We have developed a combinatorial in situ growth‐and‐analysis system combining thin film growths by laser molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) with synchrotron radiation photoemission spectroscopy and X‐ray absorption spectroscopy to investigate electronic structures of strongly correlated oxide systems, especially La1−xSrxMnO3 (LSMO) for tunneling magnetoresistance device applications. For combinatorial high‐throughput analysis, we have developed a computer‐controlled manipulator. The usefulness of combinatorial in situ analysis was verified by resonant photoemission and angle‐resolved photoemission spectroscopy of Mn 3d eg derived majority band of compositional spread LSMO with various Sr compositions and thickness‐dependent core‐level shifts reflecting band bending.


The ancient water and land transportation in the area of Tu Jia Ethnic Minority Group in Chongqing advanced the local socioeconomic and cultural development.Thanks to the ancient criss-crossed roads,numerous bridges,passes and hurdles,as well as the Yangtze River,Wu River,You River and Yu River,the area of Tu Jia ethnic group was well-connected to the outside world.The water transportation was accomplished by the heavy plank boat and snake boat.Studying the ancient traffic is significant for the development of New Socialist Countryside,the construction of harmonious society,and rescuing and protecting the non-material cultural heritage.


Aromatic rice varieties have some weaknesses such as low productivity, and less resistant to pests and diseases. This study aimed to obtain homozygous strain of BC5F2 Ciherang aromatic through the identification of aroma gene (mutated badh2) and properties of the aroma. Ciherang paddy (nonaromatic paddy) was used as the female parent, whereas Mentik Wangi paddy (aromatic paddy) was used as the male parent. The experiment was conducted in BC5F2 because it is expected to generate plants with properties 98.4% close to female parent. The DNA from five strains of paddy plants BC5F2Ciherang X Mentik Wangi was isolated by a modified CTAB method. The concentration of DNA was determined by measuring absorbance at 260 nm wavelength, while its purity was determined from the ratio of the absorbance at a wavelength of 260/280 nm. PCR-based molecular selection was done by using the Bradbury primers. PCR results showed that of the 250 samples, there were 66 samples had DNA fragment of the same size as that of Mentik Wangi, i.e. 257 bp, 67 samples had the same size as the DNA fragment of Ciherang, i.e. 355 bp, and 117 samples had the same size with the both of DNA fragments, i.e. 257 bp and 355 bp. Plants with amplified 257 bp DNA fragment was subjected to leaf aroma test using 1.7% KOH. The results showed that 42 positive samples, out of 66 samples. Samples positive on leaf aroma test were tested again on rice aroma test. Rice aroma test results showed the majority (85.4%) samples that are positive on leaf aroma test is also positive on the rice aroma test.


The invention discloses a mixed bipolar DC transmission system. The system comprises a rectification converter station and an inversion converter station which are connected through a DC transmission line, wherein the rectification converter station is formed by two thyristor converters through serial connection, and the serial connection node is grounded; and the inversion converter station is formed by two modular multilevel converters (MMCs) through serial connection, the serial connection node is grounded, and positive and negative ends after serial connection are connected with one-way connection power devices. The system has the advantages of low cost and loss, high reliability and the like of the existing thyristor converter, flexible control of the MMCs, low harmonic, active-reactive power decoupling control, low dependence on an alternating current system and the like; and the system is divided into positive and negative poles, so that operating reliability is strengthened, and the power devices provided with the one-way connection capacity and additionally arranged at outlets of inverters can effectively handle DC faults. The system is suitable for occasions such as high-power long-distance high-voltage DC transmission and island current delivery, provided with broad development space, and worthy of being popularized vigorously.


The nanoparticle Au/TiO2 embedded system plays a very important role in the plasmonic solar cell. The features of the nanoparticle embedded system will determine light enhancement, light absorption, scattering and localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR), aiming to enhance the efficiency of the plasmatic solar cell. The characterizations of nanoparticles Au/TiO2 embedded system consist of many parameters: the sizes of nanoparticles (Au, TiO2), the weight ratio of Au to TiO2, the thickness of the single layer or multilayer of Au/TiO2, the arrangements of Au and TiO2 nanoparticles in integrated-matrix system, the light absorption, scattering and LSPR capacities of the Au/TiO2 system. These parameters, however, depend on the technological conditions, the structure of plasmonic solar cell as well as the used substrate materials. This paper presents some technological developments for nanoparticles Au/TiO2 embedded systems by different methods, including the preparation of the mixer Au/TiO2 solutions and fabrication of the nanoparticle Au/TiO2 systems with different Au percentages on several substrates (glass/ITO and AAO(Al)/Si…), and measured results of the morphological, structural and optical properties using FESEM, EDX, UV–vis spectroscopy. The comparisons of experiment results between different technology conditions and substrates (glass/ITO, AAO(Al)/Si…) are also shown and discussed with the aim of choosing the suitable technological process and technological conditions for application in the plasmonic solar cell.


In order to take full advantage of the SiC devices' high-temperature and high-frequency capabilities, a transformer isolated gate driver is designed for the SiC JFET phase leg module to achieve a fast switching speed of 26V/ns and a small cross-talking voltage of 4.2V in a 650V and 5A inductive load test. Transformer isolated gate drive circuits suitable for high-temperature applications are compared with respect to different criteria. Based on the comparison, an improved edge triggered gate drive topology is proposed. Then, using the proposed gate drive topology, special issues in the phase-leg gate drive design are discussed. Several strategies are implemented to improve the phase-leg gate drive performance and alleviate the cross-talking issue. Simulation and experimental results are given for verification purposes.


Thermoplastic polyolefin, and (A) the first component and (B) a hydrophobic fumed silica based on the amount of thermoplastic polyolefin is present in an amount of from about 0.1 to about 3% by weight of a polysiloxane polyether having a molecular weight of from about 350 to about 18,000 the second component is made of a first melt-extrudable thermoplastic composition in a weight ratio of the first component comprises from about 20 to about 300 wherein the additive system of the second component is provided. Such compositions wettability which require the amount of significantly less the first component than is the absence of requirements for melt extrusion hours, the tensile strength as compared to a nonwoven web prepared from the thermoplastic polyolefin alone is a significant increase in the nonwoven web, or the second component to produce a web.


A new structure is proposed which simply compensates the flip-chip mounting effect. As an example which shows the mounting effect and the validity of the compensation structure, a discrete RF MEMS SPST switch is used. The degraded frequency response of the RF MEMS SPST switch when it is flipped into a coplanar transmission line is successfully recovered simply by adding the proposed compensation structure. It consists of inserting the proper sizes of CPW series stubs. Whereas conventional wire bonding of discrete MEMS switches in MIC circuits prevents the realization of very low loss characteristics of the switch, models of a flip-chipped MEMS switch show it is possible to retain the low loss characteristics by using some of the novel characteristics of coplanar transmission lines. The principle of achieving such high-quality compensation structure is detailed and is also confirmed by experimental results up to at least 50 GHz. It is shown that a return loss better than 18dB in the frequency range up to 50 GHz is achievable. Finally, applying this simple compensation structure, the frequency range of operation can be further extended.


A 20-year-old female with history of headache presented for chief complaint of weakness. The patient's public housing authority counselor called for an ambulance when she found the patient too weak to climb stairs during a welfare check. She was cachectic-appearing and reported eating only applesauce due to food insecurity. Physical examination was otherwise significant for truncal ataxia when standing. In the emergency department, the patient had a single episode of urinary incontinence. Head computed tomography (CT) was obtained, with Figure 1 (showing axial image) and Figure 2 (showing coronal image) of brain depicting2.5 cmright intraventricular third ventriclemass (arrow)with mixed density consistent with ependymoma versus dermoid tumor occluding the cerebral aqueduct resulting in third and lateral ventricle hydrocephalus.


[It is widely acknowledged that firms performing R&D investments are very likely to undergo financial constraints (FC) due to their specific characteristics, which make external debt an imperfect substitute for internal finance,especially for small sized enterprises. This situation calls into question the role that mutual guarantee consortiums(MGCs) might have in mitigating the effect of FC on the innovative activities performed by small and medium enterprises. In this paper, we explore how effectively this role is played by exploiting a large dataset of guaranteebacked loans provided by Eurofidi (an Italian mutual guarantee consortium) including both financial and non financial informations on the applicant firms. Taking into account the different purposes of each loan application (including whether it was asked for sustaining investments in R&D and innovation), we estimate the probability of default (PD)through a bivariate probit which takes into account the problem of sample selection bias that usually affects credit scoring models calibrated only on accepted applicants. We find a crucial set of variables that increase (decrease) the probability of positive granting decision without reducing (raising) the likelihood of a default, thus evidencing the absence of a minimizing default risk behavior of the lending institution with respect to these observed characteristics of the applicants. In particular, when the destination of loans is considered, results show that loans demanded to sustain R&D and innovation activities have a lower probability of turning into bad loans but they also have a lower probability of being accepted. It emerges that innovative firms are subject to relevant credit constraints also when considering the possibility to apply to a mutual guarantee body, which should theoretically facilitate their access to debt finance.]


Field measurements of the influence of snow on ground temperatures, at a depth of 90 cm., were carried out during 1968-73 at Garry Island, N.W.T. The results show that the ameliorating effect of snow can be expressed by a regression equation. The side slopes tend to have the highest mean annual temperatures; the flats the lowest; and the ridges intermediate. At Garry Island, where permafrost is thick, variations in snow cover are probably not reflected in the position of the bottom of permafrost. By contract, in the nearby alluvial islands of the Mackenzie Delta, where permafrost is thin, the effects of snow on the position of the lower permafrost surface are probably considerable.


Patents are an increasingly important source of technological intelligence that companies can use to gain strategic advantage. They can be used as a stimulus for RD moreover, current tools are inadequate to satisfy users' expectations. This paper gives a general overview of the universal tools for knowledge management and proposes a combination of knowledge bases, design methods like TRIZ and FBS theory and physical effects for improving function-based patent searches. An example dealing with a new design of nutcracker proposes the use of keywords related to physical effects in order to search a non-clearly expressed function (or behaviour).


For crack-free marking of glass materials, a beam-scanning laser-induced backside wet etching (LIBWE) process by a beam spot with a fine periodic structure was examined. The fine periodic structure was produced within a beam spot by means of a Mach–Zehnder interferometer incorporated to the optical setup for the beam-scanning LIBWE. A fine structure with a period of 9 µm was observed within the microstructures with a diameter of ca. 40 µm fabricated by a laser shot under double-beam irradiation, and they could be homogeneously fabricated within an area of 800  ×  800 µm. The area filled with the microstructures, including fine periodic structures, could be observed in high contrast under a diffuse, on-axis illumination that was used in commercial QR code readers.


The requirements for the eradication of HIV in infected individuals are unknown. Intermittent administration of the immune activator interleukin-2 (IL-2) in combination with highly-active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has been suggested as an effective strategy to realize long-term control of HIV replication in vivo. However, potential latent virus reservoirs are considered to be a major impediment in achieving this goal. In this paper, a new mathematical model is designed and used to monitor the interactions between HIV, CD4a T-cells, CD8a T-cells, productively infected and latently infected CD4a T-cells, and to evaluate therapeutic strategies during the first 3 years of HIV infection. The model shows that current anti-HIV therapies, including intermittent IL-2 and HAART, are insufficient in achieving eradication of HIV. However, it suggests that the HIV eradication may indeed be theoretically feasible if such therapy is administered continuously (without interruption) under some specified conditions. These conditions may realistically be achieved using an agent (such as a putative anti-HIV vaccine) that brings about a concomitant increase in the proliferation of HIVspecific CD4a T- and CD8a T-cells and the differentiation of CD8a T-cells into anti-HIV cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs).


Title of Document: PLANNING FOR CAREER AND FAMILY: AN INSTRUMENT DEVELOPMENT STUDY Heather Victoria Ganginis, Master of Science, 2008 Directed By: Dr. Karen O'Brien, Psychology Department The purpose of the present study was to develop a scale to measure the extent to which people take into consideration future children and romantic relationships when deciding on a career (i.e. The Planning for Career and Family Scale) and to assess the psychometric properties of this instrument. Participants included 325 women. Data suggested that two subscales comprise the measure, the Incorporating Future Family Scale and the Choosing a Career Independent of Family Scale. Internal consistency estimates of subscales ranged from .78 to .83. Convergent and discriminant validity was supported for the Incorporating Future Family in Career Plans subscale and the Choosing a Career Independent of Future Family subscale. Test-retest reliability estimates were adequate, suggesting stability regarding the measurement of these constructs. Directions for future research and the limitations of this study are discussed. PLANNING FOR CAREER AND FAMILY: AN INSTRUMENT DEVELOPMENT STUDY


The kinetic process of organochlorine pesticides(OCPs) release from the surface sediments from Honghu Lake in a suspended state was studied experimentally.The results showed that the sediments released OCPs fast at the beginning of the experiment,but then the release rate slowed down.The amount of OCPs released in the sediments was mainly controlled by the water solubility of the compounds.The compounds with higher water solubility,such as α-HCH,had higher release concentrations and longer release times.Moreover,temperature had an important influence on the release of OCPs.The release of OCPs in the sediments was enhanced by the increase of temperature.A first-order desorption kinetic model of OCPs from sediments was set up,and the model parameters were obtained.The model fit well with the experimental data.


Purpose:The well-known translocations identified in MALT lymphomas include t(11;18)/API2MALT1, t(1;14)/IGH-BCL10, and t(14;18)/IGH-MALT1. Molecular investigations have suggested that these three disparate translocations affect a common pathway, resulting in the constitutive activation of nuclear factor-nB. However, the vast majority of MALT lymphomas are negative for any of the above-mentioned translocations and the underlying pathogenesis is unclear. Experimental Design: Fresh tissue of 29 gastric and extragastric MALT lymphomas was studied for genetic aberrations by conventional karyotyping, long-distance inverse PCR (LDI-PCR), fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR), and real-time quantitative RT-PCR (QRT-PCR). Results: Conventional cytogenetics, FISH, and RT-PCR identified aberrations in 26 of 29MALT lymphoma. Balanced translocations were found in 21cases. IGH was rearranged in the majority of cases with balanced translocations (n = 17/21); 3 cases had t(11;18)/API2-MALT1 and 1case had novel t(6;7)(q25;q11), respectively. IGH partner genes involved MALT1, FOXP1, BCL6, and four new chromosomal regions on chromosome arms 1p, 1q, 5q, and 9p. LDI-PCR identified three novel partner genes on 1p (CNN3), 5q (ODZ2), and 9p (JMJD2C). FISH assays were established and confirmed LDI-PCR results. QRT-PCR showed deregulation of the novel genes in the translocation-positive cases. Conclusions: Our study expands the knowledge on the genetic heterogeneity of MALT lymphomas. B-cell non–Hodgkin lymphomas (B-NHL) are malignant clonal expansions of B cells at various stages of maturation. Chromosomal rearrangements, including translocations of immunoglobulin (IG) loci and creation of chimeric protein(s), are implicated in the pathogenesis of B-cell lymphoma. The former results in the dysregulation of oncogenes located at the partner chromosome loci (1). Some IG translocations are associated with certain subtypes of lymphoma, showing distinct pathologic, immunophenotypic, and clinical features. Examples include the involvement of MYC in Burkitt's lymphoma and BCL1 in mantle cell lymphoma. These translocations may therefore be useful as diagnostic markers and provide important insights into the molecular mechanisms of tumor development. Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma, the third most common B-NHL, is a distinct clinicopathologic entity. The B cells of MALT lymphoma share the cytologic features and immunophenotype of marginal zone B cells. MALT lymphoma has some unique features in comparison with other types of B-cell lymphomas and exemplifies the close relationship between chronic inflammation and lymphomagenesis. A strong association has been found between chronic infection with Helicobacter pylori and gastric MALT lymphoma (2). As opposed to their gastric counterpart, extragastric MALT lymphomas are thought to arise predominantly in patients with autoimmune diseases (3). Another clinical peculiarity of MALT lymphoma is the distinct tendency of intraorgan and interorgan dissemination (4). This characteristic might reflect a special homing pattern of lymphocytes generated within a MALT environment, which has been shown to differ between gastrointestinal and nongastrointestinal MALT (5). The understanding of the biology of MALT lymphoma has significantly improved in recent years, in part through the application of standard cytogenetic analyses. The common translocations identified in MALT lymphomas include t(11;18)/API2-MALT1 , t(1;14)/IGH-BCL10 , and t(14;18)/IGHMALT1 . Molecular investigations have suggested that these three disparate translocations seem to affect a common Human Cancer Biology Authors' Affiliations: Departments of Pathology and Internal Medicine 1, Medical University of Vienna,Vienna, Austria Received 3/18/08; revised 6/16/08; accepted 6/29/08. Grant support: FWF (P19346-B12), Initiative Krebsforschung, and Austrian Ministry for Education, Science and Culture (GENAUGZ200.136/1-VI/1/2005). The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges.This article must therefore be hereby marked advertisement in accordance with18 U.S.C. Section1734 solely to indicate this fact. Note: Supplementary data for this article are available at Clinical Cancer Research Online (http://clincancerres.aacrjournals.org/). Requests for reprints: Berthold Streubel, Department of Pathology, Medical University ofVienna,Wa« hringer Gu« rtel 18-20, A-1090 Vienna, Austria. Phone: 43140400-3650; Fax: 431-40400-3707; E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com. F2008 American Association for Cancer Research. doi:10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-08-0702 www.aacrjournals.org Clin Cancer Res 2008;14(20) October15, 2008 6426 Research. on January 8, 2018. © 2008 American Association for Cancer clincancerres.aacrjournals.org Downloaded from pathway, resulting in the constitutive activation of nuclear factor-nB (NF-nB; ref. 6). However, the vast majority of MALT lymphomas are negative for any of the above-mentioned translocations and the exact underlying pathogenesis remains unclear (7). In this study, we investigated 29 MALT lymphomas for genetic aberrations. We report on the identification of several novel translocations in MALT lymphoma. Materials andMethods Clinical specimens. Twenty-nine MALT lymphoma cases with fresh tumor material available for cytogenetic analysis were studied. For inclusion in this study, the cases were required to fulfill the histologic and immunohistologic criteria defined for the respective entities in the WHO classification of tumors of hematopoietic and lymphoid tissues. The immunophenotype of the tumor cells, as assessed on paraffin sections, was CD20, cyclin D1, CD23, CD5, Bcl-6, CD10. Bcl-6 negativity was also found in patient 17 with IGH-BCL6 rearrangement. Biopsies or surgical resection specimens were retrieved from the files of the Department of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, except one cutaneous MALT lymphoma case that was provided by the Department of Dermatology in Graz. Among the 29 MALT lymphoma cases, 7 involved the ocular adnexa, 7 the parotid gland (including 4 cases with regional lymph node infiltration), 2 the stomach, 6 the skin, 2 the lung, 1 the thyroid, 1 the liver, 1 the esophagus, 1 the kidney (primary localization pharynx), and 1 s.c. lesion (primary localization lacrimal gland). The presence of tumor cells (>80% infiltration) was evaluated in each tissue block on H&E-stained slides cut before and after the sections used for quantitative reverse transcription-PCR (QRT-PCR) analyses. Cytogenetic analysis. Cytogenetic analyses were done on short-term cultures (2-72 h) of fresh tumor samples of 29 cases. Methods of cell cultivation and of chromosome preparation and staining by a modified GAG-banding technique have been described previously (8). The constitutional karyotypes were determined on metaphases from phytohemagglutinin-stimulated lymphocytes. Long-distance inverse PCR. DNA of patients 1, 4, 18, 19, 20, 22, 26, and 28 was isolated from the fresh tumor samples using a High Pure PCR Template Preparation kit (Roche). The long-distance inverse PCR (LDI-PCR) for the joining and switch regions was done as described previously (9, 10). Briefly, high molecular weight DNA was digested with restriction enzymes for 3 to 4 h at 37jC. After phenol/chloroform extraction, 0.4 Ag of digested DNA was ligated at 15jC overnight with T4 DNA ligase. Restriction digests included BglII, HindIII, PstI, and XbaI. After purification, the ligated DNA was amplified in nested PCRs. PCR products were run on agarose gels. Bands were excised from the gels and sequenced using an ABI Prism 310 (PE Applied Biosystems). Sequences were compared with the Genbank database using BLAST program. Fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis. For the detection of the various MALT lymphoma-associated translocations, the following probes flanking the breakpoint regions were used: bacterial artificial chromosomes RP11-1077C10, RP11-36L4, RP11-1080I1, and RP1140K4 for BCL10 , RP11-215K24 and RP11-522N9 for FOXP1 , RP11465K1 and RP11-335D10 for CNN3, RP11-79K3 and RP11-77E14 for JMJD2C , RP11-13H20 and RP11-14K9 for ODZ2 , and commercially available probes for IGH, MALT1 , and BCL6 (Vysis). The cutoff value for the diagnosis of each probe set was the mean percentage of cells with a false-positive signal constellation plus 3 SDs, as assessed on tissue from 20 reactive lymph nodes. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) procedure was done according to published standard


The majority of plant organs arise from groups of continuously dividing cells, the meristems. Little is known about mechanisms of cell specification in meristems. Within the Arabidopsis root meristem, the fate of every cell can be predicted accurately, and the origin of these cells during the formation of the embryonic root primordium is known. Laser ablations reveal that, despite the regularity in cell lineage, position remains important to reinforce cell specification. Genetic analysis has revealed that many genes involved in the specification of the main cell types in the root act early, during embryogenesis, and an important question is whether the same or other genes are involved in the reinforcement of specification. Sub-specification of cell types, as exemplified by epidermal root hair cell specification, involves two pathways, one of which may act to reinforce earlier patterning events mediated by the other.


Grid code modifications require the in service fixed speed wind turbines to ridetrough grid faults. Voltage dips due to electrical grid faults generate transients of the generator electromagnetic torque. These transients result in significant stresses and vibrations affecting the fatigue life of the components. An electro-mechanical model was built to simulate the grid faults that excite the asynchronous generator with poorly damped stator flux oscillations. These oscillations cause transients of the generator electromagnetic torque. This article focuses in estimating the resulting significant stresses transients affecting the fatigue life of drivetrain system due to voltage dips. A rainflow cycle counting method was developed to evaluate the fatigue life of the mechanical system. The methodology analyses the stress history and estimates the mean and amplitudes of the counted cycles, and time of duration to calculate the accumulated damage occurred during the voltage dip event.


Using the comprehensive evaluation indexes system of chinese ecological forest engineering,we evaluated the benefit of 77 countoies' form Yangtze River protection forest engineering (the first period )in Sichuan and Chongqing. The comprehensive benefit is 6 times more so far, and 9 times more by 2010 than 1986 (the starting time).Furthermore, suggestions on forestst and structure adjustment of every branch of Yangtze River and on the new foundation of Yangtze River Shelter Forest in Sichuan and Chongqing were put forward.


Ordered honeycomb structures on a substrate with a controlled number of defects are generated easily and inexpensively by self-assembly of ring-shaped particles since these particles cannot roll. The ordered structures have potential applications in catalysis, separations, coatings, microelectronics, and optoelectronics.


Sovereignty is a concept that became generally accepted in western Europe around the middle of the 17th century. The Treaty of Westphalia in 1648 is a convenient date to mark this occurrence. States with central power and direction had emerged out of the decentralized and somewhat chaotic organizations of medieval times, and they waged wars against each other as well as with assorted brigands, maurauders, and outlaws. By 1648, they had virtually exhausted themselves and had also devastated Europe, primarily as the result of all-out religious conflicts culminating in the Thirty Years War. They decided to accept some rules, and in a way that decision was meant to close and to fix the community of states and to preserve the status quo.


Objective: To investigate the association of calf circumference (CC), mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) and their derivative indexes (waist-to-arm and waist-to-calf circumference ratio) with prevalence of hypertension. Methods: A total of 47,677 individuals aged 35–70 years with measurement of CC, MUAC and blood pressure were available for analysis. CC and MUAC were measured under standardized training. The association of CC and MUAC with hypertension were tested in logistic regression analyses and reported as odds ratio (OR) with 95% CI. Subgroup analysis for BMI was conducted. Results: CC and MUAC were positively correlated with hypertension in the crude model. When adjusted for the BMI and waist, larger CC and MUAC were associated with a lower hypertension prevalence rate. It was stable after adjusted for demographic characteristics, lifestyle behaviors and health status [OR of 0.96(0.91, 1.03), 0.90(0.83, 0.97), and 0.85(0.80, 0.90) for Q2, Q3, and Q4 for CC, P for trend < 0.05, respectively; OR of 1.00(0.94, 1.07), 0.94(0.88, 1.00), and 0.82(0.76, 0.88) for Q2, Q3, and Q4 for MUAC, P for trend < 0.05, respectively]. Larger waist-to-arm and waist-to-calf circumference ratios were correlated with a higher risk of hypertension. For the overweight (BMI 24–28 kg/m2) group, as the CC or MUAC increased, a significant trend for a lower prevalence of hypertension was observed [OR of 0.87(0.77, 0.98), 0.84(0.75, 0.95), and 0.79(0.69, 0.90) for Q2, Q3, and Q4 for CC, P for trend < 0.05, respectively; OR of 0.86(0.76, 0.97), 0.77(0.69, 0.87), and 0.71(0.63, 0.80) for Q2, Q3, and Q4 for MUAC, P for trend < 0.05, respectively].


The main purpose is to investigate the strong convergence of the Euler method to stochastic differential inclusions(SDIs) under global Lipschitz condition and the linear growth condition.It is first shown that SDIs with the initial value have a solution under global Lipschitz condition and the linear growth condition.Then the convergence of numerical solutions to SDIs under the same conditions is established.Finally,an example is provided to illustrate the theory results.


Abstract The ability to continuously innovate is of critical importance to the long-term success of enterprises, especially to the agricultural high-tech enterprises in China currently facing some crises of slow growth and mistrust from their customers. Based on the first-hand survey data of 125 agricultural hi-tech enterprises and extensive literature review, this paper attempts to analyze the innovation capability of Agricultural High-Tech Enterprises from two perspectives: technological and institutional. The corresponding index system was constructed based on certain theoretical frameworks to assess the innovation capability in detail. The main conclusions are as follows: the overall level of technological innovation (TI) capability is barely acceptable; the TI input capability of enterprises is stronger than the implementation and output capabilities; the institutional innovation capability of these enterprises is lower than TI capability, which to a certain extent hindered the development of the latter. Relevant suggestions are derived based on these conclusions.


1.1 Basic defence documents The budgetary system for the Malaysian defence sector is allocated under the 'security' sector and includes both internal security and defence subsectors. It is based on a formal five-year planning structure which establishes forcemanpower-funding planning levels to guide the formulation of the annual budget covering both Development Expenditure (DE) and Operating Expenditure (OE) of the Ministry of Defence (MINDEF). The five-year plans project future spending trends and are used as the primary planning instruments for the development or acquisition of new capabilities. Malaysia's defence budget is modest compared to many countries. It is based on a percentage of annual government expenditure rather than pegged to GDP or GNP. While there is little doubt that pegging the defence budget to GNP/GDP provides greater certainty in planning and implementation, as well as an increase in transparency, the government is of the view that there are competing priorities, in particular government spending on socio-economic development. Defence allocation therefore depends on the question of affordability on the part of the government. There is no single official document from the federal government of Malaysia that elaborates the defence budget and the spending of the Ministry of Defence (MINDEF). However, there are several important documents released by the federal government which concern the spending and finance management in MINDEF each year. MINDEF's detailed DE is tabled in the Malaysia Plans that are presented to Parliament every five years. Under the 9 th Malaysia Plan (2006-2010), defence is expected to be the third largest beneficiary from Malaysia Expenditure in 2008, in both OE and DE according to sectors, as shown in Table 1. Sector OE (RM million)


We report first digital integrated circuits in the transferred-substrate HBT technology. Emitter coupled logic (ECL) and current mode logic (CML) 2:1 static frequency dividers were fabricated. The circuits operated at a peak clock frequency of 48 GHz and 47 GHz respectively.


Introduction. Measuring Desire for Control. Social Interactions. Social Influence. Achievement Behavior and Intrinsic Motivation. Attributions and Information Processing. Well-Being, Adjustment and Health. Depression. Gambling Behavior. Conclusion.


Abstract : Subjective intelligibility scores are determined for various combinations of signal-to-noise ratios, clipping, filtering, and pre-emphasis/de-emphasis. These are compared with scores derived using linear predictive coding (LPC). An overall correlation of 0.88 is obtained between the two sets of scores. (Author)


Figure 4 Chilli, Capsicum annum, is an annual herbaceous vegetable and spice grown in almost all the states of India. Anthracnose (fruit rot) of chilli caused by Colletotrichum species results in both preand post-harvest fruit decay with yield losses of up to 50% (Pakdeevaraporn et al., 2005). The different species of Colletotrichum causing chilli anthracnose reported from India include: Colletotrichum acutatum, C. capsici, C. coccodes, C. dematium, C. gloeosporioides and C. siamense. In August 2014, chilli fruits showing typical anthracnose symptoms of sunken necrotic tissues with concentric brown black rings of acervuli were obtained from a farmer's field in Jalna, Maharashtra, India.


Noll and Benedict (1981) are astute observers and they contrib ute an element of order and differentiation where textbook and popular depictions often differ from the reality seen by both clini cian and researcher. They note that among psychotic children there is a group that first show the symptoms of autism and then when old er, the symptoms of childhood schizophrenia. Since the two diag noses are supposed to be quite separate, the clinical evidence pro vides a basis for a new diagnosis. Their contribution reminds one of the creation of a schizo-affective diagnosis when syndromes theo retically supposed to be independent also were found to occur to gether in some patients. Symptom clusters that fall between (rather than within) existing categories do suggest new categories. The critical work of compar ing the accepted definition against the detail of a particular case and then finding comparable exceptions is a demanding enterprise and the present paper rates highly within this mode of scholarly effort. However, there is an alternative view regarding these messy cases, namely, that they point up gross flaws in the very structure of the classification scheme rather than limitations in its detail. The nature


In recent years the spread and dynamic of information and communications technologies (ICT) across Europe have been steadily increasing. Today the high importance of ICT for the EU [European Union] economy and business, services, domestic and leisure activities is obvious. ICT developments have created an 'information society' with consequential new possibilities and challenges in all areas of work and life. This is especially true of ICT work itself. ICT practitioners - skilled and highly skilled ICT staff - are needed to manage business and work processes in both the core ICT sector and in ICT user industries. To understand, produce and use the new information and communications technology (computers, networks, the Internet, new hard- and software applications, e-commerce, fixed and mobile telecommunications, consumer electronic devices, digital cameras and television, etc.) increasingly demands a wide range of ICT competences and skills. This report is part of a series of four studies which Cedefop launched in support of the e-Europe programme and e-skills forum set up by the European Commission in 2003, covering three user industries (automotive, banking and financing, media and graphic arts) and the ICT manufacturing industry. Its focus is on subdegree level skills and training issues. The contents are: Executive summary; Introduction; Industry need for ICT skills and practitioners: demand and supply; ICT curriculum development guidelines and new European training solutions; Cooperation in initial VET and continuing training at European level; Conclusion and recommended action; Bibliography. Case studies of an ICT systems and software company are included as an appendix.


The output characteristics of tracking type concentrator photovoltaic (CPV), tracking type silicon solar cell, and fixed silicon solar cell were compared in Japanese meteorological condition. At first, the module characteristics were evaluated. In the noon, output power of the CPV module was twice the crystalline silicon modules. In the morning and evening, tracked modules generated higher power due to the tracking. Next, the characteristics of 14 kW CPV system and 50 kW multi‐crystalline silicon PV system were evaluated and compared. The output of CPV system was high but unstable because the CPV system was susceptible to meteorological conditions. The CPV system runs ahead of the crystalline silicon PV system under the conditions that the global irradiance per a day is more than 5 kWh/m2 and the direct normal irradiance per a day is more than 4 kWh/m2.


In this work, the results of a new technique for developing oxygen gas sensors with polymer optical fibers are shown. The transducer is a locally tapered optical fiber with a ruthenium complex directly embedded into the fiber itself. The complete setup is based on a side-illumination scheme in order to get a high signal-to-noise ratio with conventional lowcost optoelectronic devices. Different tests to measure fluorescence intensity spectral distribution, fluorescence lifetime and dynamic response of the sensor have been carried out.


Anhui Province is a developing province in Central China. Its rising firstly requires the of accumulation of human capital. Yet, talents stream out or are seriously wasted for the undeveloped economic condition. Thus, it is necessary to absorb, keep, educate talents by taking all kinds of measurements and devote major efforts to developing human resource.


Where C commences an arbitration against a non-existent entity E, and D defends the arbitration in the guise of E, can an award rendered in favour of E be enforced by D against C?[fn]This article is written in the author's personal capacity. The opinions expressed are entirely the author's own, and do not reflect the views of the Singapore Attorney-General's Chambers.[/fn] This was the key question in National Oilwell Varco Norway AS (formerly known as Hydralift AS) v Keppel FELS Ltd (formerly known as Far East Levingston Shipbuilding Ltd) [2021] SGHC 124 ("Judgment").


A study of the geology of the San Juan Basin of the Colorado Plateau in New Mexico and Colorado was presented. The Age and Formation in which petroleum and natural gas deposits were found were determined by using several examples. The majority of the gas occurred in the Upper Cretaceous Age with small amounts in the Pennsylvanian, Mississippian, and Devonian Age strata. The majority of the oil was found in the Cretaceous Age rock, with smaller amounts in the Devonian, Pennsylvanian, and Jurassic Age rock.


IT IS ARGUABLE that the dual processes of political disintegration and integration under way in Europe have struck Finland harder than any other Western European country except Germany. The great power that for centuries influenced Finnish identity has lapsed into a state of weakness unprecedented in the modern era. All the traditional axioms vis-a-vis the Soviet Union are suddenly obsolete. But not only have old certainties broken down. Finland is now simultaneously faced with new certainties from the opposite direction. European integration pulls Finland into the West more compellingly than at any time since the incorporation of the country into the Russian Empire at the beginning of the nineteenth century. In March 1992, the Finnish government decided to apply for membership in the European Community. Thus, two opposite and largely external tendencies, one originating in the East and another in the West, happen to culminate at one and the same time, putting Finland in a completely new situation. After the Bolshevik Revolution and the concomitant Finnish Civil War, the rise of Soviet Russia provoked nameless horror but also made clear to the victorious Whites in Finland which political course the newly-independent country should follow. The same was true after World War II, as well. The obligations that Finland had to face then were largely undisputed. It was clear to most Finns that a policy had to be formulated that would combine both the interests (the "legitimate" interests, as the saying went) of the Soviet Union and the Finnish objective of remaining independent. Whether Finland defined itself in opposition to the Soviet Union or in compliance, it was that relationship which defined Finland's orientation to the world. Today the situation seems different. Once more the external coordinates have changed, but now they do not seem to necessitate special regard for Russian desires. FINLAND AS AN EASTERN COUNTRY At one level, and somewhat paradoxically, the breakdown of the Soviet Union reveals a number of Eastern or East-Central European characteristics in Finnish political culture. The Polish-French historian, Krzysztof Pomian, has portrayed the Finns as one of those Catholic or Protestant nationalities which in Eastern and Central Europe lived, for decades or for centuries, under the influence of an Orthodox neighbor. After World War II, their destinies were determined, in most cases, by the Soviet Union. In this perspective, the Finns belong in the same group as the Estonians, Latvians, Lithuanians, Poles, Czechs, Slovaks, Austrians, and, in part, the Germans.(1) This perspective illuminates certain parallels in the political and cultural climate of Finland and small, post-socialist countries. With the collapse of the Soviet Union, certain voices from the past in all of these countries have re-emerged. In Finland for the first time since World War II, the veterans of organizations dissolved as "fascist" at the end of the war have come forth proudly stressing the patriotic character of their activity. These include, above all, the Civil Guards, an influential and not only anti-Soviet but also definitely anti-working-class armed organization of the interwar period, as well as the dominant student organization, the Academic Karelia Society (AKS), which in the 1930s closely cooperated with the extreme right-wing party, the People's Patriotic Movement. In a popular magazine, AKS activists are hailed as the "avant-garde of the Finnish educated class," whose work was guided by a "deep ethical conviction."(2) Also, the widely-used pejorative term for the Russians, ryssat, has been reintroduced in the popular vocabulary. Marshal Mannerheim, the commander-in-chief of the Finnish army in World War II but also a controversial figure due to his leading role in the Civil War of 1918 that ended in a bloody White terror, is the object of intense new interest. …


Summary. Use of the Bristol Social Adjustment Guides in the only primary school of a West Berkshire village revealed a significant connection between reading failure and Restlessness throughout the school, and between reading failure and Anxiety for the Approval of Other Children among the 9, 10 and 11-year-olds. Since there was apparently no tendency for Restlessness to increase with age, it seemed possible that such a form of unsettledness or maladjustment (which Stott defines as "an inability to persevere, concentrate or reflect, and a liking for easy moment-to-moment satisfaction") had been a contributory cause of reading failure. It appeared that Anxiety for the Approval of Other Children (sometimes, as Stott points out, to the extent of being led into mischief) might possibly have been caused, at least in part, by reading failure. Although the numbers of children tested were such that there remained some doubt concerning the significance of the conclusions, the results suggested that the incidence of a "Reslessnesss: Reading failure: Anxiety" sequence in children would justify further investigation.


Hemoglobin-binding proteins are demonstrable in the sera of many species [1-5]. Such proteins are generally assumed to be analogous to human serum haptoglobin (Hp). In a number of nonhuman primates, haptoglobin closely resembles the human phenotype Hp 1-1. It migrates as a single band on starch-gel electrophoresis [6, 7], and contains two types of polypeptide chains resembling the /8 and a' chains of Hp 1-1 [8]. Immunologic cross-reactivity among primate haptoglobins has been demonstrated by diffusion in gel [9] and by the turbidometric precipitin method [10] and reflects the structural similarity of these proteins. This is strong evidence for the common evolutionary origin of primate haptoglobin. As is the case with other macromolecules [11], the degree of cross-reactivity among the haptoglobins of various species correlates fairly well with their phylogenetic relationships [10]. The studies mentioned have dealt with the overall immunologic cross-reactivity of the various haptoglobins; their differences and similarities have not been specified in terms of individual structural or functional markers. A more detailed study of this aspect of protein homology would be expected to give information about the progressive evolution of haptoglobin and the factors that influence it. We have previously described an antigenic model of human haptoglobin and have related some of the determinants to specific regions of the haptoglobin molecule [12]. The present report extends this model and compares the structural markers of haptoglobin in man and five other primates. Of eight antigenic determinants defined here, six are correlated with structural and functional sites on the protein. The number of these determinants shared by the haptoglobin of each of the nonhuman primates corresponds to their accepted evolutionary distance from man. The data show that despite considerable variation in the structure of haptoglobin among the species studied, the configuration of the hemoglobin-binding site has been maintained fairly intact in the course of the evolution of these species. It appears that selective pressures favor the maintenance of a relatively well defined configuration at this functional site, while allowing wide variation at others.


Although the literature on International Joint Ventures (IJVs) is already sizeable and steadily growing, there is a paucity of studies on at least four critical issues relating to the growth of IJVs in the South East Asian economies. Firstly, the salient factors influencing the marketing performance of IJVs; secondly, which factors are relatively more important than the others; thirdly, the measurement of the marketing performance of IJVs as opposed to overall business performance; and finally, the importance of marketing orientation to the overall marketing performance of IJVs. This study seeks to fill a part of the gap in the existing literature. More specifically, the research problem involves the identification of the major factors influencing the marketing performance of IJVs in Thailand and the influence of each of the major factors on IJV marketing performance as identified in a structural model.; ;


Governing country with law means much.To reach the basic requirement we should have a government of laws,not men,on the assertion that no one is above the law,and,to manage the state affairs according to the constitution and laws which strictly occupies the rung is the heart of the matter.


A standard area diagram (SAD) set to aid assessment of the severity of coffee leaf rust (Hemileia vastatrix) was prepared and validated, and the characteristics of the rust lesions on Coffea arabica and C. canephora leaves were compared. The results indicated that the lesions were similar, so one scale could be used to evaluate the severity of rust on both species. The proposed SAD set contains illustrations of leaves with six disease severities (2·5, 5, 10, 20, 40 and 80%). The SAD set was validated by 10 raters with no previous experience of disease evaluation. The severity of rust was first estimated without using the SADs, and the same raters assessed the leaves again using the SADs. Regression analysis and Lin's concordance correlation (ρc) analysis of estimated against actual disease severity showed precision and accuracy was significantly better using the SADs, for most raters, with improvements in both the slope and intercept of the regressions, and the values of u, υ (components of accuracy and precision of the ρc) and ρc improved to 60, 70 and 90% of raters, respectively, when the SADs were used. The absolute error was ≤38% without the SADs, and ≤22% with them. Severity estimates were more reliable using the SADs (R2 = 0·70–1·00 unaided, and R2 = 0·80–1·00 using the SADs). The SAD set improved rater assessments for the estimation of arabica and conilon rust severity, and can be used for assessing rust severity for many purposes, including plant breeding, fungicide screening and pathotype characterization.


- This study is experimental research for the effect of gap at the end plate on the performance of extended end-plate type splice. For this research, simple beam type specimens by using extended end-plate type splice are planned. Main variables are the initial gap between end-plates, the installation of finger shim plate before the installation of high tension bolts, the final gap between end-plates, and the installation of finger shim plate after the installation of high tension bolts. The static loading tests results show that the maximum bending strength of splice is not dependent on the gap, but the vertical displacement, initial stiffness and elastic stiffness are affected by the gap. In addition to that, the possibility of brittle fracture is increased when the torque of high tension bolt is used to control the gap. Thus, careful consideration is needed in this case.


This paper traces the early development of Air Liquide, the world's largest producer of industrial gases. By illustrating the dynamism of French industrial capitalism in the early twentieth century, the Air Liquide story calls into question the image of the French as also-rans in the Second Industrial Revolution. The story of Air Liquide also shows that geographical expansion and product diversification do not always lead to adoption of the multidivisional form (as in the case of Du Pont). Instead, Air Liquide remained a relatively small corporation at the center of a cluster of related firms. This paper suggests that the timing of product diversification may explain the differing organizational histories of Air Liquide and Du Pont.


Based on the assumption that road infrastructure information had not been acquired, the road information before and after the emergency transport was extracted by using high spatial resolution remote sensing images. Combined with object-oriented image analysis method, the road and vehicle information was classified in emergency phase. Road area and vehicle area was calculated. Building the vehicle road occupancy model, the purpose of this study was to assess transport congestion, to provide the decision support for the emergency transport management, to supply the technique support for the selection of emergency transport path and the establishment of reasonable emergency scheduling scheme, to lay the foundation for the spatial, knowledgeable and intelligent emergency command and control. A case study was carried out for the Yushu earthquake in April, 2010. The results show that the transport congestion was monitored accurately by using high spatial resolution remote sensing image.


Thirty-one rats were trained on a differential reinforcement of low rate schedule. After responding had stabilized, animals were injected with methylphenidate, twice weekly, presession. Methylphenidate produced dose-dependent increases in response rates and decreases in reinforcements. Repetition of these doses produced a reduced drug effect, and a third administration of the 10 mg/kg dose further reduced the drug effect. Subsequently, the effects of daily and intermittent administration were determined for this dose. Daily methylphenidate, pre-session, produced tolerance to the behavioral effects of methylphenidate and cross-tolerance to the amphetamines. Twice-weekly methylphenidate, pre-session, produced partial tolerance to methylphenidate and partial cross-tolerance to the amphetamines. Thus, periodic exposure to the behaviorally disruptive effects of a drug of the amphetamine class reduces the effects of subsequent exposure.


Introduction: Cancer of uterine cervix, the most common cancer in Indian women where it is second most common cancer and the fifth most common cause of cancer deaths in women. Approximately 80% of cervical cancers occur in developing countries. Clear cell carcinoma of the cervix (CCCC) is a rare subset of adenocarcinomas of the cervix that constitutes 10–20% of all the cervical cancer. Objective: To evaluate the treatment options and their clinical outcome for primary clear cell carcinoma of the cervix. Methods: Retrospective analysis of treatment outcomes and response pattern in patients with primary clear cell carcinoma of the cervix presenting at the department of radiotherapy and oncology from January 2004 till December 2010. Results: Five patients with primary clear cell carcinoma of the cervix with average age 49 years with none of them had a family history of cancer or history of DES exposure. One IIA FIGO stage, one IB FIGO stage and three of patients were IIB FIGO stage. Two patients (IB,IIA) underwent Wertheim's hysterectomy. In view of histopathological revelation of the parametrium involvement, two postoperative patients received adjuvant radiotherapy while three patients received radical concurrent chemo-radiotherapy along with weekly cisplatin. On a follow up of 5 years, one patient showed progressive disease and died after 27 month, one patient defaulted follow up and the remaining three patients had no relapse or metastasis and are on routine follow up. Conclusion: Primary clear cell carcinoma of uterine cervix is a rare disease where patients with low risk early stage may be managed with radical surgery alone, with or without the need for adjuvant chemotherapy or radiation. Advanced stage CCCC should be treated with a combination of platinum based chemoradiotherapy


We describe an investigation of the energetics of the dissociation of ground state hydrazoic acid HN3. The study is limited to the lowest energy spin‐allowed and spin‐forbidden decomposition pathways, namely HN3(X 1A')→N2(X 1Σg+) +NH(a 1Δ,X 3Σ−) and HN3(X 1A') →N3(X 2Πg)+H(2S). Complete active space SCF and multireference configuration interaction calculations with large basis sets are used (a) to determine the NNN–H and NN–NH bond dissociation energies of HN3, (b) to locate the geometry of the transition state for the spin‐forbidden decomposition and the corresponding activation energy, and (c) to investigate the magnitude and origin of the exit channel barrier in the spin‐allowed decomposition channel.


Quantitative, descriptive research was conducted to determine which factors contribute to absenteeism among nurses. A structured self-administered questionnaire was administered to the entire population of nurses who worked at a district hospital in the Limpopo Province. Statistical data analysis, involving factor analysis, frequencies and Chi-squares was performed. The findings revealed that various factors related to the characteristics of the nurse, characteristics of the manager, characteristics of the work and characteristics of the organisation contribute to absenteeism. Professional nurses and sub-professional nurses, as well as nurses younger than 40 and nurses who are 40 years and older, appeared to disagree on the extent to which various factors contribute to absenteeism in the workplace. This study was aimed at assisting organisations and managers in reducing absenteeism in the workplace, and by doing so, improving the quality of
care.


In 2006, with funding from the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (£30k), we built a themed exhibit with the Sensation Science Centre in Dundee. In the main part of the exhibit, which was kitted out as a 'police station', a visitor would see a video of a man pretending to commit a crime and construct a composite of his face using a simplified version of our EvoFIT facial-composite system. Visitors were asked, using written and spoken prompts, to select faces from an array of alternatives, with selected items being 'bred' together, to allow a composite to be 'evolved'. The exhibit then presented a picture of the man's face alongside the evolved composite, example composites created by previous visitors and an average ('morphed') composite from the last four visitors. The exhibit took about five minutes for a user to complete and was accompanied by a 'Research Lab', a station which explained more of the underlying science: themes around evolution, computer-based generation of faces, forensic use of composites, etc. We expected the exhibit to last five years but, partly due to the robustness of the hardware, it remains today and is still popular.


The development of a three hour load prediction model at Detroit Edison is described. All major electric utilities are required to maintain a certain level of integrity, especially during heat storm days. The predicted temperature and the anticipated load may require several operations including: circuit cutover, jumpering, and load transfer; installation of emergency equipment, like portable transformers; additional cooling to some major pieces of equipment; the shutoff of nonessential loads, e.g. air conditioning load, water heating load, etc.; and the adjustment of substation transformer regulators or line voltage regulators as necessary. Many of these operations require prior-knowledge of the system condition, especially loads at various local substations. An accurate short-term load prediction model can provide advance load information, which will help to assign priorities and sequence such operations. In order to perform the necessary remote and local operations including dispatching of the field crews, a three-hour advance notice is considered adequate. The author presents a method of predicting local load at a substation three hours in advance. >


The Promotion Centre for Digital Inclusion, School and Social (Cpides), develops actions and research on social and educational inclusion of people with disabilities. The activities presented in this article were developed in Cpides two Public Students Target Special Education (EPAEE), one with Intellectual Disabilities and the other with Down syndrome. The main objective of this research was to analyze the importance of accessibility in Educational Objects (OE) for inclusion. The methodology relies on the use and analysis of that feature and the results were satisfactory regarding the use of EO as a tool for inclusion on the other hand have a barrier, lack of accessibility of most OE analyzed. We note that it is extremely important the accessibility for inclusion, as in the case of OE accessibility features indispensable for inclusion and use by EPAEE.


Though male breast carcinoma is a rare disease, it is crucial that the nurse practitioner include assessment of the male breast during physical examinations. Male breast carcinoma, when identified at a late stage, has a poor prognosis with a high potential of mortality and morbidity. Prompt referral of any breast mass is essential in reducing deaths related to male breast carcinoma. This case study highlights an incident of preventable death from male breast carcinoma in a 29-year-old patient.


Since the foundation of the first modern university in Berlin in 1809 as a realization of Immanuel Kant's idea, this special institution has gone through many changes in terms of functions and operational models. The most significant trend today is probably Uberization involving all aspects of higher education. Uberization, in our opinion, will lead to the non-campus higher education model and perhaps the death of the traditional university.


This thesis work is concerned with effect of material grade on fatigue strength of welded joints. Fatigue strength evaluation of welded joints in as welded and post weld treated condition was carri ...


caused a great deal of concern regarding both the soundness of banks and the effectiveness of current regulatory practices in this countryJ The largest bank failure in U.S. history occurred last year with the collapse of the Franklin National Bank of New York (total assets of $3.6 billion). One of the immediate causes for the failure of Franklin National was large loan losses in foreign exchange transactions. However, Franklin National also had difficulty generating earnings ratios as high as banks of comparable size which were accepting the same risks.2 Fourteen other banks have failed or were forced into mergers since last fall, the largest being Security National Bank of Long Island (total assets of $1.8 billion), which had large losses in real estate loans. Information on those failmores and forced mergers is presented in Table I.


This paper intends to shed light on the issue of non-implementation of new curriculum reforms by exploring how district officials' understandings of teacher learning and change process can shape the outcomes of the curriculum implementation. This will be done by examining the officials' assumptions about teacher learning and change, their source and impact in the reform implementation process in a district in South Africa. The paper argues that district officials' assumptions influence the nature of the support they give teachers, for they become the lenses for viewing and engaging with teachers. These assumptions, the paper shows, also contribute to shaping the reform implementation or non-implementation process. In conclusion, it is recommended that officials enhance their communication channels and work rapport with teachers as these will facilitate their understanding of the various issues confronting teaching and impacting reform implementation.


Levodopa is the logical treatment in Parkinson's disease (PD) as it replaces dopamine that is lost due to the neurodegenerative nature of the disease. It could be considered a natural agonist and remains the most effective dopaminergic replacement therapy. However, in many patients the efficacy of long-term conventional levodopa therapy is hampered by its association with the progressive development of motor fluctuations.1 Initially, PD symptoms reoccur after prolonged levodopa intake due to progressive shortening of the drug effect duration (the so-called 'wearing-off' phenomenon), resulting in the reappearance of disabling PD symptoms, as well as dyskinesia. Motor fluctuations can become more difficult to manage with late (delayed'on' phenomenon) or even the absence (no-'on' phenomenon) of beneficial effects of levodopa intake. Problematic motor fluctuations can also result from a rapid and sudden reoccurrence of PD symptoms during a successful 'on' that is induced by a single dose of levodopa ('on–off' phenomenon).


AbstractUndertow and longshore current profiles outside of the surf zone were analyzed using a canonical situation involving an alongshore-uniform barred beach. Forcing mechanisms due to the presence of surface gravity waves are of interest. As is customary for surf zone studies, dynamics related to wave breaking and associated wave rollers were included. Also considered were the effects of the wave orbital velocities on the bottom and surface boundary layers. The effect of Earth's rotation in the dynamics is included through two mechanisms: (1) the Coriolis-Stokes stress that results from the effect of Earth's rotation on the wave orbital velocities, and (2) the Coriolis terms in the cross-shore and alongshore momentum equations. Model results qualitatively reproduce observed undertow profile shapes inside and just outside of the surf zone, as well as a few surf zone widths offshore and far offshore on the inner shelf. In particular, the results explain the surface-intensified undertow currents often obs...


(57) Abstract: upon incidence of light, the mold having a sequence of surfaces forming retroreflective cube corner sheet (60) arranged in an array such that it can shine by corner cube elements (80) ( 79).


This article aims to disrupt the grand-narrative about African civil wars in Australian and New Zealand refugee scholarship. To that end, this article investigates the impact of the Cold War and European colonialism in political conflicts that have produced millions of refugees in Africa to illustrate the point that many of the conflicts from which African refugees fled from are partly attributable to the actions of Western powers. This study also argues that the refugee crises in Africa are partly a product of a global system that has been shaped by colonialism and white supremacy, with a key finding that the political analyses of African civil conflicts and wars in Australian and New Zealand refugee scholarship largely focuses on issues such as ethnocentrism or African dictators, without highlighting the global historical context within which African political conflicts occur. Thus, this article shows that this ahistorical reading of African political conflicts enable Australian and New Zealand scholarship on African refugees to conveniently leave out 'unthinkable facts' in the framework of Western thought about Africa.


An authentication system, wherein, the authentication system comprising: input means for placing the organism; imaging means for imaging the living body; storage means for storing said features comprising organism, a plurality of first feature data and registered in advance according to each of the first feature data generated by the second feature data; and a control processing unit, wherein the input data representing captured by the imaging means to the organism, and the wherein said first data and said second control characteristic data, respectively, each of the second feature data size is smaller than each of the first feature data, and includes data of at least a portion of the characteristic features of the organism.


The Fe Al additives were designed for preparing Mo Ti alloys by liquid phase sintering method at low temperatures. The structure development and the densification mechanisms of Mo Ti alloys were mainly investigated. It is found that the Fe Al additives were suitable for the sintering of Mo alloy, Ti alloy and Mo Ti alloys. ( β Ti, Mo) solid solution was partially formed in Mo Ti alloys with different ratios due to the promotion of Fe Al additives, thus evidently improved the relative densities.


The older one gets, the more one must get used to what Byron called "the worst of woes that wait on age," the passing of people with whom one has shared a professional lifetime (Byron 1812). When this is preceded by a long illness, or when the person had seemed frail or vulnerable, the event is sad. But when a model of energy and vigor who had not yet reached 60 goes suddenly, the blow is hard.


American children spend an average of 6 hours and 32 minutes each day using various forms of media. Research has suggested that this high level of exposure has a negative impact on children's attitudes and behaviors. For example, media violence increases aggression in children, especially video games which allows children to be the aggressor and obtain rewards for violent acts against others. In addition, media influences sexual behaviors and attitudes by sending contradictory messages that glamorize sexual activity and disregard the risks of such behaviors. Along with these negative behavioral influences, media also impacts children's health and is linked to the rise of childhood obesity. From 1980 to 2000, rates of children being overweight have doubled, while obesity continually is associated with higher rates of hypertension, asthma, type II diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. The majority of research has found a link between the amount of time children spend watching TV and their body weight. Given that 81% of children age 2-7 use media unsupervised (Kaiser Family Foundation, 1999), parents need to play a more active role in monitoring their children's use of electronic entertainment activities and structuring socialization activities. In this article, we will review behavioral technologies to assist parents in reducing their children's media use.


The paper considers a complex of measures directed on gross maximum realization of power saving potential while producing asphalt-concrete mixture.


Compression ability is most concerned for multiview video (MVV) transmission system because of its massive amount of data. To improve coding efficiency, the Joint Video Team (JVT) standardization body has developed a joint multiview video coding model (JMVC), in which both intra-view and inter-view prediction techniques are exploited to yield a better coding gain. Therefore, how to prevent from error propagation has become a critical issue in multiview video coding (MVC). Error concealment methods for MVC have been widely studied in recent years, but little research has been conducted on error resilience for MVC. Multiple description coding (MDC) provides a promising solution for robust data transmission over error-prone channels, and has found many applications in monoview video communications. However, these MDC frameworks are not applicable to MVC because its prediction structure involves inter-view prediction. To develop an efficient and robust MVC scheme, a novel MDC algorithm for JMVC based on the mode duplication strategy is proposed in this paper. The input MVV sequence is firstly sub sampled in both horizontal and vertical directions, forming four subsequences, X1p, X1d, X2p, and X2d. Then, X1p and X1d are paired to form description 1, and X2p and X2d are grouped to form description 2, respectively. Secondly, X1p and X2p are directly encoded by separate JMVC encoders. Meanwhile, X1d/X2d adopts the best modes and prediction vectors (PVs) of X1p/X2p in corresponding (same spatial) locations to perform prediction coding. Consequently, neither code for best modes and PVs nor time load for mode decision is needed while coding X1d and X2d. Only coding for the prediction errors is required. Because subsequences in the same description are closely resembled each other, the extra prediction errors introduced by this best mode and PV reuse are negligible. Therefore, the bit rate and computational cost for coding X1d and X2d are greatly reduced. The proposed algorithm has been integrated into JMVC 6.0 and experimented on multiple MVV test sequences. The experimental results have shown that the proposed algorithm outperforms the state-of-the-arts of MDC for MVV and stereoscopic video, achieving improvements of 0.5-3dB in central decode and 0.5-3.5dB in side decode at the same bit rate over a wide range from 500kbps to 6000kbps. Comparing with original JMVC, the proposed algorithm saves about 40% encoding time in average.


Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are one of the types of biodegradable polymers that due to having similar properties with polypropylene have been highly used. This polymer has wide applications in the medical, industry and agriculture. However, the cost of PHA produced thus is too high for PHA to compete with the petrochemical plastics, a numbers of strategies for reduce the cost of PHA production has been done. One strategy for this mean is increasing the yield of PHAs production by adding reducing agents to fermentation medium. In this study, the effect of reducing agent on the amount of produced PHAs by addition of different concentrations (W/V) of it to fermentation medium was evaluated. It was observed that reducing agents could be effective to direct metabolic pathway to the PHA production. The results showed that the amount of PHA produced from fermentation medium without reducing agent and by adding reducing agent to fermentation medium amount of produced PHA by microorganism almost 0.18 g/L and 0.5 g/L respectively reached.


Sun-Min Kim·Kyung-Jun Kim Objective : Atractyloides Chinensis Rhizome (ACR) is widely used in oriental medicine as a remedy for an inflammation and an allergic disease. However, as yet there is no clear explanation of how ACR affects the production of inflammatory cytokine. This study was to determine the effects of ACR on the mast cell-mediated inflammatory responses. Method : The amount of inflammatory cytokine production induced by the phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) plus calcium ionophore(A23187) in the human mast cell line (HMC-1) incubated with various concentrations of ACR was measured. The TNF-α protein levels were analysised by Western blots. The TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-8 secreted protein levels were measured by the ELISA assay. The TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-8 mRNA levels were measured by the RT-PCR analysis. NF-κB, phospho-IκB and MAPKs were examined by Western blot analysis. The NF-κB promoter activity was examined by a luciferase assay. Results: 1.The expressions of TNF-α and TNF-α mRNA were decreased dose-dependently at 0.05-0.2㎎/㎖ of ACR and significantly decreased at 0.2㎎/㎖. 2.The expressions of IL-6 and IL-6 mRNA were decreased dose-dependently at 0.05-0.2㎎/㎖ of ACR and significantly decreased at 0.2㎎/㎖. 3.The expressions of IL-8 and IL-8 mRNA were decreased dose-dependently at 0.05-0.2㎎/㎖ of ACR and significantly decreased at 0.2㎎/㎖ specially. 4. The expressions of Phosphorylated-JNK were decreased, not p38, ERK 5.The expressions of NF-κB were decreased dose-dependently at 0.1-0.2㎎/㎖ of ACR. The expressions of Phosphorylated IκB were significantly decreased at 0.2㎎/㎖. In addition, ACR suppressed PMA plus A23187-induced NF-κB promoting activity. Conclusion : It is suggested that ACR should suppress through inhibition of NF-kB activity and cytokine production.Key words : Atractylodes Chinensis Rhizome(ACR), The human mast cell line (HMC-1), MAPKs, NF-κB.


Effective components of opuntia were extracted by using two different solvent In the mean time the antimicrobial activity, minimum inhibition concentration(MIC) and heat stability were studied. It is shown that extracts of opuntia had a notable inhibiting microorganism activity, but they are not effective to Aspergillus niger.95 percent of ethanol extracts of opuntia has a stronger inhibiting activity than water extracts. The MIC for every kind of microorganism is respectively as follows: Proteus valgaris and E. coli, 0.125 g/mL, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus and Penicillium sp., 0.25 g/mL, Rhodotorula sp. Saccharomyces cerevisiae, 0.50g/mL. In addition, extracts of opuntia were excellent in heat stability,it still shows a strong antiseptic power after a treatment of 121℃, 30 min.


This paper presents a model of the determinants of a union's decision to strike. The model states that, assuming management is risk neutral, workers' tastes for risks will be one important determinant of the decision to strike. A risk preference variable from the Panel Survey of Income Dynamics and an injury and illness rate for each of 89 manufacturing industries serve as measures of workers' tastes for risk. The model predicts that industries with high injury rates will experience a disproportionate share of strikes and that a greater share of weakly risk-averse workers will be employed in strike-prone industries than in strike-free industries. The author discovers strong support for the first prediction, but not for the second.


Abstract : A comprehensive literature search was conducted and those experiments related to unsteady turbulent boundary-layer behavior were cataloged. In addition, an international survey of industrial, university, and government research laboratories was made, in which new and ongoing experimental programs associated with unsteady turbulent boundary-layer research were identified. Pertinent references were reviewed and classified based on the technical emphasis of the various experiments that include instantaneous or ensemble-averaged profiles of boundary-layer variables are stressed. Detailed reviews that include descriptions of the experimental apparatus, flow conditions, summaries of acquired data, and significant conclusions are made. The measurements made in these experiments that exist in digital form have been stored on magnetic tape, and instructions are presented for accessing these data sets for further analysis. (Author)


Abstract Like any science, art history is based on certain assumptions proper to the discipline: that every work of art is an absolute and unique statement, that anything man‐made is a work of art, that everything in it is intended by its creator to be there, and that it includes within itself everything necessary for its own decipherment. Art is a form of communication and the art of art history lies in treating art as if it were a natural science of the spirit.


Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH), also known as pseudotumor cerebri, may occur at any age but is primarily a disease of obese women between the ages of 15 and 40. Diagnosis is made based on modified Dandy criteria, which include normal neuroimaging studies, elevated intracranial pressure (ICP) on lumbar puncture, signs and symptoms of elevated ICP, and a non-focal neurologic examination aside from sixth nerve paresis. Presenting symptoms include headache, pulsatile tinnitus, transient visual obscurations, diplopia, and visual field constriction. Diagnosis may be delayed because headache from other causes such as migraine is much more common, and patients may be treated for this condition without improvement before the actual diagnosis is recognized. Ophthalmologic signs may include papilledema and esotropia (from the sixth nerve palsy) as well as visual field and even visual acuity loss; the latter two signs are very ominous, as they indicate severe and potentially permanent visual damage. Medical and surgical options vary depending on the severity of the disease and are used to control headache as well as to prevent vision loss. Because most IIH is associated with obesity, weight loss is an essential element of any treatment regimen, as retrospective as well as prospective studies have shown disease resolution with as little as 6% weight reduction. Secondary causes of high ICP are being recognized in a greater number of IIH patients, and the term idiopathic likely applies to fewer patients than in the past. The underlying pathogenesis of the disorder remains elusive.


Teletext has several strengths that are clearly appreciated by advertising customers-notably its speed and market penetration. As such it represents a solid revenue base for content providers and broadcasters. Nevertheless: Consumers are getting used to the Internet – making teletext look a bit old-fashioned. Also, a plethora o f new technologies (most of them based on digital broadcasting standards) is emerging on the horizon, promising new and enhanced ways of presenting content to audiences, on-demand and with many new possibilities for interactivity and transaction. As a consequence, content-providers and broadcasters need to get ready for technological change and make a decision about which kind(s) of technologie(s) t o place their bets on in the future. Taking such a decision means considering several factors:-Commercial viability: Will the investment pay-off? Can I earn back the money I invest in the new technology – and what is the timeframe we are talking about?-User perspective: Does the technology meet consumers' needs and expectations?-Brand continuity: Can I migrate an existing Teletext brand into the new technology and ensure continuity in marketing my product.-Competitive environment: What is the competition doing? What is the technology with the highest potential for being adapted as a standard and rapidly penetrating the market?


The tendency to incorporate an autonomous learning approach in higher education has been on the rise. An area that renders itself to learner independence is self-assessment. Self-assessment has many forms and can be utilized in higher education contexts to raise learners' awareness of their potentials as well as enhance their performance and skills. This study is aimed at exploring the impact of two self-assessment tools, namely video-recording and self-reflection papers, on the learners' communicative (verbal) and paralinguistic (non-verbal) performance in a communication and presentation skills course at Cairo University Faculty of Engineering. An online survey was conducted at the end of the semester to investigate students' perception on how the assessment tools affected their presentation performance throughout the course. Survey results showed a favourable attitude towards watching the videos and writing reflection papers. Students unanimously agreed that watching their video-recordings has had a positive influence on their subsequent presentation performance. Moreover, writing self-critiques helped them identify areas of weaknesses and strengths, the matter that improved their next presentation performance. However, students reported that assessment tools such as evaluation rubrics provided by the instructor have also been useful in guiding them to focus on both the macro and micro level skill when they watched their videos and wrote their self-reflection papers. In addition, students stated that receiving written feedback from the instructor has had a favourable impact on developing their presentation skills. The paper ends with a recommendation to adopt self-assessment tools in higher education contexts to provide a valuable learning experience to each student. It is worth mentioning that hugely depending on self-assessment methods while totally ignoring the use of guided rubrics and constructive feedback by the instructor may not provide the same learning experience due to students' inadequate understanding of self-evaluation protocols.


Abstract Recent work on dispositions offers a new solution to the long-running dispute about whether explanations of intentional action are causal explanations. The dispute seemed intractable because of a lack of percipience about dispositions and a commitment to Humean orthodoxies about causation on both sides.


This comment takes up the question, addressed by Dunleavy and Preteceille, of the economic, political, and cultural significance of consumption-based cleavages, It is accepted that such cleavages are related to the class system, but Preteceille's suggestion that the latter is necessarily primary is denied. Not only is access to consumption locations structured by factors such as household composition, life cycle, and the use of state power, as well as by class location, but consumption may also generate its own independent effects on the distribution of life chances, Furthermore, the cultural significance of consumption location is underemphasised by both writers, The public–private division is not simply ideologically constituted, as Dunleavy suggests, but reflects real and important variations in people's capacity to exert control and autonomy in crucial areas of their everyday lives, The division now opening up between private-sector and public-sector consumers thus has real and far-reaching economic and cultural foundations.


The Stanford University (California) Overseas Studies Program has offered students the opportunity to study abroad for the past 40 years. In the 1998-99 academic year, the program took its first step toward utilizing technology to offer its students multi-site courses--courses taught by a single faculty member with students participating from several overseas centers. This paper focuses on case studies presenting an analysis of the implementation of the multi-site .courses during the 1998-99 academic year. Included in the case studies are background information on the Stanford Overseas Studies Program and its use of technology; a description of the courses; and an analysis of the courses, including a description of the courses structure and technology. The paper concludes with recommendations for others interested in offering similar courses. (Contains 14 references.)


This article examines how the intersectionality between political, socio-cultural, and demographic factors influences femicide events and women's experiences in Gaza. Based on the testimonies of 13 female first-degree relatives of murdered women and 7 professionals, the article suggests the "politicological" logic of femicide to highlight the interrelationship between Israel's political and Palestinians' patriarchal control of the killed, the bereaved, and women's lives in Gaza. The article reveals that while all murderers are free and some have even fled Gaza, all women remain trapped in an immense political and patriarchal prison, lacking basic feelings of safety and the right to live.


Background: Recently, initiatives are developed internationally, which aim to realize the integration of services across health care, public health, social care and welfare. These initiatives are often labeled as 'population management' (PM). PM initiatives strive to address health needs at all points along the continuum of health and well-being through participation of, engagement with and targeted interventions for the population. Also in the Netherlands the concept of PM was embraced. Several pioneer sites started to develop and implement their interpretation of the concept of PM. During 2013-2017, nine pioneer sites will be evaluated by the National Institute of Public Health and Environment (RIVM) within the National Monitor for Population Management (NMPM). As a first step for the NMPM, we formulated a conceptual framework for PM, which takes into account the heterogeneity of both the PM interventions and their contextual factors. Methods: Firstly, we summarized the literature regarding definitions of population management as well as potential conceptual models on 'integrated care', 'public health' and other sectors. From the definitions of population management used, key elements were defined. Secondly, we synthesized the conceptual models into a new conceptual framework for PM, addressing these key elements. Results: Based on our synthesis of available models and key elements we will present a conceptual framework for PM. The framework elaborates on the conceptual framework for PM of the Care Continuum Alliance (CCA) [1]. We extended and refined this CCA model regarding the description of the applied patient-centered interventions, outcome measures as well as the qualitative evaluation. Next to that, we adjusted the model that it is more suitable to serve as an analytic framework to evaluate multiple PM initiatives within the NMPM. 14th International Conference on Integrated Care, Brussels, April 2-4 2014 International Journal of Integrated Care – Volume 14, 01 October – URN:NBN:NL:UI:10-1-116097– http://www.ijic.org/


Like many developing economies, services have emerged as crucial economic activities in South Asia; yet, this cannot increase the rapid growth in the intra-trade in the region. To find out the service trade potential in the region, this article uses revealed comparative advantage indices to assess the comparative advantage and the indicative trade potential of different South Asian countries in various services sub-sectors. The study reveals that there stands complementarities in the trade of services as Pakistan and Sri Lanka have a competitive advantage in Transport Services, while India has a competitive advantage in Computer and Information Services and Other Business Services. In travel services, Maldives and Nepal possess competitiveness, while Bangladesh in Government Services. The study reveals that competitive services have not explored the potential yet. India being the most robust economy of the region must provide a pivotal role in making negotiations and commitments under the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) Agreement on Trade in Services (SATIS), particularly in competitive services. JEL: F1, G2, F5


Wobei exploration district is a drainage network area, it is hard to carry out seismic construction. Therefore, this paper has suggested a kind of data collection's method with regular bundle form observation as the basic method and special observation . The method is suitable for complex surface conditions. The seismic information of"blank area"have been gotten, and some experience in the 3D seismic exploration under the similar condition have been gained using this method.


At autumn's end in 1998, my wife, Sarah, and I returned from a month-long holiday in Zimbabwe and South Africa. We had deliberately timed our visit to coincide with the centenary celebrations of my old school, Prince Edward. I had packed holiday reading that, in hindsight, was quite apposite. The big book was Dennis Judd's Empire: A History of the British Imperial Experience from 1765 to the Present (Judd 1996), and the divertissement consisted of Ved Mehta's collection of essays, The Art of the Craft (Mehta 1998). A combination of readings, people and places re-encountered, ceremonies suffered, treasures rediscovered, and memories revived conspired to provide the proverbial grist for what became a preoccupation with numerous and, in my mind, related themes. The persisting themes had a loose, and convenient, thread running through them in the form of Cecil John Rhodes. It is not clear quite how one handles people like Cecil Rhodes nowadays. It is clearly démodé to applaud or write panegyrics about historical Žgures like Rhodes, yet at the same time simply to castigate them appears too easy and rather overdone, if incontrovertible. According to some, we are to view such Žgures as redoubtable men (yes,


The essential feature is the curved formation of the bone groove and of the bone graft. The field of indication of the Matti-Russe's operation is widened and the mechanical stability increased.


Congenital or infantile pseudarthrosis of the tibia is a rare condition, but one which has proved to be taxing to successive generations of orthopedic surgeons. Until 1930, amputation was the regular treatment of choice. However, within the past 50 years attitudes have changed. The current emphasis is on conserving the affected limb whenever there is the chance that it will be functional without an unacceptable degree of shortening. Surgery has almost invariably been advocated in these children, and a variety of different techniques proposed. When the results of surgery in reasonably large series of patients are reviewed (Camurati,' Lindemann," S ~ f i e l d , ' ~ Andersen,' Morrissy,'*) success rates are noticeably variable. There is little doubt that this variability reflects the generally accepted fact that congenital pseudarthrosis is not a single disease, but one that embraces several distinct clinicopathologic entities with differing prognoses, e.g., Boyd and Sage: Boyd,3 and N i ~ o l l . ' ~ As


Thank you for reading the shadow of callimachus studies in the reception of hellenistic poetry at rome. As you may know, people have look hundreds times for their favorite books like this the shadow of callimachus studies in the reception of hellenistic poetry at rome, but end up in malicious downloads. Rather than reading a good book with a cup of coffee in the afternoon, instead they juggled with some malicious virus inside their desktop computer.


This paper investigates the performance analysis of diversity combining over flat fading channels subject to additive impulsive noise. Specifically, the impulsive noise follows the symmetric -stable (S S) distribution. Tradition- ally, this is a dicult problem since the analytical expression for the probability density function of a general S S distri- bution remains unknown. In order to tackle this diculty, we adopt Fourier power transform to obtain an exact bit error rate (BER) expression for the Genie-aided receiver as well as a BER upper bound for the conventional linear matched filter receiver, without taking any approximation. Monte- Carlo simulations are performed to validate our analytical results. The simulation results show that our proposed BER expressions are valid in the whole geometric signal-noise- ratio (GSNR)ranges, thus outperformingthe previous results valid only at high GSNR values.


Abstract The coasts of the island of Crete, which has a long history of human presence and a recent increase in tourism, industrialization, and urbanization, were surveyed and their condition assessed. The surveyed coastal areas were separated into various categories according to their ecological and aesthetic value and according to the intensity of human activities. The northern coasts have a different set of values and are subject to a different level of activities, some higher and others lower, than the southern coasts. The presence of people and trampling, the movement of vehicles on the beaches, the presence of houses and cultivation next to the coasts, and grazing by sheep and goats are the main human activities. The results of the survey show that the coasts of Crete retain many of their original natural characteristics and, with some planning, protection is still possible.


A framework is proposed for investigating the verification and synthesis of controllers for real-time discrete event systems. In the framework, plants and controllers are modelled with extended state machines (ESMs), and a real-time temporal logic (RTL) is used for specification of required plant behaviour and for verifying that controllers satisfy their specifications. Controllers are implemented as tasks in a real-time distributed programming language. This paper discusses the issues of modelling and specification.


Many Brazilian schools have already adopted a teaching methodology through research, contributing thus to the scientific literacy of the students. In this context, it is the role of the elementary school to provide opportunities for researcher-students to, besides popularizing their research to their peers, also popularize it to a non-specialist audience. This paper discusses the results of a pedagogical proposal that sought to bring science popularization to the classroom in a mother tongue class. The proposal, applied in a public technical high school, culminated in the production of written news as a discourse genre in the sphere of science popularization journalism. The results showed the importance of working with science popularization and reaffirmed the necessity for language education curriculum design to be linked to social practices. Besides, the experience reinforced the importance of interaction between teacher and students and, also, between the students themselves.


This paper investigated in the numerical simulation model to calculate the Earth magnetic field components at north provinces of Najaf city (Longitude 44.316 o -44.3592 o E and Latitude 32.0508 o 32.0256 o N). The components of the Earth magnetic field (total intensity (F), horizontal intensity (H), declination (D), inclination (I), the north component(X), the east component(Y), and Down component(Z)) were found by using spherical harmonic world magnetic model (WMM2010). A great deal of anomaly has been discovered in all components of the Earth magnetic field at the selected region (Long. 44.345 o -44.335 o E, Lat.32.042 o -32.032 o N) using Kriging method. This anomaly can be attributed either to oil rich region or cracking in the Earth crust. WMM2010, Geomagnetic field anomaly, Contour map.


Because IT security guidelines for universities and colleges mostly focus on hardware aspects, the problems such as security incidents by a user's mistake and personal information leakage by hacking are serious in our higher educational institutes. In order to solve these information protection and security problems in the educational institutes, realizable and implementable information protection and security guidelines which will contribute to escalate information protection level should be established and at the same time, specific guidelines should be provided to make the guidelines efficient. In this paper, the information security problems and cases are categorized to develop information security guidelines for the higher educational institutes in terms of short, mid, and long term aspects and the solutions to the problems are sought. In addition, a serious of approaches to the information security are proposed such as the improvement measures for the employees of the institute to have desirable security-minded, security problem prevention and resolving methods, developing conflict coordination procedure and law and regulation system establishment for making the educational institutes be information-oriented.


Four principles are presented here to guide administrators who work with at-risk students. They are based on the promise that experiencing suc cess is necessary for everyone.