The data was analysed using the SPSS software. The results of the study showed that the respondents agreed that the mentoring programme has assisted students in fostering their academic performance. However, the study revealed that only mentee's perception and mentor's characteristics contributed to the prediction of the influence on students' academic performance. Therefore, the study concludes that mentee's perceptions and mentor's characteristics are the key successful factors of the mentoring programme in fostering students' academic performance.


THERE is in the United States an undercurrent of fear that, unless a sharp drop in defense spending is counteracted by a substantial increase in federal non-defense expenditures, the underconsumptionist problem of the thirties may once again plague us.2 This note examines the impact on effective demand of large-scale disarmament, on the assumption that the reduced government spending results in tax cuts rather than in increased federal spending, and argues that even in these unfavorable circumstances disarmament might increase ef-


Asymmetrically phenyl substituted polyesters are soluble even when terphenyl (1) or quinquephenyl (2) moieties are introduced in the main chain. The polymers were fractionated from 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane solutions with methanol. The fractions obtained were studied in detail by viscosimetry, light scattering, and size-exclusion chromatography (SEC). A conformational analysis in solution was performed by treating the intrinsic viscosities as a function of molecular weight. The results obtained gave a Kuhn length of 224 A for polyester 1 and 340 A for polyester 2. These results show that in dilute solutions the polyesters studied do not behave as perfect rigid rods. However, the persistence length values obtained here are considerably higher than those derived for substituted aromatic polyesters.


The author describes a go-back-N (GBN) protocol, which is a type of automatic repeat request (ARQ) technique. The protocol has a buffer and memory at the receiver side and offers low implementation complexity and a structure especially suited to mobile communications. The optimization of the protocol parameters is determined through numerical analysis. Performance is evaluated by computer simulation using a channel model suitable for mobile communications. The results show that the proposed ARQ scheme achieves a higher performance than that of other ARQ protocols and that at high error rates its efficiency compares favorably with selective repeat protocols having an infinite buffer. >


Background Proactively monitoring infliximab levels is an emerging area of interest in pediatric Crohn's disease. There are only limited data on therapeutic drug monitoring for children with Crohn's disease. The goal of our study was to determine the utility of therapeutic drug monitoring in achieving clinical remission in a cohort of pediatric Crohn's disease patients receiving infliximab. Methods This prospective single-center study enrolled 37 patients with Crohn's disease at the start of infliximab infusions and monitored trough levels at 6-month intervals for 18 months. Each participant was matched to a historic control for the modified pediatric Crohn's disease activity index (mPCDAI) at baseline, age and sex. The primary outcome was an mPCDAI score of ≤7.5 at 6, 12 and 18 months. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed. Results Data were available for all 37 cases at 6 and 12 months and for 34 cases at 18 months. Demographics and disease characteristics were similar between groups. All 34 cases demonstrated clinical remission at 18 months (100% vs. 88%, P=0.114). Univariate and multivariate analyses did not show statistical significance. Dose intensification was seen more often in the cases at 18 months. Conclusion All of our moderate-to-severe pediatric Crohn's disease patients who received prospective therapeutic drug monitoring of infliximab were in clinical remission at follow up, but this was not statistically significantly different from the 88% clinical remission rate of the control group.


In this paper, we consider a discrete population model and obtain a couple of criteria to guarantee our model being stable, including the global attractor, the extreme stability, and the periodicity. 2010 Mathematics Subject Classification: 39A30; 39A23


The aim was to quantify the effect of selective inhibition of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) on the radiation response of mouse oral mucosa to daily fractionated irradiation. Irradiation comprised graded single doses of 25 kV X-rays to the lower tongue surface or fractionated doses of 5 × 3 Gy week − 1 (200 kV X-rays) over 1 or 2 weeks, followed by graded local doses, to generate full dose – effect curves. For selective inhibition of EGFR, BIBX1382BS, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor, was administered orally at a dose of 50 mg kg − 1, for the entire overall treatment time. The ED50 (the dose expected to induce ulcer in 50% of the mice) for untreated mucosa was 11.9 ± 1.2 Gy. Fractionated irradiation administered over 1 or 2 weeks yielded ED50 values for the concluding test irradiation of 6.7 ± 2.1 and 6.5 ± 1.9 Gy, respectively. Administration of BIBX1382BS resulted in a non-significant increase of the top-up ED50 to 8.3 ± 1.6 Gy (p = 0.1197) after 1 week and to 7.6 ± 1.6 Gy (p = 0.2263) after 2 weeks. EGFR inhibition does not alter the radiation response of oral mucosa to fractionated irradiation or interfere with mucosal repopulation processes. This indicates that the regulation of mucosal repopulation is largely independent of EGFR activation.


Using the formalism of extended N = 4 supersymmetric quantum mechanics we consider the procedure of the construction of multi-well potentials. We demonstrate the form-invariance of Hamiltonians entering the supermultiplet, using the presented relation for integrals, which contain fundamental solutions. The possibility of partial N = 4 super- symmetry breaking is determined. We also obtain exact forms of multi-well potentials, both symmetric and asymmetric, using the Hamiltonian of harmonic oscillator as initial. The modification of the shape of potentials due to variation of parameters is also discussed, as well as application of the obtained results to the study of tunneling processes. We consider the case of exact, as well as partially broken N = 4 supersymmetry. The distinctive feature of obtained probability densities and potentials is a parametric freedom, which allows to substantially modify their shape. We obtain the expressions for probability densities under the generalization of the Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process.


A common call is for education in emerging as well as settled democracies to educate young and not so young learners to become responsible, participatory, and reflective citizens. These calls are based on the assumption that education can play a significant role in educating the youth for citizenship. In this manner education can contribute to the building of a united, peaceful, and democratic country. This paper begins by sketching in brief what education for democracy entails with reference to international and South African literature. The paper discusses several of the important policy documents and initiatives to instill this vision of education in a new democracy, namely in South Africa. Finally, it considers some of the challenges and potential advantages facing this country, with particular reference to the micro-interaction at the classroom level. (Contains 34 references.) (BT) Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. EDUCATION FOR DEMOCRACY; SOME CHALLENGES FACING EDUCATION IN SOUTH AFRICA Brenda Leibowitz Department of Education, South Africa email@example.com Paper prepared for International Conference: Emerging Democracies, Citizenship and Human Rights Education 18-21 June, The Netherlands


Whilst there is a general acceptance amongst Chinese analysts that the country's global power has really increased (and for very good reasons), how best to use this power to generate real change in the global order remains a subject of considerable debate. The nature of that international order itself is a key determinant of what China can do. On one level the rise of new powers is leading to a depolarised order with fluid and changing alliances that create possibilities for China to build partnerships for change. But on another level, the residual power of the US creates clear limits on what can be done. This creates a rather unique set of circumstances where a partially dissatisfied rising power has to try to find ways to responsibly change (but not fracture) the existing system as self-perceived No.2, with the No.1 rather reluctant to accept the No.2's agenda.


Direct anterior approach (DAA) is one of the best way to the hip joint for prevention of post-operative dislocation. We have applied this method as minimum invasive surgery (MIS) to more than two hundred developmental dysplastic hip of Japanese patients in total hip arthroplasty (THA) and there is no post-operative dislocation within three years of last observation carried forward (LOCF). The reason of this benefit is derived from the accuracy of cup positioning and keeping good muscle balance. But the learning curve is very important and some technical pitfalls are there in this approach. We have chosen thirty four patients that the duration of operating time more than one and half hours and loss of blood more than five hundred gram in hour series. The most important factors of the difficulties are the combinations of shortening of femoral neck, especially Perthes like deformity of developmental deformities of the hip joint (DDH) and widening of pelvic bone for the reason of insufficiency working spaces ...


This chapter will discuss how the relining of large diameter pipelines with glass reinforced plastic (GRP) pipe has been continually growing worldwide for the past 20 years. However, there are currently no standards or guidelines available for the structural design of liner pipers with significant deviations to circular shapes. The ATV-M127 Part 2 and the WRC Sewer Rehabilitation Manual (SRM) provide only hints and notes for coarse calculations of non-circular liner pipes, but no comprehensive structural design. In particular arch-profiles, kite-profiles or profiles with inverts can also be designed. A reliable approach for the structural design of these kinds of profiles is the finite element method.


Rodriguez AM. Evaluation of perillyl alcohol as potential antimalarial in Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium berghei. [Masters thesis (Parasitology)]. Sao Paulo: Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Universidade de Sao Paulo; 2015. Malaria kills over one million people a year worldwide, and is one of the most important infectious diseases and a major public health problem. Furthermore, the emergence of resistant strains to chemotherapeutic agents used, make it necessary to study new targets for treatments against this disease. In our laboratory we have demonstrated the biosynthesis of isoprenoidderived products in Plasmodium falciparum, by the 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol-4-phosphate (MEP) pathway. It is known that the substances that inhibit isoprenoid biosynthesis, among these terpenes, have antimalarial activity in vitro and in vivo. Considering this, we evaluate the antimalarial potential of PA (POH) in P. falciparum and P. berghei. Our results showed that the POH had inhibitory effect against the growth of strains 3D7 and K1 of P. falciparum in vitro, with an IC50 of 4.8 μM ± 0.5, and 10.41 ± 2.33 μM, respectively. Furthermore, the POH had no toxic effect on cell line Vero. Moreover, the POH proved that inhibited proteins farnesylation from 20 to 37 kDa of P.falciparum. By the other hand, in vivo experiments did not show efficacy on treatment against POH PbGFP in BALB/c mice. In contrast, the effectiveness of POH in the experimental cerebral malaria (MCE) was demonstrated in C57BL6 mice infected with PbGFP, indicating a reduction in the incidence rate of MCE in the group treated with POH, with 70% survival rate in the group treated POH compared with the 30% survival of untreated animals (P <0.05). In addition, the POH reduced inflammation in the brain of treated animals, since it had a significant reduction in leukocyte adhesion to cerebral vessels (P <0.001), as also the number of bleeding was lower compared to untreated animals (P<0.0001). Therefore, the results obtained in this work provide new alternatives to study the POH's mechanism of action as a terpene with great potential to treat MC.


This paper generalizes the traditional 2D seaworthiness analysis theory of air cushion vehicle(ACV) to 3D.The coupling of the changing air cushion pressure,heave response,pitch response and roll response was considered.A program was designed for calculating the unit frequency response of the ACV seaworthiness characteristics on Matlab.Using this program,the ACV seaworthiness with different weight,loading conditions and locations of fore-and-aft separate skirt was calculated.Then the location of the ACV gravity,initial trim angle,initial heeling angle and the location of fore and after separate skirt are the sensitive parameters of ACV seaworthiness.These parameters should be considered in the design to optimize the ACV integral performance.Meantime,considering the nonlinear responses of fan pressure and flow changing,the variation of ACV total weight and initial float condition maybe cause the rough changing of seaworthiness character,which would lead to an accident in ACV operation.so,typical loading condition and reasonable weight variation of ACV should be checked with fan determination to avoid design defect.And in operation,the design standard should be exactly executed to assure the safety.


A study was undertaken to determine the protein metabolism and nitrogen balance in moderately burned patients (30-60% TBSA) and to find the efficacy of various food supplementations in recovering the nitrogen balance. The total protein and albumin, the markers of protein status were seen to improve in patients throughout the four weeks of follow up after protein supplementation. At admission, these components were found to be lower than the reference levels. The protein content of the supplements was determined by a chemical method. Total nitrogen excretion per day was established by the values of various non-protein parameters like urea, uric acid, creatinine and amino acid nitrogen. The nitrogen output showed a considerable decline in the passing weeks, which correlated with an increase in dietary protein supplementation. There was also an improvement in the nitrogen balance which showed a shift from the negative towards a positive value by a constant infusion of high protein supplements.


Thing. The significance of the study is associated with high prevalence of inflammatory diseases of paradontium and a variety of medications used for systemic treatment of the said pathology. Searching effective approaches aiming to achieve a required and adequate therapeutic effect excluding complications from unwanted effects and toxic side effects of systemic medications assumes the priority application of local delivery systems.
Objective ― to study available literature data on local drug delivery systems as film forming transmucoid therapeutic systems in periodontology.
Methodology. The study was based on searching and examination of scientific publications on film forming transmucoid therapeutic systems in databases of PubMed, eLIBRARY, Scopus, Web of Sciens, Medline. The materials were searched by the key words.
Results. The review presents research data of different authors, explains the definition of transmucoid therapeutic systems, offers main classifications, describes methods of manufacture of polymer film systems and their characteristics, gives some variants of matrix membrane transport and the most popular representatives of the basement membrane.
Conclusions. Studying literature helped to identify the diversity of the range, characteristics and advantages of applying transmucoid therapeutic systems used to treat inflammatory diseases of paradontium. Further detailed polymer researches focused to maintain chemical stability, specifics of diffusion, metabolism, solubility and dose-limiting toxicity are intended to increase safety and efficacy of applied local polymeric film delivery systems.


The goal of this study is to develop a self-assembly synthetic strategy for the preparation of coordination polymers using isoindoline-based ligands, 1,3-dioxo-2-(3-pyridinylmethyl)-5-isoindolinecarboxylic acid (HIn3Mepy) and 1,3-dioxo-2-(4-pyridinylmethyl)-5-isoindolinecarboxylic acid (HIn4Mepy). Several coordination complexes, [Cu(In3Mepy)2(H2O)0.5] (1), [Co2Cl2(In3Mepy)2 (HIn3Mepy)2] (2), [Zn2Cl2(In3Mepy)2(HIn3Mepy)2] (3), [Cd2Cl2(In3Mepy)2] (4), [Co2(In3Mepy)4(MeOH)2] (5), [Mn(In3Mepy)2(MeOH)] (6), [Co(In4Mepy)2(H2O)2] (7), and [Co(In4Mepy)2(H2O)2] (8) were successfully synthesized. Complex 1 adopts a 2-D brickwall structure; complexs 2 and 3 adopt a discrete armed macrocycle structure, which expands into a 3-D supramolecular net through the connections of hydrogen bonds; complex 4 adopts a 2-D achiral meso-layer structure; complexes 5 and 6 adopt a 2-D brickwall structure; complex 7 adopts a 1-D ribbon chain structure; and complex 8 adopts a 2-D (4,4)-layer structure. Compexes 7 and 8 are supramolecular isomers. Based on the control of pH and temperature, complexes 7 and 8 can be prepared in different ratios, resulting that complex 8 is the major product while complex 7 is the minor product.


This study classified chaotic time series data, including smooth and nonsmooth problems in a dynamic system, using a convolutional neural network (CNN) and verified it through the Lyapunov exponent. For this, the classical nonlinear differential equation by the Lorenz model was used to analyze a smooth dynamic system. The vibro-impact model was used for the nonsmooth dynamic system. Recurrence is a fundamental property of a dynamic system, and a recurrence plot is a representative method to visualize the recurrence characteristics of reconstructed phase space. Therefore, this study calculated the Lyapunov exponent by parametric analysis and visualized the corresponding recurrence matrix to show the dynamic characteristics as an image. In addition, the dynamic characteristics were classified using the proposed CNN model. The proposed CNN model determined chaos with an accuracy of more than 92%.


The term peacekeeping is not included in the United Nations (UN) charter. The UN defines peacekeeping as 'an operation involving military personnel, but without enforcement powers, established by the United Nations to help maintain or restore international peace and security in areas of conflict' (White 1997). During the Cold War period, peacekeeping was mainly confined to Middle East, parts of Africa and other regional conflicts, which were mainly associated with de-colonisation. The major limitations are created when the states decline to offer forces for the peacekeeping operations, as is evident in the case of recent peacekeeping operations in Africa. The UN peacekeeping underwent a great expansion along with new mandates in the early part of 1990s. This resulted in a huge increase in the requirement of peacekeepers along with a rising budget and this led to a huge gap in terms of commitment and capability needed and what was provided. Greater number of resources including peacekeeping troops were required than what was actually made available. The two most egregious failures occurred in Srebrenica, Bosnia–Herzegovina, and in Rwanda. These failures have resulted in UN taking up several new measures in order to improve the peacekeeping operations. This article tries to highlight the impending governance issues of UN along with the adopted solutions to solve the issues. It also tries to highlight South Asia's and India's stance with respect to the UN peacekeeping operations and tries to argue that South Asian Nations should rethink its policy with respect to UN peacekeeping and adopt a smarter and more strategic approach towards its future engagement.


Objective To explore the expression of interleukin(IL)-10,-17,forkhead/winged helix transcription factor(Foxp3)and retinoid-related orphan receptors(ROR)-γt in endometrial carcinoma and their relationships with tumor progression.Methods From December 2012to February 2013,a total of 16 samples of endometrial carcinoma tissues and 6samples of benign uterine lesions tissues were selected,they were divided into endometrial carcinoma group(n=16)and control group(n=6).Expression levels of IL-10,Foxp3,IL-17 and ROR-γt detected by streptavidin-biotin complex immunohistochemistry(SABC-IHC)assay in two groups,integrated option density(IOD)value were calculated by IPP 6.0 software,clinic-pathological characteristics were retrieved to make analysis,data analysis was completed by means of student test or variance analysis with SPSS 17.0software.The study protocol was approved by the Ethical Review Board of Investigation in Human Being of West China Second University Hospital,Sichuan University.Informed consent was obtained from all participants.Results Expression IOD value of IL-10,Foxp3in endometrial carcinoma group were higher than those in control group,there had significance difference between two groups(P0.05);In endometrial carcinoma group,IOD value of IL-10,17,Foxp3 and ROR-γt ofⅠB stage,G2-G3,with myoinvasion,with vas tumor emboli were higher than those ofⅠA stage,G1,without myoinvasion,and without vas tumor emboli,there had significance difference(P 0.05).IOD value of IL-17and ROR-γt had no significance differences between two groups(P0.05),nor among clinic-pathological characteristics(P0.05).Conclusions High expression of IL-10and Foxp3,not IL-17and ROR-γt,may participate in the genesis as well as the development of uterine endometrial cancer.


The helminth Schistosoma mansoni (S. mansoni) induces a network of regulatory immune cells, including interleukin (IL)‐10‐producing regulatory B cells (Bregs). However, the signals required for the development and activation of Bregs are not well characterized. Recent reports suggest that helminths induce type I interferons (IFN‐I), and that IFN‐I drive the development of Bregs in humans. We therefore assessed the role of IFN‐I in the induction of Bregs by S. mansoni. Mice chronically infected with S. mansoni or i.v. injected with S. mansoni soluble egg antigen (SEA) developed a systemic IFN‐I signature. Recombinant IFN‐α enhanced IL‐10 production by Bregs stimulated with S. mansoni SEA in vitro, while not activating Bregs by itself. IFN‐I signaling also supported ex vivo IL‐10 production by SEA‐primed Bregs but was dispensable for activation of S. mansoni egg‐induced Bregs in vivo. These data indicate that although IFN‐I can serve as a coactivator for Breg IL‐10 production, they are unlikely to participate in the development of Bregs in response to S. mansoni eggs.


In our Monte Carlo study, we apply our fixed grid estimators to a capital replacement model in the spirit of Rust (1987). A dynamic program must be solved for each grid point or simulation draw, so working with a dynamic program showcases our method's advantage of requiring computation of choice probabilities only before optimization commences. We vary the number of grid points, the sample sizes and the true distributions of the random coefficients. We compare the least squares and likelihood criteria on a fixed grid (fixed grid estimators) with an alternative likelihood criterion on a flexible grid (flexible grid estimator). For the fixed grid, we optimize over only weights. For the flexible grid, we optimize over both the grid points and the weights, using a much smaller number of weights because of the computational challenges of both optimization and the need to solve the dynamic program many times. The two likelihood estimators are maximized using the EM algorithm. Our results suggest that the two fixed grid estimators are much faster than the flexible grid estimator at the cost of some statistical accuracy.


Objective To explore the fluctuation of plasma D-dimer and its clinical significance in acute cerebral infarction.Methods 30 healthy people(control group) and 46 patients with acute cerebral infarction(cerebral infarction group,on day 1,7 and 14 after admission) were enrolled in the investigation.Immunoturbidimetry was applied to measuring plasma D-dimer.The correlation of plasma D-dimer with infarction area and neurologic impairment degree was analyzed.Results The content of plasma D-dimer was much higher in cerebral infarction group than that of control group(P0.01).Compared with that of small area infarction group and mild neurologic impairment group,the content of plasma D-dimer was much higher in large and moderate area infarction group as well as severe neurologic impairment group(P0.01).Conclusion The level of plasma D-dimer can be used as the objective index of evaluating the state of acute cerebral infarction.


A chronic brain disease characterized by repeated spontaneous seizures (paroxysms) that occur as a result of excessive neural discharges. Clinically, epilepsy is manifested by convulsions and changes in consciousness (up to its loss) Epilepsy can be either an independent disease or a symptom of another pathology. According to the WHO, approximately every 4-10 people out of 1000 suffer from active epilepsy worldwide — this is one of the most common neurological diseases. Epilepsy has been known to mankind for a long time — the first known mention of epilepsy came to us from 500-700 BC.


New and advanced reactors will use integrated digital instrumentation and control (I&C) systems to support operators in their monitoring and control functions. Even though digital systems are typically highly reliable, their potential for degradation or failure could significantly affect operator situation awareness and performance and, consequently, impact plant safety. The U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission has initiated a research project to investigate the effects of degraded I&C systems on human performance and plant operations. The ultimate objective of this project is to develop the technical basis for human factors review guidance for conditions of degraded I&C, including complete failure. Based on the results of this effort, NRC will determine the need for developing new guidance or revising NUREG-0800, NUREG-0711, NUREG-0700 and other pertinent NRC review guidance. This paper reports on the first phase of the research, the development of a framework for linking degraded I&C system conditions to human performance. The framework consists of three levels: I&C subsystems, human-system interfaces, and human performance. Each level is composed of a number of discrete elements. This paper will describe the elements at each level and their integration. In the next phase of the research, the framework will be used to systematically investigate themore » human performance consequences of various classes of failures.« less


Research investigating the link between housing and health often produces mixed results. It does not always prove that good housing improves health. The results suggest a complex set of factors play a role, and the findings are sometimes contradictory. Two ways of addressing these concerns are longitudinal research, where the relationship between housing and health is measured in the short and medium terms, and a focus on children. We use the children's housing and health data from the five waves of the National Income and Distribution Survey (NIDS) survey in South Africa, 2008 to 2017. We investigate the effect that continued living in informal housing over the five waves has had on these children's health. Our results show a statistically significant relationship between prolonged residence in poor housing and poor health outcomes for some health indicators. The results call for a closer understanding of health issues in housing policy in South Africa.


Low molecular weight semicrystalline homopolymers are used as a model system for temperature rising elution fractionation (TREF) analysis. An already proposed thermodynamic model for TREF analysis is used to characterize TREF fractions from low molecular weight polyethylenes Mn = 500 to 3000 and some of their mixtures. In this molecular weight range it is possible, under appropriate crystallization, conditions, to form extended-chain crystals, and therefore lamellar thicknesses become comparable to extended-chain lengths. Lamellar thicknesses calculated from TREF spectra permit calculations of the molecular weights of the fractions, up to a limit of about 142 CH2, where partially folded-chain crystallites appear under these operating conditions. Also homopolymers blends are fractionated and the TREF spectra analyzed to test model predictions. It is shown that appearance of chain folding may set a resolution limit to the analysis of commercial copolymers by TREF. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.


Compared with the amount of interest Launch Aid has generated over the years, disproportionately little factual data has informed public policy debate. Information entering the public domain has arrived in piecemeal fashion, resulting in considerable disparities between sources. While Launch Aid has figured prominently in post-war UK civil aerospace policy to date, the impending decisions over how to fund the Airbus Industrie A3XX super jumbo programme and more generally over how to respond to the US industry have once again returned Launch Aid to a position of particular relevance, importance and topicality. This paper aims to provide a systematic, consistent and independent account of UK Launch Aid experience drawing on all publicly available information. Emphasis is placed on a) the historical, legal and institutional development of UK Launch Aid policy, as well as on b) the accompanying factual questions relating to actual sums disbursed and repaid. The result is a considerable improvement over existing sources in terms of completeness and consistency, serving additionally to identify remaining areas requiring further investigation.


A Free Space Optical(FSO) cooperative communications technology based on photon counting is proposed.The network-coding relay cooperative mechanism and photon counting technology are used to achieve the enhancement of anti-fading ability under the precondition of good system performance.And Interleaver Division Multiple Access(IDMA) is adopted as multiple access method to reduce the complexity of system.The simulation results show that this system can provide good transmission performance and the relay cooperative mechanism can bring considerable spatial diversity gain in the fading channel.


We have used the hypothalamo-pituitary disconnected (HPD) sheep model to investigate direct pituitary actions of cortisol to suppress LH secretion in response to exogenous GnRH. We previously observed that, during the non-breeding season, treatment with cortisol did not suppress the LH response to GnRH in HPD gonadectomised rams or ewes.1 In the present experiment, we tested the effect of cortisol on the LH response to exogenous GnRH in gonadectomised HPD sheep during the breeding season. Using a cross-over design, HPD gonadectomised Romney Marsh rams (n = 6) and ewes (n = 5) received a saline or cortisol (250 μg/kg/h) infusion for 30 h on each of two days, one week apart. All animals were treated with 125 ng i.v. injections of GnRH every 2 h during a 6 h control period preceding the infusion and during the infusion. Jugular blood samples were taken during the control period and the first 6 h and last 6 h of the infusion (over 3 LH pulses). Mean plasma concentrations of LH and LH pulse amplitudes, driven by programmed GnRH injections, were similar in gonadectomised rams and ewes and there were no significant effects of saline infusion between the control periods or the saline infusion in either sex. The amplitude of LH pulses was significantly (P


We report a room-temperature, low output impedance, broad intermediate-frequency (IF) bandwidth field-effect terahertz detector based on an AlGaN/GaN high-electron-mobility transistor (HEMT) integrated in a metal waveguide. The waveguide detector equips a pair of quasi-Yagi antenna probes that are used to couple the terahertz energy to the HEMT channel. The gate is configured as an asymmetric edge-coupled coplanar waveguide transmission line. This terahertz electric field is asymmetrically distributed in the channel along the edges of the transmission lines. The responsivity and noise for direct and heterodyne detections are characterized and analyzed at different local oscillator (LO) powers. The noise-equivalent power in direct detection is below 189 pW/[Formula: see text]. Operated in a heterodyne mode with a LO power of −3 dBm, the detector offers a conversion loss less than 55 dB in a frequency band of 320–340 GHz. The channel in a form of transmission line performs the broad IF bandwidth, which is increased to gigahertz range (3 GHz), and reduces the output impedance to 377 Ω which is about 20 times lower than previously reported. The transmission-line impedance could be optimized together with the distribution of the terahertz electric field in the gated channel to reduce the conversion loss.


In 1927,in the Communist International as well as in this organization,the special role's association,without doubt,played the influential role in this advancement.Especially after the national revolutionizes the branch,the childhood Communist Party of China has been,in intensely the turbulent environment,in the success or under the mature political power construction experience's premise,the Communist International the instruction and the help to impel Chinese Soviet movement starting,also to provid for the Chinese characteristic's red political power.But finally the victory of China revolutions benefits in Chinese Communists' localilzation practices.


Significance Influenza virus is an important human pathogen. The circulating strains of influenza virus are constantly mutating and are acquiring resistance to all approved drugs. Therefore, development of influenza therapeutics against novel targets is urgently required. The hemagglutinin envelope glycoprotein (HA) is a promising target for small-molecule design. However, Arbidol is the only available antiviral drug that targets the HA. The absence of structural information on drug–HA complexes has hindered further therapeutic development efforts against this viral pathogen. Here, we report crystal structures of Arbidol in complex with influenza HAs. This structural information advances our understanding of how small molecules, such as Arbidol, can function as influenza fusion inhibitors and can be used for development of broad-spectrum, small-molecule therapeutics. The broad-spectrum antiviral drug Arbidol shows efficacy against influenza viruses by targeting the hemagglutinin (HA) fusion machinery. However, the structural basis of the mechanism underlying fusion inhibition by Arbidol has remained obscure, thereby hindering its further development as a specific and optimized influenza therapeutic. We determined crystal structures of Arbidol in complex with influenza virus HA from pandemic 1968 H3N2 and recent 2013 H7N9 viruses. Arbidol binds in a hydrophobic cavity in the HA trimer stem at the interface between two protomers. This cavity is distal to the conserved epitope targeted by broadly neutralizing stem antibodies and is ∼16 Å from the fusion peptide. Arbidol primarily makes hydrophobic interactions with the binding site but also induces some conformational rearrangements to form a network of inter- and intraprotomer salt bridges. By functioning as molecular glue, Arbidol stabilizes the prefusion conformation of HA that inhibits the large conformational rearrangements associated with membrane fusion in the low pH of the endosome. This unique binding mode compared with the small-molecule inhibitors of other class I fusion proteins enhances our understanding of how small molecules can function as fusion inhibitors and guides the development of broad-spectrum therapeutics against influenza virus.


The $\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{\mathrm{n}}$ solitons (i.e., the $\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{\mathrm{n}}$ domain walls) in the presence of both magnetic field $\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{\mathrm{H}}$ and superflow ${\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{\mathrm{v}}}_{s}$ with ${\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{\mathrm{v}}}_{s}\ensuremath{\perp}\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{\mathrm{H}}$ are studied theoretically. In the high-field limit (e.g., kOe) and for ${v}_{s}g~{v}_{0}$(\ensuremath{\sim}0.1cm/sec), there appear three distinct types of $\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{\mathrm{n}}$ solitons. The spatial conformations as well as the domain-wall energies of these $\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{\mathrm{n}}$ solitons are calculated. These $\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{\mathrm{n}}$ solitons give rise to a series of satellite magnetic resonances. These resonance frequencies are determined theoretically.


In vivo studies of neural discharge activity following sleep deprivation(SD) can help us fully understand the effects of sleep deprivation at the cellular level. The MEA was fabricated using MEMS technology to measured the electrophysiological activity in rat cortex before and after SD. The experiments showed that after SD, the average amplitude of the spike increased by 32.1% from 106.6 μV to 140.8 μV. The average firing rate increased by 186.2% from 2.2 Hz to 6.2 Hz. The power of LFPs in all frequency band under 50 Hz increased after SD. The results indicated that the sleep deprivation had excitatory effects on the neurons and may further undermine the certain function of the brain, such as the ability of cognition and memory.


Accurate identification of small-spored Altemaria spp. is challenging because of morphological plasticity under non-standard conditions and the common misapplication of the name A. alternata to a variety of morphologically distinct taxa. A system used by some authors of naming phytotoxigenic alternarias as pathotypes of A. alternata has further clouded the meaning and usefulness of this specific epithet. Two hundred and sixty isolates of small-spored Alternaria , primarily from fruit substrates, were segregated into morphological groups and then subjected to RAPD-PCR analysis using total genomic DNA and three different primers. When cultured under defined conditions, the pattern of sporulation observed at 50 × magnification was predictive of genetic relatedhess as determined by cluster analysis of RAPD fragment patterns. In RAPD analyses, morphological groups or species were resolved as distinct branches of the dendrogram: Alternaria gaisen (= A. kikuchiana, A. alternata Japanese pear pathotype, group 2), A. longipes (= A. alternata tobacco pathotype, group 5), the ' tenuissima ' group (group 5), the arborescens group (group 3) and the ' infectoria group (group 6). Isolates in groups for which there were only a few representatives clustered as a branch. Analysis of RAPD fragment patterns confirmed that when Altemaria isolates are cultured and observed under defined conditions, their phenotypic plasticity is minimized and valid taxonomic separations can be made upon morphological characteristics. We conclude that A. alternata, A. gaisen, A. longipes and other small-spored saprotrophic or perthotrophic taxa are recognizable as morphologically distinct taxa. We suggest that the 'pathotype' system of naming small-spored Altemaria taxa confers no predictive value relative to observable morphological and genetic characters, and should be abandoned.


Like other teaching, medical education aims to bring about planned alteration in students. Medical students are provided with a complex learning experience to fit each student who completes the training for the professional status of doctor. To get this qualification students learn the scientific methods on which contemporary practice is based, the technical skills needed to examine and treat patients, and the attitudes considered necessary to carry out a doctor's responsibilities to the sick and his obligations to his profession and the community. This professional education is not a standard procedure, measurable differences being found in students taught in differing types of medical school.' In the last decade intensive studies have been made of medical schools,2 ' and much has become known about medical students in general. A problem in research has been the finding that medical students, highly selected both by themselves and by their teachers, form a relatively homogeneous group. They become still more uniform during the professionalization process. Evaluation methods which discriminate sufficiently between individual medical students have proved difficult to devise.' Applicants to medical schools are selected mainly on intellectual criteria, as reflected in the results of school-leaving examinations. The schoolchildren applying for entry to medical school are by no means the most able ones.> Medical teachers are disquieted by the uncertainties in selecting from among the applicants. They may turn away potentially good students, and among those they select much wastage occurs; some students pass years in study before they withdraw. Among students entering medical school in five consecutive years at Edinburgh, 20% left before completing their studies; half of these students spent an average of 3.5 years in the medical school before being rejected. Failure to meet the demands of a university training may be the result of temperamental as well as narrowly intellectual factors. Students entering an eastern U.S. university were studied by means of psychological tests to discriminate individuals with specific clusters of personality traits. A significantly greater number of students in the S-group (" stereopaths " who were rigid in personality with fixed attitudes) withdrew from university; students in the N-group (" non-stereopaths " who were not conforming in their attitudes and showed flexibility of behaviour) rarely withdrew.6 Adequate methods have yet to be developed to assess students for the personality traits which would predict their fitness to undertake a course of study and their capacity to carry it through. During the medical training itself the chief grading procedure adopted is the use of periodic examinations. Medical


We propose and demonstrate experimentally an alternative approach for realizing subwavelength photonic structures, exploiting the waveguiding properties of chains of high-index dielectric disks with both electric and magnetic dipole resonances. We reveal that the electromagnetic energy can be efficiently guided through sharp corners by means of the mode polarization conversion at waveguide bends. We confirm experimentally the guidance through a 90° bend in the microwave frequency range.


The hydrochemical data in Gansu province are analyzed before Minxian-Zhuoni Ms5.2 earthquake on Nov.13,2003 and Ms5.0 earthquake on Sep.7,2004,and the result shows that the water radon data in Lixian,Xihe,Wushan No.1 spring,Qingshui warm spring and the gases data in Wushan are abnormal before the earthquakes.


Microbial fuel cell (MFC) has been discovered and utilized in laboratory scale for electricity production based on microbial degradation of organic compound. However, various source of fuel has been tested and recently complex biomass such as lignocellulose biomass has been focused on. In the present research, oil palm tree empty fruit bunch (EFB) has been tested for power production using dual chamber MFC and power generation analysis has been conducted to address the performance of MFC. In addition, two microorganisms (electric harvesting microbe and cellulose degrading microbe) were used in the MFC operation. The analysis include voltage produced, calculated current and power. The first section in your paper


Poyang Lake, Dongting Lake, and Taihu Lake are the largest freshwater lakes in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, China. In recent years, the eutrophication level of lakes has increased with the development of the social economy and caused many environmental and social problems. The concentrations of total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) are the key indicators of the degree of eutrophication, but the traditional ground monitoring methods are not capable of capturing such parameters in whole lakes with high spatial-temporal resolution. In this paper, empirical models are established and evaluated between the TN and TP and remote sensing spectral factors in the three lakes using Landsat 8 Operational Land Imager (OLI) satellite data and in-situ data. The results show that the inversion accuracy is higher than 75%. The TN and TP concentrations in the three lakes are inversed based on the Google Earth Engine (GEE) platform from 2014 to 2020 and their spatial-temporal variations are analyzed. The results show that the concentrations of TN and TP in Poyang Lake were decreased by 5.99% and 7.13% over 7 years, respectively, and the TN in Dongting Lake was decreased by 5.25% while the TP remained stable. The temporal changes in TN and TP concentrations displayed seasonal variations. A low concentration was observed in summer and high concentrations were in spring and winter. The average concentrations of TN and TP in Taihu Lake were higher than that of the other two lakes. The TP concentration was increased by 17.3% over 7 years, while the TN concentration remained almost stable. The variation in TN in Taihu Lake was the same as the growth cycle of algae, with higher value in spring and winter and lower value in summer, while the concentration of TP was lower in spring and winter and higher in summer. The spatial distribution of TN and TP concentrations in the three major lakes was significantly affected by human activities, and the concentrations of TN and TP were higher in areas near cities and agricultural activities.


Written by the author of "The Broken Body", this book offers an introduction to the Jesus of the Gospels based on study and on the author's experience of living and working with the poor and weak of the world. This meditation takes the reader through Jesus's time, his painful mission to reveal the kingdom of love, his compassion, and the various people who were attracted to him and disturbed by him.;The meditation concludes with the mystery of the good news hidden in the poor and weak, and a reflection on the glory of the risen Christ and the wedding feast of the Lamb to which all are invited.


Why study client therapy experiences? Examination of client experiences is central to advancing theoretical understandings of mediational processes in therapy (i.e., how therapeutic processes get translated into postsession and posttreatment change); this, in turn, has implications for predicting outcome. Furthermore, understanding the potential range and forms of client experience is an important component of therapeutic skill and can be assumed to lead to greater understanding of particular clients and to more effective interventions. Specifically, knowledge about key overlooked aspects of client in-session experience (especially regarding covert processes such as hidden dissatisfaction or conscious avoidance) can be used to help therapists work more effectively with their clients.


In this study,Staphylococcus aureus was isolated and identified from 505 food samples(including raw milk,raw meat,fruits,vegetables,aquatic products,frozen foods and soybean products) collected in Shanghai according to GB4789.10—2010.In addition,PCR was performed for further confirmation.Staphylococcus aureus was detected in 117 food samples,with a total detection rate of 23.2%.The highest detection rate(32.9%) of Staphylococcus aureus in raw meat was found followed by frozen foods(26.7%) and raw milk(26.3%).In addition,the detection rates of Staphylococcus aureus in fruits and vegetables,aquatic products and soy products were lower than 16%.These results revealed the basic distribution status of Staphylococcus aureus in some types of foods in Shanghai,which may provide clues for monitoring Staphylococcus aureus in food processing,controlling food poisoning and tracing pollution sources.


The pump sump influences the efficiency and safe operation of a pump station and the free water surface of the sump is closely related to the formation of vortices and flow cavitaion.In this paper,the effects of different inlet designs on the free surface are investigated by use of a 2D PIV system.The variation of free surface elevation obtained by using the image processing technology shows the influence of different inlet design on the flow behavior in the pump sump.The results are compared with the simulations based on a VOF two-phase model,which shows a difference of free surface elevation except for a similar trend of surface drop caused by the inlet contraction.


The mass spectral retro Diels-Alder-reaction: 1,2,3,4-tetrahydrocarbazole

1,2,3,4-Tetrahydrocarbazole undergoes a retro Diels-Alder-reaction under electron impact. C(2) and C(3) are eliminated as ethylene. This is shown by measuring the deuterated derivatives 1a, 1b and 1c. Furthermore the oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydrocarbazole derivatives 3 and 4 are investigated in respect to the mass spectral retro Diels-Alder reaction too.


Abstract Recent results are reported on the maximum achievable H-mode density and the behavior of pedestal density and central density peaking as this limit is approached. The maximum achievable H-mode density roughly scales as the Greenwald density, though a dependence on Bt is clearly observed. In contrast to the stiff temperature profiles, the density profiles seem to allow more shape variation and especially with high-field-side pellet-injection, strongly peaked profiles with good confinement have been achieved. Also, spontaneous density peaking at high densities is observed in ASDEX Upgrade, which is related to the generally observed large time constants for the density profile equilibration. The equilibrated density profile shapes depend strongly on the heat-flux profile in the sense that central heating leads to significantly flatter profiles.


We propose a new direct anodic electrodeposition process for carbon coatings that is possible at room temperature in ionic liquid (IL) with phenylsilane derivatives, which include dimethylphenylsil...


The method includes the steps of generating a detonation signal related to the intensity of the vibration on an engine block; wide-band filtering the detonation signal; rectifying the filtered detonation signal; integrating the rectified signal; calculating the logarithm of the integration result; calculating a mean value as a function of the calculated logarithm; calculating the values of a first and second standard-deviation-related quantity as a function of the logarithm value and the mean value; and calculating a detonation coefficient value as a function of the values of the standard-deviation-related quantities


This editorial seeks to provide guidance to prospective OPR&D authors with respect to submissions involving continuous processing. Industrially relevant flow drivers are emphasized, along with incr...


Global free movement of capital, an expression and a means of the triumph of economic liberalism as the prevailing way of thinking was shown bluntly during the negotiation of multilateral agreement on investment protection (AMI). A circumventing strategy was set up through the construction of a network of bilateral agreements (ABI). The article provides an analysis of marked shifts in meaning such agreements entail. Under the pretext of technical agreements, global free market Trojan horses are making much headway.


Meredith Anne Skura introduces her delightful book Shakespeare the Actor and the Purposes of Playing with a well-chosen anecdote that sets the tone of her analysis. In preparing for a one-man performance of Shakespeare's sonnets, British actor Simon Callow claims to have reached a turning point when he discovered that Shakespeare "in the root of his being . . . was an actor" (1). Skura wants to know what made Callow hear an actor speaking in the sonnets, and "what might it have meant to Shakespeare, born four hundred years before Callow, to be an actor?" (1) Callow's intuitive discovery of Shakespeare the actor carries some authority in Skura's view, for she argues that "the way to begin understanding what it is to be an actor is to listen to actors themselves" (9). Following this premise, Skura devotes her first chapter to twentiethcentury accounts of actors' experiences in performance. They, unlike Elizabethan actors, have left highly articulate records of their psychological and emotional states of being. The modern actor reveals himself to be a narcissist whose fantasies about childhood and humiliations before a fickle audience shape his or her identity.


Although Asia is a seemingly far off continent in which their farming industry has little relevance to the U.S., the issues they are tackling can hit close to home quite quickly. Zoonotic outbreaks of SARS and H1N1 were the beginnings of global epidemics that proved that the way in which livestock and animals are handled is much more important to human health than we thought. The animal welfare and management in the countries of China, Hong Kong, Korea, and Vietnam continue to fall short of Western standards and with global trade markets and travel becoming more and more commonplace, action must be taken immediately to prevent another global disease scare. Housing in close quarters, cruel living conditions and inhumane culling practices are only some of the issues that are currently being brought to light in the Asian porcine industry. By the use of animal welfare groups in these countries, a community action project can be undertaken to establish an official farm animal welfare organization to educate the public on meat originations and health risks and diseases associated with improper meat handling.


Twelve years into transition process, Serbia doesn't have consistent, if any, let alone coherent economic development policy. This review is therefore aimed at Serbian (and alike transition countries') policy-makers and stake-holders in an effort to distill the ever-green lessons available (thus far pretty much ignored) to be drawn from the relevant body of theoretical and empirical literature on development economics synthesized since the lifting of the "Iron Curtain". Starting with boomerang effect of benignly neglected development in favour of mirage-growth, article tackles heretical third path paradigm, empirically (un)confirmed growth determinants, hush-hush impact of inherited time- and scale dependence of potential growth, (i)relevance of human development index, state vs. market correction, trade liberalisation and openness fables, as well as some monetary symptoms of underdevelopment. The sole purpose of this policy paper is one last attempt to debunk a knot of development myths and misconceptions still firmly entrenched in Serbian professional discourse, its policy-makers and regime's academicians alike.


Glei, Reinhold F., Nicola Kaminski, Franz Lebsanft, eds. Boethius Christianus?: Transformationen der "Consolatio Philosophiae" in Mittelalter und Fruher Neuzeit. Berlin: De Gruyter, 2010. Pp. viii; 435.Boethius Christianus I 'brings together articles presented variously in English, French, German, or Italian that treat the medieval and early modern reception of Boethius and the De consolatone phibsophiae. Some knowledge of Latin, Catalan, and Hebrew also is required in some of the articles. The volume targets a very erudite rather than a general readership, but the editors have prefaced each article by providing a brief summary in English. The collection, although linguistically diverse, is mainly coherent throughout its content, and it constitutes a research tool that will be welcome on the shelves of academic libraries wherever Boethian scholars conduct their research.The focus of the book, as the full tide suggests, is upon the assessment of Boediius and his Consolatio in dieir medieval and early modern reception as either Christian or pagan. The editors state at the beginning of their collection: "In der Forschung ist die Frage nach dem Christentum des Boethius viel und letzlich ohne greifbares Ergebnis diskutiert worden" [In the research, the question of Boethius's Christianity has been much discussed, but in the end without any tangible result" (my translation, here and throughout)] (2). They also note: "Das erste Paradoxon in der Rezeptionsgeschichte des Boethius liegt [. . .] darin, dass die nichtchristliche Trostschrift christlich vereinnahmt und dadurch uberhaupt erst ins Mittelalter tradiert wurde: Alkuin initiierte bekanndich eine dezidierte interpretatio Christiana des Boethius, worin man einen fast subversiven Rezeptionsansatz sehen konnte" [The first paradox in the history of Boethius reception lies (...) in the fact that the non-Christian consolation text was accepted as Christian and received thus into the Middle Ages: Alcuin, as generally is known, initiated a decidedly interpretato Christiana of Boethius, in which one might see an almost subversive turn in the reception] (3).As the use of the word subversive suggests in the quotation above, the editors and authors of the entries read the Consolatio as "un-, wenn nicht gar fur antichristlich" [un-, if not as completely anti-Christian] (3), which is the opinion generally held among scholars today. The view was otherwise during the medieval and early modern periods. What Glynnis Cropp observes, and states so well, about the French reception of Boethius applies also to the national traditions considered by the other contributors to the volume: "Ils ont [. . .] mis en valeur la lecon essentielle de la Consolatio philosophiae, B savoir que l'homme est capable de s'elever par l'esprit B la hauteur du ciel, et B poursuivre le souverain bien. En termes chretiens, c'est la capacite de la transcendance" [They have (. . .) emphasized the essential lesson of the Consolatio philosophiae, to know that man is capable of raising himself by means of the mind to the height of heaven, and to pursue the Highest Good. In Christian terms, this is the capacity for transcendence] (73). In such passages, the temporal parameters of the focus in the volume are stated, and the central issue addressed by the collection is clarified.The individual articles are written by an impressive set of fifteen scholars: Anna Maria Babbi discusses primarily an Italian translation by Bonaventura da Demena (who earlier had produced a French version of the text); Bernd Bastert examines an incunabulum containing a German translation of the Consolatio printed together with a commentary by PseudoThomas; Glynnis M. Cropp analyzes the Christianizing glosses that are contained in two early French Consolatio translations; Yvonne Dellsperger discovers in aspects of a German manuscript elements that direct a reading toward matters of the hereafter and the forgiveness of sin; Manfred Eikelmann concludes that a German translation by Konrad Humery Christianizes the Consolatio for a lay audience of the time; Susanna E. …


Lighting unit (1) for a headlight, in particular a vehicle headlight, comprising a plurality of light sources (2) and a light guide unit (3) having a plurality of formed as reflectors of light guides (6), wherein a respective light guide (6) (one light source 2) is associated with the light guiding unit (3) consists of (at least two interconnectable parts 4, 5) and a Iichtquellenseitiger part (4) of the light guide unit (3) in the emission direction of the light guide unit (3) between the light sources (2) and an emission side part (5) of the light guide unit (3) is arranged, characterized in that the light guides (6) both in the light-source-side part (4) of the light guide unit (3) and in the emission side part (5) of the light guiding unit (3) are arranged.


PURPOSE: Provided is a method for fabricating a ceramic foam filter wherein the method is capable of coating uniformly the inside of a foam with ceramic slurry by eliminating excessive ceramic slurry by a centrifugal separation during a coating process, thereby increasing hardness, porosity and inner surface area of the foam. CONSTITUTION: The method comprises the steps of (a) impregnating flexible mesh foam with ceramic slurry, (b) eliminating excessive slurry on the surface of the foam by a centrifugal separation at 170 to 250 rpm for 7 to 15 sec and drying the foam, (c) repeating the steps (a) and (b) for several times, and (d) calcining the foam at temperature no less than 1400 deg.C, wherein the ceramic slurry comprises 45 to 55 wt.% of silicon carbide, 25 to 35 wt.% of alumina and 15 to 25 wt.% of colloidal silica solution.


each cycle consisting of planning, action, observation, and reflection. The aspects that observed in each cycle are the student activities, and the learning process of fractions using the original teaching aids. The subjects of this research were 15 students consisting of 6 male students and 9 female students. The results of research of the students' abilities in the fractions subject, each cycle have an improvement. Cycle I, the average score of the students was 53.80 with a percentage of completeness is 13.33%, students who achieved KKM only 2 students. Cycle II, the average score of students was 67.53 with a percentage of completeness is 66.67%, students who achieved KKM are 10 students. Cycle III, the average score of students was 77.33 with a percentage of completeness is 86.67%, students who achieved KKM are 13 students. From applying the three cycles, there was an improvement in students' abilities on the fractions subject. The increases of the average score from cycle I to cycle II is 13.73, the percentage increase to 53.33%, and the students who reach KKM increase to 8 students. The increase in the average score from cycle II to cycle III  is 9.80, the increase in the percentage is 20%, and the increase number of students who reach KKM is 3 students. Based on the indicators of successes in the cycle III, shows that the teaching aids from the original objects that are applied can improve the students' abilities in the fractions subject in 5 th grade of SDN 18/V Kuala Indah, West Tanjung Jabung District. Keywords: Mathematics Learning Results, Original Teaching Aids


Schottky Collector Resonant Tunneling Diodes (SCRTDs) have potential for increased oscillator bandwidth, but may be prone to electron reflection at the semiconductor-metal interface of the Schottky collector. This reflection has been observed previously with in-situ MBE deposited collector metal, manifested as interference oscillations on the rising slope of the resonant current. This paper extends the room temperature results of that work to cover the 1.5 K → 300 K range, revealing valuable information on the semiconductormetal interface, scattering rates, scattering mechanisms, peak to valley ratios, electron distribution and electron transport. The SCRTD oscillation strength was found to depend on the above-barrier reflection coefficient of the col-


The body of a rocket is designed to satisfy the static stability criteria. The body should not be considered rigid but elastic, especially when the body is slender. Even if the body is statically stable for a rigid one, the critical speed exists for an elastic body. This speed is known as the divergence speed. For a single-stage rocket, this divergence speed is already obtained by one of the authors [1]. [2]. The method of deriving this speed is given in the following. The lift of the single-stage rocket operates mainly on around the nose and the fin. It does not seem much errorneous to consider the total lift concentrated on the nose and the fin [3]. So the deformation of the body can be determined in such a way that the inertia force of the body corresponding to some flight speed is supported at the nose and the fin. The angle of attack of the nose and of the fin are now obtained and the lift of each point can be calculated. The divergence speed is derived by equating the restoring moment due to the lift zero. In calculating the divergence speed of an actual rocket, the values for the lift coefficient can be obtained by the wind-tunnel test and the values for the deformation can be obtained by the bending test of the actual rocket or the simple calculation. This methods is very clear and simple in calculating the divergence speed. In 1965 National Aerospace Laboratory fired NAL-7 rockets. The area of the fin and the center of the gravity of these rockets were varied, and the stability of the flight was examined. From these experimental results the above mentioned analysis has been found very useful. In this paper, this method of analysis is extended to the multi-stage rocket. It seems also not much errorneous to consider the lift of a multi-stage rocket concentrated on the several points, and so the analysis for a single-stage rocket can be extended.


Abstract Adsorption of cefradine onto peanut husk from aqueous solution was investigated in the paper. All the experiments were conducted at the same adsorbent dose (1.0 g/ml) and the same temperature of 293 K to investigate the effects of initial concentration of cefradine, contact time, ionic strength and solution pH. The results showed that it was effective to remove cefradine in the acidic medium and the equilibrium adsorption was practically achieved in 60 min. The presence of NaCl or MgCl2 inhibited the adsorption of cefradine onto peanut husk, while the presence of CaCl2 enhanced the adsorption capacity. The pseudo-second order kinetic equations could describe the adsorption kinetics rationally and the rate-limiting step was the intraparticle diffusion process. The Langmuir model provided the best correlation of the experimental data and could interpret the adsorption process and the Langmuir adsorption capacity was found to be 35.73 mg/g. Chemical modification of peanut husk could help to improve ...


The invention relates to a compressor of the axial gap adjusting device of the compressor comprises a shaft.The shaft (5) rotatably supported by a cylinder block (2) and a front housing (1) coupled to one another. An axial loading device and a wedge (31) are interposed in series between the axial end surface of the shaft (5) and a shoulder (2a) of the cylinder block (2). The axial loading device is constituted by a compression coil spring (32) for biasing the shaft (5) in the axial direction.


This Banks world newsletter includes some of the following issue: a message from the President; the Bank and its finances, by H.M. Koelle; new attitude survey coming this spring; around the Bank; new staff members; 20- and 30 year jubileers; retirees; managing people better, by Martijn J. W. and M. Paijmans; 'professional and technical training will be improved and expanded.'; question and answer (Q and A) on energy and the World Bank, by Akin Fatoyinbo; gracing our gallery walls; new executives; International Finance Corporation's (IFC's) Wuttke visits India; the Ombudsman: fairness is his forte, by Alan Drattell; Bank calendar; and answerline.


The phase separation of suspensions of anisotropic rod-like species such as tobacco mosaic virus, DNA fragments and collagen into fluids displaying nematic or chiral nematic order is a widely observed phenomenon. Suspensions of rod-like cellulose crystallites also can form a chiral nematic phase. The rodlets of crystalline cellulose were prepared by sulphuric acid hydrolysis of natural cellulose fibres from several sources. The suspensions are thought to be stabilized by the charged sulphate ester groups on the surface of the crystallites. Well-formed textures and disclinations characteristic of chiral nematic liquid crystals, readily formed by these dilute suspensions, are observed. Preliminary results indicate that the critical volume fraction for phase separation of salt-free suspensions can be as low as 0.03, with a relatively narrow biphasic region. The phase separation is sensitive to the ionic strength of the medium. Some effects of magnetic fields on the orientation of the ordered phase will also be described.


Bar recursion arises in constructive mathematics, logic, proof theory and higher-type computability theory. We explain bar recursion in terms of sequential games, and show how it can be naturally understood as a generalisation of the principle of backward induction that arises in game theory. In summary, bar recursion calculates optimal plays and optimal strategies, which, for particular games of interest, amount to equilibria. We consider finite games and continuous countably infinite games, and relate the two. The above development is followed by a conceptual explanation of how the finite version of the main form of bar recursion considered here arises from a strong monad of selections functions that can be defined in any cartesian closed category. Finite bar recursion turns out to be a well-known morphism available in any strong monad, specialised to the selection monad.


In this paper, a user association and bandwidth allocation approach is proposed for heterogeneous networks (HetNets) using fuzzy logic controllers. Due to the heterogeneous nature of user demands, we categorize the incoming mobile users into low, medium, or high based on their data rate requirements. Similarly, the bandwidth utilization in a given small cell base station (SBS) is quantified and evaluated. Based on the per user demand and bandwidth availability, the controller decides whether a particular user should be associated with that SBS or offloaded to the macro base station (MBS). Moreover, the controller adjusts the fraction of bandwidth allocated to each user based on users data rate requirement and availability of resources towards maximizing the total data rate in the network. The proposed scheme, which is performed by SBSs in a distributed manner, is investigated and compared with two other approaches; namely, the best signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) which is considered as the baseline approach in the literature, and a greedy-based approach where priority in association is given to users demanding higher data rates. Our approach shows promising results regarding the improvement of data rate, bandwidth utilization, and blocking ratio, with an increased number of offloaded users.


(Music in Medieval Britain (London, 2nd edn., 1963), 314–15, 331) to produce a kind of secret structure, rather than a series of audible balances similar to those, for example, between successive variations by Mozart or Beethoven. Subsequent work on length relationships included my article 'The Formal Design and Construction of Taverner's Works', Musica disciplina, 26 (1972), 189–209. In recent years Roger Bray and Ian Darbyshire have explored the subject increasingly thoroughly, the former in 'Music and the Quadrivium in early Tudor England', Music & Letters, 76 (1995), 15–18 and in 'Editing and Performing musica speculativa', in John Morehen (ed.), English Choral Practice 1400– 1650 (Cambridge, 1995), 48–73. Relatively new is the discovery that passages with coloration and those without it are involved in length relationships (see p. xiv, including Table 1). It would be of immense interest if we were able to find out how these remarkable length relationships were set up in the process of composition, and why Fayrfax used the numbers he did. For example, did he compose a section here and a section there, keeping a constant check on how the structural balance was shaping up? Or did he, after getting to the end of a mass, realize that certain sections did not balance, and that some contractions and/or extensions were necessary? In the mass Tecum principium two of the most important numbers are 470 and 671 (see Table 3, p. 143). How did such numbers, which have no immediately apparent mathematical significance in themselves, come about? At the heart of the masses published in EECM 45 lies a paradox: very precise largescale structural planning coexists with a musical style that shows freedom and apparent spontaneity rather than close organization through, for example, a systematic use of imitation. HUGH BENHAM doi:10.1093/ml/gci166


Material for microbiological treatment of objects, or the surface thereof for reducing, eliminating or preventing microbial contamination, comprising the following components: 1.1 Non-GMO probiotic micro-organisms of a typical concentration of up to 10 1.2 herbal dietary fiber, insoluble and / or soluble fibers; 1.3 pectin or other gel-forming substances such as carboxymethyl cellulose or carboxymethyl starch; 1.4 calcium salt or substrates which allow Egg box inclusion of the components; 1.5 the microorganisms include natural substances such as fermented vegetable or animal raw materials, as well as microbes such as lactic acid bacteria Lactobacillus clearans; L. acidophilus; L. casei; L. casei defensis; L. rhamnosus; L. reutheri, L. deodorant; L. sulfurica, L. nitrosus and / or bifidobacteria B. animalis DN-173010; Bifidobact. longum included.


Operation Barbarossa , Nazi Germany's attack on the Soviet Union on 22 June 1941, is without a doubt one of the most momentous events of the 20th century. It marked the beginning of what in the Soviet Union would come to be known as the 'Great Patriotic War', and although it lies 80 years in the past, it is still extensively studied. This special issue is dedicated to the halting of the German offensive in December 1941, exactly 80 years ago this winter. The importance of this crucial turning point of the war at the time: of German High between


Presented is a fatal case of renal medullary cancer (RMC) diagnosed in a woman with sickle cell trait. The patient was a 19-year-old adolescent who presented with right-sided flank pain. She complained of weight loss, fatigue, dyspnea, and a non-productive cough. The metastatic tumor demonstrated an aggressive and fatal course. Literature review of the pathology, histology, and metastatic potential of the tumor follows. No therapy has hitherto contributed to a prolonged disease-free survival. Int Pediatr. 2005;20(1):40-43.


The concept of "cost effectiveness" is based on general economic theory. Pharmacoeconomics is a sub-branch of cost-effectiveness analysis that is applied to the field of healthcare delivery. In pharmacoeconomics, cost-outcome analysis studies measure the costs of an intervention over time and compare them to the outcomes. Although these studies are used by healthcare decisionmakers to determine how to allocate healthcare resources, cost-outcome analyses are rarely, if ever, the only factor driving a policy recommendation or decision. Cost-outcome analyses must consider the costs, benefits, and perspective from which the study is conducted. These analyses are based on effectiveness studies of an intervention (ie, the efficacy of an intervention as it is used in the "real world"), but they do not rely solely on economic theory as their gold standard. Cost-outcome analyses are only as good as the effectiveness studies on which they are based. For nurses, the results of cost-outcome analyses can have farreaching implications in determining their salaries and how to allocate their time. As costoutcome analysis studies become more prevalent, it is important for all healthcare providers to understand the information on which resources are allocated. This article describes the most common types of cost-outcome analysis studies to provide an understanding of pharmacoeconomic methods. Specific study examples from the literature and our work at the Johns Hopkins Hospital are also offered. (Adv Stud Nurs. 2005;3(5):158-163)


In article on the basis of analysis of normative legal acts are considered the most important aspects of the fight against unemployment in pre-revolutionary Russia and some countries of Western Europe (France, Switzerland, Belgium, Germany and others) at the turn of the twentieth century.


To assess the occurrence of pulmonary embolism and long-term inflammatory activation after polidocanol foam injection, domestic rabbits, of both sexes, weighing around 2 kg were used: a control group (injection of saline solution, n = 4) and an experimental group (injection of polidocanol foam 1 and 3 mg/kg, n = 4 each dose), administered in the lateral superficial auricular vein as a slow bolus over 1 min. Foam (1 mL polidocanol 3%+ 4 mL air) 0.3 mL and 1.0 mL was injected respectively for the 1 mg/kg and the 3 mg/kg group. Technetium (Tc99m) lung scintigraphy was realized 15 min after injection, then the rabbits were killed and the lungs were removed for histopathological evaluation. A separated group of animals was reserved for histopathological evaluation 30 days after injection. The pulmonary perfusion showed an important reduction of pulmonary perfusion in all injected cases; while in the control group no alterations were found. The pathological exam at earlier times shows the presence of platelet-fibrin clots mainly in the small pulmonary veins, independent of the dose administered and occasional presence of droplets corresponding to fat embolism, and an acute inflammatory response. In later times it was observed chronic thrombus in small veins with mixed chronic inflammatory response, sparse or more limited. This work shows that the injection of polidocanol foam in experimental animals leads to acute and chronic alterations in pulmonary perfusion and lung inflammation. If few amounts of polidocanol foam can be deposited into the lung (in low quantity, not causing significant pulmonary embolism) it can induce inflammation in the pulmonary parenchyma. The use of rabbits does not allow using maneuvers that can reduce the incidence of embolism (leg elevation, immobility). In addition, the veins used to in the rabbits cannot reflect the veins used in humans, with a shorter time than the time needed to inactivate polidocanol.


The primary goal of a direct mail marketing (DM) campaign is to send mailers to group of customers who are likely to respond. To determine the likely responders for the offer, it is a common practice to build predictive models based on past experience, using historical data. It is not unusual to evaluate the campaign performance by comparing the results with the model. In this study, lift charts and cumulative gains have been used to measure the effectiveness of several marketing campaigns for telecom strategic products. The results provide important insights into the model, as well as performance measurement. This identifies the best customers and helps improve the profitability of subsequent campaigns.