There are multiple situations, often related to the administrative or judicial field, in which it is necessary to use a healthy skepticism, to question the validity of an assertion, appealing to the evidence that can prove or disprove it. (Shermer, 2008). From a child custody issue to facing a harsh criminal conviction, to applying for a disability pension or obtaining an indemnity in an insurance context; in all of them, there is the opportunity to use deception for one's own benefit, harming a third party, through fraud. As we know, opportunity, together with prior motivation or incentive and subsequent justification, constitute the classic fraud triangle proposed by Cressey (1961).
            This questioning of the validity of the case understood as its accuracy or correspondence with what it pretends to be and independently of its various types, is only possible from a method of analysis based on scientific evidence that benefits from using a system ordered by rules for the investigation - which we know as a protocol (Amezcua, 2000) - as well as a multiple approaches (Campbell and Fiske, 1959) that is proportionate to a conception of the detection and demonstration of deception from the approach of complexity (Cardozo, 2011). If, in addition, such a system was sufficiently flexible to be useful in the daily practice of the various fields in which it may be necessary to use it, it could represent a significant advance in this area.
            These, together with those of Behavior Analysis in Ethology, Criminology, and Psychology, are the initial theoretical bases on which the System of Analysis of Validity in Evaluation (SAVE) is designed, establishing four phases in two domains of multiple and orderly but flexible application, to scientifically question the validity of a case and provide it with consistency and even legal value when appropriate. Although SAVE was born in a clinical context (Domínguez-Muñoz et al., 2014) its main area of knowledge is the study of lying and deception, an area in which there is a large bibliography, somewhat dispersed among various disciplines, which must be incorporated as a source of academic knowledge for its use in the applied field (Domínguez-Muñoz et al., 2017).


The invention discloses a linen fabric finishing process which comprises the following steps: (1) adding 3.4 parts by mass of aluminum sulfate, 2.6 parts by mass of polypropylene glycol and 1.7 parts by mass of antimonous oxide into 7.8 parts by mass of deionized water for mixing, and uniformly stirring; (2) simultaneously and slowly adding 2.9 parts by mass of anionic polyacrylamide and 1.8 parts by mass of polyethylene glycol, continuously stirring until the solution is fully and uniformly mixed, thereby obtaining a finishing agent; and (3) padding the fabric in impregnation liquid containing the finishing agent, and drying at a constant temperature. According to the linen fabric finishing process disclosed by the invention, the finished fabric has excellent antibacterial performance, antifouling resistance and high washing resistance.


We consider the problem of fitting given data (u<inf>1</inf>,y<inf>1</inf>),...,(u<inf>m</inf>,y<inf>m</inf>) where u<inf>i</inf>∈ Rnand y<inf>i</inf>∈ R with a convex polynomial f. A technique to solve this problem using sum of squares polynomials is presented. This technique is extended to enforce convexity of f only on a specified region. Also, an algorithm to fit the convex hull of a set of points with a convex sub-level set of a polynomial is presented. This problem is a natural extension of the problem of finding the minimum volume ellipsoid covering a set. The algorithm, like that for the minimum volume ellipsoid problem, has the property of being invariant to affine coordinate transformations. We generalize this technique to fit arbitrary unions and intersections of polynomial sub-level sets.


Ocean mesoscale transients are revealed in Geos 3 altimeter data. The transients are brought out by inspection of the differences within groups of coincident orbits in the western subtropical North Atlantic Ocean. Each of the five groups, used in the study, is composed of three individual Geos 3 orbits, lying within 2 km of the mean orbit of the group. The difference of each orbit from the group mean contains sea level transients and instrumental noise; the steady state geoid is removed. The noise dominates the spectrum below 200 km wavelength, whereas ocean mesoscale transient features dominate above 200 km. At the low frequency end of the spectra the time separation of the individual orbits may attenuate the signal of the long wavelength transients.


Fisher's approach only took into consideration the null distribution. This is because he viewed the null hypothesis an exact hypothesis, and so easier to test than the alternative. In the late 1920s, Pearson and Neyman introduced the concept of the alternative hypothesis. For example, the null hypothesis might be that a patient does not have a disease, whereas the alternative hypothesis may be that they are diseased, although the nature of the disease would normally need to be specified. Each hypothesis is characterised by a distribution, for example, the concentration of a metabolite in the urine of a donor. Figure 1 illustrates two such distributions.


Come Build your Dream Home On this Outstanding Long Range Mountain View Lot. In this Up Scale Gated Mountain HomeCommunity of Bear Paw Views with Wide Paved Roads and Underground Utilities.See Three States and the Great SmokeyMountains of NC & TENN f


Managing COVID-19 going forward—the lessons from history R. Bucala, G. Friedland and F. M. Snowden From the Department of Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA, Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA, Department of Epidemiology & Public Health, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA and Department of History and History of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA


The Precambrian rocks in the area north-east of Disko Bugt can be divided into a lower gneiss group and an upper supracrustal group. The lower part of the supracrustal group consists of quartzites, amphibo lites and garnet-staurolite schists, while the upper part is mainly semi pelitic schist. The gneisses were affected by three successive phases of deforUla tion, while in the supracrustals only the two latest phases of folding can be recognized. Evidence is given in support of the idea that the supracrustals were deposited on a gneiss basement after the first phase of folding, the basement being later reactivated mainly during the third and last deforma tion. Two main tectonic compLexes can be distinguished in the area mapped: a southern complex characterized by a predominarit ENE direction of the fold axes and a northern complex in which the main fold axes are strongly curved around a central gneiss dorne. The transition zone between the southern and northern complex is marked by the presence of severaL important faults and mylonites. bolite facies conditions, prevaiLed during the recrystaLlization the a (lower) Niaqornarssuaq Formation, made essentially of quartzites and mica schists, and an (upper) Qilaussaq Formation, composed mainly of semipelitic schists. These two major lithological divisions were recognized and described by Ravier (1949) in the area east of Eqe.


Diabetes is a costly disease in terms of human suffering and cost to the NHS. Good management will reduce the risk of long-term complications. Sue Olive tells you how.


This paper addresses the main empirical challenge faced in the literature on take-up of social benefits of disentangling the marginal effect of stigma, information and administrative costs. The low degree of complexity and negligible role of stigma of the investigated social program reduce significantly the frequent problem of biased estimates due to interactions between various costs of participation. Using two separate quasi-natural experiments further helps to minimize the risk of selection bias in estimating the relative importance of information and administrative costs. The first "experiment" shows that the take-up rate of a household with lower administrative costs is not significantly different from otherwise identical households. In contrast, using the same program, the second "experiment" reveals that the take-up rate of a household that is more likely to be informed is substantially higher compared to otherwise identical households. These findings support the idea that information plays a major role in explaining non take-up of social benefits.


Tungsten oxide (WO3) is a good photoanode material for oxidizing water, but it is not an efficient absorber of sunlight because of its large band gap (2.6 eV). Recently, stable clathrates of WO3 with interstitial N2 molecules (xN2·WO3, x = 0.034–0.039) were synthesized, with a band gap of 1.8 eV. We studied the structural and electronic properties of these clathrates using ab initio calculations, and we analyzed the physical origin of the gap reduction reported experimentally. We found that both structural changes caused by the insertion of N2, and a small charge overlap between N2 and WO3, are responsible for the gap decrease. We compared the effect of N2 intercalation to that of other closed shell species, in particular CO and rare gas atoms. Our calculations predicted that CO insertion lowers the band gap by about the same amount as N2 but it leads to a change of both the oxide valence and conduction band positions, while the presence of N2 only affects the conduction band minimum. We also predicted th...


IDIOPATHIC infarction of the omentum is a rare condition of particular surgical interest, not only on account of its uniqueness, but from the point of its differential diagnosis from other acute abdominal emergencies. Its rarity is evident from the fact that a search of the literature reveals only some 20 reported cases, if we exclude that type of infarction associated with torsion of the omentum, which is somewhat more common. The condition was first described by Bush


Anthropometric, mortality, and population data presented by Svedberg [1990] in this journal suggested a slight anti‐male bias in undernutrition in sub‐Saharan Africa. This article re‐analyses some of the same anthropometric, mortality, and population data and supplements them with more recent findings. In contrast to Svedberg's results, it finds evidence of a slight and rising anti‐female bias in sub‐Saharan Africa, which is particularly apparent in mortality and population indicators.


ABA-type block copolymers of poly(1,4-dioxan-2-one) (PDON) with poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) were synthesized and characterized. From the results of differential scanning calorimetry and wide-angle X-ray diffraction, it was observed that the PDON blocks show similar crystallization behavior with homopolymer while the PEG blocks demonstrate lower melting temperature and crystallinity than PEG homopolymer. Their dynamic contact angles (θa) decreased with the increase of PEG fraction in copolymers, indicating the hydrophilicity of PDON-b-PEG-b-PDON (PDPEPD) copolymers was improved gradually. The potential application of PDPEPD copolymers in the drug delivery system has been investigated. The release rate of Levonorgestrel (LNG) increased with the strengthening of hydrophilicity of copolymer samples. The burst effect of release of LNG is small in copolymers with short PDON blocks. When DON mole fraction in copolymers is high enough, no burst effect can be observed. In an experimental period of about 25 days, the release rate of LNG kept almost constant. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 68: 2121–2128, 1998


We propose Birds: a bare-metal recovery system for instant restoration of data services, focusing on a general-purpose automatic backup-and-recovery approach to protect data and resume data services from scratch instantly after disasters. We design BIRDS to possess two appealing features: full automation in the backup-and-recovery process, and instant data service resumption after disasters. BIRDS achieves the former one with automatic whole system replication and restoration, by taking the backup process outside of the protected system with the help of a novel non-intrusive light-weight physical to virtual conversion method. The latter one is enabled by a novel pipelined parallel recovery mechanism, which allows data services being instantly resumed while data recovery between the backup data center and the production site is still in progress. We implemented a BIRDS prototype and evaluated it using standard benchmarks. We show that BIRDS outperforms existing disaster recovery techniques by the means of recovery efficiency while introducing relatively small runtime overhead. Furthermore, BIRDS can be directly applied to any existing system in a plug-and-protect fashion without requiring re-installation or any modification of the existing system.


Francis Archer has designed extraordinary structures, not all of them built. The engineer for London's Garden Bridge talks to Jackie Whitelaw about how creativity is never wasted.


With the development of new energy vehicles, it is necessary to develope new fast charging cathode materials for lithium ion batteries. This paper reports a simple carbon thermal reduction routine to synthesize layered LiMoO2 cathode for Li-ion batteries. Impurity-free micro-crystalline powders were synthesized by one-step method with a thermal treatment at 800°C for 5 hrs under N2 atmosphere. The structural, morphological and electrochemical properties of LiMoO2 were characterized by using X-ray diffraction pattern (XRD), scanning electronic microscopy (SEM), charge/discharge cycling and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The diffraction results indicate that the prepared sample has a layered hexagonal structure related to α-NaFeO2. The secondary particles are in order of 2.0 μm length on average with homogeneous distribution. The initial discharge capacity of LiMoO2 is 110.9 mAh·g-1 at 0.1 C, and the capacity can still remain 92.8 mAh·g-1 after 100 cycles. The good cycling performance and high rate discharge performance are attributed to the smaller charge-transfer resistance revealed by EIS results.


The myxoma virus (MYXV) was used in Australia in 1950 to control, albeit temporarily, the overpopulation of the invasive European rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus). A different strand of the virus was released in France two years later, resulting in the drastic decline of European rabbits in the Iberian Peninsula and the rest of Europe. The MYXV's disease, myxomatosis, is a highly contagious and normally fatal infection in a rabbit species lacking resistance, such as the European rabbit. As myxomatosis was spreading across the European continent, Spain started to invest in nuclear energy. The use of myxomatosis as a bioweapon and the creation of nuclear energy capable of radioactive pollution are also at the core of Spanish filmmaker Carlos Saura's La caza (The Hunt, 1966). This article argues that The Hunt provides an important examination on extinction and biopolitics at both local and global levels through its portrayal of myxomatosis and radioactivity.


Abstract Background To review and summarize all U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approvals of programmed death (PD)‐1 and PD‐ligand 1 blocking antibodies (collectively referred to as PD‐[L]1 inhibitors) over a 6‐year period and corresponding companion/complementary diagnostic assays. Materials and Methods To determine the indications and pivotal trials eligible for inclusion, approval letters and package inserts available on Drugs@FDA were evaluated for approved PD‐[L]1 inhibitors to identify all new indications granted from the first approval of a PD‐[L]1 inhibitor on September 4, 2014, through September 3, 2020. The corresponding FDA drug and device reviews from the marketing applications for the approved indications were identified through FDA internal records. Two reviewers independently extracted information for the endpoints, efficacy data, basis for approval, type of regulatory approval, and corresponding in vitro diagnostic device test. The results were organized by organ system and tumor type. Results Of 70 Biologic Licensing Application or supplement approvals that resulted in new indications, 32 (46%) were granted based on response rate (ORR) and durability of response, 26 (37%) on overall survival, 9 (13%) on progression‐free survival, 2 (3%) on recurrence‐free survival, and 1 (1%) on complete response rate. Most ORR‐based approvals were granted under the accelerated approval provisions and were supported with prolonged duration of response. Overall, 21% of approvals were granted with a companion diagnostic. Efficacy results according to tumor type are discussed. Conclusion PD‐[L]1 inhibitors are an effective anticancer therapy in a subset of patients. This class of drugs has provided new treatment options for patients with unmet need across a wide variety of cancer types. Yet, the modest response rates in several tumor types signal a lack of understanding of the biology of these diseases. Further preclinical and clinical investigation may be required to identify a more appropriate patient population, particularly as drug development continues and additional treatment alternatives become available. Implications for Practice The number of PD‐[L]1 inhibitors in drug development and the associated companion and complementary diagnostics have led to regulatory challenges and questions regarding generalizability of trial results. The interchangeability of PD‐L1 immunohistochemical assays between PD‐1/PD‐L1 drugs is unclear. Furthermore, robust responses in some patients with low levels of PD‐L1 expression have limited the use of PD‐L1 as a predictive biomarker across all cancers, particularly in the setting of diseases with few alternative treatment options. This review summarizes the biomarker thresholds and assays approved as complementary and companion diagnostics and provides regulatory perspective on the role of biomarkers in oncology drug development.


The paper presents a universal solution, simple and efficient to implement redundancy in electronic systems that process external signals. Is presented the structural schematic diagram of a redundant system in which notification of any defect and correct interpretation of the break signal is carried by comparing the output signal from the base unit to the signal provided by a standard or control block, which in principle is identical to the base.


After Greek Tragedy and the Historian (Oxford, 1997) comes a dose of pure Pelling on a broader subject—though not that broad, since a more accurate title would be: 'Some literary texts and the historian of late μfth-century Athens'. The texts include Thucydides, Aristophanes (Acharnians, Lysistrata), Plutarch (Nicias, Alcibiades, Pericles), Apollodorus = Pseudo-Demosthenes 59, Eumenides and Orestes, Lysias 1, and Xenophon's Oeconomicus. Histor(iograph)ical topics include several old favourites (Thucydidean speeches; women; the 'seriousness' of comedy), though there is little on others, e.g. religion or barbarians. P. acknowledges some impact from theoretical work on performance, narratology, reader-response, reception, New Historicism and gender, but that the impact is implicit is one of his strengths. Two others are his elegant amalgam of academic and conversational style and his sense of humour. (There are numerous allusions to TV comedy. But why none to Blackadder?) While problematizing texts, P. resolutely clings to reality: 'Those who died at Salamis or Syracuse were not killed by a text, and we owe it to them to try and μnd out what happened'. If this involves being keenly aware of reasons why surviving texts might not tell us, the trust is not betrayed. Nor (as we have seen) does P. betray reality through excessive theorizing, rightly unwilling to '[pass] o¶ criticism as more sophisticated, and more driven by a particular theory, than it really is'. What drives P. is the texts, approached with scholarship, reasonable cynicism, and good humour. Some principles emerge. We should note what the author expected to be sayable without alienating the audience, test comic texts by asking how little must be true for a joke to work, expect authors to cater for di¶erent reactions, look for how the audience thought, attend to context, and avoid hermetically sealing 'funny' from 'serious' ('the funny is the serious': p. 160). These are not wholly new ideas, but any student of classical Athens will μnd pleasure and proμt in inspecting P.'s 'worked examples' (p. ix). The devil is in the detail, but so are the pearls. P.'s texts are diverse and, though rhetoric is a common factor, the manipulations of reality in Thucydides or Plutarch are rather di¶erent from those in forensic oratory, comedy, or tragedy. One must agree that Plutarch is 'not merely . . . a "source" but also . . . an intelligent and knowledgeable reader of events and texts'; and one may agree that Thuc. 1.22 is a deliberately ambiguous statement about speech(re)construction designed to cover a variety of individual cases, or that 'the truest cause but least clear in what was said' makes sense because (i) Spartan fear and 'enforced' war-declaration are not clear elements in Book 1 speeches, and (ii) the phrase may really apply to the actual speeches of 435–432. But this all seems remote from the problems of using, for example, Troades, and there is some equivocation in treating Plutarch, Thucydides, and Euripides undi¶erentiatedly as authors of 'literary texts'. (Moreover, Plutarch's date detaches him from P.'s prevailing concern with classical Athenian views.) Thucydides' 'need-to-know' policy and 'combative' silences do have a forensic quality; and historians can be as equivocal as poets. But the luxury 322   


This chapter introduces the privacy management framework as a means of studying patient-centered e-health. The chapter raises some important issues in regards to the privacy domain of e-health and offers a privacy framework to look at the issue that addresses some of the concerns people and industries have regarding privacy. The framework does not neglect the important distinction between the different interests affected by e-health. It acknowledges the voluntary nature of the way in which individuals have surrendered control over personal information in exchange for the benefits that information technology brings. Because the applications of information technology are logically malleable, there are sufficient strategic reasons to suggest that privacy management as a concept and practice will survive, and that to ignore privacy issues might be fatal for the success of PCEH. IntroductIon Transactional and interactive patient-centered ehealth (PCEH) has many direct impacts on health service. Most e-health Web sites are pitched publicly as tools that give individuals greater control over their lives and their healthcare. Electronic health information on the Internet can be easily accessible to many different people. A health provider's ability to quickly access a customer's entire medical record, assembled from various sources, can facilitate diagnosis and eliminate medical errors, such as prescribing incompatible medications. Health records are kept and shared for diagnosis and treatment of the customer, payment of healthcare services rendered, public health reporting, research, and even for marketing and use by the media. Individuals can interact with doctors and other participants in chat rooms and by e-mail, and they can obtain healthcare services, such as second opinions and medical consultations, and products 1744 Copyright © 2010, IGI Global. Copying or distributing in print or electronic forms without written permission of IGI Global is prohibited. 1745 Privacy Management of Patient-Centered E-Health such as prescription drugs, online (Choy, Hudson, Pritts, & Goldman, 2001). Unfortunately, such information practices may conflict with individuals' desires to be shielded from unauthorized use of their personal information. All of these activities involve the exchange of information with or without the consent of the individual, and with or without their knowledge. Mouse clicks and keystrokes are frequently recorded by online health organizations. That means information about which Web sites he or she visits, how long he or she stays there, and where he or she goes afterward are recorded. The majority of data exchange is visible to the individual, but there are many methods through which a Web site can gather information without the individual being aware, including cookies and data-mining. Whenever he or she visits a Web site, a large amount of information may easily become available to the Web site. When transactions are stored and exchanged using electronic services, personally identifiable information become more widely accessible and potentially vulnerable. Even when a customer orders a medicine from an online pharmacy, transactional information about the purchase is recorded, and information about that particular transaction can be (and frequently is) used for future business decisions and actions (Järvinen, 2005). The ability to provide differentiated, consistently superior service on the Internet will be crucial to the survival of healthcare providers and affiliated organizations, and the customer vulnerability is exceptionally high, due to the sensitive nature of information. The protection of individuals' personal health information is not an option but a necessity, but the study of 39 U.S. health providers' privacy policies submits that health providers' Web sites are still at relatively early stages in their privacy issue evolution (Järvinen, 2005). Many practices suggest privacy is not a fundamental priority for those organizations. Most Web sites do not meet fair information practices—such as providing adequate privacy notice, giving customers some control over their information, and holding business partners to the same privacy standards. Every analyzed Web site had a privacy policy, but the responsibility is left to the customer to read and understand the entire privacy policy at every visit. Many of the analyzed privacy policies contained technical and confusing language (i.e., unnatural language) that makes it difficult for the customers to fully understand what they are agreeing to. When the ethical problems involving e-health are considered, none is more paradigmatic than the issue of privacy. Given the ability of information technology to widely gather, endlessly store, cheaply transfer, efficiently sort, and effortlessly locate information, we are justifiably concerned that e-health may provide the means to invade our privacy and reveal information that is harmful to us. Information and knowledge easily cross cultural, institutional, organizational, and many other boundaries, and e-health application and its context may be so novel that there are no convenient customs or laws established anywhere to cope with privacy issues. A vacuum in terms of privacy practice may occur in every culture. The key detail of the Internet is that there is no such thing as "absolute privacy." There is no central authority or management, and no one to install the technology or establish network-wide security and privacy policies. We are, however, reluctant to give up the advantages and the services of the Web technology. We appreciate the easy access to the Web site services when checking health information, buying the drugstore items, and many other things. The number and kinds of PCEH applications increase dramatically each year, and the impact of the Web technology is felt around the planet. The widespread use of personally identifiable information (PII) and the complexity of Web infrastructure is a combination that makes solitude and privacy more essential to the individual. Privacy has emerged as a central policy concern as more people go online every day. Not surprisingly, a 15 more pages are available in the full version of this document, which may be purchased using the "Add to Cart" button on the product's webpage: www.igi-global.com/chapter/privacy-management-patient-centeredhealth/49963?camid=4v1 This title is available in InfoSci-Books, Business-Technology-Solution, InfoSci-Medical, Healthcare, and Life Science and Technology, Communications, Social Science, and Healthcare. Recommend this product


A plant, based on the Open-Cycle Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC) concept, was designed to supply electricity and fresh water to a Pacific Island community. In order to boost fresh water production, a second-stage flashing unit, driven by the residual thermal gradient of the OTEC seawater effluents, was incorporated. A 1.6 m diameter high density polyethylene (HDPE) Cold Water Pipe (CWP) was chosen as the design starting point. Other major design options include mixed-effluent discharge, spout evaporators, channel-type surface condensers and a single-flow axial turbine. Some important parameters, such as cold seawater intake depth and flow rate, condenser length and cooling-fluid velocity, were optimized. A net power output of 1.05 MWe and a fresh water production of 55 kg/s can be achieved.


This work proposes opinion frames as a representation of discourse-level associations that arise from related opinion targets and which are common in task-oriented meeting dialogs. We define the opinion frames and explain their interpretation. Additionally we present an annotation scheme that realizes the opinion frames and via human annotation studies, we show that these can be reliably identified.


This research is entitled" Winnie's Personality In Natalie Babbit's Tuck Everlasting." The object of this study is to see the personalities of the character in the novel. This research is based on the awareness psychological approach to the type study and laws of psychology are applied to literary works. In this research, the researcher applied psychological approach and Individual psychological theory. Through the objective approach the researcher see the personalities of the character in the novel. The method of the research is descriptive qualitative method. The main data are taken from words, phrases, and sentences of the novel. The supporting data are taken from some books, articles, and internet. The results of this study are clearly explained as follows. The researcher found six personalities in the novel: fictional finalism, social interest, inferiority feeling, striving superiority, style of life, and creative power. From the six analysis of Adler's individual psychological is connected to each other and builds a unity from the main character's personality.


We conducted the first comprehensive quantitative review on the effects of habitat fragmentation on Neotropical primates to examine how both patch disturbance and landscape variables modulate species–area relationships (SARs) and species persistence in fragmented forest landscapes.


Abstract : The Liberation War of Bangladesh-1971 is the biggest event in the history of Bangladesh. The courage and tenacity displayed by Bangladeshi forces act as beacon of revitalizing Bangladeshi spirit in building a cohesive and prosperous society. However, this is not the end. As we talk about the Liberation War of Bangladesh-1971, it was not a war for Bangladeshis only. India was also intricately involved right from the beginning. India helped Bangladesh by providing safe sanctuaries for Bangladeshi forces, logistic supply, and above all, sheltered approximately 10 million refugees for 9 months. Bangladeshi forces fought against Pakistani forces for eight long months and were successful in depleting it significantly. Finally, it intervened the war directly by sending four Corps inside Bangladesh. India's direct involvement achieved a lightning victory in 13 days for the allied forces and gave birth to a new nation- Bangladesh. This research explores the effectiveness of India's assistance in the Liberation War of Bangladesh-1971. This also identifies that India's direct involvement was decisive in drawing a quick conclusion and creating a new nation.


This is the raw EEG data for the study. Data is in BioSemi Data Format (BDF). Files with only "II" in the file name were recorded during the reported 1-Exemplar categorization task; "RB-II" files were recorded during the reported 2-Exemplar categorization task. "Resting" files were recorded during wakeful resting state data.


Part I. Shame, Shame Management and Regulation: 1. Shame and shame management 2. The normative theory of shame 3. Revising the theory of reintegrative shaming 4. Just and loving gaze Part II. Shaming and Shame: Regulating Drink-Driving: 5. Shaming and shame 6. Three conceptual approaches to the emotion of shame 7. The reintegrative shaming experiments 8. Testing the dimentiality of shame 9. Testing the dimentiality of shaming 10. The relationship between shame and shaming 11. An ethical-identity conception of shame 12. Shame, shaming and criminal justice Part III. Shame Management: Regulating Bullying: 13. The bullying problem 14. The concept of shame management 15. The integrated model of shame management and bullying 16. Explaining bullying 17. Patterns of shame: bully, victim, bully/victim and non-bully/non-victim 18. Creating institutional spaces for shame management.


Effects of carbon content on primar)1 recrystallization texture, AIN precil)itation, grain size and dmwability are investigaled on FeAIN alloys qf vmying composition , with A l from less than 0.005% up 10 0.06%, with N from less than 0.002% up to 0 . 02°~ , and with Cfroln 0.001% Ul) to 0.04% . W ilh increasing carbon content, the amount of grains wilh {11 1} lauice plane I)arallel to the sheet plane decreases, the main component of primary rwystallizalion textu re changes from {ill } (110) to {554} <225>, grain size decreases , grain shape changes from Ihe " I)ancake" 10 Ihe equiaxial type, and the drawability decreases markedly. T hese effects of carbon content on various Inoperties qf FeAIN alloys are rather inconspicuous for up to 0.0 J% but become extTeme!y marked when it exceeds O.Ol ~o . They are explained by the effect of carbon conlent on AIN precil)itatioll during jJrecil)ilation treatment I)rior to cold rolling and during heating for the final annealing temperatu re.


This study explored the generation gap and conflict among teachers in the teaching society focusing on mutual perceptions and evaluations between teacher generations. For this purpose, in study 1 we classified elementary school teachers into the following: 86 generation, X generation, and the MZ generation respectively and examined the degree of mutual perception of each other by generation. Results of survey analysis show that the perception of generational differences between young MZ generation teachers in their 20s and 30s and 86 generation teachers in their 50s and 60s was noticeable, indicating clear generational boundaries. On the other hand, Generation X, who is in their 40s, is a generation sandwiched between the younger generation of the MZ generation and the older generation of 86 generation in terms of psychological distance. In addition, MZ generation teachers tended to perceive that generation differences could be the cause of intergenerational conflict than 86 or X generation teachers, but overall, elementary school teachers did not have a high perception of teacher conflict in schools. In study 2, through empirical data through FGI, how to evaluate each other between generations and the contents of mutual evaluation between teacher generations were examined in more detail. As a result of the study, each generation had both positive and negative perceptions of the other generation, but in particular, the lower generation, the MZ generation, had a stronger negative perception of the upper generation, the 86 generation. However, the perception of psychological discomfort or conflict felt by the other generation seems to be caused by differences in subjective perceptions and interpretations of expression methods or behavior patterns between generations. Based on the results of this study, implications for intergenerational communication and cooperation in the teaching society were discussed.


IN 1983, OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS RELEASED Jules Tygiel's Baseball's Great Experiment: Jackie Robinson and His Legacy. Commenting in the New York Times, Christopher Lehmann-Haupt stated that Tygiel placed the baseball story "on a bigger canvas—one so capacious that there [was] even room for anecdotes about what it was like for blacks to play in the Texas minor leagues during the 1950s—and lets the reader draw his own conclusion." Using this "bigger canvas" allowed Tygiel to examine issues in depth like Branch Rickey's real motive in making the decision he did. Was it humanitarianism, or did the Dodgers president simply envision how popular and profitable black players would ultimately prove? According to Lehmann-Haupt, Tygiel appeared to credit both factors, as well as the increasing pressure that was being put on baseball to desegregate. To be sure, Baseball's Great Experiment remains one of the most definitive monographs about the integration of organized baseball. Tygiel's book can be briefly summarized as follows. Although his primary focus was on Brooklyn Dodgers general manager Branch Rickey and Robinson, Tygiel analyzed the forces that denied blacks access to organized baseball and the plethora of individuals and societal pressures that attacked the conspiracy of silence. He provided an in-depth and critical look at Rickey's strategy for integration and recognized that his motives resulted from a combination of economics, the desire to exploit a new source of baseball talent, a commitment to humanitarian principles, and the desire to move beyond the limited world of baseball and influence developments in the broader society. Tygiel praised Rickey's courageous action, but he was also


We present a system for reading out signals from an array of 8 superconducting single photon detectors, which implements a high-performance architecture of multi-channel TDC in programmable logic with resolution guaranteed below 22 ps referred to each single channel. Each one of the 8 channels of the system consists of a detector, an analog conditioning stage, a comparator, and one channel of the TDC. Moreover, the TDC is equipped with an edge detector able to sense the position of the transition propagating along the delay line in the TDC layout within eight clock cycle, i.e. 20 ns. The host device is the programmable logic part of a Xilinx ZYNQ-7020 SoC device, even if also different FPGA devices could be used just with a simple migration at no cost. The system is interfaced by means of a USB 3.0 communication gate.


Tithonia diversifolia(Hems1.) A.Gray.,native to Mexico and Central America,has long been cultivated in China as an ornamental and green manure plant.At present,it is recognized as an invasive alien species in the tropical,southern and central sub-tropical regions of China.Nine samples of T.diversifolia were collected form Hainan,Guangdong,Guangxi,Yunnan and Fujian provinces or autonomous region and their content of mineral nutrient elements analysed,based on which the quality of T.diversifolia as organic manure was assessed.The result showed that T.diversifolia contained large amounts of macro elements such as N,P and K and rich trace elements like Fe,Mn,Cu,Mo,B,and the like,and met the national standard for second class organic manure.


The development of private higher education should be based on the harmonious development of private colleges; therefore,private colleges should attach great importance to the mental harmony of the students,and enhance their mental health education from the following three aspects:1.To strengthen the cultivation of comprehensive quality,emphasize vocational psychological education;2.To enhance the administration of students,perfect psychological health management system;3.To promote the forming of campus culture,improve students'humanism consciousness.


We are very excited about this year's program. Our outstanding invited speakers cover a range of cutting edge topics from a number of disciplinary areas including the latest findings on sleep and the brain, psychobiological reactivity to stress, education inequality, interpersonal risk and depression, and peer victimization among sexual minority youth. Invited panels also cover important topics related to neurocognition, intersectionality and health, positive youth development, the risks and opportunities of social media and transgender and gender non-conforming youth. Also included on the program are an invited roundtable where you can get practical tips on conducting international research, an invited panel to consider the future of developmental science, an invited workshop where you will learn strategies for writing for nonacademic audiences, and a new format – a "data blitz" to offer rapid presentations on adolescents and social media use. Finally, on Thursday night we will have a special screening of the documentary, "Screenagers" with a moderated discussion after the film (and popcorn and cash bar during!). We hope this will be a more informal and fun opportunity to engage in conversation and share ideas. Please join us for these invited sessions as they take place in the morning and throughout each day of the conference.


A remote cluster system for providing a number of passenger seats with passenger services within an aircraft passenger cabin. The cluster includes a motherboard (2), having a power input connection (40) in communication with an aircraft electrical power source; a signal input connection (41) in communication with an aircraft passenger set services unit; a number of circuit board slots in communication with the power input connection (40) and signal input connection (41); and a number of passenger seat output connectors (43), each output connector (43) communicating with at least one of the circuit board slots. A number of circuit boards (39) are each removably engaged in an associated circuit board slot of the motherboard (2) and passenger seat service cables (7) communicate between the passenger seats and each passenger seat output connector (43). Preferably, each passenger seat has a dedicated passenger seat output connector (43), a dedicated passenger seat service cable (7) and a dedicated circuit board (39) to accommodate passenger service upgrades and simplify maintenance troubleshooting. Cooling fans (27) and a fan speed and temperature sensor (28) are provided.


Abstract Objective. This in vitro study evaluated the cytotoxic effects of the Curcuma zedoaria (Christm.) Roscoe (popular name: zedoary) fluid extract, as used in preparations for oral hygiene, mostly for anti-septic purposes. Materials and methods. The cell viability and cell growth were assessed by Trypan blue dye exclusion assay using the LMF cell line derived from oral mucosa. Cell viability (short-term assay) was measured 0, 6, 12 and 24 h after contact with the fluid extract. Cell growth (long-term assay) was analyzed in 1, 3, 5 and 7 days. The experimental groups were those testing the fluid extract obtained from the zedoary rhizome and the extractor liquid (ethanol 70° GL) in the concentrations of 0.01–0.0001% v/v. Fresh DMEM were used in the control cultures. Results. Short-term assay—all studied cultures maintained stable cell viability; Long-term assay—there was progressive cell growth in all studied cultures. Conclusion. According to the results, the zedoary fluid extract presents low cytotoxicity and probably can be used in the oral hygiene products.


(57) Abstract: Poly superabsorbent gel composed mainly of (vinyl guanidine) is disclosed. The superabsorbent gels comprise a poly (vinyl guanidine) polymer, a mixture of an acidic water-absorbing polymers such as polyacrylic acid, or a salt of poly (vinyl guanidine) polymers.


The Standards of the Fire Fighting Design in a High-rise Building is the fundamental guideline of fire fighting designs in a high-rise building.This paper discusses the issues in terms of the establishment of commercial service network,the building structures,the human evacuation and fire control water supply,pointing out the issues and revising some provisions of The Standards of the Fire Fighting Design in a High-rise Building.


Obesity in pets is a frustrating, major health problem. Obesity in human children is similar. Prevailing theories accounting for the rising obesity rates – for example, poor nutrition and sedentary activity – are being challenged. Obesity interventions in both pets and children have produced modest short-term but poor long-term results. New strategies are needed. A novel theory posits that obesity in pets and children is due to 'treats' and excessive meal amounts given by the 'pet–parent' and child–parent to obtain affection from the pet/child, which enables 'eating addiction' in the pet/child and results in parental 'co-dependence'. Pet–parents and child–parents may even become hostage to the treats/food to avoid the ire of the pet/child. Eating addiction in the pet/child also may be brought about by emotional factors such as stress, independent of parental co-dependence. An applicable treatment for child obesity has been trialled using classic addiction withdrawal/abstinence techniques, as well as behavioural addiction methods, with significant results. Both the child and the parent progress through withdrawal from specific 'problem foods', next from snacking (non-specific foods) and finally from excessive portions at meals (gradual reductions). This approach should adapt well for pets and pet–parents. Pet obesity is more 'pure' than child obesity, in that contributing factors and treatment points are essentially under the control of the pet–parent. Pet obesity might thus serve as an ideal test bed for the treatment and prevention of child obesity, with focus primarily on parental behaviours. Sharing information between the fields of pet and child obesity would be mutually beneficial.


Asparagine (Asn) can be synthesized by a tRNA-dependent mechanism, in which a non-discriminanting aspartyl-tRNA synthetase (ND-DRS) generates a mischarged aspartyl-tRNAAsn (Asp-tRNAAsn) that binds to a tRNA-dependent amidotransferase (AdT) which converts the tRNA-bound aspartate (Asp) into Asn generating the Asn-tRNAAsn required for the ribosomal translation. A similar path is used for the Glutaminyl-tRNAGln (Gln-tRNAGln) biosynthesis and requires a non discriminating glutamyl-tRNA synthetase (ND-ERS), able to aminoacylate tRNAGln with glutamate (Glu) and the same AdT which convert Glu bound to tRNAGln into glutamine (Gln). We have shown that only one nucleotide located into the acceptor arm of tRNAAsn allows efficient conversion of Asp into Asn by the AdT. Moreover, we show that the ND-DRS, tRNAAsn and AdT assemble into a specific ribonucleoprotein complex called transamidosome. Finally we show that in plant mitochondria and chloroplasts the same way is used to synthesize Gln-tRNAGln.


The knowledge and understanding of kaleidoscopic and hypermodern societies rely heavily on the term "recognition." This term carried a great deal of significance in the Russian philosophical tradition, but attracts less attention now. The main purpose of this paper is to offer a contribution to the discussion on this topic, by considering both the Russian and the European philosophical traditions, with specific reference to the Italian perspective. The methodological focus is concerned with the two essential aspects of recognition: that of the interpersonal and that of the group. Our philosophical analysis of recognition endeavors to take into account first and foremost the problematic field of Otherness. The process of recognition of the Other is thus considered according to three stages of approval: cognitive, moral and social. Cognitive approval includes the identification of the Other as opposite to the group as well as to each individual. The moral stage contemplates concretization of social objectives and accepting the Other as a whole that should above all be respected and accepted. At the stage of social approval, the individual is being recognized within the social context of a group (closed social group) as recognition or rejection. Specifying the recognition leads to a reduction in the number of conflicts, the clarification of borders, and the acceptance of Otherness as an element of individuality. The contribution to the theory of recognition here outlined is new to the Russian scientific context, and may prove challenging in the context of Russian-Italian dialogue. It also constitutes an attempt to compare the common representations of Otherness with current theoretical developments. The theory is illustrated by analysis of closed social groups functioning as a promising series of case studies, in order to open up a renewed interest in research into social reality theories in both Russian and Italian contexts.


Daniel J. Crowley (Notre-Dame, Indiana): Artistic creativity of the Cameroons (British and French Cameroons). Victor D. Du Bois (Princeton): The method of leadership recruitment at the national level in Guinea (London, Paris and Guinea). Elaine C. Hagopian (Boston): The Berber groups (Boston, Paris and Morocco). Jean F. Herskovits (Oxford): The role of the returned liberated Africans in the development of Lagos Colony (Oxford University and London). Erich Isaac (Temple University): The influence of religion in determining land-use and settlement patterns (Rhodesia and Nyasaland). Martin L. Kilson (Harvard): The political development of Sierra Leone (England and Sierra Leone). Charles-Henri-J. La Muniere (Harvard): Socio-economic study of a developing fishing industry on the Kafue River (N. Rhodesia). Robert F. Murphy (Berkeley, California): Ethnographic study of the Tuareg peoples of French West Africa (France and French West Africa). William A. Shack (Ministry of Education, Ethiopia): Tribal migration to urban Ethiopia (London School of Economics). Marshall H. Segall (Columbia): Psychological study among peoples in process of acculturation in British East Africa (England and Uganda). Leon Siroto (Columbia): Study of the social and religious roles played by masks among the Bakwele (French Equatorial Africa). Audrey Smedley (Manchester): The effects of economic and social change on pagan communities in N. Nigeria (Manchester and the Plateau Province of N. Nigeria). James H. Vaughan, Jr. (Northwestern): The dynamics of culture change resulting from the introduction of a hospital among the Marghi peoples (Nigeria and the Cameroons).


Solar Photovoltaic (PV) systems are experienced low power generation due to partial shading conditions (PSCs). The major reasons of shading scenarios are clouds, nearby high floor buildings, trees, and telecom towers, etc. When the PV modules are partly shaded, it decreases the power output and efficiency as well. In addition, PV modules show multiple power peaks at the power-voltage (P-V) curve. Different PV module arrangements explore to diminish the shading impacts. In this paper, total cross-tied (TCT), Su-do-Ku (SDK), and Improved Su-do-Ku (I-SDK) puzzles based electrical connections of modules are adopted and tested under PSCs in PV array. The performance of the I-SDK arrangement of the PV modules based array system has highest shade-dispersion, which is cause of best power enhancement. The values of different performance parameters such as mismatch power loss (PL), fill factor (FF), performance ratio (PR) and power point locations at global and local maxima power point (LMPP and GMPP) are analyzed in MATLAB/ Simulink environment.


Human-wildlife interactions resulting in conflict remains a global conservation challenge, requiring innovative solutions to ensure the persistence of wildlife amidst people. Wild Seve was established in July 2015 as a conservation intervention program to assist people affected by conflict to file and monitor claims and receive ex-gratia payments from the Indian government. In 48 months of operation, Wild Seve filed and tracked 13,808 claims on behalf of those affected from 19 forest ranges around the Bandipur and Nagarahole National Parks in Karnataka, India. This included 10,082 incidents of crop loss, 1,176 property damage incidents, and 1,720 incidents where crop and property loss occurred together. Wild Seve also filed claims for 782 livestock predation incidents, and assisted in 45 human injury incidents and three human fatalities. Elephant related losses comprised 93.9%, and big cat losses comprised 5.5% of reported cases. Wild Seve provides an immediate response to human-wildlife conflict incidents and improves access to ex-gratia payment schemes. Wild Seve is a low cost intervention that uses open-source technology and leverages existing policies to facilitate ex-gratia payments. The Wild Seve model of monitoring and addressing human-wildlife conflict is adaptable and scalable to high conflict regions globally, to the benefit of people and wildlife.


To explore the adsorption of Congo red (CR) dye from textile effluent, natural clay glauconite was employed as a sustainable and inexpensive adsorbent. The effects of varying concentrations of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) on glauconite alteration were examined. Furthermore, this research focuses on the optimal NaOH concentration that improves removal efficiency and adsorption capacity. Thus, four NaOH solutions of concentrations ranging from 1 M to 4 M were used to activate glauconite raw (GL), indicated as GLACT1M, GLACT2M, GLACT3M, and GLACT4M. These samples were characterized using different analysis tools. The effects of starting concentration, adsorption time, adsorbent dosage, pH, temperature, and reusability on removal efficacy were all investigated. The data show that the CR removal efficiency increases with modification up to a 2 M NaOH activation, beyond which it begins to decrease. At 25 °C and pH 7, the CR removal efficiencies were ~77%, 72%, 80%, 34.5%, and 30.5% by GL, GLACT1M, GLACT2M, GLACT3M, and GLACT4M, respectively. Batch experiments were performed to explore both the kinetics and isotherms of CR adsorption to determine the impact of different experimental conditions accurately. Moreover, isotherm interpretations demonstrated that the Freundlich isotherm closely matches the experimental results. The pseudo-second-order model clearly explains the obtained results (R2 = 0.998) from 5 to 25 ppm for GL, GLACT1M, GLACT2M, and GLACT3M, but GLACT4 is expressed by the Elovich model from 20 to 25 ppm. The reusability investigation revealed that the reusability of adsorbents could be achieved efficiently. The findings suggest that glauconite and its NaOH-activated forms can be employed as natural and affordable adsorbents for removing CR from textile effluent.


ABSTRACT Dehydrated salted meat is widely used in Brazil as a very important source of animal protein. The main objective of this kind of processing is water removal. initially by osmotic pressure changes and then by drying, resulting in a product with intermediate moisture levels. In this work, mass transfer and salt diffusion in pieces of meat submitted to wet and dry salting were studied. Slabs of beef m. trapezius with an infinite plate geometry were salted in a NaCl saturated solution or in a dry salt bed, at two temperatures (10 and 20°C) and different time exposures (120 min and 96 hours). Equilibration studies were extended up to six days. It was observed that water loss increased with salt uptake, for increasing periods of times. At 20°C the moisture loss was higher than it was at 10°C in both salting processes. On the other hand, the kinetics of salt uptake and moisture loss were of greater importance in the process of dry salting than in that of wet salting. The salt diffusion coefficient for w...


The objective of this research was to model and identify the best models to estimate the leaf area of pigeonpea determined by digital photos with the length or width and/or the product length width of the central leaflet limb of the leaf. Two trials were carried with the culture of pigeonpea. In the first experiment, samples from 200 leaves were taken at 45, 52, 59, 65, 72, 79, 86, 94, 100, 106 and 114 days after emergence (DAE), totaling 2,200 leaves. In the second experiment, a sample from 220 leaves was collected at 69 DAE. In these 2,420 leaves, were measured the length (CFC) and width (LFC) and calculated the product length width (CFC×LFC) of the central leaflet. Then, was determined the leaf area of each leaf (sum the leaf area of the leaflets left, center and right) by the method of digital photos (Y). After, were separated, randomly, 90% of the leaves from the first experiment (1,980 leaves), to build models of quadratic type, potency and linear for Y function of the CFC, LFC and/or CFC×LFC. The remaining 10% of the leaves from the first experiment (220 leaves) and the 220 leaves collected in the second experiment, separately, were used to validate the models. In pigeonpea, the quadratic model (Ŷ=0.4295+1.5895x+0.0011x2, R2=0.9710), the potency model (Ŷ=1.6591x0.9983, R2=0.9769) and the linear model (Ŷ=-1.3555+1.6858x, R2=0.9708), of Y as a function of CFC×LFC are adequate for estimation of the leaf area and linear, may preferably be used.


Observations were conducted at the light and electron microscope level of the formation and mineralization of dentin. At the light level it was shown that predentin is made up of the odontoblast process, collagen fibers and a ground substance. As mineralization occurs, the fibers tend to condense and thicken in areas adjacent to the odontoblast process. Fibers continue to invade the developing matrix and, as in early dentinogenesis, they appear at all times to be derived from the pulp.


The paper discusses the general route that peoples' moral quality functions economy development.The low moral quality is the root of poverty.Hence,putting forward farmer moral education is the proposal of fighting against poverty.


The present invention relates to an ultrasound imaging system (12) that simultaneously creates and displays images from two or more intersecting planes in real time. The system includes an ultrasound probe head (1) and a console (2). The probe head (1) has a transducer field or a combination of at least two transducer arrays to generate two or more imaging planes. The console can address the electronic signal (to emit ultrasound waves) to different transducer arrays or to combinations of transducers in the same probe and thus generate corresponding images from different imaging planes which the console can display simultaneously. The invention as well relates to a method that combines in-plane and out-of- plane instrument guidance.


Nucleoside ethoxycarbonylphosphonates were prepared by condensation of appropriately protected nucleosides with ethoxycarbonylphosphonic acid. They were easily converted by treatment with 1 M NaOH followed by trimethylsilylation to highly reactive bis(trimethylsilyl) nucleoside phosphite intermediates which were allowed in situ to react with water, diphenyl disulfide, 2,2′-dipyridyl disulfide, and aldehydes to afford the corresponding nucleoside phosphonates, nucleoside S-phenyl phosphorothioates, nucleoside phosphates, and nucleoside α-hydroxy phosphonates in good yields, respectively. The nucleoside phosphonates were further converted to nucleosides under mild acidic conditions. Thus, the ethoxycarbonyl group proved to serve as a versatile protecting group for not only H–P(O) but also HO–P(O) and hydroxyl groups of sugars.


Cagman et al. (2011) [3] introduced soft topology on a soft set and deflned soft topological space. They deflned the basic notions of soft topological spaces such as soft open sets, soft closed sets, soft interior, soft closure, soft basis, soft neighborhood, soft limit point, soft boundary, soft subspace and soft Hausdorfi space and explored several basic properties of these concepts. But we found that some basic results are not true in general. The main purpose of this note is, with the help of counter examples, to establish that some results do not hold


Public key cryptography is an important technique to realize network security and information security.But the traditional public key cryptosystems are proved quite slow.To overcome this drawback,several fast public key cryptosystems are proposed.The security of a public key cryptosystem is analyzed.It is pointed out that the decryption can also be carried out without factoring the modulus.An equivalent secret key of the public key cryptosystem can be found in polynomial time by using the continued fraction algorithm.One can decrypt any ciphertext using the equivalent secret key.Hence,the public key cryptosystem is insecure.A novel continued fractions attack algorithm is proposed.Experimental results show it is effective.


Mode-locked lasers are a paramount example of dissipative nonlinear systems that support bound-states of multiple sohtons [1, 2]. However, rapid dynamic interactions between sohton complexes with pico-to femtosecond separation are mostly inaccessible to standard laser characterization techniques, including scanning interferometric autocorrelation, temporally-averaging spectroscopy or single-shot measurements at low repetition rates.


A coupled leaf/canopy radiative transfer model, LCM2, has been developed with NASA and AFRL funding to investigate the feasibility of detecting spectral signatures from within and under a vegetation canopy. The model is unique in that it features direct radiative transfer coupling between the leaf scattering elements and the canopy reflectance, through the within-leaf radiative transfer model, LEAFMOD. The leaf radiative transfer model characterizes photon scattering within a participating homogeneous leaf taking into account both biochemical composition and leaf thickness. The leaf model is incorporated as the scattering element in a canopy reflectance model (CANMOD) assuming a bi-Lambertian leaf scattering phase function. The primary distinction between conventional and canopy radiative transfer is canopy architecture, which is introduced through leaf angle distributions. A Lambertian partially reflecting background is assumed to lie beneath the canopy. The influences of biochemical composition, average leaf thickness, reflecting background, and canopy architecture on canopy reflectance can therefore be investigated. The model is extended here to include azimuthal dependence by considering collided and first collided radiances separately. The LCM2 model with the new azimuthal correction will be coupled to an atmospheric radiative transfer code, MODTRAN4, to simulate a satellite imager response at orbital altitude.


This article discusses the dilemmas documentary filmmakers face when acting upon the cosmopolitan ethos in a context of ongoing civil warfare and peace facilitation from the international society. This ethos is well known and accepted among Western audiences. When applied outside the Western hemisphere, the perspective of human-interest stories tends to get lost among audiences attached to the conflict. Instead, these stories may easily become identified as new public diplomacy on behalf of the participants on the 'perceptual battlefield' of war. The authors focus upon how this can be a challenge for Western states involved in peace processes in the same conflicts, especially for those small states that have little hard power and have to rely on gaining the trust of the conflicting parties. The article uses a case study of the Norwegian documentary My Daughter the Terrorist about the civil war in Sri Lanka as an example. The film became the epicentre of a major controversy during a critical stage in the peace process facilitated by the Norwegian government. The authors suggest the concept of diffused war can be translated as diffused peace facilitation to describe its effect on the peace process.


Sea urchin (Diadema setosum) is an invertebrate from class Echinoidea which have long spine with five, characteristic white dots that can be found on its body. Sea urchin can be found in abundant in lagoon, particularly areas of coral rubbles thus it is associated with unhealthy coral areas. There were few studies on sea urchin in Sabah in terms of species diversity, distribution and density, however there is no molecular study on this species yet. Therefore this study is designed to sequence the 16S rRNA gene of D. setosum from Sabah. This study involved samples collection from Kudat and Lahad Datu, Sabah, total genomic DNA extraction using phenol- chloroform method, Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) to amplify 16S rRNA, PCR product purification, direct DNA sequencing and data analysis. A total of 500 bp 16S rRNA gene sequences obtained from Diadema setosum of Kudat and Lahad Datu. These sequences match 16S rRNA gene of D. setosum DQ073741.1. Genetic divergence between D.setosum Kudat and Lahad Datu was 0.8%, wheres between samples from Sabah and D.setosum DQ073741.1 was in range 4.3 – 4.5%. The phylogenetic study showed that all sea urchin; Diadema setosum in this study are monophyletic.


Abstract : This analysis considers a search problem in which the search is directed against a conscious evader or an object controlled by a conscious evader. It is a two-person, zero-sum game called a search evasion game. Although the searcher cannot observe any of the evaders actions, the evader can observe the searcher's and can capitalize on errors that he makes. At the beginning of the game, the evader hides in one of several boxes. The search process consists of a sequence of looks into the various boxes until the evader is found. Each look into a given box takes a fixed amount of time. If the searcher looks into the box in which the evader is located, he will find the evader with a certain probability--the detection probability associated with the box in question. A particular evasion device is assumed: the evader can move from one box to another between looks. A cost is usually associated with such a move.


: In this paper, Meta-analysis was adopted to evaluate the effectiveness of fat grafting to prevent and treat scarring in patients. PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, China Knowledge Network, Wanfang Data Knowledge Service Platform, and VIP databases were searched for relevant literature on fat grafting for scar prevention and treatment. Meta-analysis of the data was performed using Stata 16.0 software. Ultimately, 5 literature articles were included in this study, enrolling 428 patients with 428 scars. The Meta-analysis finally yielded the following results: the thickness, softness, pruritus, pain and color of the scars were significantly improved by fat grafting for scar treatment; there was no significant difference in the VSS scale scores of the scars. We eventually found that fat grafting was more effective in improving scar thickness, softness, pruritus, pain and color.


AbstractResilient critical airport infrastructures affected by a disaster need to sustain minimal functionality and quickly resume full operation, while at the same time coping with the increased o...


The effect of small periodic changes in the physical dimensions of closed periodic structures can be investigated using the perturbation theory developed by Muller and later by Slater.


Measurements ofsubcutaneous fatthickness provide valuable information regarding humanhealth. In previous studies, subcutaneous fatthickness wasestimated by bioelectrical impedance; however, thismethodrequired sophisticated equipment andanalysis. Theobjective ofthis studywas to developa simplemethodto determine subcutaneous fatthickness using apparent resistivity. A single- frequency 50-kHzbipolar pulsewasapplied toatetrapolar electrode, while steady-state pulses wereusedtodetermine the apparentresistivity. Subcutaneous fatthickness was determined usingultrasound tomography. We obtained a linear correlation ofR = 0.916betweensubcutaneous fat thickness andapparent resistivity frommeasurements at20 sites on a humananterior thigh.Theobtained regression equation suggests thatsubcutaneous fatthickness canbe estimated using theapparent resistivity. KeywordsApparent resistivity, bioelectrical impedance, subcutaneous fatthickness, Wennermethod


In this work, we develop and present a co-infection model for human papillomavirus (HPV) and syphilis with cost-effectiveness optimal control analysis. The full co-infection model is shown to undergo the phenomenon of backward bifurcation when a certain condition is satisfied. The global asymptotic stability of the disease-free equilibrium of the full model is shown textbf{not to exist}, when the associated reproduction number is less than unity. The existence of endemic equilibrium of the syphilis-only sub-model is shown to exist and the global asymptotic stability of the disease-free and endemic equilibria of both the syphilis-only sub-model and HPV-only sub-model were established. The global asymptotic stability of disease-free equilibrium of the HPV-only sub-model is also proven. Numerical simulations of the optimal control model showed that the optimal control strategy which implements syphilis treatment controls for singly infected individuals is the most cost-effective of all the control strategies in reducing the burden of HPV and syphilis co-infections.


This paper describes the development of a low cost, compact and portable automated piano player CantaPlayer. The system accepts digital MIDI (Musical Instrument Digital Interface) files as input and develops pushing actions against piano keys which in turn produces sounds of notes. CantaPlayer uses Pure Data, an audio processing software to parse MIDI files and serve as user interfaces. The parsed information will be sent to Arduino, an open source microcontroller platform, via serial communication. The Arduino I/O pins will be triggered based on the information from Pure Data of which connected transistors will be activated, acting as a switch to draw in larger power supply to power the solenoids. The solenoids will then push the respective piano keys and produce music. The performance of CantaPlayer is evaluated by examining the synchronousness of the note playing sequence for a source MIDI and the corresponding reproduced MIDI. Three types of MIDI playing sequence (scale, polyphonic and rapid note switching) were tested and the results were satisfactory.


Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) experience increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality risk. CKD is an independent risk state for coronary artery disease (CAD) development and progression, as well as being associated with poorer outcomes after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), including increased risk of in-stent thrombosis or acute myocardial infarction (MI). Thus, therapies known to improve cardiovascular outcomes in patients with or at risk for CAD, such as antiplatelet treatment regimens, might be of particular benefit to patients with CKD. However, it is well recognized that patients with CKD carry an increased bleeding risk even in the absence of antiplatelet agents, reflecting impaired platelet function and abnormal platelet– vessel wall interactions. An increased interest in the optimal antiplatelet treatment of patients with CKD with or at risk of CAD therefore is justified.


After any close inquiry into the present authority of the rule of the threemile limitof territorial waters, the candid observer will probabjy come to the conclusion that therule, while not infrequently attacked in theory, is supreme in practice. Diplomatists seldom or never question it; professors occasionally do. In the actual conduct of affairs,it is seldom challenged, and never successfully so. It must be premised that in what follows there is left out of account altogether the question of bays and gulfs. This is a different and more difficult question which can best be treated separately.


The present invention relates to a directional silicon steel sheet and a manufacturing method having both a preferred, and excellent coating properties and magnetic properties by using the applications such as iron cores of transformers and other electrical devices together. As an auxiliary inhibitor to aid the main inhibitor function of the directional silicon steel sheet, but to obtain the flux density to significantly above the conventional level by the use of the Bi, it was difficult to obtain good forsterite (forsterrite) film at the time of final annealing . Inventors of the Cr-spinel type in the middle of the oxide film (subscale) formed in the decarburization annealing process, an oxide, in particular, FeCr That is, Bi: to contain 0.005 ~ 0.20 wt% Cr of 0.1 ~ 1.0 wt% in the silicon steel slab containing and generating a Cr oxide of spinel type in the oxide film (subscale) which is formed on the steel sheet surface during decarburization annealing. the coating properties and magnetic properties, characterized in that to propose a method for producing superior directional silicon steel sheet.


An embodiment of the invention discloses an embedded browser realization method based on an IPTV (Internet Protocol Television) set top box and an apparatus thereof. The method comprises the following steps: calling a browser initialization function to initialize an embedded browser; receiving webpage information obtained by a webpage source; searching a corresponding webpage in a stream file data packet according to the webpage information; if the corresponding webpage exists, reading the corresponding webpage and displaying the webpage; if the corresponding webpage does not exist, carrying out error processing, and going on receiving the webpage information obtained by the webpage source. According to the embodiment of the invention, cost of the set top box is reduced, operation capability of the set top box is raised, multithreading is supported, and loading time is shorted.


Chemokine Receptor type 4 (CXCR4) is the increasing interest as a drug target, which is involved in many disease states including more than 23 types of cancer and several immunodeficiency disorders. On the other hand, the chemical constituents of medicinal plant are helpful in the discovery of therapeutic agents. Therefore the main aim of the study was to analyze the inhibitory activity of linoleic acid against CXCR4. Previous studies the natural compound of linoleic acid was isolated and identified from ethanolic extract of Cayratia trifolia. The molecular docking analysis was carried out to find the CXCR4 inhibitory activity of the isolated compound. Results, the isolated compound of linoleic acid possess comparable good Glide score and Glide energy when compared with FDA approved drug. Based on the results, it can be concluded that, the isolated compound of linoleic acid may act as novel inhibitor aginst CXCR4 and further it can be lead to development of therapeutic agent for variety of cancers and other disorders.


Ten multiple drug resistant enterobacterial pathogens were isolated from common sources of human consumption and were subjected to plasmid isolation. The multiple drug resistant (MDR)(write full abbreviation) isolates collected in the present study indicated the presence of plasmids of almost identical size of approximate 60 kb conferring resistance towards multiple antibiotics. An opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa contained a plasmid of slightly higher molecular weight. The isolates were subjected for antibiotic susceptibility testing against 10 antibiotics and found to be resistant towards six antibiotics. All the isolated MDR pathogens were found to be sensitive towards amikacin. Sensitivity for cefuroxime, oxacillin, and metronidazol differed for different species. The pattern of MDR bacteria was perturbing as simultaneous resistance to chloramphenicol and gentamycin, formed the common MDR pattern. The pattern was almost the same for the diverse species (Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Citrobacter diversus, Shigella flexneri, Salmonella typhi, Proteus vulgaris, Citrobacter freundii, Proteus myxofaciens, Klebsiella oxytoca, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) isolated from different food samples and strongly suggests prevalence of similar R plasmids. This suggests that antibiotic resistance is encoded on a high molecular weight plasmid, and can easily spread in the community through food stuff generally consumed by the common man.


Objective To investigate the long term toxicity of Compound Fructus Psoraleae Granules in oral administration way.Methods The rats were treated with 60,30,15 times of clinical daily dosage of adults for 3 months continuously,then with 2 weeks of drug withdrawal.The body weight,organ index,hematology,blood biochemistry and histopathology were measured for indicators.Results All of three groups of rats had no toxic symptoms,the body weight,food consumption,and indicators of hematology,blood biochemistry and histopathology had no abnormal changes in significance of toxicology.Conclusion The long term oral administration way of compound fructuspsoraleae granules has no significant toxic reactions,the dose of nontoxic reaction is 16g/(kg·d),and it can be recommended in clinical therapy.


Swagger replaces politics. Gesture replaces knowledge. Anger displaces art. Authority is overrun by mock-Caesarism and phony science. Catastrophe is run by the government. The world is given over to chancers, cronies and gangsters. Only the cynical and stupid are satisfied. An alarm is going off, but next door. They are throwing open shops and bars, and then all dying, but in another country. We are all, somehow, a little bit guilty, without knowing exactly how we could have stopped this happening. We are all perhaps sick without knowing it. I am, perhaps, sick. It is always tempting to see ourselves as living in a time of great undoing, and to look to history for precedents: Black Deaths, total war, the fall of empires. The western-educated look to western precedents pre- digested into western narratives in order to find lessons by comparing our present situation to that of fore-parents who were citizens of empires we now mostly revile. Yet the true precedents may be in the experience of the indigenous and ignored coping with colonialism. It is to the Ghost Dance, the Taiping Rebellion and the War of Canudos we should look in order to understand the fervour of everyone's seeking the return of an earlier dispensation. It is those who suffered the apocalypse of colonialism who are ahead of the west historically, in the same way that it is the peoples of Africa, the Middle East, South East Asia and Latin America who know more than westerners about corrupt, pseudo- democratic demagogues.


The expression of genes is a fundamental process in living cells, both eukaryotic and prokaryotic. The regulation of gene expression is achieved via sophisticated networks of interactions between DNA, RNA, proteins, and small chemical compounds. The qualitative and quantitative characterisation of interactions between genes is one of the major current research targets in systems biology. In this PhD research project, we view gene regulatory networks as Markov chains, resulting from popular formalisation frameworks such as Dynamic Bayesian Networks and Probabilistic Boolean Networks. This will allow us to reason about both the structure and strength of gene interactions. Our goal is to develop new algorithms and tools, which are tailored for the modelling and analysis of gene regulatory networks, by exploring model checking techniques that have been developed and widely used in computer science. More specifically, we will combine model checking techniques with sampling and optimisation methods from the literature to derive new techniques to solve the parameter estimation problem of Markov models of gene regulatory networks.


The Program Of Expansion Rice Fields On Rice Production In Current District Tanah Miring Regency Of Merauke. This research aimed to analyze the effectiveness the rice field expansion program in increasing paddy production. The research was conducted using descriptive quantitative approach. The research location was Tanah Miring Sub-District, Merauke Regency. The data collection was done using structural interviews through the questionnaires and the written documents. The 88 samples were chosen using Slovin formula and the sampling probability approach. The data were analyzedusing descriptive quantitative approach. The research results indicated that the farmers evaluation in relation to the effe ctiveness of the rice field expansion program in increasing the paddy production in Tanah Miring Sub-District, Merauke Regency were categorized as effective and effective enough.


The number of e-business companies with perishable products and cold chain logistics in China has increased year by year, but there have been few comprehensive evaluations of e-business companies with perishable products. This article selects 18 e-business companies with fresh and perishable products that are still in operation as samples, and establishes 12 evaluation indexes through data capture of customer online comments, text mining, and questionnaire survey. SPSS 22.0 software is used to conduct factor and cluster analysis. The measures that are used to evaluate these companies are analyzed through factor analysis. After the factor analysis, the status and ranking of the comprehensive power status of these companies were obtained. The data is also subjected to cluster analysis and these companies are classified as three groups and they can be managed differently based on their respective groups. Through the radar diagram, we found out that the most influential factors that consumers are concerned about EBPCs are freshness, fresh quality, and logistics distribution efficiency.


In this paper,the crystallization thermodynamic data,solubility and metastable zone width of 6-aminopenicillanic acid(6APA) were measured by using laser method.The solubility of 6APA was measured under the different temperatures,pH levels,mixed solvents,ionic strength and impurities.The data of metastable zone width of 6APA in aqueous solutions were obtained under the conditions of acid addition rates,initial concentrations of 6APA,temperatures and seed loading.The fundamental data would be key data for industrial design of 6APA production.


During the decades 1990-2010 that followed the introduction of the multiparty system in 1990, the educational environment in particular the academic institutions in Cote d'Ivoire were greatly affected by the recurrence of student union violence. With the "new departure" which marks a new dynamics of the universities by a break with the practices which have begun their normal functioning based on the effect of giving them their luster from before, we have noted the survival of this violence. The aim of this study is to discover, on the one hand, the perception that student unionists have about violence and, on the other hand, to analyze the stakes involved in the systematic use of violence by these unionized students during the two decades of 1990- 2010 to understand the survival of this phenomenon in the context of "new departure". To achieve this, we have chosen the six (06) unions that have marked the history of student violence the more during the period 1990-2010. With the aid of semi-directive interviews, we have collected the data which reveal the perception that violence for the trade unions is a legitimate and legal act according to their own statute and internal regulations. It shows that there is a congenital link between trade unionism and politics. Therefore, trade unionism cannot be exercised without politics. Under the stakes, it appears that violence is an indicator of trade union dynamism for political positioning; that it confers power by the domination of public spaces such as universities.


The objective of the research was to get the varieties that give the best production in RumbaiPekanbaru. The treatment design was three varieties of sweet corn, namely Sweet Bor, Sweet Lady, and Bonanza varieties. The environmental design used was a complete randomized design  withsix replications. The observation parameters were cob  with bractea, cob without bractea, length of cob with bractea, unsweetened length of cob, diameter of cob, and sugar content. The results obtained that Sweet Lady varieties was the best varieties.


This paper aims on improving the stability of a 9 bus power system under fault condition using coordination of FACTS device. Flexible A.C. transmission system (FACTS) can be regulated reliable with faster output and can improve local power grid status with control with appropriate control strategies in very small time period. Based on that, a particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm was executed, to design the coordinated parameter of static VAR compensator (SVC) and Thyristor Controlled Series Capacitor (TCSC). Simulation is performed on WSCC 9-bus system in MATLAB software. When 3 phase fault is applied near to generator, frequency and rotor angle changes accordingly. With coordinated control of FACTS devices with PSO has implemented both, near to its normal condition. PSO performed in this paper was structured on identifying the values of L and C of SVC and TCSC, for superior coordination.


A novel force identification method was proposed for reconstructing time history of an input force from dynamic responses.The proposed scheme was based on sensitivity analysis method,i.e.,the input force was expressed as a series of parameters,the sensitivities of the dynamic response with respect to these parameters were calculated in time domain,and then the sensitivities were used to update the parameters of the input force iteratively in the inverse analysis.Furthermore,the inverse analysis was ill-posed,and the regularization technique was utilized to alleviate the fluctuations caused by the measurement noise in the dynamic response.Finally,the proposed method was successfully used to identify the input force modeled in a generalized form of a sine series in numerical simulation.


The paper describes the influence of 1–3% (by dry mass of sand) Laponite, a highly plastic synthetic nanoclay, on the dynamic properties of Ottawa sand, based on undrained resonant column tests. Th...


This paper describes how the evolution of winter maintenance has not been limited to equipment and materials. Shift schedule management can play a significant role in the economics of an operation. Standard practice for winter maintenance was to schedule three, hour shifts per twenty-four hour period in order to cover any snow and ice emergencies. This practice was subjected to extensive criticism for the periods between storm events. The first change reduced the three shifts to two balanced shifts per twenty four hour period with two four-hour periods being covered by placing staff on-call with a minimum time charge and additional overtime premiums, when applicable. Such arrangement eventually lead to the criticisms of overtime payment and the cost of supporting full crews on standby. The standby and on call conditions were that being placed on call caused a minimum three hour payment and where an actual call out occurred, that minimum was paid on top of an overtime premium for all hours worked. The current arrangement of shift hours and time management is for a specialized operation such as winter maintenance. The objective of this paper is to document the experiences of the Region of Ottawa-Careleton in achieving maximum benefits of shift labor management while working within the collective agreement.


A wealth of studies have been conducted on drug treatment courts (DTCs) over the past two decades. However, relatively few studies have employed qualitative research methods, and even fewer are grounded in social science theory. Using structural ritualization theory (SRT), this research provides a theoretical framework for understanding specifically how DTC programs effect change in the lives of participants and the influence of DTC organizational structure on this process using qualitative methods. Data for this study were collected from semi-structured interviews with 23 DTC graduates previously enrolled in either Kalamazoo or Van Buren County DTC, both of which are located in southwest Michigan. Findings reveal support for SRT as a useful approach identifying the mechanisms of change within the DTC program that contribute to participant success.


The purposes of this study were to examine academic dishonesty, which focuses on plagiarism, in final reports written by English-majored students at four different faculties in four public universities and to study the in-text citations and references used in the final reports. A survey research was adopted in the current study, in which 80 final reports written by English-major students between 2014 and 2020 at four faculties—the faculty of languages (Souphanouvong University), the faculty of linguistics and humanities (Savannakhet University), the faculty of education (National University of Laos), and the faculty of education (Champasak University)—were collected through simple random selection. The Plagiarism Checker X was used to analyse and detect plagiarism in the students' final reports, and the number of plagiarized words and improper in-text citations and referencing are presented in the frequency. The results showed that 30,819 (67%) out of 45,999 words written by students at the faculty of languages (Souphanouvong University) were plagiarized, followed by 13,219 (63%) out of 20,982 words created by students at the faculty of education (Champasak University), and 27,735 (66%) out of 42,022 words were also cited as plagiarism at the faculty of linguistics and humanities (Savannakhet University). In contrast, only 9,674 (36%) out of 27,123 words written by students at the faculty of education (National University of Laos) were plagiarized. Another key finding of the current study is that 623 (76%) out of 926 references in the 80 manuscripts were checked and found to be inappropriately referenced, while 966 in-text citations were checked and showed that 45% (434 citations) were found to be incorrect.


This study summarized international common used indicators to measure food security, and compared two indicators, calorie intake and Food Consumption Score (FCS) based on the evidence of filed survey in 6 rural counties of west China. The results showed that the proportion of food secure households is 75.8% measured by the calorie intake, which are nearly 10 percentage points lower than that of measured by FCS. The match degree of the results measured by these two indicators is 70.03%. FCS indicator narrows down the gap of grain contributions and enlarges the gap of poultry and meats contributions compare with the calorie indicator. FCS considers diet diversity and balance more. KEYWORD: Food consumption score; Calorie intake; Food security


In modern global conditions, the revival of the economic belt of the Great Silk Road as a whole opens up...


An innovative system based on the time domain reflectometry (TDR) principle for the measurement of liquid level and interface is presented in this paper. The application of time domain reflectometry in liquid level monitoring is relatively recent and most promising due to the achievement of very high levels of accuracy and repeatability and to the substantial advantages over traditional sensors used for level sensing. After a brief review and description of the operating principle and a comparison to traditional techniques, the system is described with the results obtained using water as a sample liquid and water and diesel fuel to show the system capability of detecting liquid-liquid interfaces.


Simplified texts are commonly used by teachers and students in bilingual education and other language-learning contexts. These texts are usually manually adapted, and teachers say this is a timeconsuming and sometimes challenging task. Our goal is the development of tools to aid teachers by automatically proposing ways to simplify texts. As a first step, this paper presents a detailed analysis of a corpus of news articles and abridged versions written by a literacy organization in order to learn what kinds of changes people make when simplifying texts for language learners.


A veterinary degree can provide an ideal opportunity to broaden your horizons and travel the world, working in a variety of roles. Here, six veterinary surgeons who have spent varying amounts of time working overseas outline their very different experiences.


A design optimization is performed for the double-bolted joint in cylindrical composite structures by using a simplified analytical method. This method uses failure criteria for the major failure modes of the bolted composite joint. For the double-bolted joint with a zigzag arrangement, it is necessary to consider an interaction effect between the bolt arrays. This paper proposes another failure mode which is determined by angle and distance between two bolts in different arrays and define a failure criterion for the failure mode. The optimal design for the double-bolted joint is carried out by considering the interactive net-tension failure mode. The genetic algorithm (GA) is adopted to determine the optimized parameters; bolt spacing, edge distance, and stacking sequence of the composite laminate. A purpose of the design optimization is to maximize the burst pressure of the cylindrical structures by ensuring structural integrity. Also, a progressive failure analysis (PFA) is performed to verify the results of the optimal design for the double-bolted joint. In PFA, Hashin 3D failure criterion is used to determine the ply that would fail. A stiffness reduction model is then used to reduce the stiffness of the failed ply for the corresponding failure mode.


Immersive Virtual Reality (iVR) is rapidly altering the world we live in. Studies have shown that people exhibit similar behaviours and reactions in virtual retail scenarios, thus making iVR a promising tool for researchers to study in-store shopper behaviour. This paper investigates whether virtual avatars can affect users' perceived telepresence and shopping behavior. We recruited 54 participants to experience the virtual store and our findings showed the mere presence of virtual avatars in the store had no significant effect on participants' sense of telepresence and shopping behaviour. We believe this research highlighted the need for further study and contributed to the development of fully-fledged virtual simulated shopping experiences.


In the following essay, the critic Baudelio Lara provides a poignant perspective on the current art scene in Guadalajara. Since the dissolution of the international art fair Expo Arte Guadalajara, the city's art milieu has become culturally impoverished, due principally to a lack of commitment and interest as well as any consistent policy on the part of local and state governments. Lara examines in his essay, and in the exhibition ''So Far, So Close: Contemporary Art from Guadalajara,'' the particular energy that nurtures the current tapatı́o (Guadalajaran) art production through the ethos of a group of artists that includes José Dávila, Gonzalo Lebrija, Fernando Palomar, Agustı́n Solórzano, and Luis Miguel Suro. The pieces in the show include two videos, Suro's Concepto Espacial and Lebrija's Aranjuez, both characterized by a self-referential use of local urban culture and its rituals and myths blended with art-historical references; a number of photographs that poetically scrutinize everyday life; sculptures, by Suro and Solórzano, defined by an ironic use of icons of Mexican cultural identity, such as tacos and Talavera porcelain; and visually engaging artifacts, by Dávila and Palomar, that intentionally avoid any interpretation. The notions of far and close become relevant as the Guadalajara art scene and its fictions seem to remain eccentric to the center in more than one direction. ''So Far, So Close'' opened at the Americas Society Art Gallery on October 8, 2004, and runs through January 21, 2005.


The principal copper pyrometallurgical technology employed in Chile is the Teniente converter (TC). The smelting and converting processes involve complex dynamics with strong interactions among manipulated variables, state variables, and product characteristics. Furthermore, the converter products are periodically extracted in a semi-continuous process. Previous applications of model predictive control in TC operation have shown good performance. The recent development of an online-sensor for measuring the levels of the liquid phases opens up new possibilities for control of the process. The TC prediction model must accommodate discrete states for the white metal and slag tap holes. When the TC is inclined for maintenance, the injection system is disconnected and slag evacuation may occur via the converter mouth, thus affecting liquid level dynamics. The three possible incline positions or angles determine three discrete states, each one corresponding to a different set of liquid dynamics. Describing these situations therefore requires a hybrid dynamic model. This paper presents a hybrid grey box model for the Teniente converter process that combines continuous and discrete variables to describe six different operating mode.


We have found that native histone molecules as they occur in the nucleohistone component of pea bud chromatin contain RNA molecules chemically linked to them. The histone-bound RNA constitutes a new class of RNA, differing from other classes in base composition and in chain length. That the RNA content of native histone has not been discovered heretofore is due to the fact that histones are commonly extracted from chromatin with acid, a condition under which the RNA-histone bond is cleaved. Since the nucleohistone component of chromatin is inactive in the support of DNA-dependent RNA synthesis and since the histones are one class of agents responsible for such repression, their association with a specific class of RNA is relevant to considerations of the control of genetic activity.