Quantity Theory is a foolproof theory. This Theory is based on Law of Conservation of Wealth. This Theory tests positive with Law of Mass Action of reversible economic (chemical) reactions. Study of utility ( I call utility as all that a human being needs) helps us understand Quantity Theory better. Utility and water have similarities. Water is a form of matter and utility is a form of wealth. Water is universal solvent and so is utility. All other forms of wealth dissolve in utility. Water is in the form of H + OH. Similarly utility exists in the form of Goods and services which are otherwise called as WANTS by economists + money and money related forms of wealth that are called as MEANS by economists. According to Law of Law of Conservation, value of wants = value of means. Any economic entity, be it an individual, a family, a society, a business firm, a state or a nation tries to attain equilibrium between wants and means. Quantity Theory is relevant to all branches of Economics.


As a transmission gear box is widely used in areas such as the mechanical transmission,the growth rate and deceleration,the working conditions directly affect the normal operation of the machine or set.Provides a thorough description of the design and application of wavelet neural network fault diagnosis method based on DSP,which can be applied to TI's C2000、C5000 and C6000 DSP series platform,has good use-value,the system achieved the desired results when it is applied to fault diagnosis of JZQ250 gearbox.


Field study, on the evaluation of sulfosulfuron for weeds in wheat under varied irrigation frequencies, conducted in 1996–97 and 1997–98, revealed that irrigation frequency (2 to 6) did not affect neither the density nor the dry weight of different weed species except Rumax maritimus L. whose dry weight was increased significantly with six irrigations as compared to two irrigations applied to wheat crop. Application of sulfosulfuron significantly controlled all the weed species and reduced their dry weight over weedy check. The maximum response was recorded at lowest level i. e. 20g/ha−1


Abstract The application of individual components in the milling machine design must be monitored because of the mechanical load affecting individual parts. For this reason, defined and monitored parameters within the design include, for example, individual fixed elements, the acting forces and the material properties of individual parts. In fact, the material properties are one of the main criteria included in the control calculations and numerical simulations that were developed to verify the proposed structure.


To deal with the serious impact on urban traffic, society, ecological environment and energy system by the aggregated motorization in cities, both China and foreign countries have gradually come up with a series of policies and initiatives targeting at the non-motorized traffic by cyclists and pedestrians. Under such a background, the research studies four sub-districts of Tuanjie hu, Hujialou, Liulitun and Balizhuang at the central area of Chaoyang District, Beijing, and tries to find the interrelation between the preferences of non-motorized agents in densely populated urban central area and the construction of non-motorized transportation network. By discussing the non-motorized travel routes, road patterns and facility layout according to various needs of the target group, the research aims to deal with the construction of non-motorized transportation system in the densely populated central area in Beijing. Through questionnaire and interview, the research conducts an in-depth survey on residents travel purposes, behavioral regularities and users assessment for the current non-motorized routes, and acquires an understanding about their preferences on choice of roads due to different travel purposes, problems from using current non-motorized routes and thereby their preferred road patterns, and the preferred facility layout that meet local residents behavioral regularities. By simulating the optimization of two types of non-motorized routes for commute and recreation with the Cost Distance Module, the research constructs three types of non-motorized routes: comprehensive, commute and recreation, with a total length of 65.8km. The research also reconstructs the road patterns for urban expressway, major arterial, minor arterial and connector on the road section for commute and recreation, adding green belts and low road fence to segment non-motorized routes. Meanwhile, the research establishes a three-tier NMT facility service center system which incorporates bicycle service (ranging from bike renting, parking and maintenance to vehicle shift), NMT signs, informational signs, vendor booths, public bathrooms, benches, and trash bins. Thus an integral non-motorized traffic network at the urban central area of Beijing is built up.


Submicrometer-sized spheres of iron oxide were obtained by laser irradiation of cuboidal Fe3O4 particles dispersed in ethanol, acetone, and toluene. Sphere formation condition and sphere size are explained based on a relationship between particle size and laser fluence required for solid-liquid phase transition of Fe3O4, which is calculated by equating the melting enthalpy and the optically absorbed energy derived from Mie theory. FeO was partially formed by laser irradiation at 200 mJ pulse-1 cm-2 in ethanol, acetone, and toluene. The reduction reaction is not simply due to thermal decomposition of Fe3O4, but due to the reduction by chemical species generated from solvent surrounding Fe3O4 particles melted by laser irradiation. Ethanol was more reductive than the other two solvents; Fe is formed even at 200 mJ pulse-1 cm-2. This is probably due to chemical reactivity of produced iron oxides and chemical species transiently generated from solvent.


Objection: The study aimed to explain the effects and mechanisms of long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) MIAT in development of colon cancer. Methods: The adjacent and cancer tissues which were collected from 30 cases colon cancer patients were evaluated pathology by HE staining
 and lncRNA MIAT expression by ISH assay. In the vitro study, SW620 cells were divided into NC, siRNA-control and siMIAT groups. Measuring cell proliferation, apoptosis, cell cycle, invasion and migration by CCK-8, flow cytometry, transwell and wound healing, and evaluating the relative
 proteins expressions by WB assay. Results: Compared with adjacent normal tissues, the lncRNA MIAT was significantly up-regulation in colon cancer tissues (P < 0.001). By cell experiment, with lncRNA MIAT knockdown, the cell proliferation was significantly depressed (P
 < 0.001) via significantly improving cell apoptosis and keeping the cell in the G1 phase (P < 0.001, respectively); the invasion SW620 cell number and wound healing rate were significantly suppressed (P < 0.001, respectively). The relative proteins (CDK2, Cyclin D3 and
 MMP-9) expressions of siMIAT group were significantly down-regulation compared with those of NC group (P < 0.001, respectively). Conclusion: Our study found that lncRNA MIAT expression is closely associated with colon cancer and may be one of key roles in progression and metastasis
 in colon cancer.


In accordance with the legal philosophical principle that a branch law should have only a designated regulatory target,financial law that is composed of financial regulation law,financial supervision law and financial transaction law cannot be deemed as a separate cranch law.However,this has been largely ignored in the economic law studies,especially in the study of macro-control laws.That is the reason why financial supervision law and financial transaction law,distinct from financial regulation law,are incorporated into the macro-regulatory system.Apart from financial transaction law that differs drastically from financial regulation law,confusion does exist between financial regulation law and financial supervision law.This paper,from the angle of the regulatory target,juristic act and sources of law,compares financial regulation law with financial supervision law and tells their difference hoping in this way to improve the study of financial law and macro-control laws.


In solving math problems, students including many students experience difficulties, so there is a high probability of experiencing errors in answering questions. This study aims to analyze student errors in solving mathematical problems in matrix material, linear algebra and matrix courses and describe student learning outcomes errors in linear algebra and matrix courses, then identify factors that affect student learning outcomes errors in linear algebra and matrix courses. This type of research is qualitative descriptive research with a case study method. Sampling was done using purposive sampling technique with tests and interviews. The sample of this study consisted of 37 4th semester students who had an average that was still below the limit of completeness in mathematics courses in the previous semester. The results showed that the factors that influence student learning outcomes errors are a) less careful in understanding the problem, b) lack of time management when working on problems, c) lack of focus when working, d) lack of mastery of concepts, formulas and calculation procedures in matrix operations, e) lack of mastery of basic mathematical operations, f) lack of caution and thoroughness.


With the popularization of high resolution remote sensing data of domestic satellite in such fields as land resources,geology,and environment,domestic high-resolution remote sensing data are likely to become the preferred data source for monitoring the development status of mining areas in the near future. Using the ZY-102 C and GF-1 images,the authors designed an integrated solution for geodatabase building of remote sensing images,image processing,geometric correction,information extraction,spatial calculation,statistical analysis,and final mapping production,and successfully applied such means to the related work in Tibet. The results achieved by the authors can increase the depth and scope of the application of the domestic satellite remote sensing data,and provide technical support and paradigms for large-scale and multi-period dynamic remote sensing monitoring of mines.


Complications 1. The deliberate avoidance of drainage does not prevent the continuance of soft-tissue breakdown, and an accumulation of pus may need evacuation. This has so far been found to be sterile, and the resultant sinus closes rapidly. 2. Persistence of discharge, sometimes associated with a change in bacteria, has occurred twice. In each instance it has been due to incomplete removal of affected bone. One case was subsequently reoperated on with success. The other, which acquired a coliform infection about the tenth day, became much more extensive, and has not yet been subjected to further operation. 3. In two cases removal of all infected bone has created a section of mandibular continuity. In one elderly woman no fixation was necessary, and satisfactory union occurred. In the other case the division was close to the condylar neck, and splintage was applied. It is as yet too early to assess the final result, but union seems to be progressing. 4. When the main infection lies on the lingual side of the jaw the detached muscles of the floor of the mouth swing away from the bone, and in these cases closure of the skin alone leaves a large cavity. It may not always be wise to close the whole wound in these circumstances, but rather to pack with penicillin gauze. Although this may result in bacteriological control, there is no reason to expect much increase in the rate of healing. Summary It is pointed out that penicillin is unlikely to give bacteriological control in the presence of sequestra or unfavourable surgical conditions. It is therefore no substitute for adequate surgery. In four cases in which penicillin has been used as a " prophylactic" there is evidence that the infection has been rapidly controlled without any undesirable local effects. A conception of the dominant role of vascular disaster in the causation of bone infection is advanced, and a technique for treatment of osteomyelitis of the jaw based upon this is described. The adjuvant effect of penicillin has led to the conversion of the original open method to a closed one, with all the advantages this confers. In the 16 cases so treated elimination of all penicillinsensitive organisms, satisfactory soft-tissue healing, and good regeneration of the bone have taken place, so that recovery from what has hitherto been an extremely chronic condition has been effected in an average of about 30 days.


This article is devoted to the difficulties of studying mathematics at university because of poor school knowledge. We have shown main gaps in school course and found methods of their elimination. The article contains the main theoretical postulates which are necessary for the process of teaching mathematics at school. There are useful recommendations for school teachers to solve the problem of successful teaching mathematics at the institution of higher education. The practical significance of this article is proved by the variant of the state exam adapted for applicants entering a technological institution. The authors have clearly defined the topics which should be paid attention to at school. Some drawbacks have been found in the school final exam because it doesn't correspond to the requirements of teaching mathematics at a higher institution. There are samples of tasks given on particular mathematical topics. They are included into the graduation test.


Deeply-driven ground rod in the rainy season may contact with rainwater and ground water. When surge voltages are applied to the submerged ground rods, the ionization around the ground rods are occurred. Ionization in soil and/or water is affected in dynamic performance of ground rod systems. This work aims at studying the transient performance of ground rod system under impulse voltage using scale model in an electrolytic tank. The potential reduction and energy dispersion caused by ionization were treasured and quantitatively analyzed using the Matlab Program. As a result, the peak voltage at the terminal of ground rod was varied with water resistivity and charging voltage of Marx generator. The potential at the terminal of the ground rod was approximately reduced to a half of the applied voltage just below breakdown voltage. Also the energy more than half of the applied energy was dispersed through the ground rod due to ionization just below breakdown voltage.


THE CONTRIBUTION WHICH DEMAND-RESPONSIVE BUSES ARE MAKING IN THE PUBLIC TRANSPORT FIELD PARTICULARLY IN NORTH AMERICA, ARE REVIEWED. COSTS, REVENUES, POSSIBILITY OF USING THE LABOUR AND STOCK IN NON-PEAK-DEMAND HOURS ARE DISCUSSED.


Bacteria population density modulates the effectiveness of antibiotic treatment. Better understanding of the dynamics between bacteria density and antibiotics helps designing improved treatment strategies, and prevent emergence and spread of drug resistance. In here we describe a droplet microfluidic platform designed for parallel analysis of multiple bacteria inoculum densities. We generate a color-coded series of bacteria inoculum densities, split them into 2nL droplets, and pool them together for incubation and analysis. During cefotaxime treatment of bacteria we observed strong inoculum effect, often associated with beta-lactam antibiotics. The technology also revealed two types of phenotypic heterogeneity in our test strain. Firstly, we observed heterogeneity in growth inhibition in samples starting from single bacteria. At sub-inhibitory antibiotic concentrations only a ~10% fraction of bacteria manage to start viable colony in droplet. That hints for a phenotypical differences in molecular mechanisms responsible for reducing effects of beta-lactams. Secondly, we saw intensive clumping of bacteria that is modulated by the inoculum density and antibiotic concentration. The clumping is most intensive at sub-inhibitory concentrations of cefotaxime. Such diversity in population heterogeneity would have been difficult to spot with conventional cytometry or microscopy methods. This demonstrates that the technology we describe here opens up new possibilities in modern microbiology, especially in investigating antibiotic susceptibility and drug resistance.


A pseudospectral formulation of the full configuration interaction method is presented in this paper. This represents the first application of the pseudospectral approximation to configuration interaction expansions. It is shown that a formal scaling advantage of n, the number of molecular orbital basis functions, is achieved. The spectral and pseudospectral total energies obtained for a series of first‐row atoms and ions are compared. The relative operation counts of the spectral and pseudospectral methods are also discussed in this paper. Finally, two hybrid spectral/pseudospectral approximations that vastly improve the accuracy of the pseudospectral total energies are presented.


The device of EUROTHERN 590 DC speed adjusting with its parameter setting, internal system configuration is introduced in detail in this paper. The design method of the subsection drive system for paper machine, which is made up of EUROTHERN 590 DC digit speed adjusting system, is also involved.


An Electronic Transportation Payment System, ETPS, consists of radio-frequency identification tags and smart cards to facilitate an electronic payment or tolling transaction. This research investigates the security and privacy breaches that arise with such systems. A website was created to develop awareness of the problem and it contains a database of news events in which violations of security and privacy breaches are reported. It also defines ten breach attributes that characterize breaches and assigns those pertinent to the events appropriately. This website makes articles available to users as well as provides a quick summary of each article. Users can sort news articles by year, location, breach identification number and by type of breach. It also provides statistical counts and bar graphs of the number of breaches that have occurred worldwide by each year, by type and by attribute. In this study, the ETPS database has been expanded and a more thorough statistical analysis provided. It also facilitates login-protected accounts for researchers to continue adding articles to the database, identity the breach-types and attributes and submit a summary. The expanded website has scripts implemented that automatically update the bar graphs as the database expands. A preliminary database of news events resulted in an observed surge of breaches in 2008. This study reinforced the validity of this result and finds that the surge continued in 2009. This research study investigates a possible correlation in the surge of breaches and transponder technology usage. The study has also found that when a privacy breach occurred, it was likely that a security breach occurred.


The present invention provides an electronic apparatus and a wireless device checking method which can determine a plurality of wireless communication modes corresponding to the wireless devices which can be connected actually, and select any wireless communication mode. A vehicle-mounted device (1) is equipped with a wireless device retrieval section (61) which can be connected with the wireless device via the plurality of wireless communication modes, and is configured to retrieve a connectable wireless device for each of the plurality of wireless communication modes; a wireless communication mode display processing section (62) for displaying the wireless communication modes of the wireless devices which can be connected via the wireless device retrieval section (61), and a display processing part (20) and a display device (22).


Here we demonstrate a facile strategy of preparing gold nanoparticle (AuNP) crown ether assemblies by the generation of strongly binding dithiocarbamate (DTC) modified benzo-15-crown-5; we also report the efficient and selective ion sensing property of the novel assembly for K(+).


This research investigates the use of quantum teaching to improve
students' speaking skill. This research used experiment research,
it was conducted based on the main problems, 1) How is the
students' speaking skill at the firsts grade of MAN Cikeusal?
2)How is the effectiveness of Quantum method in teaching
students' speaking skill? the researcher collected data from 50
students that spared into two classes. one class as experimental
class and another one is as the control class. The researcher used
quasi experimental design with use the instruments were three
stages are pre- test, treatment, and post-test. Population of the
research was the First Grade students' of MAN Cikeusal,
academic year 2017/2018. The sample of the research used class
X MIA as experimental research and class X IIS as control class.
The result of this research shows that the students speaking
abilities who use quantum teaching achieved better performance
than those who doest not use Quantum teaching The result of the
data analysis is using t-test the value of is 4,40, the degree of
freedom 58. In the degree significance 5% = 1,67 in degree of
significance 1% = 2,40. After that the writer compared the data
with (t table) both in degree significance 5% and 1%. Therefore
= 4,40 > 1,67 in degree of significance 5% and = 4,40 > 2,40 in
degree significance 1%. is bigger than it means there is
significance effect of using Quantum teaching to improve
students' speaking skill


presented a t a recent meeting of that body, has made some interesting statements regarding the effects upon weather conditions produced by the enormous fuel consumption in New York C'ity, of which the most important are substantially as follows: (1) That the rapidly mcreasing consumption of fuel has lessened the number ofdays with a tem erature as low as or lower than zero; (2) that it has ro 9 uced an increase in the number of cloudless days; (3) that it is causing a progressive decrease in precipitation, articularly in the winter months; (4) that it


The dinocysts in the Oxfordian and Kimmeridgian sedimentary rocks in 39 boreholes have been studied. Their taxonomy and stratigraphic range are object of this paper. The 72 species belonging to 39 genera are considered. They are divided into 4 groups according to the archeopyle type. Especially important for this chronostrati graphic interval are the species of the following genera: Acanthaulax, Amphorula, Atlantodinium, Dinopterigium, Dissiliodinium, Epiplosphaera, Hystrichosphaerina, Leptodinium, Meristaulax, Scriniodinium, Systematophora, Taeniophora and Xenicodinium. Some species of these genera are particularly numerous in the Mediterranean Province. These species are: Atlantodinium jurassicum, Epiplosphaera areolata, E. bireticulata, E. reticulospinosa, Histiophora ornata, Meristaulax granulata, Taeniophora filamentosa, T. iunctispina, Xenicodinium densibarbatum. The following new and potential new species are described: Aldorfia sp., Hystrichosphaerina crusta sp. n., Hystrichosphaerina? sp. aff. H. sarjeantii, Kalyptea sp. aff. K. para, Scriniodinium sp. aff. S. luridum, Tehamadinium konarae sp. n., Tehamadinium sp. aff. T. konarae, Stephanelytron sp. aff. S. redcliffense. Two new combinations are proposed: Lithodinia bejui comb. n. and Polygonifera bavarica comb. n. The stratigraphic distribution of the recorded species is given.


The use of anti-tumor necrosis factor (anti-TNF) therapies for treatment of rheumatic diseases is increasing every day and the results are positive. Case reports about skin reactions developing after use of these medications - newly developing psoriasis, increase/flare-up of existing psoriasis - are found in the literature at rates that cannot be ignored. Psoriasis developing after the use of these agents for treatment is a paradoxical side effect, with no clear understanding of the cause though several hypotheses exist. In this article, we present five cases with this paradoxical side effect developing after anti-TNF treatment accompanied by the literature with the aim of aiding in finding an approach to these cases.


The reported research intends to answer two questions: 1.Can we transfer conclusions made in studies of Humanities and Social Sciences users in Anglo Saxon countries to an Argentine university milieu, with different realities, different organizations, and less developed library systems and services? 2. Even though resources are different, is there a common background characterizing the Humanities and Social Sciences researchers as to activities related to access lo information, preferences, and information needs regardless the place where they work and material facilities available? The goal was lo develop profiles, access styles and preferences in using information by Humanities and Social Sciences researchers at the Facultad de Filosofia y Letras (Universidad de Buenos Aires). Then prove similarities and differences with similar results in investigations undertaken mainly in Anglo Saxon countries. Methodology used combined questionnaires, interviews and citation analysis. The conclusions are: first, there are no substantial differences between information behaviour of researchers in both areas, nor are there differences in behavior as described in other countries. Therefore, in this study both initial hypotheses have been confirmed by results.


Distortion is a common problem in welded structures, and the process of finding an effective weld sequence to mitigate the distortion is a challenging task given a large number of possible combinations. Despite efficient simulation tools and powerful supercomputers, yet simulation tools have been limited by CPU time to optimize a welding sequence and therefore not mature for practical designs. To this end, we constructed and integrated machine learning (ML) algorithms with the simulation capability. These ML models were then trained to increase the fidelity by a wisely chosen training-set of simulation to construct a meta-model for active exploration of various weld sequence scenarios in real time. As opposed to existing ML algorithms that require an extensive data set to train, our algorithm picks relatively small training-set to construct a metamodel. We present an example of our algorithm implemented in a real welded structure project. Introduction Today's structures are more complex and demanding much tighter fabrication tolerances than our routine practice. Welding plays a challenging role in meeting those tolerances in particular when it comes to distortion. Welding sequence and intermittent welding design, which determines the best welding pattern in multi-pass welds, are familiar techniques to control the distortion when dealing with multi-pass welded structures. Finding the best solution for such a design is usually intuitive and based on the similarity of previously welded structures because this is not feasible through shop trials. An alternative is welding simulation tools that model several sequences to select the one with minimal distortion. Excellent simulation software is now available to capture and couple thermal, microstructure and stress effects of welds based on 3D transient temperature and thermal stress-strain analysis [1]. Despite powerful supercomputers, yet welding simulation tools are limited by computational time, and therefore they are not mature for practical designs. For example, having "n" welds requires choosing from 2^n n! possible scenarios or combinations of the welds where n! counts for permutations and 2^n counts for change in the direction of welding, i.e., several million for typical weld consisting of 10 weld passes or more. More affordable approaches have been developed to generate a sufficient and reliable level of understanding of the behavior of structures in order to find an optimal sequence with a few numbers of simulation. One approach is to use a fast but low-fidelity model that captures the most dominant physics of the problem, for example, depositing each weld pass at once [2]. Although 1 Corresponding author and presenter; firstname.lastname@example.com 1002 Contributed Papers from Materials Science and Technology 2019 (MS&T19) September 29–October 3, 2019, Oregon Convention Center, Portland, Oregon, USA DOI 10.7449/2019/MST_2019_1002_1009 Copyright © 2019 MS&T19®


In this study a biosensor with laccase immobilized in a chitosan matrix was developed. Prior to the laccase immobilization the chitosan was cross-linked with genipin, a naturally-occurring cross-linking agent, and incorporated into a carbon-paste electrode. Analytical parameters for caffeic acid, such as repeatability (2.7 %), reproducibility (3.0 %), linearity (0.27 and 33 µM; r2≥0.9983), limit of detection (LOD=0.18 µM) and recovery (96–103 %), were determined. The method was applied in the determination of the total phenolic content of mate herb samples. The good performance of the method can be attributed to the effective immobilization of laccase in the cross-linked support.


Introduction: There is little internationally comparable statistical data on incidence, trends and distribution
of disability. Musculoskeletal diseases are one of major causes of disability. Aim of this study is to
retrospectively analyze data of physically disabled population of musculoskeletal affection.
Materials and Methods: Permanent disability of more than 40% of musculoskeletal affection in all
ages and both sexes of single district of our state who voluntarily attended Disability Assessment and
Certification Camp at Department of Orthopaedics at our teaching institute on first and third Friday
of every month from 2012 to 2017 were included. Temporary disability, disability of hearing, visual,
mental retardation etc., disability of less than 40% and disabled evaluated and certified at camps outside
our Institution were excluded. Disability percentage was calculated as per standard method prescribed
by Guidelines and Gazette by Government of India. Diagnosis was clinical in majority but whenever
needed, appropriate investigations were done. Educational and occupational status was evaluated on using
Kuppuswamy's method. Authors realized that monthly income in each category of Kuppuswamy's method
was quite low considering today's context and therefore was modified and used to evaluate income status.
Results: 367 persons fulfilled our criteria and included. Mean age was 29.67 years (1-69 years). Majority
(20.99%) in 30-40 years age and least (6.82%) in 60-70 age. Males (73.30%) and rural population (75.75%)
were thrice more common than their counterparts. Highest percentage of disability was 95%, average
being 60.85% and majority (42.78%) had 40-50% disability. Acquired conditions (63.76%) were almost
double to congenital condition (36.24%). Cerebral palsy (45.12%) was most common congenital cause
and amputation (17.95%) was most common acquired cause. Illiterate, primary school certificate and
middle school certificate constituted majority (71.38%). Cleric


A ring R is strongly 2-nil-clean if every element in R is the sum of two idempotents and a nilpotent that commute. Fundamental properties of such rings are obtained. We prove that a ring R is strongly 2-nil-clean if and only if for all a ∈ R, a − a3 ∈ R is nilpotent, if and only if for all a ∈ R, a2 ∈ R is strongly nil-clean, if and only if every element in R is the sum of a tripotent and a nilpotent that commute. Furthermore, we prove that a ring R is strongly 2-nil-clean if and only if R/J(R) is tripotent and J(R) is nil, if and only if R≅R1,R2 or R1 × R2, where R1/J(R1) is a Boolean ring and J(R1) is nil; R2/J(R2) is a Yaqub ring and J(R2) is nil. Strongly 2-nil-clean group algebras are investigated as well.


Quantitative immunohistochemical analysis of thesphenopalatine ganglion innormal cats revealed that virtually all ganglion cells (98.5%) wereimmunoreactive tovasoactive in- testinal polypeptide (VIP). After surgical removal ofthis ganglion, thecontent ofboth VIPandcholine acetyltransferase (acetyl- CoA:choline O-acetyltransferase, EC220.127.116.11), aspecific marker forcholinergic neurons, wasdecreased toabout 70-80% inthe nasal mucosa. Incontrast, inanimals subjected tosympathectomy combined with sensory (trigeminal) denervation, nosignificant change inVIPorcholine acetyltransferase wasfound inthenasal mucosa. Thepresent findings strongly suggest that alarge pro- portion oftheVIPneurons inthesphenopalatine ganglion contain choline acetyltransferase. This further supports theview that VIP ispresent inapopulation ofautonomic cholinergic neurons in- nervating exocrine glands inthecat. Incontrast, theciliary gan- glion contained high levels ofcholine acetyltransferase butnoVIP. Parasympathetic nerve stimulation (15Hz)caused amaximal va- sodilation anda500-fold increase inVIPoutput fromthenasal mucosa. Theplasma VIPimmunoreactivity eluted atthesame position asporcine VIPongel permeation chromatography. Atro- pinepretreatment, which isknowntoabolish nasal secretion, caused afurther 3-fold increase inVIPoutput during thenerve stimulation (15Hz). Simultaneously, amarkedly prolonged du- ration ofthevasodilatory response wasobserved. Theincreased output ofVIPduring parasympathetic nerve stimulation byatro- pine pretreatment suggests that the transmitter acetylcholine may inhibit therelease ofthecoexisting peptide-i.e., VIP-via mus- carinic autoreceptors. Several types ofpeptide-containing


The design and applications of learning control are presented. These controllers have the objective of achieving zero tracking error in following a desired trajectory. In a practical implementation this goal translates into reducing the error of accuracy in a system to the error of repeatability. The tracking performance is improved at each time step of a process including transient parts and disturbances, with a minimum knowledge about the system involved. In learning control, the lack of knowledge is bridged by past experience gained during repetitions, which distinguishes it from conventional control. Precision motion control applied to a 7 DOF Robotics Research manipulator has been chosen as the application of learning control in the experiments. In the implementations, the improvements obtained in RMS tracking accuracy of a desired trajectory are 45 dB or more than a factor of hundred for the simplest controllers, and up to 63 dB or more than a factor of thousand for sophisticated learning controllers. Convergence up to 59 dB occurred in as few as 6 repetitions for some robot joints.
Emphasis has been given on practical aspects of learning control as observed during the experiments. On the other hand, the theory developed for general MIMO linear systems is rigorous and thorough. Extreme attention has been given to keep the implemented learning control laws simple with short codes and computational efficiency. In contrast, the theory follows a natural evolution from simple to sophisticated. The initial more ad-hoc and intuitively designed controllers with single or two gains are later developed into a procedure based on discrete frequency formulations that involve the identification of the system and direct design of learning controllers that are well-behaved, robust to system uncertainties, with fast geometric and monotonic convergence rates. The models and controllers are updated for nonconvergent frequencies as repetitions proceed.
The central theme discussed is the most important aspect of learning control in a practical application, that of addressing the interplay between knowledge and experience represented by a nominal model and the decision structure of the learning control law. Failure to properly address the interaction of modeling and learning law design has been determined to be the most common cause for the potential failure or low performance of learning controllers.


This volume critically explores the basis and the goal of punishment from the standpoint of the right to punish. The work reviews the main doctrines that have dealt with the theme of punishment from Antiquity to the present, not limiting itself to the legal-philosophical sphere but also analyzing the contributions from other social sciences. It then explores how these are reflected in the sphere of Positive Law.


Abstract : A 40- by 100-foot arch-rib building, prefaf 12-gage-steel ribs and 26-gage galvanized sheeting was erected and subjected to the loading specified in the Uniform Military Requirements Criteria for Prefabricated Advanced Base Buildings. It is concluded that the building meets the minimum requirements of the criteria for Advanced Base Buildings.


European research resilience depends on the element of 'time' in contextualisation and interpretations of design historian phenomena. The key factors of co-habitation and co-designing outlined in this research study show the factor ' time' to be one core element in permanently updating didactic approaches. Within the scientific circle of design historians and design theorists, as well as other teachers in the field of 'Gestalt-Theory', like art and design history, we have to consider the element of 'time' as a significant and highly influential factor, which has enormous consequences for the 'quality of education' –with reference to SDG No. 4 (by UN). We as teachers and researchers in one person, need more time to integrate new research findings into our lectures. We must not ignore that the daily routine of a teacher and researcher does not leave enough time to evaluate the innovative, new research findings of design historians, art historians and archaeologists of the last decade to re-design the scripts and media for teaching. To exemplify the generally accepted stance that generalizing theories always depend on the current state of research, this paper uses as an example the different interpretations of images in Augustan time. Depending on the scholar's time-bound approach the world of ancient icons and images has received astoundingly different interpretations over the years. Consequently, design theory and art theory have to refer to and also reflect the current findings of affiliated disciplines if we want to do our jobs properly.


The very act of articulating Shakespeare from a space in the Global South can trigger a maelstrom of contesting ideologies. There was always a mad scramble among academics to interpret and own the bard intimately. Undoubtedly, one of the aspects of British colonial rule was to establish its cultural hegemony and 'Englishness' in the colonies through a well-designed curriculum. However, the colonial structures of power implicated into institutional fabrics make the task of a post-colonial scholar challenging the colonial ideology, quite complex. William Shakespeare, has (often anachronistically), traversed through myriad trajectories of different cultures/ages, becoming through his works, a site of cultural contestation. Hamlet, the eponymous protagonist of the tragedy 'Hamlet', was almost the tragedian's doppelganger, created at a critical juncture in his personal life. This paper looks at the diverse interpretations of the play, to map a transformation from the local to the global and vice versa. Taking the conventional representation of Hamlet by Kenneth Branagh in his 1996 film adaptation as a frame of reference, it examines two other versions of Hamlet, the absurdist, meta theatrical experiment; 'Hamlet: The Clown Prince', directed by Rajat Kapoor and the musical, a Stockhausen media production of 2007, "Hamlet in Rock".


The commitment to adopt the Free Trade policy in the domestic market for agricultural products will worsen the conditions of the less competitive farmers in China. It is rational for the government to apply the "Visible Hand"so as to release excess labour force form the over loaded land.


Abstract In the present study, the effect of temperature and oxidising agents such as Fe2O3 and Co3O4 on physical and mechanical properties of glass foam is investigated. The glass foam is made of panel glass from dismantled cathode ray tubes and SiC as a foaming agent. In the process, powdered waste glass (mean particle size below 63 μm) in addition to 4 wt-% SiC powder (mean particle size below 45 μm) are combined with Fe2O3 and Co3O4 (0·4, 0·8 and 1·2 wt-%) have been sintered at 950 and 1050°C. The glass foamed containing 1·2 wt-% Co3O4 has good physical properties, with porosity more than 80% and bending strength more than 1·57±0·12 MPa. However, by adding different amounts of Fe2O3 in comparison with samples without iron oxide, little changes in porosity and strength are obtained.


As has been shown in Section 7 and by comparison with the data in Section 3, the level of accuracy of the estimates produced by the model is similar to that obtainable from animal bioassays. Indeed, it could be argued that a single estimate is at least as reliable as a single bioassay, inasmuch as the use of the least-squares techniques by which the regression equation was constructed, guarantees that errors of measurement due to specific compounds used in the model are minimized. This minimization implies that an estimate is the best possible estimate based on all the compounds used in the development of the model. i.e. it is a reflection of all these measurements. It would thus appear reasonable to use these estimates in many applications of the LD~u. These applications particularly include the following: • Dose ranging: finding the dose at which detailed bioassays, acute or chronic, should be performed. • Selection of least toxic compounds. During investigation of a series of analogs, one can obtain estimates on each before synthesis, rank these, and decide which compounds to investigate further, i.e. those of lower estimated toxicity. • Environmental evaluation. One can analyze the estimated toxicity of the components of an effluent stream which will undoubtedly contain chemicals which have not been tested, and determine which require priority attention. • In general, any applications for which acute toxicity data are needed.


As one of the fundamental ideas of software configuration management, reversion control has been widely valued and applied in IT industry. But in the traditional industrial field, this idea has not been widely recognized, and software developers in this field have troubles in code storing, tracking, managing, security disclosure and so on. In order to solve these problems, a two-way encryption reversion control system for tobacco primary processing electronic control is presented. In addition to the implementation of reversion traceability, paralleled code development, modification and update in real time, and unified storage management, in order to eliminate the omission of the code and code leaks in the process of development, additional bilateral control and code encryption were realized.


Childfree is a social phenomenon that is becoming an interesting discussion today. It deserves the attention of Islamic law. Nahdlatul Ulama (NU), through the NU Bahtsul Masail Institute (LBM-NU), has issued four fatwas synonymous with the childfree phenomenon. This article aims to analyze the childfree phenomenon from the perspective of the istinbāṭ al-aḥkām method used by NU and its relevance to the four fatwas. This article is qualitative research using a normative Islamic law approach, which examines NU's legal decisions regarding the denial of childbirth. These decisions are then analyzed to determine the meaning and method of istinbāṭ used. This article finds two things. First, the istinbāṭ al-aḥkām method used by LBM-NU is the qawlī intiqādī method. Second, from the aspect of its application, childfree can be equated in law with decisions that have been determined by LBMNU regarding child refusal, as long as the method adopted is legal. However, from the aspect of substance, where childfree is used as a principle and lifestyle, it requires a new fatwā decision, especially with the manhajī approach.


Integrated capacitors use metal plates such as in Metal-Insulator-Metal (MIM) and Metal-Oxide-Metal (MOM) capacitors while Polysilicon and Silicon (Si) substrate for metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) capacitors. Three major challenges and solutions were discussed in this technical paper. First, the failure site localization of a subtle defect in the capacitor plates. To determine the specific location of the defect site, Electron Beam Induced Current (EBIC) analysis was performed while the part was biased using a nano-probe set-up under Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) environment. Second, Failure Mechanism contentions between Electrically Induced Physical Damage (EIPD) or Fabrication process defect particularly, for damage site that is not at the edge of the capacitor and without obvious manifestations of Fabrication process anomalies such as bulging, void, unetched material or shifts in the planarity of the die layers. To further understand the defect site, Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy (STEM) coupled with Energy-Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS) were utilized to obtain high magnification imaging and elemental area mapping. Third, misled conclusion to be an EIPD site manifested by burnt and reflowed metallization. The EIPD site was only a secondary effect of a capacitor dielectric breakdown. This has been uncovered after understanding the circuit connectivity, inspections of the capacitors connected to the EIPD site, fault isolation and further physical failure analysis were performed. As results of the Failure Analysis (FA), Customer and Analog Devices Incorporated (ADI) manufacturing hold lots were accurately dispositioned and related corrective actions were precisely identified and implemented.


A new data clustering method is proposed to have some useful information in a pile of data those characters are unknown. The new data clustering method called a hierarchical grey clustering analysis is developed that need not to determine the threshold, the number of cluster, the choice of initial cluster centers and do entire comparison. In addition, for classifying data, the similar data are belonging to same group. The measurement for similarity is a globalized modified grey relation grade instead of traditional distances. The similar data with highest degree of grey relation grade are combined into the same group. Thus, decision-makers can use a tree diagram to make an appropriate decision to classify without re-computation. Hierarchical grey clustering analysis is distinguished by simplicity, effectiveness, and flexibility.


In this paper, development of safety supervision Standardization of agricultural machinery was introduced. Five aspects were described systematically to strengthen safety supervision Standardization of agricultural machinery: strengthening the team management and Standardization, improving the personnel quality of agricultural supervision workers as the prerequisite; improving and enhancing the supervision infrastructure standardization, strengthening safety supervision means of modern farm machinery as the foundation; strengthening the standardization of construction business management and improving the operational capacity of agricultural machinery as support means; strengthening the administration of standardization and promoting agricultural supervisory agencies as mean of regularization; strengthening agricultural Standardization of etiquette and improving the image of agricultural supervisors as measures.


The aim of this paper is to study the effect of dezincification process of brass alloys which contains different percentages of zinc 5, 10, 20 & 30 % on the wearing resistance. Dezincification process was carried out in electrical furnace under a protective atmosphere at different temperatures750, 850 & 950 o C for different periods of time 10,20,40,80 &120 hrs. The weight loss was measured before and after dezincification process. A relationship has been achieved between the weight loss per unit area (∆W/A) and the dezincification time at different temperatures and zinc concentration. The results show that the dezincification process is diffusion controlled. A mathematical relationship between zinc concentration and dezincification constant (D) was also achieved. It was found that the dezincification constant values are concentration and temperature dependent. Also the activation energy (Q) for dezincification process increases with increasing zinc concentration.


The paper examines the involvement of women in community development with a view to interrogating the impact of the annual women August meeting in the South East, Nigeria. The paper shows how a combination of community development and August-meeting can be a viable project that has the potential of making women even more relevant and capable of being a model in the quest for sustainable development which is part of the Millennium Development Goals. It discusses the role of women in the quest for sustainable development through community development. The paper argues that the involvement of women in community development promotes peace and consequently gives room for sustainable development and good governance. Thus, ways of realizing these objectives are highlighted. Also in focus is the need to separate politics from the activities of the women August meeting as the paper revealed that the annual gathering has assumed the status of a political jamboree. Therefore, the research submits that the yearly August meeting should be used to consolidate peaceful relations and create an environment which deters the emergence or escalation of tensions that may lead to violent conflict. Thus, giving room for community development for no development thrives in an environment where there is violent conflict. Methodologically, primary and secondary data were used and for theory, social responsibility theory was used in the study which proved effective in carrying out the research.


Luminance contrast is the basis of text legibility, and maintaining luminance contrast is essential for any color selection algorithm. In principle, it can be calculated precisely on a sufficiently well-calibrated display surface, but calibration is very expensive. Consequently, most current systems deal with contrast using heuristics. However, the usual CRT setup puts the display surface into a state that is relatively predictable. Luminance values can be estimated based on this state, and these luminance values have been used to calculate contrast using the Michelson definition. This paper proposes a method for determining the contrast of colored areas displayed on a CRT. It uses a contrast metric that is in wide use in visual psychophysics and shows that the metric can be approximated reasonably without display measurement, as long as it is possible to assume that the CRT has been adjusted according to usual CRT setup standards.


Approximately 30% of patients with symptomatic epilepsy have pharmacoresistant seizures refractory to medical therapy. The most effective treatment modality is microsurgical resection of whole epileptogenic zone, not only visible on MRI lesion. However, in some cases patients still have seizures after operation. We provide a method of simultaneous EEG-fMRI to more accurate localization of epileptogenic zone after failed surgery. Here we present our experience of gamma knife stereotactic radiosurgery for patient harboring mesial temporal lobe epilepsy using EEG-fMRI for confirmation of residual epileptogenic zone.


Objectives:  Recently, studies have shown an association between antiperoxidase for the detection of thyroid autoimmunity (TAI) and abortion. Another point to be considered is the association of high risk of abortion and maternal age. The aim of the present study was to evaluate if the association between TAI and miscarriage could also be verified whether a population of unselected pregnant young women who normally present a low risk of miscarriage.


Local government in Indonesia adapted to the development legislation of an ideal tourist destination; ethically and aesthetically the local area is known as value-local culture. Gunungkidul Regency is an area that has tourism potential with the number of tourists increasing every year; this can indicate that these tourism objects are well managed. However, Gunungkidul Regency is still one of the areas with underdevelopment, the highest poverty rate indicator in DIY. Community groups have not been thoroughly involved as well as several other tourist objects that have not been managed as tourist destinations. Tourism activities need to be supported by policies that regulate tourism actors in carrying out their activities. This research method is a qualitative method with a literature study model that aims to describe the implementation of policies to increase tourist destinations based on local wisdom which comes from various other types of reading, such as previous research, news articles, and others. Target indicator sets more towards material things. The current policy for increasing tourist destinations in Gunungkidul Regency has not prioritized the value base of local wisdom. Furthermore, it discusses the implementation and obstacles faced in relation to the policies to increase tourist destinations based on local wisdom. The implementation of policies in terms of resources leads to the value of local wisdom in developing human resources which ultimately leads to material benefits. There has been no implementation that leads to local wisdom values of natural resource conservation, social, ethical, and moral meanings. The implementation of policies in terms of communication between the public and the government is good enough, however, among tourism business actors is not optimal.


The misunderstandings on ontology are wide in our philosophical field.Some is taken for granted that ontology is knowledge of noumenon.They argued that ontology of Marxism Philosophy is "ontology of praxis",based on the previous works that the praxis category is playing the functional role in the human world.However,in this paper we will clarify the figure of ontology and provide a common background of ontology aiming at the literally understanding on ontology,from the beginning of text of noumenon,ontology and classical works.Based on the analysis of misunderstanding of "ontology of praxis",we suggest that ontology of Marxist Philosophy is ontology of matter,rather than "ontology of praxis".


The corresponding sensitive material was fixed on the four-channel piezoelectric immunosensor array by polyethyleneimine adhesion and glutaraldehyde cross-linking method.This array could detect hepatitis B surface antigen,anti-hepatitis C virus,anti-TP,anti-HIV1+2.Its sensitivity,specificity and stability were detected and the human serum samples had been also detected,besides,it compared with the ELISA.Results showed that respond of the positive serum was 4 times higher than negative serum and its was better than ELISA a little sensitivity.


Throughout the 18th century, the city of Santisima Trinidad y Puerto de Santa Maria del Buen Aire experienced a progressive situation of development and changes in different standards that seem to have affected the socio-ethnic and cultural composition of the residents of this major city. In this context, by applying the perspective of historic demography, this study addresses the analysis of the social and ethnic reality of children born and baptized in the city of Buenos Aires in the second half of the 18th century using the baptismal acts of two of the city's parishes, Nuestra Senora de la Merced and the Immaculada Concepcion, as the principal source. These pages aspire to form a meticulous, although small contribution to the study of the Buenos Aires family of the late colonial period, which when contrasted and amplified with other sources, may shed more light on the theme.


The utility model relates to an electronic type mutual inductor analog output calibration device, which comprises a standard mutual inductor, an analog signal output converter, a data acquisition card and a calibration instrument, wherein the standard mutual inductor and the analog signal output converter are connected with the data acquisition card, the analog signal output converter is connected with a mutual inductor to be calibrated, and the data acquisition card is connected with the calibration instrument. Compared with the prior art, the electronic type mutual inductor analog output calibration device has the advantages of simple structure, convenient design, high calibration precision and the like.


This study stems from the problems experienced by the Arabic language teacher in the Amanatul Ummah Pacet Islamic Boarding School. Listening skill is one of the most important  language skills, because this skill is the basic skill in communication. Through istening skills, students will get a lot of vocabularies, learns patterns of sentences and structures, receives ideas and concepts, and  acquires other skills of language, speaking, reading and writing. Therefore, the researcher wanted to know the effectiveness of the Madarij durus Arabiyah book of Sheikh Mohammed Basri Alawi on students' listening skill. The methodology of this researchis experimental with pre-test and post-test in one group. And the result of this research indicate that Madarij Durus Arabiyah book is effective inimproving students' listening abilities, students' score before using Madarij Durus Arabiyah is 63and after using this book, students' grade have increased to 96, then this increase is very good level.


B&B Branch & Bound BRKGA Biased Random-Key Genetic Algorithm CAPEX Capital expenditures CF Central frequency CG Column generation DAD Dynamic Alternate Direction DHL Dynamic High expansion–Low contraction DSP Digital signal processing GA Genetic algorithm GRANDE Gradual Network Design GRASP Greedy Randomized Adaptive Search Procedure ILP Integer Linear Programming LSO Large-Scale Optimization MILP Mixed Integer Linear Programming PLI Physical layer impairments PR Path Relinking QoT Quality of the Transmission RCL Restricted Candidate List RSA Routing and spectrum allocation


Objective:To investigate beta-myosin heavy chain gene(MYH-7) mutation in Chinese patients with dilated cardio-myopathy(DCM). Methods:Eighty-one patients with DCM including 8 index patients of familial DCM(FDCM) were enrolled in this study. Fifteen exons in the functional regions of the MYH-7 were amplified with polymerase chain reactions(PCR) and the PCR products were sequenced. Results: No disease-causing mutation in MYH-7 gene was found in all the patients with DCM except for one same-sense mutation in a sporadic case. Conclusion: MYH-7 gene may not be one of the main disease-causing genes in Chinese patients with DCM.


In order to research mechanics of rock fracture instant, it is one of methods that rock fracture mechanics are researched by rock fracture surfaces' morphology. Some researched results which come from international and domestic researches in decades are described and summarized from mathematics in this paper. For example, fractal dimension method, "Small Island Method", fractal interpolation method, Multi-fractal method, the accumulation power spectral density method. In addition, advantages and insufficiencies of every method are reviewed and commented. In the end, the future researched expectations are put forward from three aspects of rock fracture surfaces' morphology.


A novel way to inhibit HIV-1 protease by destabilizing its native state is discussed. A simplified protein model is used together with Monte Carlo simulations, to assess the destabilizing effect of peptides displaying the same sequence as specific fragments of the protein which are essential for its stability. Model calculations also show that it is unlikely that the protein can escape the inhibitory peptide by point mutations.


Securinega virosais commonly called "Bush weed" and is one of the great African medicinal plants described as a true "cure all". This study is aimed at evaluating the phytochemical screening and antifungal susceptibility of Securinega virosa extract on some uropathogen. Evidence of this study shows that Securinega virosa contains some phytochemicals such as alkaloids, saponin, glycosides, tannins, steroids, although, qyinones and flavonoids are absents. Fungal isolates were obtained from the microbiology laboratory, Federal University of Agriculture, Makurdi. Susceptibility test was carried out using Agar well diffusion method. The MIC of the potent extract was determined according to the macro broth dilution technique. At the concentration of 200mg/ml, Candida albicans had the zone of inhibition of 9.00±1.00 higher than the zone of inhibition of Aspergilus niger. The zone of inhibition of Aspergilus niger at 250mg/ml (12.92±0.57) was higher than that of Candida albicans (12.33±0.57). The potency of the aqueous leaf extract of Securinega virosa which reduced with decreased in concentration, 500mg/ml has the highest zone of inhibition across the isolates while 100mg/ml showed the lowest zone of inhibition. The study reveals that S. virosa show significant antifungal activities against Candida infection with a minimum inhibitory concentration of about 25%.


Pharmacy has long struggled to embrace a unified professional identity despite many leaders calling for such. With societal and scientific evolutions, the functions of the pharmacist have changed over time, often assuming multiple identity discourses. Pharmacy has also been seen as a very heterogeneous profession with product‐ and patient‐focused practitioners, contributing to the lack of a unifying identity. This commentary argues that to advocate for and promote our profession we must confront the brutal facts and realize the true state of pharmacy practice. The fact is that all areas of pharmacy practice, both product‐ and patient‐focused, have always shared a central theme which is and has been the pharmacist's professional identity: the prevention, identification, and management of medication therapy problems and their root causes as the medication specialist. Fully embracing this professional identity will help the profession assume a clear and unique role on the healthcare team in optimizing patient care and allow for meaningful practice‐based research, grounded in theory, which will improve the education of currently practicing and future pharmacists. A firm professional identity will also allow for a seamless continuation between pharmacist education and practice across a lifetime, strengthening the pharmacy profession as a whole.


Abstract Behavioural family intervention is effective for the prevention and treatment of a wide range of emotional and behavioural problems in children. There is a growing need to address the accessibility of these services. This paper reviews the literature on self-directed interventions designed to help parents manage difficult child behaviours. Evidence regarding the efficacy of interventions is reviewed, and some of the difficulties associated with self-directed programs are discussed. The Self-directed Triple P Program is highlighted as an example of an efficacious and effective behavioural family intervention fitting into a larger multi-level model of family intervention. The discussion of the efficacy and effectiveness of self-directed interventions has implications for service delivery of parenting programs. Keywords: self-directed, behavioural family intervention, parenting, children. ********** Parenting interventions attempt to enhance a parent's understanding of child behaviour management and the quality of the parent-child interactions, with the ultimate goal of optimising the child's developmental course (Cowan, Powell, & Cowan, 1998). When parents are taught to use consistent, moderate, and firm discipline, their children exhibit fewer behaviour problems (Arnold & O'Leary, 1997; Forehand, Wells, & Griest, 1980; Webster-Stratton, Kolpacoff, & Hollinsworth, 1988). Behavioural family interventions (BFI) aim to effect change in children's behaviour and adjustment by modifying aspects of the family environment that maintain and reinforce a child's problem behaviours (Sanders, 1992). There is substantial evidence that BFI, particularly therapist-directed BFI, produces significant changes in both parents and children immediately following treatment (Forehand, Griest, & Wells, 1979) and there is good maintenance of treatment gains and generalisation of these skills (Dadds, Sanders, & James, 1983; Forehand & Long, 1988). There is also evidence for the generalisation of intervention effects beyond the specific behaviours and settings addressed during treatment (Sanders & Glynn, 1981; Serkettich & Dumas, 1996). Furthermore, BFI has effects ranging beyond improvements in child behaviour. Effects have been shown for decreases in parental depression (Connell, Sanders, & Markie-Dadds, 1997; Forehand et al., 1980), anxiety, and stress (Connell et al., 1997). Finally, in general, parents report high levels of satisfaction with behavioural family interventions and find the programs socially acceptable (Forehand et al., 1980; McMahon & Forehand, 1983; Webster-Stratton, 1989). While there is significant evidence to support the efficacy of BFI, there are a number of factors that limit its dissemination at a community level. Firstly, very low numbers of parents participate in any form of parent education (Sanders et al., 1999) and there is generally low participation by parents of children who have significant behaviour problems (Zubrick et al., 1995) or whose children are believed to be at greatest risk of developing serious behaviour or emotional problems (Harachi, Catalano, & Hawkins, 1997). In Australia, while approximately 18% of children experience an identifiable mental health problem, only 2% of children receive any form of treatment from specialist mental health practitioners (Zubrick & Silburn, 1994) and only 10% of parents participate in parenting education (Sanders et al., 1999). Secondly, there is a range of psychological and cultural implications to seeking help, with great stigma attached to perceived difficulties with coping (Cunningham, 1996). The logistics of attending sessions, either individual or group, such as work schedules, extracurricular activities, difficulties arranging childcare, travel time, and transport costs may prevent many parents from participating in interventions (Cunningham, 1996; Pavuluri, Luk, & McGee, 1996; Spoth, Redmond, Hockaday, & Shin, 1996). …


We propose a new method for segmenting noisy image sequences in a way that imposes consistency between neighboring segmentations in the sequence. Our method uses a statistical model composed of a spatial Markov random field model and a temporal Markov chain model. Results from segmenting sequences of microscopy images of growing silicon nanowires using the proposed model and method show significant improvement over segmenting the sequences using 2D segmentation.


A cooperative is considered as t he implementation of democration economy. But it has not evolved significantly and unsatisfy expectations. The purpose of this study was to obtain empirical evidence about the factors concerning the cooperative development and organization systems of regulation economic capital, human being, education and training, entrepreneurship and partnerships strategies affecting on the expertise and services and their impact on improving the members welfare. The problems of the study are formulated as follows: How i s any correlation  between the cooperative development factors and whether of these factors affected  on the expertise and services Improvement and their impact on the members welfare The study  used the causality approach with the study design of Survey Research for the members, managers and supervisors The Supervisor of The Official's Republic of Indonesia C ooperation "Raung" Situbondo, East Java by  random sampling, There were 260 respondents were chosen. To find out the causal relationship between exogenous variables (independent) and endogenous variables (dependent) using the technique of Partial Least Square analysis (PLS) and as a comparation using Canonical Correlation Analysis technique. The result of the  analysis show ed that there was  the similarities but the output of the PLS method is more valid than the Canonical Correlation method because of normal multivariate distribution assumption on the canonical correlation could not be fulfilled, so the conclusions of this study refers to the results of PLS analysis. By using Smart PLS, the results of hypothesis, there was a significant positive correlation between the variables of  regulation and organization systems and  education and training, entrepreneurship and partnership strategy. There was a significant positive correlation between The Variables of economic capital and entrepreneurship and partnership strategy. There was a significant positive correlation between the Variables of  education and training and entrepreneurship and partnership strategy.  And the last variables shows that there was a significant positive correlation between entrepreneurial and  partnership strategy . The cooperative development Factors of regulation  and organization systems, economic capital, entrepreneurship and partnerships strategies affect cooperative performance improvement and impact on improving the members welfare and increasing the cooperative development factors are regulations and organization systems, entrepreneurship and partnerships strategies affected  the improvement of service cooperative and have an impact on improving the members welfare. Based on the value of each variable coefficient indicates that the  cooperative services have more important role better than the cooperative expertise in order to improve the members welfare. While the cooperative development factors have the greatest impact on improving the members welfare of the partnership strategy and entrepreneurship. In addition,  improvement of the cooperative development factors  also effected of  the members welfare was  the regulation and organization systems and economic capital.


With growing agricultural demands from both conventional and organic systems comes the need for sustainable practices to ensure long-term productivity. In Hungary small scale vegetable growers face challenges in producing their crops due to the lack of effective weed control practices and viable methods of sustainable soil fertility management based on local or regional soil amendment resources. There is a demand for cultural practices that reduce hand labor requirements and black plastic mulches whereas long-term productivity is held or increased. To identify effective alternative weed control and soil fertility management options for the management of intensive organic vegetable systems, our research focuses on the evaluation of compost and paper mulches, in conjunction with reduced-tillage practices. In 2015 determinate tomato (cv. Roma) is grown in five different soil treatments using yard waste compost (YWC) mulch and combination of YWC and paper mulch (PM) plus bare ground control under intensive and reduced tillage variants to evaluate their effectiveness on organic tomato marketable yield and weed suppression. Since most organic tomatoes at present are grown on small acreage in Hungary, and are direct-marketed, the application of organic mulches can be assumed financially feasible. Our results will show if the combination of organic mulching materials together with reduced tillage may be a viable option for organic vegetable growers. Keywords: alternative weed control, compost, compost mulch, paper mulch, organic, no tillage, vegetable, tomato


Review(s) of: Reporting Hong Kong: Foreign Media and the Handover, by Knight, Alan and Nakano, Yoshiko (eds), Curzon, Richmond, 1999, ISBN 0 7007 1042 6, 223 pp., $39.95.


In this article three hitherto unknown limestone stelae (one intact, two fragmented) from Kom Abu Radi necropolis (Beni Suef) are published presenting a description of the scenes and translations of the inscriptions. The stelae belong to relatively high ranking officials related, as one of the mentioned names suggests, to the 22 nd Upper-Egyptian nome.


Chiari malformations (CM) are a congenital anomally which posterior fossa structures are displaced from foroman magnum to the upper cervical spinal canal at different degrees [1]. (1) If there is accompanied by spinal dysraphism, it is defined as type 2. Symptoms occurs as a results of pressure on the cerebellum like as vertigo, ataxia, vision problems, headache. In some cases, medical therapy can be used to manage symptoms. Surgery is only treatment for decrease compression or stop progression. This malformation is frequently accompanied by syringomyelia, cystic spaces occur vertically in the spinal cord. In this article, a case with CM type 2, syringomyelia and multilacuner infarction with vertigo was discussed.


The Fast Fourier Transform is an algorithm for the computation of Discrete Fourier Transforms in less time than allowed by any other algorithm available. The use of special purpose digital machines to reduce those times even further is of interest for real time spectral analysis. The main principles of Fast Fourier Transforms are presented. The design of a full-parallel eight sample processor is presented as a point of reference for comparison with serial and serial-parallel hybrid machines. Carry-Save Addition is introduced and used as the primary arithmetic logic.


In this work, experimental data are presented that allows one to estimate the relative amount of heat release. It also provides the opportunity to state the general tendency of its change over time for patients with various individual characteristics of the organism. An important indicator of safety and effectiveness of cryotherapy is the temperature of the skin surface Tk, which should not fall below -2 °C during exposure. It is also planned to propose a method for studying the dynamics of Tk and heat flux from the human body using a thermoelectric module (TEM). The paper evaluates the experimental data on the TEM current changes during and after cryotherapy. Also, dynamics assessment of heat flow during cryotherapy is given and the possibility of evaluating Tk will be shown. It is planned to get an overall picture of the process of heat exchange of the measuring device with the skin of the test object. The results allow us to make recommendations regarding the duration and intensity of cryotherapy.


In this article, we review research literature concerning number sense from several related fields. Whereas other authors have pointed to difficulty defining number sense or to some degree of inconsistency in the literature, we argue instead that this is a case of polysemy: three constructs given the same name. Our purpose is to clarify the research literature concerning number sense by naming and defining these three constructs, identifying similarities and differences among them, categorizing the research traditions associated with each construct, and summarizing the methods used and findings reported. We compare and contrast themes in each body of literature by drawing on a sample of 141 research articles that were focused on number sense. We find evidence that there is confusion of number sense constructs across research traditions. We emphasize the need for clarity in order for research in each of these traditions to progress.


There are no cardiovascular risk prediction models developed in South Asian cohorts. Therefore, different risk models not validated in South Asians are being used. We aimed to compare cardiovascular risk predictions of Framingham risk score (FRS) and World Health Organization/International Society of Hypertension (WHO/ISH) charts for agreement in a sample of South Asians.


Deep neural networks have constantly pushed the state-of-the-art performance in natural language processing and are considered as the de-facto modeling approach in solving complex NLP tasks such as machine translation, summarization and question-answering. Despite the proven efficacy of deep neural networks at-large, their opaqueness is a major cause of concern. In this tutorial, we will present research work on interpreting fine-grained components of a neural network model from two perspectives, i) fine-grained interpretation, and ii) causation analysis. The former is a class of methods to analyze neurons with respect to a desired language concept or a task. The latter studies the role of neurons and input features in explaining the decisions made by the model. We will also discuss how interpretation methods and causation analysis can connect towards better interpretability of model prediction. Finally, we will walk you through various toolkits that facilitate fine-grained interpretation and causation analysis of neural models.


The invention provides a testing method and system for mobile communication equipment. The testing method comprises the following steps: enabling a testing profile stored in a profile storage device of a universal integrated circuit card (UICC) for the mobile communication equipment adopting the UICC; setting the configurations of the mobile communication equipment as a testing mode according to information of the enabled testing profile of the UICC; and when the configurations of the mobile communication equipment are set as the testing mode, carrying out operation testing on the mobile communication equipment through a testing front-end module of the testing system.


This paper is dedicated to a problem of surge speed control for an autonomous surface vehicle (ASV) powered by an electrical motor. The surge dynamics, propeller model, and motor model are unknown. A surge speed controller is developed based on a finite-set model predictive control and a neural predictor design. Firstly, two predictors based on neural networks are developed to estimate the unknown nonlinear functions existing in electrical motor model, propeller model and surge dynamics. The stability analysis is provided on the basis of input-to-state stability (ISS) theory. Then, a model predictive control scheme is proposed for surge speed control with a possible finite voltage control set and a predefined cost function. The simulation results are provided to illustrate the validity of the proposed surge velocity controller for the ASV.


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The growth of uniform single-crystal HAp (hydroxyapatite) nanorods on specific sites on a substrate is achieved. HAp nanorods were synthesized under hydrothermal conditions in a solution containing calcium and phosphate ions, urea as a source of base, and with gelatin as a structure directing agent. The nanorods are hundreds of micrometers in length and 50–200 nm in width. Without gelatin, platelike HAp crystals were formed. To grow these uniform HAp nanorods on specific sites on a substrate, the surface of a gold-coated glass slide was coated by a self-assembled monolayer of 11-mercaptoundecanoic acid by stamping with a patterned PDMS (polydimethylsiloxane) stamp. The HAp nanorods were grown exclusively in the carboxylate functionalized regions. Selective area electron diffraction analyses show that the single-crystal HAp nanorods formed on the substrate grow along the crystallographic c-axis. In comparison to the nonpatterned sample, an increase of the X-ray diffraction intensity ratio of (00l)/(h00) pe...


This study investigates the relation between self-estimates of strength and actual strength measurements with a hand dynamometer across four grades, three ethnic groups, and both sexes. The results show significant differences in strength estimates for different grades and sexes. Strength measures also show significant differences for grade, sex, and ethnic groups. The discrepancy between strength estimates and actual strength is greatest for the lower grades and systematically decreases as age increases. Accuracy-of-estimate findings seem to support a developmental theory which focuses on changes in terms of increased differentiation and hierarchic integration. Within the framework of developmental psychology, much attention has been devoted to the continuity and chronological progression of perception in children. The levels of perception should proceed in an orderly and predictable sequence of stages from a global stage, wherein whole qualities are dominant, to an analytical stage, where perception is selectively directed toward parts, and then to a final synthetic stage, wherein the parts become


Study of permantent magnet and reluctance sychronous machines act to define a general model to describe this type of machines. The model consist in the analisis in different reference system to develop the important equation for the machine. Furthermore the equation are compared to measurement taken on a machine to validate the model created


The current pandemic has forced a sudden and unimaginable turnaround on everyone, at all levels. Our lives, primarily in the way we behaved and related in the different aspects of our professional and personal lives, have been strongly influenced and changed. In the most critical time of the first wave of the pandemic in Portugal (April), for instance, people delayed medical care for fear of being infected, and that confidence has still not fully been restored. Now, we are still in the middle of this pandemic, not knowing when and how it will come to an end. Focusing on scientific research, within the framework of this scientific journal, the paradigm is also very, very interesting. Scientific research processes usually have a relatively long development time. For example, it is common that the design of a project takes 2 months (or more) to be elaborated, then 6 months (or more) to be evaluated, and finally, once approved, the project lasts 2 or 3 years. The direct gain for society usually is not immediate either. Sometimes, the results of the projects are "just" intermediate phases (small steps) that one day can be adopted or transformed (complemented) into something directly useful to society. The imperative and urgent COVID-19 research, which involves numerous areas, has changed this way of working, by requiring the investigation and the response to be available as soon as possible, at least in part. We gained the notion of urgency in research because the results are needed today, so that they can be useful now, which is not the challenge and the usual framework of scientific research. In sequence, there will be parallel and complementary research within "the usual timeframe," in order to assess the interventions made now, this knowledge being useful for possible future pandemics. Nevertheless, it is essential that academia actors, completely motivated and available to help, continue to create policy-specific synergies and to respond with robust information and knowledge to this emergency. A concrete case: the NOVA National School of Public Health, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, responded quickly to the COVID-19 pandemic, through the COVID-19 Barometer, launched 3 days after the declaration of the State of Emergency in Portugal, seeking to contribute, timely and swiftly, to the challenges posed by the global pandemic. Since Public Health is our mission, it is natural (and also expected and mandatory, in my opinion) that the School urged to organize itself in order to be useful and effectively contribute to enlarge the knowledge about this pandemic, reorganizing all its research to prioritize


Considering Queen's University's recent decision to drop sociology as a single subject, the continued utility and relevance of sociological analysis has been placed under considerable scrutiny. However, the annual SAI conference hosted by Lucy Michael (Ulster) is a testament to the vitality of the discipline in the island of Ireland. Under the theme 'Sociological Futures', academics from seven countries gathered in Belfast for a jam-packed two-day schedule (83 papers, 5 panels, 5 posters, a digital masterclass, a conference dinner and a keynote by Richard Barbrook). The annual gathering is an established arena for networking, as typical of 'national' conferences, as well as being a valuable opportunity to hear of research in new subfields (i.e. Sociology of Oral Health, Nicholas Deal, Limerick) and of activity in sister disciplines of Equality Studies, Hospice and Palliative Care, Media Studies, Communication, Criminology, and Peace Studies. With the theme 'Sociological Futures', it was fitting to have a digital data masterclass, focused on social media data, at the SAI 2017 conference chaired by Sara O' Sullivan (UCD). Rajalakshmi Kanagavel (UCD) opened the session by introducing ways in which social media data could be examined, before focusing our attention on the use of network analysis. O'Sullivan showed how Nvivo, a common qualitative tool, has developed NCapture (see http://www.qsrinternational.com/nvivo-support/faqs/what-is-ncapture). Once downloaded, this web browser extension enables the researcher to save webpages, online PDFs and Irish Journal of Sociology 2017, Vol. 25(3) 339–341 ! The Author(s) 2017 Reprints and permissions: sagepub.co.uk/journalsPermissions.nav DOI: 10.1177/0791603517724970 journals.sagepub.com/home/irj


We address the synchronization of a pair of video sequences captured from moving vehicles and the spatial registration of all the temporally corresponding frames. This is necessary in order to perform the pixel wise comparison of a pair of videos. The novelty of our method is that is free from three common restrictions of most previous works. First, it does not require that the two cameras be rigidly fixed to each other, since they can move independently. Second, the temporal correspondence does not assume a linear mapping. Third, it does not rely on the complete trajectories of image features. We present our results in the context of two applications, outdoor surveillance at night and the comparison of vehicle headlights systems.


Extensive cultural exchanges between ethnicities in the global environment are inevitable, Indonesia included, especially in Educational Institutions. This study aims to evaluate the cross-cultural interaction between Indonesian and International students who enrolled in the same academic environment at Universitas Padjadjaran. It examines cultural distinctions between Indonesian and International students, lecturers, and academic staff. A qualitative approach with case-study methods on cross-cultural communication between Indonesian and International students at Universitas Padjadjaran is applied in this study. The data is collected through interviews with 26 participants, 13 international students of KNB Scholarship 2021, 10 Indonesian students studying at different faculties, and three academic staff at Universitas Padjadjaran. This paper discovered several cultural elements, which are languages, fashion, and cuisine variations, that lead to the development of the international students learning process. In the first year, international students struggle with the cultural gap during their studies. However, they dealt with communication issues through several methods and strategies for an international student to adjust to local culture from the culture shock they experienced at the beginning of their academic journey.


To get the explosion rule of shielded explosive detonated by shaped charge jet,the Held initiating criterion and the theory of penetration by quasi-steady fluid dynamics and the penetration theory of considering intensity of target board were applied to establish the mathematics model of shielded explosive detonated by shaped charge jet.To get explosion rule varied with the thickness of target board and the tail diameter of shaped charge jet,the material characteristics and experimentation were used in the calculation and analysis of the model. The obtained results showed that the maximum value of detonating ability was obtained when shaped charge jet was supposed as taper; the ratio of the tail diameter of different shaped charge jet was equal to the ratio of the detonating ability. The important value of research achievement was to supply theoretical guidance for proactive defense and destruction of waste ammunition.


This paper presents the issue of ethical conduct in the procuring of public goods and services. Procurement in the public sector operates as a business function of an economic activity within a political system. Procurement is also a management function carried out by the public official. Although there is legislation to guide the ethical conduct, with reference to the procuring of goods and services required by the public sector, there is still the increase in corruption. The question thus arises what could be done to prevent corrupt activities. Based on the research conducted, it may be reported that the function of procurement of public goods and services is susceptible to corruption due to large amounts of public funds that are involved. It is a complex environment where public procurement integrity, ethical standards, best value for money and the style of corruption jeopardize the ability of governments to achieve their developmental agendas. Ethics goes beyond the prevention of corruption, fraud and misconduct as modern societies expect public servants to serve the public interest and to serve in a rational and efficient manner.


Summary: A case is reported of a woman with pseudomyxoma peritonei, who 20 years previously had had an ovarian cyst and mucocoele of the appendix removed.


With the increasingly furious market competition, human resource has been the core resource for enterprises to gain sustained competitive strength. As a new management method, human resource management outsourcing gradually shows its necessity and essentiality. However, in the business of human resource management outsourcing, it is a combination of outsourcing enterprises and outsourcing vendors with different interest. There is a great uncertainty between their complex relationship and the environment of internal and external. In such Information asymmetry case, it is the focus of the research that how outsourcing enterprises take incentive measures to achieve the win-win target. This article, from the view of moral hazard model based on the Principal-agent theory, is attempted to discuss model solution in different situations. Finally, according to the conclusions, this article points out some reasonable and effective suggestions.


The tendency for this drug to cause neuropathic effects is well known. The authors report the fourth instance of this drug stimulating the inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone.


The utility model relates to a metal joint of a high pressure rubber pipe, which is composed of a core and an outer sleeve. The outer sleeve is sheathed on the high pressure rubber pipe, and the core is inserted into the rubber pipe. The outer surface of the core and the inner surface of the outer sleeve are provided with a plurality of teeth which are arranged uniformly. Tooth shape on the outer surface of the core is a trapezoid whose both sides are a chamfer 120 DEG. After the rubber pipe is assembled and is buckled, the core and the teeth of the outer sleeve are engaged with the teeth. The tail of the core is longer than the outer sleeve. The utility model has the advantages of reasonable structural design, and good connecting effect of the high pressure rubber pipe and the metal joint. So the core and the rubber tube are not damaged easily; glue in the rubber tube is avoided to slide, move, overlap and pile; the service life of the metal joint and the rubber tube are extended. Because the rubber pipe is under the action of the engagement of the core and the teeth on the outer sleeve, the steel wire layer of the rubber tube forms a curve shape. The friction coefficient is enlarged, and the rubber pipe and the metal joint are not easy to pull apart.


The response of the spine acceleration to rib and pelvis acceleration input of the side impact dummy (SID) is modeled using system identification methods. The basis for the modeling is a simplified representation of the SID by a 3-mass, 2-spring system. Based on this spring-mass representation, two types of response models are established. The first is a "gray-box" type with rib/pelvis-spine relationship modeled by Auto Regression with eXogenous (or eXtra) input (ARX) type system models. The structure of these models is partially based on the spring-mass simplified representation, hence the notion "gray-box". The parameters of these models are identified through linear regression from test data. The second type of model is noted "physical model" here, since it is strictly a state-space form of the equation of motion of the simple spring-mass representation. The parameters of the model, which have clear physical meanings, are identified through non-linear parameter identification with minimization of the prediction error of the state-space model. Data for parameter estimation of all these models come from three groups of tests: a sled impact, a dummy local impact, and full vehicle test group. With any one test from the groups, a parameter estimate can be obtained for any given model. The quality of a model such established is then assessed by studying the prediction by this model of the spine acceleration responses of the rest of the tests in the group against the actual test data. It is found that the models are able to predict the trend with tests with impact conditions similar to that of the test on which the estimate is based. However, when the condition deviates significantly, the estimate does not predict the behavior of the SID satisfactorily. Results from the parameter identification of the gray-box ARX type models strongly suggest that the simple spring-mass system reflects the fundamental characteristics of the SID response studied. Results also show that the ARX type models generally better describe the response than the physical model, due to the flexibility by the additional number of parameters.


It is a great pleasure to address you on the occasion of marking the World Savings Day. This is the day when we emphasize the important role of savings, not only in terms of its role as a source of funding for the banks, but also its immediate importance for the economy as a whole and for maintaining financial stability. All of us, you as bankers and we in the National Bank, as regulators, have many times been convinced in the truth of the saying that maintaining bank stability reflects the depositors' confidence. This year, the banks enjoyed the trust of the population, regardless of the unfavorable influence of the domestic political developments on the ordinary citizen and the depositor. This is also confirmed by the latest available data on the movement of household deposits. As of September, household deposits show a very solid growth rate of 5.8%, which is an important indicator for stabilizing depositors' expectations and perceptions amid unstable environment and restraint of economic agents from investment in the first half of this year. The positive movements in household savings contributed to the growth of the lending activity, so according to the latest available data as of September 2017, loans increased by 4.3% on an annual basis, with a solvency that is almost twice as high as the statutory levels and volume of liquidity that enables optimal day-to-day operation. It is also worth noting that in spite of the political environment, the deposit growth and the trust in banks have been achieved in the environment of historically lowest interest rates, both on the financial markets in the euro area and on the domestic interbank market.


The pollutants in Nanming River are complicated in Wudang region,where the major contaminants are from sewage and industrial effluents.Environmental quality determination and assessment were made for water system of Nanming River in Wudang region in 2004,and the main conclusions were as follows:the current pollution of water system in Nanming River was severe,quality of water environment in most branches was between Ⅲ and Ⅳ degree,and the main river and the major branches(Sanjiang River,etc)of Nanming River were serious pollution with water quality from Ⅳ toⅤor more thanⅤ that contaminated type was organic pollution and the major contaminants were BOD_5,COD and volatile phenol.Synthetical pollution index in the upper,middle and lower parts of Nanming River reached 2,2,1.6 respectively,which belonged to serious pollution water.


An 84-year-old female (EuroScore II: 9.64%) presented with chronic dyspnoea NYHA functional class III and acute peripheral oedema. Three-dimensional transoesophageal echocardiography (3DTEE) showed severe degenerative mitral regurgitation (MR) (PISA 0.8 cm, vena contracta width 0.5 cm, EROA 0.28 cm2, and regurgitant volume 45 mL/beat) due to a posterior mitral valve (MV) leaflet prolapse (PML, A2/P2-region) and left atrial enlargement (volume 115 mL, volume index 82 mL/m², area 31.4 cm2, anterior–posterior diameter 4.0 cm, latero-medial diameter …