This report summarizes work carried out by the Ultra-scale Visualization Climate Data Analysis Tools (UV-CDAT) Team for the period of January 1, 2011 through June 30, 2011. It discusses highlights, overall progress, period goals, and collaborations and lists papers and presentations. To learn more about our project, please visit our UV-CDAT website (URL: http://uv-cdat.org). This report will be forwarded to the program manager for the Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Biological and Environmental Research (BER), national and international collaborators and stakeholders, and to researchers working on a wide range of other climate model, reanalysis, and observation evaluation activities. The UV-CDAT executive committee consists of Dean N. Williams of Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL); Dave Bader and Galen Shipman of Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL); Phil Jones and James Ahrens of Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Claudio Silva of Polytechnic Institute of New York University (NYU-Poly); and Berk Geveci of Kitware, Inc. The UV-CDAT team consists of researchers and scientists with diverse domain knowledge whose home institutions also include the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and the University of Utah. All work is accomplished under DOE open-source guidelines and in close collaboration with the project's stakeholders, domain researchers, and scientists. Working directly with BER climate science analysis projects, this consortium will develop and deploy data and computational resources useful to a wide variety of stakeholders, including scientists, policymakers, and the general public. Members of this consortium already collaborate with other institutions and universities in researching data discovery, management, visualization, workflow analysis, and provenance. The UV-CDAT team will address the following high-level visualization requirements: (1) Alternative parallel streaming statistics and analysis pipelines - Data parallelism, Task parallelism, Visualization parallelism; (2) Optimized parallel input/output (I/O); (3) Remote interactive execution; (4) Advanced intercomparison visualization; (5) Data provenance processing and capture; and (6) Interfaces for scientists - Workflow data analysis and visualization construction tools, and Visualization interfaces.


Luminescence from strained Si1−xGex/Si quantum wells (QWs) grown on Si substrates by Si molecular‐beam epitaxy was studied. Influenece of the crystal quality on the luminescence efficiency was investigated by excitation dependence of luminescence intensity. Electroluminescence (EL) from coupled double QWs for the material system and the associated peak red shift is presented for the first time. Transverse‐electric‐polarized EL was observed from cleaved edge samples for the first time, showing that the optical transition in QW luminescence is due to electron–heavy hole recombination.


baedan — a queer journal of heresy — issue two Retranslated by Critila. "Volutions" was first published in Hocquenghem's L'après-mai des faunes. (The book's title echoes Mallarmé's poem "L'Après-Midi d'un faune," changing the common word après-midi, "afternoon," to the neologism après-mai, "after-May." The poem's gay faun has become a crowd of fauns.) Published in January 1974, the piece reflects critically on the legacy of the events of May 1968, and the abandonment of so-called revolutionary thought soon after. Hocquenghem calls on his readers no longer to react to the bourgeois class and its values, but to find ways for turning (away) through "volutions" of action from the apathy of leftism. We have added some endnotes to show to what degree Hocquenghem's nascent queer sensibility was fed by reading literature and revolutionary history. As for his taste in literature, need we underline how many of the authors referenced here were queer, drug addicts, or insane?


Clustering is an unsupervised technique for machine learning and data analysis. Different clustering methods such as centroid, connectivity, density, or distribution-based clustering have been applied as a step in many vision applications. Recently, face clustering has become an important task in the face recognition field, and evaluation benchmarks on the LFW and IJB-B datasets have been created. In this paper, we present the Ensembles of Centroids Leveraging Iteratively Processed Spatial Eclipse (ECLIPSE) clustering algorithm, where we combine the advantages of centroid, density, and connectivity-based clustering algorithms. We show that ECLIPSE can work with most kinds of distance measures such as Euclidean, Cosine, and Bray-Curtis distance. We present the Alignment-Free Facial Feature Extraction (AFFFE) network to extract deep features for the LFW and IJB-B datasets. Using these features, our experimental results show that ECLIPSE can estimate the true number of clusters better than related algorithms and delivers state-of-the-art clustering results, especially for large datasets. Using only the hint in the IJB-B protocol, AFFFE and ECLIPSE significantly advance the state of the art.


Surface topography of electrolytic copper foils with various adhesions to dielectric is investigated. Morphological features and statistical parameters of surface microrelief of foil, responsible for adhesion, are determined. It is established that the foil which has two-layer structure gives the strongest adhesion. The bottom layer of compact copper is called «a crude foil». The top layer, consisting of powder copper, is called «an adhesive layer». The foil with high adhesion consists of grains of crude copper with similar sizes which have sharp conic or pyramidal forms. Distribution of copper powder particles on grains is extremely uneven. Copper powder, concentrated on tops of microdefects, produces roughnesses which form mechanical «locks» when the foil is inserted in dielectric. This effect enhances the adhesion. An unconventional method of production of copper foil with high adhesion is proposed. The method is based on long influence of thiourea, previously adsorbed on copper cathode, on copper plating. Pushing up to the surface of the adsorbed substance by metal and absence of thiourea in electrolytic composition reduces inclusion of sulfur in covering and improves ecology of foil production.


Through discourse analysis English learners can get a complete and deep understanding of the reading material.This paper introduces some knowledge of discourse analysis,such as analysis of the genre,pattern and context of a text.It also suggests some effective ways to apply discourse analysis to teaching of English reading for the purpose of improving learners' reading comprehension as well as their acquisition of language knowledge.


The War of Ethiopian Resistance Against Italy was an important thing in modern history. Considered from its background, its important position, its influence on the development of internafional relations, and its connections with the other Battlefields in Africa, it was not only a component part but also the beginning of theAfrican Battlefield in World War Ⅱ.


It provides an easy processing. And the high strength of the tip of the scroll wrap central portion, the volume of the innermost compression chamber becomes zero, the compressor efficiency does not decrease performance scroll type fluid machine. Shape of the top central portion of spiral wrap of each scroll is formed of at least two stepped layers, the layers in the top center portion of the spiral wrap becomes profile contour fully engaged. Meanwhile, with the stepped spiral wrap becomes thinner than the thickness at the exit end surface of the upper panel.


The research goal is to consider the process of developing the information competence of teachers in rural schools in Yakutia required for remote teaching during the pandemic. The main research methods are the method of expert assessments and statistical processing of quantitative research results. Over 600 teachers from 32 uluses of the republic took part in the experiment and did the professional development courses. The overwhelming majority of schools in Yakutia are rural (over 70%), since they are located in rural settlements. The authors devised the teaching methodology for increasing the information competence of teachers in rural schools. The proposed approach implies the continuity of professional development courses. The survey conducted among teachers conclusively demonstrates the need to take into account the specifics of the educational environment of rural schools while developing the information competence of teachers during the pandemic.


The pressure for increased fuel economy and low CO2 emissions for automotive vehicles continues. In order to satisfy requirements, lighter vehicles will need to be manufactured making it necessary to replace metals in structural components with lightweight materials such as carbon fiber composites. The challenge associated with implementation of carbon fiber composites is to make them cost effective for high volume production because historically this class of materials was designed for low volume production scenarios. In order to apply carbon fiber prepreg derivatives to high volume automotive applications, the material must be designed so it can be robotically handled, and reduce expensive material usage inefficiencies while utilizing existing processing equipment. This work presents an innovative mechanical method to incorporate uncured carbon fiber reinforced polymer "in-process" scrap to completely utilize the waste material in three-dimensional reinforcing rib features of a structural automotive application, and demonstrates an efficient material use method to provide cost savings with aligned carbon fiber prepreg designs. This paper compares the mechanical properties of the discontinuous fiber reinforced composites prepared using virgin carbon fibers and reutilized carbon fiber prepreg scrap. Introduction Carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) has attracted great attention because it offers the advantages of excellent mechanical properties, lightweight, and superior fatigue and corrosion resistance [1]. Its weight is only 1/5th of steel sheet metal, but can be better in terms of stiffness and strength. CFRP is being widely used as a structural engineering material in the aerospace as well as sporting equipment industries [2]. In the automotive industry, there are strong motivation of using CFRP in high volume automotive production, due to the global requirement of reducing CO2 emission and increasing vehicle fuel economy. The weight reduction enabled by CFRP is the key to boost this breakthrough. Dow and Ford Motor Company have established joint development partnership to develop processing methods and material formats to enable automated high volume production (>100k/vehicles) of carbon fiber composite parts to create next-generation vehicles which are around 750 lbs lighter than the current models [3]. It has been predicted that the carbon fiber reinforced plastics to have an annual growth rate of 16% from 2012 to 2020 [4]. As the utilization of CFRP continues to increase in industries, there is an increasing interest in reducing the waste CFRP generated during production, driven by both the regulatory pressure and the high cost of the CFRP material. One promising route is to reutilize the CFRP scrap/waste in the production, such that the economic value in the scrap can be largely retained, and the environmental concerns of disposal can be alleviated. A variety of approaches have been developed by the industries and academia, which in general can be categorized into three major classes: thermal, chemical, and mechanical approaches.  Thermal Approach: thermally decompose the polymer resin matrix of the CFRP waste under high temperature (450 to 800 °C) either in the near absence of oxygen to pyrolyze the polymer resin into volatized molecules, or in a controlled oxygen content to oxidize and combust the resin, to recover the carbon fiber from the scrap. Under this category, major approaches being investigated are pyrolysis [2, 5, 6], fluidized bed [7, 8], and microwave [9, 10].  Chemical Approach: polymer resin matrix is dissolved/decomposed into large oligomers using a solvent such as water, alcohol, and glycol, while the carbon fiber are left behind and are subsequently collected. The reaction can be either carried out under low temperature (< 290 oC), or at supercritical or near-supercritical state [11-13].  Mechanical Approach: downsize the CFRP waste by one or a series of mechanical processes, such as shredding, milling and grinding. The downsized CFRP is typically used as fillers in composite and construction applications [14]. While all the three classes of reutilization approaches for CFRPs are potentially applicable to uncured scrap, mechanical approach provides the advantages of less environmental concerns and full reclamation of both the carbon fiber and the matrix resin. However, very limited success has been reported so far on implementing mechanical approach, majorly because of the difficulties in handling and downsizing the tacky uncured material. The on-going drive for improvements in vehicle fuel economy continues to spur new innovation in a wide array of vehicle technologies with vehicle mass reduction considered a critical element to achieving this goal. The latter has prompted renewed interest in lightweight body and chassis systems that take advantage of advances in materials such as high strength steel, light metals and composites. This report summarized joint effort by Dow Automotive, Ford and DowAksa focused on the development and implementation of novel carbon fiber composites. The result of this joint development has yielded, an epoxy based prepreg designed for high volume manufacture. The system enables room temperature shelf stable technology conducive to automated fast manufacturing of composite parts. The performance of these materials was validated in production processing scenarios culminating in full vehicle testing. The example application in this study is a B-pillar insert of a full-size automotive vehicle [3]. This study presents an innovative mechanical approach to reutilize uncured carbon fiber/epoxy prepreg "in-process" scrap. The B-pillar insert is fabricated using carbon fiber/epoxy prepreg. During the fabrication process, the prepreg sheet is first trimmed to the contour of the B-pillar part. Then multiple layers of trimmed prepreg sheets are stacked and preformed, and eventually compression molded into the final shape, as shown in Figure 1. Even with the effort trying to optimize the cutting process, the total amount of scrap generated could be still up to 30%. Using the approach proposed in this paper, all the scrap can be fully converted into a molding compound, which can be readily co-molded with the virgin prepreg material into three-dimensional reinforcing rib structure to replace one layer of virgin prepreg without compromising the part performance. This approach eliminates the waste and enables 100% utilization of the high-value carbon fiber/epoxy prepreg, which significantly improves the overall economics. Figure 1: B-Pillar Insert (Raw material to finished part) Materials and Methods The material used in this study is VORAFUSETM P6300 prepreg system [3] prepared using Dow proprietary epoxy resin blend and has the following characteristics:  Room temperature shelf stability (30 days at 25°C)  Tack free system to allow automated cutting, stacking and stitching  Shelf stable preforms to allow automated preforming  Snap cure (t < 2min) for automated molding  Part glass transition temperature of 160°C.  Excellent release characteristics with internal mold release  Fully impregnated low void prepreg resulting in low void parts Prepregs made with three different carbon fiber fabrics were used in this study:  Unidirectional (UD) prepregs – 180 gsm  Braid fabric – 733 gsm  Non-crimp fabric – 590 gsm A schematic of the proposed process for re-utilizing the trim scraps into the B-pillar insert is summarized in Figure 2. The proposed method is composed of the following steps: (a) Downsize the offcut prepreg scrap generated during the trimming/cutting process into small pieces using a dual stage shredder. The shredding process was optimized to control the final size of the shredded pieces (0.5" – 2.5"). The final fiber size would control the properties (mechanical properties and flowability) of the resulting discontinuous CFRPs. For this study the length of the cut pieces were maintained at 1.0 inches. (b) Characterize the initial glass transition temperature (Tgi) of the prepreg trim scrap using a differential scanning calorimeter (DSC). Depending on the Tgi results, the shredded trim scrap was processed via one of the following two steps: (i) Tgi < Tgc: If the Tgi is below the critical glass transition temperature (Tgc), the shredded trim scrap is formed into sheets and used in the molding process. The Tgc level is CF Spool Preform 2D Blank Molded Part From Raw Material To Finished Part specific to the epoxy formulation used in the prepreg, and is determined experimentally on a case-by-case basis. For VORAFUSETM P6300 formulation, Tgc was determined to be 35°C. (i) Tgi > Tgc: If the Tgi is greater than Tgc, the shredded trim scrap is expected to have reduced flowability during compression molding that may require higher initial tool coverage (>90%). In order to restore the flowability of the final molding compound (tool coverage >60%), the shredded trim scrap is mixed with formulated epoxy resin blend in a low-shear batch mixer. (c) Shape the shredded trim scrap or mixed compound into desired forms (sheet, cylindrical log, etc.) (d) Compression mold the charge to make the cured composite part. Figure 2: Process schematic of the proposed scrap reutilization method The molding compound prepared using the proposed method was compression molded into a 12" x 12" plaque in a 250 tons LMG compression molding machine by pressing a 350g charge (10" x 10", 70% tool coverage) at 150°C, for 3 min under 150 tons of applied force for characterization purpose. The test methods used for various characterizations are listed in Table I. Table I: Characterization methods for molded composite plaques


The encounter of a broken-down vortex with the swept leading edge of a fin is investigated in a water channel using high-image-density particle image velocimetry, which leads to instantaneous fields of velocity and vorticity. The vortex-fin interaction generates a layer of time-averaged vorticity extending along the entire leading edge from the root to the tip of the fin. This averaged vorticity is actually due to a succession of instantaneous states of highly concentrated vorticity along the edge of the postbreakdown region of the vortex. Above the surface of the fin, however, the averaged vorticity has a relatively low level ; the corresponding instantaneous vorticity concentrations have alternating sign and are not repetitive in space or time. Nevertheless, two-dimensional correlations of instantaneous vorticity exhibit well-defined peaks corresponding to an identifiable wavelength between the vorticity concentrations. Spectra of surface pressure at crucial locations on the fin are related to these features of the instantaneous and averaged flow structure.


In view of evidence of fake concoctions, both studied populations agreed that there is need for routine consumer feedback on the medications they take. Tradi-practitioners agreed that there is need for strengthened collaborations with modern for safer and more effective services to the Cameroonian public.


Four strains of rabies virus, one chick-brain fixed (Flury) and three street strains were adapted to the developing chick embryo. The Flury strain was passaged through 80 chick embryo generations by yolk-sac inoculation of infected chick embryo tissue.
 The virus multiplied slowly in the fertile hens' eggs and reached its maximal titer on the ninth to tenth day after inoculation. The virus was distributed throughout the egg, with possible exception of the allantoic fluid, the highest concentration being present in the embryo. Death of the infected embryos, inoculated at 7, 9 and 11 days of age, occurred as a rule immediately before or at the time of hatching. When 15-day or older fertile eggs were inoculated most of the embryos hatched but the virus was "carried over" to the newly hatched chicks causing either death or development of homologous antibodies in the survivors.
 The LD50 titer of infected embryo suspensions remained within the range of 10−4.50 to 10−5.50 for mice, guinea pigs, cotton rats and chicks throughout the cultivation period. The intracerebral titration of the Flury strain in rabbits yielded highly irregular results which were discussed in relation to the "self-sterilizing neuro-infection" phenomenon.
 The invasive power of the Flury strain for parenterally inoculated rabbits seemed to be entirely lost, and the virulence of the strain for hamsters and guinea pigs seemed to undergo some attenuation during the series of passages in the developing chick embryo.


There was found among 2004 an antefixa in Roc Chabas street-Valence (Spain), wich a sculptoric relief of goddess Ceres/ Demeter is represented without any archaeological context. Near to this found archaeologist have identified a Roman republican pit suffed with rubble materials –enough not studied– and a ditch with animal sacrifices including pig and fauna– maybe the mundus of the city.


This study investigated impaired self‐awareness of motor deficits in nondemented, nondepressed Parkinson's disease (PD) patients during a defined clinical on state.


The crystal structure of the non-stoichiometric Na
 x

Si
 136
 silicon clathrate has been refined using the Rietveld method, in order to determine accurately the distribution of the sodium atoms within the two available sites. In agreement with the previous data, it was found that for x≤8, the alkali atoms occupy exclusively, and not only preferentially the eight larger Si
 28
 sites. For 8<x<24, the filling of the sixteen smaller Si
 20
 cages occurs gradually with increasing x, and a slight increase of the unit cell parameter is then observed. The crystal structure of the stoichiometric Na
 8
Si
 46
 clathrate, which is present as impurity in the studied samples, has also been refined.


OBJECTIVE
To describe the short-term outcome of children with meningococcal sepsis treated with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) in a single centre.

DESIGN
Retrospective analysis of case notes.

SETTING
The Heartlink ECMO Centre, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester.

PATIENTS
Eleven children (8 boys) out of a total caseload of 800 patients were treated for meningococcal sepsis with ECMO.

INTERVENTIONS
Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation.

RESULTS
All children with meningococcal sepsis treated with ECMO had a Glasgow Meningococcal Septicaemia Prognostic Score (GMSPS) > or = 12 (positive predictive risk of death of approximately 90%). Five children had adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and six had refractory shock with multi-organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) at presentation for ECMO. All five children in the ARDS group survived, four of five receiving veno-venous (VV-) ECMO therapy. In contrast, only one of six children with refractory shock with MODS survived, all of whom required veno-arterial (VA-) ECMO therapy.

CONCLUSIONS
Most children with meningococcal sepsis and severe ARDS can be successfully treated with VV-ECMO. In contrast, children with refractory shock and MODS die despite treatment with VA-ECMO. This report does not resolve whether ECMO therapy offers any advantage over conventional therapy in treating severe meningococcal sepsis.


The equations to obtain the temperature and the thermal stress profiles in an infinite hollow cylinder have been derived under various boundary conditions with respect to the sudden cooling : a) constant film heat transfer coefficient, b) constant heat flux. The boundary conditions used in this paper were classified as follow: I) Both surfaces relate to a). II) Both surfaces relate to b). Ill) Inner surface relates to a) and the other one relates to b). IV) Inner surface relates to b) the other one relates to a). Furthermore, correlative equations of the nondimensional maximumthermal stress with respect to the Biot's number and the nondimensional heat flux have been proposed for the boundary conditions mentioned above. These equations can be applied to predicting the thermal fracture of materials.


Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to encourage a discussion of the implementation of management control systems (MCSs) in the MCS-strategy relationship. Borrowing from the literature on software development, the authors propose two archetypes of MCS implementation – waterfall and agile – and employ them to understand how the MCS-strategy fit unfolds over time.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors empirically ground the archetypes on two exploratory case studies based on the collection of extensive qualitative data.

Findings

The authors show that MCSs change not only in relation to strategy, but also in response to an autonomous source: implementation. These two implementation archetypes differ in their degrees of specification, in the ways in which the transitions among their implementation phases occur and in the sources and ways in which their feedback loops affect the MCSs; however, both shed light on the dynamic dimension of fit and show that the fit should be assessed over time.

Research limitations/implications

The two archetypes are derived from two exploratory cases. Further research may both strengthen the framework by testing the validity of the archetypes for a wider set of empirical cases and enrich the framework by investigating the determinants of agile and waterfall MCS implementation.

Practical implications

The introduction of MCS implementation to the determinants of fit or misfit provides practitioners with a further interpretation and an action driver for fit or misfit. MCS implementation should be coordinated with the pace of change of strategy and should be changed in relation to the possibility for an organisation to move from a process- to a people-centred system (or vice versa).

Originality/value

The authors propose two archetypes of MCS implementation, both of which support the empirical interpretation and theoretical reconceptualisation of the concept of the MCS-strategy fit in terms of dynamic fit.


The reaction of Re2(μ-O2CCH3)4Cl2 with Cy2PCH2PCy2 (dcpm) affords a separable mixture of trans-ReOCl(η2-dcpm)2 (1) and trans-Re2(μ-O2CCH3)2Cl2(μ-dcpm)2 (2). Complex 1 is converted in the presence of O2 to the novel mixed-valent Re(VI)−Re(I) complex O3ReReCl(η2-dcpm)2 (3), which contains an unsupported Re−Re bond.


Circulation. 2018;137:101–102. DOI: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.117.032053 January 2, 2018 101 Circulation is available at http://circ.ahajournals.org. Brian P. Halliday, MBChB Dudley J. Pennell, MD Sanjay K. Prasad, MD In Response: We thank Dr Locorotondo and colleagues for their kind comments regarding our recently published article.1 We agree that, although the quantification of midwall late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) in dilated cardiomyopathy has been shown to be reproducible between operators in the same center using a single technique, it is not known whether this remains the case when examining operators in different centers using different techniques.2 Quantification of LGE relies on a degree of subjective interpretation, and this appears to be a major barrier to the use of cutoff values within clinical practice. In addition, the exact relationship between the extent of LGE and specific outcomes in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy remains uncertain. Examining the association between LGE extent and outcome using proportional hazard modeling assumes a linear dose-dependent relationship, and whether this truly exists is currently unclear. The association between the location and pattern of LGE and outcome is another important area for evaluation. Based on available evidence, our preferred approach to predicting adverse risk is one considering the binary presence or absence of midwall LGE rather than one taking into account the extent.3 Dr Locorotondo also importantly highlights the potential of T1and extracellular volume mapping for the detection of diffuse interstitial fibrosis. Nakamori and colleagues4 have recently provided an important histological correlation between native T1 and extracellular volume mapping and collagen volume fraction in dilated cardiomyopathy. Although replacement myocardial fibrosis is thought to play a prominent role in initiating and sustaining reentrant ventricular tachycardia, it is possible that interstitial fibrosis may contribute to tachycardias arising from focal mechanisms. T1 and extracellular volume mapping may therefore have a plausible role in the prediction of adverse arrhythmic events. However, whether either will add incremental value to LGE for the prediction of sudden cardiac death is uncertain. In our study, the event rate in patients without LGE was only 2.3% over a median follow-up of 4.6 years.1 Significant overlap in native T1 values also exists in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy without LGE and healthy controls.5 Variation in T1 values arising from the use of different scanners and contrast agents also needs to be addressed. Finally, the selection of patients who gain longevity from implantable cardioverter-defibrillator therapy relies not only on identifying those at high risk of sudden cardiac death, but also on selecting those who, in addition, have a low risk of dying of competing causes such as heart failure. Whether the detection of replacement fibrosis using LGE-cardiac magnetic resonance or interstitial fibrosis using parametric mapping is able to accomplish this requires further clarification in randomized controlled trials, as pointed out by the authors. We eagerly await the results of such studies. Response by Halliday et al to Letter Regarding Article, "Association Between Midwall Late Gadolinium Enhancement and Sudden Cardiac Death in Patients with Dilated Cardiomyopathy and Mild and Moderate Left Ventricular Systolic Dysfunction"


Background The Aronia melanocarpa fruit is emerging as a health food owing to its high polyphenolic content and associated antioxidant activity. Antioxidant-rich foods, such as Aronia fruit, may counter inflammatory stimuli and positively modulate the gut microbiome. However, a comprehensive study characterizing the impact of Aronia fruit supplementation has not been completed. Therefore, we completed analyses measuring the metabolic, microbial, and inflammatory effects of a diet supplemented with Aronia fruit juice. Method Humanized mice were generated by colonizing gnotobiotic mice with microbiomes from human donors presenting disparate inflammation levels. Blood and fecal samples were collected throughout the course of an 8-week dietary intervention with either Aronia juice or a carbohydrate-matched beverage alone (2 weeks) or in combination with a high-fat diet to induce inflammation (6 weeks). Samples were analyzed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing (stool) and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (serum). Results We demonstrated transfer of microbiome composition and diversity and metabolic characteristics from humans with low and high inflammation levels to second-generation humanized mice. Aronia supplementation provided robust protection against high-fat diet induced metabolic and microbiome changes that were dependent in part on microbiome donor. Aronia induced increases in bacteria of the Eggerthellaceae genus (7-fold) which aligns with its known ability to metabolize (poly)phenols and in phosphatidylcholine metabolites which are consistent with improved gut barrier function. The gut microbiome from a low inflammation phenotype donor provided protection against high-fat diet induced loss of microbiome β-diversity and global metabolomic shifts compared to that from the high inflammation donor. Conclusion These metabolic changes elucidate pathway-specific drivers of reduced inflammation stemming from both Aronia and the gut microbiota.


The snow surfaces of the high plateaus of the East Antarctic and Greenland ice sheets are used to determine multi-year drift in the sensitivity of the visible channel of the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) on the polar-orbiting satellites NOAA-9, 10, and 11. Bidirectional reflectance distribution functions are empirically derived for the months of October-February (Antarctica) and April-August (Greenland) using a simplified atmospheric model. The bidirectional reflectance of the snow surface should not change from year to year for near-nadir satellite views. Therefore, drift in the derived bidirectional reflectance distribution function is interpreted as drift in channel sensitivity. Several factors make the snow surface of an ice sheet suitable as a calibration target for visible and near-UV channels. (1) In this spectral region, snow has a very high albedo (> 97%) that is invariant with grain size and incidence angle. (2) On the high plateaus the temperatures are always far below freezing so the surface consists of cold fine-grained snow, and there is negligible contamination. (3) The ice sheet surfaces are uniform and flat across large areas. (4) Ozone is the only significant variable absorber in this spectral region, and its absorption can be accounted for if the ozone amount is known. (5) Cloud detection and removal is not necessary, because the thin clouds over the high ice sheets apparently do not alter the near-nadir reflectance, as they do over dark surfaces. Our analysis indicates that the visible channel on NOAA-9 degraded linearly over the 3.5-year lifetime of the instrument by 5.3 ± 0.1% per year. NOAA-10 showed non-linear behaviour that could be fitted with a fourth-order polynomial. Data from NOAA-11 prior to the eruption of Mt Pinatubo showed a linear increase in sensitivity of 2.3 ± 0.2% per year. The derived drifts are not sensitive to the choice of spatial and temporal averaging scales, the choice of months and gridboxes, and whether or not a cloud-rejection scheme is used.


In recent years,with the rapid development of highway construction in China,road traffic accident is also rising.Trucks are traffic accident vehicles on highway,and endanger transport safety.The paper presents the statistic data of partial truck accidents on highway in Sichuan province in 2008,and analyzes the identified results of safety performance technology status for 269 trucks.The reason of traffic accidents caused by trucks on highway is summarized and the main hidden troubles of vehicles in safety are pointed out.The study provides necessary reference for the reduction of truck accidents on highway.


Background: Tuberculosis has been a major cause of suffering and death since times immemorial, thought to be one of the oldest human diseases. Drug resistance is a threat to TB control programs worldwide. One of the core factors in development of multi drug resistance is previous treatment received by the patient. Therefore we planned this study to find the various previous treatments correlates influencing development of drug resistance among MDR-TB patients Objective: 1. To assess socio economic distribution of MDR cases reported at hospital 2. To find out association of previous treatment and its correlates with MDR cases reported at hospital Method: It was a hospital based observational study. Informed consent of the patient was taken for the study. Approval from institutional ethical committee was obtained for the thesis. All information to accomplish objectives was collected by personal interview of each of the study subjects for about 30 to 45 minutes at PMDT site using pre-designed and pre-tested Proforma. Results: MDR TB can affect all the age groups. In the study population, 214 (74.30%) patients were in the reproductive and economically productive age group of 16-45 years. The history of prior anti-tuberculosis medication was observed in 98.95% and it was strongly associated with development of MDR TB in our study.


Abstract Additions of certain alkali metal carbonates to irongraphite compacts cause the generation of a carburising gas atmosphere within the pores during sintering, and carbon alloying takes place efficiently and homogeneously at temperatures as low as 850°C if sintering is conducted in an inert gas furnace atmosphere. The process is believed to invoke the same catalytic cycle of reactions as that which is involved in pack carburising. However, in the sintering case only those carbonates which react with carbon to produce alkali metal are effective, and then only if the vapour pressure of the alkali metal is high at the sintering temperature. Both sodium and potassium carbonate are efficient catalysts at 850–950°C. It is necessary to add more carbonate than will theoretically sustain the catalytic cycle within the pores. The excess is required to ensure that there is a net flow of reaction products from the pores, so that furnace gases cannot enter and dilute the carburising pore gases before all the gr...


A modified type of secondary electron monitor useful for the monitoring of low energy electron beams during irradiation is described. Using the window foil at the end of the accelerator as a part of the detector, it is designed to have minimum disturbance on the primary beam. The monitor output is independent of the primary beam energy and proportional to the primary beam current in the range over which the monitor was tested (1.0–1.7 Mev and up to 120 μa).


This study was examined to find out asbestos exposure level the factors which affected the level at asbestos abatement sites. We visited a total of thirteen building demolition sites(3 apartments, 3 schools, 4 stores, and 3 houses) were visited to collect samples and related data from August to November, 2006. The results of this study were as follows 1. The results of an analysis of bulk samples to identify types of asbestos at the asbestos abatement sites showed that the kinds of the asbestos detected were chrysotile by 50.0%, were tremolite by 2.6%, and were the contents of chrysotile by 3 to 20%. 2. The geometric mean concentration of asbestos was 0.007f/cc(range 0.001-0.34 f/cc) and its geometric standard deviation was 5.83. Of the samples, however, 12 exceeded the Korean Occupational Exposure Limit(0.1f/cc). 3. Of the materials, textile material had the highest concentration with geometric mean of 0.016f/cc. When asbestos-containing materials were removed using T type tools, the geometric mean concentration of asbestos was 0.061f/cc. The level by this method was much higher than by other removal methods. In analysis by the type of building, the geometric mean concentration of asbestos in stores was 0.042f/cc and was higher than in other buildings. 4. The Poisson regression analysis was applied to find out the factors that affect the airborne asbestos concentration. As a result of the analysis, removal using a T type tool was the most important factor affecting the asbestos concentration(p<0.01). In conclusion, the airborne asbestos concentration(geometric mean) in asbestos abatement sites was 0.007f/cc(0.001∼0.34f/cc), and 12(14.6%) of all samples were over the 0.1f/cc. These results showed that asbestos abatement workers have been exposed to the high level of airborne asbestos because they have not been keeping asbestos removal rule. In accordance with increases of the number of building demolition sites, the better government regulation on asbestos abatement methods should be made and be performed well at building demolition sites.


This communication is concerned with an experimental study of the permeability of interstitial connective tissue with particular reference to the mode of action of hyaluronidase. It has been suggested that hyaluronidase increases connective tissue permeability by the degradation of a mucopolysaccharide substance present in it (Chain & Duthie, 1940; Duran-Reynals, 1942, 1950). On the other hand, reasons have been given for the belief that the interfibrillary substance, upon which the permeability of the tissue must largely depend, consists predominantly of protein (Day, 1947a, b, 1949). The object of the present study is to resolve this apparent contradiction. The findings to be described suggest that the interfibrillary protein constitutes a net of small mesh in which macromolecules of sufficient size can be impacted, without regard to their precise chemical nature. If the meshes of this net are naturally occupied by molecules of hyaluronic acid, the contradiction is resolved.


Cuba's agriculture after the 1959 revolution had been based on large-scale, capital intensive monoculture, which made Cuba heavily dependent on the socialist bloc for subsidized agrichemical inputs and for set prices of agricultural exports. However, with the collapse of the Soviet Union and its Eastern European allies in 1989–90, Cuba's inputs of fertilizer, pesticides, and petroleum dropped by more than half Cuba responded with a dramatic shift in its agricultural development model that featured appropriate technology, alternative organization of labor, alternative planning, and environmental preservation. Cuban pest control efforts now focus on biological control and on enhanced monitoring and diagnostic techniques. Soil management emphasizes biofertilizers and vermiculture. Minimum tillage and crop rotation are frequent practices among Cuba's independent farmers, agricultural cooperatives, and state farms. The transition to low-input agriculture has decreased the exodus of people from rural areas to cities, and has lead to establishment of lab or camps with volunteer labor and long-term programs for rebuilding rural communities. To address the loss of important food imports while ensuring environmental conservation, agricultural planning now gives priority to crop rotations, city gardens, and introduction of food crops in sugar cane areas.


The reaction of poly(styryl)lithium(PSLi) with hexa-1,3,5-triene (HTX) was studied as a route to diene-functionalized macromonomers. When PSLi was reacted with 1.5 molar equivalents of HTX for 2.5 h at -10°C in toluene, it was found that the diene-functionalized macro-monomer was obtained in high yield; however, oligomerization of the HTX was observed by matrix-assisted laser absorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). Oligomerization was eliminated by running the reaction with only 1.2 molar equivalents of HXT to PSLi and allowing the reaction to run for 15 min at -10°C in toluene. The resulting polymer exhibited high diene chain-end functionality and no oligomerization was observed MALDI-TOF MS. 13 C NMR spectroscopy and the attached-proton test (APT), along with calculated chemical shifts, showed the presence of both the 1,2-and 1,4-addition chain-end structures. Further analysis by the reaction of the functional polymer with maleic anhydride indicated that 18 wt.-% of the product was unreactive, either because of a 1,4-addition chain-end structure or a nonfunctional polymer. The structure of the maleic anhydride-modified polymer was determined by MALDI-TOF MS and 13 C NMR spectroscopy. Preliminary work on the reactivity of the diene-functionalized macro-monomers was performed by the addition of a large excess of PSLi to a solution of macromonomer followed by characterization by size-exclusion chromotography (SEC).


Purpose – The purpose of the study is to determine the most preferred catalogue format – card catalogue or online public access catalogue (OPAC) for searching library material in Oriental languages, i.e. Urdu, Arabic, Persian, Punjabi, Hindi, Sanskrit, Sindhi and Pashto of the Central Library, University of the Punjab, Lahore. It also explores the users' searching behaviour for finding the library material in Oriental languages. Design/methodology/approach – A purposive sample of 100 respondents was chosen for this study. The questionnaire contained both close- and open-ended questions. SPSS (version 11.5) was used for quantitative analysis of data. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used for reaching conclusions. The qualitative data analysis software "X-Sight" was used for analysing the qualitative data. Findings – The study highlights the importance of both types of catalogue. Many of the findings of the study related to the card catalogue and OPAC are surprising when compared to their general...


We have analyzed experimentally the optical power polarization bistability induced in a long-wavelength multitransverse mode vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) under orthogonal optical injection. Bistability with very wide hysteresis cycles is measured for both the fundamental and the high-order transverse mode of the device. The shape of the associated hysteresis cycle is different for each of the two transverse modes. The power of the parallel polarized high-order (fundamental) transverse mode remains constant (gradually decreases) as the injected power is increased. Both powers suddenly drop to low levels at large values of the injected power. The squared shape measured for the I/O characteristic of the high-order transverse mode is of particular interest for obtaining good quality all-optical inversion and all-optical regeneration for use in optical telecommunication networks.


When an individual's experience is discredited and their views silenced in conversation, epistemic injustice ensues, resulting in an ontological attack on the individual's human dignity. I examine how social workers claim to know and construct the facts of clients' experiences, subsequently categorizing them in accordance with professional and institutional knowledge. These constructs may differ from the clients' own experiences, perpetuating epistemic injustice. Elaborating a process of fact construction and categorization in two case examples, I interrogate the inevitable workings of power at multiple levels during assessment. I argue categorization as a site of epistemic injustice serving three functions: permitting dominant discourses to be taken-for-granted and to legitimize professional actions, framing interactional tasks to align with professional and institutional agendas, and enticing clients and workers with activity-bound accountability, obligation, and entitlement. This analysis invites social workers to reflect critically on how to resist epistemic and social injustice in everyday assessment.


Abstract:
Background and aim: The world prevalence of diabetes among adults will be 6.4%, affecting 285 million adults, in year 2010, and will increase to 7.7% and 439 million adults by year 2030. Insulin resistance is a prerequisite root factor for development of type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Adiponectin and resistin are adipokines which modulate insulin action, energy, glucose and lipid homeostasis. Meta-analyses showed that hypoadiponectinemia and hyperresistinemia are strongly associated with increased risk of insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes (T2DM),
Methods: In this case control study, A total 204 Sudanese males and females were recruited to participate in this study (102 diabetic and 102 non-diabetic) and venous blood samples were collected. Serum levels of blood glucose were measured using the particle-enhanced immunoturbidimetric assay method Cobas C-311®.While Adiponectin and Resistine estimated by ELISA Kits.
Results: In this results shows significant difference between the means fasting blood glucose (FBG), adiponectin, resistine of diabetic patient and non-diabetic patient. FBG (mean + SD) (164.5 ± 16.7) versus (95.7 ± 13.6), P = 0.041, adiponectin (mean + SD) (5.9 ± 1.6) versus (10.1 ± 1.3), P = 0.037, resistine (mean + SD) (18.2 ± 2.7) versus (12.2 ± 1.1), P = 0.023.  In this study, observed from this results strong negative Correlation between the levels of serum Adiponectin and Fasting Blood Glucose, Adiponectin and Resistine. (P.value = 0.013, r = -7.9). (P.value = 0.019, r = -6.6). While showing in the other side moderate positive Correlation between the levels of serum Resistine and Fasting Blood Glucose. (P.value = 0.015, r = 6.0).
Conclusion: Iccrease of Resistine and Fasting Blood Glucose and reduced of Adiponectin in diabetic patient compare to non-diabetic patient can be useful as diagnostic biomarkers.
Keywords: Adiponectin and Resistin, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes


The present invention discloses a high silicon aluminum alloy cylinder liner and its preparation method, its weight percent of the alloying elements: Si 17-35%, Mg 0.5-5%, Ti 0.3-1.5%, Mn 1-2%, P or S 0.03-0.3%, RE 0.3-2.5%, Fe 0.3-0.6%, C 0.02-0.3%, the balance being Al, compounded according to the above formulation, after melting, refining refinement, the semi-solid was stirred cold , squeeze casting, T6 heat treatment, the specific steps and honing machining, etc., to obtain a high silicon aluminum alloy cylinder liner, which can effectively avoid the excessive centrifugal casting allowance, easy to produce the phenomenon of oxide inclusions, at the same time, Since the semi-solid casting process rheology, to avoid remelting of the second heating step reduces the complexity of the process, reducing costs, it has great application value.


A counterexample to a transfer result in [5] (Theorem 2.4, Chap. 4) is given. A new result, which provides a reasonable substitute for the disproved one, is proved as well. This result yields, in particular, a transfer theorem for processes whose paths are right-continuous but not necessarily cadlag.


: Shrikhand was thermized in a SSHE based continuous shrikhand thermization machine. The sensory attributes of such thermized shrikhand were studied during refrigerated storage at 8 ± 2 °C. Changes occurred in the titratable acidity, consistency and sensory attributes of the thermized shrikhand during storage were compared with that of unthermized shrikhand taken as control and treated alike except thermization step. It was found that the thermized shrikhand retained the sensory attributes for longer period than control. Thermized shrikhand also found to retain titratable acidity and consistency (Penetrometer Reading) throughout the storage period. Different combinations of TS in chakka thermization Temperature and Scraper Speed were studied as treatments. The combination of 50 rpm and 70 °C thermization temperature was found best for the shrikhand prepared from chakka having 19 ± 2 % TS, while the combination of 35 rpm and 70 °C for 1 minute was found best for the shrikhand prepared from chakka having 23 ± 2 % TS. Shrikhand thermized at optimized process parameters was found to give 45 days of shelf life at 8 ± 2°C.


Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) were initially introduced as antidepressants, and their potential as anxiolytic has been observed in the treatment of social phobia, post-traumatic stress disorder, and generalized anxiety disorder Escitalopram is therapeutically active S-enantiomer of citalopram. It is a commonly prescribed Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI). SSRIs are the latest generated antidepressants having the selective mechanism of action towards 5-Hydroxytryptamine (Serotonin; 5-HT) without affecting any other unwanted effects on other neurotransmitters. Escitalopram is very selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor; it blocks the serotonin transporters without producing any significant effect on other monoamines transporters. Evidences suggest that escitalopram is efficient in the treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD) and generalized anxiety disorders (GAD). The present study was designed to determine the effects of repeated administration of escitalopram on locomotor activity and anxiolytic behavior of animals in animal model. Rats were administered orally with escitalopram (5 mg/kg) daily for 7 days. This study showed anxiolytic activity produced on repeated administration of drug in light dark transition test. As compared to control animals, activity in activity box was higher and activity in open field was smaller in escitalopram administrated animals. These information support clinical discoveries that escitalopram is a powerful, very much endured SSRI with anxiolytic-like impacts.


The equipment requirement demonstration is a multidomain, multidisciplinary, multi-department collaborative process. The alternating relationship among the activities are quite complex, which reduces the efficiency of the participant department. So the new method based on design structure matrix is proposed to improve the collaborative relationship among the process of equipment requirement demonstration. The design structure matrix on the flow of equipment requirement demonstration is defined, and the optimizing process and method based on design structure matrix is analyzed in detail. Finally, an example about the flow of equipment type requirement demonstration is discussed. The result shows that the proposed method based on design structure matrix is practical and effective. Keywords-weapon equipment; requirement demonstration; collaborative optimization; design structure matrix


The analysis of the state of 35–110 kV circuit breakers in the Chernihiv region, which are on the balance sheet of the operator of the distribution system JSC «Chernigivoblenergo», has been carried out. It was shown that the number of circuit breakers that satisfy regulatory documents is only 18.9 % in 35 kV and 2 % in 110 kV power networks. Unfortunately, most of the 35–110 kV circuit breakers in the Chernihiv region are low-oil and bulk-oil type, which required heating during cold meteorological conditions. The article assess the duration of the circuit breakers heating and their drives, depending on the selected set point of the temperature and the averaging interval of the ambient temperature, and the value of technological energy losses. The article considers following ways to reduce technological costs for heating: optimization of the heating control system, replacement of oil circuit breakers with modern vacuum and SF6 circuit breakers, which require lower costs on heating, and applied both above ways. The effectiveness of the above ways was done with apply Net Present Value, which includes not only investments and Net Profit Margin, but also operating costs and Discount Rates. It has been shown that all of the above ways are effective. In particular, the least costly is the modernization of the heating control system, which has payback period is low three years. The payback period for second way to replace all 35–110 kV oil circuit breakers with modern ones at JSC «Chernigivoblenrego» is about 6.5 years, but this way requires large investments. However, this way cannot be done in one year. Therefore effectiveness will be less due to energy losses to operated oil circuit breakers.


The involvement of the left temporal lobe in semantics and object naming has been repeatedly demonstrated in the context of language comprehension; however, its role in the mechanisms and time course for the retrieval of an integrated object memory from its constituent features have not been well delineated. In this study, 19 young adults were presented with two features of an object (e.g., "desert" and "humps") and asked to determine whether these two features were congruent to form a retrieval of a specific object ("camel") or incongruent and formed no retrieval while event-related potentials (ERP) were recorded. Beginning around 750 ms the ERP retrieval and nonretrieval waveforms over the left anterior fronto-temporal region show significance differences, indicating distinct processes for retrievals and nonretrievals. In addition to providing further data implicating the left frontal-anterior temporal region in object memory/retrieval, the results provide insight into the time course of semantic processing related to object memory retrieval in this region. The likely semantic process at 750 ms in this task would be coactivation of feature representations common to the same object. The consistency of this finding suggests that the process is stable across individuals. The potential clinical applications are discussed. (JINS, 2008, 14, 815–822.)


Each year the National Birth Defects Prevention Network (NBDPN) in collaboration with the U.S. National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention provides an annual report with materials to advance the field of birth defects surveillance, epidemiology, and public health practice. The reports comply with provisions of the Birth Defects Prevention Act of 1998 and its subsequent reauthorizations; these publications, first in Teratology, then in Birth Defects Research, Part A, and now in Birth Defects Research, provide researchers and public health professionals with access to an important source of population-based data. The 2019 report includes eight original articles, a review and commentary on the value and challenges of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of structural birth defects, including an upto-date summary of birth defects GWAS research, and a data brief examining the prevalence of abdominal wall defects (focusing on gastroschisis and omphalocele using data pooled from population-based surveillance programs throughout the United States). The brief report also includes supplemental materials: recent prevalence data on major birth defects from 42 population-based programs across the United States and a directory of these programs. The NBDPN continues its commitment to the primary prevention of birth defects and improvement of outcomes for children and families living with birth defects through the use of birth defects surveillance data for research, program planning, and program evaluation. This issue begins with a review and commentary by Lupo et al. examining the history, recent experience and future potential of GWAS for birth defects etiology. Of the eight contributed papers, three focus on coding and classification issues, two are descriptive epidemiology studies, two present the findings of etiologic research, and one uses birth defects registry data in concert with program data to evaluate program participation among potentially eligible preterm infants born with birth defects. Comparing classification of the severity of specific birth defects using a national inpatient database and an active statewide registry is the focus of an exploratory study by Matas et al. Benjamin et al. describe an approach to analyzing co-occurrence of birth defects in registries, which may be of some utility to surveillance programs in the United States and elsewhere. The nationwide shift from ICD-9-CM to ICD-10-CM for reporting diagnosis and procedure codes in hospital records will affect prevalence reports for many birth defects surveillance programs. Salemi et al. examine a national database of newborn discharges to determine the potential effects of this transition on prevalence estimates for common birth defects, and provide a report on their findings. Le et al. examine patterns of birth defects prevalence among two race/ethnic subgroups often overlooked in statelevel analyses using data from the Texas Birth Defects Registry, the largest birth defects surveillance program in the United States. For the period 1999–2015, the prevalence of birth defects among infants born to non-Hispanic Asian/ Pacific Islander and American Indians/Alaska Native mothers was compared to the prevalence among nonHispanic white women, revealing several interesting patterns worthy of further investigation. Another paper using data from the Texas Birth Defects Registry examines the association between change in maternal prepregnancy body mass index between the previous and the index pregnancy and risk for spina bifida (Benjamin et al.). The findings, while not conclusive, suggest that higher BMI in the index pregnancy may increase risk for spina bifida. Two papers utilize additional data linked to birth defects registry records. Ramakrishnan et al. linked Florida birth certificates for cases and controls to ambient air pollution data to examine the association between cadmium levels at the maternal residence during critical windows of development and risk for congenital diaphragmatic hernia, as well as potential effect modification from maternal smoking. Forestieri et al. linked North Carolina Birth Defects Registry data to records from a statewide early intervention program for infants and toddlers to examine patterns of referral and provide useful information to the program concerning its reach. Mai et al. provide the most current national prevalence estimates for major birth defects in the United States during 2010–2014, pooling data from 14 active case-finding programs to create the prevalence estimates and comparing estimates for programs using different case-ascertainment methodologies. Received: 24 September 2019 Accepted: 2 October 2019


Recently, several systems for training staffs for the environmental interpretation are introduced and operated actively. The purpose of this study is to suggest improvements for a persistence and an activation of training systems on staffs for the environmental interpretation through the comparative analysis on operational characteristics of those systems. The results are as follows. First, we investigated how to designate, manage, and support training institutions before and after the process of the certification. Before the certification, they considered educational facilities(hardware), educators(humanware), and curriculum(software) all that is required for training staffs for the environmental interpretation. After the certification, aspects of the management and the support were different by the training system, but most of them were unstructured. Second, we analyzed plans for the quality control of staffs for the environmental interpretation by comparing during and after the training course. During the training course, they graded or evaluated trainees by many methods such as a written exam, an interview, a presentation. Also, they operated the intern course for developing a practice skill, or admitted persons with a similar experience. After the training course, retraining and follow-up support were different by training courses. For the continuous improvement in quality, retraining and follow-up support should be strengthened.


High-quality software, delivered on time and budget, constitutes a critical part of most products and services in modern society. Our government has invested billions of dollars to develop software assets, often to redevelop the same capability many times. Recognizing the waste involved in redeveloping these assets, in 1992 the Department of Defense issued the Software Reuse Initiative. The vision of the Software Reuse Initiative was "To drive the DoD software community from its current "re-invent the software" cycle to a process-driven, domain-specific, architecture-centric, library-based way of constructing software." Twenty years after issuing this initiative, there is evidence of this vision beginning to be realized in nonembedded systems. However, virtually every large embedded system undertaken has incurred large cost and schedule overruns. Investigations into the root cause of these overruns implicates reuse. Why are we seeing improvements in the outcomes of these large scale nonembedded systems and worse outcomes in embedded systems? This question is the foundation for this research. The experiences of the Aerospace industry have led to a number of questions about reuse and how the industry is employing reuse in embedded systems. For example, does reuse in embedded systems yield the same outcomes as in nonembedded systems? Are the outcomes positive? If the outcomes are different, it may indicate that embedded systems should not use data from nonembedded systems for estimation. Are embedded systems using the same development approaches as nonembedded systems? Does the development approach make a difference? If embedded systems develop software differently from nonembedded systems, it may mean that the same processes do not apply to both types of systems.


FIELD: instrumentation. SUBSTANCE: invention relates to built-in pressure regulators. Proposed pressure regulator comprises body with thread for connection to the port of another pressure regulator. Said body has inlet, channel and seat. Besides this regulator incorporates piston mechanism articulated with valve gate. Piston mechanism can slide relative to body to drive valve gate relative to channel and seat for control over fluid flow between the inlet and the other regulator. EFFECT: sealed joint with port of another regulator.


At 7.7 pc, the A-type star Fomalhaut hosts a bright debris disk with multiple radial components. The disk is eccentric and misaligned, strongly suggesting that it is sculpted by interaction with one or more planets. Compact sources are now being detected with JWST, suggesting that new planet detections may be imminent. However, to confirm such sources as companions, common proper motion with the star must be established, as with unprecedented sensitivity comes a high probability that planet candidates are actually background objects. Here, ALMA and Keck observations of Fomalhaut are found to show significant emission at the same sky location as multiple compact sources in JWST MIRI coronagraphic observations, one of which has been dubbed the 'Great Dust Cloud' because it lies within the outer belt. Since the ground-based data were obtained between 6 to 18 years prior to the JWST observations, these compact sources are unlikely to be common proper motion companions to Fomalhaut. More generally, this work illustrates that images collected at a range of wavelengths can be valuable for rejecting planet candidates uncovered via direct imaging with JWST.


In the last few decades car ownershp worldwide has grown at an unprecedented rate. The consequences for urban congestion, global pollution, and depletion of non-renewable energy sources and other environmental impacts could be catastrophic if this trend continues unabated. In developing countries this is exacerbated by many factors including poor traffic management and maintenance of roads and vehicles. Several options for improving environmental conditions exist, among which is the introduction or improvement of mass transit systems. They are generally more efficient than motor cars in terms of energy expended per passenger kilometre and can do much to alleviate city centre congestion. The presentation outlines the contribution that transport makes to the world's environmental problems. It then comments on the policy options available to improve transport efficiency, with particular reference to mass transit improvements, which are discussed in relation to key environmental issues. These include not only pollution and other physical impacts directly affecting human wellbeing, natural ecosystems and global climate, but also socio-economic and urban infrastructure characteristics of less developed countries. (A)


Tobacco plants grown in quartz sand culture at low SO/sub 4/ exhibited characteristic sulfur deficiency symptoms. Statistical analysis of average leaf length revealed highly significant reductions in size due to the low SO/sub 4/. Average length and weight of leaves decreased as SO/sub 4/ levels were increased beyond 96 ppm. Plants grown at low SO/sub 4/ exhibited no marked growth responses but increases in Cl to 280 ppm caused moderate increases in average length and weight of leaf. Inhibitive effects of high Cl on leaf burn were clearly demonstrated while effects of high SO/sub 4/ were not as marked. Chlorine percentage in the leaf was increased to a greater extent that sulfate sulfur by additions of the respective ion to the substrate. Abnormalities in the stem structure were found with low SO/sub 4/. Increased leaf thickness was found at higher concentrations of the Cl and SO/sub 4/ ion. Variations in burn of tobacco leaves could not be explained on the basis of anatomical structure. 21 references, 12 figures, 2 tables.


Professor Valerian Kagan (PhD, 1972, MV Lomonosov Moscow State University; DSci, 1981, USSR, Academy of Sciences, Moscow) is recognized as a Redox Pioneer because he has published 4 articles in the field of redox biology that have been cited > 1000 times and 138 articles in this field have been cited between 100 and 924 times. The central and most important impact of Dr. Kagan's research is in the field of redox lipidomics—a term coined for the first time by Dr. Kagan in 2004—and consequently the definition of signaling pathways by oxidatively modified phospholipids; this acquires further significance considering that oxygenated phospholipids play multifunctional roles as essential signals coordinating metabolism and physiology. Some examples are the selective oxidation of cardiolipin (CL) by a cytochrome c peroxidase activity leading to the activation of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway; the hydroperoxy-arachidonoyl/adrenoyl phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) species, driven by 15-lipoxygenases (15-LOX), as death signals leading to ferroptotic cell death; the regulation of ferroptosis by iNOS/NO (cid:2) in pro-inflammatory conditions by a novel mechanism (realized via interactions of 15-LOX reaction intermediates formed from arachidonoyl phosphatidylethanolamine [PE] species) and Ca 2+ -independent phospholipase A2 (iPLA 2 b ; via elimination of peroxidized PE); the involvement of oxygenated (phospho)lipids in immunosuppression by myeloid cells in the tumor microenvironment; hydrolysis of peroxidized CL by Ca 2+ -independent phospholipase A2 (iPLA 2 c ) leading to pro- and anti-inflammatory signals and lipid mediators. Kagan continues his investigations to decipher the roles of enzyme-linked oxygenated phospholipids. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 36, 813–823. CL, cardiolipin; COX, cyclooxygenases; cyt c, cytochrome c; HXA 3 hepoxilin A3; LOX, lipoxygenases; leukotriene B4; A4;


Abstract Small sample t-test results are reported in the literature that indicate the difference between futures and forward exchange rates are statistically insignificant. Much research draws on this finding, which is in contrast with theory. The evidence presented here suggests this difference does not follow a normal distribution, so the small sample inferences based on the t-tests may be suspect. As appropriate alternatives, nonparametric distribution-free tests are used to reexamine the difference for two sample periods, one covering the 1970s and the other the 1970s and 1980s. A significant divergence is observed for several currencies as well as for a sample of pooled currencies. The results are stronger for samples covering the 1980s. The economic significance of the forward-futures differentials is examined and theoretical justifications are discussed.


Task-level industrial robot programming is a mundane, error-prone activity requiring expertise and skill. Since humans easily communicate with natural language (NL), it may be attractive to use speech or text as instruction means for robots. However, there has to be a substantial amount of knowledge in the system to translate the high-level language instructions to executable robot programs. In this paper, the method of Stenmark and Nugues (2013) for natural language programming of robotized assembly tasks is extended. The core idea of the method is to use a generic semantic parser to produce a set of predicate-argument structures from the input sentences. The algorithm presented here facilitates extraction of more complicated, advanced task instructions involving cardinalities, conditionals, parallelism and constraint-bounded programs, besides plain sequences of commands. The bottleneck of this approach is the availability of easily parametrizable robotic skills and functionalities in the system, rather than the natural language understanding by itself. (Less)


OBJECTIVE
To assess the efficacy of Ketotifen in asthmatic children and to record its adverse effects, if any.

DESIGN
Prospective clinical trial.

SETTING
Pediatric asthma follow up clinic of a teaching hospital.

PARTICIPANTS
23 asthmatic children between 3 and 15 years; 100% completed the trial on full protocol.

INTERVENTIONS
Ketotifen 1mg (adjusted according to body weight, 50 mcg/kg/dose) orally twice daily for 9 months.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES

PRIMARY OUTCOME
Decrease in frequency of asthmatic attacks and severity of exacerbations with improvements in peak expiratory flow rates (PEFR). Other measures included decrease in bronchodilator requirement, steroid doses and parental perception regarding patient quality of life.

RESULTS
34.78% children were symptom free by the end of 2nd 3 months and 65.21% had no further attack by the end of 3rd 3 months of Ketotifen prophylaxis. Those children with activity and sleep 'affected' (8.69%) and 'may be affected' (30.43%) together improved to 'may be affected' group (21.73%) by the end of 2nd 3 months and further reduced to 8.69% by the conclusion of 3rd 3 months. The duration of exacerbations was reduced in the remaining cases. Variability of PEFR decreased from 26.08% to 8.69% of children after the 3rd 3 months of Ketotifen prophylaxis. No significant adverse effect of therapy was observed during the study.

CONCLUSION
Oral Ketotifen is effective and well tolerated for use in prophylactic treatment of bronchial asthma in children.


MERIT, Mission Environmental Requirements Integration Technology, is an interactive environmental database developed by the Air Force Wright Laboratory's Flight Dynamics Directorate (currently the Air Vehicles Directorate of the Air Force Research Laboratory). The purpose of this MS Windows-based application is to quickly and accurately estimate, during the early conceptual design stage, the environments to which stores carried externally on fighter/attack aircraft will be exposed throughout all phases of the life cycle (such as manufacturing, deployment, storage, and operational usage). MERIT is currently used at approximately 75 locations within 25 companies and government agencies. During the development of the MERIT system, many important lessons were learned regarding the creation of environmental databases to support materiel acquisition functions (such as design, test, and maintenance). In this paper, the scope and capabilities of MERIT will be described in more detail. The basis for the lessons le...


RESULTS: From 2001 to 2011, 139 female patients were identified as having sustained fracture(s) of the facial skeleton due to assault. Mean age was 34.61 (range 1–73) years. A total of 202 fractures were recorded and treated. Most common fracture sites were those of the mandible (35.15%), orbit (22.28%), zygoma (15.84%), nasal bone (14.35%), and zygomaticomaxillary complex (7.92%). A Glasgow Coma Scale score was documented for 33 patients, averaging 13.7 (range 7–15). 16 patients were intubated on, or prior to, arrival to the ED. 100 patients required a surgical airway. Intubation in the ED was significantly associated with increased length of stay (P<0.0001). The most common concomitant injuries were facial/scalp lacerations (22.3%), maxillary sinus fracture (8.63%) and skull fracture (8.63%). 106 patients required surgical intervention. Of these, 32 required open reduction and internal fixation, 12 required closed reduction, and 22 underwent both open and closed reductions. 37 patients required soft tissue management and laceration closure. Average hospital length of stay was 5.8 days (range 1–58). 9.23% of the patients were admitted to an intensive care setting, while 90.77% were admitted to this hospital. One patient expired.


Mitochondria are vital organelles for health and performance that display remarkable plasticity, particularly in response to changes in contractile stimuli (Hood et al. 2019). Exercise training increases the abundance of skeletal muscle mitochondria (Holloszy, 1967; Morgan, 1971), as assessed by mitochondrial fractional area, respiration, enzyme activity and protein content, among other measures (Larsen et al. 2012). Given the associations between skeletal muscle mitochondrial content, exercise capacity and health (Holloszy, 1967; Hood et al. 2019), examining the responsiveness of mitochondria to various exercise stimuli is critical for understanding physiological regulation and providing evidence-based exercise prescription in athletic and clinical settings. While the responsiveness of skeletal muscle mitochondria to different exercise stimuli has been addressed in several systematic rodent studies (e.g. Fitts et al. 1975; Hickson, 1981; Dudley et al. 1982), the focus of this


Combined with the research on the route plan of the peacetime military logistics distribution home and abroad, this paper proposes a method to connect genetic algorithm with fuzzy c-means clustering, which firstly clusters the army users with fuzzy math language into several classes according to the distance between the users and the military logistics distribution center, then plans the route with dual objective functions that are time and expense ones by genetic algorithm. Through a case analysis with the method, it proves that the method can decrease the time in a large scale but increase the expense in quite a small scale improving the military effectiveness, which indicates that the method is right and feasible and will provide a new thought for future studies on the problem.


a Department of Crop and Soil Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA b Cereal Crops Research Unit, USDA-ARS, 501 Walnut St., Madison, WI 53705, USA c Department of Agronomy, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA d Department of Plant Science, McGill University, Ste Anne de Bellevue, QC H9X 3V9 Canada e Research Institute for Bioresources, Okayama University, Kurashiki 710-0046, Japan


The afterlives of slavery and colonialism have haunted ruralities in the Costa Chica region of Guerrero, Mexico, during the COVID-19 global pandemic. Engaging with rural geographic scholarship, this commentary unpacks how these afterlives have shaped racialised development, negatively impacting the quality of life of Costa Chica's human and nonhuman life.


Abstract— Several ozone‐biomolecule reactions have previously been shown to generate singlet oxygen in high yields. For some of these orone‐biomolecule reactions, we now show that the apparent singlet‐oxygen yields determined from measurements of 1270 nm chemiluminescence were artifactually elevated by production of gas‐phase singlet oxygen. The gas‐phase singlet oxygen results from the reaction of gas‐phase ozone with biomolecules near the surface of the solution. Through the use of a flow system that excludes air from the reaction chamber, accurate singlet‐oxygen yields can be obtained. The revised singlet‐oxygen yields (mol 1O2 per mol O3) for the reactions of ozone with cysteine, reduced glutathione, NADH, NADPH, human albumin, methionine, uric acid and oxidized glutathione are 0.23 ± 0.02, 0.26 ± 0.02, 0.48 ± 0.04, 0.41 ± 0.01, 0.53 ± 0.06, 1.11 ± 0.04, 0.73 ± 0.05 and 0.75 ± 0.01, respectively. These revised singlet‐oxygen yields are still substantial.


Through all previous earthquake damage investigation,it pointed out bridge structure life line engineering damage had large influences on disaster relief behavior and resuming after disaster.Various situations of bridge earthquake damage were generalized;the existing seismic design concept was discussed so as to guide bridge structure seismic design works.


In a traffic accident, a motorcyclist crashed into a van (figure 1A). The biker lay on the street, parallel to the van's rear bumper. We noticed a dome-shaped, baseball-sized deformation of his right flank. The patient was conscious and haemodynamically compensated upon arrival of our trauma team.

Figure 1
(A) Overview of the accident …


The calculations of the bucket of a belt elevator for two working cases are presented - at the moment of scooping up the load by the bucket and at the moment of transporting the load into the vertical direction. A 3D model of the bucket was developed in the SolidWorks software package. The calculations of strength and stiffness of the bucket were performed. A comparative analysis of one size range of a bucket with different thicknesses of its walls is carried out.


Single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) samples contain a variety of distinct structural species labeled by (n,m) indices. Nearly all of these are helical structures that can exist as left-handed or right-handed optical isomers. Although SWCNT growth processes give equal (racemic) mixtures of these enantiomers, recently developed separation methods can now provide samples with high optical purity. We report quantitative circular dichroism measurements on both enantiomers of five different semiconducting (n,m) species: (6,4), (7,3), (6,5), (8,3), and (8,4), plus one enantiomer of (7,5). The sorted samples were prepared by nonlinear density gradient ultracentrifugation. Helicities are deduced from the signs of circular dichroism (CD) signals at the E22 transition, with guidance from theoretical modeling. For each species, circular dichroism and absorption spectra are compared at the E22 peak to obtain ellipticities normalized to absorbance. The normalized ellipticities show no apparent correlation with SWCNT roll-up angle but decrease smoothly with increasing diameter. These findings represent the first results on structure-dependent nanotube chiroptical properties.


A simple formula is derived for the moment of inertia of a structural section consisting of three or more areas evenly spaced along a circular perimeter. The result is independent of the axis of orientation and the number of areas. For a finite number of areas, elements of the calculus of finite differences are used to sum the second moments of the areas and differential calculus is used to confirm the limiting case.


The technology which is becoming promising today for the implementation of optical communication with high volume, quality and multipurpose reliability with simplify network control is Optical code division multiple access (OCDMA). It is secure and easy to intercept because it is coded as compared to the other networks nature. But for the security Photonic layer has become an issue. The attackers move at the Physical Layer of the network for communication of the data and the communication is disturbed by the jammers. So, the security can be increased by OCDMA network through jamming the signals. OCDMA transmission is interrupted by the high-power jammer easily through transmitting waveband of authorized user. The effect of jammers can be alleviated by using anti jammer techniques which follows through the wavelength-conversion. An OCDMA network simulation can be through the wavelength- converter and transmission is secured in-spite of high jammers.


In 1989 the Swedish Building Code was revised. The traditional codes presenting technical solutions were replaced by a Planning and Building Act and Regulations for New Construction. The classification of activity in a building determines the designation of the building with respect to what fire regulations are applicable. The connection between the activity and the evacuation capability of the occupants should be examined, so that more consideration can be given to occupants when safety levels are set. Dwellings for the elderly are chosen as examples of buildings presenting definition problems with regard to safety provisions. If the activity is clearly classed as either housing or care, then there is no uncertainty about the designation. Problems will arise when the safety level is to be adjusted to all intermediate forms between residential and institutional premises. Use of a rating system for evacuation capability devised within a study of safety measures required in dwellings for the elderly makes it possible to adjust the safety level to the residents' evacuation capability. A proposal for the definition of residential buildings, care and housing units and hospital premises with respect to fire safety provisions is presented, as is a draft of safety features to be recommended in care housing.


The Waterlogging disasters which triggered by strong rainfall are frequent in Nanning.Based on the data of meso-scale automatic weather stations and manual observation,the critical precipitation leading waterlog is analyzed the wind distribution and the trigger mechanism are studied by using the sounding data.The useful conclusions are provided to reference for accurate forecasting of rainstorms caused waterlog and disaster defense.


Background. A case of disseminated mediastinal carcinoma probably of thymic origin is reported in a 5‐year‐old boy with an anterior mediastinal mass associated with superior vena cava obstruction, tracheal deviation, right malignant pleural effusion, and evidence of bone metastasis. The diagnosis was based on findings of radio‐logic localization, light and electron microscopic study, and immunohistochemistry. The patient received combination chemotherapy but died of progressive disease.


In the past twenty years,the researchers in Fujian paid special attention not only to sorting and collating documents of Chinese traditional opera,but also interpreting the classical authors and works,digging into cultural connotation and art theory of opera.Meanwhile,the development,dissemination and comparative studies of local opera in Fujian have also been in a heated discussion.


Paradilepis diminuta sp. n. (Cestoda: Dilepididae) is described from the roseate spoonbill Ajaia ajaja (Allen 1942) from the Texas Gulf coast. Paradilepis diminuta resembles P. transfuga (Krabbe 1869) Baer and Bona 1960, and P. brevis Burt 1940. Paradilepis diminuta differs from P. transfuga by having larger hooks and cirrus sac, and being craspedote. It differs from P. brevis by having smaller hooks and a larger cirrus sac. Also reported are the cestode Cyclustera capito Rudolphi 1819, and two nema- todes, Cosmocephalus obvelatus (Creplin 1825) and Capillaria sp. The roseate spoonbill, Ajaia ajaja, ranges from Florida through the Texas Gulf coast southward to Chile and Argentina. Although conservation efforts have stimulated increases in its population, this species is still uncom- mon throughout most of its range and few ac- counts of its helminth fauna have been pub- lished. Our study reports nematodes and cestodes recovered from two specimens of Ajaia ajaja. The hosts were collected on the Intercoastal


Gold nanorods (Au NRs) are synthesized and doped into titanium dioxide (TiO2) buffer layer of polymer solar cells based on low bandgap polymer semiconductor, and the photovoltaic properties of devices doping with different amount of Au NRs are measured and investigated. Enhanced light trapping has been realized through localized surface plasmon resonance and scattering effect of Au NRs, resulting in improved short circuit current density (Jsc) while maintaining the corresponding open-circuit voltage (Voc). Also, higher electrical conductivity of TiO2 layer has been obtained owing to introduction of high-conductivity Au NRs, which contributes to the improved Jsc as well. The maximum power conversion efficiency of 6.72% is obtained while introducing 1.5 wt. % Au NRs into the TiO2, leading to a 15.5% enhancement compared with the control devices.


We previously localized β3‐adrenergic receptors immunohistochemically in human gastrointestinal smooth muscle and incidently found a population of human pancreatic islet cells and duodenal epithelial neuroendocrine cells that also expressed β3‐adrenergic receptors.


The starting characteristics changes of HID lamps in different stage of their lifetime are statistically examined.The requirement to the amplitude and lasting time for the ignition voltage of the electronic ballasts are considered for the change.The mechanism for the starting difficulty of the aged high power HID lamps is investigated.The pulse and resonant ignition circuits are introduced and experimentally compared in starting the aged lamps.A frequency sweep circuit,in which the drive frequency varies continuously within a specific range,is designed to achieve resonance of the electronic ballast's output LC network.The generated high voltage output of continuous waveform with the peak value nearly 4 kV presents a reliable starting of the HID lamps,thereby the starting problem of the aged lamps can be solved.


There are approximately 2.7 million Muslims in the UK, constituting 4.8% of the population. It is estimated that 325 000 UK Muslims have diabetes. Whilst dietary practices of Muslims with diabetes have been explored, little work has described the beliefs and decisions to fast during Ramadan, whereby Muslims with diabetes refrain from eating, drinking and taking medication between sunrise and sunset.


Background: The Family Planning service program is one of the choices made to regulate or limit the number of children they have. The pill is the most modern contraceptive method or method used in Indonesia after birth control. The selection of family planning devices based on information received found that less than half (44%) of users of modern contraceptive devices or methods said that they were told about the side effects or problems of the contraceptive devices or methods used (1).
Objective: The purpose of this study was to identify and identify differences in menstrual patterns between birth control pills and injectors.
Research Methods: This study is a comparative study with cross sectional design, sampling using purposive sampling on the acceptor of birth control pills and injections in PMB Herowati. Consists of two groups, pill acceptors and injection acceptors. Retrieval of data using a menstrual pattern questionnaire sheet for each pill and injection acceptor. Data analysis using chi square test.
Results: Chi square test results on each pill acceptor and injector acceptor are p table <p value (0.36 <0.05), this means that Ho is rejected and Ha is accepted, which means that there are differences in menstrual patterns between the use of pill contraception and injection contraception.
Conclusions: From the results of the above research it can be concluded that regular menstrual patterns if consuming contraception is appropriate and routine the way it is used.


The article analyzes the ways of expressing into Russian Macedonian phrasal units and culturological lacunas existing due to the absence of certain realities along with words describing them in Russian culture. Semantic and pragmatic aspects are to be taken into consideration to translate the words and phrases reproducing the essential background, cultural information. Different cultural-language competence of interlocutors demands variable adaptations so that readers/viewers understand a translated text well.


The Zeroviolenza ONLUS association was created in 2008 to make the way women are presented in the media a matter of public debate, and to give media publishers direct feedback on the way they portray women and report gender issues. Early in 2009 it launched the zeroviolenzadonne.it website, which published a daily press review of articles on all forms of violence and discrimination due to gender or sexual orientation.


Abstract We have applied the chemical tagging technique to study three old Open Clusters (NGC2632/Praesepe, NGC752 and NGC1817) by using our own spectral analysis code.


The atomic geometry of the Al(111)-(&3 X &3)R 30'-structure formed by adsorption of Na on Al(111) at room temperature has been determined by analysis of extensive low-energy electron-diffraction (LEED) measurements. It is shown conclusively that Na atoms occupy a sixfold-coordinate site formed by displacing every third Al atom in the first layer of the substrate. This confirms the results of a recent study by surface extended x-ray-absorption fine structure.


Market demand and service credit are dynamically changing. However,there hasn't been a unified and reliable service system. The paper proposes a reliable composite service recommendation model based on third-party supervision. A third-party mechanism is brought in to supervise and administrate the establishment of service library and to monitor the dynamic changes of quality of service; a reliable service composition platform is established to select services,recommend best service composition and perform other functions; taking the process flow of some manufacturing as an example,the paper compares the cost of works using the model and without using the model through a case of service composition optimization based on workflow scheduling,which also verifies the feasibility and superiority of the proposed recommendation model.


The discussion delineates factors associated with various types of migration and their positive or negative influence on health and summarizes some of the available information on the health status of migrants. The emphasis is on subgroups vulnerable to certain conditions: single males women children the aged and refugees. Where appropriate specific disease categories (infectious nutritional mental health occupational and chronic illnesses) are discussed and illness in the migrant group itself is considered along with their role in transmission of disease. The paper also reviews the methodological problems of data collection and analysis which confound the majority of studies in the field. The problems of data collection and analysis include lack of standard definitions the reluctance of some classes of migrants to be enumerated and difficulties and costs involved in identifying urban migrant populations. Data are lacking or deficient particularly with respect to migrant flows in developing countries. Health surveys which identify migrant status or which are specifically directed at groups of migrants have provided a richer source of information than have routine statistics. Yet problems in data collection and interpretation persist. The problems of data collection on migrant health are most severe in developing countries. Analysis of migrant health can be a valuable epidemiological tool. The study of illness patterns among migrants as compared to populations of origin and destination provides information on the relative importance of environmental genetic behavioral and social factors in the etiology and natural history of diseases. Aspects of migration which may influence health are identified. Positive effects on health may result from improvements in socioeconomic status increased potential for education access to health care and social services and escape from political threat natural disasters or famine. Negative health effects can be due to: a decline or lack of improvement in socioeconomic status; high density living conditions and poor environmental sanitation; changes in nutrition; mental stress; exposure to new occupational hazards; recrudescence of previous illnesses especially tuberculosis; and poor access to local health and social services. Reproductive and family planning issues represent an important aspect of womens health. Considerable evidence exists that the fertility of migrant women who arrive before or during childbearing years begins to conform to the patterns (generally favoring lower fertility) of their new place of residence and that these changes occur more rapidly with rising socioeconomic status and greater assimilation. Strategies to deal with the complex issues associated with migration and health include: community based surveys to identify social economic and health needs of migrants in specific countries and to delineate specific obstacles to care; the development of services designed specifically for migrants; and the utilization of health education and self help groups.


Reflectance prediction model for variable dot-size ink jet presswork was studied based on Clapper-Yule model.At first,variable drop size and the FM screening form of Clapper-Yule model were introduced;then,Clapper-Yule model was extended using the change of ink film thickness and FM screening dot,which were caused by drop change;at last,the extended Clapper-Yule model with ink drop size was established.The advantage of the model was validated with simulation.


Taxonomy and nomenclature of six Nervilia species occurring in the Flora Zambesiaca area are revised. Lectotypes or neotypes are selected for all relevant taxa from Africa. The new species N. gassneri is described and the new combination N. kotschyi var. purpurata is made. One widespread African species previously mostly known under the names N. humilis and N. reniformis is shown to be conspecific with the widespread Asian and Australien species N. crociformis.


Arterial blood samples were studied for hematocrit, oxygen saturation, PaO2 acid base balance, glucose, pyruvate, lactate, excess lactate, citrate, α-ketoglutarate, malate, acetyl coenzyme A and adenosine triphosphate in adult patients anesthetized with ether or halothane-nitrous-oxideoxygen. All types of operations except cardiovascular, neurological and obstetrical were included. No deviations from standard anesthetic or fluid replacement methods were employed except the substitution of saline for dextrose solutions. There was no evidence of shock in any case. Significant variation between anesthetic agents occurred in only 3 parameters. End of operation samples showed levels of total lactate, pyruvate and excess lactate consistently higher with ether than with halothane-nitrous-oxide-oxygen. Total acid increase was also greater with ether. Blood levels of acetyl coenzyme A and the three acids of the tricarboxylic acid cycle were not influenced by type of anesthetic agent or the presence or absence of excess lactate. Lactate levels over 3 mEq./liter were associated with decreased blood levels of adenosine triphosphate, an effect more marked with ether than halothane. One possible explanation for higher lactate levels with ether is based on the sympathomimetic action of the agent A second, hypothetical explanation, suggests a depressant effect of ether on the intramitochondrial electron transport chain or the shuttle systems for transfer of reducing equivalents across the milochondrial membrane.


Report presents the essence, structure and content of the new academic curriculum of major Geodesy at the Faculty of Geodesy at the University of Architecture, Civil Engineering and Geodesy (UACEG) Sofia, developed in conjunction with the new state requirements for acquiring higher education degree Master of Science in majors of the regulated profession Engineer in Geodesy, Cartography and Cadastre in professional field Architecture, construction and geodesy, Decree No 303 of November 9, 2015. It emphasizes the main challenges facing the academic curriculum in terms of recent trends in higher education in EU.