This study investigated the acoustic phonetic characteristics of Korean diphthongs in 16 healthy controls, in 8 speakers with spastic dysarthria, and in 8 speakers with flaccid dysarthria. The subjects read /ja/, /wi/ and mean formant values were analyzed based on the spectrograms. The formant transition duration for the vowel /ja/ was longer for speakers with flaccid dysarthria than the control speakers and speakers with spastic dysarthria. When speaking the vowel /wi/, the tongues of speakers with flaccid and spastic dysarthria were pulled back more than those of control speakers. We observed that there are differences in the patterns of error observed in flaccid dysarthria and spastic dysarthria speakers.


-ABSTRACT: Nonprofessional caregivers frequently experience barriers to using analgesics for pain in patients in home hospice settings, and patients inpainmaysuffer needlessly.For example,caregiver adherencetothe administration of analgesics is lower for as-needed (PRN) regimens than for standardaround-the-clock regimens.Butlittle isknownabout the barriers caregivers experience and the effects of those barriers. Accordingly, we determined caregiver barriers to using analgesics to manage the pain of patients in the home hospice care setting, and how such barriers affected caregiver adherence and patient quality of life. To this end, we measured barriers, caregiver adherence to PRN analgesicregimens,andpatienthealthoutcomes(pain,depression,quality of life [QoL]). A 3-day longitudinal design was used. We recruited 46 hospice nonprofessional caregiver–patient dyads from a local community hospice agency. Barriers were measured with the Barrier Questionnaire II. Adherence to the PRN analgesic regimen was obtained with a 3-day pain and medication diary. Patient outcome measures included pain intensity, the Hospital Depression Scale, and the Brief Hospice Inventory for QoL. Barrier scores were moderate to low. Caregivers adhered to PRN analgesic regimens approximately 51% of the time. Higher caregiver adherence to PRN analgesic regimens was associated with lower patient pain intensity and higher patient QoL, but not, surprisingly, with barriers to pain management. Longitudinal


This study examined changes of both psychological and physiological emotional responses according to change of the PMV (predicted mean vote) in the heating and the cooling air conditions. For this purpose, the changes of PMV were induced by the heating and cooling operations of the HVAC (heating, ventilation, and air conditioning) systems. In addition, positive/negative and arousal/relaxation were measured as the participant's psychological emotional responses, and HR (heart rate) was measured as the participant's physiological emotional responses. As a result, in same range of the PMV, both psychological and physiological emotional-responses were changed by air conditioning. It is suggested that occupant's emotional responses would depend on the operational conditions of heating and cooling in indoor thermal environments, and both psychological and physiological emotional response should be considered when occupants try to match the indoor thermal environments to their thermal expectations.


Morn than 300 share initial public offerings(IPOs)that list on Shanghai Security Exchange from February 2002 to April 2004 and the relation between the underpricing and more than 40 indices including the corporation finance,status of a new issue and macro-economics etc were studied.The result shows that there is severe underpricing decreasing every year in Chinese IPOs.Through regression analysis,the cause was found in depth,and some suggestion to reduce the underpricing was put forward.


Fine mapping is a critical step in finding genes associated with complex disorders whose location has been initially determined by linkage studies. Fine mapping (Table 1) has three parallel approaches. The first is to use additional polymorphic markers spaced at narrow intervals in order to confirm initial linkage findings and to narrow the region containing the gene of interest (confidence interval). The data from the additional markers are analysed using standard linkage analyses, linkage disequilibrium and/or haplotype sharing statistics depending on the sample population. The second is to sequence candidate genes in the original region looking for polymorphisms that differ in frequency between probands and controls. The third is to develop a physical map of the region. The physical map of bacterial and yeast artificial chromosomes (BACs and YACs, respectively) can determine the order of very closely spaced genetic markers, be a source for additional polymorphic markers and determine which genes and expressed sequence tagged sites (ESTs) are in the genetic confidence interval. The BACs from the smallest confidence interval can be sequenced, in order to find all of the genes in the region. Genes that are identified within this region can be sequenced to find polymorphisms that differ in frequency between probands and controls. This strategy should lead to identification of the gene(s) responsible for the linkage to this region. Finding a gene associated with a complex disorder based on the results from a genome screen is difficult because a genome screen usually defines several broad regions of interest. A region of interest may be 30 or more centiMorgans (cM). Even though linkage is present, 30 cm is not a welldefined interval in which to search for the gene of interest. As a first approximation, 1 cM is 1 million bps or a megabase, Mb, and contains roughly 50 genes. Thus, the large regions of interest identified in a genome screen may contain 30 mb and 1500 genes. These extensive intervals are too large to efficiently scan every known gene for mutations and to pull out novel genes using techniques such as exon trapping or to completely sequence. Fine mapping using polymorphic markers at narrow intervals can confirm the initial linkage findings and narrow the interval of interest. The order of the markers is critical and is best determined by genetic mapping. However, for those markers for which there is no informative crossover unambiguously ordering the markers, the order should be determined from the physical map. Discrepancies between the genetic and physical maps should be resolved. If the information obtained from the additional markers strengthens the evidence for linkage, then the preliminary linkage is considered confirmed. After confirming the evidence for linkage, fine mapping analysis should be performed under an assumption allowing for heterogeneity. When possible, families may be stratified based on a clinical parameter. For example, stratification by age of onset was used in mapping breast cancer susceptibility genes [1]. In addition, analysis of related phenotypes may reduce the heterogeneity in the sample [2]. Fine mapping refines the shape of the curve and several patterns may be observed. Occasionally, a problem may occur when related phenotypes are tested: the peak may shift to several distinct locations within the original large region. The shifting peak may represent the effects of families that, although they appear linked, do not have a disease-associated allele at the locus of interest. Another possible outcome is the appearance of multiple peaks. If he multiple peaks occur in a single analysis, they may represent either different families that do not have the disease-associated allele showing cosegregation by chance to distinct parts of the chromosomal region, or the multiple peaks may represent multiple genes in the interval. An example is shown in Fig. 1 based on a set of simulated genetic data [3]. Marker data were simulated at 2 cM intervals (mean heterozygosity 1⁄4 0.77) for 239 nuclear families. Three major genes underlay the simulated disorder and the first major gene maps to the region shown in this Fig. 1(f) markers are typed at a 10 cM interval as is often done in genome screens, the gene is located almost 10 cM away from the marker with the peak LOD, but within the region covered by the two markers with the highest LODs. If fine mapping is performed and markers are typed at a 2 cM interval, two peaks are observed, neither at the exact location of the gene. The data from the all the markers can be analysed using linkage disequilibrium [4] or key recombinant and Clinical and Experimental Allergy , 1998, Volume 28, Supplement 1, pages 98–100


In this paper, an enhanced single-binary (SB) turbo decoding scheme is proposed to provide reliable extrinsic information to the detector of turbo multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) system. By using the state metrics of the systematic bits of SB turbo decoding, the proposed scheme generates the extrinsic information of parity bits with reduced operations. Simulations of a 4 × 4 turbo MIMO system under 16-QAM modulation and Long Term Evolution (LTE) rate-1/3 turbo code reveals that this proposed scheme combined with multiplying extrinsic information by distinct scaling factors achieves BER performance gains compared with the conventional scheme.


The River Gambia is unique in being the last major river in
West Africa with a natural hydrological regime. The large
adjacent floodplains in the lower half of the river are
seasonally inundated by floodwater. Sampling occured over five
years (2004-2008) in Niokolo Koba National Park and its
vicinity in 22 sites representing five major habitat types
(main river, tributaries, large oxbow lakes, temporary water
bodies and spring pools). Our sampling resulted in 62 fish
species from 22 families and only native species were found.
Data were compared with records from the 1950s, yielding a
conservative estimate of 73 fish species occurring in the park.
There have been several plans to dam the River Gambia but the
most recent one suggests construction of hydroelectric power
plant at Sambangalou, on the Senegal-Guinea border. Significant
effects on the hydrology of the river having wide ecological
consequences along the entire stretch of the River Gambia are
expected. Lake Turkana is located in the Great Rift Valley in
arid northwestern part of Kenya and it is world's largest
permanent alkaline desert lake, forming with its only permanent
inlet, the Omo River, a closed-basin. Most of fish species
occuring in Turkana Lake belong to Nilo-Sudaninan fish
assemblage and only 13 species are endemic. Our sampling took
place over three years (2008-2010) at eight sites throught the
lake. Our effort resulted in 48 species from 19 families, three
of which were recorded in Turkana Lake for the first time.
According to latest publications it can be estimated that the
Turkana basin is inhabited by 67 fish species. Turkana Lake
fish assemblages will be soon influenced by ongoing
construction of huge Gibe III dam of the only permanent inlet
River Omo. Mostly affected species appear to be those dependent
with reproduction on seasonal floods in Omo delta.


Technical observations are presented on certain emulsified asphalt treated mixes (ETM) used as treated bases and surface treatment in the Arizona/New Mexico area of the Southwest. ETM's fit well within the restrictive factors related to energy and ecoloy; other cost advantages are also discussed. Minimal attention to control in the production of aggregates leads to inevitable problems in subsequent mix application; improved inspection is needed. The observation is made that current sand equivalent design minima may prove conservative, and work with marginal aggregates is reported. Work has been done in arid areas without use of mix water for dispersal of emulsion binder. The core drill has been used in some projects and diametral resilient modulus observations have provided field substantiation of anticipated changes in the stiffness of the pavement. The importance of observing aged pavement stiffness, and improved voids/voids filled relationship is poninted out. Observations are also made regarding open-graded aggregates, and the isolation of ETM's in the treated base field.


As in human cells, yeast telomeres can be maintained in cells lacking telomerase activity by recombination‐based mechanisms known as ALT (Alternative Lengthening of Telomeres). A hallmark of ALT human cancer cells are extrachromosomal telomeric DNA elements called C‐circles, whose origin and function have remained unclear. Here, we show that extrachromosomal telomeric C‐circles in yeast can be detected shortly after senescence crisis and concomitantly with the production of survivors arising from "type II" recombination events. We uncover that C‐circles bind to the nuclear pore complex (NPC) and to the SAGA‐TREX2 complex, similar to other non‐centromeric episomal DNA. Disrupting the integrity of the SAGA/TREX2 complex affects both C‐circle binding to NPCs and type II telomere recombination, suggesting that NPC tethering of C‐circles facilitates formation and/or propagation of the long telomere repeats characteristic of type II survivors. Furthermore, we find that disruption of the nuclear diffusion barrier impairs type II recombination. These results support a model in which concentration of C‐circles at NPCs benefits type II telomere recombination, highlighting the importance of spatial coordination in ALT‐type mechanisms of telomere maintenance.


A field trial was carried out to evaluate the effect of enhanced supplementation of Vitamin A,E and organic trace minerals on reproductive viability of goats under field condition.14 female non cyclic goats, 9-12 months age belonging to farmer groups of Bihar running under the Bihar rural livelihood promotion society (BRLPS) were supplemented by bolus beta 4 vet manufactured by (Hester Biosciences Ltd.) @ 1 bolus orally per day for 10 days. The goats were reared non intensively with feeding and grazing as per farmers usual practice. The study revealed that supplementation of bolus Beta 4 vet resulted in 79% of goats coming in heat with conception of 29% of the animals in the supplemented group. From the present study it is concluded that the supplementation of Beta 4 vet increased percent of animals coming to heat and subsequently the conception rate of animals helping in better reproductive outcomes in animals under field condition.


Two neurosecretory centers, nucleus preopticus (NPO) and nucleus lateralis tuberis (NLT), are distinguished in the hypothalamus of Clarias batrachus L. The cell bodies of NPO are grouped into nucleus preopticus magnocellularis (NPM) and nucleus preopticus parvocellularis (NPP). The NLT is recognised into three divisions: pars rostralis, pars medialis and pars ventrolateralis. The neurons of both the NLT and NPO are aldehyde-fuchsin (AF) positive. The axons from NPO run into four or five bundles ventrolaterally and caudally for some distance before all of them from either side join ventromedially into a single thick cord of neurosecretory fibers which finally enters the pars intermedia to form the neurointermediate lobe. The fibers from NLT, which are separate from the neurosecretory fibers of the NPO, anastomose in the region of the pars distalis. The neurosecretory material (NSM) of NPO is transported by axonal route whereas that of NLT is by axonal as well as ependymovascular pathways.

Hypophysectomy results in the increase of AF-positive material in the neurons of NPO shortly after the operation, but later on, the material begins to deplete in them. The AF-positive material at the cut end of neurosecretory fibers, however, accumulates. The AF-positive material in the cell bodies of NLT is also depleted, but the nuclei increase in size, after hypophysectomy.


This study intends to investigate the status of research terms used in Afan Oromo in terms of their standardized level. From the researchers' observation, it was found that students were using different terms when they write a proposal or the report of their thesis. Having this, the major objective of this research is to survey the research terms used in doing both action and basic research in Afan Oromo in Jimma, Haramaya, and Addis Ababa universities based on English research terms. However, the collected data were limited to the third year Afan Oromo and literature students who had taken research courses and teachers in the department. Moreover, samples of previous research works of graduated students from the department were analyzed. Thus, instruments like questionnaire, interview, focused group discussion and written document analysis were used to collect data from the primary and secondary sources. Then, the collected data were organized, analyzed and presented quantitatively and qualitatively. According to the interpretation made based on the data analyzed there is a significant variation in using research terms of Afan Oromo by the teachers and students of target universities. Terms or phrases are not used in standard forms. As a result, there are practical problems like communication gap in research dissemination, students' confusions, teachers' disagreement, and misunderstanding of ideas, low quality of research output and unreadable report, as well as inconsistent research format. Finally, the researchers proposed using standard research handouts and manuals as well as working together at central level as key solutions to overcome the problems.


We discuss the role of the optical coherence tomography (OCT) in the diagnosis of challenging macular disorders through the presentation of four clinical cases. The first example describes a case of photic maculopathy secondary to uncomplicated cataract surgery. The OCT revealed a hyporeflective space (a 'partial-thickness hole') and was particularly useful to make the correct diagnosis and follow the spontaneous disease progression. The second example describes a case of posttraumatic photoreceptor disruption. The OCT showed a focal disruption of the inner segment/outer segment junction in the foveal region and was a very useful tool in the diagnosis. The third example describes a case of spontaneous retinal pigmented epithelium rip in nonexudative age-related macular degeneration in which OCT was very useful to exclude choroidal neovascularization and visualize the retinal pigmented epithelium rip. The fourth example shows the usefulness of OCT for diagnosis and follow-up of the vitelliform macular dystrophy preclinical stage: in this phase there is initially a thicker and more reflective appearance of the Verhoeff's membrane.


This animal being so much a stranger to our nation; and its inward organs, at least some, so odd, and remarkable; I am willing to deliver my observations of it.


ABSTRACT Aytis is a central component of Kazakh oral literature. It is a duelling performance of improvised oral poetry between two aqins (poets, or bards) accompanying themselves on the dombra, a two-stringed plucked instrument. This article analyses contending issues in a transnational aytis between Chinese and Kazakhstani aqins, and explores how gender plays into the complex interplay of transnational identity politics, nationalism, performer positionality, and the preservation of intangible cultural heritage. This article argues that, though minority actors are subject to state-patronized national projects and the gender paradigms those projects entail, they can also obtain empowerment from performing tradition as a way to legitimize their status as culture producers and flexible citizens. Situated as the guardians of a constructed gender balance in society, women performers of oral tradition occasionally find themselves with opportunities to transgress the boundaries of their national and gender norms.


Accordingly, a close correlation exists between the relative toxicity of these drugs and their relative potencies in vivo with respect to the hepatic shift. By comparing the results obtained in vitro with those in vivo, a major discrepancy is noted. Stibocaptate which had proved to be far less active than tartar emetic in the mouse, was seen to supersede it in vitro. Explanations for this observation probably lie in the fact that the drug fails to reach the worm in vivo in an effective concentration. This is possibly due to metabolism of the drug prior to contact with the worm or because it is rapidly excreted from the body. It may thus be wrong to assume that stibocaptate is less potent than tartar emetic, merely on the grounds of their in vivo activities without considering the in vitro aspect. The activity ratios as seen in the mouse may vary when other animals, and undoubtedly man, are considered. Moreover, the therapeutic usefulness of these drugs will depend more on their therapeutic ratios than merely on their effectiveness in vivo. In assessing the value of antimonials experimentally at least, both in vivo and in vitro testing should therefore be carried out.


In the Future Unmanned Combat System, the Stabilization performance is impormance is important for taking the target image from the CCD or the Infraed camera. For improving the performance the stabilization system is using a dual gimbal structure. In the dual gimbal structure, there are different the inertia and friction of external gimbal and inner gimbal, so a panoramic mode is hard to be driven and syncronized


Abstract Research on the targeted enforcement of weapons and drug offenses suggests that policies and street-level decisions around those offenses may play a role in disproportionate minority involvement with the justice system. Little research has directly examined the relative influence of these types of offenses on juvenile justice decisions. The analyses were completed using official case records from police agencies (n = 11) and juvenile courts (n = 6) as well as data from focus groups (n = 8) and key informant interviews (n = 56) conducted with personnel in those agencies. The quantitative data used here comprise records from 87,983 cases with measures of youth socio-demographics, case characteristics, offense type, and key juvenile court outcomes. The findings suggest that, although the effects of race as well as weapons and drug-offenses vary across outcome decisions and with the introduction of controls for other relevant factors, race-based disparities often persist in multivariate models. Qualitative data analysis finds that system actors tend to see the weapons and drug offense-based disparities emerging from structural conditions that are often mediated by culture and differential offending. Together, these findings offer important points of departure for further research and discussion of practical responses to disproportionate minority contact for the benefit of youth, communities, and the system itself.


The convergence properties of the conjugate gradient method are discussed in relation to relaxation methods and Chebyshev accelerated Jacobi iteration when applied to the solution of large sets of linear equations which have a sparse, symmetric and positive definite coefficient matrix. The conclusion is reached that its convergence rate is unlikely to be much worse than these methods, and may be considerably better. The conjugate gradient method may either be applied to the basic unscaled or scaled equations or alternatively to various transformed equations. Preconditioning, block elimination and partial elimination methods of transforming equations are considered, and some comparative tests given for six problems.


The final destination of this survey is that making a standard of Urban structure after setting up some elements of city with super-tall buildings and revealing characteristic of those elements in terms of urban structure. This is a precedent study of the survey. The main purpose of this study is that setting up element of urban structure near super-tall buildings.


SUMMARY Drug delivery to the brain is hindered by the presence of the blood-brain barrier. Transcranial focused ultrasound has emerged as a technique to temporarily increase the permeability of the blood-brain barrier and promote drug delivery to the brain. We used two-photon microscopy to evaluate the changes in vascular permeability following focused ultrasound in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. We demonstrate that plaque-coated vessels in the transgenic mice are less permeable after focused ultrasound than in non-transgenic animals. The differences in permeability may be due to an inability of the plaque-burdened vessels to dilate after focused ultrasound treatment. INTRODUCTION Transcranial focused ultrasound (FUS) can cause transient, localized increases in bloodbrain barrier (BBB) permeability for effective drug delivery to the brain. In pre-clinical models of Alzheimer's disease (AD), FUS has successfully delivered therapeutic agents and endogenous therapeutic molecules to the brain, leading to plaque reduction and improved behaviour. However, questions remain about how the compromised vasculature in AD responds to FUS. Here, we used two-photon microscopy to study changes in FUS-mediated BBB permeability in TgCRND8 mice and their non-Tg littermates. EXPERIMENTAL METHODS Transgenic and non-transgenic mice (aged six – eight months) were used in this study. Transgenic mice show symptoms associated with Alzheimer's disease including the formation of amyloid plaques, neuronal loss and cognitive decline. Prior to the experiment, Methoxy-X04 was injected intraperitoneally 24 hours prior to the experiment and was used to visualize the amyloid in vivo. Dextran-conjugated Texas Red labeled the vasculature. BBB permeability was confirmed as leakage of Texas Red into the extravascular space. Two photon microscopy was performed using the FV1000MPE two-photon laser scanning microscope (Olympus) using a modelocked Ti-Sapphire laser and 810nm excitation wavelength. A custom-built ultrasound transducer was attached to the skull, covering a cranial window. FUS was applied at 1.2MHz (10ms pulses, 1 Hz pulse repetition frequency, 120s total duration), in the presence of 0.04ml/kg custom microbubble preparation. Permeability analysis was performed using Matlab. Leakage analysis was performed using Image J. Non-transgenic Transgenic Permeability constant 0.014 ± 0.008 min -1 0.006 ± 0.004 min Table 1: Permeability constants were calculated using a published algorithm, which quantifies the fluorescent dye in the extravascular regions from maximum intensity projection images. The BBB was significantly less permeable in transgenic mice than the non-transgenic controls after FUS. **p<0.01. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION BBB leakage occurred in transgenic and nontransgenic mice at similar acoustic pressures but with different leakage kinetics. The transgenic mice exhibited slow leakage significantly more often than their non-transgenic littermates, an observation that was quantitatively verified by a much smaller permeability constant (Table 1). The corresponding increase in vessel diameter following FUS was reduced in plaque-coated vessels indicating that different mechanisms may be responsible for FUS-induced BBB permeability in transgenic mice (Figure 1). Figure 1. A) The diameters of vessels were measured prior to leakage. B) At the time of leakage, we observed a corresponding increase in vessel diameter. C) When analyzed in Tg mice, it was found that vessels containing plaque had a significantly reduced change in diameter following FUS (*p<0.05).


Vici syndrome is a rapidly progressive, neurological disease of childhood. It is associated with complete agenesis of the corpus collasum, occulocutaneous albinism, immunodeficiency, cardiomyopathy and neuromuscular defects. This a case report of non identical twins who presented with failure to thrive, seizures, developmental delay associated with albinism, absent corpus collasum, and recurrent infections.


A compound (1), [H2-(4,4'-bipy)]2+[(Cr2O7)]2- and a metal organic-inorganic coordination framework (2), [Mn(4,4'-bipy)(Cr2O77)(H2O)2] (4,4'-bipy=4,4' -bipyridine) were successfully synthesized by microwave method. Their characterization was performed by single crystal X-ray crystallography and FT-IR spectroscopy. The crystal structure of 1 revealed a diprotonated 4,4'-bipyridium dichromate compound while compound 2 is an onedimensional (1D) polymer in which (Cr2O7)2- acts as a bridging ligand supporting the formation of infinite {[Mn(4,4'-bipy)(Cr2O7)(H2O)2]}n polymeric chains. The geometry of the 4,4'-bipy ring in 1 is typical coplanar, but twists in 2. In the free molecule 1, dichromate ligand adopts an eclipsed conformation, but adopts a staggered conformation in complex. The principal features of the crystal supramolecularity of 1 and 2 are non-covalent weak interactions which occurred via N-H...O and C-H...O hydrogen bonding.


The microstructure of high vanadium and cobalt high speed steel (high-V/Co HSS) and the morphology of its carbides were analyzed by optical microscope (OM), scanning electron microscope (SEM), electron probe microanalysis ( EPMA), X-ray power diffraction (XRD), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and single phase erosion (SPE). The results suggest that the as-sprayed high-V/Co HSS has fine equiaxed grains (about 20 μm in size), which were homogeneously distributed. The carbides have two classical morphologies: one is fine panicles (about 2 μm in size) distributed along the grain boundaries and the other is needle-like one, distributed on the grain boundaries. There are MC carbides, M_2C carbides, M_6C carbides and Cr_2WC_2 carbides in the as-sprayed high-V/Co HSS samples, however, in the as-cast high-V/Co HSS, there are MC carbides and Cr_2WC_2 carbides only. The SPE results show that there are two types of MC carbides in the as-sprayed HSS: the sphere one and the particle-like one. The former is about 2 μm in size and the latter is less than 1 μm, dispersed inside the grains, quite different from the MC carbides in the as-cast HSS. According to the AFM results, the skeleton-like M_6C carbides of the as-sprayed high-V/Co HSS are embedded in the matrix along the grain boundaries It is found that there are sharp membrane pieces on the carbides. Some small bamboo-shoot-like MC carbides grow from the matrix and are dispersed inside the grain. Those larger MC carbides are spherical panicles embedded at the grain boundary junctions.


&NA; The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of cultured endothelial cells on angiogenesis in vivo. Endothelial cells obtained from thoracic aorta of male Wistar rats were cultured in thermoresponsive dishes, which are tissue culture polystyrene dishes bound with thermoresponsive poly (N‐isopropylacrylamide). Using the thermoresponsive dishes, a confluent layer of endothelial cells can be detached as an intact sheet by low temperature treatment. The obtained sheets of cultured endothelial cells were grafted to 3 X 3 cm full‐thickness skin defects that had been made on the backs of rats in combination with either free skin grafts or artificial dermis grafts. Histologic examinations were performed. The findings showed that, with each of the grafting procedures, the number of vessels in a unit area (1.0 X 10‐4 mm2) was significantly larger in the group with transplantation of cultured endothelial cells. This result suggests that the cultured vascular endothelial cells exert an angiogenic effect at the graft site. (Plast. Reconstr. Surg. 101: 1552, 1998.)


This talk focuses on an initiative to engage freshman in valuing diversity.  With a required freshman engineering curriculum that includes eight team projects, this initiative sought to educate students about the connections between valuing diversity and effective teams.  This talk will outline the motivation, approach, materials, and feedback on impact.


Achieving a successful aging and healthy depends not only on the elderly and their families, but also on the institutions and the gerontological team, so this is a topic that is emerging and relevant in recent decades. important because in old age increases vulnerability, disability, diseases and dependence towards other people in subjects who do not take necessary measures for active aging. In this sense, it is essential that the health sector develops programs and actions that promote good aging in order to improve the quality of life in old age. Therefore, the objective of this study was to analyze the professional nursing performance of active aging in the elderly in the IESS Hospital Jipijapa, the source of information was secondary since it was based on data collection to 56 elderly patients by means of surveys, prior informed consent, in addition to an interview with the professional involved. The study variables were professional performance and active aging. As a conclusion it was obtained that the attention provided to the elderly by the nursing staff was qualified as a very good and excellent quality care and warmth, the workshops help the elderly to develop recreational and mental health activities that result beneficial in the active aging of the elderly.


In the article the most important (strategic) activities of law enforcement agencies of the USA in fight against organized crime are considered. The USA has the effective system of legal measures and a wealth of experience in area of fight against organized crime that has a huge theoretical and practical value.


In this work we demonstrated a tunable planar inverted-F antenna (PIFA) for the correction of impedance mismatch resulting from the resonant frequency shift in the usage of mobile phones due to human hand effects. The tunable PIFA has a tuning line with electrical path to the ground plate through an RF MEMS switch and loading capacitor. By changing the switch status, the resonant frequency of the PIFA can be tuned with the loading capacitance value. The characteristics of the tunable PIFA with different positions of tuning line and value of loading capacitance have been evaluated. A metal-to-metal direct-contact-type RF MEMS switch has been used for tuning the resonant frequency of the capacitor-loaded PIFA, which is piezoelectrically actuated with low actuation voltage. The insertion loss of the RF MEMS switch was measured to be −0.23 dB at 2 GHz with an applied DC bias of 2.5 V. The isolation of the switch was −42.5 dB at 2 GHz. The resonant frequency of the PIFA shifted from 842 to 762 MHz by turning the switch on. The characteristics of the tunable PIFA were measured in the presence of a phantom hand, to show the feasibility of correcting the resonant frequency shift by human hand effects. When the switch was on, the resonant frequency of the PIFA shifted from 762 to 690 MHz, and this was attributed to the phantom hand effect. Turning the switch off caused the PIFA to recover its original resonant frequency with the phantom hand. The measured resonant frequency of the PIFA with the switch off was 760 MHz with the phantom hand and the return loss at the resonant frequency was −22 dB.


In general, photovoltaic (PV) plants do not include components with moving parts and, as a consequence, they are wrongly considered maintenance-free. Thus, this article presents a maintenance, reliability, and availability analysis of ten PV systems, with different inverter configurations, in the context of the intermittent renewable energy source systems, including the wind farms. The first part of the analysis consists of the evaluation of reliability using failure rates from the literature. In the second part, these results are compared with data obtained from industrial maintenance reports in the years 2016–2018. Finally, the yearly energy losses and the availability of each PV plant are assessed.


The coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic significantly affected different life aspects, including healthcare communities and academic institutes. We aimed to assess the level of stress and risk factors among medical students and interns during the COVID-19 pandemic in the setting of the middle east respiratory syndrome -CoV endemic area. A questionnaire-based cross-sectional study was conducted on a randomly selected sample of medical students and interns. The questionnaire was anonymously self-administered to indicate perceive hygienic practice change, importance of viral prevention domestic hygiene, perceive adequacy of received information, perceived agreement to facilitators to alleviate covid stress, selfreported stress level, and generalized anxiety disorder score. A total of 322 returned the questionnaire (69.7% response rate). Participants had good knowledge regarding severe acute respiratory syndrome -CoV2 in multiple aspects, with an average score of 13.8 out of 14. Two-thirds (62.4%) of the students experienced mild anxiety, (23.9%) had moderate anxiety, (6.8%) had clinically high anxiety level, and another (6.8%) had a clinically very high anxiety level. The stress level, as reported by the respondents (on a 1-10 scale), showed a correlation with the Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale. We observed an increased level of social avoidance and hygienic practice facilitated by availability of hand sanitizers. Majority of the students receive information regarding COVID-19 from reliable and official resources Most students reported mild to moderate levels of anxiety, and was associated with enhancement of their universal precaution measures. The availability of alcohol-based hand sanitizers and the off-campus study were great relievers. The importance of reliable pandemic resources in educating students during pandemics is emphasized. Furthermore, this study indicate the importance of students' support services to address mental health and students' wellbeing in the era of pandemics. Abbreviations: COVID-19 = coronavirus disease of 2019, GAD-7 = general anxiety disorder 7-item, HCW = healthcare workers, MERS = middle east respiratory syndrome, MOH = Ministry of Health, SARS = severe acute respiratory syndrome, WHO = World health organization.


Stocking, George W., ed. Volksgeist as Method and Ethic: Essays on Boasian Ethnography and the German Anthropological Tradition. (History of Anthropology, Vol. 8). Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1996. viii + 349 pp. including index. $27.50 cloth. Wilk, Richard R. Economies and Cultures: Foundations of Economic Anthropology. Boulder: Westview Press, 1996. xviii + 189 pp. including appendix, bibliography and index. $49.00 cloth, $15.95 paper. Narotzky, Susana. New Directions in Economic Anthropology. London: Pluto Press, 1997. x + 253 pp. including bibliography and index. $54.95 cloth, $23.94 paper. Gregory, C. A. Savage Money: The Anthropology and Politics of Commodity Exchange. Amsterdam: Harwood Academic Publishers, 1997. xvi + 333 pp. including bibliography and index. $72.00 cloth, $30.00 paper.


OBJECTIVE
The apolipoprotein E (APOE) epsilon4 allele is a well-established factor associated with age-related macular degeneration (AMD). This disorder is characterized by a typical progressive central visual impairment. Our aim was to study further the relationship of the APOE genotype associated with AMD.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
We evaluated a group of 95 patients with AMD and 65 controls. The APOE genotype for each participant in the study was determined.

RESULTS
The allele was associated with age-related macular degeneration (OR = 5.6; 95% CI = 3.4-8.8 ; p < 0.001). Female patients with at least one epsilon4 allele had a significantly earlier age at diagnosis (epsilon4+ = 72.2 S.D. 5.1; epsilon4- = 78.8 +/- 5.7; p < 0.001).

CONCLUSIONS
The APOE epsilon4 allele is not a protective factor for AMD, but is associated with an increased risk of its development.


The Covid-19 outbreak in Indonesia has wreaked havoc on the financial market, causing turbulence in the stock market. One industry that did not endure instability was the telecommunications subsector due to government initiatives connected to online learning and office tasks performed on a Work From Home (WFH) basis, which increased internet usage during online learning and WFH. Online learning and office activities carried out on a Work From Home (WFH) basis have increased the sector's profitability and breathed new life into the world of stock investment. When purchasing stocks, an investor always seeks to generate a profit. The profitability ratio reveals the profitability of the business. Profitability and investment decisions are linked as a result of a budget plan and profit forecast. This study aims to model telecommunications subsector companies' profitability on the Indonesian stock exchange using panel data regression analysis. The panel data regression analysis mixes cross-section data and time series data in which the same cross-section unit is sampled at various times. Therefore, investors must be aware of the profitability of the subsector of the telecommunications industry to make an investment decision. This research will generate a model of the profitability of subsector enterprises in the telecommunications industry. Based on the R square value of 0.8752, the results of this study indicate that ln equity, inflation, CR, and DER can explain 87.52% of the variation in ROA. In comparison, the remaining 12.48% is impacted by factors not included in the model.


Increasing population growth and water demand for various purposes such as irrigation, domestic and industrial production in many parts of the Kurdistan Region is causing deficit in fresh water and rising groundwater dependence. Drilling many deep wells in the area unsystematically and continuously increased pumping water from groundwater reservoirs results in lowering of water table. Therefore, it is essential to assess the management of water resources. The study focuses on the groundwater modeling for the Qushtapa District plain area in particular under steady state flow conditions. The aquifer was simulated under unconfined condition and is represented by a single layer of 100 m thickness. MODPATH was used to measure contamination track lines and travel times. This approach involved the introduction of particles at sources of contaminants in the wells and the recharge area, then the identification of the path lines and the determination of the special distribution of contaminants through steady state flow conditions. The simulation of the groundwater head shows that the groundwater head starts from the northeastern part of the plain and decreases towards Lesser Zab River in the south of the plain from 420 m to 140 m above sea level. The modeled layer was calibrated under steady state conditions using hydraulic parameters obtained from observation and pumping wells. The calibrated model is effective in producing steady-state groundwater head distribution and good compliance with observed data. The standard error was estimated as 4.88 m, the normalized root mean square error is 8.3% and the residual mean is 15.79 m. The results of the forward tracking show the source of potential pollutants from the recharge area after different travel time, the particles released at the northern boundary travels to the center and the western part toward the pollution sources. The results of the backward tracking show that the particles located in the extraction wells moved toward the recharge area in the north and northeastern part of the study area.


The widespread use of computers in more and more areas of our everyday life and the technological development in computer science as a natural consequence was the creation of algorithms that aim to detect and identify people accurately and monitor them. Such algorithms, are applied mainly in visual surveillance systems and is of vital importance in various areas of everyday life. The subject of this thesis is to implement a detection system using the algorithm Histogram of Oriented Gradient (HOG) as well, sort using Supported Vector Machines and the human tracking in image sequence, using computer vision algorithms such as Particle Filtering algorithm.


Background : Laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) is the standard treatment for acute cholecystitis (AC) and is recommended within 72 hours (early LC, ELC) or six weeks (delayed LC, DLC) of symptom onset. Unfortunately, most patients presented after the 72 hours and refused initial conservative treatment until DLC. Evidence regarding LC beyond 72 hours (prolonged LC, PLC) is still insufficient. Objectives : This study aimed to compare the outcomes of PLC and DLC in patients with AC 72 hours. Patients and Methods : This trial included all patients treated with LC for AC after 72 hours of symptom onset. The patients were randomly divided into two groups according to the time of LC. After admission, PLC was performed as soon as possible, and DLC was postponed for at least six weeks after the initial conservative treatment. Results : 354 patients were randomized into two groups. The overall morbidity was significantly lower in the PLC group. The mean length of the total hospital stays and duration of total antibiotic therapy was significantly shorter in the PLC group. The median total cost was significantly lower in the PLC group. In addition, PLC significantly promoted the early return to work. However, the mean operative time was significantly shorter in the DLC group. The groups had no significant differences in the conversion rate or complications. Conclusions: PLC for AC after 72 hours of symptom onset is safe and associated with lower overall morbidity, shorter total hospital stay, shorter total antibiotic duration, reduced total cost, and fewer lost workdays than DLC.


This paper analyzes the need for a new type of steam generator to service the needs of steam users in the 200,000 to 350,000 lb/hr range. The paper begins with a review of the history of ``package`` steam generators and the practical limitations leading to their design. The effect of emission regulations, electrical operating costs, and the evolving applications in which package boilers are being applied are analyzed. The need for a new type of boiler is itemized, followed by details of the developmental process and characteristics of the design. Field operational data followed by a performance and cost comparison to existing boilers is presented. The results illustrate that the series of hybrid boilers, developed specifically to address the needs of the 1990`s, dramatically outperform traditional package boilers yet still offer a substantial total cost advantage over the traditional field erected boiler.


Objective:To observe the effect of ginkgolides and insulin on the learning and memorizing abilities of Alzheimer disease-like(AD-like)rats.Methods:AD-like model was established by injecting okadaic acid(OA)into hippocampal CA1 region of rats.Then,the rats were divided randomly into three groups:model group(MG,did not receive treatment),ginkgolide group(GG,received treatment of ginkgolide),and combination group(CG,received treatment of ginkgolide plus insulin).Ginkgolide was given orally and insulin was injected into the lateral ventricle of the brain.The learning and memorizing abilities of rats were assessed with Morris Water Maze behavioral test.The spontaneous discharge in hippocampus of the rats was observed.Results:Compared with normal rats,the model rats average escape latency was prolonged in place navigation test(P0.05 or P0.01),and their swimming time in the third quadrant in spatial probe test shortened.The times of platform-traversing decreased after the platform was removed(P0.01);The discharge frequency of hippocampus neurons reduced significantly(P0.001),and the forms of discharge were also changed.Compared with rats in MG,the average escape latency was shortened(P0.05),the swimming time in the third quadrant prolonged,the times of platform-traversing increased,and the discharge frequency of hippocampus neurons increased significantly(P0.05)in the rats of GG and CG.Compared with rats in GG,the average escape latency was shortened(P0.05),the swimming time in third quadrant prolonged,the times of platform-traversing increased,and the discharge frequency of hippocampus neurons increased significantly(P0.05)in rats of CG.Conclusions:Combination of ginkgolides and insulin are more effective than ginkgolides only to Alzheimer's disease in experimental rats.


Canadians spent $14.7 billion on drugs in 2000, an increase of about 10% over the previous year, the Canadian Institute for Health Information (CIHI) reports. And while the makers of brand-name drugs say this isn't necessarily a bad thing, the companies that make generic drugs say rising prices and


The practical aesthetics of LI Ze-hou at the late stage has changed significantly from orientation of instrumental noumenon at the early stage to orientation of psychological noumenon.Especially he put forward the construction of emotional noumenon.In the aesthetics of LI Ze-hou the practical Utopia of early stage has been in place of emotional Utopia of late stage.LI's emotional noumenon still insists on the subjective course of the practical aesthetics and stance of ideological philosophy,and its weakness lies within it.In order to disengage from the living dilemma,the human race needs a spiritual home indeed.The spiritual home is the aesthetic Utopia.The aesthetic Utopia is on the basis of existential ontology.It not only transcends the oppositeness of subjectivity and objectivity,but also the oppositeness of ideological aesthetics and physical aesthetics.Aesthetics is a kind of free living and transcendental living experience;it embodies the ultimate pursuits of transcending the reality;it can set up a spiritual home in the modern society which abounds in materials and lacks of spirit.That is the reason why the contemporary philosophy is on the way to aestheticism.


Isostructural orthorhombic oxides of the general formula (Mo,V,Te,Sb,Nb,Ta)Oₓ are an important class of solids, which are interesting as catalysts for oxidation of light alkanes. We investigated relations between the electronic properties of MoV-oxide (orthorhombic M1 phase) and its catalytic performance in the oxidation of ethane, propane, and n-butane. Operando conductivity and permittivity measurements were performed and complemented by near-ambient-pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. In contrast to the n-type MoVTeNb-oxide, MoV-oxide showed p-type semiconducting behavior. The conductivity of the sample adapted sensitively to the surrounding atmosphere, not only to alkane chain lengths but also to reactant conversion levels. However, no measurable change in band bending depending on the alkane chain length was observed, indicating that the gas-phase-dependent surface potential barrier, which controls the charge transfer between reactants and catalyst, is less pronounced or missing in dry alkane oxidation feeds. The addition of steam in propane oxidation led to a decrease of its conductivity and work function. Steam significantly influenced the surface layer on MoV-oxide, resulting in an enrichment of covalently bonded V⁵⁺ species and surface hydroxylation. A small change in the surface potential barrier induced by wet propane oxidation feed can contribute to a modification of the bulk–surface charge transfer and improved selectivity to acrylic acid.


Concerning anticancer evaluation of methanolic extract of Suaeda fruticosa arial parts demonstrated the utmost anticancer activity with IC 50 value of 50 μg/ml against human lung carcinoma (LU-1), the same extract displayed a preeminent activity with IC 50 ≥ 50 μg/ml against hormone dependent prostrate carcinoma (LnCaP). The analyzed root extract exhibited IC 50 ≤ 65 μg/ml against hormone dependent prostrate carcinoma (LnCaP) whereas, the same extract demonstrated IC 50 ≤ 55 μg/ml against human lung carcinoma (LU-1). The highest content of total phenolic (0.52-0.67 mg gallic acid equiv./g) and total flavonoids (0.44 mg/g D/W) content was detected in the arial part of  Suaeda fruticosa .  MIC value of 50-85 μg ml −1 has been observed gainst Aspergillus fumigates, Aspergillus niger, Fusarium solani and Mucor sp in comparision with 1-2.5μg/ml of Terbinafine used as a standard fungicide. MIC value of 80 μg/ml and 35 μg ml −1 of Suaeda fruticosa arial parts and root extract against bacterial pathogen Klebsiella pneumonia and 50 and 90 μg ml −1 against Enterococcus has been measured. DPPH radical scavenging activity of Suaeda fruticosa with IC 50 values of ≤ 100 μg/ml and ≤ 50 μg ml −1 was observed whereas, hydrogen peroxide scavenging activity with IC 50 values of ≤ 12.5 μg/ml for arial parts and ≤ 25 μg ml −1 for the root extract of Suaeda fruticosa has been shown with galllic acid (R2= 0.819) and ascorbic acid (R2= 0.728). These data suggested that the methanolic extract of  Suaeda fruticosa could be potential candidates for natural antioxidants and anticancer. The findings demonstrated the remarkable potentiality of Suaeda fruticosa as valuable source of antioxidant and anticancer capacities.


The early Carboniferous (Mississippian) sedimentary succession of the Montagne Noire is subdivided into three major lithostratigraphic units, in ascending order the Montagne Noire Griotte Group (Devonian to Early Tournaisian), the Tournaisian to Viséan Saint-Nazaire Group (with the Lydiennes, Faugères, Colonnes, and Puech Capel Formations, the latter new), and the Laurens Flysch Group (late Viséan). The ammonoid assemblages in these rock units are reviewed. A total of 29 Early Carboniferous ammonoid taxa at species level are determined. The new genus Nigrocyclus n. gen., and the new species Gattendorfia nazairensis n. sp., Globimitoceras albaillei n. sp., and Neogoniatites canovasi n. sp. are described. Schlüsselwörter: Ammonoidea, Karbon, Montagne Noire, Biostratigraphie, Lithostratigraphie.


25.5% of all African descendants in Colombia reside in the city of Cali representing 26% of the total population of the city. In this way, Cali is one of the cities with the highest Afro-Colombian population in the country. The city has been the principal center of attraction for migrant populations from the South Pacific Coast of Colombia in which the Afro-Colombian population is prevalent. These regions are the poorest in the country. Informal vending in Cali is carried out primarily by rural and/or internally displaced migrants. In this paper, I am interested in finding out if Afro-Colombians endure a higher marginality and discrimination rate as street vendors than the self-identified mestizos and white or if, on the contrary, both groups face similar levels of discrimination. Thus, I intend to find out if black bodies are marked by discourses of undesirability and crime in public spaces in Cali. Additionally, informal street vending is understood by urban scholars as well as the government of Cali as a class struggle. This understanding effectively deracializes the informal vending landscape, while also reifying the invisibility of black racialized bodies in equality discourses. Many authors claim that the current problem in Colombia of recognizing the diverse racial composition of informal vendors and understanding these struggles only through class impedes a well thought out discernment of the social and economic realities faced by racialized bodies in public spaces.


PURPOSE
In the present study the time course of local bone formation following the application of PRP during implant placement was evaluated histomorphometrically and histologically.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
The mandibular premolars of 12 adult minipigs were removed surgically and 72 sites were prepared for implant placement. Before the implants (MK III, Replace, and MK III TiUnite) were placed, autogenous PRP (8 x 10(5) to 10 x 10(5) platelets/microL) was instilled into the host sites on the left side. The animals were sacrificed at 3, 6, and 12 weeks, and undecalcified ground sections were prepared.

RESULTS
The histomorphometric evaluation showed significantly more bone-to-implant contact after topical PRP application in the early healing phase (6 weeks), which varied as a function of the distance from the implant surface (controls = 24.2% versus PRP = 44.21%; P = .013). At 12 weeks, the extent of osteoneogenesis was comparable in the 2 groups (controls = 51.3% versus PRP = 44.2%; P = .251). Statistical analysis revealed no significant interaction between implant surface type and PRP.

DISCUSSION
Topical PRP application significantly increased the activity of bone regeneration at implant host sites during early healing.

CONCLUSION
In the present study PRP was found to have a time- and site-dependent effect on peri-implant bone healing.


Among the emerging issues concerning longer‐term intellectual property (IP) developments belongs the relationship between IP rights and environmental degradation. Looking back at the relations between IP and possible transfers of environmentally sound technologies (ESTs), indeed not very much has been said about IP in the climate context – until recently, before the COP 15 in Copenhagen 2009, where many and strong arguments were put forward from developing countries to limit the patentability of climate‐related patents and to open up the WTO Agreement on Trade‐Related Aspect of Intellectual Property rights (TRIPS). There may be good reasons for opening up TRIPS, but this is not so easy, and it is doubtful whether the negotiations on climate change are the right forum. TRIPS says little about environmental concerns. Thus, any agreement on IP and climate change seems to be better placed in the UN than in the WTO, which does not contradict future cooperation on related matters.


A sample of 191 sports marketing students responded to a survey that focused on issues germane to attending sports marketing field trips.  The results indicate that there is an understanding that these types of events are important to those seeking a career in the sports marketing industry. This study examines expectations on the part of two segments: students who attended at least one event and students who attended none of the five field trips scheduled for the 2016-17 academic year.  The results indicate that the primary reason students did not attend is a scheduling conflict.  It also delineates the benefits that the attendees feel they received while also identifying the singular most important benefit (gaining new insight). Students who attended also indicated in which of several proactive behaviors they engaged during and after the event.  It concludes with an assessment of their own decision to either attend or to not take advantage of the field trip opportunities presented by their sports marketing professors.


The development of motoring has increased life quality and pace. As a result, not only cities but also smaller towns and villages with roads face transportation challenges. The fundamental problem in smaller towns and villages is to ensure road safety at pedestrian crossings on through roads. The guidelines of road building recommend to introduce traffic calming devices at places where traffic enters a built-up area, to reduce speeds at the entry of a city or village. Chicanes curve the trajectory of traffic and consequently cause speed reduction. The authors conducted a series of speed measurements in free and continuous traffic flow conditions on major local roads with different types of road chicanes. For each case, additional data regarding road characteristics in the vicinity of a chicane were gathered, including the contour of the town visible while approaching the chicane, the distance from the chicane to the nearest buildings in the village, how visible the road continuity behind the chicane was, developments of the greenery and the type of traffic arrangement used. The paper analyses road sections with 70 km/h speed limit before the chicane, as on B-33 road sign. For comparison purposes, speed measurements were also conducted at the entry to the village, where although no chicanes were built, there was B-33 road sign with the speed limit of 70 km/h. The comparative tests aimed at determining whether drivers reduce speed when they see the road sign, because of the chicane or following another determinant. Comparative analysis showed that given B-33 sign (which introduces 70 km/h speed limit) at the entry zone to the town, drivers' speeds significantly exceed 70 km/h in free traffic flow. Even in continuous traffic flow, speeds usually oscillate around 70 km/h. The speeds are significantly lower behind the chicane. The maximum reduction of speed at the entry to the village was achieved for other determinants recorded in the study, including a clearly visible silhouette of the village, closely located houses, a horizontal curve behind the chicane with limited visibility of the further section of the road. >90% of motorists behind the chicane drive with speeds <70 km/h. At the entry zone which was an open space, with a well visible silhouette of the village, with the chicane approximately 200 m away from the nearest houses or at the entry zone covered with forest and poor visibility of the built-up area, 70-77% of motorists behind the chicane drive with speeds <70 km/h. If the access to the town is preceded by a long stretch of straight road section, with poor visibility of the silhouette of the village, only approximately 50% of drivers enter the village with speeds <70 km/h. Depending on the determinants recorded in the study, motorists in most cases exceed 70 km/h and enter the village with much greater speeds if there is no chicane.


: We here proposed the indirect model reference fuzzy control scheme to control the chaotic attitude of a satellite. This paper adopted Lorenz-type attitude motion .This non- linear chaotic system is modeled as a Takagi–Sugeno (TS) fuzzy system. It was shown that using stable adaption law and model reference method, it is possible to control of chaotic behavior of satellite. Our simulation results have demonstrate that the proposed method can satisfy the control object and enhanced stability as well as ease of tuning.


: While organizations such as Amazon have used machine learning-based algorithms for their hiring processes, diverse employees are not equitably hired due to biased datasets. Current approaches to debias machine learning algorithms are expensive and difficult to implement. This research uses a Generative Adversarial Network (GAN) to debias a multi-class machine learning classifier's prediction of a person's income with respect to their race and gender. First, it is shown that the multi-class classifier, which uses California census data, is biased through a quantitative score and high misclassification rates. Next, taking inspiration from classical GAN architecture, two neural networks are created: a predictive network that takes in a person's features, excluding race and gender, to predict their income; and an adversarial network that infers the person's race and gender from the predictive network. To prove the generalizability of the GAN, the GAN is used to debias a Natural Language Processing (NLP) task: a word vector association task trained on 1,000 random Wikipedia articles. A decrease in bias is observed when the GAN is applied to the multi-class classifier and the word vector association task. The classifier, which originally had p-% of 39% for race and 30% for gender, increased to 76% for race and 82% for gender after applying the GAN. It has been shown that artificial intelligence, more specifically GANs, can be used to decrease the bias in machine learning algorithm outputs; the algorithm can be easily applied to real-world situations such as hiring employees or approving loans.


The paper studies a generalized spherical function, or a generalized Whittaker model for generalized principal series representations of G=Sp(2, R) induced from the Jacobi maximal parabolic subgroup PJ, which is called the Fourier–Jacobi type. In particular, a multiplicity theorem and an explicit formula via the Meijer G‐functions for this function are given.


As one of serial studies on the mechanical properties of spider threads, their amino acid compositions, the microstructure of dragline, the surface tension of the viscid droplet regularly spaced on capture thread and the effect of aqueous environment on the stress-strain curve were investigated. It was shown that (1) the dragline consisted of three layers at least, (2) the surface tension of the viscid droplet was about 65mN/m and (3) the shape of stress-strain curve was fairly affected by aqueous environment surrounding the thread.


Image intensifying cameras have been found to be extremely useful in low-light-level (LLL) scenarios including military night-vision and civilian rescue operations. These sensors utilize the available visible region photons and an amplification process to produce high-contrast imagery. Today's image intensifiers are usually attached to a CCD and incorporate a microchannel plate (MCP) for amplification purposes. These devices are commonly referred to as image intensified CCDs (IICCD). To date, there has not been much work in the area of still-frame, low-light-level simulations with radiometric accuracy in mind. Most work has been geared toward real-time simulations where the emphasis is on situational awareness. This research proposes that a high fidelity simulation environment capable of producing radiometrically correct multi-band imagery for low-light-level conditions can be an extremely useful tool for sensor design engineers and image analysts. The Digital Imaging and Remote Sensing (DIRS) laboratory's Image Generation (DIRSIG) model has evolved to respond to such modeling requirements. The presented work demonstrates a low-light-level simulation environment (DIRSIG) which incorporates man-made secondary sources and exoatmospheric sources such as the moon and starlight. Similarly, a user-defined IICCD camera model has been developed that takes into account parameters such as MTF and noise.


We report on the experimental observation of sideband generation in a passively mode-locked erbium-doped fiber laser. The fiber laser has a conventional ring-cavity configuration for passive mode locking based on nonlinear polarization rotation. Self-starting and stable mode-locking operation is easily achieved in the laser. The output soliton pulses have a duration of about 248 fs and a repetition rate of 13.7 MHz at 1565-nm wavelength. Detailed pulse dynamics of the laser is measured under different operation conditions. Dip-type sidebands are observed on the soliton spectra of the laser, which have clearly different characteristics to those of the conventional Kelly sidebands. The soliton operation of the fiber laser is numerically simulated based on the coupled Ginzburg-Landau equations. The simulation results are consistent with the experimental observations, which confirm that dip-type spectral sidebands can appear on the soliton spectra of a uniform soliton-emission fiber laser.


The objective of this study was to examine the effects of linseed oil on n-6 and n-3 polyunsaturated (PUFA) fatty acid content in the heads of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), these are normally discarded during the filleting process. The quantification of PUFA was carried out in absolute weights through the use of methyl ester (23:0), as an internal standard, and TCFx (theoretical FID correction factor) by GC gas chromatography. Tilapias were given diets with increasing levels (0.00, 1.25, 2.50, 3.75 and 5.00%) of linseed oil as a replacement for sunflower oil (control) for a period of five months. The ingestion of LNA causes sequential desaturation and elongation in fish heads, leading to an increase in all n-3 PUFAs. This experiment demonstrated clearly that adding linseed oil to the feed of Nile tilapia can markedly increase the amounts (per 100 g-1 of head) of LNA (100.8 to 973.6 mg), EPA (4.8 to 82.1 mg), and DHA (24.0 to 125.4 mg) in their heads, and thus, may be used to help balance n-6/n-3 PUFA ratios in dietary supplements, and creating a valuable alternative food source in the human diet.


Insulation level (LIWV 2250 kV) of 1000 kV gas insulated switchgear will be adopted by installing high performance 1000 kV surge arresters. But when temporary overvoltage (TOV) is generated in power systems at line faults and load rejection including Ferranti effects, high performance surge arresters flow discharge current according to the value of TOV. Therefore, it is important to check TOV discharge capability of surge arresters. This paper describes the screening of zinc oxide elements using thermography (thermal uniformity factor) obtained by an infrared radiation camera, with discharge capability of surge arresters for 1000 kV power system.


The use of two arms simplifies manipulatory tasks such as assembly of an object from large parts which cannot be handled by one arm. This paper describes the control method for coordination of two arms. As fundamental tasks, the parallel transfer task and the rotational transfer task are considered. More complex tasks are accomplished by using these two modes simultaneously. The control of motor torque of each joint is adopted instead of joint position control. The wrist force sensor is used in order to measure the interactive force between two arms.


Scaling the feature size of transistor made a remarkable advancement in silicon industry. The demand for power-sensitive design has grown significantly in recent years due to growth in portable applications. The need for power-efficient design techniques is increasing. Various efficient design techniques have been proposed to reduce both dynamic as well as static power in state-of-the-art VLSI applications. In this paper, different circuit design techniques both static and dynamic are discussed that reduce the power consumption.


A conical intersection along the reaction coordinate of hydrogen abstraction by molecules in n,π* excited singlet states is responsible for the solvent-induced fluorescence quenching of azoalkanes [see equation]. This novel photochemical reaction mechanism, a case of aborted hydrogen abstraction, was examined by experiment and theory. Mutually consistent results on the observed low activation energies and the deuterium isotope effects were obtained.


Hence it is hardly possible to deny the possibility of interpreting the North Atlantic Treaty as a regional arrangement within the meaning of Chapter VIII of the Charter. This seems to be the most plausible, but it is not the only possible interpretation. Since the Charter does not define the concept of regional arrangement and especially since the exercise of collective selfdefense is not expressly referred to in Article 53, it is not impossible to consider a treaty for the implementation of Article 51 as an agreement different from a regional arrangement. As in so many cases, the Charter allows contradictory interpretations.


Purpose – Recent misconduct and highly questionable behavior has fostered considerable distrust, cynicism, and antagonism among the populace toward the leadership of virtually all social institutions. This paper aims to examine the impact of ethics training on business students values.Design/methodology/approach – Focuses on the central question whether exposure to ethical dilemmas and discussions in the classroom setting will lead to new paradigms of leadership incorporating instrumental values.Findings – The results support the contention that senior level students were influenced in their perceptions of the importance of instrumental values in comparison to freshmen. As hypothesized no difference was found between men and women in both the importance and reinforcement of the instrumental values examined. The results do not support the contention that increased emphasis on ethics in textbooks and courses has had a significant impact.Practical implications – Directions for future training are considered ...


In this article, we present a new metric called the comparative uncertainty, according to which the least achievable relative uncertainty is calculated when measuring the Planck constant. To calculate the comparative uncertainty, information theory is used. The optimizing criterion is the number of quantities considered in the model. Its calculation is possible due to the fact that any model contains a certain amount of information about the object under study. Comparative uncertainty can be verified by field trials or computer simulations within a specified range of changes of the Planck constant. The concept of introduced uncertainty is universal and can be recommended for estimating the accuracy of measurements in the study of physical phenomena and technological processes. Examples of application of the proposed approach are discussed.


Ipsapirone, a high‐affinity ligand for the 5‐hydroxytryptamine1A (5‐HT1A) receptor subtype, has been shown to be a full agonist at presynaptic serotonergic sites and a partial agonist at postsynaptic sites. Several recent studies have examined the effects of chronic treatment with ipsapirone or other structurally related pyrimidinylpiperazine compounds, including buspirone and gepirone, on 5‐HT1A binding sites with mixed results. Since the neural mechanism responsible for the anxiolytic and antidepressant properties of these compounds is currently uncertain, further investigation of this issue appeared warranted. [3H] 8‐hydroxy‐2‐(di‐n‐propylamino)‐tetralin ([3H] 8‐OHDPAT), a ligand specific for the 5‐HT1A site, has been used successfully to label these sites using both membrane binding assays and autoradiography. Experiments were performed to determine whether chronic treatment with ipsapirone would differentially affect binding to 5‐HT1A receptors at different brain sites. Rats were treated twice daily with ipsapirone (10 mg/kg i. p.) for 1 day or for 1, 2, or 3 weeks. Quantitative analyses were done of autoradiograms of in vitro [3H] 8‐OH‐DPAT binding to selected brain regions. Binding in vehicle‐treated rats was highest in the hippocampus, septal nucleus, interpeduncular nucleus, entorhinal cortex, and dorsal raphe nucleus. Following 3 weeks of treatment with ipsapirone, a large decline in binding was measured in the dorsal raphe nucleus. This decline was not seen with ipsapirone treatments for shorter periods. With the 3‐week treatment, there were less robust declines in [3H] 8‐OH‐DPAT binding in the entorhinal cortex and interpeduncular nucleus. Binding in the other brain regions analyzed was unaltered. These results, together with those in the literature, indicate the importance of dose and length of treatment in producing these alterations. The large decline in binding sites in the dorsal raphe is consistent with the view that the anxiolytic and antidepressant properties of ipsapirone are mediated by a downregulation of the somatodendritic 5‐HT1A autoreceptors. © 1992 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


In this paper, we discuss how we bootstrapped Quality Estimation (QE) in a constrained industry setting. No post-edits were at our disposal and only a limited number of annotators was available to provide training data in the form of PostEdit (PE) effort judgments. We used a minimal approach and applied a simplified annotation procedure. We used as few as 17 baseline features for QE training.


Hrozkova Libuse. Attitudes of the Society to the Physical and Psychological Punishment of Children. Bachelor work. University of Tomas Baťa in Zlin, Faculty of Humanities, Institute of Interdisciplinary Studies Brno, 2010. The theoretical part the bachelor work defines the term nurture, describes various styles of nurture and the value of using rewards and punishment during the upbringing of children. It names individual kinds of physical and psychological punishment; it deals with the problems of abuse of children and posttraumatic stress disorder. In the practical part opinions on the usage of physical and psychological punishment during the upbringing of children and the attitudes of the society to the suggested legislative change, thus prohibition of using the physical punishment into the Czech law, were found out.


When malaria is suspected in a patient, a definitive result indicating the presence or absence of parasite, preferably showing the species should be available within 1-2 hours of receipt of the blood specimen in the laboratory. This is especially important if falciparum malaria is suspected. By the conventional method it is impossible to give a report within this short period if the parasite density is low and difficult to identify in thin smear. Thick smear preparation and staining takes more than two hours. The species diagnosis may not be possible from thick smear due to distortion of morphology. In all such cases subsequently thin smear has to be screened for a long time to detect a parasite and identify its species. In this paper two different methods for rapid thick smear preparation and staining are described which will avoid the necessity of thin smear examination and thus shortening the turnaround time. In the first method acetic acid is used to lyse the RBCs in an isotonic solution to prevent the osmotic effect of water on the cells and parasites. In the second method acetic acid is used on fixed cells which resist distortion.


In systems with hydraulic predominance, the medium-term hydrothermal scheduling problem (MTHS) is usually modeled as a stochastic programming model where the objective is to obtain an optimal operation policy over a planning horizon. Inflows follow a stochastic process that is approximated by a multistage scenario tree and a multistage stochastic programming model is employed to compute the generation policy. The difficulty in solving the MTHS depends on the size of the scenario tree. To obtain a small but representative scenario tree, we employ the scenario reduction algorithm of Kovacevic and Pichler with quadratic process distances defined by appropriate metrics exploiting relevant features of the problem. Numerical assessments of the MTHS problem, using a reduced hydrothermal configuration extracted from the Brazilian system, show that reduced trees obtained by eliminating 80% scenarios provide approximate solutions to the problem with less than 1% accuracy errors and CPU time reduction of around 90%.


Inthis paper,we shl present a novel neu network-based apprOach for payload identificatInwhich faclitate &a adapve regulation of a one-liank flexible manipulator with nocoloae or ad actuator. Control of flexble manipulatos usig oral etwork has not been suggested before. However, sver techniques have been proposed for rigid manipulators operating in environments In which the payload is either unknown or changing, including thos by Leahy et al. [1] and Kuptein and Wang 121. The approach of [1] involve a pattem rognition of postio g errors with respet to a nominal tajectory, which are a rult of paylo changs Th patten ae thn used to adaptively update a computed-torqu controL In [2], a much higherlevel control utilizing an unsupervised neura network is used to adapt to unforese disturbance, including payload changes. Both of these approaches differ signifcantly fm the schme prented in this paper, the difference mainl ming frm the more complex dynamics of flexible manipulators. The development of the contrd scheme begins with a derivation of a nonlinear model describing the manipulator dynamics which will be used for an accurate simulation of the fleible manipulator motions. Identification of a changed payload condition is obtained by a multilayer neural network trained by the backpropagation algorithm (3] to recognize tip deflection patterns resulting from differt payloads carried, which is then usd to tailor a poleent regulator that best meets the controller objective specifying the hub rotation seed and the permitted maximum tip defection for the curre t payload status A performance evaluation of the adaptive control scheme is conducted and the merits of the propowsd proack deli


The method of determining anthocyanin content in fruits by HPLC was established.A ODS-C18 column(250 nm×4.6 nm) was selected.The mobile phase A and B was water and methanol containing 1.6% formic acid respectively.The gradient elution was 0~5 min,85%A+15%B,5~10 min,80%A+20%B,10~30 min,72%A+28%B,30~36 min,40%A+60%B,and 36~48 min,100%B.The detection wavelength was 510 nm,and the flow rate 1 mL/min.The calibration curves for cyanin-3-glucoside and cyanin-3-rutiniside were linear within the range of 0.00104~0.0104 mg/mL.The mean recovery ratios for them were 99.5% and 99.25%,and the mean standard deviations for them 1.98% and 2.5%.The detection limit of this method was 0.02 μg/mL.The method was applied to Dashizaosheng plum and Fujiminori grape samples.


Concept mapping is a valuable technique for education evaluation. This paper describes a system which supports teachers in creating concept mapping tasks which are intended to capture the student's understanding of the ontology of a small domain. A novel feature of our work is that the system verifies that the student intended the map elements that will be used to infer student understanding and misconceptions.


A 3-year-old intact female Old English Bulldog and 5-month-old spayed female Chow Chow were diagnosed with entropion. Instead of surgery, hyaluronic acid (HA) filler injections were performed to correct the entropion and relieve the associated symptoms. We used the layered feathering technique, which was effective for the administration of the HA into the tissues for the correction of canine entropion. The eyelid positions were maintained for 6-8 months after the procedures. These cases demonstrate that HA filler injections relieve clinical signs quickly and effectively, though temporarily, in patients with entropion


In the traditional gray prediction model,the traditional background value formula and initial value selection method could result in deviation of the model.Though improving the background value formula and changing the initial value selection method,the paper constructs a higher predition accuracy gray model-optimized GM(1,1) and integrates it with Markov chain.The paper analyzes and predicts railway freight volume in China and concludes on the prediction interval and the probability of occurrence.A subsequent examples shows that the method is more reliable than its traditional counterpart.


The invention discloses a rapid and accurate registration method of a dense point cloud model, comprising the following steps of: realizing the initial registration of a turbine blade dense point cloud model and a CAD (Computer-Aided Design) model through an alignment method; appropriately simplifying the obtained initially registered point cloud data; computing the rotation matrix and the translation matrix of each iteration in an SVD-ICP (Singular Value Decomposition-Iterative Closet Point) algorithm; and finally realizing the accurate registration of a control point set {P} and the CAD model by adopting the SVD-ICP algorithm. In the invention, under the premise of realizing the pre-registration of the point cloud model and the CAD model, the dense point cloud data are simplified; the simplified data are taken as a registered control point set; the total rotation matrix and the translation matrix are computed on the basis of the SVD-ICP algorithm; and the computed total transformation matrixes are applied to the original dense point cloud before the simplification so that the rapid registration of the dense point cloud and the CAD model is realized and the registration accuracy and the registration speed are considered simultaneously.


A method of implementing DiSEqC function in DVB-S is presented. The hardware specification、method of data-bit signalling, message data format and definition of commands of the DiSEqC (digital satellite equipment control) bus are introduced, first. The DiSEqC part of STV0299 is also described. In the last part, the DiSEqC 1.0、1.1 implementation method and program flow chart using STV0299 are presented. The result in practice shows the method is effective.


The implications of a surge in COVID-19 cases due to the Delta variant of SARS-CoV-2 on rural areas of the US and its health care safety net warrant careful and prompt appraisal. In early July, 2 referral hospitals in Missouri that receive patients from the state's predominantly rural southwestern region experienced a major surge in COVID-19 caseload. In the month since, hospitalization rates have increased sharply in several other states, especially those with largely unvaccinated and rural populations. Whether these increases in COVID-19 hospitalizations portend a 10-, 100-times, or greater hospital surge crisis nationwide will become clearer in the coming weeks. With half the US population fully vaccinated, and assuming the vaccines remain effective for preventing serious disease requiring hospitalization, the nation at large might not encounter another surge with mortality burden of similar magnitude to the third wave. However, the virus has been sufficiently unpredictable to base preparedness on aggregate observations alone. Many rural counties report that less than 25% of residents are fully vaccinated, raising the likelihood of localized surges in these areas. Multiple small surges throughout rural areas could have important implications for rural populations and hospitals. Rural health care systems in the US haveuniqueorganizational,clinical,andfinancialvulnerabilities that make it more difficult for those hospitals to withstandsurgesinCOVID-19cases.Thesevulnerabilitiesaffect care quality and delivery and further impede financial stability.ThisViewpointhighlightskeyvulnerabilities,discusses implicationstheypose,andsuggestspotentialsolutionsfor institutions, governments, and society as they navigate this potentially rural-dominant Delta variant phase.


This paper presents a stylometric analysis of two "most literary spy novels" by John le Carre, A Perfect Spy (1986) and Absolute Friends (2003). Written 17 years apart, they were translated by the author of this paper into Polish less than months one from the other in 2003 and 2004. From the very start, it was evident for the translator that the two novels would be an interesting subject of study due to their being built according to a very similar model, especially where characterization is concerned. Both feature a slightly foolish British agent (le Carre's famous trademark), his highly intellectual yet physically handicapped East German nemesis, the British agent's boss/friend, etc. Since these two very similar works shared their Polish translator – who continued to experience a very strong feeling of deja vu while working on the two novels, this case seemed perfect for a study of stylistic relationships between original and translation. The main effect observed in this study was that of the three above-mentioned couples of corresponding characters, two are very expectedly similar, while one (the two East-German double agents) is not. Their similarity is "regained" in the translation – an interesting corroboration of the translator's "intuitive" suspicion during his work on the Polish version. These results show that, at least in this – very special – case, the accuracy of studies performed by Multidimensional Scaling of correlation matrices of relative frequencies of the most frequent words is quite considerable when applied to translation. This is true despite the disquieting fact that, like previous statistical authorship attribution techniques, this correspondence lacks any compelling theoretical justification. The tentative explanations proposed so far by van Leuven-Zwart's postulate of microstructural changes influencing the text's macrostructure, 1995) or by McKenna, Burrows and Antonia are certainly not enough. Since overlapping semantic fields of the most frequent words of texts and divergent linguistic systems make one-on-one correspondences impossible, a more general underlying mechanism must be found. At the same time, empirical studies hinting at the existence of such a mechanism have still been very few. This is why more are needed to explain the compelling yet somewhat mysterious successes of Burrows's "old" method.


Parkinson's disease(PD) is the most prevalent progressive neurodegenerative movement disorder.Leucine-rich repeat kinase 2(LRRK2) mutations were found in the autosomal dominant inherited PDs.Prokaryotic expressed LRRK2-GST fusion protein was used to immunize New Zealand rabbits to raise anti-LRRK2 rabbit polyclonal antibodies.The antibody analysis showed that it was suitable for Western blot,immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence.LRRK2 was shown by Western blot to be expressed in majority of the regions in rat brain.Double-immunostaining showed LRRK2 localized in mitochondria.These results may provide useful information to understand the role of LRRK2 in PD development.


Data about terrorist attacks in India was analysed. Several machine learning algorithms were trained on the Indian subset of the Global Terrorism Database to learn to predict the perpetrator of a terrorist attack, given data about the types of attack, target and weapon in addition to the location, year and other attributes of the event. It was found that Support Vector Machine technique gave accuracy higher than 75% in predicting the perpetrators. This approach has the potential to aid investigating agencies and carries significant implications for national and international security.


The change of rope tension and dynamic tension during hoisting in multirope friction shaft were studied.Based on establishment of viscoelasticity vibration mathematical model about rope during hoisting process in multirope friction shaft with tail rope,the rope dynamic tension was resolved.With the MATLAB6.5 software,the change rule of rope tension and dynamic tension was simulated during one period of speed-up,uniform speed and slowdown in multirope friction shaft.Contrasting the simulation above and tension signals measured,it was indicated that the viscoelasticity vibration mathematical model is right.Finally,the change of rope dynamic tension was simulation in the case of failures in steelwork.The model building and simulation above are very useful in choosing rope properly,designing and improving the operational control mode of hoist and diagnosing failures about steelwork.


Nuclear energy is broadly accepted in the US as an important source of their electricity today and, even more, in the future. Yet there is only limited support for building more nuclear energy plants. How can the existing positive predispositions be developed into support for building new plants, and what role can the new plant designs play in gaining that higher level of acceptance This paper reviews three basic principles that the industry has learned from years of research, as well as from a study of communications about advanced designs. These principles are: recognize and communicate the support that exists; increase public awareness of the need for nuclear energy and the benefits it provides; talk about the new plants in terms the public understands. Building acceptance for new plants will require effective communications nationally and locally, as well as community involvement and participation in the siting process. Both nationally and locally, the three basic principles apply.


Background: Prostate tumor progression is driven by transcription factors (TFs), most prominently the Androgen Receptor (AR), that drive proliferation and therapy resistance. Many genes have several promoters that can be bound by distinct TFs. It is unclear what role alternative promoter selection plays in tumor progression. We hypothesized that driver TFs target novel gene promoters during prostate tumor progression, and that understanding how this targeting occurs would reveal novel aspects of prostate tumor biology. Methods: We performed ultra-deep RNA sequencing on 104 metastatic Castration Resistant Prostate Cancer (mCRPC) biopsies, generating > 450M reads/sample (10X the typical depth), in samples with matched whole genome DNA and methylation sequencing. We combined these data with published deep transcriptomes in normal prostate and localized prostate cancer for a total of 274 samples. Promoter activity was evaluated in all 274 biopsies using the proActiv tool. Differential promoter activity levels were integrated with transcription factor motif enrichment, chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing, and previously published somatic and methylation sequencing data in the mCRPC samples. Results: Using normal prostate tissue as a baseline, we identified 463 and 3,237 APs with differential activity in localized prostate cancer and mCRPC, respectively. Increased alternative promoter (AP) usage was associated with upregulation of prostate tumor driver genes. Elevated androgen signaling in both localized and mCRPC was correlated with increased AP use. In localized prostate tumors, APs preferentially switch to promoters harboring binding sites for the AR pioneer factor FOXA1. In mCPRC, APs were further enriched for binding of MYC, E2F1, and HIF1A. Furthermore, AP usage reflects transcriptional dysregulation related to lineage plasticity in response to therapy. APs in neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC) were bound by neuroendocrine TFs such as ASCL1 and HAND2. While canonical promoters are usually unmethylated, methylation levels at APs were strongly linked to AP activity. Conclusions: Our data show that transcription initiated at APs is a key contributor to increased gene activity in prostate tumors. APs that are upregulated in prostate tumors are linked to transcription factors activated by recurrent somatic alterations and lineage plasticity. Methylation at APs is an important and underappreciated driver of promoter choice in mCRPC. Understanding how somatic alterations and epigenetic reprogramming of TFs affect APs is essential to understanding how these processes impact therapy resistance.
 Citation Format: Meng Zhang, Martin Sjöström, Raunak Shrestha, Arian Lundberg, Thaidy Moreno-Rodriguez, Adam Foye, Ha X. Dang, Joshi J. Alumkal, Rahul Aggarwal, Eric J. Small, Christopher A. Maher, Felix Y. Feng, David Quigley. Alternative promoter usage is linked to transcriptional and epigenetic alterations during prostate cancer progression [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference: Advances in Prostate Cancer Research; 2023 Mar 15-18; Denver, Colorado. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(11 Suppl):Abstract nr A062.


S U M M A R Y For short period S-wave seismograms of an earthquake, the maximum amplitude decreases according to a power of traveltime, and the coda amplitude also decreases according to a power of lapse time measured from the earthquake origin time. The radiative transfer theory has been often used for the envelope synthesis of complex seismograms composed of scattered waves due to random heterogeneities in the Earth medium; however, the conventional theory, which supposes uniform distributions of scatterers (heterogeneities) and intrinsic absorbers, predicts that both the ballistic term amplitude and the coda wave amplitude exponentially decrease with time increasing in addition to the geometrical decay. In order to explain their powerlaw characteristics, this paper proposes the radiative transfer theory for a fractally random and homogeneous distribution of isotropic scatterers and intrinsic absorbers with fractal dimension D ≤ 3 in the 3-D space: the number density of scatterers/absorbers in a sphere of radius r is proportional to rD − 3 for distance r rc but constant for r rc, where the corner distance rc is introduced to avoid divergence at a small r. The case of D = 3 corresponds to the conventional uniform distribution. For the case of D = 2, the theory well predicts that the mean square (MS) amplitude of the ballistic-wave decreases according to a power of traveltime and the MS amplitude of coda waves decreases according to a power of lapse time measured from the origin time, where each power is controlled by the scattering coefficient, intrinsic absorption coefficient and corner distance. For the case of D = 1, the ballistic-wave MS amplitude decay is the inverse square of time and the coda decay is much faster. As a preliminary work, fixing D = 2 as a priori choice, we analyse S-seismogram envelopes of a local earthquake in Japan. The case study shows that the radiative transfer theory for a fractal scattering medium is useful for the study of the distribution of small-scale heterogeneities in the Earth medium.


To provide a mobile terminal capable of sharing an application area in the contactless IC chip with multiple users. The mobile terminal comprises an IC chip with non-contact communication function capable of using a plurality of services. Further, the portable terminal includes a user, and an application identifier identifying an application corresponding to the service to be used, the application area information storage unit for storing application area information for associating the plurality of application areas provided in the IC chip, read from attached storage medium, the application identification information for identifying a user, the said application area information, on the basis and makes it available to the application area of the user corresponding to the identification information in the IC chip and a region control unit are made available for each user a plurality of services using non-contact communication function.


Cutis marmorata telangiectatica congenita (CMTC) is an uncommon, congenital, vascular malformation characterized by asymmetrical, fixed reticulate vascular network typically involving the lower limbs, telangiectasia, phlebectasia and occasionally ulceration or atrophy of the affected skin. We report a case of cutis marmorata telangiectatica congenita in a 2 months old male child who presented with complaints of bluish red skin lesions over the limbs, abdomen and both the forearms since birth.


The search for more efficient and safe ship operation has increased over the last decade. Extending automatic control cannot only reduce operational costs, but also provides the opportunity to modify the ship's bridge into an operational centre from which both navigational and platform functions can be fulfilled. As a result, the human task will change from manual control over one single function to the supervision of several functions simultaneously. In designing an integrated ship control centre, human factors should be taken into account. Human error, and consequently probability of accidents, may be reduced by adequate training and interface design.