The most interesting material and the core of the monograph comes from a survey conducted in three Trinidad constituencies in November-December 1964. The three constituencies were chosen from opposite ends of the political spectrum and from the middle: Laventille 93-5 per cent P.N.M. in the 1961 election with the largest P.N.M. majority in the country, Naparima 77'5 per cent D.L.P. which meant the largest D.L.P. majority of the election, and Fyzabad where 49'4 per cent of the vote went to the D.L.P. and 48'4 per cent to the P.N.M. making the most marginal seat. By acceptable sampling procedures Mr. Bahadoorsingh ended up with 400 interviews. The ns of his tables fluctuate constantly, depending on whether a particular item under consideration was answered or not, but generally the 400 interviews means we are looking at about 210 Indians and about 160 Negroes. When Mr. Bahadoorsingh sets up threevariable tables (constituency, party support, and some demographic variable) the number of individuals in any cell is very small, too small to sustain the argument he rests upon the statistics, even though the argument is sensible, plausible, and no doubt often absolutely correct. Race is the dominant fact of Trinidad political life. Of the 215 Indians in the sample, 206 voted D.L.P. in 1961 and only 9 voted P.N.M., whilst of the 167 Negroes in the sample 154 voted P.N.M. and 13 D.L.P. Thus we have only 22 individuals whose deviance makes them interesting. When the sample is divided into constituencies, we have only 16 Indians in Lavantille, and so Mr.


Thermodynamic properties and radial distribution functions for liquid chloroform were calculated using the Monte Carlo method implemented with Metropolis algorithm in the NpT ensemble at 298 K and 1 atm. A five site model was developed to represent the chloroform molecules. A force field composed by Lennard-Jones and Coulomb potential functions was used to calculate the intermolecular energy. The partial charges needed to represent the Coulombic interactions were obtained from quantum chemical ab initio calculations. The Lennard-Jones parameters were adjusted to reproduce experimental values for density and enthalpy of vaporization for pure liquid. All thermodynamic results are in excelent agreement with experimental data. The correlation functions calculated are in good accordance with theoretical results avaliable in the literature. The free energy for solvating one chloroform molecule into its own liquid at 298 K and 1 atm was computed as an additional test of the potential model. The result obtained compares well with the experimental value. The medium effects on cis/trans convertion of a hypotetical solute in water TIP4P and chloroform solvents were also accomplished. The results obtained from this investigation are in agreement with estimates of the continuous theory of solvation.


Working in Indigenous communities evokes thoughts about appropriate research methodologies. The default to academic methodologies raises questions about what Indigenous research methodologies might look like. Although there is growing discourse on this subject, I often wonder why Indigenous methodologies still tend to follow Western academic approaches. In this paper, I explore possibilities for alternative ways of understanding Indigenous research methodologies that are aligned with Indigenous practices. I argue that when research is conducted according to the ways and worldview of a particular Indigenous group, the researcher will find themselves practising the laws of that society, as many legal principles are exhibited through the manner in which a person walks in the world. Legal research specifically invites and encourages researchers to work in accordance with the very principles being learned. A methodology arising from a particular worldview and the legal order that it entails will promote practices long entrenched in its communities. Walking in such a manner allows a person to break free from traditional Western methodologies and begin to see the world through the cyclical movements of Indigenous knowledge and practice.


PURPOSE: To carry out accurately and easily positioning of a correcting weight during a balancing process by detecting the size of a disk part using detecting means connected with an electric measuring apparatus, storing the detected value, and evaluating the measured value obtained during the unbalance measuring operation. CONSTITUTION: A detection lever 2 which can be expanded and contracted and rotated is connected with a position detector 5 and after the rim part of a wheel is detected and stored, an unbalance measuring operation is carried out and then positioning of a correcting weight is carried out in a re-finding mode. The rim part detection is carried out for correcting faces El, E2 and the displacement of the gravity center S is position detected 5 by using the lever 2 having a reference weight 1 and displayed 6. Moreover, a measurement evaluating apparatus 15 evaluates the data during the unbalance measuring operation and specifies the positioning radius of the correcting weight. In the re-finding mode, the detection terminal 3 approaches the rim and when the gravity center S reaches the correcting face E1, sound signals are generated and at the same time interval zero is displayed 8. A maintenance mechanism 4 presses an adhesive type correcting weight to the rim and the detection lever 2 is turned back. COPYRIGHT: (C)1994,JPO


Approaches to the interpretation of miracle stories in Mark 8-10 Research on the miracle stories in Mark 8-10 and their role in this Gospel is discussed. The mythological, religious-historical, form-historical, Biblical-theological, redaction-historical, socio- logical, literary-critical, the research of Van der Loos and Brown, salvation-historical and revelation-historical research are discussed. Research shows that the kingdom of God, a paradoxal Christology and discipleship play an important role in the miracles and miracle stories in the Gospel of Mark. Miracles form an integral part of the gospel and ministry of Jesus. They serve to support the teaching of Jesus.


The present report describes medicinal uses of mang roves of coringa wild life sanctuary used by the l ocal people of coringa village, East Godavari district, Andhra Pra desh, India. Information collected through a survey of seven plant species used for various ailments, aches and disord ers with their botanical name, family name, vernacu lar name, habit and mode of administration have been enumerated.


The antenna is a component used to transmit or receive electric waves in a wireless communicating system. At the transmitting terminal its primary function is to change electrical current of high frequency transmitted by transmitter or, transmission line into a wireless wave and transmit it into space; at the receiving terminal it changes the energy of the wireless wave into electrical current. Then, we can regard antenna as transforming equipment between conducting waves and radiate waves. The antenna has an important influence on the normal working of wireless communication, broadcasting, orientation and telemetry system. The antenna has influence on EMC just as important as that which it has on communication. In EMC emission measurements, EMI testing and EMS testing included; the antenna acts as the receiving component and the transmitting component separately. The antenna is the important equipment that receives the energy of radiation and it also is the important equipment that sends electromagnetic signals to the object that being tested. Thus, if there is no antenna, we cannot go on with our EMC testing. Any antenna has some characteristic parameters, which can be used to estimate this antenna's performance. These characteristic parameters include antenna impedance, directional property, antenna gain, posture, and the polarization characteristic, which determine that an antenna is fine and the area that it can be used in. So, these characteristic parameters have a great influence on the measuring result and the area it is used in. As every worker of EMC testing knows, it is very difficult to measure an antenna's characteristic parameters, some of which are not even measured by the current method. Some people try to measure them, but it takes much time and labor testing with conventional testing methods (i.e. testing by hand). What's more, it is easy to introduce testing errors. With the development of computers and the emergence of advanced testing equipment, it is necessary and possible to design a convenient automatic testing system for the antenna performance.


Acidic ammonothermal method is one of the most promising techniques which enable the mass production of large diameter bulk GaN crystal. State-of-the-art high-power light-emitting diodes and laser diodes are usually fabricated on GaN substrates grown by hydride vapor phase epitaxy. However, to realize vertically conducting high-power GaN switching devices, bowing-free large-diameter GaN substrates are essential, because the size of such devices is much larger than that of optical devices. Our group has been studying the characteristics of supercritical NH3 using ammonium halides as mineralizers, and succeeded in growing GaN. The crystal quality and the growth rate strongly depend on mineralizer species. We have also studied the dependence on temperature and pressure, and found it possible to achieve the growth rate faster than 1000μm/day in the optimum growth condition. Based on these studies and optimization, we have successfully demonstrated high speed bulk GaN growth at the pressure condition at 100MPa.


This paper started from the needs of the field investigation business in the water and soil conservation; on the basis of existing hardware product technical performance,software development platform technology architecture,and economic analysis; referred to the other existing field investigation system's advantages and disadvantages and put forward a set of water and soil conservation field investigation system solution foothold reality. The system exploits C / S architecture,includes the PDA field acquisition system,the Tablet PC field acquisition system and the Data integration management system,with the help of the system,the key technical requirements of the water and soil conservation field investigation can be easily realized. The system has advantages in the multi-source data acquisition,integration,management,business process control and optimization.


The present work is a case study which investigates the comprehension of Primary Metaphors in German as a foreign language. Assuming that the Primary Metaphors are potentially universal, it was aimed to analyze the comprehension of five metaphors in the foreign language from the linguistic actualization elaborated by the learner, as well as verify if the second language learner compares the linguistic instantiations in German with the linguistic instantiation in Portuguese. The results corroborated the assumption that the researched metaphors can be potentially universal.


Our rapid economic development expands the sustained demand on timber. We ranked the second largest timber importer to the United States in the world as a result of our shortage in timber resources and domestic protection project of natural forests. Heavy import not only has an impact on the environment loading capacity, but also influences our environment image of sustainable development in the world. Being the main part of the whole eco-system of the land, forest plays a vital role in human's sustainable development. Our import scale, volume and forest trade on the basis of sustainable development will be closely connected with both the development and the utilization of the World forest and global environment loading capacity. This paper discusses the relationship between timber trade and environment protection, analyzes the impact of timber trade on environment. Measurements are put forward accordingly with an aim of promoting the coordinated development between timber trade and environment protection.


Abstract : The report reviews the application of applied fracture mechanics in the design, analysis and qualification of aircraft structural systems. Recent service experiences are cited. Current trends in high strength materials application are reviewed with particular emphasis on the manner in which fracture toughness and structural efficiency may affect the material selection process. General fracture control procedures are reviewed in depth with specific reference to the impact of inspectability, structural arrangement and material on proposed analysis requirements for safe crack growth. The relative impact on allowable design stress is indicated by example. Design criteria, material and analysis requirements for implementation of fracture control procedures are reviewed together with limitation in current available data techniques. A summary of items which require further study and attention is presented.


Abstract. In order to optimize ultra-small gradient-index (GRIN) fiber probes and provide a theoretical prediction for the fabrication of such probes with high performance, focusing performance of the GRIN fiber probe is further analyzed based on the optical characteristic parameters. According to the optical model of the GRIN fiber probe and its mathematical expressions of characteristic parameters, the three-dimensional (3-D) function diagram is used for analyzing the impact of the lengths of probe components on the characteristic parameters. Partial derivatives of the mathematical expressions of characteristics are derived to analyze the mutation of focusing performance caused by the different lengths of probe components. According to the analytical results, our predictions suggest that focusing performance could be reflected through the 3-D function diagram between the characteristic parameters and the continuous change of the lengths of probe components. In addition, mutation occurs in the focusing performance of the GRIN fiber probe when the length of probe components changes. The research results are of practical guiding significance for the fabrication of GRIN fiber probes requiring specific optical focusing performance.


Cyphonautes larvae of a bryozoan, Membranipora membranacea, used several ciliary mechanisms to capture algal cells upstream from the lateral band of cilia that produces a feeding current. (1) Lateral cilia changed beat and a backcurrent occurred at the time and place that particles were retained. (2) Algal cells were sieved and held stationary at the upstream (frontal) side of a row of laterofrontal cilia that were not beating. (3) Localized extension of cilia toward the inhalant chamber, coincident with particle captures, indicated that laterofrontal cilia flick toward the inhalant chamber. These flicks may aid transport of captured particles toward the mouth. Thus my earlier report that larvae only sieve, in contrast to the adults (which have an active ciliary response) was in error. The similar ciliary bands in adult and larval bryozoans and in other lophophorates (brachiopods, and phoronids) suggest that these animals share a core repertoire of ciliary behaviours in the capture and concentration of suspended food particles.


Due to the hand biomechanical constrains and coordinate manner of motor control, single one joint is difficult to move independently. The aim of this paper is to have an analysis on the joint independence of hand and wrist. At first, a grasp experiment under the tolerance grasping was completed, and the hand and wrist joint angles in different grasping postures were recorded for representing the functionality of human hand. Moreover, based on the recorded postures, the characteristics of each joint were analyzed from correlation and adaptability, for representing the joint inter-joint characteristic and self-characteristic, respectively. In this case, the joint independence was quantified through the joint independence-correlation and independence-adaptability. The quantified joint independence results show that the thumb, index finger and pinky had the highest independence from the view of finger, while from the joint view, the joint independence from high to low were: wrist, metacarpo-phalangeal (MCP), proximal interphalangeal (PIP) and abduction/adduction (ABD). Finally, based on the quantified joint independence, a preliminary actuation configuration was proposed.


One of the main objectives of this work was to study the effects of land use on soil carbon, total and extractable SOM and the properties of humic substances. Soil samples were collected in western and central Lithuania and represented Albeluvisol and Cambisol. Total C contents as well as C / N in the soil samples were determined by a dry combustion method using an automatic Vario EL III analyzer. Extractable SOM was measured using sodium pyrophosphate solution and hot water for the extraction procedure. Humic acids were investigated by the methods of gel permeation chromatography and absorption spectroscopy in UV / VIS and IR regions. Experimental evidence suggests that land use conversion had both positive and negative effects on soil total and extractable carbon and SOM. In Albeluvisols, grassland soil was found to contain by 0.2–0.6 g kg –1 more C compared to fallow land (1–1.5 years old). In Cambisols, long-term pasture soil was found to contain by 2.4 g kg –1 more C compared to arable land (16 years) converted from pasture. Results of humic acid analyses by gel chromatography showed a high molecular weight and polydispersity of humic acids. The highest content of humic acids in HWE as well as a high content (29%) of macromolecules with the molecular weight more than 100,000, and the lowest C / N ratio (10.3) were determined in long-term pasture soil.


: Influences of storage and cultivar on vacuum microwave-dried (VMD) potato chip quality were investigated. Tubers of several cultivars were stored at 12 °C for 0 to 4 mo, or at 4 °C for 5 to 10 mo, followed by reconditioning at 12 °C for 2 wk. Blanched potato slices (2.5 to 3.0 mm thick) were vacuum microwave-dried to produce fat-free potato chips. Chips were assessed by instrumental and sensory methods for texture and instrumentally for color. Tuber composition influenced chip texture but not color. Less breaking force was required for chips produced from cultivars with low specific gravity and starch contents. Tubers stored for up to 10 mo yielded chips of good quality.


The article presents the results of data analysis for the construction of a geological model of the Verkhnekamskoye Deposit of potassium - magnesium salts in the mines of the Solikamsk site. It is assumed that the development of the model will calculate the expected volume of host rocks in the planning of mining, set in the vertical plane of the position of the combine relative to the roof of the formation at the intersection of folds. The strength characteristics of the layers obtained from the model should be the input data for the calculation of the development parameters in the planning of mining operations. The simulation results are used to assess the expected risks in the process of mine development, and in solving many other problems. Primary information on deep wells and wells drilled from mine workings is not enough to build a reliable model to help solve the previously listed and many other problems. The authors have developed software modules for the geological service, allowing to replenish the database with a vector image of the boundaries of the layers and layers of the preparatory and cleaning workings. The modules are based on processing field geological sketches for both scanner and digitizer technology. In the developed programs, standardized reference books of breeds and accepted stratigraphic division of the stratum are sewn up. The use of such information will significantly clarify and detail the model in the strata of industrial formations. It has been established that the variability of hypsometry of industrial seams is an order of magnitude greater than the variability of their thickness. A significant difference in power and altitude fluctuations will affect the model construction technique. The program modules developed for geologists are integrated into the corporate mountain-geological information system of PJSC Uralkali. This system is created on the initiative and with the direct participation of the authors.


The concept of "natural language edit controls" (NLECs) is introduced. NLECs are special-purpose devices within graphical user interfaces (GUIs) for inputting part of a user's query in natural language which, when combined with other GUI controls for inputting the remainder of the query, can be used to build the most effective interface for a particular application. NLECs require less grammatical and lexical information than the equivalent component of a traditional natural language interface; hence their customization and maintenance costs tend to be lower.


Purpose – To evaluate mild steel corrosion using a new surfactant‐inhibition model which was derived, in part, from the concept of intermolecular energy and molecular separation distance.Design/methodology/approach – A Gamry potentiostat was used for polarization resistance tests to determine corrosion rate and the level of adsorption of surfactant at the solution‐metal interface was determined using UV‐spectroscopy. The relationship between inhibition and surfactant adsorption as well as metal corrosion was investigated using a traditional surfactant‐inhibition model, which assumes inhibition is directly proportional to surfactant coverage and new model.Findings – The comparison of adsorption data and corrosion inhibition data shows inhibition was not directly proportional to physical coverage as assumed by the traditional inhibition model. Instead, it was found that coverage was related to inhibition through a power‐law dependency that is similar to that used to determine molecular interaction energies....


Larval instars and adult sexes of Chlorops oryzae are distinguished by the characters of the posterior spiracles and external genitalia, respectively. These differences are easily visible under a binocular microscope at low magnification (15×).


An electromagnetic device, consisting of a pair of permanent magnets and a non-magnetic coil, has shown its linear advantages for inducing parametric stiffness excitation in the laboratory. The electromagnetic device powered by a DC coil current acts like a mechanical spring with constant stiffness. The effects of design parameters upon the electromagnetic stiffness and its linear operating range (referred as the stiffness characteristics) are important and crucial for the design and usage of the device. Thus, a numerical method, based upon the commercial finite element method (FEM) package ANSYS/Emag, was presented for analyzing the stiffness characteristics of the device with DC coil current. The theory foundation for computing the electromagnetic force using FEM was derived and the program realization in ANSYS was introduced briefly. Two typical examples were chosen to verify the accuracy of the numerical analysis method. Based upon these, the restoring force characteristics of the electromagnetic device with various DC coil currents were obtained utilizing the numerical method. Two important indicators (proportional coefficient between linear stiffness and coil current and linear range of the stiffness) were defined for measuring the stiffness characteristics of the electromagnetic device. Then, the effects of the design parameters (both the electromagnetic and structural parameters) on the two indicators were investigated, respectively. The research results provide useful references for the stiffness design of the electromagnetic device in actual practice.


Examination of sustaining units, dimming units, and motion detectors under stimulus conditions associated with defense reflex habituation revealed that only the motion detectors exhibit a response decrement with stimulus repetition. Motion detector habituation was specific to the retinal locus of the repetitive stimulus and thus can provide a basis for the spatially specific component of defense reflex habituation. When stimulated at low repetition rates (2--4 min) the motion detectors exhibited a time course of habituation and spontaneous recovery similar to that observed behaviorally. At high repetition rates (20/mm) the motion detectors exhibited a more rapid rate of habituation than was observed for the defense reflex. Simultaneous recordings of motion detector and cheliped levatory muscle activity revealed consistently significant and frequently substantial positive correlations. Both defense reflex and motion detector habituation were transiently reversed by treatment with the GABA antagonist, picrotoxin (1.8 2.8 mg kg body weight). The action of picrotoxin is likely to be mediated via mechanisms controlling the general level of arousal. It was concluded that the response variations of motion detectors subjected to repetitive stimuli contribute to the habituation of the visually evoked defense refle.


The paper presents selected methods for improving the accuracy of classification of headlights and taillights of the vehicles. The methods include analyzing blob properties and locations of the detections. A new feature for describing binary blob shape has been proposed. Moreover, data augmentation technique has been used to improve the results of the classification. The referenced system is based on convolutional neural networks (CNNs). New solutions have been tested with comprehensive set of video sequences (of total duration exceeding ten hours) under various weather conditions and from different road types.


A NUMBER of factors influence the selection of wire and cable sizes in an industrial power system. The more important factors are load requirements, codes, plant design specifications, voltage regulation, short-circuit levels, economics, and cable heating.


Terabit pulse generation can be realized with a mode locked semiconductor laser resonator.The combination of high gain values and large gain bandwidth make semiconductor materials an ideal ultrahigh speed medium. Unfortunately, standard frequency domain techniques ingore transient solutions and become numerically intensive with large bandwidth calculations. Therefore, it is necessary to directly model the response of an electromagnetic field within such media in the time domain. Futhermore, the understanding of resonant structures is critical not only for modeling semiconductor lasers but for periodic resonant structures and photonic bandgap devices as well. As a first step, we examine electromagnetic modes in a semiconductor medium inside a standing wave resonator. Because of the large bandwidth of the field and gain medium, a direct time-domain solution to the wave equation is desireable. Also, since the laser output power is proportional to pump current, conduction properties of the gain medium are emphasized. For this problem an exact solution to the time domain wave equation is obtained for a medium containing bound charges and free-carriers. Specific examples, which illustrate the transient and steady state nature of the fields, are given for doped GaAs.


SCINCE the grafting of organs between genetically nonidentical individuals uniformly leads to immunologic reaction against the graft and its subsequent death and rejection, successful homotransplantation requires immunologic modification of the recipient. At the time of writing such suppression of immunologic reactivity has been most readily obtained with drugs. It should be remarked at the outset that immunologic suppression either with drugs or by any other means is not a simple or well understood event. The complexity arises from the phenomenon of tolerance1 originally observed in neonatal animals by Medawar, but now recognized as occurring under a variety of circumstances in . . .


This paper argues that the sovereign debt crisis is the result of a lack of fiscal discipline broadly defined to include adequate banking supervision. The paper argues that Europe has inadvertently adopted the wrong model of collective discipline, because it is centralized while a decentralized model not only better fits the Euro Area makeup but also has a superior track record. It also notes the need for the ECB to accept its role of lender of last resort, which in turn requires the adoption of a full-blown banking union.


This thesis is focused on the lesbians life quality and coming out. In the theoretical part I describe and define concepts such as quality of life, general homosexuality and coming out. The practical part deals with the processing of qualitative research. The survey was focused on homosexual women over eighteen years. The aim of this study was to determine whether comingout affects the quality of life of respondents especially in interpersonal relationships. The obtained data were processed using open and axial coding. This thesis could be beneficial to both specialists and homosexually oriented individuals.


We present a novel bibliometric view to create a taxonomy of the interdisciplinary field of Information Communication Technology for Development (ICTD or ICT4D), using scientific documents published in the fields related to information communication technologies that were indexed in the Scopus database from 2001 to 2015. Our research approach utilizes a set of relevant terms and venues (journals and conferences) to procure publications on ICTD topics, and further to analyze them statistically to identify emerging or emerged sub-disciplines. The sub-disciplines prominently include Economic Growth/E-Government/Political Economy, Cloud Enterprises/Entrepreneurship/ICT Innovation, and Smart Energy/Smart Grid. We identify the relevance and uniqueness of all ICTD topics, generated by the algorithm, by employing well-known indices of the coherence coefficient and Kullback-Leibler divergence, indicating the qualifications of a given topic as an established sub-discipline of ICTD. This paper attempts to discuss the interdisciplinary nature of the research field ICTD and recommends prospective directions for new subdisciplines based on the text analysis.


In the early 1960s, the concept of information systems was initially developed and introduced in the United States in the mid-1960s. With the progress of society, IT audit is also constantly developing and applied to major enterprises. This paper takes the company with problems in IT system audit as an example to analyse and summarizes the problems existing in its system audit of our country in the stage, such as putting forward effective solutions, lacking talent, inadequate management. This article puts forward an effective solution to avoid the same problems in the enterprise again so that the company's interests are affected. It puts forward some suggestions for the control of IT system audit, technical guidance for personnel and upgrades in hardware. This paper uses the case analysis method to discuss and describe the information technology audit, analyses Alibaba, and finds that the audit will lead to the stock price decline, the company will make great changes.


This study is focused on quantifying the amorphous phases in soil-related material samples by quantitative phase analysis (QPA) with a carefully designed methodological strategy in the X-ray diffraction sample measurement and in the refinement procedure. The configuration applied was Debye–Scherrer geometry with Mo Kα radiation which, together with meticulous instrumental profile modelling using an LaB6 standard, allowed the refinement of a minimum of sample-related parameters. This method was applied to two micro-samples of adobe earth bricks from The Great Pyramid of Cholula, Mexico, and one local soil micro-sample containing several amorphous and semi-crystalline phases such as allophane, volcanic glass and opal. The results obtained by the QPA method, complemented by elemental particle induced X ray emission (PIXE) spectrometry analysis, were compared with a silicon chemical environment analysis by 29Si MAS-NMR. An average amorphous content of 40 wt% was calculated with the QPA/PIXE results, which is in agreement within 10% with the NMR experiments. Consequently, the methodology proposed could be of interest for further studies of cultural heritage geomaterials, which usually contain amorphous phases in their composition and allow only micro-sampling.


Two didemnid ascidians associating with cyanobacterial symbionts (Prochloron spp.) were firstly recorded from Caribbean Panama: Lissoclinum verrilli, which facultatively harboured Prochloron cells on the colony surface, and Diplosoma simile, which obligately harboured algal cells in the peribranchial and common cloacal cavities within the colonies. While L. verrilli sensu stricto has been exclusively recorded from the Bermudas and Caribbean islands, D. simile is widely distributed in tropical Indo-Pacific regions including oceanic islands such as Hawaii. Partial COI sequences of D. simile from the Caribbean were identical to those from the West Pacific, suggesting a high larval-dispersal ability and broad range of environmental tolerance. Molecular phylogenetics of the symbionts, based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, revealed that both ascidian species were associated with Prochloron, while a Synechocystis sp. sequence was also obtained for L. verrilli. In addition, L. verrilli and D. simile harboured different phylotypes within the Prochloron lineage that included symbionts from various hosts and various Pacific sites. Our results indicate that multiple phylotypes of Prochloron exist in Caribbean Panama and that considering the abundance and the number of host species in the Pacific, Prochloron and D. simile may have come from tropical Indo-West Pacific.


To protect sensitive information stored in databases and information systems, differential privacy has become one of the widely used mechanisms for answering queries to databases and information systems. Although differential privacy provides a clear measure of privacy guarantee, it implicitly assumes that each individual corresponds to a single record in the result of a query. This assumption may not hold in many database and information systems applications. When an individual has multiple records, strict implementation of differential privacy causes significant information loss. In this study, we propose a new privacy principle that integrates differential privacy with the Pareto principle in analyzing privacy risk and data utility. When applied to the situations with multiple records per person, the proposed approach can significantly reduce the information loss in the released query results with a relatively small relaxation in the differential privacy guarantee.


Solar array configurations of the SAS-3 are described: a configuration with two sets of coplanar panels in the horizontal and two others in the vertical position, and two other configurations with either four horizontal or four vertical sets of panels. The nickel-cadmium battery of the power subsystem is described in detail, with emphasis on voltage limits and charge-discharge characteristics. The characteristic of 'solar-only' operation in the case of damage to the battery is discussed. The thermal subsystem of SAS-3 is considered, with discussions of thermal design criteria and the thermal environment. Temperature is controlled by using internal thermal louvers that regulate the rate at which the heat load from electronic equipment is transmitted to the outer surface for dumping to space.


The Raman spectra of tetragonal TlIn${\mathrm{Se}}_{2}$ and monoclinic TlGa${\mathrm{S}}_{2}$, TlGa${\mathrm{Se}}_{2}$, and TlIn${\mathrm{S}}_{2}$ have been investigated as a function of pressure at constant temperatures (300 and 110 K, TlIn${\mathrm{Se}}_{2}$ only at 110 K). Contrary to earlier assignment the structure of the monoclinic compounds can be described in the space group $\frac{C2}{c}$. The appearance and disappearance of Raman modes with increasing pressure are due to a crossing of bands with ${A}_{g}$ and ${B}_{g}$ symmetry and do not indicate the occurrence of a structural phase transition. In TlIn${\mathrm{S}}_{2}$ we observe modes with a negative pressure dependence indicating an impending phase transition at pressures above the maximum pressure of our measurements. The dependence of $(\frac{1}{\ensuremath{\nu}})(\frac{d\ensuremath{\nu}}{\mathrm{dp}})$ on $\ensuremath{\nu}$ of the observed Raman bands in these compounds reveals that a hierarchy of bonding forces is present.


Tourism industry has become one of the main sectors which drives the gross domestic product and increases the national income in Indonesia. However, with the appearance of COVID-19, Indonesia's economy collapsed and coincided with the other industries. The impact of the virus affects tourism wholly either in operational and economy negatively. The impact of the virus affects tourism wholly either in operational and economy negatively. This condition finally changes the era from normal to new normal which also changes the perspective and behaviour of all parties. The effects and solutions from the new normal existence become an interesting object for scholars and tourism experts. This paper aims to identify the effects and solution of the new normal's existence in Indonesia's tourism industry. The qualitative method is used in this research using the literature studies from the secondary data sets. The results show that the new normal turns out to bring a positive side in the tourism industry because of the innovations and solutions which appear from a new way of thinking and regulation. Therefore, the influences of the new normal, especially in Indonesia will be explained in more detail in this research.


This paper presents the aims, the methodology and the results of my reading comprehension survey among Hungarian students in Slovakia. The main aim of this research is to map those Hungarian secondary school students' reading comprehension skills in Hungarian language who live in Slovakia in order to discover which areas of reading comprehension need further development in our education. In this paper only a segment of the whole survey will be presented. Students from 3 different types of secondary schools (secondary grammar school, vocational school and trade school) and 5 regions of Slovakia took part in the research. To show the reading comprehension skills of secondary grammar school students I chose four secondary grammar schools from the following regions of Slovakia: 1 Banská Bystrica region (Central Slovakia), 2 Trnava region (Southwestern Slovakia), 3 Nitra region (Southwestern Slovakia), 4 Bratislava region (Southwestern Slovakia). In this paper to name the schools the following abbreviations generated from the names of regions will be used: (1.) – BBR, (2.) – TR, (3.) – NR, (4.) – BR. All the above mentioned schools joined the survey with their first and fourth year students. I chose these two classes to take part in the research to discover some possible similarities and differences between the reading comprehension skills of those students who have just started secondary education (first graders) compared to those learners who are finishing their studies in the school year of 2018/2019 (fourth graders). 255 students took part in the survey from the mentioned four schools: 124 (48,6%) first graders and 131 (51,4%) fourth graders. The number of participants is determined by the total number of learners in the given class of a school. The participating students filled out a questionnaire and a reading comprehension test. The questionnaire included questions to reveal basic information about them, e.g. gender, place of residence, language usage at home, reading habits, etc. The test was based on the tasks of PISA 2009 [1] involving three texts with their items. I chose the PISA test because using the same items we can compare our own results with the results of 15-years old students in order to find out if the number of years spent in school education and the age of students influence their reading comprehension skills or not. In this paper I will analyse the results of the students connected to the test's continuous text. According to the text format a text is continuous if it involves sentences organized into paragraphs. To solve correctly the tasks students had to use two different thinking aspects: to integrate and interpret (1., 2. and 3. item) and to reflect and evaluate (4. item). From the results we know that more learners had answered correctly the tasks needing easier thinking aspect: the 1. item was answered correctly by 199 students (78%), the 2. item was correctly solved by 190 learners (74,5%) and 221 students (86,6%) gave right answer to the 3. item. In contrast the 4. item requiring the most complex thinking aspect was correctly solved by the lowest number of students: 180 (70,5%). To find possible reasons of students' achievement in the paper the results will be analysed in details regarding the learners' results of different age groups and genders towards items needing several aspects of thinking.


Background: Thyroid function tests which include TSH, free and total T3, T4, are the gold standard biochemical tests till date in the diagnosis of Thyroid disorders. But variations have been observed in the values due to the influence of different drugs and other associated conditions such as Heparin, Amiodarone, Phenylbutazone, Salicylates, etc. Another topic of debate is the reference range of TSH as it has feedback regulation with T3, T4 values. Cystatin C is a potent cysteine protease inhibitor involved in the catabolism of proteins. Serum concentration of Cystatin C is independent of age, body weight, gender and are not influenced by inflammatory, rheumatologic conditions and hepatic causes. The low molecular weight of Cystatin C in combination with its stable production rate makes it a novel markerfor assessing kidney function. Although cystatin C concentrations are not influenced by many pathophysiological conditions other than those affecting GFR, thyroid dysfunction has been demonstrated to have an impact on the serum concentrations of cystatin C. Methods: Hundred cases of thyroid disorder (50 hyperthyroid and 50 hypothyroid) on the basis of clinical diagnosis and thyroid function tests and 100 normal healthy individuals as controls were enrolled in the study. All the subjects were tested for serum Cystatin C and Thyroid profile. The biochemical parameters were compared using ANOVA and correlation between serum Cystatin C level and Thyroid hormones were established using Pearson correlation chart. Results: Mean ± SD serum Cystatin C level was significantly higher (p<0.01) among hyperthyroid group of cases (3.23±1.28) and significantly lower (p<0.01) in hypothyroid group (0.84±0.42) when compared to controls (1.22±0.65). A significant negative correlation was found between serum Cystatin C and TSH values (r=0.25) and positive correlation between serum Cystatin C and T3 (r=0.53), T4 (r=0.60) values. Conclusion: Thyroid hormones definitely influence the level of serum Cystatin C which is increased in hyperthyroidism and decreased in hypothyroidism. Serum level of Cystatin C may correctly give an idea about peripheral Thyroid hormone action and may be used in the diagnosis and follow up of Thyroid disorders. Cystatin C which is presently used as a superior tool for the kidney function tests may also be cautiously done in patients with a Thyroid disorder.


The paper describes a research to evaluate the performance of nickel slag-aggregate high strength concrete (NSA-HSC). Nickel slag, as a by-product from nickel mines, was used as aggregates, either as coarse aggregates or both fine and coarse aggregates, to produce high strength concrete. At present, most of these by-product materials are disposed in landfills, thus threatening the environment and becoming major task waste product management. In response to the challenge of producing more environmentally friendly concrete and promoting sustainable development of infrastructures, therefore the use of virgin material, as aggregate for concrete, should be minimized. One possible alternative is to replace or partially replace the use of virgin or natural aggregates with by-product materials. Nickel slag is mainly composed of Silicon, Ferro and Aluminum oxides. Instead of functioning as aggregates only, it is expected that the high proportion of silicon-dioxide (SiO2) in nickel slag will undergo pozzolanic reaction with the calcium-hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) from the hydration process of Portland cement, to subsequently cause an increase in the concrete strength, as well as, to strengthen the interfacial surface between the aggregates and the cement paste. Therefore, consequently nickel-slag concrete has potential to show excellent mechanical properties. The test results on mechanical properties showed that nickel slag-aggregate concrete has excellent short term performance.


Utilising a comprehensive sample of U.S. and Chinese macroeconomic news announcements, we determine that volatility in commodity prices is significantly impacted by news that conveys information regarding prospective demand for commodities. This includes news regarding U.S. employment and economic output together with the purchasing intentions of Chinese manufacturers. Commodity price volatility is also closely related to the cost of credit. Much of this effect appears to be driven by volatility in the Energy markets. During the 2007-09 crisis, commodity markets appear to pay more attention to forward-looking macroeconomic news, such as PMI surveys.


In 1993, amid concerns that the U.S. auto industry was losing ground to Japanese competitors, the federal government and the Big Three U.S. automakers (Ford, Chrysler, and General Motors) entered into a unique alliance: the Partnership for a New Generation of Vehicles (PNGV). The PNGV, which also involves universities, suppliers, and other participants, arose from the belief that providing industry with access to technologies generated by federally supported research would allow automakers to develop a high-efficiency, environmentally friendly car--attaining up to 80 miles per gallon--that would still match or surpass today's vehicles in performance, cost, and safety. In its launch phase, the PNGV faced considerable skepticism, as well as stiff political and organizational challenges. This report tells the story of the program's beginnings, how it has dealt with these challenges, and its progress to date, which, as of 1998, remains ahead of schedule. It also details lessons that may be useful to managers of similar partnerships in the future. The author was the government's first technical manager of the PNGV. His account was developed from notes, recollections, and interviews with former colleagues.


Counterproductive work behavior (CWB) is defined as behavior that harms organizations and people in organizations. There has been a growing interest among scholars in understanding CWB from a multilevel perspective. Drawing on the theory of planned behavior, this article reports results from two multilevel studies of how abusive supervision, workgroup CWB norms, and personal control influence CWB independently and how these three factors intertwine to predict CWB. In two studies (Study 1 was single-source with 597 employees from 31 work groups and Study 2 was multisource with 345 employees from 62 work groups), we consistently found that abusive supervision was positively related to CWB, and that high CWB norms was not only positively related to CWB, but also strengthened the abusive supervision–CWB link. Furthermore, the combination of strong workgroup CWB norms within groups and high personal control were found to have the greatest facilitating effect on CWB in response to abusive supervision.


Meanwhile electrodepositable coating composition by the movement in the surface of the conductive plastic having a conductive material such as a conductive member electrically conductive paste is pressed onto the surface portion of the conductive surface of the protective coating is applied to the solar reflective coating against the mirror. Electrodepositable coating composition such that the movement comprises motion through the flow so that the solar mirror curtain electrodepositable coating composition such that the solar mirrors and dipped into a pool of the coating composition may be deposited on the electrically conductive surface. Use plastic conductive material of the conductive surface to compensate for irregularities in the coating during the contact between the conductive member and the conductive surface, thereby reducing the current density at the electrical contact regions.


Aiming at the quality defect caused by non-metallic inclusions in the steel,the motion and mechanism study on the inclusion removal by the bubble in the water model of slab continuous casting mold were investigated by using high speed video and image processing software.The results show that the particle in inclusion simulation is attached to remove by bubble.The attachment process can be decomposed into 5 sub-processes which the particle approaches and collides the gas bubble,the thin film of liquid between the particle and the bubble is formed,the new interface of gas-solid appears after the thin film decreases to less than a critical thickness and ruptures,the particle slips to the bottom on the bubble surface,and the particle follows the bubble in dynamic and stable state to floating up finally.While the particle on the bubble surface slips in unstable state,the particle can detach from the bubble surface as the bubble is disturbed slightly.


Although urban air pollution is on the decline in central Europe, it still causes several hundreds of thousands of premature deaths per year. The EU standards of atmospheric aerosol particle mass concentrations PM10 and PM2.5 (µg m-3) have not been exceeded anymore in Germany in 2020, yet there is a rather large uncertainty about the toxicity of particle number concentrations PN (cm-3), for which no legal limits are established. High PN concentrations are typically caused by the exhaust of motorized road vehicles. From 2019 through 2021, national lockdowns in response to the COVID-19 pandemic resulted in reduced human activity. The traffic intensity was heavily reduced, which should have led to an equally strong reaction of the urban aerosol particle concentrations, specifically the PN concentrations. For NOx and PM10, it has been shown for sections of central Europe that the decrease of urban concentrations was not as intense as expected by traffic reduction, because lockdowns coincided with periods of low wind speeds and poor atmospheric exchange conditions. We performed meteorological and air chemistry measurements with an instrumented cargo bicycle before, during, and after the COVID-19 lockdown periods in Münster, Germany. During each ride, two circular routes around the city center were realized, a high-traffic route and a low-traffic route. A complex picture emerged with varying impact of the day of the week, selection of route, meteorological conditions, and traffic intensity driving the PN and PM concentrations. Single-ride high-resolution analysis showed convincingly that the multitude of exhaust plumes from motorized vehicles exerted a strong impact on the PN concentrations. A relative importance analysis was performed on the entire dataset. According to the statistical analysis, PM10 responded most to the day of the week. Although the traffic intensity was also low on weekends, the impact of traffic on PM10 was rather low. Presumably, PM10 responded either to a specific traffic component such as commercial, low-duty vehicles, or to other business with weakly cycles such as construction activity. The meteorological conditions exert impact mostly through the relative humidity, which affects particle growth and reduction of the PN concentration. The role of the lockdowns was quite little overall. For future research, a more complete coverage of the seasons of the year is recommended as well as the inclusion of NOx measurements on board of the cargo bicycle.


This research project was conducted in Quevedo Canton and its rural parishes La Esperanza, San Carlos and Quevedo. Farming in the province of Los Rios and its cantons is the main source of production in the province. The fertile land creates favorable conditions for agriculture, livestock and forestry development especially for short cycle crops: as corn, soybeans, passion fruit and perennial crops: cocoa, banana, oil palm, tropical fruits, vital products for the economy of the sector and generating jobs, foreign exchange, food and raw materials for the food industry in the region and the country. These activities to better agricultural productivity are complemented with other technical assistance, fertilizer, certified seed, use of machinery. Importantly, in these areas there is little help from the public and private sectors especially in technical assistance and financing. Thus it was detected in the analysis of information required for this work. The province ranks first in the production of cocoa, passion fruit and compared to African palm production is second only to Esmeraldas. Quevedo Canton and its rural parishes, according to the analysis of this work, has a high percentage of contribution, especially in cocoa and passion fruit, where the level of productivity is good as well as the sale of their products. The results of the investigation shows that the cultivation of cocoa which is mostly available to farmers in the three parishes of the canton Quevedo representing 37% with respect to the remaining crops investigated. On the other hand it can be seen that the low Quevedo Canton productive contribution to the province because there, according to the information analyzed, the little support from lenders and technical assistance from both public and private companies.


PREFACE The XXI-th Winter School on Continuous Media Mechanics, a scientific event traditionally organized by the Institute of Continuous Media Mechanics UB RAS. It is a biennial meeting, which attracts researchers in the field of mechanics. Most participants are regular attendees of this scientific event. The Schools are also attended by our foreign colleagues, who are involved in active collaboration with the scientists of the Institute of Continuous Media Mechanics UB RAS. Therefore, our Winter School has established itself as a recognized international event, yet most participants certainly come to the School from the universities and institutes of the city of Perm. About 350 people from 23 cities of 7 countries (Russia, Austria, Germany, Poland, France, Israel, Italy, Belarus) took part in the XXI Winter School on Continuum Mechanics. Russian participants represented 39 organizations in 23 cities (Perm, St. Petersburg, Moscow, Yekaterinburg, Krasnoyarsk, Novosibirsk, Kazan, Samara, Rostov-on-Don, etc.). The Scope of the Conference traditionally covers the following topics: – computational continuum mechanics; – coupled problems of solid mechanics; – physics and mechanics of meso- and nano-structured systems; – mechanics of functional materials; – convection, hydrodynamic stability and turbulence; – hydrodynamics of non-Newtonian liquids and liquids with special characteristics; – interdisciplinary studies. All these topics are among the central themes of modern continuum mechanics, which is evidenced by the increasing number of publications in leading Russian and foreign journals. During the conference reports were made on fundamental and applied problems of continuum mechanics, including invited reports of well-known experts in the relevant branches of mechanics (academicians, corresponding members of the Russian Academy of Sciences, doctors of science), as well as representatives of enterprises producing high-tech products (JSC «UEC-Aviadvigatel», JSC Perm Scientific-Production Instrument-Making Company, etc.).This issue contains articles on the part of the reports presented at the School. V.P. Matveenko Chairman of the XXI Winter School on Continuous Media Mechanics, Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Director of the Institute of Continuous Media Mechanics of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences


When the advantages of microcomputer (MC) technology in protective relaying are added to the communication facilities given by local and wide area networks (LANs and WANs), there are almost unlimited possibilities for the future development of protective and network management. It is expected that the bulk of protective equipment delivered in the future will go into conventionally designed plants and must, therefore, fit into the existing equipment in terms of constructive set-up, interfacing, environmental conditions and operating and testing policies. Power supply utilities which are faced with a new situation of low rate of energy demand growth must apply policies which concentrate investment more on that which is essential than that which is possible or desirable. Protection concepts with MC-based relays which correspond to the above outlined policy are discussed. The concepts are based on actual installations and on the recommendations of the Association of German Power Supply Authorities.


The problems and priorities of increasing the efficiency and competitiveness of national economies are described and analyzed. Regional specialization and development of a network of clusters as the main directions of social and economic development are discussed. The most important problems: development and modernization of national economies under conditions of globalisation and mar ket internationalisation; national economy as a system and as an integral entity of economic activi ties. The most important priorities: formulation of principles of increasing the efficiency and competi tiveness of national economies; formulation of priorities in economic development strategies, espe cially for transition countries; development of the idea of "oazes" as a system of special conditions for social economic growth; concrete solutions for the innovation activities in Lithuania, other Baltic and other Central and East European countries. The idea of "oases" as a new form of clusterization is described.


This paper introduced the TSVD regularized method for ill posed problems in inverse problems. The error analysis of the TSVD regularized solution is given. By a priori choice of the regularization parameter respectively, the optimum asymptotic convergence order of the regularized solution is obtained. From the point of view of numerical computation, TSVD regularization method is an effective method.


.................................................................................................. xxvii! Chapter I . Protein design: toward functional metalloenzymes ...............1! 1.! Introduction .............................................................................................................. 2! 2.! Design of catalytic non-heme iron proteins ............................................................. 6! 3.! Design of hydrolytic zinc proteins ......................................................................... 16! 4.! Design of copper proteins ...................................................................................... 41! 5.! Thesis outline ......................................................................................................... 54! References ..................................................................................................................... 58! Chapter II . Cu(II)/(I)(TRIW-H)3, a structural and functional model for copper nitrite reductase ........................................................................74! Introduction ................................................................................................................... 74! Materials and Methods .................................................................................................. 78! Results ........................................................................................................................... 87! Discussion ................................................................................................................... 112! Conclusion ................................................................................................................... 127! References ................................................................................................................... 129!


This article discusses the reasons for the fall in December 1990 of the Bangladeshimilitary-authoritarian government of Lt. Gen. H. M. Ershad that came to power in 1982.The inability of the government to implement its economic and political projects undercutits credibility and legitimacy. Its failures to legitimize itself and implement IMF/Donors-prescribed economic measures had reinforcing adverse effects on each other. Thegovernment's economic failures engendered resistance among various sectors of civil soci-ety, and exogenous forces also were disappointed with its poor economic performance. Itsfailure to legitimize itself also resulted in a fracture within the ruling coalition and achallenge to the government by opposition parties. In this context, the rise of a group ofapolitical officers in the military hierarchy in the late 1980s, the end of the Cold War, andthe surge of civil society brought down Ershad's authoritarian government.


This article reviews the mechanism and the compatibilizing technology between starch and polymer, present situation of starch-based resin, evaluation method and development trend of starch-based plastics were also introduced.


Founded in 1969 by the University of Winnipeg, the Institute of Urban Studies (IUS) was created at a time when the city's "urban university" recognized a need to address the problems and concerns of the inner city. From the outset, IUS has been both an educational and an applied research centre. The Institute has remained committed to examining urban development issues in a broad, non-partisan context and has never lost sight of the demands of applied research aimed at practical, often novel, solutions to urban problems and issues.


Total arch replacement via frozen elephant trunk (FET) is a strategy for managing complex thoracic aortic pathologies involving the arch and descending thoracic aorta (DTA). The FET procedure involves the distal anastomosis of the FET hybrid prosthesis at a chosen aortic arch zone. Though distal anastomosis has been traditionally performed at Zone 3 (Z-3-FET) of the aortic arch, recent practice has seen a significant increase in Zone 2 FET (Z-2-FET). The literature concerning independent Zone 2 and 3 studies and head-to-head comparative studies suggest that Z-2-FET is the superior approach, yielding more favourable results overall, except for aortic remodelling. The improved clinical outcomes achieved with Z-2-FET can be attributed to the shorter operative times, including cardiopulmonary bypass duration, due to the ease and increased surgical site exposure at the aortic arch using this technique. The slightly inferior aortic remodelling observed in Z-2-FET can be explained by the decreased coverage of the DTA distally by the FET stent graft. However, this difference in results can also be attributed to the complexity and severity of the underlying pathology and the surgical approach adopted. The prospect of utilising Zone 0 FET (Z-0-FET) is highly promising, with some studies hinting at its superiority over Z-2-FET. Nevertheless, studies are needed to determine the efficacy of Z-0-FET and directly compare it to Z-2-FET to reach a definitive consensus on the most optimal FET technique. The present literature review aims to provide an overview of major intraoperative and postoperative outcomes achieved with Z-2-FET and Z-3-FET and summarise evidence from studies directly comparing them. Another aim of this narrative review is to explore current literature trends on Z-0-FET uptake.


The large closed ore furnace uses the dry method to clean the exhaust gas,which is in line with the national environmental protection requirements,but it can not meet the requirements that the gas can be recovered and purified to use in chemical industry production.This present paper point on the 5.0×105t/a chemical metallurgical integrated project,process layout,implementation of the project as a carrier,and utilizes the dried and purified exhaust gas from the large closed ore furnace as chemical-industry raw material riching in good economical value as target,carried out correspondent experimental demonstration and implementation,and promoted a scientific and convenient dust cleaning program especially atilized the porous FeAl intermetallics filter(YT) exhaust purifier instead of the old dry dedust process for industrialized application.


The present investigative work one carries out in 60 animals divided in 3 groups according to their age (0-6 months; 7-12 months and 13-18 months); in the canton Sands, place The Bunque, during the months September, October, November and December of the present year. 7 types of parasitic goods were presented in the bovine ones analyzed being these: Oesophagostomun, Haemonchus, Coccidia, Cooperis, Ostertagia, Strongyloides and Bunostomun; with a grade of general infection considered as serious. The Ivermectina is 100 effective% against the family Trichoestrongylidae in the three age groups. The Ivermectina is the best antiparasitario for the control of the different gastrointestinal parasites found in this investigation, followed by the Albendazol and finally the Levamisol. The Ivermectina is very effective even until the 60 days post-desparasitacion; on the other hand the Albendazol and Levamisol began to already diminish its effectiveness to the 30 days The biggest increment of weight obtained it the three groups tried with Albendazol, followed by the groups tried with Ivermectina and finally the groups tried with Levamisol that although this antiparasitario taenia vitamins doesn't influence in the increase of weight of the different groups, in general the three groups tried with the antiparasitarios obtained a good increment in relation to the group witness. The cost of the antiparasitarios used in this investigation was of: Ivermectina used dose 65.32 with a cost of $7.83; Levamisol total dose 94.5 ml with a cost of $6.6 and finally Albendazol a dose of 166.6 ml with a cost of $3.95.


This paper presents a simple, unified phase noise model for injection-locked oscillators (ILO). We show that an ILO is identical to a type-I first-order PLL in its noise behavior within the lock range. The model predicts the phase noise of injection-locked oscillators (ILO), injection-locked frequency dividers (ILFD), and injection-locked frequency multipliers (ILFM) as a function of the injection source phase noise and the oscillator phase noise. Measurement results from a discrete 57MHz Colpitts ILO, an integrated 6.5GHz ILFD, and an integrated 24GHz ILFM are presented to validate the theoretical predictions.


We consider a risk-based asset allocation problem in a Markov, regime-switching, pure jump model. With a convex risk measure of the terminal wealth of an investor as a proxy for risk, we formulate the risk-based asset allocation problem as a zero-sum, two-person, stochastic differential game between the investor and the market. The HJB dynamic programming approach is used to discuss the game problem. A semi-analytical solution of the game problem is obtained in a particular case.


This paper aims to determine the community empowerment carried out by Yayasan Rumah Energi in the Padamukti Village in empowering the community to be able to process cow dung which was originally thrown into the river which resulted in pollution, then processed into biogas. The exsistence of this community empowerment helps the community to reduce the environmental pollution that results from the dumping of cow dung into the river, besides having an impact on the community economy by using biogas. This study uses qualitative research using descriptive methods. This data collection uses observation techniques, interview, and study documentation. This analysis in this study uses data reduction, presentation, and verivication. The result of this study show how the empowerment carried out bye Yayasan Rumah Energi and the community by processing cow dung through the biogas program so that the community can have a clean environment and provide economic improvement.


social scenes in 6-month-old infants later diagnosed with autism spectrum disorders. Biol Psychiatry. 2013;74:195–203. 30. Boyd BA, Baranek GT, Sideris J, et al. Sensory features and repetitive behaviors in children with autism and developmental delays. Autism Res. 2010;3:78–87. 31. Anderson PJ, Reidy N. Assessing executive function in preschoolers. Neuropsychol Rev. 2012;22:345– 360. 32. Orinstein AJ, Helt M, Troyb E, et al. Intervention for optimal outcome in children and adolescents with a history of autism. J Dev Behav Pediatr. 2014;35:247–256.


Correlations are presented between the spiral angle, as measured by the X-ray angle (40% absorption angle of 002 diffraction are), and the mechanical properties of 16 cot tons. A significant correlation is found for Pressley strength at zero gauge length : however, virtually no correlations exist when cotton strength is measured at 5.0-mm. gauge length. Highly significant correlations are found between the spiral angle and the extensibility properties of cotton fibers, as measured by single fiber elastic modulus and elongation to break.


Investigates theoretical questions of the modern development of ecological tourism on natural protected areas. The analysis of the status and prospects of development of the natural park "Podolski Tovtry" towards eco-tourism. The proposed measures for the improvement of recreational facilities Nature Reserve Fund of Ukraine for the development of eco-tourism


The processes like rapid industrialization, extensive cultivation, unplanned mining activities etc. discharge a lot of effluents into water bodies causing their pollution. The water flowing in the river Potteru is getting polluted due to extensive cultivation at its vicinity and release of water from Balimela hydro project which has detrimental effects on living organisms. The polluted water may directly interact with genetic substance DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid), responsible for regulating a number of biochemical functions. The present work aims at studying physicochemical characteristics of water resources of river Potteru during monsoon, pre monsoon & post monsoon periods and studying possible impact on the structure of DNA. The study reveals that water samples have definite impact on DNA structure as measured by change in pH.


The present invention discloses a wind turbine blade having a segmented truss connection area, and associated systems and methods. According to a particular embodiment of the wind turbine system embodiments include having a first position along the longitudinal axis and having a first segment of a wind turbine, a first non-internal truss structure elements of the load-bearing structure in the first segment, said second an internal load-bearing structure subjected to at least 90% of the shear loads. The blade further comprises a second position along a longitudinal axis and a second segment having a second internal bearing structure, the non-structural element in the first truss segment, at least 90 receiving said second internal load bearing structure % of a shear load. Connection region between the first and the second segment comprises a first inner connecting said inner load-bearing structure and the second inner bearing structure bearing truss structure.


Heirs of future and potential tourists, students face with various difficulties during university period. The very primary step of physiological needs, eating habits and constraints, of such a wide audience who are supposed to be at the top of self-realization is an issue that is carefully be focused on. The aim of this study which tries to investigate Bartın Vocational School students' tendency and constraints on nutrition is to search and identify daily main meals and snacks of students; to determine body-mass index on age basis;; and to evaluate the arguments whether interdependent variables such as economic level, place of residence and gender which are allegedly affect nutritional care have influence on food choice. This study is considered important because it assesses dietary habits and tendencies of consumers with different levels of opportunity and limited incomes. In this context, secondary data have been given in theoretical framework. Primary data, on the other hand, have been obtained through a questionnaire that is compiled from various sources. Research problem and hypotheses have been tested by parametric test Independent-Samples T Test and frequency analysis. As results of the research, the findings that students do not have adequate nutrition awareness though their body-mass index is in normal range; that they consume fast food particularly during the day; and that this situation leads to the so-called morbid obesity health problems have been discussed. In addition, policy recommendations and suggestions have been made in this regard.


A computational scheme to calculate the femtosecond time-resolved
photoelectron spectrum of polyatomic molecules is outlined. The method exploits
(i) the fact that the calculation of the ionization yield at a particular
photoelectron energy is formally equivalent to the calculation of the total
transient absorption into a single excited electronic state, and (ii) a recently
proposed convolution scheme (S. Hahn and G. Stock, Chem. Phys. Lett.,
 1998, 296, 137), which allows for an efficient calculation of the
transient absorption. Obtaining the complete photoelectron spectrum from a
single transient-absorption calculation, the approach circumvents the
cumbersome discretization of the electron continuum. To demonstrate its capability,
the method is applied to a four-mode vibronic-coupling model
of pyrazine, which includes the three lowest singlet states (S0,
S1, S2) as well as the two lowest cation states (I0,
I1) of pyrazine. Explicit simulations of femtosecond ionization
experiments are presented for this model and compared to recent experiments.
It is demonstrated that the time-resolved photoelectron spectrum directly
monitors the ultrafast S2
→ S1 internal conversion
process in pyrazine.


The Oxford University Computing Laboratory has an exceptional record in the development and promotion of practically-relevant theory across a wide range of areas. Professor Roscoe has played a large part in much of this activity related in some way to CSP. He played a leading role in the collaborative eeorts with INMOS on the development of the transputer and occam (via Alvey and ESPRIT funding), and this work led to the award of the Queen's Award for Technological Achievement to the Laboratory in 1990. He has received substantial funding over the years from the US OOce of Naval Research for work on CSP, which has led to the development of Timed CSP and has contributed in large measure (together with ESPRIT and industrial support) to the development of the CSP reenement checker FDR (a commercial product) which is now in use in approximately 50 academic and commercial sites worldwide. This tool has been used in practical projects in hardware design, telecommunications, safety-critical systems, distributed algorithms, real-time control and scheduling, computer security, fault tolerance and other areas. Roscoe's book, The theory and practice of concurrency was recently published by Prentice Hall. This provides an extensive and up-to-date presentation of CSP, settting out the ground work for much of the research in this proposal. For the past ve years, Roscoe has devoted a signiicant proprtion of his research eeort to computer security. His most recent EPSRC funding was a ROPA award \Establishing Security Properties of Distributed Systems" (GR/K34368) relating to this area, and was responsible for the rst serious applications of model checkers to security protocols. So succesful was this work that it is now widely immitated across the entire model checking community (with Gavin Lowe's attack on the Needham Schroeder protocol discovered as an RA on this project being the standard target). The work on the above project beneetted from parallel work being carried out by, and funded by DERA Malvern (the most important contact there being Dr P.Y.A. Ryan). The results of that project, both in terms of protocol veriication and the spin-oos from the tool developments it required, are now widely used by DERA across an impressive range of practical topics for both military and civilian clients. The work at PRG on the Parameterised Veriication Problem, and data independence in particular, was inspired by the needs of the work on security protocols and other applications of model checking where …


modem Tamil writing' and another list of important figures in the putukkavitai movement which the author considers to be the greatest achievement of modern Tamil poetry. It is questionable, however, just how representative these works are of the highest quality of modern Tamil writing. Factual errors are very few, but at one point we are told that Cuntarar, not Campantar, speaks of the Jains and the Buddhists with contempt and ridicule. In addition, the author speaks of Cuntarar as responsible for the annihilation of 8,000 Jains in Maturai; he means Campantar (p. 196). The author is wrong when he says that Macaimalai Atikal was the founder of the Tirunelveli Saiva Siddhanta Works Publishing Society (see footnote, p. 285). The real founder was V. Tiruvarankam Pillai, a student and subsequently the son-in-law of Maraimalai Atikal (see Marai Tirunavukkaracu, Maraiinalaiyatikal vamlaru, 853). The translations, some of which are the author's own, are very well done. This book is the best treatment of classical and modern Tamil poetry and prose written in English against a historical and sociological background. The number of charts and illustrations contribute much to the clarity of presentation, especially in ch. vi, ' The theory of " interior landscape"' (pp. 85-110). There are a few useful illustrations as well as a selected and critically annotated bibliography and a detailed index. It is regrettable that the book is so expensive. The Tamil people are greatly indebted to the author for this valuable contribution to the study of Tamil literature.


Despite a number of previous studies investigating online learning during the COVID-19 outbreak, more needs to be reported about TEYL teachers' insightful experiences in photovoice. To fill this gap, the current phenomenological case study aimed at exploring TEYL teachers' experiences in enacting MALL during the distance learning period amidst the COVID-19 pandemic using photovoice. Two teachers were recruited as the study participants. The data were garnered from the participants' photovoice collections depicting critical incidents and interviews. The results showed that MALL was perceived as a powerful instructional method in distance English learning amidst the COVID-19 pandemic. The teachers reported that they encountered several obstacles caused by unstable internet networks, difficulty in direct supervision of young learners, and the requirement of extra effort to prepare interesting teaching materials. On a positive note, MALL has benefited the teachers by enriching their experiences using various mobile applications for their English language instructions. The enactment of MALL has also foregrounded parents' important roles in monitoring their children's use of mobile devices. Drawing from the findings, this research implies that photovoice can be used to explore teachers' and students' life experiences with distance learning in Indonesian teacher education.


This article focuses on the importance of developing speech and communicative skills in students of technical universities in view of the requirements of the Russian higher education system after the transition to the 3 rd generation federal state education standards. A comparison of 2010—2013 survey of junior and senior students of Kaliningrad State Technical University helps come to a conclusion that the goal of teaching is to develop conscious needs in students and encourage them in individual work in order to improve the level of communicative knowledge.


* Areas in white in the map, indicate areas where the species is not suitable. Species suitable areas under current climate Whole plant attributes Uses Reproductive attributes Stress tolerance Growth form Tree Commercial timber Yes Reproductive system Dioecious Drought Unknown Plant height (m) 15 (12 – 25) Timber uses1 CS, MB, AR Pollination vector Unknown Flooding No Spinescence No Firewood No Weight 1000 seeds (kg)2 69.9 (48-103) Frost No N fixer No Fruit Yes Seed storage type Recalcitrant Shade Unknown


IN spite of the fact that it is generally believed that endemic typhus fever is a common disease in the West Indies, there are few reports to substantiate this view. In fact, Zinsser 1 in a comprehensive survey of typhus fever does not indicate its presence in the Caribbean area up to 1937. The Epidemiological Report of the League of Nations, 1936 2 does not record the presence of typhus fever inJamaica, nor do the careful records of the hospitals of the United Fruit Co. indicate its presence. Typhus fever was not noted in the records of the United Fruit Co. for two successive years in Costa Rica, Cuba, and Jamaica, although the records covered the case histories of 47,000 inpatients and a half million out-patients. The health authorities in Jamaica state that typhus had not been recorded in Jamaica prior to 1941, when the cases comprising this report were noted. The occurrence of typhus in Puerto Rico has been reported by Pons 3 who records 8 cases presenting typical clinical symptoms of endemic typhus with a positive Weil-Felix agglutination (OX19). In a later paper 4 this author substantiated his previous findings by reporting a rise in agglutination titer (OX19) in 20 additional cases. The author's conclusion that typhus fever was present is justified even though the agent was not isolated. These and some additional Puerto Rico cases since have been tabulated in the Public Health Reports, and 2 cases have been diagnosed as endemic typhus in our laboratory by the complement-fixation test. In 1937, the first case of endemic typhus was reported from Martinique.5 The illness was characterized by an acute onset with headache, continued fever, and a rash. The Weil-Felix agglutination (OX19) titer rose from 1:300 to 1:1,000. No agent was isolated. The present report deals with the occurrence of endemic typhus in Jamaica in 1941 and 1942. In a period of 5 months, 68 probable cases were diagnosed in natives. The first case of typhus occurred in a native Jamaican laborer in December, 1941, the diagnosis being made by Captain T. E. Woodward. This man


The present invention provides a conductive polymer suspension for providing a conductive polymer material having a high conductivity and a method for producing the same, and in particular, a solid electrolytic capacitor having a low ESR and a method for producing the same. The conductive polymer suspension is produced by: synthesizing a conductive polymer by chemical oxidative polymerization of a monomer giving the conductive polymer by using an oxidant in a solvent containing a dopant consisting of a low-molecular organic acid or a salt thereof; purifying the conductive polymer; and mixing the purified conductive polymer and an oxidant in an aqueous solvent containing a polyacid component.


Summary In connection with continuing research on biopulping, aspen wood chips were treated with three different strains of the white-rot fungus Ceriporiopsis subvermispora for four weeks prior to refiner mechanical pulping. All three strains saved substantial amounts of electrical energy (40-48%) during fiberization and refining. and improved burst (23-40'%), tear (13l–l62%), tensile (17–27%), and tensile energy absorption (13–25%) indices over the untreated control. Fungal treatment had no apparent effect on elongation or opacity. All strains decreased density (12–14%), brightness (18–21%), and light scattering coefficient (34–37%) over the untreated control. Based on energy savings and strength improvements, strain CZ-3 appeared to be superior to the other strains.


(57) [summary] aircraft flight mode selector assembly is provided with a display menu generated from the computer, and the soft-wired type Bezeruki, the, by the Bezeruki, general dedicated switch, switch display light source and wiring connection has become possible to utilize a large number of flight mode than the number possible with existing flight mode selector assembly which having only selector panel assembly is further narrower the envelope than the existing flight mode selector it is possible to access these flight modes from. By the flight mode selector assembly and the flight control computer is connected by a serial bus, the number of wires required for flight mode selector assembly, dedicated for each dedicated switch for aircraft flight mode selector compared with the current protocol using the wiring can be reduced. By displaying and menu generated from the computer is utilized, without adding additional switches and switch display light source, it is possible to easily enlarge the flight mode selector assembly. Simply by changing the display information look-up table in the control unit of the processing apparatus, it is possible to change the display of the flight mode selector panel. The look-up table, are separated from the software in the control device. Such flight mode selector assembly further includes a pilot message display device for sending a text message to the pilot of the aircraft.


Objective: To explore the effects of ChangDuQing oral liquid on cytokines in serum and alveolar perfusate of rats with systemic inflammatory response syndrome(SIRS).Method: SD rats were randomized into normal group,A model group,A group of low dosage,A group of middle dosage,A group of high dosage,B model group,B group of low dosage,B group of middle dosage and B group of high dosage,eight rats each group.SIRS models were established through peritoneal injection with suspension of yeast polysaccharides.Normal group,model group and different dosage groups of ChangDuQing oral liquid were given with NS and different concentrations of ChangDuQing oral liquid,lavage for three consecutive days,twice each day,the rats were killed after medication by the end of the 3rd day,levels of cytokines in serum and alveolar perfusate of rats were detected.Result: Levels of cytokines in serum in A,B groups were higher than that of normal group;cytokines in A,B groups and different dosage groups demonstrated statistical meaning;levels of cytokines in alveolar perfusate of B groups of different dosages were higher than A group without statistical meaning.Conclusion: High dosage ChangDuQing oral liquid can relieve reducing and the symptoms caused by 750 mg/kg suspension of yeast polysaccharides through.


Biophysics – the study of how the structure of individual plants and animals contributes to their function – has rarely been considered on the ecological scale. However, Mark Denny from Stanford University, USA, has a broader vision. Because the mechanisms that underpin individual performance


Magnetization switching is confirmed for sub-3-ns pulses below <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$100~\mu \text{A}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> in perpendicular magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs) down to 16 nm in diameter. The magnetoresistance ratio exceeded 150%, satisfying requirements for fast read conditions. Using sub-30-nm MTJs, write-error rates of up to an order of −6 (10−6) are demonstrated. Read and write current margins, which are important device designs, are sufficiently large to avoid read disturbances. Moreover, <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$1\times $ </tex-math></inline-formula>-to-<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$2\times $ </tex-math></inline-formula>-nm MTJs have sufficient data retention for level-2 or level-3 cache requirements. Furthermore, the MTJ resistance remains stable after 1012 write events. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$1\times $ </tex-math></inline-formula>- to <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$2\times $ </tex-math></inline-formula>-nm MTJs supporting cache memory along with read–write current margins, fast read operations, low power consumption, sufficient retention, and high endurance.


Several studies indicate that profoundly deaf children receiving a cochlear implant (CI) under the age of 2 years are able to develop linguistic skills at a rate equal to similarly aged children with normal hearing. CI devices deliver temporal envelope (E) cues in speech over a small number of frequency channels. This suggests that infants are able to use E speech cues efficiently at an early age. However, little work has been done to investigate the developmental time course of the ability to use E speech cues. A recent study suggests that normal hearing children are able to use such cues at adult levels by the age of 5 years, but information is lacking for younger children. The present study assessed the ability of 6-month-old infants with normal hearing to discriminate between voiced and unvoiced stop consonants (/aba/ versus /apa/) on the basis of E cues, using a Head-turn Preference Procedure and speech tokens processed via a noise vocoder. The spectral and temporal resolution of vocoders was varied to determine whether or not the ability to use E speech cues is similarly constrained in infants and adults.


The purposes of this study are to know the environmental conditions of rural houses, thermal sensation and clothing weight of rural residents and to estimate the standard clothing weight according to their indoor living temperature. In this study, the 631 rural residents of both sexes and all generations were selected from 5 rural districts of Kyunggi, Kangwon, Chungnam, Chonnam and Kyungbuk province and the surveys which include clothes, environmental conditions and thermal sensation carried out 4 times-once in each season-from July 1989 to April 1990. The results of this study are· as follows. 1. The ranges of outdoor temperature are in summer, in spring/autumn, in winter and those of indoor temperature are in summer, in spring/autumn, in winter. The ranges of indoor temperature is within comfortable range in spring, summer and autumn but in winter it is below the range. 2. There is a negative relationship between indoor temperature and clothing weight(r = -0.927) and the simple regression equation is as follows. Y = -61.97X + 2048.44(Y : total clothing weight , X : indoor temperature ). 3. There is no significant difference of clothing weight among the thermal sensation, so clothing insulation can not affect the thermal sensation. 4. Clothing weight of light-clothing-weight group is 70~75% of middle-clothing-weight group and clothing weight of heavy-clothing-weight group is 130% of middle-clothing-weight group. So the standard clothing weight for rural residents in their indoor living is estimated as Fig. 6.


Cloud computing is the best telecom internet technology and it will greatly affect the development of libraries.Applying bibliometric methods,based on the analysis results of papers collected by the FullText Database of CNKI on the application of cloud computing technology in the libraries,in this paper the status and problems of research and application of cloud computing technology in the libraries were described.


This study investigated the impact of cause of death on responses to a bereaved individual. Sixty participants (30 men and 30 women) listened to an audiotape of a recently bereaved widow. There were three versions of the tape, each identical except for the stated cause of death: suicide, accident, or heart attack. Participants listened and responded to three segments of the tape. Results indicated that respondents were more anxious after the interaction than before. In addition, perceptions of the individual bereaved by suicide were more negative, but these perceptual differences were not reflected in quantitative measures of behavior. Qualitative data suggested that for suicidal deaths issues of blame and responsibility are more salient than for deaths due to accidents or natural causes.


In recent years (from 1990 to nowadays) there has been a significant increase in Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) flows and multinational enterprises in all the economies. The aim of this paper is to analyse the determinants of FDI from eleven countries in the mexican economy in the period 1992-2003, with a special emphasis on the exchange rates. To do so, we use a panel data technique and we demonstrate empirically that the FDI host country's (in this case Mexico's) wage, the FDI host country's GDP, the FDI investor country's GDP, the host country's foreign trade (trade openness), the host country's foreign exchange rate and its volatility are variables that determine the behaviour of the FDI in Mexico.


'lbe p.1rp:se of this paper is to investigate the relations between develor:m=nt, WCIl1'eI1 f S relative access to value:) resources, arrl fertility levels across CCITI1'I.D"lities in Iran. 'lheoretical considerations of the research are t:uilt on the 'WI:IneIl arrl developnent literature arrl the recent work on sex stratification. 'lhe errpirica1 analysis is based on aggregate data fran 162 districts (shahrestans) in Iran in 1976. The status of women, as IreaSUrErl by relative acx::ess to valued resources in the CCIlll!rI.mi.ty, is analyzed an::i related to the level of develq::rrent of the ccmtI.ll1ity. F\Jrt.herrrore, the inpact of the relative status of waren on fertility variation across comrm.mi.ties is examined. It is hypothesized that to the extent that developm=nt and m:rlerni.zation decrease gerrler inequality arrl create a less rigid gerrler system in a society, the level of fertility declines. The results suggest that developnent inproves the relative acx::ess of wanen to education and health resources. But there was no significant inprovement in the relative access of women to i..ncome-generatin;r activities. Fert.ility decline is associated with inprovement in the relative status of wanen in accessirg the valued resources, ani inprovement in the position of women is an important path through which development can reduce fertility. It is concluded that development :policies that exclu::le women an:l benefit men do not have declining effect. on fertility levels an:l ideals. Al::out the Author: Akbar Aghajanian received his Ph.D. from D.lke University and postdoctoral trainin:j in Population and Development Program at Cornell University. He has taught at shiraz University in Iran arrl was a visiti..ng" scientist at the Center for studies in DeIrtc:graphy and Ecology, Department of sociolcgy I University of Washington. He is currently Asscciate Professor of S<x:iology at Fayetteville State University. He has published widely about social demcqraphy, family , arC the status of women in Iran.


ABSTRACT Nita Sholehah. K3212040. THE APPLICATION OF PEER TUTOR LEARNING METHODS FOR IMPROVING THE LEARNING OUTCOME OF THE FASHION DRAWING BY DRYING COLOR TECHNIQUE IN ELEVENTH GRADE FASHION B CLASS OF VOCATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL 9 SURAKARTA IN THE ACADEMIC YEAR 2015/2016. Thesis, Surakarta : Teacher Training and Education Faculty of Sebelas Maret University, July 2016 This research aims to improve the learning outcome of fashion drawing class in eleventh grade fashion b class of vocational high school 9 Surakarta in the academic year 2015/2016. This study uses peer tutoring learning. The type of this research is Class Action Research. This study is conducted collaboratively among the researcher, teacher, and student's participation. The subjects are students of eleventh grade fashion b class of vocational high school 9 Surakarta in the academic year 2015/2016 which amount to 26 students. Data and data sources used in the study include: the informant, a place or location, events, documents, and archives. The data collection techniques used are (a) observation, (b) interviews, (c) documentation, and (d) test. The data are analyzed using descriptive comparative and critical analysis techniques. The procedure of this study are: (a) planning action, (b) action, (c) observation, (d) analysis and reflection. Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that the application of Peer Tutor Learning methods can improve the learning outcome of the dress drawing in eleventh grade fashion b class of vocational high school 9 Surakarta years 2015/2016. Peer Tutors Method can increase the Student's interest and their involvement in learning. It can be seen from the increase of student's interest after the action. The improve of achievement are based on the indicator of success student: 1) Student's interest and involvement in studying the dress design drawing in the first cycle is 73.08% and increased by the second cycle up to 80.77%; 2) Student's understanding in drawing the dress design material includes understanding the dress drawing, dress drawing principles, tools and materials, techniques and the dress drawing stages in the first cycle is 76.92% , and increased by the second cycle up to 100%; 3) The student's result of the dress design drawing in the first cycle is 65.38% and increased by the second cycle up to 80.77%. Keywords: Peer tutoring method. The results of the study, Fashion drawing , Drying color technique


Cheese is a biologically and biochemically dynamic product in which a series of sequential changes take place throughout its manufacture and subsequent ripening. These changes improve nutritional value, body and texture and enrich the flavour. Conjugated linoleic acids (CLA), a group of naturally occurring geometrical and positional isomers of linoleic acid, are present in high concentration in dairy products and fat from ruminant animals. Six isomers of CLA have been separated and identified by gas liquid chromatography (GLC) analysis. Buffalo milk had higher 9c,11t-18:2 isomer (86.14%). Total CLA concentration of CLA isomers was increased significantly (P < 0.05) on conversion of milk into cheese and subsequent storage. The concentration of the 9c,11t-18:2 isomer was decreased significantly (P < 0.05), whereas that of trans, trans-isomers (12,14-; 11,13-; 10,12-; 9,11-) increased significantly (P < 0.05).