The objective of this study was to investigate in vivo scientific validation of seven wild selected potentially probiotic lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strains isolated from human breast milk, Zabady and Laben Rayb. These strains were used in cultured fermented milk as a vehicle for delivery of beneficial bacteria for five weeks to seven Albino rats groups. Feeding cultured milk products increased rats' body weight compared to control without significant change in body organs' weights. Hematology parameters of treated rats were comparable to control. All tested probiotic strains showed a hypolipidemic effect either by reducing triglycerides (TG) or by reducing LDL-Ch and atherogenic indices. There was no remarkable effect on oxidative stress in treated rats according to superoxide dismutase (SOD) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) determining results and histological examination. The rats' groups fed cultured milk fermented using mothers' breast milk originated Enterococcus spp. cultures resulted in higher intestinal and fecal LAB comparing to control group. There was considerable suppression in intestinal and fecal contents of Staphylococcus spp. and coliforms among all treated rats' groups. Safety considerations of these probiotic strains were confirmed when carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) levels and histological examination of liver tissues showed no changes comparing to control.


We propose an instructional model for computational modelling, based on a methodology commonly described in the mathematical modelling literature. Computational modelling should be seen both at the level of creation of a given model, and at that of learning through the construction of series of models. We present an analysis of the learning needed for the construction of a model, and a further level of analysis for what is needed to generalize from particular models. We describe a way of representing qualitative knowledge of relationships, through the construction of causal diagrams. Finally we present a framework for evaluation of teaching, related to the analysis.


Corrosion damage can be classified into: 1) General (unlocalized) corrosion, 2) Pitting, 3) General intergranular corrosion, 4) Stress corrosion, 5) Corrosion fatigue. Of these, the first causes le...


Recent experiment found a quantum length dependence of oligothiophene molecule conductance at low bias [Xu et al., nano Lett. \textbf{5}, 1491 (2005)], the long molecule has large conductance. By means of a first-principles method we obtain both the quantum length dependence of conductance at low bias and the classical length dependence of conductance at high bias region for oligothiophene. In between there is an oscillated conductance behavior. The transport behaviors are determined by the distinct electronic structures of the molecular compounds. The various conductance length dependence may appear for the organic compounds. Our further investigation finds that the classical conductance length dependence in polyphenanthrene dithiolates and another unusual conductance length dependence in polyacene ditholates: the quantum length dependence of conductance is at the high bias and the classical length dependence of conductance is at the low bias.


There are limitations of material flow in university logistic service.This paper analyzed the elements in the information system of material flow in university logistic service and puts forward a design and its implementation of the system.


The reaction of
Ru3(CO)6(μ-CO)(μ3∶η2
∶η3∶η5-C12H
8) (physisorbed on SiO2) with CO in the solid state
leads to Ru3(CO)12 and acenaphthylene in quantitative
yields; the Ru3(CO)12 generated in situ is
highly mobile leading to a reduced chemical shielding anisotropy.


This article is aimed at introducing the basic principles during the postoperative period, and the continuation of the care till the patient resumes his/her personal and/or professional activities using the hand. This is the third of the series of articles on the management of hand injury in general. The reader is expected to refer to the previous articles on anatomy, assessment and management of the injured hand.


Continuous paleosecular variations reconstructed from sedimentary archives have remarkably deepened our insights into the dynamics of the Earth's magnetic field as well as the chronological purpose. Nevertheless, to construct reliable sedimentary paleomagnetic records in diagenetic reducing sediments is challenging generally due to the pervasive magnetic mineral diagenesis. The relict magnetic minerals are residuals after diagenesis and probably able to record a depositional remanent magnetization, thus it is worthy to explore their paleomagnetic potentials. For this study, two Black Sea sediment cores covering the past 8 ka were subjected to mineralogical and paleo‐ and rock magnetic analyses. Paramagnetic pyrite framboids are pervasive in the studied sediments deposited under anoxic bottom water conditions in the Black Sea. In addition, relict magnetic minerals of ferrous hemoilmenite, Fe‐Mn and Fe‐Cr spinels, and magnetite inclusions are also present in the studied cores. Compared to the previous published paleomagnetic results from the same cores over the last glacial period (20–30 ka) which are dominated by detrital (titano‐)magnetite particles, the studied relict magnetic mineral samples exhibit a similar behavior in recording the depositional remanent magnetization. Furthermore, the obtained paleosecular variations spanning the past 8 ka reproduce the high intensity patterns observed in the regional archeomagnetic and volcanic datasets. Thus, the successful reconstruction of paleomagnetic secular variations from the anoxic Black Sea sediments greatly extend the application of paleomagnetism in sediments deposited in water with a reducing sub‐surface environments from where paleomagnetic data are generally sparse.


Underwater vehicles have the characteristics of complex operation environment, highly nonlinear motion and time-varying parameters. In the complex control system, the generalized predictive control has the ability of nonlinear representation as usual. In order to improve the performance of roll control of ROV, a method based on generalized predictive control was proposed to restrain the overshoot and fluctuation caused by changing too fast of roll angle in this paper. When applying linear generalized prediction algorithm, the dynamic model is firstly used to describe the nonlinear dynamic process of MC-ROV and then it is equivalent to a time-varying linear system. In order to avoid the inverse matrix of generalized predictive control optimization, a direct generalized predictive algorithm for constrained input and output is used to decrease the amount of calculation with only one constraint. At the same time, due to the poor response and robustness of generalized prediction at the initial time, the PID algorithm is introduced. The experiment results on this ROV system demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach and the satisfactory performance is achieved.


The data envelopment analysis (DEA) model is an efficiency analysis model based on linear programming, which can evaluate the comprehensive efficiency of multi-input and multi-output systems. In college physical education classes, to cultivate students' physical exercise habits, improve students' physical education classroom efficiency, and promote the continuous development of students' lifelong physical education ability, college physical education teachers must implement effective teaching methods in the teaching process. This goal is to use the literature and logical analysis method to summarize the relevant Research on the application of the DEA model in sports performance evaluation in China and abroad and put forward some suggestions for the further application of the DEA model in sports performance evaluation in the future. This research prospect data envelopment analysis method should be combined with theoretical and empirical Research in the field of physical education teaching evaluation in colleges and universities to provide a method to improve the efficiency of physical education in colleges and universities in this paper.


: This study was conducted to investigate Prevalence of Fasciola gigantica in Al-Anbar govrnorate by test of (540) slaughtered sheep with different ages and sex (233 males and 307 females) in different areas in Al-Anbar govrnorate (Ramadi, Faluja, Heet, Hadytha, Rutba) by optical test for year 2012.The total infection was 8.3% The infestation percent in females was 10.4% which was higher than the infestation percent in males which was 5.5%.The infestation percent had increased with age progresses. The highest infestation percent was 14.2% at age more than eight years, Also, highest percentage of infection in Ramadi 11.3% and lowest percentage in Rutba 3.7%. Highest percentage of infecdtion was found in October 20% and November 13.6%which decline in June 3.2%.Significant differences were found between the number of Parasite in the gall bladder and their Liver for both males and females at (P> 0.05).The study included the inhibition effect of Urtica urens aqoues extract on Fasciola gigantica viability, the results indicated that F. gigantica viability decreased by (0.1) to (10) Mg/ml concentration and more decreasing by more concentrations, that the viability rate decreased.


The speed-up of the disc rotation in dry centrifugal barrel finishing is done and its influence on finishing characteristics is experimentally examined. The workpiece is a sliced cold rolled bar of plain carbon steel (S45C in JIS, HB221). It is 32mm in diameter and finished to10mm in thickness by belt grinding. The equilateral triangular prism nylon media (1010mm, A#320) is used at 20vol% in media charging ratio. The disc rotation speed is increased up to 500min-1. By speeding up the disc rotation, the finishing speed improves, but the total efficiency decreases.


The article examines the historical aspects of the formation of enterprises of power engineering and electrical indus-try in the Far East in the 1950s – mid 1970s. It was revealed that the limited management reform, the reluctance of the center to co-ordinate decisions with the region, the one-sidedness of the development of industries, did not bring the expected results. The Far Eastern region poorly provided itself with electrical products, which in many types were delivered from other regions of the USSR.


Nonhydrostatic modeling has emerged as an effective tool for seismological and tsunami research for over a decade, but its general application in hazard mapping and engineering design remains a topic of discussion. The approach incorporates the depth-averaged vertical velocity and nonhydrostatic pressure in the nonlinear shallow-water equations that provide a Poisson-type equation via the conservation of mass for quasi-three-dimensional flows. After the 2011 Tohoku tsunami, the State of Hawaii augmented the existing inundation maps to account for probable maximum tsunamis from Mw 9.3 and 9.6 Aleutian earthquakes. The use of both hydrostatic and nonhydrostatic modeling with a common set of telescopic computational grids covering 1330 km of shorelines facilitates a thorough intercomparison under distinct extreme events over a range of tropical island terrain and bathymetry. Including vertical flow dynamics can enhance the formation of a slowly attenuating trough behind the leading crest across the ocean as well as drawdown of receding water over steep nearshore slopes. The nonhydrostatic approach consistently gives lower predictions of the offshore tsunami amplitude due to frequency dispersion but can produce more severe coastal surges from resonance of the leading crest and trough over insular slopes as well as trapping of tsunami waves by wide shelves. Despite the potential for underestimating coastal surges, the lack of vertical inertia in hydrostatic models can result in substantially larger runup over steep terrain. The tsunami processes leading to inundation are complex with a strong dependence on the waveform and topography that can be well elucidated by the nonhydrostatic approach.


Aiming at the high precision time synchronization demand of naval formation execute operational cooperative attack,the article presents a design for time synchronization system,based on UWB CDMA technology.The system employ TOA algorism,high definition wave design,robust synchronization technology,and FFT frequency correcting technology,achieve reliable time synchronization in war-field complex electromagnetic environment.The time synchronization precision performance is higher than 10 ns.According to the simulation results,it has been proved assuredly that the proposed design and key algorithms are effective and has good performance.


Platelet activation requires sweeping morphological changes, supported by contraction and remodelling of platelet actin cytoskeleton. In epithelial and endothelial cells, AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) controls actin cytoskeleton organization through the phosphorylation of cytoskeletal targets, namely myosin regulatory light chains (MLC), cofilin and the vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein (VASP), extending the role of AMPK beyond metabolism. In this thesis, we hypothesized that AMPK was activated in thrombin-stimulated platelets and played a role in platelet secretion, aggregation and clot retraction, by regulating polymerization and/or organization of actin cytoskeleton through the phosphorylation of MLC, cofilin and VASP. We show that human platelets expressed exclusively the AMPKα1 isoform. In human purified platelets, thrombin led to a transient activation of AMPKα1 and to phosphorylation of its substrate acetyl coA carboxylase (ACC). Platelets isolated from mice lacking AMPKα1 exhibited reduced aggregation and secretion in response to thrombin, associated with a defect in ACC, MLC, cofilin and VASP phosphorylation. These changes were associated with an abrogation of thrombin-dependent F-actin formation. Moreover, the percentage of platelets able to form lamellipodia after immobilization on fibrinogen-coated coverslips and stimulation by thrombin, was significantly reduced in the absence of AMPKα1, indicating an altered cytoskeleton reorganization during spreading. More importantly, clot retraction was slower and less effective in KO platelets. Conclusion: AMPKα1 plays a critical role in platelet function in response to thrombin through the phosphorylation of cytoskeletal targets and the subsequent regulation of cytoskeleton organization -dependent processes. This conclusion is supported by clinical data showing that AMPK is also activated in vivo, in platelets of patients undergoing cardiac surgery and therefore submitted to a thrombotic process designed to counter bleeding.


This study investigates the direct effects of corporate diversification on accounting reports, and the implications of these effects for accounting research. The study shows that firms which diversify into unrelated areas of business devote a larger proportion of their capital investments to acquisitions and are, therefore, characterized by smaller differences between replacement-cost and historical-cost values of assets than undiversified firms. The implications of these findings, as well as other operating characteristics of diversified firms, for the following areas of accounting research are subsequently examined. (1) Inflation-adjusted data. Inflation-adjusted data of diversified firms have less incremental information content (beyond historical-cost) than those of undiversified firms. (2) Earnings Response Coefficients. Diversified firms have stronger market associations with earnings changes, and their earnings are more persistent. (3) Selection of accounting methods. Diversified firms select, ceteris paribus, more liberal accounting methods than their undiversified counterparts.


Since its establishment in 1966, the Department of Geology in Kuwait University has played a major role in providing the oil industry in Kuwait with qualified geologists. The Department offers a B.Sc (Hons.) Geology course of four years' duration, which currently attracts about 160 students. The geological content of the course increases year-by-year. The first two years provide a general geological background, while the last two include more advanced courses. A wide range of subjects is available, including micropaleontology, stratigraphy, structural geology, geophysics, geochemistry, sedimentology, petroleum geology, igneous and metamorphic studies, and the regional geology of the Arabian Peninsula. Optional courses include plate-tectonics, physical geology, environmental geology, marine geology, and engineering geology.


This paper presents a reliable design method through signal integrity (SI) analysis, procedure, and debugging in high speed PCB production. Especially, it deals with high speed SI analysis process in computer system expansion board HDCA system PCB design. Pre PCB simulation and post PCB TDR measurement, results and analysis are described.


Users may access full items free of charge; copies of full text items generally can be reproduced, displayed or performed and given to third parties in any format or medium for personal research or study, educational or notforprofit purposes without prior permission or charge, provided: • The authors, title and full bibliographic details is credited in any copy; • A hyperlink and/or URL is included for the original metadata page; and • The content is not changed in any way. ABSTRACT Anxiety can have positive effects on some aspects of cognition and negative effects on others. The current study investigated whether task-relevant anxiety could improve people's ability to withhold responses in a response inhibition task. Sixty-seven university students completed a modified and an unmodified version of the Sustained Attention to Response Task (SART; Robertson et al., 1997) and provided subjective measures of arousal and thoughts. Anxiety appeared to improve participants' ability to withhold responses. Further, participants' performance was consistent with a motor response inhibition perspective rather than a mind-wandering perspective of SART commission error performance. Errors of commission were associated with response times (speed-accuracy trade-off) as opposed to task-unrelated thoughts. Task-related thoughts were associated with the speed-accuracy trade-off. Conversely task-unrelated thoughts showed an association with errors of omission, suggesting this SART metric could be an indicator of sustained attention. Further investigation of the role of thoughts in the SART is warranted. 1. Introduction Unravelling the relationship between subjective states, especially those which are consciously reportable, and performance may help resolve the role consciousness plays in human behavior. Matthews et al. write (2002, p. 316), " a subjective state may be defined as a relatively transient mental quality permeating conscious awareness whose representation is distributed across a variety of mental processes or structures, and which has the potential to generalize across activities and contexts. " Matthews (2001) proposes a state-mediation model in which environmental conditions and tasks impact internal states which then influence information-processing. Research has explored the performance correlates of conscious states. For example, anxiety and arousal states affect cognitive performance. Often anxiety has negative consequences, such as being detrimental to working memory (Matthews & Campbell, 1998) and test anxiety has been found to be detrimental to retrieval from long term memory suggested arousal increases the availability of resources for sustained information-processing. There are situations where experiencing anxiety may also have positive effects on a person's cognition. In a recent …


in its aftermath, encountered a Stalinist state that worked almost as a caricature of itself, with confusing ideological messages and campaigns. Fürst argues that such factors contributed to this generation's particular penchant for consumption, individualism, and private life. The factors that had operated before the war to cement popular loyalties and galvanize mobilization in regime-supportive activities rang hollow afterwards. There are intriguing contradictions that emerge in her discussion of Soviet youth. She argues that this postwar generation did not necessarily reject Soviet culture. There were still official values that had meaning for them, but they increasingly looked away from the state for personal fulfillment. Over time, this eroded the essential foundation of the Soviet system. The state continued to promote popular heroic myths, but young people interpreted them in their own ways, often at cross purposes with the state. This did not necessarily make them dissidents, but it made them less in tune with the state and its ideology. Significantly, this accounts for the ultimate failure of the system, as well as for the facts that it lasted as long as it did and that certain attributes of the Soviet system have reappeared in the post-Soviet successor states. There is little provision made, however, for the impact of the Stalinist terror and of de-Stalinization on the erosion of popular belief. The author does not fully reconcile the contradictions she identifies, particularly the fact that the same generation could give birth to both a Gorbachev and a Yeltsin, a true believer and an iconoclast. Nevertheless, the book's richly detailed and comprehensive portrait of Soviet youth after the war is a valuable contribution to Soviet studies. Although written with a scholarly audience in mind, there is much here that is accessible to students and nonspecialists, particularly those interested in cross-cultural comparisons of modern youth culture.


In this work, we demonstrate a systematic study on the contact conductance of Cu/carbon nanotube array interface and the effective thermal conductivity of carbon nanotube array as a function of out-of-plane root-mean-square surface roughness of copper. The rms roughness of Cu was controlled at 0.005, 0.024, 0.065, and 0.192 μm, and the carbon nanotube array was bonded to the controlled Cu surface with In. Using phase sensitive thermal reflectance thermometry, we found that the effective thermal conductivity does not affect by the Cu surface roughness while the contact conductance increased from 0.14 MW/m2-K to 1.2 MW/m2-K as the Cu surface roughness decreased from 0.192 μm to 0.065 μm. Such an increasing trend in contact thermal conductance suggests that the scale of target surface roughness is one of the key factors for CNT arrays based TIMs reach to order of 1 MW/m2K in thermal conductance.


The dominant mutant "Soft and elongated trunk" (symbol Set) was found as an MNU-induced artificial gene mutation, which has been inherited in a sex-linked manner. It is characterized by the elongated 6th-7th body segments, making the body shape abnormally stretched. Hemizygous female individuals with respect to this gene are completely lethal at the embryonic stage. The Set gene was localized at the 35.5 position of the first linkage group on the basis of a three-point experiment involving os and sch as marker genes.


THESIS: A Constructivist Grounded Theory of Social Media Literacy and Identity Influence: Traditional-Age Undergraduate Students and Their Experiences with Social Media. STUDENT: Kenneth W. Horne, Jr. DEGREE: Master of Arts in Student Affairs Administration in Higher Education COLLEGE: Teachers College DATE: May 2013 PAGES: 91 The purpose of this study was to understand how traditional-aged undergraduate students describe their experiences with social media. Another focus was to gain students' perspectives to contribute to the growing body of research that currently exists. Each of the 17 students who participated in this study self-identified as a traditional-age undergraduate student who utilized various forms of social media such as Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram. The sample was comprised of participants ranging from the ages of 18 to 24 years of age. No other factors were considered for eligibility criteria. For this study I utilized a constructivist grounded theory methodological approach (Charmaz, 2006). According to Bogdan and Biklen (2007), the grounded theory methodology is essential for researchers who are interested in transferring research findings to other settings. The study was conducted at a mid-sized, Midwestern doctoralgranting, high research activity institution. Each nested subtheme was either placed in the theme of communication or development. The nested subthemes were: conflict and misunderstanding, context clues


A combmation of singeing and microscopic techniques has been adopted in the present study to get an insight into the length, nature, and distribution of protruding fibers causing hairmess in yarns. Alter examining various indices, a stutable method of expressing hairmess as the loss in weight on singeing per unit weight of varn has been adopted. Relationships between yarn hairmess and various fiber properties have been investigated in detail, and the factors that influence the preferential protrusion of fiber ends towards the yarn surface are studied by a tracer fiber technique. The results indicate that torsional and flexural rigidity. fiber length, and fineness of cottons are significantly correlated with yarn hairmess. Further, the length of protruding fiber ends and loops is mfluenced not only by the fiber properties of the cottons used but also by processing techniques and factois of varn geometry.


The present study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of Ovsynch treatment associated with prefixed-time artificial insemination on Bos taurus and Bos indicus cows. Herds of Holstein, Caracu, Nelore and Mantiqueira breeds were used. A herd of Gir cows with poor reproductive performance was also included. Each breed was divided in tree groups. Group 1 received Ovsynch treatment and was inseminated at prefixed time. Group 2 was induced to estrus with cloprostenol and inseminated thereafter. Group 3 was inseminated at natural heat. Conception and pregnancy rates were determined by ultra-sound. No significant interactions were detected among breeds, age, parity, postpartum period and lactating cows with or without their calves. Conception rates did not differ (P>0.05) among groups while pregnancy rate was higher (P<0.05) for group 1 and 2 comparing to group 3. In the Gir herd Ovsynch treatment did not enhance conception nor pregnancy rates. Independently of breed, conception rate is similar after Ovsynch, cloprostenol and control treatments, and pregnancy rate can be improved with Ovsynch and cloprostenol treatments. In cows with unspecific reproductive ovarian disorders, Ovsynch treatment do not enhance conception or pregnancy rates.


With rates of childhood obesity remaining high over the last decade, rates of associated conditions are of interest. Researchers used the National


COMPRA RAPIDO was born from an idea of three young entrepreneurs who seek to provide a different kind of online service, which is an important and necessary in this era where technology goes hand in hand with the daily lives of people. Is aimed at businesses, homes, in which it is difficult to go to the supermarket to choose the products you are interested, so, our website offers the convenience of getting them quickly. Provide service to make grocery shopping online. Our company offers the products on the market in a different way because of the facilities offered in the types of delivery schedule availability, affordability, etc.


This article discusses data from a case study involving Grade 8–12 teachers in 14 classrooms. In all the schools that were identified, one teacher from each of the schools was identified for interv...


We propose a transmission system based on stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) effect and injection locked distributed-feedback (DFB) laser to achieve optical single sideband (OSSB) modulation.


Background: Since the 1960's, a world-wide system of spontaneous adverse drug reaction (ADR) reporting has provided a centralised means for monitoring post-marketing drug safety. However, under-reporting to this system remains a major problem. In addition, whether consumers should participate is controversial and largely unexplored. Aim: This study investigated whether the intervention of a pharmacist-operated telephone helpline and/or an educational workshop could increase the number, quality and breadth of ADRs reported to the Australian Adverse Drug Reaction Advisory Committee (ADRAC) by consumers and health professionals (HPs) and how the results of each group would compare. Method: Two independent studies were conducted. In the HP study, 381 doctors, nurses, pharmacists, dentists and complementary medicine (CM) practitioners were recruited and randomly assigned to one of four intervention groups: 1) access to the ADR Reporting Hotline; 2) small-group workshop on ADR reporting; 3) access to the Hotline AND the workshop or 4) no intervention (controls). The number of ADRAC reports submitted by participants in the two years prior to the study (1999-2000) and during the study (2001-2002) was compared. In the consumer study, a pharmacist-operated 1300 telephone helpline was established through which ADRs could be reported or enquired about. Marketing of the service was limited to the state of Queensland, and after 22 months, call data were audited. Results: The HP hotline received 108 calls over the study period, mostly from pharmacists (61%) and doctors (29.6%). Average call duration was 21.3 minutes. Fifty-two ADRAC reports were generated, resulting in a signal to noise ratio (SNR) for the hotline of 48.1% or 1: 1. A further 52 reports were independently submitted by participants to ADRAC, giving a total of 104 reports for the study, 19% of which were serious. Data analysis confirmed that ADR reporting increased significantly (p<0.05) in all intervention groups, to three to four times pre-study rates whereas reporting in the control group fell slightly. In contrast, the consumer helpline received 972 calls throughout the study period, with television and radio being the most effective forms of marketing. At 24.3 minutes. average call duration was not dissimilar from HP calls. Callers were predominantly female (79.5%) and middle aged (49.4% aged 51-70 years); 84.6% called regarding themselves and the remaining 15.4% calling on behalf of a significant, most frequently a spouse, parent or child. Of the 750 potential adverse drug events, only 13% were assessed by the helpline as being not medication-related. A total of 336 ADRAC reports were submitted, giving a SNR of 34.5% or 1:2. Consumers reported a broad range of symptoms associated with a wide range of therapeutic drug classes. The novelty of consumer ADRAC reports was demonstrated by 13.4% being associated with CMs, 2% concerning recently marketed drugs and 15.6% of reactions not listed in the medicine's product information. Training and protocols ensured that ADRAC reports submitted by helpline pharmacists were of consistently high quality, 62% of which were probable or certain, and 13.1% serious (involving hospitalisation). Conclusions: ADR reporting by HPs improved marginally with education and assistance to reduce the burden of reporting. The number, breadth and quality of ADRs reported by consumers via a pharmacist-operated helpline demonstrated that consumers can make a positive contribution to pharmacovigilance, which complements existing HP ADR reporting systems.


straat (Punch, 1976a), in the heart of the red-light district, which had been receiving adverse publicity about alleged mistreatment of black Surinamers from the former Dutch colony in the West Indies (Bagley, 1973). Fris had chosen a group (of about fifteen men) who were not too &dquo;fanatical&dquo; or idle-thus he hoped middle-of-the-roaders in terms of their attitudes to police work -and a young, self-confident policeman whom I shall call &dquo;Willem&dquo; to take me under his wing. I had asked to be assigned to one shift in order to avoid meeting a large number of people


(63) Continuation of application No. 1 1/433,313, filed on May 11, 2006, which is a continuation of application No. PCT/USO4/37948, filed on Nov. 12, 2004. (60) Provisional application No. 60/519,735, filed on Nov. 12, 2003, provisional application No. 60/519,747, filed on Nov. 12, 2003, provisional application No. 60/519,734, filed on Nov. 12, 2003, provisional appli cation No. 60/519,746, filed on Nov. 12, 2003.


This study aims to make a few comments on the constitutionality of the trial prima facie through art. 285 of the Civil Procedure Code , included in this statute by Law 11,277 / 2006 , making it necessary for such a detailed examination of that device, its features and peculiarities , as well as the confrontation between the opinions of the most renowned experts on the subject under study.


Q rimary care providers (PCPs) often see elderly patients in their practice with symptoms of dementia, usually because of irreversible conditions. Normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH) is an often unrecognized cause of dementia symptoms, and can be reversible with appropriate diagnosis and treatment, specifically ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunting. It has been estimated that 375,000 Americans misdiagnosed with dementia or Parkinson's disease have symptoms that are actually caused by normal pressure hydrocephalus.' Some experts suggest that as many as 6% of nursing home residents may have NPH.^ These figures, however, are controversial since no precise data on the incidence and prevalence of NPH have been published.'* The diagnosis of NPH can be difficult, and is often based on a combination of clinical signs and symptoms, radiographic findings, and confirmatory testing.


Sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and immunoblotting were used to characterise isolates of Haemophilus ducreyi. Isolates of H ducreyi were heterogeneous in protein composition, but isolates from single outbreaks appeared similar both in protein profiles and antigenic analysis. Rabbits immunised with H ducreyi responded with a vigorous humoral immune response in which multiple antigenic polypeptides were detected. The most prominent antigens had molecular masses of 67, 42, 22.5, and 20 kilodaltons.


pletely destroyed of the strongholds, Azuchi and Osaka, are verbally reconstructed on the basis of written evidence. The scattered, woodframed remains of Hideyoshi's Fushimi are traced to their present locations in various parts of Kyoto: the largest residential complex to the Nishi Honganji precincts; another (if Kirby's tentative attribution is correct) to the second compound of Nijo Castle; and a much smaller third to Nanzenji. Early Tokugawa fortified dwellings are typified by the rest of Nijo Castle and the pre-World War II Nagoya. Another search through the Kyoto vicinity points to the few surviving fragments of Hideyoshi's palaces, done originally for his own use at Jurakudai or for the emperor: especially the formal gates at Daitokuji, the picturesque three-storeyed "Flying Cloud Pavilion" at Nishi Honganji, and the abbot's quarters at Nanzenji. An appendix lists thirty-two other noteworthy buildings not signalled out for individual attention. The illustrations, though small, are clear and highly varied, covering everything of interest between a general view and a detail of metal fittings or wood carving. There are no footnotes and no Japanese characters. All of this adds up to an excellently presented and highly accurate guidebook. The armchair reader with more speculative interests will find very little architectural history and even less functional or aesthetic criticism. There is no discussion of the diverse strains—the native Japanese domestic tradition, the longnaturalized Wayo Buddhist repertory, more recent Zen influences, possible borrowings from Ming China or Korea—that fused in varying combinations to form the Momoyama style. No attempt is made to analyse the period's typical interpenetration of worldliness and su\iya, the elements that stand for clearness and simplicity in the design of a great palace hall, or the rich sophistication that may be hidden behind the apparent bareness of a teahouse. Even the problem of the castle's utility as a means of defense is passed over lightly. Its cyclopean lower walls were of course impenetrable to men on the ground; but what would have happened to the upper storeys if a well-directed catapult attack, to breach the wood-and-plaster walls, had been followed by fire-arrows?


Feedwater leakages due to excessive loads and cracking caused by corrosion or fatigue failure can affect the reliability of the production facilities. In the present work, a numerical study of a small leakage accident type SB-LOCA on the feed water pipeline was investigated using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) and Relap5 computer codes. The aim is to understand the behavior of the incompressible water flow and its effect on the relevant parameters at the leakage location vicinity, including the mass flow rate, velocity, pressure, and temperature. For this, a mathematical model was developed and validated to evaluate the release of water through the pipe, which is mainly based on the variables that may affect the leakage. The results of CFD show that the leakage has important effects on the distribution of main parameters of the water flow through the pipe, which has an identical outcome from the Relap5 code simulation. The change of fluid velocity only has a little impact on the flow behavior at the leakage region.


We present a study of some aspects of the properties of single mode superpositions of squeezed states as well as their interaction with a single two-leve1 atom, in the framework of the Jaynes-Cummings model. We compare the behavior of systems having two particular types of superpositions as initial fields, corresponding to different orientations of the constituent states in phase-space. We investigate the collapses and revivals of the atomic inversion, as well as the field purity and its connection with the evolution of the Q-function in phase-space.


This study was designed to investigate development of behavior related to language acquisition in infants who were delayed in mental development, and to speculate the developmental correlation between such behavior and language development. The 25 cases which consulted our clinic were observed in terms of development of pointing behavior, manipulation of toys, symbolic play, exchange of objects, and vocal and gestural imitation tasks. In each case, the study analyzed data for the prelinguistic period and for the time when meaningful words emerged. The cases were divided into three groups by number of words which their mothers reported at the end of the study program : group A included 7 cases who spoke no words, group B included 9 cases who spoke 1 or 2 words, and group C included 9 cases who spoke more than 3 words. The results were as follows. 1. Comprehension of others pointing, conventional use of toy cars and dolls, exchanges of objects and conventional games were well developed in group A. However the develop京 都 市 児 童 福 祉 セ ン ター 総 合 療 育 所:〒602京 都 市 上 京 区竹 屋 町 通 千 本 東 入 ル Kyoto City Child Welfare Center:Senbon,Higashiiru,Takeyamachidori,Kamigyo-ku,Kyoto-shi,602


In eukaryotic translation, the termination and recycling phases are linked to subsequent initiation by persistence of several factors. These comprise the large eIF3 complex, eIF3j (Hcr1 in yeast) and the ATP-binding cassette protein ABCE1 (Rli1 in yeast). The ATPase is mainly active as a recycling factor, but it can remain bound to the dissociated 40S subunit until formation of 43S pre-initiation complexes. However, its functional role and native architectural context remains largely enigmatic. Here, we present an architectural inventory of native yeast and human ABCE1-containing pre-initiation complexes by cryo-EM. We found that ABCE1 was mostly associated with early 43S but also later 48S phases of initiation. It directly interacted with eIF3j via its unique iron-sulfur cluster domain and adopted a novel hybrid conformation, which was ATPase-inhibited and stabilized by an unknown factor bound between the nucleotide binding sites. Moreover, the native human samples provided a near-complete molecular picture of the architecture and sophisticated interaction network of the 43S-bound eIF3 complex and also the eIF2 ternary complex containing the initiator tRNA.


monitoring of RBV during HD could be useful above The following key points need to be focused on all in hypotension-prone patients with a tendency to when discussing the therapeutic measures aimed at hypovolaemia-related hypotension. In such patients counteracting the occurrence of hypovolaemia-related there is a clear-cut cause-and-effect relationship symptoms in HD patients: fluid changes during HD; between hypovolaemia and HH. The correction of continuous measurement and monitoring of relative hypovolaemia usually resolves HH [21]. Continuous BV (RBV ) changes; and automatic control of BV. monitoring of BV might be useful also in other categories of patients, such as those with a disordered vascular refilling (e.g. diabetics) and those with cardiomyopathy Fluid changes during HD


A high yielding protocol allows the synthesis of a series of mono-, di-, and trisubstituted ammonium salts under nonaqueous conditions.


Effects of extrusion ratio (ER) during extruding on mechanical properties of poly(lactic acid) (PLA) screws were investigated in terms of shear and twist strength. Shear strength increased by drawing, while twist strength decreased. This might be due to orientation of molecular chains during drawing. In order to evaluate orientation of molecular chains, orientation function in extruded billets was measured as a function of ER. Since orientation function increased with ER, drawing is effective method to improve shear strength of screw, where fibrous structure which was formed during extruding resisted shear stress in cross-section perpendicular to screw axis. Although orientation functions for billet extruded at ER 1.3–4 were equivalent, both strengths changed for the screw extruded at the range of this ER. Infrared spectra suggested transforming from α to β crystal for the billet extruded at the range of this ER. This result suggested that mechanical properties of screw also depended on the crystal forms.


This paper introduces a method for optimizing non-recursive filtering algorithms. A mathematical model of a non-recursive digital filter is proposed and a performance estimation is given. A method for optimizing the structural implementation of the modular digital filter is described. The essence of the optimization is that by using the property of the residue ring and the properties of the symmetric impulse response of the filter, it is possible to obtain a filter having almost a half the length of the impulse response compared to the traditional modular filter. A difference equation is given by calculating the output sample of modules p1 … pn in the modified modular digital filter. The performance of the modular filters was compared with the performance of positional non-recursive filters implemented on a digital signal processor. An example of the estimation of the hardware costs is shown to be required for implementing a modular digital filter with a modified structure. This paper substantiates the expediency of applying the natural redundancy of finite field algebra codes on the example of the possibility to reduce hardware costs by a factor of two. It is demonstrated that the accuracy of data processing in the modular digital filter is higher than the accuracy achieved with the implementation of filters on digital processors. The accuracy advantage of the proposed approach is shown experimentally by the construction of the frequency response of the non-recursive low-pass filters.


The usage of cruciform specimen for planar biaxial coupon testing is evaluated using finite element analysis. Nine cruciform designs made up of a multidirectional laminate are simulated under a biaxial loading state to test the uniformity of the local stress state and the global strain state in the off-axis layer and on the surface of the biaxial zone respectively. The learnings from this analysis though valid for the current loading condition is a step towards finding a possible 'one for all material configuration' cruciform specimen design in the future, which in turn can simplify the task of sizing of the cruciform specimens made up of composite materials.


The rate of release pattern of available sulphur from four levels of elemental sulphur with and without poultry manure in different soils of Northern Telangana was determinerd by in a laboratory study. Results revealed that levels of elememtal sulphur and poultry manure significantly influenced the available sulphur content. Four levels of elemental sulphur (0, 20, 40 and 60 kg S ha -1 ) along with and without poultry manure (2.5 t ha -1 ). Incubation study was conducted at field capacity up to 60 days to know the release pattern of available sulphur content. Application of poultry manure influences the release pattern of available sulphur content in different soils. At initial stage of 0 to 30 days the release pattern was rapid and after that it was constant up to 60days. The highest release pattern of sulphur at different Norther Telangana soils at 45 days of incubation with application of 60 kg S ha -1 along with poultry manure 2.5 t ha -1 order was neredigonda (25.6 mg kg -1 ) > Kotagiri (24.7 mg kg -1 ) > jakranpalli (24.3 mg kg-1) > alladurge (23.2 mg kg-1) > sonala (22.8 mg kg-1) > armor (20.9 mg kg-1) appajithanda (20.1 mg kg-1).


This paper reviews the well-known 'frame problem' and its relation to the subject of nonmonotonic reasoning. The paper considers how both topics concern the central problem of reasoning with incomplete information and argues that these subjects would benefit from a formalism that explicitly portrays reasoning as an activity that takes place in time. In process, the paper distinguishes between the problems associated with reasoning about static domains versus dynamically changing ones and explains why the frame problem itself only arises in the latter. Then this paper mak es a case for the use of fuzzy quantifiers and related notions in nonmonotonic reasoning about a particular variety of static domain, namely, multiple-inheritance hierarchies, and outlines a formalism in which the associated knowledge representation and inference methods can be expressed. Last, the paper considers how this same kind of formalism might be applied to the more difficult case of dynamic domains. This section includes a further elucidation of the frame problem and its salient subproblems.


(K1−xNax)NbO3 (KNN) nanomaterials with various morphologies, including nanorods, step-like structures etc. were synthesized through a hydrothermal route. For KNN nanomaterials, the phase structures changed from orthorhombic to monoclinic as the x value increased from 0.27 to 0.66. Oriented attachment and aggregation are the major formation mechanism of the nanorods and the step-like structures, respectively. The compositional change in KNN induced a series of shifts of the Raman bands, of which the mechanisms are briefly discussed. A UV/vis absorption study shows that, for K0.50Na0.50NbO3 nanorods, two interband transitions from O2p electron states to empty Nb4d electron states and two intraband transitions in relation to Nb5+ cations are revealed, and the band gap is about 3.09 eV.


Surface geochemistry applied to hydrocarbon exploration has gained little acceptance due to the lack of a satisfactory mechanism for vertical migration that is plausible and explains all observations. Acceptance of surface geochemistry is also hampered by a widely held belief that reservoirs do not leak. A satisfactory mechanism must apply in a wide variety of geologic environments and must be verified by laboratory and field observations. Three mechanisms are proposed for vertical migration of light hydrocarbons: diffusion, transport in aqueous solution, and buoyancy of microbubbles. Diffusion fails to explain the rapid disappearance of surface anomalies after production from a reservoir begins. Diffusion is sufficiently rapid to dissipate gas reservoirs quickly in the geologic sense. As a vertical migration mechanism, it also cannot account for the resolution observed in surface anomalies. Diffusion as a mechanism for primary migration of hydrocarbons from source rocks and as a transport mechanism in the near-surface unsaturated zone have been demonstrated. Solubilities of light hydrocarbons in water are low at ambient temperatures, but increase dramatically with increasing temperatures at depth in basins. Transport with water, either in solution or as a separate hydrocarbon phase, is important in secondary migration. Computer modeling of the process using finite-difference techniques fails to explain the observed resolution and rapid disappearance of surface anomalies. We favor the vertical migration mechanism of displacing water by ascending gas bubbles, that is, the "buoyancy of microbubbles." Computer modeling of this mechanism does explain surface observations. The close correspondence of surface anomalies with surface projections of a reservoir and the rapidly disappearing surface anomalies after the start of production are predicted by this model.


The aim of this study was to examine whether additional training protocol of isokinetic training results in increased biomechanical values of certain parameters and whether it increases functional correlation between speed and strength leading to improved performance of acrobatic elements in floor exercises. Additional training protocol, which lasted for one semester, was performed on Biodex 3 apparatus (60°∙s–1). Examinees participating in this research were (N = 80) male students from Faculty of Sport and Education (mean age, 19.8 ± 1.7 year; weight, 75.2 ± 2,9 kg; height 179.7 ± 6.4 cm). Control group (N = 40), between two measurements, conducted only regular practical teaching program of artistic gymnastics. Experimental group (N = 40), besides regular practical teaching program of artistic gymnastics, also had additional program of isokinetic practice on Biodex 3 apparatus. Experimental group showed obvious structural changes that can be dominantly registered through variables assessing the maximum strength of the dynamic knee stabilizers (the maximum moment of force, overall work and average strength) and reciprocal relationship between agonist and antagonist muscles. In variables assessing the performance of elements of floor exercises in artistic gymnastics we obtained statistically significant differences in elements requiring changes of the maximum strength of the dynamic knee stabilizers: dive roll, back handspring, salto forward and backward tucked.


Political speeches are often rowdy by various styles of rhetoric. Metaphor, for instance, becomes one of intensive linguistic features employed in the language of politics by the elites in various parts of the world. With regard to this issue, the present study focuses on investigating the form and meaning of metaphor acquired through the mapping between source domain and target domain in Jakarta gubernatorial candidates' speeches 2017. In addition, the study also aims to describe the similarities and differences, as well as to address its relation to the concept of good governance through the metaphorical expressions found in the study. The data in this qualitative research were collected through observation method and note-taking. Based on the results of the study, it can be revealed that the application of conceptual metaphor by the candidates seems to considerably vary and not only discuss political issues but they also discuss the ongoing phenomena to make the people realize the major problems and understand the visions of each candidate. Findings also disclosed that metaphor with regard to the concept of good governance was employed to conceptualize a number of leadership values which tend to be abstract such as country, power, democracy, integration and transparency, law enforcement, social inequalities, and accountability. The results disclosed an overview analysis as well as revealed the importance of interpreting the language use according to the context for in some cases language might be literal and sometimes it might be metaphorical.


While syphilis spread rapidly in Europe during the late 15th and early 16th centuries, scholars have doubted that the disease reached Iceland at that time. Still, discoveries of nine cases of venereal and congenital syphilis during a recent excavation on a monastic site, Skriðuklaustur (1496–1554) in East Iceland, indicate that the disease became an epidemic there, as it did worldwide. These findings may also be regarded as an important source of information on the contacts and communications of a country, which is commonly regarded as having been socially isolated from the outer world, with its neighbouring countries during the medieval times.


Background The increasing use of social media and mHealth apps has generated new opportunities for health care consumers to share information about their health and well-being. Information shared through social media contains not only medical information but also valuable information about how the survivors manage disease and recovery in the context of daily life. Objective The objective of this study was to determine the feasibility of acquiring and modeling the topics of a major online breast cancer support forum. Breast cancer patient support forums were selected to discover the hidden, less obvious aspects of disease management and recovery. Methods First, manual topic categorization was performed using qualitative content analysis (QCA) of each individual forum board. Second, we requested permission from the Breastcancer.org Community for a more in-depth analysis of the postings. Topic modeling was then performed using open source software Machine Learning Language Toolkit, followed by multiple linear regression (MLR) analysis to detect highly correlated topics among the different website forums. Results QCA of the forums resulted in 20 categories of user discussion. The final topic model organized >4 million postings into 30 manageable topics. Using qualitative analysis of the topic models and statistical analysis, we grouped these 30 topics into 4 distinct clusters with similarity scores of ≥0.80; these clusters were labeled Symptoms & Diagnosis, Treatment, Financial, and Family & Friends. A clinician review confirmed the clinical significance of the topic clusters, allowing for future detection of actionable items within social media postings. To identify the most significant topics across individual forums, MLR demonstrated that 6 topics—based on the Akaike information criterion values ranging from −642.75 to −412.32—were statistically significant. Conclusions The developed method provides an insight into the areas of interest and concern, including those not ascertainable in the clinic. Such topics included support from lay and professional caregivers and late side effects of therapy that consumers discuss in social media and may be of interest to clinicians. The developed methods and results indicate the potential of social media to inform the clinical workflow with regards to the impact of recovery on daily life.


To improve the driving smoothness and stability of lunar rover and reduce the vertical dynamic deflection, this paper sets up vibration model for seven degree-of-freedom lunar rover, presents the calculation method for vibration differential equation and frequency response function, and derives the equation for the vertical dynamic deflection of the rover suspension system based on the ascertaining of the input spectral density of road surface. This paper determines the proper range of stiffness of torsion bar spring and damp of the vibration absorber by the calculation of the vertical dynamic deflection of the rover suspension system with Matlab programming


Income and wealth inequality have risen in many countries over the last three decades. About 71% of the global population lives in countries with increased income inequality (UN, 2020). Despite progress in some regions, income and wealth are increasingly concentrated at the top ladder of the income group. Since the 2008 financial crisis, the number of billionaires worldwide has nearly doubled. In 2018, the 26 wealthiest people in the world had as much wealth as half of the world's population.


A decade ago the analysis of the structure of the plays performed by the Elizabethan, Jacobean, and Caroline professional theatre companies, in order to discover patterns of doubling of the roles, seemed to hold considerable promise for further inquiry. D. M. Bevington's pioneering From 'Mankind' to Marlowe and W. A. Ringler's article 'The Number of Actors in Shakespeare's Early Plays' offered direct evidence and tools for structural analysis, and were followed by important studies by Scott McMillin, Irwin Smith, and others. Nevertheless, since then interest in this area – and particularly in doubling on the seventeenth-century stage – seems to have declined. The assumption made explicitly by Bevington and implied by most other commentators has been that as the professional acting companies expanded their resources, found patrons, and increased the number of their liveried personnel, the frenetic doubling of the Tudor era became unnecessary. Apart from some unhurried doubling of very minor characters and extras, they believe this practice virtually disappeared from the Jacobean stage, rendering further investigation unnecessary. The small amount of direct evidence to the contrary, first noted by W. J. Lawrence in 1927, has been analysed as an interesting but aberrant phenomenon; occasional atavistic survivals in a more opulent and refined age whose taste was turning towards 'realism' in acting and production methods.


The long liner position sensor is a kind of position sensor that can measure the distance between the detected point and the receiving point by calculating the duration of the excitation and the receipt of ultrasonic waves. In our experiment, the unsymmetrical phenomenon of elastic waves was detected under different initial condition with the symmetrical sensor system, due to the anisotropy of magnetic domain, which may be anisotropy of crystal axis, stress and shape. This paper recorded and analyzed the data of experiment. The theory of unsymmetrical of long liner position sensor was discussed in ferromagnetic, electromagnetic and physics. The effecting factor of the physic unsymmetrical of magnetostrictive material was studied in this paper, and the mathematic model was constructed.


To solve the problem of cracking of the filter-screen and skeleton within hydrogen chamber of the gas generator after test of certain liquid rocket engine,seven current-sharing schemes are designed on the premise that the function and performance of the generator are not reduced. Through the calculation,analysis and simulation of the fluid dynamic status,flow uniformity and intensity of the seven design schemes,a current-sharing design with better structural intensity is chosen. Hydraulic test and test-driving are carried out for the modified generator successfully.The results manifest that the novel current-sharing design can play a role of sharing the flux of the hydrogen injector elements,enhance the capability of anti-startup pressure peak,and consequently,improve the stability of the generator.


Epistemic modals have long been observed to be ambiguous between a speaker-oriented interpretation (Lyon's 1977 'subjective' interpretation) and an interpretation that reflects general knowledge (the 'objective' interpretation). In recent work, Papafragou (2006) argues that subjectively interpreted epistemics are non-truth conditional, and that this results from them being indexical to the speaker and time of utterance. I argue against Papafragou's claim and end by presenting an alternative perspective of the facts based on a distinction between determinate and indeterminate modal bases.


According to the need of practical work and in order to make sure the accuracy of numerical seismic data analysis,the filter is designed on the basis of MATLAB GUI.It can do digital low pass,high pass,band pass and band stop.Interface looks friendly and has practicality.During a half year,the filter has taken full advantage of seismic station in Jiagedaqi and made a great of function.


Business researchers claim that to react effectively to fast industry changes or fast clockspeed industries, a flexible form of organization is required. Strategic flexibility is the ability of organizations to be flexible and to minimize their risks by generating a variety of strategic options to swiftly react to unforeseeable business environment uncertainties. During recent years, strategic flexibility and environmental uncertainty have been extensively researched. Nevertheless, there are several gaps not discussed in this research. Firstly, past literature has somewhat been silent on the relationship between strategic flexibility and its impact on perceived managerial environmental uncertainty and regarding the success in turning environmental threats into opportunities, and ultimately thriving despite business environmental uncertainty. Therefore, the aim of this research is to study the relationship of strategic environmental with managerial perceived environmental uncertainty and managerial tolerance for ambiguity in fast clockspeed industries. The results of this qualitative research indicated that strategic flexibility has very little influence on decreasing perceived environmental uncertainty; however, managers' tolerance regarding this uncertainty has increased as a result of creating more strategic options, thereby increasing strategic flexibility for their businesses.


Since its introduction in the mid 1970's, the EM algorithm has found a widespread popularity for solving the likelihood equations. Several investigators have used the algorithm in a variety of problems with incomplete information to obtain maximum likelihood estimates in numerous applications. The algorithm, however, becomes inappropriate when the underlying equations are subject to some constraints. Although an extension has been proposed to derive solutions when the parameters are subject to a set of linear constraints, the evaluation of likelihood equations from incomplete data when the equations are subject to a nonlinear constraint is still an open problem. Here, we consider a mixture model, a classical example of incomplete data, and discuss the problem of maximum likelihood estimation of the model parameters when the parameters have to satisfy a nonlinear constraint. An extension of the EM algorithm based on the celebrated Lagrange multiplier will be proposed to solve the equations. An application of the methodology in animal bioassay experiments for risk assessment of toxic substances will be described and data from a toxicological experiment will be used to illustrate the results.


Density-based spatial clustering of applications with noise (DBSCAN) is a base algorithm for density based clustering. It can find out the clusters of different shapes and sizes from a large amount of data, which is containing noise and outliers. However, it fails to handle the local density variation that exists within the cluster. Thus, a good clustering method should allow a significant density variation within the cluster because, if we go for homogeneous clustering, a large number of smaller unimportant clusters may be generated. In this paper an enhancement of DBSCAN algorithm is proposed, which detects the clusters of different shapes, sizes that differ in local density. We introduce new algorithm Dynamic Method DBSCAN (DMDBSCAN). It selects several values of the radius of a number of objects (Eps) for different densities according to a k-dist plot. For each value of Eps, DBSCAN algorithm is adopted in order to make sure that all the clusters with respect to the corresponding density are clustered. For the next process, the points that have been clustered are ignored, which avoids marking both denser areas and sparser ones as one cluster. Experimental results are obtained from artificial data sets and UCI real data sets. The final results show that our algorithm get a good results with respect to the original DBSCAN and DVBSCAN algorithms.


The objective of this experiment was to analyze the influence of size distribution of the industrial waste, named grits, on the optimum compaction parameters, mechanical strength and expansion of two typical soils in the North Forest Zone of Minas Gerais State, Brazil, for forest road applications.


Speaker verification can be viewed as a process of verifying the person using his/her utterance. The major challenge to implement automatic speaker verification in security applications is spoofing attacks. Speaker verification systems can be spoofed using pre-recorded speech, synthetic and voice conversion speech. Hence, there is a need to develop spoof detection system in order to make voice biometrics viable for security applications. This paper proposes to explore time-frequency representations obtained using gammatone filterbank and constant Q transform for detecting presentation attack for automatic speaker verification. The experiments are carried out for ASV spoof 2017 database and the results are compared with state-of-art replay speech detection systems based on cepstral features.


The possibility of adjusting double-minimum potentials by means of sums of Morse potentials is analysed. As an example, the adjustment has been done of the potential function corresponding to the hydrogen bond in ice, comparing the characteristic paramètres with experimental data obtained by Haas and Hornig. Concordances and differences are discussed. Double-minimum potentials have a remarkable importance for they are quite adequate to describe the potential to which an H-hjdrogen is subject in a hydrogen bond. Of course, these are not the only cases in which double-minimum potentials appear, these potentials being on the other hand frequent enough. A well known example is given by the inversion of in the Hz molecule1-2. The determination of Eigenvalues corresponding to the unidimensional Schrödinger's equation appearing when introducing potentials of this type has been dealt with for different cases by several authors. Examples have been given by Dennison and Uhlenbeck3, Ford4, 1 A. A. Vuylsteke, "Elements of maser theory", Van Nostrand 1960. 2 CH. Townes and A. L. Schawlow, "Microwave Spectroscopy", McGrawHill, New York 1955. 3 D. M. Dennison and G. E. Uhlenbeck, Physic. Rev. 41 (1932) 313. 4 K. W. Ford, D. L. Hill, M. Wakano and J. A. Wheeler, Ann. Physics 7 (1959) 239. 272 Roberto Devoto, Oscar M. Sorarrain and Luis M. Boggia and T. Wu5. These authors have used the JWKB approximation up to the first order. Fröman16 has recently treated this problem with higher orders of approximation. This treatment is quite complete and general, and may be therefore applied to many varied types of double minimum potentials. Double-minimum potentials may also be dealt with by means of other approximations. Thus, for example, the possibility sometimes exists of representing the Hamiltonian on an adequate basis, that is, when it is the solution of a differential equation having the same singularities as the equation in question and satisfying the same boundary conditions as the searched solution. All this imposes a limitation to this method, which, when applicable, seems to be more fit than JWKB, which enjoys the advantage of its greater generality. This method has been used by Gwinn6 and associates7 for the treatment of a harmonic oscillator perturbed by a GAUSsian barrier. Double-minimum potentials are also important because of their meaning in Biology. Löwdin8 has recently suggested the possibility of mutations being produced under tunnel-effect in the hydrogen bonds formed between DNA strands. From this paper the importance is brought out of estimating the transition possibilities in the lower levels as well as their corresponding wave-functions. Above said potentials may be described through LippincotSchroeder's expressions9 or as a sum of Morse potentials. Although, in general, the fact is accepted that Lippincot-Schroeder potentials constitute a better approximation, the problem of obtaining their Eigenvalues and Eigenfunctions in fact results more complex. This problem has been treated by Phillips and Bratoz10, developping in Taylor's series those potentials and confining themselves to the beginning terms of their developments; that is, a known representation does not exist for Lippincot-Schroeder potentials taking as a basis the harmonic-oscillator Eigenfunctions. If, on the contrary, we choose the sum of Morse potentials, the corresponding Hamiltonian can be represented on the above said basis, if we suppose as simplifying 5 T. Y. Wu, Physic. Rev. 44 (1933) 727. 6 S. I. Chan, J. Zinn, J. Fernández and W. D. Gwinn, J. chem. Physics 33 (1960) 1643. 7 S. I. Chan and D. Stelman, J. chem. Physics 39 (1963) 545. 8 P. O. Löwdin, Rev. mod. Physics 35 (1963) 724. 9 E. R. Lippincot and R. Schroeder, J. chem. Physics 23 (1955) 1099. i» J. Phillips and S. Bratoz, Compt. rend. 254 (1962) 1937. Adjustment of Double-Minimum Potentials 273 hypothesis that only the vibrations of hydrogen and the closest element are significant; i.e.. if the motion of the farthest element is supposed negligible in the process. This situation could be "a priori' be present with a good approximation in some types of hydrogen bonds, for instance, in the hydrogen bonds formed between DNA strands. Reached approximation can be estimated, for example, in ice by variation of the distance between oxygens and observing how it affects Eigenvalues. In the following lines, we will try to find Eigenvalues and Eigenfunctions of a sum of Morse potentials. Because of that, we will represent the correponding Hamiltonian by taking as a basis the harmonic-oscillator Eigenfunctions. This basis has been chosen because the equation here stated has the same singular points as the equation corresponding to the harmonic oscillator. After having obtained the representation of the ZZ-Hamiltonian on the selected basis, by means of Jacobi's method11, it is diagonalised, that is, we obtain the Eigenvalues and the transformation matrix X. In brief, from the initial representation H and through Jacobi's method, which in fact is a similitude transformation, we obtain: HD = X~1HX. (1) The above method allows to obtain q>D = X^1 Eigenfunctions, where is the column-vector whose components are the Eigenfunctions we are looking for, is the basis of the harmonic-oscillator Eigenfunctions, while X is supplied by the computing-machine. (A-1 results by interchanging rows for columns in X, because Jacobi's transformation is Unitarian12.) For a sum of Morse potentials, the corresponding Hamiltonian has the form ,, ,


Depth map prediction is the key point in Free Viewpoint Video technique. Among current depth map estimation approaches, combined temporal and interview prediction method is the most practical one for hardware design and real time processing. It is based on block search inter-prediction on various block size to get the best estimation result with specific cost function. Although much data processing bandwidth can be saved by reusing of hardware and computation resources in disparity vector prediction, it still needs to calculate all block size cost results, and has disparity prediction errors at object boundary or continuous areas, resulting in block effect and prediction noises in depth map. This paper presents an efficient adaptive soft decision method based on chrominance image segmentation. The best prediction block size is pre-determined before block search progress. So much calculation efforts are saved. Only specific block size computation is executed to get the best disparity vector prediction, instead of selecting the best one from all block size calculation results. Experiment results show that the adaptive soft decision method can enhance depth map quality efficiently with less prediction errors and computation cost. It is suitable for hardware realization and real time processing.


Cyber Mimic Defense (CMD) is a new generation of active defense technology after firewall, intrusion and other traditional defense technology. It aims to deal with uncertain threats in the network environment with visual uncertainty. This paper briefly introduces the architecture and principle of CMD and defines four main elements of the current simulation platform: system architecture, heterogeneous policy, scheduling policy and voting policy. Combined with examples, the four elements are respectively summarized. The system architecture is divided into C mode and D mode, and the heterogeneous strategy includes implementation mode, implementation method and synchronization mode. Scheduling policies are classified into offline policies and online policies. Voting policies include voting algorithms, voting levels, and delay control.


For hybrid ground source heat pump system(HGSHPS),control strategy could be optimized to a large extent.In this paper,a new control strategy of comparing the outlet water temperatures of ground heat exchanger(GHE) and cooling tower was proposed,and an accurate predictive model was established.Firstly,in order to improve the prediction accuracy,the established models were divided into two types,the static model taken variables of current moment as inputs,and the dynamic model taken variables of both current and former moments as inputs.And then,a series of models were built to validate the feasibility and accuracy of artificial neural network(ANN) model under different operation modes of HGSHPS,and the simulation results were compared with those of the dynamic model.The results shown that ANN model could accurately predict the outlet water temperature of GHE no matter what operation mode of HGSHPS was.Furthermore,the dynamic model could obtain higher accuracy than ANN model with the absolute error less than 0.2 ℃.


A method for manufacturing 3D imaging panel for reducing the throughput time, and the manufacturing cost are provided to improve the manufacturing cost and reduce the manufacturing cost. A transparent substrate is prepared. A transparent electrode layer is formed by evaporating a transparent material on the substrate. A photoresist layer is formed by spraying the photosensitive material on the transparent electrode layer. A plurality of pixel electrode(182), and a common electrode(184) are formed through a photoresist process. The substrate is planarized by forming insulating layer(190) on the substrate to cover the plurality of pixel electrodes, and a plurality of common electrodes. A polymer and liquid crystal mixed material is sprayed on the insulating layer.


It is the very important and special component for the teaching of Maxiam in classes in universities in Xinjiang.After the four-time teaching of the course of "Scientific Atheism",the author of the article argues that the key to the classroom teaching of scientific atheism may conclude the following five parts: teaching both the dialectic and historical materialism in the whole course,the idea that Buddhism is the most influential religion in Xinjiang,clarifying the means for the extreme religious influence on university students,explaining the necessity of antitheism among university students,expounding the existence of the struggle between atheism and religious theism.


Reactive dividing wall columns (RDWCs) facilitate the combination of at least three unit operations into one apparatus: a chemical reactor and several thermal separation units. This kind of process intensification holds great opportunities, like the reduction of both capital as well as operational costs. Yet, it is accompanied by strong interactions, superimposed effects and complex dynamics. This makes the design of adequate control concepts for the RDWC challenging. The unique properties of the RDWC suggest that this system is very well suited to be operated with model-based multivariable control. In this work, a model predictive controller (MPC) is setup and tested for an enzymatic transesterification reaction and subsequent separation in an RDWC.


Tourism seasonality is visible,which is called the easiest understood and most difficult solved problem.But there are few papers to discuss this phenomenon,so this article just probes in this aspect.


Algorithmic discrimination is one of the significant concerns in applying machine learning models to a real-world system. Many researchers have focused on developing fair machine learning algorithms without discrimination based on legally protected attributes. However, the existing research has barely explored various security issues that can occur while evaluating model fairness and verifying fair models. In this study, we propose a fairness audit framework that assesses the fairness of ML algorithms while addressing potential security issues such as data privacy, model secrecy, and trustworthiness. To this end, our proposed framework utilizes confidential computing and builds a chain of trust through enclave attestation primitives combined with public scrutiny and state-of-the-art software-based security techniques, enabling fair ML models to be securely certified and clients to verify a certified one. Our micro-benchmarks on various ML models and real-world datasets show the feasibility of the fairness certification implemented with Intel SGX in practice. In addition, we analyze the impact of data poisoning, which is an additional threat during data collection for fairness auditing. Based on the analysis, we illustrate the theoretical curves of fairness gap and minimal group size and the empirical results of fairness certification on poisoned datasets.


A simple and rapid densitometric method has been developed for simultaneous determination of betamethasone valerate and miconazole nitrate in cream preparations. After extraction of the analyte with 96 % ethanol, the extracts were spotted on pre–coated silica gel plates, which were eluted two times with a mixture of chloroform–acetone–glacial acetic acid, 34+4+3 (v/v/v). Quantitative evaluation was performed by measuring the absorbance reflectance of the analyte spots at λ = 233 nm. The densitometric method is selective, precise, and accurate, and can be used for routine analysis of the cream preparations in pharmaceutical industry quality control laboratories.


Regimen adapted on constitution has reflected the thoughts of adaptation on people of TCM.There are lots of contents about constitution in Inner Canon of Huangdi,this article unearth the connotation of regimen adapted on constitution from evidence,purpose and key theory et al,which establish theoretical basis of regimen adapted on constitution.


The purpose of this thesis is to make a broadband antireflection coating configuration known as a quarter-wave stack consisting of one layer of titania and of one layer of silica nanoparticles. We utilize much that is already known about silica nanoparticle deposition. The first objective of this thesis is deposition and characterization of titania nanoparticle films deposited on glass microscope slides by a technique known as Ionic Self-Assembled Multilayers or ISAM deposition. This technique takes advantage of the electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged materials and ideally results in a uniform nanoparticle film whose thickness and optical properties can be tightly controlled. Deposition of a quarter-wave stack based on ISAM deposition of silica and titania nanoparticles is significantly simpler and less expensive than alternative deposition methods. Initial attempts to deposit titania films were unsuccessful because of excess diffuse scattering due to inhomogeneities in the film. In order to reduce diffuse scattering, two approaches were considered. The first approach was to improve the deposition process itself by experimenting with different values of deposition parameters such as solution pH and solution molarity. The other approach focused on removing the large nanoparticle aggregates from the colloidal solutions of titania nanoparticles that were suspected to be responsible for rough film surfaces resulting in diffuse scattering. This approach was successful. In addition, evidence suggested that surface roughness contributed more to diffuse scattering than the bulk of the films. After minimizing diffuse scattering from titania nanoparticle films, we used known results from research on silica nanoparticle films to deposit quarter-wave stacks consisting of one layer of titania nanoparticles with high refractive index and one layer of silica nanoparticles with low refractive index. This contrast in refractive indices is a desirable characteristic of quarter-wave


Industrial inductive sensors for measuring the presence of metal objects (english
proximity sensors) give an output signal whose amplitude depends on the distance of
a precisely defined metallic object. The topic of this thesis is the development of a
system that enables the identification and monitoring of the trajectory of the motion
of an unknown metal object and the recognition of the type of metal from which the
object is composed. The system consists of three oscillating circuits located in the
space in which the metal object moves and changes its characteristics. By using the
Matlab software package, algorithms for amplitude and frequency demodulation of
signals measured on oscillating circuits, an algorithm that localizes the object in the
detection area based on the amplitude and frequency and joins the trajectory of motion
in time, and an algorithm that recognizes the type of metal have been developed. After
development in Matlab, algorithms for signal processing, recognition and localization
of the object are prepared for the real-time processing on the embedded computer
system ARM Cortex M architecture.


An Introduction to the Culture of Six Dynasties studies each cultural aspect of Six Dynasties all-sidedly. The system of the whole book is rigorous and the structure is rational. Taking up extensively and quoting dynamically to historical data displays the author's very strong academic sensitiveness and academic maturity. A lot of new problems are profoundly excavated and many views with innovative significance are put forward.


oets and sages throughout the centuries havebeen moved to speak about the mystery oftime and thepoignancy ofits passage,yet until recently,books about bio-logical time and the biological clocks that record it have beenscarce.Over the past half-century,however,the entire scien-tific field of chronobiology,the study of biological time,hasbeen growing in both size and reputation.Its modern inception could be traced to a pivotal meetingin 1960 on biological clocks,held at Cold Spring Harbor,NewYork.Many ofthe central questions about biological clock be-havior, experimental design, and nomenclature were firstenunciated at that meeting.Some termsNfor example, chrono-biology (the study of biological time) and circadian rhythm(from circa, Oapproximately,Oand diem, OdayO;Aschoff1960)Nentered common scientific parlance as a result.Chronobiol-ogists have since progressed from describing biologicaltimekeeping in nearly all types ofliving things to identifyingthe structures and processes associated with it,including thebiochemical and molecular genetic mechanisms responsiblefor it.Even more astounding,several researchers have iden-tified mutations in human clock-related genes that result inabnormal sleepÐwake cycles;some have identified disordersin clock mechanisms that predispose us to cancers and car-diovascular disease,and others are trying to determine whenin the circadian cycle treatments for cancer and other diseasesare most efficacious.Thus chronobiology has matured to astate that beckons the interest of the general public,calls forcollege courses to be taught,and attracts researchers from re-lated disciplines. It is therefore heartening to see the fieldexplained at different levels of sophistication in several newbooks.John D. PalmerOs The Living Clock (2002) provides anamusing and enjoyable personal journey through the studyof chronobiology. Palmer, a professor at the University ofMassachusetts,has over the years documented a wide arrayofrhythmic behaviors,primarily in marine microorganismsand invertebrates. He has shown, for example, that crabsdwelling in the intertidal zone synchronize their behavior bothto the time ofday and to the tide.In The Living Clock, his fifthbook on chronobiology,Palmer introduces the subject witha discussion ofwhat he clearly knows best,the phenomenallydiverse chronobiological adaptations found among micro-organisms.He follows this with three chapters devoted to bio-logical timekeeping in humans,including an account of theformal properties ofcircadian rhythms,drawn from clinicalstudies. He describes the effects of biological clocksNandhence time of dayNon patientsOresponses to drugs and onour attempts to adapt to unnatural shift-work schedules,toartificial lighting,and to the more modern problem ofjet lag.Surprisingly (to me,at least),Palmer concludes this sectionwith a rather uncritical endorsement ofthe use ofthe pinealhormone melatonin for amelioration ofthe symptoms causedby these hazards of modern life.This is my own area of re-search and interest, and I was disappointed to find thatPalmerOs discussion included several minor inaccuracies.These seem to derive mainly from an incautious enthusiasm,but they gave me cause to wonder about the accuracy ofother sections.Subsequent chapters return to more familiar chronobi-ological territory:rhythmic processes in microorganisms,in-tertidal invertebrates, higher animals, and plants. Palmersaves the most recent advances in the field for the last,cu-riously short chapter,prematurely entitled ODenouement.OHere,Palmer gives lamentably short shrift to studies iden-tifying and demonstrating the activity ofspecialized clock-related structures in higher animals, such as the pinealorgan and the suprachiasmatic nucleus in vertebrates.He alsoglosses over the tremendous advances made over the past 25years as a result of developments in molecular genetics andgenomics.After explaining the phenomenon of biologicaltime with great enthusiasm,Palmer seems to relegate to anafterthought the news that science can now tell a good storyabout the intricate interplay of genes and accumulatingproteins that drives many biological clocks.His failure to ad-equately explain these pathbreaking discoveries robs thedenouement of much of its force.Yet despite this unsatis-factory closing and some overstatement, I could recom-mend PalmerOs book to an intelligent lay reader looking foran introduction to the topic.In the same vein but deeper into the lode, Rhythms ofLife,by Russell G.Foster and Leon Kreitzman (2004),will appealto a more technically sophisticated audience.Foster is a pro-fessor ofmolecular neuroscience at Imperial College,London,and a highly regarded chronobiology researcher who has


We consider the results of studies on the choice of material of the lower radial bearing of the pump, designed to circulate the coolant lead – bismuth. The circulation of the liquid coolant is provided by a vertical axial pump having a "long" shaft. In this design it is necessary to provide for the lower bearing the lubrication carried out with lead – bismuth coolant. Having analyzed the operating conditions of the axial pump, we decided to carry out the lower bearing in accordance with the scheme of a hydrodynamic sliding bearing. The materials of friction pairs in such a bearing must withstand the stresses arising from the operation of the pump, as well as the aggressive conditions of the coolant. Non-metallic materials – ceramics and carbon-based composite materials – were selected basing on the study of literature data for experimental research on the corrosion and heat resistance in the lead-bismuth environment.


In Proceedings of conference, Current Quantity and Quality of Groundwater of Uzbekistan: Issues and Solutions, held at the Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology Institute, Tashkent, Uzbekistan, 19-20 June 2008. Tashkent, Uzbekistan: Institute of Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology


The externally gapped line arrester (EGLA) is a type of arrester that optimizes the positive characteristics of the oldest arrester design component, a series gap, and the newest arrester design component, a metal oxide varistor (MOV). Combining these two components yields a significant improvement in line protection and reliability options for utilities. However due to negative characteristics of gapped technology when used in series with an earlier varistor type silicon carbide (SiC) arresters, the EGLA is experiencing substantial acceptance issues. The purpose of this document is to clarify the difference between these two technologies and to outline the fundamental characteristics that make this arrester design the optimal for line protection.


1. Address all correspondence to: Nickolette Roney, MPH, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Division of Toxicology, 1600 Clifton Road, Mailstop E29, Atlanta, GA . 30333. Tel.:(404) 639-5292. Fax:(404) 639-6315. E-mail:email@example.com. 2. Abbreviations: ATSDR, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry; CERCLA, Comprehensive Environmental Response, and Liability Act; SARA, Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act; NPL, National Priorities List; HazDat, Hazardous Substance Release/Health Effects database; RQ, Reportable Quantity; TES, Toxicity/Environmental Score; SC, Source Contribution. 3.


The purpose of this paper is to explain the contraction of VyV in Korean. The contraction of VyV was effected by the two types of chages: bayam>baem and bayam>byam "snake". These changes are explained as the following chain of changes. The change [pajam] > [pejam] is a case of regressive frontness assimilation (umlaut). The change [peam] > [pe : m] can be viewed as a case of vowel deletion accompanied by compensatory lengthening. It can also be viewed as a case of vowel assimilation. However, there was not an intermediate stage like [peem] between [peam] and [pe : m]. The above-mentioned vowel assimilation V 1 V 2 > V 1 : is the process of gradual encroachment whereby V 1 becomes longer and longer at the expense of the length of V 2 . The following example is evidence of the process of encroachment: [se : a l∫imi] ( [pja : m] is a case of glide formation accompanied by compensatory lengthening. There may have been intermediate stages [peam] and [piam] between [peam] and [pja : m]. For the change seoyangcheol > saengcheol 'tinplate', the following processes should be set up: [s∂jaŋ] > [sejaŋ] > [seaŋ] > [seaŋ] > [se : ŋ]. The change [seaŋ] > [seaŋ] is a case of regressive height assimilation. For the change doyaji > dwaeji 'pig', the following processes are required: [tojadζi] > [tojadζi]> [toadζi] > [tœadζi] > [tweadζi] > [twe : dζi]. The diphthongization of [œ] to [we] is due to the fact that [œ] is highly unnatural.


Handwritten and machine-printed characters are recognized separately in most OCR systems due to their distinct difference. In applications where both kinds of characters are involved, it is necessary to judge a character's handwritten/printed property before feeding it into the proper recognition engine. In this paper, a new method to discriminate between handwritten and machine-printed character is proposed. Unlike most previous works, the discrimination we carried out in this paper is totally based on single character. Five kinds of statistical features are extracted from character image, then feature selection and classification are implemented simultaneously by a learning algorithm based on AdaBoost. Experiments on large data sets have demonstrated the effectiveness of the method.


SummaryFrom 1966 to 1969 several fungicides sprayed at different frequencies and in some cases at different rates were used in experiments to control the foliar phase of tulip fire, caused by Botry...


With the increasing of the number of unearthed epitaphs in the Six Dynasties Period,more and more relevant studies have come into being.However,the identities of the writers and calligraphers of these epitaphs,predecessors in the academic circle hold all kinds of different opinions because of confusion of the specific division of the writers,calligraphers and carvers.According to the unearthed epitaphs and relative stone inscriptions,division of epitaph calligraphy's participants,and the comprehensive survey of the possibility of the scholars involved in writing epitaphs in the Six Dynasties,as well as the change of purpose in using epitaphs from the Eastern Jin Dynasty to the Southern Dynasty,the identity of the writers could basically determined: the writers of the Eastern Jin Dynasty's epitaphs were the tombs owners' relatives,and the writers of the Southern Dynasty's epitaphs were not only the tombs owners' relatives but also their friends,moreover the royal nobility's epitaphs were even written the well-known writers of that time.The question about the calligraphers of the epitaphs in the Six Dynasties is more complex and should be treated differently.So that the artistic values of epitaphs in the Six Dynasties could be assessed more objectively.


Background: The aim is to evaluate the effect of gum chewing on the return of intestinal motility after elective CS.Methods: Study period was from September 2017 to March 2018 at the Assiut Women Health University Hospital. The study was registered as a prospective cohort study (Clinicaltrial.gov   NCT03355378). Women planned for elective CS according to selection criteria randomized to two groups: Group 1: included 100 patients who received intraoperative and postoperative non-sugary gum chewing as 15 minutes every 2 hours post-operatively for 6 hours with regular care and Group 2: included 100 patients who received regular care without gum chewing.Results: No statistically significant difference regarding the baseline criteria of both groups. There was a statistically significant lower systolic and diastolic blood pressure in gum chewing group. Hospital stay of gum chewing group was 7.33±0.73 hours versus in non-gum chewing group 20.28 ± 9.92 (p=0.000). Passage of flatus of gum chewing group was 8.54±0.98 hours versus in non-gum chewing group 13.22 ± 3.75 (P= 0.000).Conclusions: Gum chewing during elective CS improves gut motility in a safe way resulting in early passage of flatus, less hospital stay, and minimal pain score less cost on hospitals.


Dietary habits in Japan have rapidly changed after World War 11, which was accompanied by changes of plasma lipid levels. However, whether increase of plasma cholesterol level still continues or not is not clear. Change of serum cholesterol levels in Japanese men and women between two cross-sectional observations in 1980 and 1990 were studied in the Japan National Survey for Coronary Heart Disease by the Ministry of Health and Welfare, and it was shown that there was about a 15 to 20 mgidl increase in serum cholesterol in both men and women.' Although there have been several reports that showed trends in cholesterol level in Japan, almost none of these reports was based on longitudinal observations. We have tried to examine the longitudinal trends of cholesterol and triglyceride levels in these 16 years in the Japanese population.


Transnational corporation governance is influenced by both the institution of the parent company and the local institutional environment of the host country.This article takes TNC-invested enterprises in China as the research object and analyses in detail the change of their external and internal governance structures on the basis of Chinese institutional arrangement,and finds that they have had the different characteristics with their home parent companies.The changing paths of their governance is as follows: the parent company-leading corporate governance,the incomplete corporate governance and the complete corporate governance which is the integration of Sino-Western governance.


Financial instruments as such raise emotions and will continue to do so in future, as well. The accounting attitude toward the reporting of financial instruments according to IFRS is to a great extent connected with the fair or, in more specific terms, present values of these instruments. This is due to the fact that the standard issuing authorities aim at providing investors with the most up-to-date data at the moment of issuing the financial statements, with a reference to the actual development of the values of the company's assets on the market. Since 2005 (due to E.U. Regulation 1606/2002), companies whose shares are traded on the public market are obliged to make reports pursuant to the IFRS in whole EU. This paper provides the analysis of the current situation with reporting of financial instruments under IFRS standards in the Czech Republic and stress the attention on reporting under fair value concept at not such active market...


Developed with local government in mind, this procedure for quickly assessing the economic impacts of retail development proposals is of much wider interest. The procedure is based upon location–allocation concepts which not only provide insights into the nature of the problem of estimating economic impacts, but also ideas about the more difficult problems of levels of service provision and, hence, social impacts. As it stands, the procedure provides estimates of impacts over a predetermined forecast period and can be implemented by relatively inexperienced researchers using mostly published data and existing PC software. However, as experience and expertise improve, it can also be updated by 'plugging-in' increasingly sophisticated models, until a full-scale decision support system evolves.