We consider pricing options in a jump-diffusion model which requires solving a partial integro-differential equation. Discretizing the spatial direction with a fourth order compact scheme leads to a linear system of ordinary differ- ential equations. For the temporal direction, we utilize the favorable boundary value methods owing to their advantageous stability properties. In addition, the resulting large sparse system can be solved rapidly by the GMRES method with a circulant Strang-type preconditioner. Numerical results demonstrate the high order accuracy of our scheme and the efficiency of the preconditioned GMRES method.


Abstract This study examined experience with multicultural contact and the intercultural sensitivity of majority adolescents in South Korean society, one that is rapidly shifting toward a more multicultural environment. It also analyzed the influence of these multicultural experiences on intercultural sensitivity. The results of the analysis revealed a statistical difference in intercultural sensitivity depending on the status of multicultural contact experience, with such experience holding significant influence on all aspects of intercultural sensitivity. In particular, the number of acquaintances from multicultural families and indirect contact through mass media had a positive influence on all areas of intercultural sensitivity. This result highlights the importance of undergoing various types of contact experiences in daily life, including indirect contact.


Background: Bleak seeds with scientific name, Nigella Sativa, beloge to ranunculaceae family and had been used for prediction and treatment of lot of diseases including menstrual disorders and sexual dysfunction is consumed. Materials and Methods: In this research, 35 adult female Wister rats weighing approximately 250±50gr were diveded in 5 groups with 7 members as follow: Control group (without tretment), sham (take alchol by interaperitoneal injection ) and 3 experimental groups were injected interaperitoneal respectively (100, 200 and 400) mg/kg/b.wt hydroalcoholic extract of Black Seed that was prepared by Maceration method. After treatment period (21 days), blood samples were taken from all groups. Its serum were separated for biochemical study by Elisa method. Using statistical software, SPSS 18, data were analyzed by One Way ANOVA and Duncan test at the significant level of 0.01 and 0.05. Results: Finding showed significant reduction in the serumic level of LH, FSH and estrogen in all treatment groups. Progesterone level increased significantly in minimum dose and decreased in maximum dose (P<0.05). Conclusion: Hydro-alcoholic extract of black beans can cause changes in sex hormones in female rats. So should be used with caution in female.


This paper analyses some questions during designing a System on a Chip,(SoC) system,on basis of solving these problems,putting forward a co-verification method.Now,the technology is one of the focuses to which engineers developing SoC are pay attention and it is important for designing in the future.At the same time it is necessary to develop a co-verification platform based on this method.In terms of it,on discussing Virtual-CPU implement of verification method at Summit Company.The paper summarizes and points out shining application future about this platform.


: If a locally finite rational representation V of a connected reductive algebraic group G has uniformly bounded multiplicities, the multiplicities may have good properties such as stability. Let X be a quasi-affine spherical G -variety, and M be a ð C ½ X (cid:2) ; G Þ -module. In this paper, we show that the decomposition of M as a G -representation can be controlled by the decomposition of the fiber M= m ð x 0 Þ M with respect to some reductive subgroup L (cid:3) G for sufficiently large parameters. As an application, we apply this result to branching laws for simple real Lie groups of Hermitian type. We show that the sufficient condition on multiplicity-freeness given by the theory of visible actions is also a necessary condition for holomorphic discrete series representations and symmetric pairs of holomorphic type. We also show that two branching laws of a holomorphic discrete series representation with respect to two symmetric pairs of holomorphic type coincide for sufficiently large parameters if two subgroups are in the same (cid:2) -family.


We report the three-dimensional packing of C 6 0 clusters stabilized by the addition of Si. X-ray absorption spectroscopy reveals that Si atoms are in an unusual environment: between two C 6 0 . with ten or more carbon neighbors. According to ab initio calculations, the cohesive energy is about 2 eV per Si atom, much higher than the Van der Waals binding energy between two C 6 0 . Experiment and calculations both indicate a charge transfer from Si to C 6 0 . Eventually, the film may have a local decahedral symmetry.


ABSTRACT
Oral submucous fibrosis (Osmf) is a chronic inflammatory condition of buccal mucosa with fibrosis,& restricted mouth opening(trismus) characterized by discoloration of buccal mucosa, intolerance to spicy foods& recurrent episodes of stomatitis.it is common in young population having the chewing habits of gutkha, pan masala, tobacco etc. It makes patients life miserable.  As it is a precancerous condition it seeks attention towards this disease. Medical treatments with minor surgical options are available with unsatisfactory results. This study was aimed at finding the safe, effective & cheap alternative remedy of osmf. This study conducted on 60 diagnosed cases of osmf fulfilling eligibility criteria randomly divided in two groups trial group 30 treated with yashtimadhu siddha til tail& control group 30 treated with til tail+saindhav kavalgriha4 for one month with weekly follow-ups .Results in both the groups were encouraging with minimal differences, mouth opening capacity & increased tolerance to spicy foods were the more appreciable results found in trial group. To get more results intervention can be extended for more periods. Before & after mouth opening capacity inter Dental distance between central maxillary & mandibular incisor teeth's  by venire caliper, along with color of buccal mucosa, pliability of mucosa, cheek retraction& tolerance to spices were assessed for the outcome of treatments in both the Groups.
Keywords- OSMF, Fibrosis, Kawal Griha, Siddha tail
ABSTRACT
Oral submucous fibrosis (Osmf) is a chronic inflammatory condition of buccal mucosa with fibrosis,& restricted mouth opening(trismus) characterized by discoloration of buccal mucosa, intolerance to spicy foods& recurrent episodes of stomatitis.it is common in young population having the chewing habits of gutkha, pan masala, tobacco etc. It makes patients life miserable.  As it is a precancerous condition it seeks attention towards this disease. Medical treatments with minor surgical options are available with unsatisfactory results. This study was aimed at finding the safe, effective & cheap alternative remedy of osmf. This study conducted on 60 diagnosed cases of osmf fulfilling eligibility criteria randomly divided in two groups trial group 30 treated with yashtimadhu siddha til tail& control group 30 treated with til tail+saindhav kavalgriha4 for one month with weekly follow-ups .Results in both the groups were encouraging with minimal differences, mouth opening capacity & increased tolerance to spicy foods were the more appreciable results found in trial group. To get more results intervention can be extended for more periods. Before & after mouth opening capacity inter Dental distance between central maxillary & mandibular incisor teeth's  by venire caliper, along with color of buccal mucosa, pliability of mucosa, cheek retraction& tolerance to spices were assessed for the outcome of treatments in both the Groups.


Visible Light Communication (VLC) enables high speed internet access especially in indoor environments and works on the principle of modulation of the intensity of existing solid state lighting infrastructure that is often provided by Light-Emitting Diodes (LEDs). In order to analyze the performance, this study examined the effect of using the LT8391 LED driver as a VLC transmitter. By modifying the circuit of the LT8391 LED driver, Vin can be pressed to 5.5 V, while Vout can be enlarged to reach 32.8 V. In addition, the modulation method used is Pulse Width Modulation (PWM). Blinking effect can be minimized by adjusting the duty cycle of the PWM. Finally, data transmission is realized with no blinking effect, so it will not disturb the room's lighting system.


In this paper, a Switched Reluctance Motor (SRM) drive system is proposed to make a trade-off between torque profile and vibration amplitude. In the proposed drive system, the power factor correction and fast demagnetization are achieved using a single-phase Vienna rectifier as a front-end converter for SRMs with a nominal voltage equal to half DC-link voltage. The three-level Vienna rectifier provides doubled negative voltage in demagnetization, resulting in a shorter current tail and faster demagnetization. But, applying higher voltage in demagnetization has a negative impact on the vibration amplitude at the point of demagnetization. Therefore, a control algorithm is designed to apply a negative modulated voltage to the motor phase, with a minimum change rate at the beginning of demagnetization and a linear average during the demagnetization interval. Accordingly, the mitigation of the vibration occurring at the commutation point and prevention of negative torque are simultaneously achieved over a wide speed range. The simulation and experimental results demonstrate the proposed drive system's positive effect on the vibration amplitude, grid side current quality, and SRM performance in a wide range of speed variations.


Lunatic asylums appear in other novels of Wilkie Collins, notably The Woman in White and Jezebel's Daughter , but their medical attendants are not significant for the stories. The villainous Dr Le Doux of Armadale makes up for this. He is represented as not only foreign (suspicious in itself) but


The effects of radiation and suction or injection with variable viscosity on mixed convection heat and mass transfer of a Newtonian, viscous and incompressible fluid over a permeable surfaces embedded in porous medium was analyzed using similarity transformation. The governing boundary layer equations are written into a dimensionless form by using Falkner-Skan transformation. The resulting ordinary differential equations are of two-point boundary value problem which are solved by Runge-Kutta-Gill in conjunction with shooting method for finding skin friction, rate of heat and mass transfer. The effects of variable viscosity, suction or injection in the presence of thermal radiation on the dimensionless velocity, temperature and concentration profiles are shown graphically. Comparisons with previously published works are performed and excellent agreement between the results is obtained. The conclusion is drawn that the flow filed and temperature profiles are significantly influenced by these parameters.


The extensive expansion of large photovoltaic (PV) farms in power systems diminishes both system inertia and synchronizing coupling. Due to the occurrence of several faults, the power system transient stability may be damaged. However the transient stability is improved by the fast power controlling ability of the PV inverter. This paper focuses on the new application of large PV farms equipped with PID and Fuzzy Gain Scheduling of Proportional–Integral–Derivative (FGS-PID) controller to achieve transient stability of a multimachine power system. The FGS-PID and PID controllers are basically employed to control the PV inverter, such that the PV power output can be modulated to stabilize the transient power swing when the faults take place. The FGS-PID with PID controllers is compared and among those the most efficient controller to achieve transient stability is analyzed.


Abstract Background Increased utilization of hepatitis C virus (HCV)-infected organs could reduce the supply–demand mismatch in organ transplantation. It is important to determine precise outcomes of HCV-positive organs transplanted into HCV-positive recipients (HCV D+\R+) to quantify risk for patients and other stakeholders. Small studies have identified shorter wait times in HCV D+\R+ compared with HCV-negative donor and HCV-positive recipients (HCV D−\R+), but there is little information about survival and rejection in the era of effective direct-acting antivirals (DAA). Methods We performed a retrospective cohort study of all cases of renal transplantation involving HCV-positive recipients at an academic medical center from 2008 to 2019. We extracted data using the institutional electronic transplant database. Demographics, incidence of organ rejection, renal function and patient mortality data were compared between HCV D+\R+ and HCV D−\R+. Results Among 3,781 patients who received a kidney transplant between 2008–19, 139 were HCV D-\R+ and 51 were HCV D+\R+. Both groups had similar waiting list time (1,196 ± 889 days vs. 1,301 ± 1240 days, P > 0.20), donor mean age (37 ± 11 y vs. 39 ± 13 years, P > 0.20) and sex (female: 37% vs. 42%, P > 0.20). Follow-up time was similar between both groups (5.2 ± 4 years vs. 5.3 ± 3 years, P > 0.20). The incidence of mortality (16% vs. 17%, P > 0.20) [Figure 1] and rejection (18% vs. 19%, P > 0.20) [Figure 2] was similar between two groups. Using a Cox Hazards model, we found no association between HCV D+/R+ and increasing risk of rejection (HR 0.92, 95% CI 0.43–1.95, P > 0.20) or mortality (HR 0.93, 95% CI 0.42–2.1, P > 0.20). In a multivariate analysis, age was the only independent risk factor for HCV D+/R+ mortality (HR = 1.09, 95% CI 1.03–1.14, P < 0.001). Conclusion Patients who are HCV-positive did not have worse mortality or graft rejection if they received HCV-positive kidneys compared with HCV-negative kidneys. Providers can use these data to give specific risk information to HCV-positive patients about accepting an HCV-positive kidney for transplant, even perhaps encouraging it. Increasing the utilization of HCV-positive kidneys for transplantation in the era of effective DAA has the potential to offer life-saving treatment to substantially more patients. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.


This study was conducted as part of a classroom action research project with the goal of enhancing students' writing skills using Storyboard. The participants were the SAMS College General Purpose, Diploma Nautical Science, B.Sc. Nautical Science, TME, B.E., students. Documents, surveys, and observations were the instruments utilized to gather the data. Observation is utilized to determine what is actually occurring in the classroom and the environment at the time the class activity is occurring. Students' written texts are collected via documents, and a questionnaire is used to learn how they feel Storyboard has helped them write better. After analyzing the data, it was discovered that both the pupils' writing ability and level of activity had improved. This study concerns an action research project. According to the results, employing a suitable technique for teaching speaking created a favorable environment that will encourage students to participate more actively, creatively, innovatively, and communicatively in class.


The Mobile Internet is an integrated product of the traditional internet and mobile communications,and represents one of the most rapidly growing IT fields for the current and a long period of time. However,data show that the global mobile internet is still in its infancy, there exist many problems to be solved and clarified. This paper first outlines the basic concept of the mobile internet, including its definition, features, and architecture. Then, based on the current architecture, we discussed in detail the research status, problems, and solutions of its various components, including mobile terminals, access network, applications and services, as well as security and privacy. Finally, future research and development trends of cloud computing were discussed.


The COVID-19 outbreak has wreaked havoc on civilization and sparked fear across the globe. COVID-19's apparent deceptiveness may be to blame for the uproar: Transmission and death are around average when compared to previous fatal virus epidemics. This led to a major underestimation of the severity of the SARS-CoV-2 virus at the start of the COVID-19 epidemic. As a result, this research study refers to viruses that share characteristics with SARS-CoV-2 as Panic Zone viruses in this study. To stop the spread of these viruses, early identification, proper isolation, and treatment of affected individuals are critical in containing outbreaks. As the current COVID-19 epidemic demonstrates, this is particularly important when it comes to diseases that are spread via contact or exposure.


Of all the bruising confrontations between the capitalist and communist power blocks perhaps none was so staggering as the Cuban missile crisis. Most Americans patriotically rallied around our determined young president in this great moment of crisis, but there were other Americans who spoke with a different voice then who presumed to disagree with the dominant opinion. These were the voices from the left, now the old left. Their rhetorical response is my subject. By concentrating on several specimens written from a leftist perspective in response to a single event, I create a framework for analyzing the discourse of an ideology to demonstrate the influence of that ideology on style and argument, together with the usefulnesses of an analytic method. Antecedent to this analysis are particular considerations about style, argument and method which lead to other considerations peculiar to the relation of political discourse to the world. Because the event focused opinion strongly, and time gives perspective, I have chosen written and oral reactions to the Cuban missile crisis. In addition to selections of written style from three leftist newspapers, the National Guardian, The Weekly People, and The Catholic Worker, I have included speech samples on the same topic from Dean Rusk, then Secretary of State, as a contrast to the rhetoric of the left. To analyze this discourse I use Walker Gibson's "style machine" as he calls it developed to account for "distinctions...in the voices addressing us" (115), distinctions which he breaks down into "tough, sweet and stuffy talkers." Gibson's "machine," consisting of sixteen "grammatical-rhetorical qualities," is appended (A). Other available descriptions or classifications of style or argument are Huntington Brown's deliberative, expository and prophetic, Edwin Black's exhortation and argument, and Aristotle's topics. Brown and Black analyze thought methodology with some consideration of style. The neo-Aristotelians, on the other hand, consider style and thought combined into argumentative methods. I follow the classical common topics in considering rhetorical argument (Rhetoric chs. 22, 23, 24; Corbett 94-132). My particular assumptions are that belief influences style, that while prose styles can be typed individual differences remain, that style includes varieties of diction, syntax, and argument Further, I seek an attitude towards language, an attitude, however, influenced not by cultural or individual psychology, but by political belief. Because political writers argue, their arguments "common" to all rhetoric can also be typed. Argument creates patterns which style shapes. For Gibson style is a matter of "sheer individual will, a desire for a particular kind of self-definition no matter what the circumstances" (24). Political belief can condition will. For both Marie H. Nichols (75), and Edwin Black ("Persona") style reveals distinctive political personalities. In selecting a usable analytical methodology I had either to invent my own, or use an existing one. I chose Gibson's because we share similar concerns. I want to know what kind of voice speaks. What does the use of that voice imply? How do I determine trust? I also want to know the attitude of that voice towards subject and audience. If Gibson can help to answer these questions, then I accept his work saving the necessity of inventing yet another method, concentrating instead on the results produced. In general, stylistics seems more of a discourse on method than on results. Although we want to know what ails us, naming is not enough. To know that Dorothy Day talks "tough" does not suffice. We know there are other names than "tough, sweet or stuffy." The point is not just to label, but to penetrate into the thought behind the voice aided by a given point of view. Gibson describes his work as "primitive." Primitive, yet legitimate because applied he yields insight His method reveals attitude just as psychiatric categories, which might also be called primitive, reveal motive. If the arguments which pattern style are traditional and discernible, their correlations with style are not as clear. The advertiser, for example, speaks sweetly with recognizably dubious argument. Those political voices purring and storming at us must also be judged by how they argue so their trustworthiness can be determined. We can uncover falsehood by showing how a statement varies from reality--plain lying. We can discover understanding of mental illness by probing the discordance the aberrant mind creates


The utility model discloses a cement soil foundation wall building machine, which comprises an automatically moving chassis, a slurry transmission device, a stand frame assembly arranged on the automatically moving chassis, a drill rod lifting and transmission device and a hydraulic and electric control unit, wherein, the stand frame assembly is connected with a drill bit assembly of multi-head drill rods and a spraying head assembly of slurry spraying rods, and the upper end of each of the drill rods is connected with a corresponding power driving device arranged on a power head beam; the slurry transmission device is connected with the slurry spraying rods. The utility model has the advantages that the soil cut, the drilling operation and the stirring operation of the foundation wall building machine can be simultaneously and synchronously realized through the multi-head drill heads. Thus, the one-step wall forming operation can be realized, and the work efficiency can be enhanced; the quality of cement soil walls can be assured, and the mechanical failure rate is low.


In order to improve the location accuracy of DV-Hop algorithm, an improved algorithm based on iterative computation and two communication ranges was proposed. This algorithm first selects a suitable communication radius for the current network topology and then uses it to estimate the average per hop distance of beacon nodes with the default communication radius of the node. Finally, an iterative algorithm was used to revise the average per hop distance obtained in the previous step so as to select the minimum average per hop distance to calculate the distance between the unknown nodes and beacon nodes. The simulation result indicates that the improved algorithm can greatly improve the location accuracy without obviously increasing algorithm complexity and communication traffic.


Transient ischemic attack(TIA) is one of the most common ischemic cerebrovascular diseases, but there are still disputes in its diagnosis and treatment. Is magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)/diffusion weighted imaging(DWI) examination necessary in the diagnosis of TIA; whether patients with TIA should be hospitalized; Dual or mono antiplatelet therapy which is better after TIA; what is the best time of anticoagulant treatment after cardiogenic TIA; secondary prevention of TIA is essential, how to offer a proper secondary prevention and avoid misdiagnosis and mistreatment; some special type of TIA is relatively rare, how to diagnose quickly, these issues deserve clinicians' attention. This paper summarizes the related clinical research, combined with domestic and international guidelines, and also reviews the latest progress on these issues with the aim of helping the clinicians to understand the diagnosis and treatment of TIA more scientifically.


We examine some of the positions put forth in various arguments related to the proper number of factors and proper number of steps when using structural equation models. Although we agree with Hayduk and Glaser (2000) on a number of points, we do disagree on the nature of determining the number of factors in a model and in the use of the 2-step strategy. We see the issue in estimating structural equation models as fundamentally a problem of appropriately specifying a model based on our theoretical concerns, then appropriately diagnosing ills in our models in a manner that is least likely to lead us astray. We report summary results from sets of simulations and provide a detailed discussion of 1 attempt to respecify a model. Our conclusions point to the inherent difficulty in respecifying models that do not fit, the similarity in results regardless of using 1-step or 2-step strategies when estimating models with only minor misspecifications, and the value of the 2-step procedure to provide slightly better clues in our search for a better fitting model.


The mountaineer stereotype--violent people who preserve a traditional lifestyle and vote Republican--has been perpetuated through the years. McKinney found that the impact of the Civil War and the absence of blacks, rather than economic and geographical factors, were responsible for the persistence of Republican voting patterns. Also, mountain Republicanism was the conscious creation of politicians in a five-state region to shape their party to conform to local political conditions.Originally published 1978.A UNC Press Enduring Edition -- UNC Press Enduring Editions use the latest in digital technology to make available again books from our distinguished backlist that were previously out of print. These editions are published unaltered from the original, and are presented in affordable paperback formats, bringing readers both historical and cultural value.


The article shows the role and the advantages of computer testing for the increasing of teaching efficiency. The adjustment of computer testing as a feedback control in teaching, in particular, physics is discussing. The proposed technology including the efficient analysis of the testing results enables to correct the quality of teaching, to raise the education assessment quality, and on the whole to optimize the educational process.


We investigate and evaluate the possibility of using local magnetosheath measurements to classify the plasma according to upstream conditions. In order to do this, we use simultaneous measurements from the Cluster spacecraft from time intervals when one of them is located in the solar wind, and the other in the magnetosheath. In particular, we study the classification of the magnetosheath plasma into the classes quasi‐parallel versus quasi‐perpendicular and foreshock/no foreshock (referring to the geometry of the upstream bow shock). We evaluate this method based on the magnetosheath measurements of the high‐energy ion energy flux, magnetic field standard deviation, and ion temperature anisotropy. We find that the method is promising and useful, in that it eliminates the uncertainties associated with propagating upstream measurements made far from the bow shock. Finally, we discuss some possible extensions of the methodology to be investigated in the future.


Carrageenans are widely utilized in food industry because of their physical and functional properties. In the present study, carrageenan was extracted from red seaweed and it was tested for the possibility for making healthy and nutritious fish soupfor human consumption. The spray dried carrageenan powder had a protein, ash content of 12.12%, 34.53% respectively. Fish soup powder was prepared with the addition of 5% carrageenan powder and their nutritional properties were evaluated. Fish soup powder contained corn flour was served as control. Results suggested that fish soup powder can be prepared with the supplementation of carrageenan at 5% level without affecting consistency and flavor characteristics of soup and thereby increase the nutritional value of healthy soup for human consumption.


There are various attacks that can hamper the efficiency of VANET major of them is Sybil attack. In Sybil attack the attacking node creates multiple forge identities in order to gain a generously large influence. In this paper Extended Genetic Algorithm is applied to remove Sybil attacks in VANET. In the proposed work Extended Genetic Algorithm will be applied with fitness function optimization. In this paper Genetic Algorithm is applied to mitigate Sybil attacks in VANET. In starting, the K-mean for clustering the VANET nodes have been utilized according to their distances among them. Next, the intelligent CH election utilizing soft computing methods that involves sequential hybrid Fuzzy-Genetic controller for this decision making have also been used. Proposed approach is able to locate Sybil nodes quickly without the requirement of secret information exchange and special hardware support. We evaluate our proposed approach on the realistic traffic scenario. Experiment results demonstrate that detection rate increases when optimal numbers of Sybil nodes are forged by the attacker. In this, we also compare our results with previous existing technique to show the enhancement we have done through our paper. The results are being evaluated on the basis of throughput; the whole stimulation model takes place in OPNET environment.


Negative bias temperature instability (NBTI), positive bias temperature instability (PBTI) and hot carrier injection (HCI) are leading reliability concerns for modern microprocessors. In this paper, a framework is proposed to analyze the impact of NBTI, PBTI and HCI on state-of-art microprocessors and to accurately estimate microprocessor lifetimes due to each wearout mechanism. Our methodology finds the detailed electrical stress and temperature of each device within a microprocessor system running a variety of standard benchmarks. Combining the electrical stress profiles, thermal profiles, and device-level models, we do timing analysis on the critical paths of a microprocessor using our methodology to characterize microprocessor performance degradation due to BTI and HCI. In addition, we study DC noise margins in conventional 6T SRAM cells as a function of BTI and HCI degradation to provide insights on reliability of memories embedded within microprocessors under realistic use conditions.


PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a photosensitive insulating resin composition having excellent resolution, electric insulating property and thermal shock property and giving a cured product having preferable chemical resistance. SOLUTION: The photosensitive insulating resin composition comprises an alkali soluble resin (A) having a phenolic hydroxyl group, a compound (B) having at least two alkylether amino group in the molecule, crosslinked fine particles (C), an oxirane ring-containing compound (D), a photosensitive acid generator (E) and a solvent (F). The cured product is obtained by thermally setting the above photosensitive insulating resin composition. COPYRIGHT: (C)2003,JPO


Student brawls is a form of collective social behavior of adolescent aberration and aggressive behavior rife in urban areas that the culprit is now up to junior high school stu- dents. The cause of the ght sometimes not clear. May be deemed to have become a tradition, sometimes just for re- venge, or any show of force alone. Quite often involves the use of weapons or rearms (Molotov cocktails) and caus- ing many casualties fall .the purpose of this study was to determine the reasons why the junior high school students do the ghting, and how the image of student conformity to ght and what factors lead to student conformity to the group. The research approach used is qualitative in the form of case studies and the subject of one man, a teenage boy who was 13 years old, who did ght. Based on survey results revealed that the factors that in uence the behavior of ghting the trend, there are two factors, the rst and second internal factors external factors, as for the picture of conformity is the imitation, identi cation, and internal- ization as well as the factors that in uence conformity is the alignment, a unanimous vote, the status , common, and common commitment.


The wider pensions system needs to be reformed and simplified to tackle a "pensions savings shortfall", according to new research from PwC.


Aims —To investigate the expression of (cid:226) -catenin in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and its clinical significance. Methods —101 patients were surgically treated for NSCLC by lobectomy or pneumectomy with systematic lymph node dissection. Follow up was available in all patients, ranging from 24 to 110 months. Immunostaining of tissue sections from primary tumours and (when present) their lymph node metastases was performed and evaluated using a monoclonal antibody against (cid:226) -catenin. Correlations were investigated between (cid:226) -catenin immunostaining in primary tumours and E-cadherin immunostaining (data available from a previous study), lymph node stage, and survival. Results —There were significant correlations between scores for (cid:226) -catenin immunostainingandE-cadherinimmuno-staininginprimarytumours(p=0.007),andbetweenthe (cid:226) -catenin immunostaining score in primary tumours and in their lymph node metastases (p = 0.006). An inverse correlation was found between the (cid:226) -catenin immunostaining score in primary tumours and lymph node stage N0, N1, or N2 (p = 0.03). According to the Kaplan–Meier survival estimate, the level of (cid:226) -catenin expression in primary tumours was a statistically significant prognostic factor (p = 0.01).


Background and Study Aim: Experts point to the lack of high-quality scientific research highlighting the initial training stage of young sambo athletes. The purpose of the research is knowledge based on scientific publications about the training process among young sambo athletes. Material and Methods: The data search was carried out in scientific databases: SCOPUS, PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar, SCIELO, eLIBRARY. Searches included terms: sambo, judo, young athletes, training process. Besides, implementation recommendations of the review and meta-analysis (PRISMA-P) were used for data analysis. Criteria for the inclusion of the revealed documents in the review: the actual problem and the purpose of the study, a significant sample of the studied athletes, the duration of the study is at least one year, tests and measurements and data statistical analysis. Results: Eighty-seven studies that best meets the search criteria have been found. Direction of research (ordinal variable: number of publications): development of physical qualities of combat athletes (28); improvement of tactical and technical base (23); course training of young athletes (18); sports selection quality (7); control of training load (6); the methods of psychological readiness of athletes (5). Conclusions: The contradiction has been revealed between the pedagogical need to start learning from the study of martial arts techniques and the techniques predominance for the development of physical qualities of athletes during the first study years. Moreover, unreasonable acceleration of training process of young sambo athletes was found during the initial period of training. The lack of coordination abilities development was found among young athletes.


We investigated the activity and the use of resting sites of polecats Mustela putorius in the Gutland area of Luxembourg. Three years of radio-telemetry on 10 animals provided 103 all-night tracking sessions and 262 locations of diurnal resting sites. Polecats were active during 62% of the night. Males were more active than females, and activity increased from winter to summer. During daytime, polecats were located in 53 different resting sites. Above ground shelters were used more often than underground shelters. Heaps of branches, barns and stables, garden sheds and rat dens were the most used sites, without specific preference for any one type of shelter. However, human settlements seem to be of prime importance during severe weather conditions. The selection of such resting sites appeared to be based on thermal characteristics. This pattern of resting site use suggests that presence of suitable resting sites in winter is important for the conservation of the endangered polecat population in Luxembourg.


The present invention discloses a method for turbine nozzle sector (200, 300) arranged to select, the method comprising the following steps: A) creating a database of three-dimensional numerical models of the sectors by digitizing; B) for selecting a fan setting standard body arrangement, and it sets the standard desired value which is a function of a standard shape and relative position of the fan body; C) was estimated for various arrangements, as determined by the virtual assembling the sectors assembled together the relative position of the sectors, and as a function of the position, the selection criteria for determining the value of the estimated arrangement; and D) having a retention arrangement selection criterion value closest to a desired value. The method for optimizing the selection of the sectors in the nozzle.


A new technique for determining power input from measured data on rate of temperature rise due to the stirring of a liquid in a mechanically agitated contactor was investigated. The change of temperature due to the stirring of the liquid was measured continuously as a function of time, with the help of a four junction Chromel Constantan thermopile, whose output was monitored on an Omniscribe mV recoder in the 0-0.5 mV range. The power input (Q) was calculated from known heat capacities of the liquid (m w C pw ), the reactor (m r c pr ) and the stirrer (m s c ps ) and the measured rate of temperature rise, ΔT/t, by using the following equation: (m w c pw + m r c pr + m s c ps )ΔT/t = Q. Power input data were taken under ungassed as well as gassed conditions by using 0.164 m and 0.21 m diameter standard tanks. The measured power input data were found to agree well with the predicted data obtained by using the correlations of Rushton et al. and Hughmark within the range of -6% to +11% thus confirming the reliability of the temperature rise method


A field experiment was conducted on a Typic Hapludoll soil in Indo-gangetic plains of India during the 2008 and 2009 rainy seasons to find out the effect of irrigation schedules and plant spacing on yield, quality, nutrient uptake and economics of two rice (Oryza sativa L.) varieties under system of rice intensification (SRI) and compare the performance of SRI with conventional transplanting. Treatments under SRI included 12 combinations of 3 irrigation schedules, viz. irrigation at 1, 3 and 5 day(s) after disappearance of standing water (DADSW), 2 spacings (20 cm × 20 cm, 25 cm × 25 cm) and 2 varieties ('Pant Dhan 4', 'Arize 6444'), alongwith two control treatments of conventional cultivation of each variety. The experiment was set in a RBD with three replications. Irrigation at 1 and 3 DADSW increased uptake of N, P and K in grains, which enhanced grain protein content and milling percentage, and improved grain yield by 8.6 and 5.9% over 5 DADSW (5.82 t/ha), respectively. Net returns and B:C ratio were also better with irrigation at 1 and 3 DADSW. Wider spacing resulted in 4.2% higher yield with better grain quality and 10.8% higher net returns over closer spacing. Yield-wise and profit-wise, both the varieties were suitable for cultivation under SRI. However, 'Arize 6444' recorded higher N uptake and protein content. The uptake of P and K was higher in grains of 'Pant Dhan 4' which showed higher milling percentage. Between two methods, SRI improved N, P and K uptake, milling percentage and protein content. Grain yield was 16.9% higher under SRI compared to conventional method (5.22 t/ha). Due to lower cost of production and higher yields, SRI fetched 56% higher net returns over conventional transplanting.


Chinese history shows cycles of unification and fracture. In western Eurasia, some empires would also temporarily gain hegemony. Were the occurrences of large polities in these two halves of Eurasia related? This paper examines whether the size of the largest empire in western Eurasia is correlated with the size of the contemporary Chinese dynasty. This paper finds a positive association between these two. This suggests that what happened in China could have influenced western Eurasian polities. Further analysis suggests that economic integration could have partly explained this synchronicity.


certain about the legitimacy of using the press for self-promotion. But the large crowds which assembled as a result of modem technology convinced him that the press could be used for holy purposes. To his credit, however, Whitefield was able to use the press for his purposes-advertising his work, printing his messages, and raising funds for various benevolent activities-without losing his ability to criticize much of what the press did in feeding people's greed for more "things." Lambert examines closely the process by which Whitefield and others borrowed merchandising means to attain their evangelistic ends. Advanced advertising and image-building were essential ingredients. But Whitefield also began using marketing terminology in the proclamation of his message. The press, in tum, used Whitefield, who was conceived as a useful British commodity. Benjamin Franklin, a contemporary and friend, saw that the Oxford-educated preacher was good for his own business; and both Franklin and others printed many volumes of the revivalist's sermons and diaries. In successive chapters Lambert analyzes how Whitefield's critics used the press, how Whitefield used it to distance himself from revivalists of the more extreme variety (especially Gilbert Tennent and James Davenport), and how his defense of freedom against religious and political establishments became part of the American psyche which undergirded the American Revolution six years after Whitefield's death. Lambert's work, while a serious and delightfully written piece of historical research, is also an exercise in contextualization of a religious message and method. Whitefield both used and was used by the new communicative forces in operation in the American colonies. What he created was not a lasting structure, but a legacy that "included an organizational model for revivals that barred ecclesiastical control. a paradigm followed by his successors in mass evangelism" (228). Subsequently, Billy Sunday, Charles G. Finney, and Billy Graham followed and extended his paradigm. "Advanced publicity, especially newspaper advertising, represents one of Whitefield's greatest innovations and most enduring legacies" (229). Although a few technical errors are found in the volume, the well-documented Pedlar bids one to be very cautious about simplistic analyses of evangelistic efforts in the past-or present.


ABSTRACT In this study, we synthesised two series of cholesteric liquid crystal polymers CPQ and CPZ series. First, we prepared four different monomers ML1 containing a cholesteryl group, ML2 containing a cyano group, ML3 containing a phenolic hydroxyl group and ML4 containing isosorbide with azo groups. With the polymethylsiloxanes as the main chain, CPQ series were then synthesised by copolymerisation among the monomers ML1, ML2 and ML3 and CPZ series were synthesised by esterification between the CPQ series and the monomer ML4. 1HNMR and FT-IR spectra confirmed the chemical structures of all the monomers and polymers. The mesomorphic behaviours and thermal properties were investigated by TGA, DSC, POM and XRD. Both the CPQ and CPZ series exhibited excellent thermal stability and reversible phase transitions, as well as interesting Grandjean textures under POM. CPZ series showed higher optical activity than CPQ series due to the introduction of the isosorbide group and the azo group, which could tune the pitch to make Bragg selective reflection appear more easily. UV–Vis spectra investigated the photoresponse behaviours of CPZ series thoroughly. Graphical Abstract


Background: Septoplasty is one the most commonly performed surgery in ENT. The aim of this study was to evaluate change in voice after septoplasty using voice handicap index (VHI).Methods: The current study was conducted at Department of ENT, SMGS Hospital, Government Medical College, Jammu, from October 2017 to November 2018. The study population was the patients who had come to the department with deviated nasal septum admitted for septoplasty. Voice assessment was done by Subjective Voice evaluation using VHI. It was done at three times i.e. preoperatively, postoperatively at 1 week and then postoperatively at 1 month.  Results: Out of 50 cases operated, 84% patients of present study were in the age group of 18-30 years. The mean age was 25 years. The eldest patient in our study was 55 years old. 40 patients were males and 10 were females with male: female ratio of 4:1. Mean VHI score at preoperative, postoperative 1 week and postoperative 1 month were 23.2, 22 and 21.5 respectively. No statistical difference was obtained while comparing the mean VHI score at different time intervals. The scores between 0-30 are in the mild category i.e. minimal amount of handicap.Conclusions: According to our experience a widened nasal cavity has no effect on voice quality and procedures about nasal obstruction like septoplasty can be performed safely. However, professional voice users, in particular, should be informed about the possible minor postoperative changes, before the septoplasty procedure.


The presented application HTSvis provides an user-interface tool for interactive analysis of arrayed high-throughput screening experiments. Arrayed formats are broadly used for cell-based screens which help to reveal mechanisms of complex diseases such as cancer. Technological advances allow to screen tens of thousands experimental conditions in a single experiments resulting in large datasets with complicated annotation files. Software packages for standardized analysis with a minimized programming effort have been developed accordingly. Even though such pipelines provide comprehensive analysis options, interpretation of the results remains a challenge as the user has to manually compare files and possibly re-run the analysis to prosecute certain hypotheses. Here we present HTSvis, a web application that visualizes data from arrayed screens. The data can be read-in as result files of the established R package CellHTS2 or as any spreadsheet table. This enables the user to feed in data which has been statistically analyzed whilst preserving flexibility to analyze data independent of the CellHTS2 package. The application provides several informative data representations like heatmaps, scatter plots and tables. Within the application, the data can be browsed in an ad hoc manner via the implemented user interface. This allows the user to assess data quality, compare experiments, identify measurements of interest and to verify generated hypotheses in an exploratory manner. The direct allocation of data points to experimental conditions is preserved in all representations facilitating an intuitive interpretation. HTSvis is easy to install, data input is straight forward and no programming skills are required for the usage. The application is compatible with common web browsers and can be set up on local computers as well as on server clusters which allows parallel access for multiple users. Summarized, HTSvis provides a helpful tool for interactive data analysis and interpretation for both, users with and without programming skills. Thereby, the application also promotes the cooperation and exchange of ideas between bioinformaticians and experimental biologists or between collaborators. Citation Format: Christian Scheeder, Florian Heigwer, Michael Boutros. HTSvis: An user-friendly application for analysis of arrayed high-throughput experiments by interactive data representations [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Precision Medicine Series: Opportunities and Challenges of Exploiting Synthetic Lethality in Cancer; Jan 4-7, 2017; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Ther 2017;16(10 Suppl):Abstract nr B06.


Five experts, Charles Kurzman, Dalia F. Fahmy, Justin Gengler, Ryan Calder, and Sarah Leah Whitson comment on whether or not the promise of an Arab Spring of democracy and freedom has withered.


Since the 1960s there have been numerous development activities on high-impact material and device-level technologies that could be integrated into current or future radioisotope power systems (RPS) to enhance their performance. One recent concept study proposed cascading thermoelectrics to convert some of the waste heat from the Multi-Mission Radioisotope Thermoelectric Generator (MMRTG) into electrical power. The first-order evaluations of the concept study suggested that performance improvements to beginning-of-life (BOL) and end-of-design life (EODL) power could be achieved by integrating bismuth telluride (Bi2Te3) thermoelectric modules into the MMRTG design. This paper discusses a proof of concept development approach to determine the BOL and EODL performance gains that could potentially be obtained by employing Bi2Te3 thermoelectric modules in an RPS as a second stage in a cascaded architecture. The principal efforts embedded in this approach entail an iterative modeling and analytical process to arrive at a Stage 2 module design coupled with a heat rejection system design that enables the cascaded thermoelectric system to operate at satisfactory performance levels. This paper addresses some of the design considerations that will need to be addressed at the system level. For the purposes of this study the MMRTG characteristics and properties are employed as the basis for this paper.


We have collated hERG inhibition data of 165 compounds from literature and employed two regression procedures, namely, Local Lazy Regression (LLR) and k-Nearest Neighbor (kNN)-QSAR regression methods in combination with Genetic Algorithms (GAs) to select significant and independent molecular descriptors and to build robust predictive models. This methodology helped us to derive four, optimal 2D- and 3D-QSPR models, M1–M4, based on five descriptors. Extensive validation tests using leave-one-out method and 61 compounds that are not used in the model generation strongly suggest that: (i) models M1 and M2, based on LLR, are very stable and robust; (ii) the model, M2 based on 3-D descriptors, performs better than the one based on 2-D descriptors, M1; and (iii) LLR method outperforms kNN regression approach. These results strongly suggest that the combination of GA and LLR method is a promising methodology, to build multiple stable models that are useful in consensus prediction. Further, from the analysis of the physical meaning of the descriptors, used in the best 2-D and 3-D descriptor models, M1 and M2, the significant physico-chemical forces that determine the hERG inhibition profile of small organic compounds are uncovered. Finally, as the models reported herein, are based on computed properties, they appear a valuable tool in virtual screening, where selection and prioritization of candidates is required.


We construct exact nonlinear solutions which describe the evolution of the Buneman instability. We show that under well-defined initial conditions a self-similar solution is realized with an explosive increase with time of the amplitude of the potential; the formation of short-lived double layers which have been observed in numerical simulations is possibly connected with this solution.


Green open space has an important role in the ecological balance of urban areas with a minimum area that must be approved by 30%. Jember City Region consists of Sumbersari, Kaliwates, and Patrang Sub-Districts which are designated as Regional Activity Centers with four main functions. The distribution of green open space in Jember City can be known quickly and accurately by using remote sensing imagery. The purpose of this study is to study and analyze the distribution of green open space in the city of Jember specifically in the Sub-Districts of Kaliwates, Sumbersari, and Patrang whether it has met the minimum requirement of green open space construction of 30% of the total area. The analysis carried out with the help of Landsat 8-OLI imagery recording 10 June 2018. The method used is the NDVI classification. The results showed that classification of land use using vegetation index is good because it can minimize errors. The total area of determined vegetation green space based on NDVI classification is 23.70 km2 or around 24.5% of the total area.


The hygrothermal transfer is very important for the design of a building envelope for thermal comfort and economic and energy analysis of the building envelope. The applications of various materials in building envelope have been studied extensively. The study presents several models for the hygrothermal transfer for various building walls. Several energy and mass conservation equations with different boundary conditions and input considerations were presented in this paper for concrete, bricks and wooden walls. The effect of hysteresis was ignored in developing most model equations, while few considered flow pattern of fluid through the wall surfaces. Due to the flexibility of Luikov models, it formed the basis for modelling the coupled heat and mass transfer for porous material independent of hygroscopic nature with different boundary conditions defined according to the geometry and orientations. The influence of type of wall, orientation, thickness, the density of the material and climatic variations on the temperature and moisture evolutions within the building materials was more pronounced. Literature, presenting imaging models using imagery software like COMSOL multi-physics, CFD etc. were scarce considering that microscopic imagery is now deployed to measure the heat and moisture evolution in materials. Future models should include shrinkage or expansion influence on the fibrous material like wood due to their behaviour under environmental condition.


Abstract A dynamic pipe effect (DPE) has been used previously to explain the descent from aloft of tornadic vortex signatures (TVSs), and presumably embryonic tornadoes, prior to the near-ground spinup of the tornado. But for many tornadoes the TVS appears to form simultaneously over a depth spanning the lowest few kilometers. A numerical model is used to determine the conditions under which a tornado is or is not preceded by a DPE. The model governs two-dimensional, axisymmetric, forced convection inside a closed, impermeable cylinder that rotates at a constant rate. Motion relative to the tank is initiated by a time-independent buoyancy field that is varied in a suite of experiments. The need for a DPE in vortex development in the model is shown to depend on trajectories of high-angular-momentum air, driven at least initially by this buoyancy field. Indeed, when buoyancy is confined primarily to midlevels, convergence at the foot of the vertical axis is weak initially, parcels with high angular momentum...


To study the effect of human β-endorphin (βh-End) on pituitary response to goadotropin-releasing hormone (LH-RH) and thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) in vitro, we used dispersed rat pitu


Th e purpose of any bibliography is to provide a search of the li terature for students in a par ticular field of investiga tion. This series provides su ch a service in several or th e specific subj ec ts within the ver y large fi eld of proba bili ty and m a thematical sta tis tics . Set"trch of th e li te ra ture in this case has been of a parasitic n a ture, however , in that two prominent reviewin g journals have b een used for our source ma terial. Abstracts or origin al papers appearin g in a myriad of tcc1micl"t1 joul'llf11s tlu'O"ughout th e world and in m any languf1ges, have b een transferred from the r eviewin g journals to cf1rd s which form a collection of stf1tistical m aterial m aintain ed on a current basis in th e N BS Statis tical En gin eering L abora tory. Zentralblatt jur }'1athematik was used for this purpose from 1930 1,


This mini review describes the synthesis and properties of carbon nanostructures containing organic-inorganic cage-like polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS). The physical and chemical functionalization of carbon nanomaterials such as graphene, graphene oxide, carbon nanotubes, and fullerenes with POSS towards the development of novel hybrid nanostructures is described in detail. Special emphasis is given to the potential impact of these hybrid nanostructures on various technological applications.


Airborne laser scanning technology is primarily perceived as a means for gathering detailed three-dimensional information about the surface and objects on it. It is therefore not surprising that the majority of the laser related research has focused on the detection of the terrain within the point cloud and on distinct surficial objects like building roofs and tree canopies. Nonetheless, the dense 3D data contains information about linear entities, some of which are of subtle form. While some of the efforts have been made into extracting linear elements from laser scanning data, the attention was mostly turned to dominant elements that are very clear and distinct. We present in this paper a model for the detection of linear features of various sizes and magnitudes laser data. Our focus is on the detection of subtle linear elements. We apply the model to detect and extract paleo shorelines that have the form of small ridges. Such fossil shorelines are clear markers of receding lakes and record the annual high and low stands. Results show that ridges of ~20 cm height can be identified and separated from the surrounding features in data.


This paper presents the digital signal processing submodule of a 100Base-TX Ethernet receiver to support 100Mbps at TP cable channel. The proposed submodule consists of programmable gain controller, timing recovery, adaptive equalizer and baseline wander compensator. The measured Bit Error Rate is less than when continuously receiving data up to 150m. The proposed signal processing submodule is implemented in digital circuits except for PLL and amplifier. The performance improvement of the proposed equalizer and BLW compensator is measured about 1dB compared with the existing architecture that removes BLW using errors of an adaptive equalizer. The architecture has been modeled using Verilog-HDL and synthesized using samsung cell library. The implemented digital signal processing submodule operates at 142.7 MHz and the total number of gates are about 128,528.


A new two-component, near zero refractive index (NZRI) metamaterial is presented for electromagnetic rectangular cloaking operation in the microwave range. In the basic design a pi-shaped, metamaterial was developed and its characteristics were investigated for the two major axes (x and z-axis) wave propagation through the material. For the z-axis wave propagation, it shows more than 2 GHz bandwidth and for the x-axis wave propagation; it exhibits more than 1 GHz bandwidth of NZRI property. The metamaterial was then utilized in designing a rectangular cloak where a metal cylinder was cloaked perfectly in the C-band area of microwave regime. The experimental result was provided for the metamaterial and the cloak and these results were compared with the simulated results. This is a novel and promising design for its two-component NZRI characteristics and rectangular cloaking operation in the electromagnetic paradigm.


This guide provides examples of how to cite sources using the American Psychological Association (APA) citation style. In APA style, a source is briefly cited within the text of a research paper using the author's surname (family name) and the date of publication. This is known as an in-text citation. A detailed list of all in-text citations is provided at the end of the research paper on a separate page with the word References (in bold) centered at the top of the page. Reference list entries are organized alphabetically by author, and by title for entries with no author. All entries are double-spaced and have a hanging indent, meaning the second and subsequent lines of an entry are indented 1.27 cm (0.5 in) from the left margin.


Aiming at short-term load forecasting of power system,considering the factors such as temperature,date type, weather status,etc,which influence the short-term electric load forecasting,a model is set up by combining Radial Basis Function (RBF)neural network with fuzzy control.The model forecasts the daily load by the nonlinear approaching capacity of the RBF neural network,than corrects the errors by on-line self-tuning factors of fuzzy control.The actual simulation shows that the method combining fuzzy control with neural network improves forecasting accuracy.


The invention discloses a method for preparing lanthanum-doped ammonium octamolybdate, and relates to a method for preparing the lanthanum-doped ammonium octamolybdate in a liquid-liquid doping mode. The method is characterized by comprising the following steps of: (1) preparing aqueous solution from ammonium dimolybdate; (2) weighing molybdenum oxide according to a mass ratio of the ammonium dimolybdate to the molybdenum oxide of 1:1.2, and adding the molybdenum oxide into the aqueous solution in the step (1) stepwise until the pH value of solution is 4.0 to 5.0; (3) adding lanthanum nitrate solution into the solution obtained in the step (2), wherein the addition amount of the lanthanum nitrate solution is determined according to lanthanum content required by the finished lanthanum-doped ammonium octamolybdate product; (4) adding the residual molybdenum oxide and reacting with heating; and (5) performing suction-filtering on a reaction product in the step (4) and drying to obtain the lanthanum-doped ammonium octamolybdate product. The method ensures that lanthanum is more uniformly distributed on a material and the product has high consistency, has low requirement on production equipment, and is suitable for mass production.


TRIFOLIATE ORANGE and certain of its hybrids have many characteristics that make them desirable rootstocks for citrus (1, 4). Therefore, there is an increasing tendency to use these rootstocks in the areas where tristeza virus has become endemic. In Brazil, for example, trifoliate orange is fast becoming the second most largely used rootstock for citrus, now that its limitations are better known (2, 3). Nearly 1 million citrus trees were propagated on trifoliate orange during the last 5 years in the state of S3o Paulo. The genus Poncirus is considered to be monotypic (6), but in recent years a number of different selections of trifoliate orange have been reported (2, 5). Thirty-three of these selections were tested as rootstocks for nucellar Hamlin sweet orange in the presence of a severe strain of tristeza virus. The results are summarized in this paper.


This paper presents a robust approach based on evolutionary agents for projective reconstruction in the presence of missing data and unknown depths. Agents denote possible submatrices for rank constraints, and carry out some evolutionary behavior to exploit a vast solution space. Our approach combines the benefits of excellent searching ability of evolutionary agents for getting a good solution, with a proper treatment of missing information with linear fitting. Experimental results demonstrate better performance of our approach than other typical methods in terms of accuracy and robustness to noise and missing data


In cellular networks, multiple relay nodes can be deployed in one cell, so there are three transmission modes, direct transmission (DT), two-hop transmission (TT) and cooperative transmission (CT). Combining with the node sleeping method for power saving, different transmission modes will have different energy efficiency for different user equipment (UE). In this paper, a self-adaptive energy efficient transmission (SEET) mechanism is proposed, in which energy efficient relay selection is taken into account to maximize the area energy efficiency (AEE) of each transmission mode. For each UE, it adaptively adjusts the current transmission mode for AEE maximization. The simulation results show that the proposed SEET mechanism has the maximum AEE compared to the mechanisms of only one mode.


In this review I discuss my experiences with using ground-penetrating radar to investigate permafrost in Alaska and in the Dry Valleys of Antarctica. The results may be relevant to radar efforts on Mars because of possible ice-rich conditions there. My surveys used pulses centered at 50-, 100and 400MHz. I interpret possible outwash and lacustrine deposits, and thermal imprints of migrated freeze fronts at two sites in Eastern Taylor Valley, Antarctica. Maximum depth of stratigraphy profiled was about 35 m in the Dry Valleys with about 30 m penetration in lacustrine sediments. Near Fairbanks, Alaska, I interpret depth of penetration at 50 MHz to be near 80 m in marginally frozen and stratifed alluvial sands. At other Fairbanks sites I found it difficult to differentiate between reflections from conductive bedrock, a graphitic schist, and those from the water table at depths of 20–35 meters. At a site on the North Slope of Alaska, I interpret thaw zones and remnant freezing fronts in an alluvial flood plain. The relative permittivity of the permafrost at most sites appears to range between about 4–5.5, which is consistent with felsic mineralogy mineralogy and low ice content. Weak interface reflectivity may have limited our interpretation of maximum penetration because high signal to noise ratios occurred at maximum reflection depths, signal absorption should have been low, and scarce diffractions imply that scattering was weak. The interface reflectivities beneath Taylor Valley may be a function of only density contrasts, since free water, and possibly ice, is absent. Obtaining similar results with a lower frequency airor space-borne survey on Mars will be limited by the loss in resolution, possible increased signal absorption rates from Maxwell-WagnerDebye type relaxations, and severe refraction of reflected signals as they cross the ground surface.


ABSTRACT Over the last 30 years, East Asia has progressed from virtually no intergovernmental arrangement in the 1980s to exclusive financial regionalism supported by strong centripetal forces in the aftermath of the Asian Financial Crisis (1997–1998), but this move has not yet produced coherent regional financial architecture. This article examines the evolution of Asia's regional financial architecture of the last three decades and discusses factors that have promoted and inhibited Asia's efforts toward financial regionalism. Since the Global Financial Crisis (2008–2009), the centripetal forces that aided the region's defensive regionalism have weakened, and the crisis has moved the region to seek multiple sources of financial stability from global to regional. On the one hand, given its export-promotion strategy, East Asia still relies heavily on the global financial architecture, and the region's US dollar dependence continues. On the other hand, the Global Financial Crisis has triggered China to seek reform in global financial order and some alternative solutions. For the latter, its monetary authority actively engages in internationalization of its currency, Renminbi, and promotion of the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank. In this environment, coherent financial regionalism for East Asia is yet to emerge, as East Asian governments continue to search for monetary and financial stability.


The largest group of newly infected individuals with chronic hepatitis C in the Western World are intravenous drug users. Emerging data support treating individuals with peginterferon and ribavirin for chronic hepatitis C after stabilisation on opioid maintenance therapy (methadone or buprenorphine). However these data are based on small cohorts or substrata from trials with small patient numbers. Here we report data from a cohort of 2422 patients including 333 patients on opioid maintenance therapy. Methods: A total of 3547 patients treated with at least one dose of peginterferon alfa-2b and weight based ribavirin are currently included in a German multicentre cohort. Only patients included in this cohort beyond 72 weeks of baseline were included in this analysis (n = 2422). Patients with missing data at week 72 were counted as treatment failures. Univariate analysis was performed for comparison of demographics in patients on opioid maintenance vs. remaining patients (age, sex, ALT, BMI, HCV-RNA, genotype, ribavirin dose, peginterferon dose). For logistic regression analysis sex, age, baseline HCV-RNA, HCV-genotype, BMI and opioid maintenance were used as independent variables. The dependent variable being HCV-RNA negative (<400 IU/mL) or positive at week 72 (SVR). Results: Patients on opioid maintenance were younger (35.0 ± 9 vs. 42.2 ± 12 years, P < 0.001), and more had genotype 3 (46.0% vs. 31.4%, P < 0.001). HCV-RNA levels were lower (45.8% vs. 61.2% <400,000 IU/mL, P < 0.001). SVR in all patients on opioid maintenance (n = 333) was 64.1% vs. 56.0% in the remaining patients (n = 2089) (P < 0.05, univariate). In logistic regression analysis, variables positively associated with SVR were younger age, HCV-genotype 2/3 and baseline HCV-RNA <400,000 IU/mL (all P < 0.001). Female sex showed a trend for SVR (P = 0.055). Opioid maintenance therapy was not associated with treatment outcomes in the logistic regression analysis. Conclusion: Efficacy of peginterferon and ribavirin was not different for patients on opioid maintenance therapy. Due to favourable factors for SVR such as HCV-genotype 3, younger age, and lower HCV-RNA, patients on opioid maintenance therapy showed a better unadjusted SVR compared to patients not on this therapy. Treatment of patients on opioid maintenance therapy in daily practice is feasible and success rates are not inferior to results from prospective, controlled studies. Background Intravenous (IV) drug users are the largest group of individuals newly infected with the hepatitis C virus (HCV) in the Western World. Emerging data support treating these individuals with peginterferon (PEG-IFN) plus ribavirin (RBV) for chronic hepatitis C after stabilization using opioid maintenance therapy (methadone or buprenorphine). However, these data are based on small cohorts or substrata from clinical trials with small patient numbers.


Thermal desorption (TD) remediates hydrocarbon-contaminated soil by heating the soil (200–500°C) to volatilize the hydrocarbons, effectively removing the contaminant from the soil. Knowledge of the effects of TD on remediated soil for agricultural crop production are limited, but cation exchange capacity (CEC) and selectivity for cations can be good indicators of plant productivity potential. In this study, the CEC and selectivity of cations of TD-treated and untreated topsoil and subsoil were compared using binary exchange measurements of Ca–Mg, Ca–K, and Mg–K. The tested soils were illite and smectite-dominated Mollisols that were collected near an active TD-remediation site in northwest North Dakota. Vanselow selectivity coefficients and Gibb's free energies (ΔGex) were computed. For all three exchanges, significant differences were observed in ΔGex between the untreated and TD-treated topsoil. In the Ca–Mg exchange, both the untreated and TD-treated topsoil preferred Ca, whereas both TD-treated and untreated subsoils preferred Mg. For the Ca–K and Mg–K exchanges, all treatments preferred K. Cation exchange capacity values were significantly greater in the untreated subsoil of the Ca–Mg exchange and the untreated topsoil and subsoil of the Ca–K exchange than in the TD-treated soils. The differences may be caused by contrasts in soil organic C and mineralogy. Although CEC and ΔGex differed between untreated and TD-treated soils, the cation selectivities were not altered, suggesting that the magnitude of the differences may not require alternative fertility management to retain previous soil productivity.


Pairs of SiC nanowires were grown side-by-side synchronously from the same metal catalyst nanoparticles. The stacking sequences of each pair were read by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, and the similarity of each stacking sequence was measured using the Levenshtein distance. No synchronism was detected in the pairs of stacking sequences, and the results indicated that the formation of stacking faults in SiC nanowires was not deterministic, but purely stochastic.


In the United States, lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths. As of today, cigarette smoking causes 85 percent of lung cancer deaths. In this study, a non linear system of differential equations is used to model the dynamics of a population which includes smokers. The parameters of the model are obtained from data published by cancer institutes, health and government organizations. The average number of individuals who become smokers and the reduction of this average by an education program are determined. The long-term impact of educating a susceptible class before they enter the population model and the effect it has on the epidemic is also studied. Simulations using realistic parameters are carried out to illustrate our theoretical results.


It is Freire's conviction (now supported by a wide background of experience) that every human being, no matter how "ignorant" or submerged in the "culture of silence" he may be, is capable of looking critically at his world in a dialogue encounter .with others. Provided with the proper tools for such encounter, he can gradually perceive his persona! and social reality as weIl as the contradictions in it. In this process, the old, patemalistic teacher-student relationship is overcome. A peasant can facilitate this process for his neighbor more effectively than a "teacher" brought in from the outside. "Men educate each other through the mediation of the world,"


Energy demand for active mechanical space cooling is projected to double by 2050. Wider adoption of passive cooling systems can help reduce demand. However, familiarity with these systems remains low, and innovation in the field is constrained due to a lack of cost-effective, accessible performance evaluation methods. This paper reports the design, construction, and commissioning of an affordable, self-contained environmental test chamber. The novel chamber replicates a range of outdoor conditions common in hot, dry regions, making possible year-round testing of reduced-scale prototypes. Data from calibration testing are reported, showing no significant difference in evaporative efficiency when a reduced-scale prototype tested in the chamber is compared with datasets from prior full-scale testing. Analyzing the results using an independent sample two-tailed t-test with a 95% confidence interval found a p-value of 0.75. While measured outlet air velocities for reduced-scale and full-scale prototypes differed to some extent (root mean square error of 0.45 m/s), results were nevertheless deemed comparable due to errors introduced by the rapid change in wind speeds and directions at full scale. Future chamber modifications will correct misalignments between data collected from the two scales and prevent observed increases in the chamber's relative humidity levels during testing.


A holographic element for the common CD pick-up to play DVD is designed in this paper. The focus of holographic element is the same as that of the objective lens of CD player. The holographic element is fixed before the objective lens. The focus of DVD player with this holographic element is 8.5 mm, the number aperture is 0.75, and the focusing beam spot is 0.5 um. DVD player with the holographic element is characteristic of compensating the main optical error met in the common CD player well.


This report summarizes the development of a water quality model for an eight-mile reach of the Fox River in Aurora, Illinois, and evaluates water quality impacts of the Fox Metro Water Reclamation District (FMWRD) discharges during storm events in the Fox River. A part of the FMWRD service area collects both wastewater and stormwater in combined sewers. A portion of the increased volume associated with rain events is released to receiving waters through combined sewer overflows (CSOs). The FMWRD owns and operates one CSO by the treatment plant; remaining CSOs in the area are owned by the City of Aurora. This project focuses on quantifying water quality impacts of modifications planned at the FMWRD facilities on the Fox River to aid in development of the FMWRD CSO long-term control plan (LTCP). The water quality impact was evaluated from two different perspectives. First, a change in Fox River water quality from existing to proposed conditions was assessed. Second, compliance with water quality standards was evaluated for constituents with applicable ambient water quality standards (fecal coliform bacteria and ammonia nitrogen) or a value used by the Illinois Environmental Protection Agency (IEPA) to list a constituent as a potential cause of impairment (total suspended solids, nitrate nitrogen, and total phosphorus). The proposed changes at the FMWRD include a) full treatment expansion increasing the capacity of the plant; b) enhanced phosphorus removal at both new and existing full treatment facilities; and c) a new chemically enhanced primary treatment (CEPT) facility used only during larger storms when inflow exceeds the plant capacity. The CEPT capacity is designed to capture 5-year design storms, i.e., only storms larger than a 5-year storm would result in an overflow of untreated water. This study evaluates impacts that these proposed modifications have on Fox River water quality during storm inflows, focusing on the effect of the FMWRD CSO. A computer model was developed to simulate the fate of nitrogen, phosphorus, suspended solids, and fecal coliforms in the Fox River reach from Sullivan Road Bridge in Aurora to Route 34 Bridge in Oswego using WASP software. The model was calibrated for two storm events validate the model coefficients and any long-term trends that would not be detectable during the short-event simulations. The impact of the FMWRD discharges on biochemical oxygen demand and dissolved oxygen was estimated from discharged loads. Monitoring data collected by Walter E. Deuchler Associates, Inc. (WEDA) during 2008 …


Patients with new or worsening chest pain suggesting acute coronary syndromes need treating as an emergency. Rapid assessment is crucial but difficult. Patients with acute chest pain now represent 20% or 30% of all emergency medical admissions, yet less than one third of these will have acute coronary syndromes (acute myocardial infarction or unstable angina).1 The majority thus do not have significant coronary heart disease. There are approximately 600 000 unnecessary admissions each year in the UK. If adequately investigated, on the basis of rule out algorithms, admission could be avoided. However, up to 2% of acute myocardial infarctions are mistakenly sent home with perhaps a 25% case fatality rate and a high risk of medicolegal problems.2–4 Any effective scheme would potentially save substantial NHS resources and reduce stress for patients, carers and staff.1

It is important to emphasise the social context. This is a continuous spectrum ranging from patients who never present grading imperceptibly into patients who present as emergencies. The trigger for such presentation represents the final step in a complex pathway commencing with the patient's perception of symptoms, illness behaviour, family and social norms, advice from significant others, level of education, availability of primary care support, access to accident and emergency (A&E) and response of A&E staff. Although the incidence of coronary heart disease …


Despite recognition of the risks of unplanned pregnancy and disease transmission, the use of contraceptives and/or prophylactics among young sexually active Filipinas in Australia is inconsistent. While this does not set them apart from Australian-born young people, sexual expression is influenced by cultural values of both the immigrant family and dominant community. Young migrant women experience particular barriers in discussing sex with their parents or other community members, because of their concern with family honour and shame and tensions related to differences in values between the host and origin cultures. Issues related to sex, contraception and the prevention of sexually transmitted diseases are rarely dealt with openly, and, as a result, young women rarely have access to practical advice about services and information.


Collisionless damping of geodesic acoustic mode (GAM) is analytically investigated by considering the finite-orbit-width (FOW) resonance effect to the 3rd order in the gyro-kinetic equations. A concise and transparent expression for the damping rate is presented for the first time. Good agreement is found between the analytical damping rate and the previous TEMPEST simulation result (Xu 2008 et al Phys. Rev. Lett. 100 215001) for systematic q scans. Our result also shows that it is of sufficient accuracy and has to take into account the FOW effect to the 3rd order.


This article presents an extended backstepping control method to reduce the grid-side current harmonics caused by grid voltage distortion. A dynamic model considering the grid voltage as an external disturbance is derived in the stationary reference frame. The extended back-stepping design procedure based on pole displacement guarantees that the system is stable without damping. The proposed method has a general low-order harmonics suppression instead of selective harmonics elimination. Zero steady-state error can be obtained tracking the grid currents. Stability, as well as good transient and steady-state performance are verified through numerical simulation. A comparison with the state-of-the-art proportional resonant control with active damping is also conducted. The results show that a good low-order harmonics reduction in the grid current is achieved by the proposed control method.


The tensile properties of PVC-U pipes made from different materials were determined.The specimens'changes in sectional area and density during stretching were analyzed as well as the difference in stress-strain curves.The difference between PVC-U pipes made from different materials in decision method of tensile yield point,true stress and tensile mechanism were discussed.


According to the standard appearance of initial preparation cold storage [(0±2) ℃,7 d],heat storage [54(±2) ℃,14 d] and/or qualified dilution stability(1 ∶200 fluid) and/or good mobility,we have carried out the screening tests recipes of 30% triazophos fenvalerate microemulsion using different surfactants,solvents,co-solvents and water.The result shows that optimized formula:triazophos is 30%;butyl alcohol is 1%~3%;xylene is 3%~5%;DMF is 3%~5%;emulsifier(500#,NPEPO4,1602# and 400#) is 17%~20% and water else.The microemulsion has good dilution stability,average decomposition ratio 2%;the influence of field conditions is 30% triazophos microemulsion better than 40% triazophos EC,but the difference between two emulsifiers is not remarkable,the cost of 30% triazophos microemulsion is lower than 40% triazophos EC.


This paper proposes a grid connected solar photovoltaic (PV) fed water pumping system for agriculture and irrigation purposes, with bi-directional power flow functionality. PV generated power can be transferred into the grid when water pumping is not needed, to improve its capacity utilization factor. It is achieved by the voltage source converted integrating the DC link of the conventional single stage or two stage PV fed water pumping system, proving several other benefits. The pump can run at its duty point (efficient point) in spite of large variation in the insolation level. For applying the $\boldsymbol{dq}$ control technique, the single phase grid voltage is taken as a real signal, and an imaginary signal is generated by shifting it by 90°. These real and imaginary signals are considered $\alpha\beta$, and $\boldsymbol{dq}$ transformation is achieved. The voltage source converter tries to keep the DC link voltage constant at a specified reference. This proposed system allows the consumer to use the water pump at full capacity throughout the day, irrespective of the weather condition. The consumer can also export the PV power generated when the water pump is not being used. Maximum power point operation of PV array is also achieved in this system.


INTRODUTION Carbon dioxide in the atmosphere has been increasing steadily since preindustrial times from 280 ppm to latest record of 396.80 ppm in February 2013 (NOAA,2013). CO2 is one of the most importantgreenhouse gases which is responsible for absorbing energy from the sun, leading to warming of the Earth's atmosphere through the phenomenon of the greenhouse effect and likely to affect climate change.Carbon management strategies in forests is one of the agenda of National Action Plan on Climate Change (NAPCC, 2008) to mitigate the climate change.Therefore there is an urgent need to enhance C sequestration in the vegetation especially in the forest ecosystem and to emphasize the various strategies through management of forest ecosystems. Thus selection and development of plant species with a high fixing CO2 capacity are of increasing interest over the worldwide (Zhouet al. 2011).


Iridium(III) complexes of the type [Ir(η5‐C5Me5)Cl2{Ph2PCH2CH2CH2S(O)xPh‐κP}] (x=0–2; 1–3) and [Ir(η5‐C5Me5)Cl{Ph2PCH2CH2CH2S(O)xPh‐κP,κS}][PF6] (x=0–1; 4 and 5) with 3‐(diphenylphosphino)propyl phenyl sulfide, sulfoxide, and sulfone ligands Ph2PCH2CH2CH2S(O)xPh were designed, synthesized, and characterized fully, including X‐ray diffraction analyses for complexes 3 and 4. In vitro studies against human thyroid carcinoma (8505C), submandibular carcinoma (A253), breast adenocarcinoma (MCF‐7), colon adenocarcinoma (SW480), and melanoma (518A2) cell lines provided evidence for the high biological potential of the neutral and cationic iridium(III) complexes. Neutral iridium(III) complex 5 proved to be the most active, with IC50 values up to about 0.1 μM, representing activities of up to one order of magnitude higher than cisplatin. Using 8505C cells, apoptosis was shown to be the main mechanism through which complex 5 exerts its tumoricidal action. The described iridium(III) complexes represent potential leads in the search for novel metal‐based anticancer agents.


The NEP economy was mainly composed of five elements: paternalism, community, organized mobilization, corporatism and modern rationalism. The institutional configuration was as follows: labor-management consultation system from above held a core position, having coexistent and complementary relationships with command economy and market, and traditional community was placed at the bottom. Under growing pressure and closed character in the latter half of NEP era cooperative relations among the strata were disrupted and strong-arm integration advanced, with the result that the plural system was transformed to the command economy-centered system containing elements of enlightening despotism and social rationalism.


Migration was one of Qaddafi's key diplomatic instruments, and for Libyan stakeholders today it remains a bargaining chip. While Libya in Qaddafi's era was considered 'rogue' and the new Libya is seen as a place without rule, the law has been used to orientate migrations, to a greater degree than in other countries of the region. The prolific, specific, and ideology-based law Qaddafi developed over twenty years to support Libya's migration diplomacy and policy has been standardised and adapted to global norms since the beginning of the 2000s, with a focus on combating irregular migration. Henceforth taken only as a transit area, the 'new Libya' has accentuated this line and engaged more
deeply with external partners, intensifying mechanisms to retain migrants upstream of the Mediterranean and experimenting platforming migration management in the Sahel.


DR21(OH) ridge, the central part of a high-mass star- and cluster-forming hub-filament system, is resolved spatially and kinematically into three nearly parallel fibers (f1, f2, and f3) with a roughly north–south orientation, using the observations of molecular transitions of H13CO+ (1 − 0), N2H+ (1 − 0), and NH2D (11,1 − 10,1) with the Combined Array for Research in Millimeter Astronomy. These fibers are all mildly supersonic (σ velocity dispersions about 2 times the sound speed), having lengths around 2 pc and widths about 0.1 pc, and they entangle and conjoin in the south where the most active high-mass star formation takes place. They all have line masses 1–2 orders of magnitude higher than their low-mass counterparts and are gravitationally unstable both radially and axially. However, only f1 exhibits high-mass star formation all the way along the fiber, yet f2 and f3 show no signs of significant star formation in their northern parts. A large velocity gradient increasing from north to south is seen in f3, and can be well reproduced with a model of freefall motion toward the most massive and active dense core in the region, which corroborates the global collapse of the ridge and suggests that the disruptive effects of the tidal forces may explain the inefficiency of star formation in f2 and f3. On larger scales, some of the lower-density, peripheral filaments are likely to be the outer extensions of the fibers, and provide hints on the origin of the ridge.


The invention relates to a preparation method of a carbon fiber-reinforced ultra high-temperature ceramic-base composite material capable of being repeatedly ablated for use. Vacuum pressure is adopted to soak and combine reaction melt, the reaction melt is permeated in the conventional carbon fiber-reinforced ultra high-temperature ceramic-base composite material, and rear-earth metal elements such as La, Y, Yb, Sc, and the like are added to achieve effects of reducing volatilization of SiO2 at a high temperature, stabilizing a ZrO2/HfO2 crystal form and generating rare-earth zirconate or rear-earth hafnate. After ablation, glass-state SiO2 is formed on the material surface and filled between ZrO2 and HfO2; and a compaction layer of the rare-earth zirconate/the rear-earth hafnate is mixed to protect the material very well, so that repeatable ablation of the ultra high-temperature ceramic-base composite material is possible.


In this essay I reconstruct a dispute that occurred in the middle Maghrib during the first half of the eighth/fourteenth century among members of a wealthy family with strong ties to the state. The pre mortem transfer of shares of a mill to minor children, one male and the other female, carried out ca. 705/1305 became problematic 20 years later, long after the children's father had died. The widowed mother used her position as legal guardian to prevent her daughter – now grown up and married – from exercising effective control over her shares of the mill; eventually, the mother sold her daughter's shares of the mill to her son, a jurist employed by the state. When her attempts to settle the dispute within the family proved unsuccessful, the daughter took her case to a sharī a court judge; the latter solicited the legal advice of a muftī, who called for nullification of the sale. The case sheds light on the operation of the Islamic legal system, points to the willingness of legal actors to uphold the rights of a female against a powerful male relative, and suggests that Muslim judges enjoyed a relatively large measure of judicial autonomy.


When rule base is sparse,we cannot get any reasoning result by traditional fuzzy reasoning method for an observation is in the gap between two neighboring antecedents.Authors have proved that fuzzy reasoning is really equal to a interpolation.Hence Koczy and Hirota first proposed KH linear interpolative reasoning method.But its consequence does not always keep convexity and normality.So this paper presents a fuzzy interpolative method based on center set and similarity.And it is extended to handle the multidimensional variables fuzzy reasoning.Reasoning is simple by the method;moreover it can keep the convexity of the reasoning consequence.


In the four years since Energy Efficiency Victoria's House Energy Rating software was released there has been a remarkable increase in the number of energy efficient houses built. This paper answers the question "Who is building the energy efficient houses of Victoria? ( and why do they bother?)",examines how the use of House Energy Rating analysis tools has affected this and discusses how builders and designers can enhance their competitive advantages through energy efficient house design. The key features of Energy Efficiency Victoria's recent comprehensive upgrade to the FirstRate software are also described.


The Beast of Berlin was the name of an American film, made in 1918, which depicted Wilhelm II as a militaristic monster. This title reflected public opinion in the Allied powers at the end of the First World War. 'Hang the Kaiser! was the motto which won Lloyd George the election of 1918. And in Article 227 of the Versailles Treaty the victorious powers in the First World War called for Wilhelm II to be publicly indicted for the 'most serious infringement of international moral law'.1 He was never brought to trial only because the Netherlands, where the exKaiser had fled, refused to extradite him. The desire to punish the Kaiser for the war was based on the assumption that, as the highest-ranking person in charge of German policy, he was partly to blame for the war, and responsible for the bloody course of it. This assumption did not seem to be unjustified. After all, Wilhelm II had been astonishing and irritating his contemporaries with his autocratic and militaristic pronouncements for decades. Comments such as 'regis voluntas suprema lex', or 'there is only one ruler in the Reich, and I will not tolerate another' are legion. To be sure, even before Wilhelm's accession, doubts had been expressed about whether these were more than empty words, and whether he had the ability to act on them. His unpredictable volatility, in particular, raised doubts. Bismarck once disapprovingly remarked that Wilhelm II had an opinion about everything, but that it was a different one every day. And indeed, the Kaiser was known to the people around him as Wetterhahn (weathercock) or Ballon (balloon), who always blew with the prevailing wind. One day he wanted to join Britain in attacking Russia, the next


Introduction I. The Novel of Ideas II. The Moral Dilemma III. Crome Yellow (1921) IV. Antic Hay (1923) V. Those Barren Leaves (1925) VI. Point Counter Point (1928) VII. Brave New World (1932) VIII. Eyeless in Gaza (1936) IX. After Many a Summer (1939) X. Time Must Have a Stop (1945) XI. Island (1962) XII. The Moralist and the Artist Conclusion Index


We confirmed availability of measurements of sound velocity and Hugoniot relations for laser-shocked iron using side-on radiography. The sound velocity and physical parameters of pure iron were measured on the pressure over 400 GPa. The sound velocities of liquid iron indicated the trend of monotonic increase with pressures up to nearly 1 TPa.


Abstract : The current wars in Iraq and Afghanistan have presented significant civil infrastructure rebuilding challenges to these nations, as well as to the United States, coalition allies, and the United Nations. Iraqi and Afghan critical infrastructure has been destroyed, or fallen into disrepair, due to years of war, international sanctions, sabotage and neglect. Electrical infrastructure, in particular, is a critical economic and social component that is failing to meet the essential needs of these two societies. This paper is a starting point in researching the viability of integrating distributed generation (DG) resources, such as wind turbines, photovoltaic panels, and microturbines into the portfolio of power generation choices, by quantifying the fully burdened cost of electrical generation in war-torn regions. In this paper, Iraq is used as the sample case for investigating the viability of using DG technologies to enhance the existing electric grid. The fully burdened cost is expressed in the annual life-cycle cost (LCC) of each of the five systems (microturbines, diesel generators, photovoltaic panels, wind turbines and large-scale natural gas turbines) researched, "levelized" to $/kW. LCC includes capital costs, operation and maintenance, fuel costs, energy storage and security. This research concludes that microturbine systems offer the most cost effective means of making up a 3500MW deficit in Iraq when fuel prices remain at, or below, a baseline price of $2.29/gal FY09. Photovoltaic systems provide the most cost effective means of making up this deficit when fuel prices increase beyond this baseline price, as they have in Afghanistan.


The intellectual always stands between loneliness and alignment. —Edward Said (1996, p. 22) Walpole and McKenna (2008) defined literacy coaching as "a strategy for implementing a professional suppo...


Let X be a Banach space and G be a closed subspace of X. We say G is 2−simultaneously proximinal in X if for any x1, x2 in X, there exists some y ∈ G such that ‖x1 − y‖ + ‖x2 − y‖ = inf{‖x1 − z‖ + ‖x2 − z‖ : z ∈ G} = d({x1, x2},G). In this paper, we give a formula for d({x1, x2},G) in vector valued integrable functions. Results on simultaneous proximinality in such spaces will be presented. Mathematics Subject Classification: Primary: 41A28, secondary: 41A65