Disclosed is a LED-module with a first and a second sub-string of LEDs. The LED module has a first input terminal and a second input terminal, which are configured such that the LED module over to a voltage source or, if the LED module according to the invention is intended to be part of a concatenation of several LED modules, in an upstream LED module can be connected. Further, the LED module has a second output terminal and a second input terminal, which are configured such that the LED module can be also connected to a downstream LED module when the LED module according to the invention be part of a concatenation of several LED modules should. According to the invention the module has a parallel connection terminal which can be connected for parallel connection of its two part chains formed from LEDs to the first input port. According to the invention, the module further has a connected to an output of its first part of the chain formed of LEDs first intermediate terminal and a connected to an input of its second partial chain formed from LEDs second intermediate terminal that can be connected to the series connection of the two partial chains.


Air defense warhead softwares were anlyzed for lethality assessment.It is found that those softwares are usually used to design some specific warheads,the functions are very limited,and it is difficult to use these to design a new warhead and assess its lethality.Based on these,the design and assessment procedure for air defense warhead was investigated and common software structure was brought up.Combining new image processing technology with theoretical models,the version of the warhead software was developed.It it shown that the software system has good interactive features and image display functions and it can be very helpful to perform overall structure design for a warhead and then to assess lethality of warhead.


Objective To analyze different public health requirements between the migrated population and local residents and the related influencing factors so as to provide reference for the work of community health workers.Methods Questionnaire survey was made on public health requirements among 1790 residents who are over 30 years old living in Juquan Xincheng community of Shanghai.Results Of all 1790 respondents,884 were migrants and the 906 were local residents.95.91% of the local residents had received public health service,chiefly measurement of blood pressure and health records,higher than the migrating population.47.23% of the migrating population and 39.33% of the local residents thought it necessary to receive public health service,the most important of which were checkup and health care direction.More local residents thought it unnecessary to receive public health service,accounting for 60.66% of the total,the reason for which was mainly because they thought they were very healthy at present.As for the ways of paying for checkup,most of the people were unwilling to pay for their checkups while only a small number of people were willing to pay 10% of the fees.Conclusions Migranting population have more public health requirements while public health service for local residents is to be improved,therefore,there is still much room for providing public health service in the local area.It is feasible to carry out checkups and health education so as to improve people's medical knowledge,especially that of preventive health care.


In this paper, we conduct an incentive study on the adoption of the blockchain technology in a two-period model with retailer's use of strategic inventory. Without the adoption of the blockchain technology, the retailer has private information regarding the market size. We investigate the retailer's voluntary signaling decisions via his pricing and strategic inventory decisions. We determine the retailer's equilibrium price and the manufacturer's optimal wholesale price. Both separating and pooling equilibria are discussed, and the unique lexicographically maximum sequential equilibrium is identified. With the adoption of the blockchain technology, there is no information asymmetric between the supply chain members. We find that the manufacturer has the incentive to adopt the blockchain technology when the demand uncertainty is moderate to high, and the retailer has the incentive to adopt the blockchain technology when the demand uncertainty is low or high. When the manufacturer and the retailer have a misalignment in the adoption of the technology, a central planner can help to achieve coordination.


The aims of this study were to investigate (a) the most common reasons athletes comply with their coaches and (b) whether athletes' background characteristics could predict reasons for complying. As a theoretical framework, French and Raven's taxonomy of power bases (expert, referent, legitimate, reward, and coercive power) was used. Data from 784 team sport athletes were used in the analysis. The results showed that compliance was most often related to coaches' legitimate and expert power. It was further shown that athletes' background characteristics predicted attributions of coaches' power bases, with age being the most influential characteristic.


We demonstrate a new type of parallelized volumetric fluorescence imaging without any scanning mechanism, coined coded light-sheet array microscopy (CLAM), based upon reconfigurable generation of incoherent light-sheet array (>40 light-sheets) and multiplexed plane-wide encoding.


Of the five great river systems which cover much of England and Wales, the HumberOuse-Trent is one of the most extensive, stretching eastwards from the Pennines and the Peak to the Yorkshire and Lincolnshire wolds. The two contiguous lowland areas of the Isle ofAxholme and Hatfield Chase constitute a natural division in the North Midlands plain between the Vale of Trent and the more northerly Vale of York. The extensive river and estuarine navigation systems of these two vales were gradually developed over the centuries in conjunction with land carriage routes. Regional transport history should attempt to establish the distinctive patterns of activity and identify the interdependence and complementary nature of land carriage routes, river navigation and the coasting trade. The Vale of York is well suited to this purpose, for its transport networks provided the essential links between Hull and the coalfield and manufacturing districts west and south-west of the vale. Although transport routes can be considered separately, many of the dramatis personae were active in more than one undertaking, emphasising the need to study development on a regional basis and to consider road and water routes in conjunction with the pattern of market towns and inland ports. This paper attempts to fit the transport history of the Vale of York into the economic development of the region, by tracing the patterns of marketing which underlay improvement schemes and the new patterns of trade which the improved networks brought about.


This research starting point was the importance of geographic knowledge in preschool education through spatial thinking, considering the fact that that children can broaden their spatial knowledge. We developed this research as a doctoral thesis in education, and our main objective was to propose theoretical and methodological references for the spatial knowledge of children aged between 4 and 6 years old. The study was based on the following question: Which spatial abilities and concepts can be addressed in activities aimed at developing spatial thinking in children aged 4 to 6 years old? To answer this question and achieve the main objective, we developed teaching situations based on spatial thinking theories, children drawings and concept construction under a cultural and historical perspective and analyzed the patterns established in the children dialogues and their graphic representations as well. The sequence of activities were video recorded and the participants' spatial thinking expression was analyzed considering their gestures, words and graphic representations. The objective of this study was to present the investigative paths and their results. We followed the conception of childhood as social category and the children's right to knowledge, in this case, spatial. Analyzing the research data, we concluded that words are fundamental elements for the concretization of thinking, and drawing is part of cartographic initiation.


Depression is a common illness worldwide, with an estimate of about 350 million as on 2016. Anxiety is a feeling of worry, nervousness, or unease about something with an uncertain outcome. The annual years of healthy life lost per 100,000 people from anxiety disorders in India has increased by 7.2% since 1990, an average of 0.3% a year. The purpose of this study is to know whether the students are depressed and anxious during exam times and if so, in what grade of depression and anxiety the majority of students comes under .And with the results, to make general awareness and pacify the school student regarding their exams. Materials and Methods:  A cross sectional study will be conducted among the school students studying 9 th and 10 th standard in the field practice areas of the Department of Community Medicine Pondicherry institute of Medical Sciences, Duration of the study is one month (February 2017). Considering the prevalence of Anxiety and Depression as 25%, with 20% absolute precision the sample size calculated was 312. Results: Most of the 9 th and 10 th standard students are having mild depression, ie 119 students (n) which constitutes about 38.1%. Also on comparing 9 th and 10 th standard students, 9th standard students are having minimal depression ie 65 students which constitutes about 60.2 %, whereas 10 th standard students are having mild depression ie 70 students which constitutes about 51.8%.. Providing counselling for students, the teacher of a class should know the different difficulties of each student of their class and try to solve them in a smooth manner by doing these activities we can reduce the percentage of depression and anxiety among school children's for an extent.


Irish Law Tottel's Companies Acts, 1963 to 2007 is a compendium of all Irish company law legislation (Acts of the Oireachtas and statutory instruments). Every relevant piece of company legislation is included, fully consolidated, with incisive commentary on each section. The annotations explain the amendments, cross-refer to the definitions sections, give the corresponding UK provision and provide detailed notes on relevant case law. Fully up-dated.


With global warming now an established reality, the world's deserts are advancing. Only camels can survive as the best livestock for projects of sustainable agriculture and animal production under these harsh conditions. Camels can be in times of ecological crisis the proper animals that can be farmed in those dry land areas. Currently, due to global changes of environmental conditions, camels nature, charcteristics, speciest productivity and breeding systems have become of concern to several countries. The low quality and low value of camel's products (milk, meat, leather, hair), are attributed to lack of innovation in the production systems and poor research on products innovation. tn the framework of the European Neighborhood and Partnership Instrument (ENPI) of the "Mediterranean Sea Basin Program" that aims to enhance cooperation between the European Union (EU) and partner countries from the south basin of the Mediterranean Sea. Four countries, Tunis, through the Institute des RegionsArides -laboratoired'efevage et de la faunesauvage (IRA) and Egypt, through the Desert Research Center (DRC), representing the south Mediterranean basin and Italy, through the D.E.T.O. (University of Bari) and France. through the CIRAD (Centre de Cooperation tnternationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Developpement), representing the Northern basin of the Mediterranean, started a collaborative project PROCAMED, for improvement of camel production as a tool for sustainable development. The project is contributing to the targets of the program according to the following priority and measure: 1. Promotion of socio-economic development and enhancement of territories 11 . Supporting innovation and research for promoting the local development processes of the Mediterranean Basin Countries. (Resume d'auteur)


Abstract Distribution patterns of the sciaphilic cardinal fish, Apogon imberbis, were investigated by visual census in southern Apulia (SE Italy, Mediterranean Sea) in three shallow marine caves. Sampling was carried out in four periods, from July 2000 to June 2001 and A. imberbis was always found in large numbers inside all three caves. Density values ranged from a few to more than 1800 individuals 100 m‐2. Great numbers of juveniles, about 1 cm long, with a reddish‐transparent livery and grouped in large schools, were found in July 2000 in the three caves. Adult A. imberbis were fairly evenly distributed in time, among caves, as well as within each cave along the axis; recruitment appeared to be the most important process affecting temporal changes in total abundance of A. imberbis. The present study thus showed that marine caves represent important nurseries for recruiting of A. imberbis, as well as the preferred habitat for adults. The fact that A. imberbis may reach such high densities inside marine caves supports the hypothesis that this fish could play a relevant ecological role in the daily transfer of organic matter into these environments, an issue deserving further research.


Introduction One of the challenges of agronomy in the 21 st century is to increase the productivity per land surface unit while reducing the use of chemical inputs. One way to reach this goal is to cultivate different plant species together. Winter wheat and peas cultivated in association showed promising results in temperate areas. This association allows reaching a good land equivalent ratio, reducing the use of nitrogen fertilizers and obtaining high quality harvests (Pierreux et al., 2014, 2016). To understand these results, probably explained by the transfer of nitrogen from nodules of legumes to wheat, studies at root level with quantification of nodules are required. Quantification of nodules based on visual counting is time consuming. Furthermore, roots of peas and winter wheat cannot be easily separated by visual observation or by image analysis. In this study, near infrared hyperspectral imaging (NIR-HSI) is tested as a rapid method to quantify the amount of nodules and roots of each plant species in soil samples collected during growing period under associated crops of winter wheat and peas.


KELLY BRIAN McPHILLIPS Two mail questionnaires were sent to South Dakota archery deer hunters after the 1981 archery deer season. One questionnaire was sent to a random sample of all bowhunters,and the second to a sample of bowhunters failing to return the South Dakota Department of Game, Fish and Parks (SDGFP) mandatory big game hunter report card. Success rate of bowhunters killing deer and crippling rate of deer by bowhunters were determined. A profile of the average bowhunter was developed. The SDGFP bowhunter reporting system was evaluated. Success rates from the 2 questionnaires (29% and 19%) were significantly different from each other and from success rates as derived from SDGFP report card returns (42% and 12%). Twenty-one percent of all bowhunters crippled at least one deer. Crippling rate was calculated as a proportion relative to total harvest of bow killed deer. A comparative study of success and crippling by rifle hunters is needed to fully assess the effects of crippling on the South Dakota deer resource. Profile information revealed that the average age of bowhunters was 31. �en comprised 97Z of the sample. Each hunter spent 15.8 days bowhunting deer and $192.00 to pursue t�at sport. Eighty-three �ercent used compound bows and 88Z had hunted deer with a firearm as well as with a bow. Twenty-one percent of the sample had never had archery instruction indicating the need for a broader based hunter education program. Initial response rate to both questionnaires (74% and 66%) was significantly greater than response to the SDGFP mandatory big game hunter report card mailed with each license (38%) . A study should be initiated to determine the effects of end of season mailing of SDGFP hunter report cards.


There is much debate on how recent increases in medical malpractice premiums affect patients' access to care. We examined activity levels of neurosurgeons and obstetricians, as well as the incidence of high-risk surgery and patients' travel times in Florida, where malpractice insurance premiums have soared since 2000. Compared with 1997-2000, we found that during 2000-2003, many neurosurgeons cut back their volume of brain surgeries and that craniotomy patients traveled longer for care without any significant change in the overall incidence of craniotomies. Women undergoing high-risk deliveries did not see increases in travel times.


Public urban water utilities in developing countries share enormous challenges in meeting the water needs of their growing urban populations as a result of poor utility management practice. This article summarizes the results of a project initiated by the African Water Utility Partnership (WUP), supported by the Swedish International Development Agency (Sida) which has pioneered a successful partnership between Severn Trent Water International, the Water, Engineering and Development Centre (WEDC) and six African water utilities. Important policy lessons emerged from this innovative partnership approach to utility management improvement and opportunities were identified for scaling up these approaches to other utilities.


The estimation of the intensity function of an earthquake record is a key step for the non-stationary stochastic representation of seismic action in dynamic structural analyses. In spite of its importance, only a few procedures have been applied to obtain the intensity function of a given earthquake record. Amongst them, the underlying stationary process (USP) method, proposed by Ferrer and Sanchez-Carratala (2006), is the only procedure that can be considered as a standard method for earthquake analysis, since it can be systematically applied to fit any prescribed intensity function to any real record. Furthermore, it allows the quantitative assessment of the fitting by using some error parameter calculated from the underlying process. The USP method has been extensively applied to many accelerograms from several seismic regions using common unimodal theoretical or code-based intensity functions. However, these unimodal functions only attempt to model the amplitude evolution over the time of seismic events caused by a singular and instantaneous rupture process. The analysis of complex accelerograms, with two or more separate peaks produced by several fault ruptures or very different wave paths, can be accomplished by the composition of two or more single-peak intensity functions. In the present paper, the standard USP method is extended to solve the problem of fitting the amplitude modulation function of multimodal accelerograms. A numerical application of the proposed method to some real multimodal earthquake records is carried out, showing the ability of the USP method to accurately obtain the amplitude modulation function of complex accelerograms.


In this work, a lithiophilic Ni-Al@LDH interlayer is engineered at the Li6.4La3Zr1.4Ta0.6O12 (LLZTO) electrolyte and Li anode interface. The Ni-Al@LDH interlayer can significantly reduce the interfacial resistance as well as give excellent cycling performance both in a symmetric Li//Li cell and solid full lithium metal batteries.


Poster: "ECR 2017 / C-1608 / What is the comfortable bowel preparation method for CTC for everyone, for both patients and medical professionals ?  Tips: Action mechanism & Reservation Time!  Bowel Cleansing Agent, Scheduling of CTC Starting Time" by: "M. Suzuki1, J. sasaki1, S. suzuki1, M. Sakaue2, O. jinno3, Y. Muramatsu1, N. Moriyama1; 1Tokyo/JP, 2Gose, Nara/JP, 3tokai,aichi/JP"


Intracerebral hemorrhage is a serious disease which is threatening human life and survival quality.The in-cidence of intracerebral hemorrhage is lower than that of ischemic stroke,while the mortality and the morbidity are higher and the prognosis is poorer,which brings a huge burden to our families and society.Therefore,perfect predict-ing prognosis is of great significance to guiding the treatment and rehabilitation program.There are many factors that can affect the prognosis of intracerebral hemorrhage.This article is going to summarize the common influencing factors of intracerebral hemorrhage in clinical practice.


An important company located in an Industrial Park on the outskirts of Buenos Aires detected a sudden electrical failure in the plant, which used to affect the normal operation of a brand new wire stripping machine. Naturally, such a failure used to lead to significant losses on the production process. For this reason, the issue needed to be addressed in the short term.


Mice that lack CaMKIIδ (KO) are significantly protected from the development of myocardial damage following ischemia reperfusion (I/R). Cardioprotection in KO animals was associated with the loss of NF‐κB‐mediated inflammatory responses. CaMKIIδ is alternatively spliced in the heart to generate the CaMKIIδB and δC subtypes. In vitro data also suggest that δC is deleterious while δB may be cardioprotective. Furthermore, mice expressing δC rapidly and spontaneously progress to heart failure and death while those expressing δB have a milder phenotype. We postulated that CaMKIIδB and δC play opposing roles in response to I/R injury. Mice expressing CaMKIIδB and δC were subjected to global ischemia in the Langendorff mode for 25 minutes followed by reperfusion for various times. CaMKII activation and substrate phosphorylation were assessed by western blot. Subcellular fractionation was performed to determine compartment‐specific CaMKII activation. Infarct size was used as a measure of myocardial injury. I/R led to activation of CaMKIIδC but not δB in the cytosolic compartment. IκB‐Kinase (IKK) phosphorylation was increased in mice expressing CaMKIIδC but not in those expressing δB. Mice expressing δC showed large infarcts compared to WT, while mice expressing CaMKIIδB show greatly diminished infarct formation following I/R. The observation that pharmacological inhibition of IKK mitigated the deleterious effects of δC overexpression suggests that selective activation of CaMKIIδC in the cytosol and subsequent activation of inflammatory signaling contributes to I/R injury.


Drawing on our experience with users training at Milano-Bicocca University Library, we focus on the choice of e-learning as a tool for developing users' information literacy skills. If we compare distance learning and on-site learning data, what are the pros and cons in terms of efficiency and efficacy? Why should one invest time and resources in online training? What opportunities, present and future, does an e-learning platform offer? Our article answers these and other questions and raises issues that can apply to other contexts as well.


Hydropower technology energy is one of the most important renewable energy sources in the world. However, its development has been accompanied by environmental and social ills. Problems related to environmental degradation and power generation can adversely affect hydropower. Sustainable hydropower projects are possible, but meeting the challenges requires good planning and careful system design. All around arranged hydropower projects assist with giving maintainable energy. Feasible advancement is made conceivable by the utilization of economical energy and by guaranteeing that residents approach reasonable, solid and supportable current energy. With solid government support and worked on financial circumstances, is at the front of being one of the most alluring environmentally friendly power markets on the planet. In proposed method for Gaussian Process Energy Efficient Maintainable Environment (GPEEME) for programs and a liberal environment to attract foreign investment to rapidly expand the country in the renewable energy market. The renewable energy sector is expected to generate more domestic jobs in the coming years. The purpose is to present the key decisions, opportunities, forecasts, power generation and challenges, investments and job opportunities for renewable energy development in India. In this review, the renewable energy sector. Globally, the overall impact of power generation on existing hydropower is expected to be small or slightly positive. However, the possibilities vary greatly from region to region and region to region. Finally, the general assessment of hydropower is that economy and established technology plays a significant role in mitigating power generation and plays a key role in changing water availability for power generation. However, great care must be taken to reduce the huge environmental and social costs.


This book helps the reader recognize the onset of early disabilities in the infant. Normal and pathological motor development are discussed in detail. Practical criteria for early recognition are pointed out. Medical and social therapeutic possibilities - including those which can be taken over by the parents - are discussed. A chapter on "handling" illustrates via photos how to teach the parents to help their children learn to coordinate their movements smoothly.


Postnatal depression in fathers is associated with increased risk for psychiatric disorders in children at age 7 years, particularly oppositional


In this paper, we show how short-circuits on FPGAs can be caused by partial runtime reconfiguration. Short-circuit can even occur on FPGAs that do not offer any tristate resources just by using off the shelf vendor tools without any bitstream manipulation. The duration of the here presented short-circuits ranges from short spikes up to persistent short-circuits that remain active during runtime. Short-circuits will result in increased current consumption and can thus harm the system and must therefore be prevented. An algorithm is derived that detects whether configuration data will cause short-circuits. We implemented this algorithm in a bitstream scanner that can also be used in systems at runtime.


The morphology of penicillium in the condition of different concentrations of five heavy metals was observed.Some valuable morphologic gist was provided for researchers who study microbial bionomics.


Hypergraphs have attracted increasing attention in recent years thanks to their flexibility in naturally modeling a broad range of systems where high-order relationships exist among their interacting parts. This survey reviews the newly born hypergraph representation learning problem, whose goal is to learn a function to project objects—most commonly nodes—of an input hyper-network into a latent space such that both the structural and relational properties of the network can be encoded and preserved. We provide a thorough overview of existing literature and offer a new taxonomy of hypergraph embedding methods by identifying three main families of techniques, i.e., spectral, proximity-preserving, and (deep) neural networks. For each family, we describe its characteristics and our insights in a single yet flexible framework and then discuss the peculiarities of individual methods, as well as their pros and cons. We then review the main tasks, datasets, and settings in which hypergraph embeddings are typically used. We finally identify and discuss open challenges that would inspire further research in this field.


Capsule Few clutches were predated, with Otter Lutra lutra the most frequent predator filmed. Aims To determine the rate of nest predation and identify predators of the Slavonian Grebe Podiceps auritus in Scotland. Methods Miniature 24-hour time-lapse video cameras were placed next to 23 Slavonian Grebe nests on five lakes to record nest failure events and to identify predators that depredated the contents of nests. For comparison, ten nests without cameras were also monitored and their outcomes recorded. Results The probabilities of clutch failure due to predation, and wave damage or water level rise were 19% and 30%, respectively. Otters took two clutches and an adult grebe plus chicks from nests. Other predators filmed at nests were Stoat Mustela erminea, Carrion Crow Corvus corone, Common Gull Larus canus and Coot Fulica atra. No difference in predation rates between nests with and without cameras was detected. Otters were recorded at eight of 13 lakes studied. An American Mink Mustela vison was recorded at one lake. Conclusion The nest predation rate of Slavonian Grebe in Scotland was not high compared with other studies and is not of conservation concern.


There are three probabilities to claim that Mandarin Chinese has multiple Determiner Phrase (DP) structures: (1) Simpson (2001) takes "de" in nominal phrase as the head of the structure: "Zhangsan de shu" is a DP and "de" is the head D. In this theory, when "de" and demonstratives like "this/that" appear in the same structure, there is going to be a multiple DP structure. (2) Huang, Li & Li (2008) take both pronouns and demonstratives as the heads of the appositive structures like "tamen zhe sange haizi". In this opinion, Mandarin Chinese has Split-D structures like Italian, Hungarian and Greek. (3) It seems that a Mandarin DP could have double heads D when two determiners both appear in the same structure. In "renhe zhe lei wenti", the determiners "renhe" and "zhe" both appear. The structure is going to be analyzed as a multiple DP or a Split-D structure. However, the paper proves that Mandarin Chinese has no multiple DP structures, not like Italian, Hungarian or Greek.


The paper proposes a method of use of the accumulated surplus of solar water heating installation, the major element of which is the solar collector for heating of greenhouses. The heat energy, which was preserved in the battery for the summer months, can be used for heating of greenhouses in the autumn and winter months. The proposed method will significantly increase the efficiency of the solar collector and reduce the term of recoupment. This development will be relevant for the individual dwelling houses, with garden plots sufficient to build greenhouses there. The use of ""Energy Effective"" greenhouses combined with solar water heating unit, significantly reduces the cost of electricity and heating. The use of low-grade thermal energy from the sun and soil is the main direction of development of energy-saving technology of housing and communal services.


THE PROCLAMATION by the United Nations of 1975 as the International Women's Year has helped focus attention on women and sex discrimination around the world. The very fact, however, that there is need for an International Women's Year to foster awareness about women's condition and stimulate interest and action to improve their status underlines the subordinate position of women. While women are discriminated against in all societies and life sectors, some changes have already occurred that represent tangible improvements in some aspects of their status. These changes are uneven because, due to different combinations of cultural, socioeconomic, political, and historical factors, existing sociopsychological and structural barriers have been overcome more or less easily in different societies and social classes. In addition, the "status" of women is not a unidimensional concept but a configuration of statuses in different life sectors (education, occupation, politics, family, etc.) which are not necessarily interrelated. Thus changes and improvements in one indicator of the status of women are not necessarily related to a proportionate improvement in other indicators. There is evidence that (a) the equalization of men's and women's educational options is not necessarily related to the equalization of employment options, (o) the equalization of men's and women's educational or/and occupational options is not related to the equalization of familial and social-mobility options, and (c) the equalization of educational and occupational options is not related to the equalization of political options. Thus, even when significant advances are made in the over-all educational achievements of women, this does not necessarily signify that women will have the option to work when they are wives and mothers, as much as similarly educated men. Prevailing values and sex-role stereotypes may allow women to become educated, but may not


Gastric cancer is the fourth most common cancer and the second cause of cancer-related death worldwide . Various types of gastric cancers differ in their epidemiology, pathogenesis, genetic profile and clinical outcome . There has been the overall decline in the total incidence of gastric cancer in the last few decades worldwide, but the decline of signet ring cell (SRC) type of gastric carcinoma has been more gradual and some studies have even reported an increase of SRC type carcinoma . As a result, there are different data about incidence of SRC carcinoma it has been reported that 3.4 – 29% of patients with gastric cancer had SRC type histology and the newest data say that SRC carcinoma accounts for more than 30% of gastric carcinomas in some reported series . Comparing with other types of gastric cancer, SRC gastric carcinoma has a tendency to involve the entire stomach and to extend directly into neighboring organs. It has the poorest prognosis, is more common in females than males and occurs at a comparatively younger age . Although most researchers believe that SRC carcinoma is characterized by poor differentiation, strong invasive tendency and poor prognosis, the clinicopathologic parameters of this type of malignancy are still controversial . Controversial reported data on gastric SRC cancer incidence, prognosis, histogenesis, metastasis, phenotipic histologic and immunohistochemical features, and confusion induced by the presence of morphologic patterns other than the conventional appearance, are the facts that require further investigations . Classifications of gastric carcinoma


Two‐photon laser writing is used here to fabricate 3D proteinaceous microstructures with photothermal functionality in the near‐infrared spectral region and tunable elasticity. The photo‐cross‐linking is initiated in bovine serum albumin (BSA) by rose bengal or methylene blue and the photo‐thermal effect arises from gold non‐spherically symmetric nanoparticles dispersed in the ink. Massive energy transfer of the plasmonic resonances of the gold nanoparticles to methylene blue prevents effective photo‐crosslinking of BSA. However, stable microstructures with photo‐thermal functionality can be fabricated in the rose bengal proteinaceous inks. On these microstructures, with a gold atom concentration as low as 1% w/w, a highly localized temperature increase can be quickly (≅1 s) reached and maintained under continuous wave laser irradiation at 800 nm. The photothermal efficiency under continuous wave laser irradiation depends on the thickness of the microstructure and can reach 12.2 ± 0.4 °C W−1 These proteinaceous microstructures represent therefore a promising platform for future applications in the fields like physical stimulation of cells for regenerative nanomedicine.


In chemical processing plants and petroleum refineries, the pressure vessels and pipelines suffered often from fire accidents and thus resulted in the metal materials were in overheating state. Elevated temperature could cause the changes in metallographic structure and have unfavorable effects on material mechanical properties. In order to understand better the influence laws of overheating on metallographic structures and material mechanical properties, the methods of theoretical analysis and experimental research were used and the effects of thermal exposure temperature, duration time and cooling rate on microstructure and mechanical properties of low-alloy steel 12MnNiVR, were studied systematically. In the paper, mechanical testing (hardness test) are carried out to understand changes in the mechanical properties that would be observed in the metal exposed to elevated temperatures during a fire accident. The study can provide basis data for the material properties database of metal material suffered from fire accident, and afford technical supports in the key technologies on fire damage FFS (Fitness-For-Service) integrity assessment.


This paper analyzes the geneses of three severe disasters for the forest resources in Yangchuan City, and puts forward some preventing and solving measures.


An improved K-ω model, which allows for compressible corrections, is proposed in this paper. Numerical scheme was established utilizing the improved Total Variation Diminishing (TVD) scheme and applying implicit scheme to the negative source terms of the turbulence model. Hypersonic flat-plate boundary-layer flows and hypersonic compression ramp flows marked with separation, reattachment and shock/boundary layer interactions are then computed. Comparisons between the computational results, the experimental results and the semi-empirical formulations show that the compressible correction term of the K-ω turbulence model is a pressure-dilatation correlation. In addition, for flow with separation and without separation, calculation results of wall pressures, friction coefficients and wall heat transfer rate distributions using the improved model and established scheme agree better with the experimental results than that using the original K-ω model.


An active feedback system is required for long pulse operation of the reversed field pinch (RFP) device to suppress resistive wall modes (RWMs). A general feature of a feedback system using a discrete active coil array is a coupling effect which arises when a set of side band modes determined by the number of active coils is produced. Recent results obtained on the EXTRAP T2R RFP demonstrated the suppression of independent m = 1 RWMs using an active feedback system with a two-dimensional array of discrete active coils in the poloidal and toroidal directions. One of the feedback algorithms used is the intelligent shell feedback scheme. Active feedback systems having different number of active coils in the poloidal (Mc) and toroidal (Nc) directions (Mc × Nc = 2 × 32 and Mc × Nc = 4 × 16) are studied. Different side band effects are seen for these configurations. A significant prolongation of the plasma discharge is achieved for the intelligent shell feedback scheme using the 2 × 32 active coil configuration. This is attributed to the side band sets including only one of the dominant unstable RWMs and avoiding coupling to resonant modes. Analog proportional-integral-derivative controllers are used in the feedback system. Regimes with different values of the proportional gain are studied. The requirement of the proportional-integral control for low proportional gain and proportional-derivative control for high proportional gain is seen in the experiments.


Autonomous exploration allows mobile robots to navigate in initially unknown territories in order to build complete representations of the environments. In many real-life applications, environments often contain dynamic obstacles which can compromise the exploration process by temporarily blocking passages, narrow paths, exits or entrances to other areas yet to be explored. In this work, we formulate a novel exploration strategy capable of explicitly handling dynamic obstacles, thus leading to complete and reliable exploration outcomes in populated environments. We introduce the concept of dynamic frontiers to represent unknown regions at the boundaries with dynamic obstacles together with a cost function which allows the robot to make informed decisions about when to revisit such frontiers. We evaluate the proposed strategy in challenging simulated environments and show that it outperforms a state-of-the-art baseline in these populated scenarios.


Objective: To explore the value of 99mTc-MIBI imaging in diagnosis of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in nasal cavity. Method: Early and delay head and neck 99mTc-MIBI SPECT images were performed in 8 patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in nasal cavity, 10 cases of nasal polyp and 10 volunteers were included in the control group. Results: Eight(100%) lymphoma patients showed positive accumulation of 99mTc-MIBI in early phase and 7(87.5%) positive in delayed phase. Specificity was 70%. Tumor/gingival mucosa, tumor/parotid, tumor/scalp were significantly higher than that of the control group(P0.05). Conclusion: 99mTc-MIBI image is useful in diagnosing non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in nasal cavity.


A randomized crossover open trial of the adenoma miss rate for narrow band imaging(NBI) versus flexible spectral imaging color enhancement(FICE). International Journal of Colorectal Disease June 2013 DOI 10.01007/s00384-013-1735-4


A six degree-of-freedom nonlinear model of the near space hypersonic aircraft is founded and modified according to the series of literatures of Winged-Cone offered by American NASA Langley Research Center.Open-loop dynamatics and stability characteristics show that the presented model can meet the demand for strong nonlinear,high coupled,rapid time variation,and be applied to theory study and simulation validation of hypersonic aircraft control system.


SOME OF THE POSSIBILITIES AND LIMITATIONS OF THE USE OF VISCOELASTIC PRINCIPLES TO RELATE THE STRESS- STRAIN-TIME PROPERTIES OF ASPHALT CONCRETE HAVE BEEN DISCUSSED IN THE LIGHT OF THE RESULTS OF TRIAXIAL COMPRESSION TESTS. THE CONCEPT OF DEVIATORIC STRESS AND STRAIN, AS IT MIGHT BE USED TO EVALUATE THE EFFECT OF LATERAL PRESSURE ON THESE PROPERTIES, HAS BEEN INVESTIGATED. ACTUAL TEST DATA ARE PRESENTED TO SHOW THAT THIS CONSIDERATION MAY NOT BE VALID FOR ASPHALT CONCRETE, DUE TO THE LARGE EFFECT OF CONFINING PRESSURES. THE USE OF TWO MATHEMATICAL MODELS WITH THE DATA OBTAINED FROM FOUR TYPES OF TRIAXIAL COMPRESSION TESTS IS SHOWN, TOGETHER WITH A COMPARISON OF VALUES PREDICTED FROM VISCOELASTIC THEORY AND THOSE OBTAINED IN THE LABORATORY. IN GENERAL, CONSIDERABLE EVIDENCE IS PRESENTED TO SUPPORT THE VALUE OF THIS FORM OF ANALYSIS IN ITS POSSIBLE APPLICATION TO THE STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS OF FLEXIBLE PAVEMENTS. /AUTHOR/


Parameters of a virtual synchronous machine in a small microgrid are optimised. The dynamical behaviour of the system is simulated after a perturbation, where the system needs to return to its steady state. The cost functional evaluates the system behaviour for different parameters. This functional is minimised by Parallel Tempering. Two perturbation scenarios are investigated and the resulting optimal parameters agree with analytical predictions. Dependent on the focus of the optimisation different optima are obtained for each perturbation scenario. During the transient the system leaves the allowed voltage and frequency bands only for a short time if the perturbation is within a certain range.


This paper introduced systematically the imaging mechanism of main thermal CTP technologies including:thermal ablation,thermal cross-linking,thermal decomposition,thermal transfer and thermal phase transition etc,and the structure,working mechanism and characteristics of their relevant CTP plates.Their major superiorities are cited e.g.high quality,high timeliness,low production cost,high printing endurance etc,and also their shortcomings e.g.high price of thermal CTP plates and equipment,high exposure intensity etc.Nevertheless,thanks to their comprehensive advantages,the worldwide number of presently installed thermal CTP systems hit half of the total.


Shandong Continuously Operating Reference Station System(SDCORS) was introduced and the positioning accuracy of SDCORS,coverage,date of availability,compatibility and the performance of dynamic positioning were elaborated and analyzed in this paper.The tests show that the stability of the system is stable,the test accuracy are reached or exceeded the design requirements.It is important for the Shandong province unified modern surveying and mapping datum.


The aim of this study was to assess pulmonary function and its predictors in very low birth weight (birth weight ≤1,500 g) children (VLBWc) with or without bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), born at gestational age ≤32 weeks at a single tertiary center during 1996–1999, after the introduction of surfactant therapy.


Abstract Important data sets of crystallographic van der Waals radii covering major portions of the Periodic Table are reviewed, including those originally published in Pauling's pioneering work in the late 1930s, together with other more recent data sets. The van der Waals radii for rare gases are determined next from short contact distances in crystallographic data, as an illustration of the value of crystal structure databases for the direct determination of van der Waals radii for non-metallic elements. Then, van der Waals radii for the other non-metallic and metallic elements, as presented in the literature and having been determined using various approaches, are compared systematically. Finally, certain outstanding problems related to the derivation and application of van der Waals radii are discussed, and further investigations of crystallographic van der Waals radii are suggested.


This paper elaborates the significance of the platform development of analog electronic technology experiment. The problems of current experiment platforms have been discussed based on THM- 6 analog circuit experiment platform,which is one of the most commonly used teaching platforms. A detailed analysis of current situation and development trend has been reported based on actual market demand and sufficient investigation data. Innovative research has been carried out on this basis and a novel analog electronic technology experiment platform has been invented by our team. This new platform can meet all the experimental design criteria and future development needs,which is presented in this paper. Its practical effects and development prospects have also been discussed.


Eight Cleaner Production Demonstration Projects were established in 1993 through the Ministry for the Environment. Information from these projects and from other sources has been used to prepare draft guidelines to assist local authorities to implement cleaner production in their own areas. These guidelines are at present being tested by selected local authorities. The Ministry for the Environment has also prepared a booklet of examples of successes in implementing cleaner production. The examples include firms from a range of sectors and demonstrate various aspects of cleaner production such as waste reduction, energy efficiency, product reformulation, good housekeeping and workplace reform. Detailed case studies are being planned to assist local authorities and businesses in their cleaner production work. Some local authorities including Hamilton City, Rotorua District and Wellington City are already implementing Cleaner Production Programmes. The latter's Workplace Pride programme was the first under the umbrella of cleaner production.


Abstract:I criticize John Hyman's criticism of Richard Wollheim's account of depiction or pictorial representation. The underlying issue appears to be fundamental: do we go with Hyman's account of the essence of depiction as straightforwardly geometrical, or do we agree with Wollheim that depiction must be understood as proceeding through the human mind?


IN RESPONSE: Dr. Schiffman brings up an important issue that has been raised by many physicians who have taken a maintenance of certification examination. One of the major points that the American College of Physicians has repeatedly raised to the American Board of Internal Medicine is the need to ensure the relevance of the questions on the secure examination. The American Board of Internal Medicine has recently been trying to make the examination more relevant by developing (and making public) a detailed question blueprint that is based on feedback from practicing clinicians about the importance of specific topics and how frequently they are seen in practice (1). The new blueprints for the examinations in internal medicine and the subspecialties are a valuable step in the right direction. However, the ultimate judge of whether these blueprints adequately address the issue that Dr. Schiffman raises is feedback from diplomates who have taken the newer examinations that are based on these blueprints.


Tourism industry has rapidly grown in recently years. this is because it has a variety of grips on local economy. Regarding tourism industry, many researches have been done but still the criteria and scope of the industry is not clear partly because the tourism industry has failed to yield its conspicuous products and the account of its own and partly because tourism bears a much complicated form hard to simply explain with relations among industries. Accordingly, this study intended to understand the structure and features of the tourism industry. Foregoing studies have used input-output model, tourism satellite account, system network and cluster model to explain the tourism industry, which models explain tourism as a relation among industries, failing to consider that it's affected by various interior/exterior environments. In this regard, the current study found out its problems through foregoing studies and presented a direction for future study.


Ultra-wideband (UWB) signal analysis and synthesis requires a clear under standing of the changes which radar signals undergo during the processes of transmission, reflection and reception. In this respect, the relationship between UWB radar science and transient electrodynamics is more intimate than that between classical radar and electrodynamics. An important trend today is the development of mathematical target models capable of providing an adequate analysis of UWB signals reflected from a target of complex geometry. The progress in this field has been primarily due to the use of concepts and methods of the general dynamic systems theory and to the physical interpretation of the models in terms of solutions to inverse transient electrodynamic problems.


The present study aimed to show the application of Mutation Surveyor in analyzing nucleotide substitutions and InDel with an instance.The polymorphisms in ISG15 5′ flanking sequences were analyzed for 144 Hu sheep from Yuhang Hu sheep farm and slaughterhouse by polymerase chain reaction-single strand conformation polymorphism(PCR-SSCP) technique,DNA sequencing and Mutation Surveyor software.PCR-SSCP analysis showed ISG15 5′ flanking sequences bands were too complex to determine genotype directly.The analysis result of Mutation Surveyor found there were three polymorphisms,152 C/T,158 dupC and 239 C/T,in ISG15 5 ′flanking region.The frequency of allele C in loci 152 was 0.83 showing low polymorphism(PIC = 0.2424).The frequency of allele dupC in loci 158 was 0.5125 showing mediate polymorphism(PIC = 0.3748).The frequency of allele C in loci 239 was 0.7675 showing mediate polymorphism(PIC = 0.2932).Except 239 C/T,the gene frequencies and genotype frequencies of Hu sheep 152 C/T and 158 dupC tested have reached the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium(P0.05).Mutation Surveyor software has greater advantage in analysis of nucleotide substitutions,especially InDel sequencing data.So Mutation Surveyor software can be used for SNPs high-throughput screening and analysis.


This paper proposes an architecture for a pipelined 1 GHz floating point arithmetic unit incorporated with the concept of modified dynamic scheduling which enables the unit to accept an input instruction every clock cycle until there is an output clash, in which case the outputs are sent out based on the first in first out concept. The architecture proposed has three independent functional units, which can be issued with instructions either one at a time using a small control word or in parallel using a large control word based on the dependency of input operations. The entire design has been simulated using Cadence NcSim. Synthesis and advanced flows such as low power, design for testability and multi Vt flows have been carried out with Cadence RTL compiler to ensure low power and maximum frequency of operation


The purpose of this presentation is to discuss brand communities. Starting with the definition, the presentation will describe the meaning of the Internet for the emergence of brand communities. Information and communication flows in brand communities will also be discussed. A practical example will be provided in which the various roles of brand community members will be described. In addition, the popularity of brand communities among the top 100 leading brands in the world will be revealed. Before conclusions, the benefits of brand communities for consumers and companies will be discussed.


Part I: State Regulation of Religious Freedom 1. State Power to Restrict Religious Freedom: An Overview of the Legal Framework Tim Lindsey and Simon Butt 2. Freedom of Religion under the Constitution Simon Butt 3. Faith and Freedom in Indonesian Law Stewart Fenwick 4. State Regulation of Religious Affairs: The Search for Equality and Social Harmony Melissa Crouch Part II: The Politics of Religious Intolerance 5. Overview of the Politics of Religious Intolerance Greg Fealy 6. Ketuhanan Yang Maha Esa: The Politics of the State-Religion Relationship Ismatu Ropi 7. The Law on Religious Harmony in Public Debate Ahmad Suaedy 8. Can Non-Muslims Lead Muslims? The case of the Jakarta Elections Nadirsyah Hosen Part III: Civil Society, Pluralism and Intolerance 9. The Decreasing Space for Non-Religious Expression Ismail Hasani 10. MUI and Aqida-based Intolerance Syafiq Hasyim 11. Civil Society, Accountability and Legal Control of Government Action Melissa Crouch Part IV: Violence and State Responses 12. Islamist Civil Society and Violent Extremism in Indonesia: A Tactical Merger? Sidney Jones 13. Policing Vigilantism against Religious Minorities Samsu Rizal Panggabean 14. Pink or Blue Swing? Art, Pornography, Islamists and the Law Helen Pausacker Part V: Discrimination and Vulnerable Groups 15. Perda Sharia and Democratisation Arskal Salim 16. Implementing Perda Syariat in Aceh and West Sumatra Dina Afrianty 17. Women in the Islamic Courts Euis Nurlaelawati Conclusion 18. Religious Freedom, Minority Rights and the State of Democracy in Indonesia Adnan Buyung Nasution


The sixth generation (6G) mobile networks are expected to achieve powerful communication and sensing abilities, realizing high-level integration of sensing and communication (ISAC). The Terahertz (THz) band, ranging from 0.1 THz to 10 THz, is envisioned as a key technology to achieve simultaneous data rate up to Terabit-per-second (Tbps) and millimeter-level accurate sensing in 6G. However, experimental studies are missing to investigate performance of THz sensing technologies and effects of surrounding environments. In this paper, ranging and mapping experiments are carried out between 306 GHz and 321 GHz using a vector network analyzer (VNA)-based transceiver. Three indoor scenarios are explored, including a small square room, a L-shaped hallway, and a long corridor. The sensing performance as well as the influences of environments are analyzed in detail, including ranging errors, influence of environment geometry, and backscattering coefficients. Results have shown that the VNA-based transceiver achieves decimeter level ranging accuracy in up to 66% of the measured scenarios, while failure for accurate ranging and mapping happens in locations like corners of rooms. Moreover, the average backscattering coefficient in indoor environments exceeds 14 dB. The observations presented in this work are helpful to guide the THz sensing system designs.


I City of Words, a study of recent American fiction, Tony Tanner writes: I shall try to show that there is an abiding dream in American literature that an unpatterned, unconditioned life is possible, in which your movements and stillnesses, choices, and repudiations are all your own; and that there is also an abiding American dread that someone else is patterning your life, that there are all sorts of invisible plots afoot to rob you of your autonomy of thought and action, that conditioning is ubiquitous. '


For a new user of a PROV-O dataset to quickly understand what is in the dataset and what queries can be asked is a challenging task. To address this open issue we present a query generation approach by making use of data summary information about the dataset. We compare preliminary results of two dierent implementations and discuss open issues.


Type 1 diabetes is one of the most common chronic childhood illnesses affecting one in 550 children in the UK (Department of Health and Department for Education and Skills, 2005). The main goals of diabetes care include good metabolic control, minimisation of complications and maintaining a good quality of life (QOL). Failure to achieve these goals results not only in poor QOL for the person with diabetes, but is a huge strain on the health service, with the treatment of diabetes costing an estimated £5 million per day (Williams and Pickup, 2004). Much of this cost is attibutable to complications, which can be reduced with good professional care and self-management (Department of Health and Diabetes UK, 2005). The introduction of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) as a form of blood glucose monitoring has the potential to help people with diabetes achieve target HbA 1c levels while reducing the risk of severe hypoglycaemia. Although CGM has been in clinical use for approximately 12 years, the evidence surrounding its superiority over traditional blood glucose monitoring remains controversial. In this article, the author discusses the potential benefits of using CGM in children with type 1 diabetes.


A new spectrofluorimetric method for the determination of cysteine (Cys) and reducing glutathione (GSH) has been developed. N [p (2 benzoxazole) phenyl]maleimide,which was a reactive reagent with weak fluorescence, quantitative reacted with thiols, and the products had strong fluorescence.Based on the fluorescence of the product, the concentrations of Cys and GSH could be determined. The detection limits of Cys and GSH were 4.0×10 -10 mol·L -1 and 3.2×10 -10 mol·L -1 (SNR=3) respectively. This method was applied to the determination of Cys in protein hydrolysate and cystine electrolyte with recoveries of 98.4%~104.2%.


This paper introduces the discrete distribution of ascent probabilities , generalizing the concept of rotation number ω, already being defined in one-dimensional unimodal maps. The map domain is partitioned into subintervals , each one containing orbits with their route characterized by a specific number of n successive ascents before a descent occurs. Then, Pn is defined as the probability to have an orbit performing n successive ascents, and equals the portion of the invariant measure within In. The rotation number is found to be equal to ω = P0 = P1, that is the portion of invariant measure within I0 or I1. Some significant applications of this relation concern (i) the rotation number dependence on the nonlinear parameter p, (ii) the analytical derivation of the rotation number, given the invariant density explicit expression, (iii) an easy computation of the rotation number that characterizes a periodic window. Moreover, the dependence of the ascent probabilities on the nonlinear parameter p is examined. Emphasis is placed on the discrete distribution of the ascent probabilities within the chaotic zone. A particular set of nonlinear parameter values is affiliated to the concept of ascent probabilities: For each probability Pn, n = 0, 1, 2, …, there is a lower limit of the nonlinear parameter values, p(n+1), so that, Pn = 0 ∀ p ≤ p(n+1). The set is analytically determined, and its specific arrangement in the chaotic zone is studied. Finally, the "u-S-P equivalence" between the triplet of the set of the fixed point and its preimages, , of the invariant density S, and of the set of the ascents probabilities, , is formulated. In particular, we show that each component of this triplet can be estimated whenever the other two components are given. Applications in the case of Logistic map are thoroughly examined.


Oracle Spatial and Graph is a geographic information system (GIS) which provides users the ability to store spatial data alongside conventional data in Oracle. As a result of the coexistence of spatial and other data, we observe a trend towards users performing increasingly complex queries which involve spatial as well as non-spatial predicates. Accurate selectivity values, especially for queries with multiple predicates requiring joins among numerous tables, are essential for the database optimizer to determine a good execution plan. For queries involving spatial predicates, this requires that reasonably accurate statistics collection has been performed on the spatial data. For extensible data cartridges such as Oracle Spatial and Graph, the optimizer expects to receive accurate predicate selectivity and cost values from functions implemented within the data cartridge. Although statistics collection for spatial data has been researched in academia for a few years; to the best of our knowledge, this is the first work to present spatial statistics collection implementation details for a commercial GIS database. In this paper, we describe our experiences with implementation of statistics collection methods for complex geometry objects within Oracle Spatial and Graph. Firstly, we exemplify issues with previous partitioning-based algorithms in presence of complex geometry objects and suggest enhancements which resolve the issues. Secondly, we propose a main memory implementation which not only speeds up the disk-based partitioning algorithms but also utilizes existing R-tree indexes to provide surprisingly accurate selectivity estimates. Last but not the least, we provide extensive experimental results and an example study which displays the efficacy of our approach on Oracle query performance.


To introduce etiologic therapy in evidence-based medicine(EBM) practice for Guillain-Barr syndrome(GBS), mainly including plasma exchange, intravenous immunoglobulin and glucocorticoid. The author briefly states three important elements in EBM: collecting latest and optimal research evidences, well versed in clinical experience, special status in visiting patients. It was evident to explain therapeutic decisions in EMB for GBS and the difference of EBM and experiential medicine.EMB not at all removed scientific experiential accumulation. It was undertaken the philosophic thinking on the relationship between EBM and expert experience with applying glucocorticoid in GBS.


[Objective] The purpose was to study the extraction of tea pigment from low-grade green tea and confirm its optimum extraction technology.[Method] The tea pigment was extracted from tea leaves by organic solvent.With the yield of tea pigment as index,extraction time,ethanol concentration and pH value of solution were conducted for orthogonal experiment with 3 factors and 3 levels to optimize technical conditions.The light and heat stability of the tea pigment was analyzed through solubility and stability experiments.[Result] The optimum technical conditions were moving pH value of tea extracts to 6.5~7.0 and extracting with 95% ethanol for 10 min.Under the conditions the obtained yield of tea pigment was 6.89%.Tea pigment was water-soluble and alcohol-soluble matter,but their solubility was smaller in 1% acetic acid solution and bigger in 0.5% sodium hydroxide solution than that in pure water.The tea pigment could be used as brown yellow pigment under acidic conditions,as yellow brown pigment under neutral conditions and as brown red pigment under alkali conditions and its color was stable.The water solution of tea pigment was more stable to light and had very strong heat resistance.[Conclusion] Tea pigment was a kind of very good natural pigment.


In lieu of an abstract, below is the essay's first paragraph. "The air is saturated with the kind of cold that makes you wonder if global warming is just a myth. The bitter wind makes me wish for Satan's scorn to rise from Hades to blister my skin. It's winter in Chicago, and I'm wearing a hooded sweatshirt. If she could, my mother would return from the grave just to come back to tell me to put some warm clothes on. A hat maybe. Perhaps some gloves. The hood of my sweatshirt is thrown around by the wind, which is irritating my eyes. I can't tell if my contacts are drying out or if they are frozen. It's that cold." Cover Page Footnote Appeared in the issue: Volume 2, Issue 4, 2002. This prose is available in The Angle: http://fisherpub.sjfc.edu/angle/vol2002/iss4/9


Due to the service efficiency and the demand expansion in logistic network,we need to adjust weight of arcs(distribution time) to optimize the service of the network,in which the facilities are located.Two factors: operation cost and improvement cost are considered in this problem.In this paper,the cost trade-off model based on the network improvement is described.We present strongly polynomial time algorithms to solve this problem in a tree by transforming it to the minimum cost flow problem with auxiliary network.Finally,we compute an example and give trade-off analysis.


Vegetation fires are an important source of greenhouse gases emissions to the atmosphere, such as carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4) and nitrogen dioxide (N2O). In order to improve our knowledge on how these gases affect the atmosphere, it is of utmost importance to identify and reduce the uncertainties attached to emissions estimation. Each one of the variables used to calculate the emissions (burnt area, biomass, combustion factor and emission factor) have uncertainties associated with estimation of their values. The uncertainty analysis helps us to understand the variability of the model output. In Portugal, within the large annual variability, between 1990 and 2008, 2003 was the year with the highest amount of greenhouse gases emitted. CO2 was the gas with larger quantities emitted (roughly 5000Gg), however significant amounts of CH4 and N2O, which have higher greenhouse effect potential, were also released (311 and 258Gg CO2eq.). Results of the sensitivity analysis allowed for the identification of emission factor and the combustion factor of shrubs as the variables with higher impact on the variance of the model output. Therefore, it is very important to reduce the uncertainties attached to these variables in order to reduce the variability of the model output. Keyword: vegetation fires, greenhouse gases, uncertainty and sensitivity analysis.


The CSD (crystal size distribution) of diopside crystals in the calc-silicate hornfels of the Hwanggangni Formation intruded by the Cretaceous Daeyasan granite shows the patterns of continuous nucleation and growth. There is correlation between the distance from the intrusion contact and the slopes from the linear part of log(population density) vs. size diagrams. In the log(population density) vs. size diagrams of the samples systematically collected from the intrusion contact, two different groups are recognized; the slopes for the samples near the intrusion contact (horizontal distance from the contact less than 50m) are gentler (1500) than those for the samples away from the intrusion contact (2500, distance from the contact greater than 100 m). These differences may reflect the differences in growth rates and crystallization time, or the differences in diopside-forming reactions. All of the log(population density) vs. size diagrams show depletion of smaller crystals. The observed depletion may be due to Ostwald ripening or the changes in nucleation rates as the reactant phases diminishes. Similar grouping is also possible for the observed degree of depletion of smaller crystals; the depletion decreases with increasing distance from the intrusion contact, suggesting temperature-dependent rates of Ostwald ripening


In the current environment of economic crisis and the ensuing changes that the world of work has undergone, it is pertinent to study the experience of occupational stress in decision making during the selection process of people. We believe that this instability of the labor market may be reflected in the performance of Technical Human Resources in this process. In this way, we proposed ourselves to explore and describe the experience of occupational stress in decision making during the selection process of people in Human Resources Technicians. To accomplish this goal we opted for a embedded simple case study (Yin, 2009), which aims to answer the following research questions: a) Decisionmaking in the selection of people is stressful? b) What are the factors that promote stress perceived by the technicians of human resources in decision-making in the selection process of people? c) What is the influence of occupational stress on decision quality in the selection of people? d) What are the main consequences of stress? e) What are the main coping strategies used? The results indicate that the decision-making during the selection process of people, is seen by the Technicians of Human Resources as a stressful activity, being the quantity of applications, the quality of application/ suitability of the candidate function, the unrealistic expectations against the candidate, the need to satisfy customers and the time management the key factors of stress evidenced. Coping strategies are focused on emotions and the consequences perceived are mostly behavioral/performance. We believe that this issue should continue to be explored because we believe that a better understanding of the relationship between occupational stress and decision-making is central to business success and for the future, be drawn up intervention plans suitable to deal with stress in this professional group.


Background: cisplatin chemotherapy can cause acute kidney injury (AKI) in about 30% of patients that act as a major dose-limiting problem complicating chemotherapy by cisplatin that still commonly indicated as first line treatment of cancer management without relatively less toxic and equally effective substitutes. Cisplatin induced-DNA damage and oxidative- inflammatory hyper-reactivity with apoptosis are the bases for cisplatin-induced AKI. Erythropoietin has approved antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and to some extent antiapoptotic effects that may have ameliorative effect on early cisplatin-induced AKI. Kidney injury molecules-1 (KIM-1) and interleukin-18 (IL-18) were assumed to be more sensitive for detecting AKI than the traditional kidney function tests (serum creatinine and urea).
Objective: assess the effect of erythropoietin on early upregulation of kidney injury parameters after cisplatin treatment.
Methods: 27 adult male rats were randomized into three groups containing nine rats for each as follow: Sham group: rats received daily intraperitoneal injection of placebo for 4 days. Cisplatin group: rats received single intraperitoneal injection of 6 mg kg cisplatin. Cisplatin+Erythropoietin group: rats received single intraperitoneal injection of 6 mg kg cisplatin and daily intraperitoneal injection of 100 IU kg erythropoietin for 4 days. After scarification, blood samples are collected for serum creatinine measurement, kidneys are processed for measurement of renal MDA, KIM-1 and IL-18 and histopathlogical evaluation.
Results: cisplatin produced significant (P<0.05) change in serum creatinine level, kidney MDA, KIM-1, IL-18 and score of histopathological damage severity when compared to that of other groups. In Cisplatin + Erythropoietin group, Serum creatinine, and kidney MDA, KIM-1, IL-18 and total severity score were significantly (P<0.05) less than that in cisplatin group.
Conclusion: erythropoietin ameliorated early cisplatin–induced AKI evidenced by improving early injury parameters that give rise for early involvement of erythropoietin as early preventive measure for protection from nephrotoxicity.


A theory is developed and new methods suggested for calculating anharmonic corrections to the distribution density, averaged over vibrational slates, of internuclear distances in polyatomic molecules, its moments, and thecharacteristic function. The theory is based on new approaches to solving the Bloch equation for the thermally averaged density of vibrational states. Explicit equations for the moments of the density of vibrational states are obtained. These equations can conveniently be used to analyze electron diffraction structure data.


Based on the study of reactive power current detection for linear load in unbalanced system,a fast reactive current detection method is proposed to avoid the influence of low-pass filter on the detection speed and veracity of traditional FBD(Fryze-Buchholz-Dpenbrock method)-based current detection method.Relationships between the mean value of collective instantaneous power or line voltages collective RMS(Root Mean Square) value and sequence components of line voltages and load currents are deduced.The mean value of collective instantaneous power and line voltages collective RMS value are directly calculated with sequence components of line voltages and load currents,obtained from fast sequence components decomposition,thus low-pass filters in traditional methods omitted.It simplifies detection process and enhances detection speed and veracity,suitable for the linear load reactive current detection in unbalanced three-phase three-wire systems.Simulation results verify its validity and feasibility.


The task of quantifying the complexity of written language presents an interesting endeavor, particularly in the opportunity that it presents for aiding language learners. In this pursuit, the question of what exactly about natural language contributes to its complexity (or lack thereof) is an interesting point of investigation. We propose a hybrid approach, utilizing shallow models to capture linguistic features, while leveraging a fine-tuned embedding model to encode the semantics of input text. By harmonizing these two methods, we achieve competitive scores in the given metric, and we demonstrate improvements over either singular method. In addition, we uncover the effectiveness of Gaussian processes in the training of shallow models for text complexity analysis.


Through analysis on site measured data during active underpinning of pile foundation of the existing bridges in No.5 line of Shenzhen Metro,it is found that during underpinning of pile foundation,load series and pile deformation are in similar linear relation.Combined with site measured data during jacking-up,jacking process is simulated using finite element MIDAS software.Simulated data is basically similar to measured data.


A decision support system (DSS) is a concept that is widely used in decision-making. SPK is used as a tool to facilitate decision-makers on certain issues. SPK can work to extract information based on data that is used objectively. This study aims to adopt the SPK concept with the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method in determining the selection of new students in the doctoral program. The AHP method can select the criteria that have been determined in the selection of new students. The criteria used in the selection of new student admissions are Academic Potential Test Score (C1), Proposal Score (C2), Interview Score (C3), Group (C4), Functional Position (C5), Number of Scopus Indexed Articles (C6), Total Sinta Indexed Articles (C7) and Years of Work (C8). The research dataset uses a sample of 67 prospective new student data in the process of testing the performance of the AHP method in determining graduation. Based on testing the AHP method, it presents results in the form of ranking in determining the selection of new students. These results present a fairly effective output in determining student graduation. With the results of the performance of the AHP method, the contribution of this research is to provide efficiency in the selection process for determining prospective new students in the doctoral program.


FIELD: organic chemistry, medicine, pharmacy. SUBSTANCE: invention relates to novel derivatives of tetrahydrocarbazole of the general formula (I): wherein R 1 means hydrogen atom (H), (C 1 -C 6 )-alkyl and can be optionally substituted with groups aryl, heteroaryl or -COOR 11 wherein aryl or heteroaryl can be substituted with up to three substitutes that are chosen independently from group comprising -NO 2 , -CH 3 , -CF 3 , -OCH 3 , -OCF 3 and halogen atoms; R 11 means H, (C 1 -C 12 )-alkyl, (C 1 -C 12 )-aralkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, -COCH 3 and can be optionally substituted with one substitute chosen from group comprising -CONH 2 , -COCH 3 , -COOCH 3 , -SO 2 CH 3 and aryl; each R 2 , R 3 , R 4 and R 5 means independently H, halogen atom, -COOH, - CONH 2 , -CF 3 , -OCF 3 , -NO 2 , (C 1 -C 6 )-alkyl, (C 1 -C 6 )-alkoxy group, (C 1 -C 12 )-aralkyl, aryl, heteroaryl; R 6 means -CONR 8 R 9 , -COOR 8 , -CH 2 NR 8 R 9 , -CH 2 R 8 , -CH 2 OR 8 ; each R 8 and R 9 means independently H, (C 1 -C 12 )-alkyl, (C 1 -C 12 )-aralkyl, (C 1 -C 12 )-heteroaryl, aryl or heteroaryl wherein each of them can be with one or more substitutes chosen from group comprising -OH, -NH 2 , -CONHR 10 , -COOR 10 , -NH-C(=NH)-NH 2 and halogen atom and wherein R 10 means H, (C 1 -C 12 )-alkyl, (C 1 -C 12 )-aralkyl, aryl or heteroaryl and it is substituted optionally with group -CON(R 11 ) 2 , or wherein radicals R 8 and R 9 in common with nitrogen atom to which they are bound form heterocyclic structure; R 7 means H, (C 1 -C 12 )-alkyl, (C 1 -C 12 )-aralkyl, aryl or heteroaryl, -NR 12 R 13 , -NHCOR 14 , -NHCONHR 14 , -NHCOOR 14 , -NHSO 2 R 14 and can be substituted optionally with one or more substitutes chosen from group comprising -OH, -NH 2 , -CONH 2 , -COOH and halogen atom; each among R 12 and R 13 means independently H, (C 1 -C 12 )-alkyl and can be substituted optionally with one or more substitutes chosen from aryl, heteroaryl that in turn can comprise up to three substitutes chosen independently from -NO 2 , -CH 3 , -CF 3 , -OCH 3 , -OCF 3 and halogen atom; R 14 means H, (C 1 -C 12 )-alkyl, (C 1 -C 12 )-aralkyl, aryl or heteroaryl that can be substituted optionally with one or more substitutes chosen from group comprising -NO 2 , -CH 3 , -OR 11 , -CF 3 , -OCF 3 , -OH, -N(R 11 ) 2 , -OCOR 11 , -COOH, -CONH 2 , -NHCONHR 11 , -NHCOOR 11 and halogen atom; each radical among R a , R b , R c , R d , R e and R f means independently H, halogen atom, -COOH, -CONH 2 , -CF 3 , -OCF 3 , -NO 2 , (C 1 -C 6 )-alkyl, (C 1 -C 6 )-alkoxy group, aryl or heteroaryl wherein heteroaryl and heterocyclic group if it presents means pyridinyl, pyrrolidinyl, indolyl and under condition that compound of the general formula (I) is not chosen from group comprising 3-amino-1,2,3,4-tetrahydrocarbazole 3-carboxylic acid, 3-amino-6-methoxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydrocarbazole 3-carboxylic acid, 3-amino-6-benzyloxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydrocarbazole 3-carboxylic acid, 3-acetamido-1,2,3,4-tetrahydrocarbazole 3-carboxylic acid, 3-acetamido-1,2,3,4-tetrahydrocarbazole 3-carboxylic acid methyl ester, 3-acetamido-1,2,3,4-tetrahydrocarbazole 3-carboxylic acid (-)-menthyl ester, 3-tert.-butoxycarbonylamino-1,2,3,4-tetrahydrocarbazole 3-carboxylic acid, 9-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydrocarbazole 4-carboxylic acid, 6-methoxy-9-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydrocarbazole 4-carboxylic acid, 9-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydrocarbazole 4-carboxamide, 6-methoxy-9-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydrocarbazole 4-carboxamide. Compounds possess activity of antagonist of gonadotropin-releasing hormone that allows their using in pharmaceutical compositions. Also, invention describes methods for synthesis of these compounds. EFFECT: improved method of synthesis, valuable medicinal properties of compounds and pharmaceutical composition. 22 cl, 1 tbl, 32 ex


This presentation will be a discussion of trust from a "boots on the ground" point of view. Former combat soldiers, who are now conducting research on leadership and teams will discuss how trust and, possibly more importantly, lack of trust impact unit cohesion, capabilities, and ultimately performance. Furthermore, types of trust explored include trust in leadership, trust within a team, leader trust in team members, trust in equipment/technology, and trust in processes/system.


Abstract BACKGROUND: Proton beam therapy (PBT) compared to photon-based radiotherapy (XRT) offers the benefit to administer lower radiation doses to critical organs thereby possibly minimizing the risk of sequelae in patients with residual craniopharyngiomas (CP) after hypothalamus-sparing surgery. The validation in large CP patient cohorts is still pending. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Of 290 childhood-onset CP patients included 2007-2019 in the prospective multicenter trial KRANIOPHARYNGEOM 2007, 99 (34%) received external RT (65% PBT, 35% XRT). Outcome was compared between the different groups in terms of overall (OS) and event-free survival (EFS), quality of life (QoL using PEDQOL), functional capacity (FMH), and auxological data (BMI and height SDS) one, three and five years after irradiation/CP diagnosis. RESULTS: PBT became the predominant irradiation technique during the study period (used in 23% and 77% of all irradiated patients registered within the first and second half of the enrollment period, respectively). PBT as well as XRT were associated with high (p<0.001) EFS (PBT: 0.917 ± 0.040; XRT: 0.940 ± 0.041) compared to non-RT (EFS: 0.669 ± 0.044). OS was similar in all groups. No differences between PBT, XRT and non-RT CP patients concerning functional capacity and anthropometric parameters (height SDS, BMI SDS) have been obtained. Only in the PEDQOL domain "physical function", proxy-assessed QoL was lower one year after PBT when compared to XRT treated and non-irradiated CP patients. CONCLUSION: PBT is similar efficient in preventing relapses and recurrences in childhood-onset CP patients. During follow-up, no clinically relevant differences between PBT and XRT in terms of QoL, functional capacity and degree of obesity as a marker of hypothalamic syndrome were detectable. While PBT is increasingly applied, studies on larger CP cohorts with longer follow-up after RT are warranted to analyze, whether it can prevent sequelae such as hypothalamic syndrome and severe obesity compared to XRT.


This paper reports on data mining of Cretan folk songs for distinctive patterns. A pattern is distinctive if it occurs with higher probability in a corpus as compared to an anticorpus. A small set of Cretan folk songs was collected, organized using a small knowledge base of classes, and mined using distinctive pattern discovery methods. Several highly distinctive and confident patterns emerge.


[Objective] The theoretical reference for the cassava breeding in high-latitude area in Guangxi was provided through the investigation and analysis.[Method] The inflorescence,the number of branch and fruit of 80 cassava varieties in Wuming county of Guangxi province were surveyed.[Results] The results showed that 73.75% of 80 cassava varieties could be normal flowering;95.00%,naturally branching and 47.50%,normal fruitfulness.The SAS software analysis indicated that there was the relation between the number of inflorescence and the number of branch.[Conclusion] The measure of cassava-induced multi-branch,multi-flowering and embryo rescuing were adopted for the promotion of the technical bottleneck-solving in its breeding programme and for new cassava variety with the high yield and the resistance to cold in Guangxi region.


1. Bertina RM, Koeleman BPC, Koster T, Rosendaal FT, Dirven RJ, de Ronde H, van der Velden PP, Reitsma PH. Mutation in blood coagulation factor V associated with resistance to activated protein C. Nature 1994; 369: 64-7. 2. Voorberg J, Roelse J, Koopman R, Btiller H, Berends F, ten Cate JW, Mer tens K, van Mourik JA. Association of idiopathic venous thromboembolism with single point-mutation at Arg506 of factor V. Lancet 1994; 343:1535-6. 3. Zoller B, Dahlbäck B. Linkage between inherited resistance to activated pro tein C and factor V gene mutation in venous thrombosis. Lancet 1994; 343: 1536-8. 4. Koster T, Rosendaal FT, de Ronde H, Briët E, Vandenbroucke JP, Bertina RM. Venous thrombosis due to poor anticoagulant response to activated protein C: Leiden thrombophilia study. Lancet 1993; 342:1503-6. 5. Svensson PJ, Dahlbäck B. Resistance to activated protein C as a basis for venous thrombosis. N Engl J Med 1994; 330: 517-22. 6. Haliassos A, Chomel JC, Tesson L, Baudis M, Kruh J, Kaplan JC, Kitzis A. Modification of enzymatically amplified DNA for the detection of point mutation. Nucl Acids Res 1989; 17: 3606. 7. Jenny RJ, Pittman DD, Toole JJ, Kriz RW, Aldape RA, Hewick RM, Kauf man RJ, Mann KG. Complete cDNA and derived amino acid sequence of human factor V. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1987; 84:4846-50. 8. Wenham PR, Newton CR, Houlston RS, Price WH. Rapid diagnosis of familial defective apolipoprotein B-100 by amplification refractory mutation system. Clin Chem 1991; 37:1983-7. 9. Miller SA, Dykes DD, Polesky, HF. A simple salting out procedure for extracting DNA from human nucleated cells. Nucl Acids Res 1988; 16: 1215.


We prove equality between the Topological Stable Rank and the Bass Stable Rank for finitely generated projective left modules over a unital C*-algebra. In order to do so, the concept of Stable Rank of a Hilbert module is introduced.


In the case of mechanical treatment of mine water in settling tanks according to the existing technology the concentration of suspended solids during the discharge of clarified effluents into water bodies does not correspond to the maximum permissible content of mechanical impurities set for surface water bodies. The technology of mine water cleaning has been improved due to the introduction of a horizontal settling tank of modernized construction and installation of purification of fast open granular filters with downward liquid flow at the final stage. The expected technological parameters of the proposed horizontal settling tank for the conditions of water disposal of the operating coal mining enterprise are determined. The dependences between the depth of sedimentation of particles of the suspension of a certain hydraulic size in the proposed horizontal settling tank, its length and clarifying efficiency of mine water pre-treated with a solution of aluminium sulphate are obtained. It is established that the overall efficiency of clarifying of mine waters pumped to the surface by a coal mining enterprise, after treatment by the proposed technology will be 94-95% of the initial concentration of suspended solids, which does not exceed the relevant quality of surface water.


Background: Thyroidectomy is a challenging treatment for refractory amiodarone induced thyrotoxicosis (AIT). Objectives: The authors' aim in this article is to conduct a systematic review of the currently available literature regarding thyroidectomy for the treatment of refractory AIT. Methods: The authors' systematic review yielded 14 studies encompassing 39 patients. Results: All patients in this study developed thyrotoxicosis on amiodarone especially those with cardiac fragility and benefit from thyroidectomy to control all the symptoms of the hyperthyroid state without surgical risk or consequence on the cardiac status. Conclusion: Thyroidectomy remains the definitive management of refractory AIT and should be instituted sooner rather than later in a patient suffering from this condition. Received: June 18, 2018; Accepted: July 02,2018; Published: July 11,2018 *Corresponding author: Carine Ghassan Richa, Department of Endocrinology, Rafic El Hariri University Hospital, Beirut, Lebanon, Tel: +961 70144157;Email: firstname.lastname@example.com


The article considers the problem of research how the employers evaluate the competences stated in the educational standards, because first of all they will use the future graduates for this or that post later on.


It has been demonstrated that the osteoconductivity, hydrophilicity and biological capacity of titanium decreased over time, and this phenomenon was described as the biological aging of titanium. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether the age of sand blasted and acid-etched (SLA) titanium dental implants (duration from the production date until the date of dental implant surgery) affects marginal bone resorption and implant survival. This non-random conveniently sampled retrospective pilot study was carried out in 200 implants of 64 patients. Radiographic measurements were performed on intraoral periapical radiographs. Implants were divided into two age groups; Group 1: 0-3 months, Group 2: 36-41 months. p value < .05 was considered statistically singnificant. It was observed that ages of 41% (n= 82) of the implants were between 0-3 months and 59% (n= 118) were between 36 and 41 months. It was observed that 100% (n= 200) of the implants survived and maintained their function. The mean mesial marginal resorption measurements were 0.60 ± 0.65 mm and the mean distal marginal resorption was 0.77 ± 1.07 mm. There was no statistically significant difference between the amounts of mesial and distal marginal bone resorption according to the implant age (p>0.05). In SLA surface titanium implants with adequate initial primary stability and 3-months osseointegration period before loading, biological aging of titanium does not affect implant survival and marginal bone resorption.


The emergence of self-driving technologies implies that a future vehicle will likely become an entertainment center that demands personalized multimedia contents with very high quality. The surge of vehicular content demand brings significant challenges for the fifth generation (5G) cellular communication network. To cope with the challenge of massive content delivery, previous studies suggested that the 5G mobile edge network should be designed to integrate communication, computing, and cache (3C) resources to enable advanced functionalities such as proactive content delivery and in-network caching. However, the fundamental benefits achievable by computing and caching in mobile communications networks are not yet properly understood. This paper proposes a novel theoretical framework to characterize the tradeoff among computing, cache, and communication resources required by the mobile edge network to fulfill the task of content delivery. Analytical and numerical results are obtained to characterize the 3C resource tradeoff curve. These results reveal key insights into the fundamental benefits of computing and caching in vehicular mobile content delivery networks.


51 Published By: Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering and Sciences Publication © Copyright: All rights reserved. Retrieval Number: 100.1/ijitee.G89280510721 DOI: 10.35940/ijitee.G8928.0510721 Abstract: India is facing a severe second wave of COVID-19 which is much worse than the first wave. It is spreading much faster. India has now surpassed U.S. in terms of daily COVID-19 cases. This paper aims to analyze the trend of COVID 19 and examine why second wave happened and why it is so bad by simulating a simple SEIR model. Which is a compartmental model based on 4 compartments Susceptible, Exposed, Infectious, Recovered.


This paper demonstrates theoretically that a profit tax does not affect the distribution of the firm's operations between the official and the underground economy. Or, if the firm was initially operating only officially, direct taxation of its business would not be a reason to go underground. Indirect taxation in the form of a sales tax does influence an already existing mix of official and underground activities, favoring the latter. And, it does constitute a reason to "go underground" for an otherwise fully official business. This is a thesis robust to market structure changes and to introducing tax evasion in the usual sense, provided the underground demand is inelastic. The tax authority can still collect the planned tax revenue through a combination of a cash-flow tax with indirect taxation, under only consumer-surplus loss by the underground customer.


. The purpose of this application is to propose a neotype for Monograptus riccartonensis Lapworth, 1876, a graptolite upon which Tullberg (1882) based the M. riccartonensis Zone of Wenlock (Silurian) age. Pribyl (1948) designated as lectotype one of Lapworth's type specimens which belongs to another species and is from strata significantly older than the M. riccartonensis Zone.


Non‐invasive management of intestinal microvascular injury with hemorrhage under constant biochemical‐mechanical encroachment of luminal contents is a major clinical challenge. Herein, an oral hydrogel microsphere is designed, encapsulating the platelet membrane fragment self‐assembled nanohydrogel fabricated by double‐crosslinking of methacrylated hyaluronic acid and Rebamipide‐loaded dendrimer (Rng@PMS), for self‐localization of hemorrhagic focus and intensive management of intestinal microvascular injury via suppression of inflammation‐mediated tissue injury and reintegration of the damaged mucosal barrier. The results indicate that Rng@PMS effectively adheres to exposed collagen on injured microvasculature and attaches to over 90% of activated macrophages within 10 min, endowing Rng@PMS with a significantly prolonged enteral dwell time (over 24 hours). Importantly, Rng@PMS generated from alginate is designed for oral colon‐targeted delivery to avoid the erosion of gastrointestinal contaminants. In vivo study reveals oral administration of microspheres in murine hematochezia model upregulates the intestinal barrier proteins zonula occludens‐1, Occludin, and muc2, and inhibits infiltration of neutrophils, dendritic cells, and macrophages in hemorrhagic foci, thereby reducing the hematochezia score from 4 to 0.8, and the pathology score from 5.3 to 0.5. Oral microspheres for in situ management of intestinal microvascular injury may be applicable more broadly to noninvasively treat diseases with symptoms of mucosal hemorrhage.


[Background]Bronchial artery embolization (BAE) is an indispensable therapeutic strategy for hemoptysis treatment in respiratory diseases, and is a modality that should be considered along with treatments for underlying diseases. [Method]We report 736 cases of BAE by metallic coil performed between January 2007 and December 2018. [Results]The underlying diseases of BAE cases were as follows: pulmonary nontuberculous mycobacterial disease (NTM) 27%, bronchiectasis 23%, pulmonary aspergillosis (ASP) 17%, idiopathic hemoptysis 13%, and old pulmonary tuberculosis 10%. ASP, which accounted for about half in 2007, tended to give up its first place to NTM as NTM cases increase over time. In addition, bronchiectasis was almost unchanged at 20% of the breakdown. Hemoptysis control rate were as follows: 70% with ASP and NTM, 80% with bronchiectasis and old pulmonary tuberculosis, and 92% with idiopathic hemoptysis during the mean observation period of 21.8 months. [Conclusion]BAE may be regarded as a standard treatment for hemoptysis control. Since chronic pulmonary infections accounted for 80% of hemoptysis, infection control of the underlying diseases was particularly important to treat hemoptysis especially in NTM and ASP. On the other hand, BAE has become the most optimal therapeutic strategy for idiopathic hemoptysis.<!--EndFragment-->


This paper deals with the combination of non-independent sources in the framework of belief function theory. A new combination rule is proposed that varies from the conjunctive rule to the cautious one in an adaptive way (depending on a parameter) by discounting the belief function associated to the correlation between two sources. Simulations allow the study of different cases.The effect of the parameter tuning the discounting is analyzed in terms of correlated sources weight in final decision taking. We show that it is as more important to consider source correlation as the overlapping between the class sample clouds is important, and thus the separation is difficult. Finally, we check that compared to Bayesian approaches, the evidential approach presents higher performance once model knowledge is partial and/or incomplete.


The fundamental question studied in this thesis is how to evaluate and analyse supervised learning algorithms and classifiers. As a first step, we analyse current evaluation methods. Each method is ...


Received: 18 July, 2014 Accepted: 24 August, 2014 Published: 20 September, 2014 The influences of four levels of GA3 on gladiolus were studied during summer season at the Horticulture farm of Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, Bangladesh from May to August 2011. Gibberellic acid and corm size regulated the plant growth and development of spike, corms and cormels. The treatment GA3 @ 150 ppm and corm size 120-125 g was more potential to enhance 80% sprouting of corm and initiation of 80% flowering earlier about 3.74 and 5.87 days, respectively and it also increased number of floret iflorescence and diameter of corm compared to control. In conjugation with GA3 @ 150 ppm and corm size 120-125 g increased the yield of spikes, corms and cormels about 33%, 18% and 14%, respectively compared to control. © 2014 PSCI Publisher All rights reserved.