Manufacturing environments have changed enormously osier the -last three decades. Computers. computer-integraled systems, and robotics enabled manufacturers to Iroduce what thev could-not do previously- New technology also caused global competition to increase. and assisted manufacturers from the Far East to dominaie western markets in automotive and electronics products. Although Japanese manufacturers continued to employ traditional cost svstems in this new manufacturing environmenLs, their American counterparts blamed existing product cost systems and implemented new ones to enable ihemselves in competing with (he Japanese. Today's customers require high quality and diversified products, and new manufacturing environments enable manufacturers to do so. However, manufacturers should know how to use these computer integrated systems  and try to reduce the cost of non-value-added -activities before changing their cost systems.


A brief guide is given to some information sources considered to be of most use to anaesthetists. The majority of the systems described should be available in most university libraries.


Joints flexibility will lead to the vibration of the manipulator's end-effector, not only affecting the execution of the task but also creating the safety problems. In order to achieve high accuracy and stability control, it is required to study the vibration properties of flexible-joint manipulators. First, we create the dynamics and kinematics models and analyze the effect of the joints flexibility on the end-effector's pose (position and attitude). Then, the dynamics model is simplified and is used to derive the analytical expressions for joint vibration equation under driving torques, free-motion and residual vibration equation. The relationship of the vibration amplitude and frequency versus the structure parameters is also obtained. At last, we analyzed the vibration properties for different stiff and length based on the derived results, supplying the basis for structure optimization design, vibration suppression control, and so on. The simulation results are fully consistent with the theoretical derivation.


The invention relates to a novel preparation method of a conductive polymeric material polyaniline and preparation of its composite material, belonging to the field of material synthesis and high performance anticorrosion materials. The conducting polymer polyaniline/manganic oxide composite coating having strong adhesiveness is prepared by growing zinc oxide nanorod on a metal matrix, then coating a polyaniline/manganic oxide composite coating on the metal matrix to embed the film in the zinc oxide nanorod, wherein the polyaniline/manganic oxide composite coating is prepared by mixing polyaniline with spherical manganic oxide according to the weight ratio of 99:1-90:10; putting the mixed material in N-methyl pyrrolidone solution, conducting ultrasonic vibration, and conducting magnetic stirring reaction for 6-48h. According to the invention, the prepared material can obviously improve the corrosion resistance of the metal matrix, compared with a bare carbon steel, the corrosion rate is reduced 25 times, and the anticorrosion performance is excellent. The method has the advantages of novel method, simple operation, low cost, and low energy consumption, and is suitable for practical application and large scale production.


Adducts of rhodium(II) pivalate with pyrazine (pyz), 4,4′-bipyridine (4,4′-bpy), and 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane (dabco), triethylamine (tea), and pyridine (py) have been prepared. The adducts with pyz, 4,4′-bpy, and dabco are polymers formulated as [Rh2(O2CCMe3)4(L)]n, (L = pyz, 4,4′-bpy, and dabco). A polymer structure with an alternating arrangement of the rhodium(II) dimer and ligands was confirmed by an X-ray structure analysis of the 4,4′-bpy adduct. The Rh–Rh bond distance is 2.395(1) A which is in the range of those reported for the adducts of rhodium(II) carboxylates with axial aromatic nitrogen-donor ligands. The structure of the adduct dimers, [Rh2(O2CCMe3)4(L)2] (L = tea and py), was also confirmed for a tea-coordinated complex, which has considerably long axial Rh–N (2.391(8) A) and Rh–Rh (2.413(1) A) bonds. The reflectance-spectral and thermogravimetric data of all the adducts were obtained to examine the axial interaction between the rhodium(II) dimer core and the ligands.


This should be identical in the manuscript and the submission system The abstract in the submission system has been updated accordingly. Ethical approval: Any experimental research that is reported in the manuscript should have been performed with the approval of an appropriate ethics committee. The statement to this effect must include the name of the body which gave approval, with a reference number where appropriate. The name of the local ethics committee has been added under the Method section Minor revisions Highlighting/tracking: Please remove all highlighting and tracking from the manuscript. This format change has been performed accordingly. Please remove word counts and line numbers Both modifications have been done. Figures: It is important for the final layout of the manuscript that the figures are cropped as closely as possible to minimise white space around the image. Both figures have been cropped according to your online figure guide and uploaded as PowerPoint files. Tables: the table title should appear above the table and should be only one sentence long. Please place any other text as a legend (or key), which should appear below the table For the three tables, the title and the note have been separated from the table itself and have been added above and below the corresponding table. Please present Table 2 in landscape format. At present, it is cut off by the edge of the page. This format change has been performed. Typography: Please take this opportunity to check your manuscript for any typographical errors and to make any final corrections or revisions. This is the final proofing stage for your manuscript, and you will not be able to make any changes after acceptance. We have checked our manuscript for typographical errors.


In recent years,the well ordered nature responsibility division system of travel agency in Europe and America has become the focus of discussion of experts.However,we have met some difficulties during the process of establishing the agent system,although it has been successful in Europe and America.For example:the marketing environment of travel agencies,government policies,the scale and products of travel agencies.With the development of China's tourism industry,the obstruction rooted in the travel agencies will be gradually eliminated.To clear the exterior obstruction for the development of the travel agencies,the government should accelerate the construction of the legal system,and break the circumscriptions of different trades and different departments.


Chronic infections such as HIV-1, HCV, and some herpesviruses, expand a subset of NK cells that lack CD56 expression (CD56neg) and are less responsive to HLA-negative targets than CD56+CD16+ (CD56dim) cells. The 39 research papers that have reported on CD56neg NK cells have considered that this subset comprises anergic, dysfunctional or adaptive NK cells. Our objective was to assess these possibilities through meta-analysis of these papers, with inclusion of new data extracted from openly deposited CyTOF datasets (n=7).
 Data on CD56neg NK cells was extracted from papers. CyTOF datasets were downloaded and markers expressed by CD56neg cells identified. Meta-analysis was undertaken following the Cochrane guidelines using Random Effect Model assuming study variability.
 We found through analysis of "healthy" control groups (n=30) that the CD56neg subset represents 5.42% of peripheral blood NK cells, and confirmed that HIV-1 infection expands this population by 9.00%. Four studies presenting comparable functional data report decreased IFNγ and CD107a CD56neg cell responses to HLA-lacking targets compared to CD56dim cells (−5.99% and −4.24% respectively). Comparison to CD56dim marker expression showed no difference in Ki67 implying CD56neg cells are not anergic. The CD56neg subset also has a decreased proportion of CD57+NKG2C+ cells so are not adaptive NK cells. Lower KIR expression and range of KIR combinations were seen in CD56neg cells indicating their reduced responsiveness is linked to altered KIR:HLA signalling capacity. The expansion of this subset may be due to disrupted HLA expression induced by chronic viral infections, or may be an adaptation to long-term infection to mediate ongoing activation of the NK compartment.


A model of digital secure communication based on the stream cipher produced by real-time synchronization was proposed.In the model,the spatiotemporal chaos was adopted to produce the expanded keys and the diffusion of error while a modified cellular automata model was used for encryption.Numerical results show that the secure communication system can produce good pseudo-randomness stream ciphers while it has very fast speeds of encryption and decryption and high anti-attack ability.


Recent evidence implicates the immune system in having a primary pathogenic role in the development of chronic pancreatitis (CP). This study examined the relationship between the tumour necrosis factor (TNF) gene and susceptibility to CP.


We agree with Edwin Michael and colleagues conclusion that local parasite transmission patterns can affect the outcome of mass drug administration (MDA) programmes. We were careful not to claim that our results prove that filariasis has been eliminated in Egypt or that five rounds of MDA would eliminate transmission in all of the diverse endemic areas around the world. Michael and colleagues find our results "unsurprising" and consistent with predictions of mathematical models. Mathematical simulations are potentially very useful and our paper cited important papers in this area. Models have predicted that filariasis could be eliminated by MDA alone (assuming high coverage rates) in areas with low to moderate endemicity without vector control. Our study showed that high rates of MDA coverage can actually be achieved and sustained in the context of a large national filariasis elimination programme. Our data show that MDA had the desired effect on filariasis prevalence and transmission variables in Egypt. Surprising? No. Comforting? Yes. (excerpt)


Aim To investigate inhibitory effects of Arenobufagin on the adhesion,invasion and migration of hepatoma carcinoma HepG2 cells.Methods The viability of HepG2 cells was measured by MTT assay.Cell adhesion assay,cell scratch assay and Transwell chamber assay were used to determine changes in adhesion,invasion and migration of HepG2 cells after Arenobufagin treatment.Western blot was used to detect the expression of matrix metalloproteinase 2 and 9(MMP 2 and MMP 9).Results Arenobufagin could obviously suppress the adhesive,invasive and migrative ability of HepG2 cells in a dose-dependent manner.Furthermore,it was also observed that the expression of MMP 2 and MMP 9 was decreased in HepG2 cells after arenobufagin treatment.Conclusion Arenobufagin can inhibit the adhesion,invasion and migration of HepG2 cells,which may be associated with down-regulation of the expression of MMP 2 and MMP 9.


Proning is the process of turning the patient from their supine (lying on their back) position to lying on their abdomen. It is a medically accepted position for improving oxygenation while breathing. Respiration in supine position, compresses the posterior surface of the lung preventing normal distension of the alveoli. This results in suboptimal oxygenation of the blood circulating in the lobes of the lung, particularly lower lobes. Lowered V/Q ratio from these regions of the lung contributes to the venous admixture. In the prone position, the heart with its pericardial chamber, occupies anterior dependent portion of the mediastinum, resulting in better expansion of the alveoli. This leads to improved V/Q ratio from these regions and lowers the physiological shunt effect on the oxygen saturation.


In this experiment, residues from plantation grown Chinese Fir(Cunninghamia lanceolata) and three types of cement, ordinary Portland cement 42.5#, 32.5# and white Porland cement 32.5# were selected to manufacture cement-bonded particleboards with sodium silicate (Na_2SiO_3) added as a fast curing additive. The following parameters were investigated: the influence of adding various quantities of Na_2SiO_3, using both cold and hot pressing methods, various hot-pressing temperatures and times, water/cement ratios, cement/wood ratios, and the effect of cement type and wood particle size on the board properties (MOR, MOE, TS). Results showed that the hot pressing method was able to be used for producing cement particleboards. When the following conditions were used: 10% Na_2SiO_3, hot pressing parameters of 95 ℃ for 12 minutes, water/cement ratio of 0.6, and cement/wood ratio of 2.6, the MOR of the boards could reach 10 MPa. Moreover, the bending strength and dimensional stability of the boards could be remarkably improved after a post treatment with MgCl_2.


Adolescence is one of the periods during which individuals experience developmental difficulty at most. Adolescents are to meet many problems. The adolescents whose level of resilience is high might realize the risks in an environment. Psychologically resilient people are able to continue healthy development and focus on their strengths rather than deficiencies, even if the environment is full of risks (Kimberly and Rouse, 2001). Resilience affects both general adaptation and academic and emotional life of adolescents. One of the most important difficulties that adolescents have to deal with is academic difficulties. According to another definition, resilience is the process of successful adaptation to difficult or threatening situations (Howard and Johnson, 2000). Moreover, these children are independent, insightful, humorous, creative have special knowledge and are able to form good relationships (Henderson and Milstein 2003). As a result of protective factors, psychologically resilient people are less affected by negative events. Resilient people confront and attempt to overcome problems by producing effective and successful solutions rather than running away from them (Martin 2002). Sometimes, students encounter some difficulties while trying to achieve academic success. Students not only need to have potential and energy to be successful but also they need to have the necessary qualifications in order to be able to effectively deal with the stress, study pressure and academic problems they encounter at school (Martin, 2002). Academic resilient is defined as the ability to be persistence, positive and adaptive (Perrone, Sedlacek and Alexander, 2001). Academic resilience, on the other hand, the attitude of not giving up in challenging situations because of the belief that effort and challenge lead to success more than ability (Dweck, 1999). According to another definition, academic resilience is the ability to effectively deal with many risks in academic fields (Kennedy and Bennett, 2006). Academically resilient students needs to have a good deal of self-regulation to maintain a positive attitude, especially during frustrating with a academic problems (McTigue Washburn and Liew, 2009). While academic resilience is positively related to liking school, participating in courses, self-efficacy, mastery orientation, the valuing of school, planning, study management, and persistance; it is negatively related to the variables such as self-handicapping, anxiety, uncertain control and failure avoidance (Martin and Marsh, 2006). Moreover, academically resilient students were recorded to do more homework, study harder, be less likely to skip class (Finn and Rock, 1997) and have higher educational demands (Cappella and Weinstein, 2001) than their academically non-resilient peers. In addition, the former are also good at coping with the risks they are exposed to. For instance, in a study by Perez Espinoza, Ramos, Coronado and Cortes, (2009), academically resilient students were found to have higher academic achievement than those in a higher risk group. Academically resilient students set future-oriented goals. They believe that they already have the environmental support required for achievement of these goals (Kimberly and Rouse, 2001). Moreover, academically resilient students have highly-developed social skills, focus on self-control (Cappella and Weinstein, 2001; Kimberly and Rouse, 2001) and have high global self-esteem (Martin and Marsh, 2006; Dumont and Provost, 1999). Family background is one of the most important elements of academic resilience. Students who receive a high level of social support from their families have high academic resilience (Benard, 1991; Bogenschneider, 1996; Richman, Rosenfeld and Bowen, 1998 Academic resilience, accompanied by many positive factors, is expected to positively integrate with high academic achievement. In practice, many studies in the literature have shown that academically resilient adolescents are academically successful (Benard, 1991; Bogenschneider, 1996; Richman, Rosenfeld, and Bowen, 1998). …


Patients with large anterior MI associated with a reduced systolic function are at increased risk for developing left ventricular thrombosis. Stasis of blood in the ventricular cavity and the inflammation associated with ischemic injury are the causes of left ventricular thrombosis and increased risk of stroke. It usually develops within the first week and often the first day after infarction. Embolization takes place during the first 1 to 3 months. Our patient presented a very early embolization.

 A 70–year–old smoker man, without other cardiovascular risk factors, presented at the emergency department of our hospital with acute aphasia and right facio–brachio–crural hemiparesis. The 12–lead ECG revealed ST–elevation in V2–V5 and Q waves in V1–V3. Patient was asymptomatic for angina at the time of presentation and the days before. He performed an urgent head–CT that revealed proximal occlusion of the M2 tract of left middle cerebral artery cause of ischemic stroke (NIHSS 13). Then, he underwent per–cutaneous mechanical thrombectomy with complete re–canalization of the vessel. Immediately after he performed coronary angiography that showed the occlusion of anterior inter–ventricular artery treated by angioplasty and implant of drug eluting stent. Both procedures have been well tolerated by the patient without complications. Measurements of high–sensitivity cardiac Troponin demonstrated a peak and following fall of the values. A two–dimensional echo–cardiogram showed akinesia of anterior wall and apical segments of LV with EF < 40% and ventricular thrombus. A multidisciplinary team evaluated evolution of cerebral ischemic lesion and patient's clinical conditions and established the correct time and management of therapy with DAPT (aspirin+clopidogrel) and VKA. It has been prescribed three months DAPT+VKA therapy and later DAT (aspirin+VKA) for one year. Patient has been discharged with minor aphasia, without cardiac symptoms and good hemodynamic status.

 Left ventricular thrombosis is a frequent complication of anterior MI. The optimal frequency of follow–up imaging and time of treatment are not known. Our patient had a very early presentation. It should be useful to have guidelines to prevent and treat left ventricular thrombosis. Despite common use of anticoagulant drugs in the treatment of left ventricular thrombosis, there aren't randomized clinical trials evaluating the safety and efficacy of this strategy.


The spin-parity assignments of {sup 223}Ac are discussed based on a critical reexamination of the experimental data and the theoretical calculations.


Compared with the optical imaging system, polarimetric inverse synthetic aperture radar (ISAR) can work all-day and all-weather, which plays an important role in space surveillance. However, high-resolution (HR) ISAR images usually require large bandwidth and coherent integration angle, which is limited by the equipment's physical conditions. In this vein, the super-resolution (SR) of ISAR images is of vital importance. At present, supervised learning methods are often used in image SR of computer vision. By constructing low-resolution (LR) and HR data pairs, the neural network can learn the mapping relationship between them. However, the low-frequency information in LR image data is less considered. In addition, to obtain different scales of SR reconstruction results, multiple network training repetitions are usually needed, which consumes time and hardware resources. Based on the idea of implicit neural representation, this letter constructs an implicit neural network representation framework for polarimetric ISAR image SR, which can obtain multiscale SR results through one training. A semi-supervised module is also constructed to make the network have the ability of supervised and unsupervised learning, which is conducive to mine and make better use of LR images. A polarimetric ISAR image SR dataset is constructed for satellite targets, while four indexes are adopted for quantitative evaluation in global and local aspects. Experiments demonstrate that the proposed approach achieves better SR performance, where the peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) index can be increased at least by 0.93 dB.


Insurance guarantee schemes (IGSs) aim to protect policyholders from thecosts of insurer insolvencies. However, IGSs can also reduce the incentives of insurersto conduct appropriate risk management. We investigate the risk-taking behavior of astock insurer under insurance guarantee schemes with two different financing alter-natives: a flat-rate premium assessment versus a risk-based premium assessment.Previous studies indicate that the flat-rate premium assessment can induce insurers totake more risks, a problem that can be resolved under the risk-based premiumassessment. Our results show that the risk-taking incentive of the insurer can also occurunder the risk-based IGS. The risk-based mechanism is superior to the flat-rate oneonly if an appropriate premium loading is included. Furthermore, we identify whichIGS leads to higher policyholders' welfare, measured by their expected utility. We findthat the risk-based IGS can be more advantageous in improving the policyholders'welfare due to the limited risk of the insurer, compared to the flat-rate IGS.


Universities throughout the world operate with large amounts of data, typically scattered across multiple, non-centralized information systems and applications. Support of administrative decision-making and knowledge discovery from such decentralized data flows requires a system designed with close eye on the specific needs of the academic and market domains. A model-based approach is needed to plan recruitment efforts and activities, optimally allocate resources, maximize enrollments and meet universities recruitment, etc. Such an approach should be based on appropriate Operations Research or modeling techniques allowing decision makers to meet institutional goals by managing the recruitment and enrolment of students at universities or any educational institution. The admissions process must admit students in such a manner as to achieve an efficient utilization of university resources. This paper introduces visual model of gap analysis and students admissions in an Egyptian universities.


We are grateful to Zietsch and Sidari (1) for their Letter, which has encouraged us to conduct analyses that address the important issue they raise. Zietsch and Sidari use our data (2) to argue that the Kinsey scale does not measure a unidimensional trait. Lower Kinsey scores represent greater attraction to women, and higher Kinsey scores represent greater attraction to men, implying a negative correlation between attraction to men and attraction to women. Because of the close conceptual link between sexual attraction and arousal, an analogous negative correlation is expected for sexual arousal. But Zietsch and Sidari show that, after statistically adjusting for genital …

[↵][1]1To whom correspondence may be addressed. Email: jm-bailey{at}northwestern.edu.

 [1]: #xref-corresp-1-1


INTRODUCTION
The phytochemistry of species of the genus Piper has been studied extensively, including Piper solmsianum. However, no studies have addressed the phytochemistry of the sap content of Piper species.

OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the transferring of secondary compounds from the saps of P. solmsianum to the honeydew of Edessa meditabunda.

METHODOLOGY
The honeydew of E. meditabunda and saps of P. solmsianum were analysed by GC-MS, (1) H-NMR and LC-MS.

RESULTS
The lignan (-)-grandisin and the phenylpropanoid (E)-isoelemicin were detected in both saps of P. solmsianum and honeydew of E. meditabunda.

CONCLUSION
Analysis of honeydew secreted by the sap-sucking insect E. meditabunda indicated that (-)-grandisin and (E)-isoelemicin are absorbed from the phloem of Piper solmsianum.


The present invention discloses an information sharing method and apparatus for broadcast table, belonging to the technical field of network. The method comprising: determining a first terminal on the desktop live region, the region for the live part of the desktop; desktop during a broadcast, the acquisition of image data within the broadcast region; the first terminal to the video server transmits to capture image data, so that the video server for processing the image data, and supplies obtained video data to the second processing terminal. The present invention is acquired by a first image data in the terminal broadcast area, sends the video server, a video server that processes the image data, and supplies obtained video data to the second terminal processing, so that the second terminal can watch broadcast information in an area on the desktop of the first terminal, to improve privacy, and may be broadcast within the broadcast area of the plurality of interface software in a live broadcast of the same.


With the prevalence of big data, there is a growing need for algorithms and techniques for visualizing very large and complex graphs. In this article, we review layout algorithms and interactive exploration techniques for large graphs. In addition, we briefly look at softwares and datasets for visualization graphs, as well as challenges that need to be addressed. WIREs Comput Stat 2015, 7:115–136. doi: 10.1002/wics.1343


Purpose
This paper aims to focus on a comparison study of the visible stability of natural blue dye consisting anthocyanin molecules extracted from Clitoria ternatea in coating films.

Design/methodology/approach
The coating films were prepared by mixing the blue dye with poly(acrylamide-co-acrylic acid) in three different weight ratios. Samples were coded as 10PBA, 15PBA and 20PBA, where PBA is the abbreviation for poly acrylamide-co-acrylic acid, blue dyes and anthocyanin. The number at the beginning of each code represents the weight percentage of poly(acrylamide-co-acrylic acid) to natural blue dye. The mixtures were applied on separate glass substrates to form coating films. Another set of samples were prepared for the comparison study with a commercial acrylic clear coat (cc) applied on the surface of the 10PBA, 15PBA and 20PBA coating films. These coating films were coded 10PBAcc, 15PBAcc and 20PBAcc. The purpose of the clear coat is to observe how it affects the colour stability of the blue coating films with respect to time. All samples were exposed to the ultraviolet (UV) source, an 18 W Philips TL-D 18w/830 UV fluorescent lamp. The UV lamp was placed 15 cm above the surface of the samples for 35 days. The colour of the coatings was measured using CIE L*a*b* colour space coordinate.

Findings
The results obtained show 10PBA and 10PBAcc have the highest colour stability after 35 days of exposure to UV light. The reflectivity of the coating films was also measured during exposure to UV lamp. Reflectivity measurements also showed that 10PBA and 10PBAcc coating films had the highest reflective stabilities.

Research limitations/implications
The potential of using natural blue dye consisting anthocyanin in coating film to obtain high colour stability.

Practical implications
The coating film developed in this work is suitable to be applied on glass substrates.

Originality/value
The application of anthocyanin dye extracted from the Clitoria ternatea L. as a colourant in coating films


A Monte Carlo Potts model coupled with sintering pressure for the sintering process of nanocomposite ceramic tool materials is proposed, the relation between grain growth and sintering pressure is presented. The grain growth process at different sintering pressure is investigated in this model, and the effect of sintering pressure on microstructure evolution is discussed, it is found that the mean grain size increases with the increase of sintering pressure during simulation. The results from this simulation are shown to correlate well with the experimental observations.


ZnO/Cu/ZnO trilayer films sandwiched between Cu and Pt electrodes were prepared for nonvolatile resistive memory applications. These structures show resistance switching under electrical bias both before and after a rapid thermal annealing (RTA) treatment, while it is found that the resistive switching effects in the two cases exhibit distinct characteristics. Compared with the as-fabricated device, the memory cell after RTA demonstrates remarkable device parameter improvements including lower threshold voltages, lower write current, and higher Roff/Ron ratio. A high-voltage forming process is avoided in the annealed device as well. Furthermore, the RTA treatment has triggered a switching mechanism transition from a carrier trapping/detrapping type to an electrochemical-redox-reaction-controlled conductive filament formation/rupture process, as indicated by different features in current-voltage characteristics. Both scanning electron microscopy observations and Auger electron spectroscopy depth profiles r...


Very long instruction word (VLIW) processors are increasingly employed in a large range of embedded signal processing applications, mainly due to their ability to provide high performances with reduced clock rate and power consumption. At the same time, there is an increasing request for efficient and optimal test techniques able to detect permanent faults in VLIW processors. Software-based self-test (SBST) methods are a consolidated and effective solution to detect faults in a processor both at the end of the production phase or during the operational life; however, when traditional SBST techniques are applied to VLIW processors, they may prove to be ineffective (especially in terms of size and duration), due to their inability to exploit the parallelism intrinsic in these architectures. In this paper, we present a new method for the automatic generation of efficient test programs specifically oriented to VLIW processors. The method starts from existing test programs based on generic SBST algorithms and automatically generates effective test programs able to reach the same fault coverage, while minimizing the test duration and the test code size. The method consists of four parametric phases and can deal with different VLIW processor models. The main goal of the paper is to show that in the case of VLIW processors, it is possible to automatically generate an effective test program able to achieve high fault coverage with minimal test time and required resources. Experimental data gathered on a case study demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach; results show that this method is able to exploit the intrinsic parallelism of the VLIW processor, taming the growth in size, and duration of the test program when the processor size grows.


The Laplace transform of a function can be recognized as the result of a finite number of operations perforned on the transform of a simple function. The rules governing the permissible sequences of operation have been established previously. The resultant algorithms have been used to teach Laplace transform techniques and have been applied in the derivation of transforms. From these algorithms a computer program has been developed to transform analytically from the t to the s domain. A brief survey of the algorithms is followed by a description of the program logic and grammar. Examples are given to illustrate the capabilities and limitations of the program. Possible applications and extensions of the program are discussed.


The keydesign ideaunderlying the Wir elessApplication Protocol (WAP) is to usea gatewayat the intersection of the wir elessmobile network and the traditional, wir ed network. The WAP gatewayforwards webcontentto the mobile phonein a way intendedto accommodatethe limited bandwidth of the mobile network and the mobile phone's limited processingcapability. However, the gatewayintr oducesa security hole which may render WAP unsuitable for m-commerceand other security-sensitive transactionsand serviceson the emerging mobile Inter net. The paper explainsthe security hole and the gateway-baseddesignthat has led to it, including the technical and businessconsiderations underlying the design. A number of ways to correct the situation are discussed, including a completere-design of WAP asproposed for the futur e version 2.0of the protocol.


The paper provides an insight into the changing nature of the learning process through the adoption of interactive new media solutions into a traditional University Campus. The use of software from Blackboard Inc. has provided the foundations for building both a complex and dynamic learning community at Huddersfield University Business School. The specific focus of the research project is on student adoption and utilisation of a Web-based learning perspectives.


It is necessary to know the amount of oil present in a reservoir when evaluating applications of enhanced tertiary oil recovery processes. The oil saturation in the vicinity of the well bore can be determined from cores and logs, but such data can be biased by abnormally high pressure drops and accompanying saturation changes. To measure in situ oil saturation away from the well bore, the partitioning tracer method developed and licensed by Exxon Production Research Co. was employed; measurements were made in the Glorieta Formation of the Brown field and in the Tannehill sand of the E. Voss Tannehill Unit. The experience to date with the Exxon method for measuring oil saturation has been very good. The results obtained compare favorably with estimates obtained from other sources. The tracer method can be easily applied provided advance planning is adequate and precautions are taken to avoid operating difficulties with the well. Frequent profiles are essential for the development of a representative reservoir model.


In the given work construction and use of a site of faculty "Communication network" including an information part about faculty, informatively-methodical materials on studied disciplines, remote testing of knowledge of students, and also dialogue of the student with the teacher in a mode on-line is considered.


Abstract This study examines a group of women entrepreneurs of small and micro businesses in Hail, Riyadh and Eastern regions of Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The study aims to identify the particular style of leadership displayed by these women entrepreneurs; and whether all their competencies have the same or different influence on their task-oriented or people-oriented leadership styles. The respondents were initially identified through various organizations such as Wa'ed (Aramco's entrepreneurship centre), MISK Foundation and Monsha'at. Subsequently, we finalized female-owned small businesses that are operating for minimum two years in their respective business area as our target respondents. The survey questionnaire was sent to 310 women entrepreneurs after obtaining their approval. A total of 211 filled surveys were received. The responses having repetition or missing data were deleted which resulted in 174 surveys which were analyzed using SPSS. Surprisingly, the results indicate that our respondents exhibit a higher score of task-oriented leadership style. The female entrepreneurs who possess high degrees of business and management, relationship, entrepreneurial and human relation skills are found to incline towards task-oriented leadership style. The relationship and entrepreneurial competencies show a positive influence on the people-oriented leadership style. On the other hand, business and management, as well as entrepreneurial and human interactions, show a positive influence on task-oriented style of leadership.


1. Acute onset. As shown in Table 16, no significant relation was found between this variable and the prognosis on 6-fold x2 analysis. A comparison between the best group and the two others, however, revealed a significant tendency, both in the whole material and in female patients, for acute onset to favour a better prognosis. 2. Duration of disease. The shortest of the periods investigated, less than 1 month's duration of disease, showed no significant relation to prognosis (see Table 16). Cases with a duration of between 1 month and 1 year, on the other hand, presented a significantly better prognosis than other cases (0.01 <P<0.05). The difference was due to the conditions among the female patients, whereas the males showed no tendency in this direction. Both for the whole material and for female patients, significant differences were also recorded on comparison of the worst group with the two better ones. Cases with duration of over 1 year showed a worse prognosis than others. 6-fold analysis gave no significance, but on the contrary a comparison between the worst group and the other groups did (O.Ol<P< 0.05). It was again the female patients who were responsible for the tendency: a comparison of the worst group with the two better ones in the female section of the material reached strong significance


Several issues related to time directionality are discussed which are all directly or indirectly relevant to gravitation theory. Important clarifications are achieved regarding in particular the concept of negative energy and the associated notion of negative mass. Several difficulties associated with the possibility for matter to occupy negative energy states are identified and solutions to the problems they represent are suggested. An alternative interpretation of negative energy states as voids in the positive energy portion of the vacuum is developed. Generalized gravitational field equations which allow to fulfill the requirements set by the axioms derived from this analysis are provided. A revised formulation of the discrete symmetry operations based on the insights gained while addressing the problem of negative energy is then proposed which gives rise to an improved notion of time reversal. Those results are then applied to provide significant new insights into many aspects of the semi-classical theory of black hole thermodynamics and regarding several long-standing problems in classical cosmology, including the problem of the small value of the cosmological constant, the problem of the nature of dark matter, and that of structure formation. Finally, it is shown that certain difficulties currently addressed through inflation theory, including the flatness problem, the problem of matter creation, and the problem of the origin of time asymmetry can be overcome more naturally by making use of the developments introduced while solving the problem of negative energy.


We present the gamified AR learning environment ARES. During the gameplay, learners guide the little dragon called "Ares" through dungeons. Using AR, ARES three-dimensionally integrates the dungeons in the real-world. Each dungeon represents a coordinate system with obstacles that ultimately create mathematical exercises, e.g. rotating a door to let the dragon fly through it. Overcoming such a challenge requires a learner to spatially analyze the exercise and apply the fundamental mathematical principles. ARES displays a debriefing screen at the end of a dungeon to further support the learning process. In a preliminary qualitative user study, pre-service and in-service teachers saw great potential in ARES for providing further practical and motivating exercises to deepen the knowledge in the classroom and at home.


A parastomal hernia is an incisional hernia related to an abdominal wall stoma. Parastomal hernia occurs frequently after the formation of a colostomy or ileostomy and it is the most common late stoma complication. Contents of parastomal hernia almost exclusively are limited to the mobile structures of the abdomen. Parastomal hernia including stomach is extremely rare. We describe a case of parastomal hernia containing stomach in a 65 year old woman who underwent rectal resection and left lower quadrant colostomy two years ago for rectal adenocarcinoma. The patient was presented to our emergency department with abdominal pain, vomiting and upper abdominal distension proceeding for 2 weeks. Abdominal CT revealed mild gastric dilatation associated with a parastomal hernia that contained the gastric corpus and antrum. The parastomal hernia was manually reduced. After 7 days, the patient fully recovered and was discharged. Parastomal hernia may contain stomach in patients presenting with obstructive symptoms. To the best of our knowledge, the current case has been published the ninth of such cases. Although rare, the present case is noteworthy in highlighting both the importance of being aware of this entity as well as radiologic confirmation to make correct diagnosis.


Maurice R Raynaud (1834-1881) has been recognized as important in the history of medicine and of rheumatology for his MD thesis, Local Asphyxia and Gangrene of the Extremities (1862), which described what we now idenhfy eponymously as Raynaud's disease or phenomenon'. Raynaud's work on symmetrical gangrene was also identified by Garrison and other later commentators as an important and innovative contribution to neurology2. The contemporary importance of Raynaud's thesis is reflected by its publication in the same year as it was presented. Raynaud produced an enlarged second edition in 1874, with supplemental case histories and experimental studies. Both these publications were translated into English and republished in 18883. Raynaud's original study incorporated 25 case reports. Raynaud described the distinctive triphasic colour changes of the extremities, from pallor, to cyanosis, to a spreading vermilion, and their connection with loss of sensation and localized gangrene, and/or rheumatic pain in digits, toes, and so on4. (These colour changes are still found in roughly twethirds of patients in most modem studies, although only pallor is now regarded as a sine qua non for the diagnosis.) He underlined the importance of exposure to cold and "even a simple mental emotion" as causative factors5. He also maintained that these symptoms were characterized by a symmetrical tendency, so that "similar parts" were "always" affected6. Much of this conception of Raynaud's has held up to subsequent clinical trial and analysis. Raynaud's Preface to his published thesis expressed great humility as to the contribution he was making. He recognized that the "group of symptoms" he was concerned with had already been observed and described by previous authors, emphasized the limited nature of his aims and his achievement, and declined to claim any novel addition to knowledge of the athology of the


The article deals with the major contents of the Bassel Agreement and the significance and difficulties in bringing into force in China.The writer probes into the way in which China can enforce the Agreement and promote .the development of the financial laws and perfect the financial legislation and financial supervision.


1. In burying beetles (Nicrophorinae), body size is known to provide both a fecundity advantage (in females) and successful resource defence (in males and females). Despite this, considerable variation in body sizes is observed in natural populations.


The inductive coupling link technique is popularly used for transmitting power in many biomedical applications, where it helps in transferring power to numerous implanted biomedical devices like a wireless pressure sensor system. It has also been noted that the inductive coupling variables significantly affect the coupling efficiency. In this study, the researchers have investigated the inductive coupling link variables for 3 transmitter coils and one receiver coil. They used a resonant frequency of 27 MHz as the operating frequency, based on the Industrial, Scientific and Medical (ISM) band. The experimental results indicated that the Voltage gain (i.e., Vgain) value of the inductive links was dependent on the Coupling Factor (K) existing between every coil and load resistance (i.e., Rload). It was also noted that the value of the Voltage gain increased with an increase in the implanted resistance, based on a constant coupling factor. Furthermore, the simulation results indicated that if the Rload=1000, the Vgain value would be maximal, whereas if Rload = 200Ω, the Vgain value would be minimal and ≈ 5V.These results indicated that the operating system could satisfy all the requirements for powering the implanted sensor biodevices.


SUBTITLE: AIRBORNE EXPRESS' CHARLES OGLE SEES EARLY SIGNS THAT THE ASIAN "FLU" HAS RUN ITS COURSE. SIDEBAR: NEW ERA FOR FORWARDERS: SHIPPING REFORM ALLOWS FORWARDERS TO "NEGOTIATE TRULY GLOBAL CONTRACTS," OGLE SAYS.


Poltekes Negeri Semarang Department of Obstetrics Semarang Prodi Midwife Diploma IV Semarang 2016 ABSTRACT Saidatun, Bahiyatun, Rizky Amelia Factors that Influence Premarital Sexual Behavior on Teenagers at Working Area Puskesmas Mangkang Semarang 61 Pages + 12 table + 3 Figure + 4 appendixes Indonesia is country where most of population is teenagers, and on the teenager's data more than 15 million cases per year. Teenagers are the age of group that have higher risk by KTD and infected PMS ( Center Disease Control Preventation ,2009). Pilar PKBI (2015), there was increase of premarital pregnancy cases at Semarang city on 2015 is higher than the last three year ago as many as 575 cases.  Teenage sexual behavior would be affected by several factor, including gender, age, knowledge, role of the parents, resources. (Rauf,2008).  The aim of this research is to know factors that influence premarital sexual behavior teenagers at working area Puskesmas Mangkang. The research will be conducted at Semarang territory. The research used quantitative non experimental cross sectional design.  Population at this research is all of teenagers which visited at Puskesmas Mangkang. Sample that used are all of teenagers. Samples will be given questionnaire about factor that influenced premarital sexual behavior. The result showed relation including knowledge factor, role of parents, and resource with premarital sexual behavior. Knowledge significant value p-value= 0,038(p<0,05), resource p-value = 0,028 (p< 0,05), and role of parents p-value = 0,045(p< 0,05). From the result could be expected that all of aspect need cooperation within reduce value of premarital sexual behavior. And reduce the incidence to examine further aspects of force teenagers to have premarital sexual behavior. Keyword : Premarital Sexual, Knowledge, role of parents, resources.


In laboratory experiments, we determined the relative amount of predation before, during and after settlement with winter flounder Pleuronectes americanus as prey and sevenspine bay shrimp Crangon septemspinosa as predators. Wild-caught winter flounder at various stages of morphological development and settlement lfrom presettled, pre-eye-migration (511 mm standard length. SL) to eyes fully migrated, settled individuals (10.0 to 34.3 mm SL)] were exposed to predation by adult shrimp (47 to 74 mm total length). Mortality in treatments involving small settled flounder (78%) was twice that of presettled individuals (30 to 45 %). However, subsequent mortality decreased with flounder size, and was 0 % for flounder 220 mm SL. Predator density affected rate of predation on settled juveniles (8.7 to 19 mm SL); mortality increased from 0 to 80% as predator density increased from 0 to 10.6 m-2 At densities 210.6 m-Z, mortality reached an upper asymptote of 80 to 90%. These experiments suggest that predation by shrimp may be an important determining factor of habitat selection, size and mortality during settlement of winter flounder and other benthic fishes.


Interpersonal trust mediates multiple socio-technical systems and has implications for personal and societal well-being. Consequently, it is crucial to devise novel machine learning methods to infer interpersonal trust automatically using mobile sensor-based behavioral data. Considering that social relationships are often affected by neighboring relationships within the same network, this work proposes using a novel neighbor-aware deep learning architecture (NADAL) to enhance the inference of interpersonal trust scores. Based on analysis of call, SMS, and Bluetooth interaction data from a one-year field study involving 130 participants, we report that: (1) adding information about neighboring relationships improves trust score prediction in both shallow and deep learning approaches; and (2) a custom-designed neighbor-aware deep learning architecture outperforms a baseline feature concatenation based deep learning approach. The results obtained at interpersonal trust prediction are promising and have multiple implications for trust-aware applications in the emerging social internet of things.


Liposome-encapsulated chemotherapeutics have been used in the treatment of a variety of cancers and are feasible for use as mono-therapeutics as well as for combination therapy in conjunction with other modalities. Despite widespread use of liposomal drugs in cancer patient care, insufficient drug bioavailability following accumulation in solid tumors remains one of the major obstacles limiting their clinical efficacy. Long-circulating stimuli-responsive liposomes offer apart from increased tumor accumulation, control over the level of drug exposure from an ability to trigger the release of entrapped biomolecules. By modulating the liposomal membrane, liposomes can become sensitive towards enzymatically-driven destabilization and/or functionalization, thereby allowing control of the release of encapsulated therapeutics within the diseased tissue upon intrinsic stimulation from tumor-associated enzymes. And may thereby improve therapeutic outcome. Two types of enzymes commonly overexpressed in solid cancers and exploited for liposomal drug delivery purposes, are secretory phospholipase A2 (sPLA2) and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs).Furthermore, as platinum-based chemotherapeutic compounds are renowned for their radiosensitizing capacity, tumor-associated enzyme-sensitive liposomal platinum drugs can enhance the effect of radiotherapy (RT) specifically in the tumor tissue.In this thesis, we investigate the utility of enzyme-sensitive liposomal oxaliplatin (L-OHP) to improve inhibition of tumor growth and increase survival in tumor-bearing mice.The safety and efficacy of sPLA2-sensitive liposomal L-OHP was assessed in sPLA2-deficient FaDu hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma and sPLA2-expressing Colo205 colorectal adenocarcinoma. Also, the feasibility of multimodal cancer therapy employing L-OHP encapsulated in MMP-sensitive liposomes with fractionated RT was evaluated in MMP-proficient FaDu cancer xenografts.


New Visions in Performance features the work of twelve performers and academics who are concerned with the integration of digital technologies into theatrical performance.


The effect of oxygen on the structure of the low-temperature state of germanium telluride was determined by analyzing the parameters of the unit cell and the density of current carriers. It was established that the presence of small concentrations of oxygen in the starting components shifts the composition of the matrix toward excess tellurium.


This paper presents the development of a chronological range of communications technology that have significantly affected the sphere of human communication, making different depending on communications, communication networks and communications technology, in order to improve the general climate of communication in organizations, communities and civilizations. Seen in this context, the paper presents the research performance of individual communications, technology and media. Media is running through the print media (newspapers, magazines and books), while communications technology like telephone technology, film, audio, radio, television (analog, digital, and Internet), and satellite communications technology, home multimedia, computer technology (PCsandlaptops), and Internet technologies, and the convergence of the songs and dynamic beats communications technology as new communication platform/information society with asynergetic impacton people, families and society as a wise community.


The role that department policy plays in shaping how police officers exercise their discretionary powers to use physical force against citizens is a critical issue in the American justice system. Research has established that department policies regarding officers' use of deadly force effected firearm use and led to reductions in incidents of officers discharging their weapon. There is a noticeable lack of similar evidence on the effects of policy changes regarding the use of non-lethal force. This study describes the results of an assessment of the effect that a change in policy governing a specific type of non-lethal force—TASERs—in one major police department had on officers' use of the device. The results show that a move to a more restrictive TASER policy led to a reduction in TASER use. The study also reports on the role that factors besides policy play in officers' TASER usage.


This paper empirically examines the hypothesis that countries exporting a larger share of manufactured products in total exports grows faster. Both cross-country and panel data analyses find evidence in support of the hypothesis for developing countries. The results are robust to the inclusion of a range of growth determinants. It is also shown that Asia fs superior performance up to the mid-1990s can be explained largely by a rise in manufacturing export share, as well as human capital accumulation and lower inflation rates. The paper fs findings support the view that not only trade openness but also export composite matters for growth.


T-Source inverter is a single stage power converter which can be used as a cost effective alternative for Z-source inverter. Dynamic modeling and analysis of T-source inverter (TSI) is vital for the determination of system limits, components selection for T-shape impedance network and controller design. A novel dynamic model of TSI in continuous conduction mode using the state space approach has been derived here. The derived model has been analyzed by introducing a disturbance in both the load and source side of the TSI. The stability, limitations and component selection of TSI have been done using pole-zero map and frequency response plots. The mathematical models are verified by Matlab / Simulink and experimental results.


The study was conducted to find out educational facilities provided to early childhood education in Azad Jammu & Kashmir. Descriptive research method was used for conducting the research. In descriptive research survey method was used for the collection of data from respondents. All two hundred sixty (260) teachers working in fifty-two (52) government primary schools of AJ&K were population of study. Universal sampling technique was used to select the sample from population. A questionnaire based on five-point Likert scale was used as research instrument to collect data from teachers. Questionnaire was consisted of educational facilities i.e., the indoor and outdoor educational facilities. Mean, frequency, and percentage were used for analysis of data. It was found that ECE teachers support the specific learning tasks to be carried out there. ECE teachers helps to lay the foundation for education for rest of a child's life. It is suggested that trained teachers may be hired for ECE children to enhance quality of ECE program in AJ&K. There may be equal educational infrastructure and chances available to provide equity of learning to students across the District Kotli.


A lower-limb prosthesis is conventionally attached to the residual limb by a socket and often some suspension devices. Although this approach has been used for over 50 years, previous studies have pointed the phenomena that local limb pain and soft tissue breakdown are common. High pressure applied from the prosthetic socket onto the residual limb is the major cause of the problems.
Researchers are developing a surgical approach using osseointegration for directly connecting a prosthesis into the femur using a fixation system with a titanium implant. The absence of a prosthetic socket can alleviate the skin problems. This procedure increased significantly the quality of life of amputees. However, the current rehabilitation is long and some occasional mechanical failures of the fixation following a fall were reported. Understanding the load applied on the osseointegrated fixation is one important step to solve these problems.
This article presents the load applied on the fixation of twelve trans-femoral amputees during level walking.


Objective: To observe the relationship between methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) C677T gene polymorphism and homocysteine levels in cerebral palsy (CP) children. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in several hospitals, school for children with special needs, and rehabilitation centers in Bandung from March to November 2014, on children with CP aged 4–14 years who met the inclusion criteria. Genotyping was performed using polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) and direct sequencing. Homocysteine serum level was measured using chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay (CMIA) method. Statistical analysis was conducted using t test. Results: In this study, 150 CP children had MTHFR C677T gene polymorphism with a frequency of 18%, consisting of TT homozygotes (4%), CT heterozygotes (14%), and T allele (11%. The mean serum level of homocysteine in CP with C677T MTHFR gene polymorphism was 8.22 (±1.89) µmol/L, higher than those without polymorphism (p=0.046). Conclusions: A relationship between MTHFR C677T gene polymorphism and homocysteine level in children with cerebral palsy is found in this study. Keywords: Cerebral palsy, homocysteine, methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase polymorphism DOI: 10.15850/ijihs.v4n1.682


This document updates the handling of DirectoryString in the Internet
X.509 Public Key Infrastructure Certificate and Certificate Revocation
List (CRL) Profile, which is published in RFC 3280. The use of
UTF8String and PrintableString are the preferred encoding. The
requirement for exclusive use of UTF8String after December 31, 2003 is
removed. [STANDARDS-TRACK]


This article discusses the judicial analysis of unlawful acts by the government in the removal of the head of the Bengkulu City Health Service based on Decision No. 13/G/2021 PTUN-BKL. Specifically, the unlawful act by the government in the decision was in the form of issuing a decree that was declared contrary to legal provisions and the AUPB. In this paper, the method used is normative-juridical. The normative-juridical approach can be explained as an approach to solving problems based on law. The results of the study explain that the application of the principle of legality of authority is very important in carrying out the duties and authorities of the government to prevent unlawful acts by the government.


We survey recent developments and give some new results concerning uniqueness of weak and renormalised solutions for degenerate parabolic problems of the form


Defining the components of cultural heritage as (movable and immovable property) means that this concept is limited to tangible objects only. But you ask, what is the extent of this concept, is it absolute to include all material things, or has the legislator defined it in specific areas? He noted that national laws revolve around two basic directions in this regard, namely: the flexible approach, which originally uses general terms based on the element of importance or seniority, which allow describing these assets, without the need to specify the scope of these organisms, that this method allows broadening the scope of Heritage to include elements of natural heritage also according to aesthetic, scientific and touristic expressions. The second approach is very narrow due to the use of specific terms that limit its scope. These terms deal with some human activities, especially those related to construction, production, and writing ... As for the Iraqi legislature, it has also adopted the narrow approach in the antiquities laws of 1924 and 1936, and the restriction of the scope of effects on human activity only, which is represented by matters related to construction and drafting. And inscriptions and monuments, a trend that was characterized by shortcomings and contradicts archeology itself, as this science does not only study human output, but rather aims to study everything related to the past time. . Security, antiquities and civilization are carried to protection at the international level. There are many treaties from different countries to protect the antiquities of their own civilizations, but with great regret, Kurdistan is currently considered a region and not a state to participate in these treaties. Despite this, we have to search for alternatives by communicating with international organizations to protect the remaining traces of Kurdish civilization. But in the Antiquities and Heritage Law No. 55 of 2002, the legislator tried to expand this framework by adding additional sentences to the definition of antiquities, and this was done by adding two other fields besides the effects of human activity. The first area includes human skeletons. The second field includes the structures or remains of animals and plants because the study of human heritage is not complete without knowing the way people lived in those ages and what are the plant and animal organisms that he used to deal with. It should be noted that this field is considered, in the first place, as an element of the natural heritage, but it is limited to the past.


Becoming comprehension-based teachers are the necessary requirement of new curriculum and also the ultimate appeal of teachers' professional development.To achieve the professional development of comprehension-based teachers,teachers should have the ideas that understanding is man's way of existence and teaching process is the process of understanding in the professional knowledge;more attention should be paid to the practical knowledge of teachers in the professional knowledge;teachers should improve their ability of comprehension,communication and reflection in the professional ability.In the four stages of professional development,teachers should be good at reflection,have the idea of life-long learning,and conduct action researches so that they will ultimately become comprehension-based teachers.


A discordant hepatic uptake between Tc-99m sulfur colloid and Ga-67 citrate has occurred in an adult patient with hepatotoxicity due to hypervitaminosis A. The authors believe this is a scintigraphic phenomenon related to the characteristics of the radiopharmaceuticals used and does not necessarily represent a true dissociation of various cellular functions of the liver.


The most common control algorithm used in commercial Unmanned Aerial Vehicles' (UAVs) autopilots is the Proportional Integrative Derivative controller. The PID-based controller cannot handle changes in UAV dynamics and the presence of wind disturbances; in this latter case a PID parameters re-tuning is necessary. UAVs' flight performance is affected by exogenous disturbances and additive noise, existing in a real operative environment. Dealing with always more demanding requirements of flight maneuvers, a robust Model Predictive Control (MPC) approach is proposed, which is able to handle external disturbances (as gusts or wind distubances) and parametric uncertainties (as variations in mass, flight conditions or payload). In this work, it is first considered a classical MPC design. A cost function and state and control constraints are built for the inner loop dynamics (pitch, roll and airspeed) and for the altitude outer loop. A PID control regulates the heading variation (navigation outer loop). MPC control law is based on an optimization problem, which at each sampling time aims to find the optimal control sequence that minimizes some function and satisfies some constraints; only the first element of the predicted optimal control sequence is applied to the plant. To obtain a feasible problem it is necessary to choose accurately tuning parameters. An interesting variation of classical MPC is the Tube-based Robust MPC (TBRMPC), which lets to deal with external bounded disturbances and parametric uncertainties with the same computational efficiency of a classical MPC and guarantees to respect hard constraints. In the TBRMPC, a linear nominal system is taken into account and it represents a nominal dynamics of the system with no disturbances and uncertainties. The discrepancy between nominal and actual system lets to define the error dynamics. The TBRMPC algorithm consists of an offline part and an online part. In the offline part a feedback gain matrix is evaluated in order to stabilize error dynamics. The advantages of using this kind of controller are twofold: (i) low computational effort, so this controller can be implemented on a on-board controller, (ii) guarantee of robustness of the control system, able to handle variations of the system and to represent a realistic environment. The key feature of this proposed approach is the real-time implementability, with a time-varying control law ans, as said before, a feedback gain evaluated offline. Moreover, tighted state and control constraints are computed. In the online part a classical MPC optimization problem is solved at each sampling time, a nominal input is derived and then corrected according to the gain feedback matrix and the actual error. A Linear Matrix Inequality (LMI) approach is applied to the state feedback stabilization, to reduce the computational effort, guaranteeing the stability and improving real-time implementability.


As in many states, Ohio divides its school districts into different athletic divisions based on school enrollment in order to maintain a fair and competitive environment between schools of different sizes. In the sport of cross country racing, all schools who field a team are grouped into one of three divisions. We examine the ability of teams to compete fairly within each division. Our approach is to create statistical models of high school runners and then use Monte Carlo techniques to simulate the competition between schools. Our model isolates differences in school enrollment to separate those effects from other factors impacting a school's cross country performance. Our analysis reveals a significant disparity in competitive equity between schools within divisions arising from large differences in school enrollment.


Allogenic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allogenic HSCT) is employed to treat benign and malignanthematologic disorders. Increased use of allogenic HSCT has improved outcomes and patient survival, but has led to increased complications. Bone complications following HSCT include osteopenia, osteoporosis, avascular necrosis (AVN) and fracture. These complications decrease patient quality of life and increase morbidity. Allogenic HSCTassociated bone loss is linked to multiple factors including pre-transplant physiologic risk, myeloablative regimens, total-body irradiation, graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), immunosuppressive regimens, secondary hypogonadism, intestinal malabsorption and renal dysfunction. However, the precise molecular causes of HSCT-associated bone loss remain to be determined. Herein, we summarize the epidemiology, risk factors, and pathophysiology of allogenic HSCT-related bone loss and fracture. Also, review is made of the current modalities for prevention and treatment of these complications.


In natural communication, humans mostly focus on the speaker's face and devote very little visual attention to gestures, which play a significant role in language comprehension. To date, explicit attention to gestures has only been studied in optimal listening conditions, and only with native speakers of a language. We investigated how native and non-native listeners allocate attention to speech relevant visual information (visible speech and iconic gestures) when speech is both clear and degraded. We recorded participants' eye movements while they watched videos of an actress who uttered a high frequency Dutch verb (e.g., rijden, to drive in English) in either clear or 6-band noise-vocoded speech (moderate speech signal degradation), and who also either performed or not the accompanying iconic gesture. We found that the face was the locus of sustained attention in clear and degraded speech, suggesting gestures, when they were presented, attracted little overt attention in (non)-native listeners. While both listener groups gazed more to gestures in clear than degraded speech, overall, non-native listeners gazed significantly more to gestures compared to native listeners. Taken together, the results suggest explicit attention to the face is functional for the extraction of information from visual speech articulators while gestural information can be extracted peripherally. Yet, the fact that gestures attract more visual attention from non-native listeners than would be normally expected may suggest that non-native listeners conceive of visual semantic information conveyed by gestures as an especially rich source of information that can aid language comprehension under both good and suboptimal listening conditions.


In this paper the finite-horizon min-max optimal control problem for uncertain max-plus-linear (MPL) discrete-event systems is considered. We assume that the uncertain parameters lie in a given convex and compact set and it is required that the input and state sequence satisfy a given set of linear inequality constraints. The optimal control policy is computed via dynamic programming using tools from polyhedral algebra and multi-parametric linear programming. Although the controlled system is nonlinear, we provide sufficient conditions, which are usually satisfied in practice, such that the value function is guaranteed to be convex, continuous and piecewise affine, and the optimal control policy is continuous and piecewise affine on a polyhedral domain


A preliminary investigation into the possible role of glass transition and glassy state behavior of lubricants in EHD contacts is reported. Measurements of the glass transition of lubricants as a function of pressure by two methods are presented along with a discussion indicating possible implications of the results to EHD lubrication.


There are several techniques available to control the leakage current in deep sub-micron technologies. One of the techniques is the Input Vector Control (IVC). By using IVC, leakage power consumption of a circuit can be minimized in the off state. In this paper, an algorithm has been given to calculate the best input vector that can be applied to the circuit (designed with 65nm technology transistors) in the off state for obtaining the low leakage current. The concept of controllability of the nodes in the circuit and the inter dependency of the gates in the circuit were used to determine the best input vector in the algorithm. Exclusive OR gate with NAND gates is used to test the algorithm, the results showed that the algorithm gives an input vector that can be applied to the circuit in the sleep state which is same as that of the vector obtained using an exhaustive search in CADENCE SPECTRE, with less computational time.


When compared to the general population of the region, patients with chronic hepatitis (CH) and cirrhosis of the liver (CL) B, C and В+С were 99 % more likely to be diagnosed with diabetes (р


The production of phi-meson pairs has been observed in 400-GeV/c proton-nucleon interactions at the Fermilab multiparticle spectrometer in the inclusive reaction pN..-->..phiphi+X, where each phi decays to a K/sup +/K/sup -/ pair. A fast (200 nsec)= high-level processor was used to selectively trigger on events containing two pairs of oppositely charged kaons having low invariant masses. The experimental apparatus and trigger processor are described. The cross section for phiphi production and an upper limit for eta/sub c/ production are presented.


The algorithm used for determining sensor placement in this thesis will be based on the Kalman lter. This lter is very famous and its application are numerous some examples include aircraft navigation, nance and weather forecasting. It is used to extract an estimate of the true state of a system based on noisy measurements. For linear systems, where the noise satis es certain assumptions, the Kalman lter minimizes the expected squared error between the lter's estimate and the true state of the system. By varying the sensor location, and therefore the observation matrix, one can further minimize the expected squared error to determine an optimal sensor placement. For linear systems, a regular as well as steady state Kalman lter are used for the sensor placement algorithm. This thesis examines this concept further, for nonlinear systems by using the Extended Kalman lter.


Abstract Similar weight gain but poorer feed efficiency was noted when chicks were fed a diet containing a mixture of l -aspartic acid, l -alanine, l -serine and diammonium citrate as compared with those of chicks fed l -glutamic acid as a source of dispensable amino acid nitrogen for 0–21 days of age. When the nitrogen supplied by diammonium citrate was replaced by increased amounts of l -aspartic acid and l -alanine, no differences in either weight gain or feed efficiency of chicks were noted. All comparisons of the utilization of the different sources of nitrogen were made on an isonitrogenous basis. These results indicate that there is not a dietary requirement for glutamic acid for maximal growth or feed efficiency of the young chick.


The credit derivatives market has experienced explosive growth in recent years. As such, and in connection with the success of credit default swaps on unsecured bonds, the market demanded a credit derivative product based on leveraged loans. In June 2006, the International Swaps and Derivatives Associations, Inc. (ISDA) published a set of standard terms for credit default swaps on "syndicated secured loans" in the United States, which were amended in May 2007 ("US LCDS"). Due to variations in the European leveraged loan structures, and the differing needs of the European market participants (including portfolio managers), the European loan credit default swap has evolved separately from US LCDS. That evolution continues today. In Europe, a number of dealers agreed on a "cancellable" form of standard terms for credit derivative transactions on leveraged loans in October 2006 ("cancellable ELCDS"). In June 2007 (and amended in March 2008), ISDA published the standard terms of credit default swaps on leveraged loans for the European market ("ISDA ELCDS").


SummaryRecurrent post-hysterectomy vaginal vault prolapse is a difficult surgical problem. Our experience of seven cases of such prolapse treated by laparoscopic sacral colpopexy is reported. In all, the vaginal vault was fixed to the presacral region using a prolene mesh, with the entire procedure being performed laparoscopically. Median follow-up is 6 months (range 2 to 18 months). All six patients with some follow-up reported excellent symptom-relief. The repairs were clinically assessed to be excellent in five and good in the remaining patient.


On the structure of hecke algebras.- On locally extended residually finite groups.- On the conjugacy problem for knot groups.- Exceptional primes in varieties.- Group with free subgroups of finite index.- Free subgroups of linear groups.- On groups of exponent four IV.- The higman theorem for En (A) computable groups.- Ring theoretic methods and finiteness conditions in infinite soluble group theory.- The index of an algebra automorphism group.- Notes on groups of exponent four.- Primary abelian groups and the normal structure of their automorphism groups.- Countable type local theorems in algebra.- On powers, conjugacy classes and small-cancellation groups.- The orders of generation of SL (2,R).- Centrally separated elements in groups.- An attack on the restricted burnside problem for groups of exponent 8 on 2 genrators.- Groups whose images have a transitive normality relation.- Polycyclic group rings and the nullstellensatz.- SQ-Universal 1-relator groups.- The cohomology of pregroups.- A survey of SQ-universality.


The conditions for β-glucosidase production by bacterial strain HGS-3 were optimized.The results showed that the geniposide could intensively induce β-glucosidase production in strain HGS-3.The optimized conditions for β-glucosidase production were:carbon source(bagasse:bran=3:1)5 %,beef extract 0.5 %,geniposide 0.2 %,KH2PO4 0.4 %,MnSO4 0.04 %,pH 9.0,broth volume 20 ml,rotary velocity 200 r/min,temperature 45℃ and fermentation time 24h.After optimization,the enzyme activity in broth reached 93.48 U/ml,which was nearly 6 times higher than that before optimization(16.55 U/ml).


In [3] M. Aamri and D. El Moutawakil proved two general common fixed point theorems for self-mappings on semi-metric space. Here we show that many fixed point theorems which use contractive conditions of integral type can be obtained as corollaries.


PURPOSE
To investigate the morphological aspects of brain and eyes in newborn rats whose mother underwent autogenously fecal peritonitis.

METHODS
Four pregnant rats that underwent fecal peritonitis, with a 10% fecal suspension in dose of 4 ml per kilogram received two antimicrobial treatments: 1. intraperitoneal moxifloxacin and dexamethazone; and 2. Intravenous meropenem. After head inspection, the brain consistencies and the eyes belonging to all offspring were analyzed.

RESULTS
The brains of newborn from rats that received 4 ml/kg of 10% suspension of feces showed, significantly smaller and less than the firm consistency of those in the control group. Congenital cataract was observed in 9 (34.6%). No cataract was observed in the 20 newborn rats from the mothers that received the combination of moxifloxacin and dexamethasone. Cataract could be observed in three (13.6%) offspring from mothers that received meropenem.

CONCLUSIONS
Peritonitis can produce brain damage and congenital cataract in rats. The translation to humans is that intra abdominal infection in pregnant women may be associated with damage in brain and eye structures of their concepts. This can be averting using the adequate early therapeutically approach.


In wireless Ad Hoc networks,a minimum connect dominating sets (MCDS) has been used as virtual backbone to alleviate the broadcasting storm,improve the performance and prolong the system lifetime.A 2-phase distributed approximation algorithm for constructing MCDS based on the properties of maximal independent set is proposed.The time complexity,message complexity and the performance ratio of algorithms are analyzed respectively.


Simple Summary Despite extensive research, malignant glioma remains the most aggressive and fatal type of brain tumor. Following resection, therapy is based on radiation concomitant with the methylating agent temozolomide (TMZ), followed by adjuvant high-dose TMZ. In previous work, we showed that following TMZ exposure, most glioma cells evade apoptosis and enter a senescent state and are thereby protected against anticancer therapy. Senescent cells may escape from senescence, contributing to the formation of recurrences or can induce the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), which may impact therapy success. Therefore, direct targeting of senescent cells might be favorable to improve the effect of TMZ-based anticancer therapy. Here we show that during TMZ-induced senescence in glioblastoma cells, the antiapoptotic factors c-IAP2 and Bcl-2 are responsible for the prevention of cell death and that inhibition of these factors by BV6 and venetoclax effectively kills senescent glioblastoma cells. Abstract Therapy of malignant glioma depends on the induction of O6-methylguanine by the methylating agent temozolomide (TMZ). However, following TMZ exposure, most glioma cells evade apoptosis and become senescent and are thereby protected against further anticancer therapy. This protection is thought to be dependent on the senescent cell anti-apoptotic pathway (SCAP). Here we analyzed the factors involved in the SCAP upon exposure to TMZ in glioblastoma cell lines (LN-229, A172, U87MG) and examined whether inhibition of these factors could enhance TMZ-based toxicity by targeting senescent cells. We observed that following TMZ treatment, c-IAP2 and Bcl-2 were upregulated. Inhibition of these SCAP factors using non-toxic concentrations of the small molecule inhibitors, BV6 and venetoclax, significantly increased cell death, as measured 144 h after TMZ exposure. Most importantly, BV6 and venetoclax treatment of senescent cells strongly increased cell death after an additional 120 h. Moreover, Combenefit analyses revealed a significant synergy combining BV6 and venetoclax. In contrast to BV6 and venetoclax, AT406, embelin, and TMZ itself, teniposide and the PARP inhibitor pamiparib did not increase cell death in senescent cells. Based on these data, we suggest that BV6 and venetoclax act as senolytic agents in glioblastoma cells upon TMZ exposure.


A synoptic view of the evolution of structure with Z and N in nuclei is beginning to emerge from the confiuence of new experimental results on phase transitional behavior, newly proposed many‐body symmetries for critical point nuclei, a new generation of solvable collective models, powerful approaches to viewing the systematics of nuclear properties based on simple models of residual interactions, and advances in microscopic calculations of medium mass and heavy nuclei. A recent compilation of nuclear masses has contributed by permitting empirical extractions of new p−n interaction strengths of the last protons with the last neutrons in many nuclei across the nuclear chart. A number of these developments will be discussed with an eye to the opportunities and challenges they provide for the future, especially in the era of next‐generation exotic beam facihties throughout the world.


There is little nursing research about process issues in conducting inclusive project advisory groups of people with autism and/or intellectual disability or those who are parents/carers of this cohort. Through a descriptive qualitative design, this article aims to analyze the processes, challenges, and solutions when facilitating these groups for a nursing project in Australia. Reflexive thematic analysis was utilized to analyze field notes and meeting minutes. Results highlight the need for a defined, robust communication process between researchers and advisory groups, skilled facilitators, and careful planning of when in the life of the project the groups can contribute meaningfully. This project offers a proposed framework for the valuable contribution of lived experiences from research advisory groups.


Harp seal fetuses and neonates were examined to determine the development, resorption, and eruption characteristics of deciduous and permanent dentition. Early September fetuses had recently formed, deciduous teeth only. By early December the deciduous dentition was robust and enameled. Permanent teeth were also present. In late December the roots of the deciduous teeth were being resorbed and the permanent dentition was larger and better developed. About 80% of the deciduous teeth were resorbed by birth in March. The rest were resorbed or shed after birth. The pattern of permanent tooth eruption was not correlated with pup age but the total number of teeth erupted increased significantly with increasing pup age, from 38% in newborns to 100% in weaned pups about 3 weeks old. The neonatal line formed at birth rather than at weaning or the onset of moult.


In order to provide empirical support on the impact of different top management remunera- tions on company's performance in China situation,taking the data from 473 Chinese listed companies be- fore the split share structure reform spanning from 1999--2004,this authors of this paper studied the im- pact of annual salary and managerial ownership of top executives on company's short--term and long-- term performance,and compared their impact degree.We find.firstly,top management annual salary has a remarkably positive relationship with both short--term and long--term performance of company;sec- ondly,managerial ownership has a quadratic,not remarkable,curve relationship with both short--term and long--term performance of company;finally,comparing with managerial ownership,annual salary has more impact on both short--term and long--term performance.


The invention relates to a display device and a manufacturing method thereof. The display device comprises a display module, a cover plate and an adhesive layer arranged between the display module and the cover plate, wherein a first ink layer is arranged on at least one part between the cover plate and the adhesive layer; the first ink layer is 5-7 microns thick; the display module is provided with a second ink layer. The ink layers are respectively arranged on all structural layers, and the single ink layer is as thin as 5 microns, so that offset generated by the ink layers is greatly reduced; therefore the adhesive layer can adopt a smaller thickness during laminating, and the whole structure of the display device is thinned and can meet requirements of people on light weight and thinness of electronic products; the problem that an optical glue layer is thicker in the prior art is solved.


This study examined the effects of an early intervention program on 93 infants weighing <1500 gms. at birth. The study infants (mean birth weight = 1230 gms., mean gestational age = 30 wks.) were randomly assigned to an intervention (I) or non-intervention (NI) group. The I group (n = 49) received 40 min. of proprioceptive stimulation daily beginning at 2 to 3 wks. of age which continued throughout the 2 to 3 months of hospitalization. The gestational age, birth weight, sex distribution, socio-economic status, and maternal educational level were comparable between the two groups. The I infants evidenced a higher state rating and their parents visited more frequently than the NI group (p <.01). Both positive observations are favorable factors for maternal-infant bonding. Neurological and Bayley scale assessment at 3, 6, 9, 12, and 18 months showed significant improvement with increasing age (p <.01), but with no significant differences between the two groups. The data demonstrate the positive role of an early intervention program for enhancing maternal attachment, but fail to suggest a beneficial effect on the neurological and developmental performance at 18 months of age in the low birth weight infant.


This invention relates to ring laser gyroscopes. A dither excitation system for a laser gyro includes a computer 100, a digital to analog converter 102, a filter 104 and a power amplifier 106 which drives a flexural hinge 108 of the laser gyro. The system detects the frequency of the laser gyro dither frame, it produces a digital signal corresponding to an excitation specified dither signal, and switches the dither drive signal to excite the flexural joint to its frequency resonance. The system may further comprise means for generating a digital waveform to two or three states which constitutes an approximation of the sine function, means for generating a digital waveform to two or three states which constitutes an approximation of the cosine function, and means for applying to the bending articulation representative voltages in quadrature waveforms sine and cosine. Application to navigation systems.


PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an Al coated steel sheet capable of improving total reflection characteristics, corrosion resistance and appearance when anodized.SOLUTION: The Al coated steel sheet for anodization includes an Al coated layer having an average thickness of 7 μm or more through an Al-Fe-Si based alloy layer on the surface of a base material steel sheet. An average Si concentration in a surface layer part from the surface of the Al coated layer to the depth of 3 μm is 2.0 mass% or less, preferably, 1.3 mass% or less, and an area ratio of an Al-Fe based intermetallic compound phase occupied on the surface of the Al coated layer is 10% or less.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 4


BACKGROUND
This study was to devise a prognostic model for metastatic gastric cancer patients undergoing first-line chemotherapy.

PATIENTS AND METHODS
A retrospective analysis was carried out on 1455 gastric cancer patients, who received first-line chemotherapy from September 1994 to February 2005.

RESULTS
At multivariate level, poor prognostic factors were no previous gastrectomy [P = 0.003; relative risk (RR), 1.191; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.061-1.338], albumin < 3.6 g/dl (P = or <0.001; RR, 1.245; 95% CI 1.106-1.402), alkaline phosphatase > 85 U/l (P = or <0.001; RR, 1.224; 95% CI 1.092-1.371), Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status of two or more (P = or <0.001; RR, 1.690; 95% CI 1.458-1.959), the presence of bone metastases (P = 0.001; RR, 1.460; 95% CI 1.616-1.836), and the presence of ascites (P = or < 0.001; RR, 1.452; 95% CI 1.295-1.628). Of 1434 patients, 489 patients (34.1%) were categorized as low-risk group (zero to one factors), 889 patients (62.0%) as intermediate-risk group (two to four factors), and 56 patients (3.9%) as high-risk group (five to six factors). Median survival durations for low, intermediate, and high-risk groups were 12.5 months, 7.0 months, and 2.7 months, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS
This model should facilitate the individual patient risk stratification and thus, more appropriate therapies for each metastatic gastric cancer patient.


Approximately half of the matter in the Universe is "unbound" at z = 0, according to N-body simulations such as the Millennium Run. Here, we use the milli-Millennium simulation to examine the distribution of unbound matter in relation to the dark matter halos which host galaxies. We measure the unbound matter within two types of windows, using a halo dependent radius and a fixed radius at several different scales. We also consider the timescales over which a halo can accrete the local unbound matter at z = 2 and z = 0. Finally, we compare the unbound matter to observable properties of galaxies, such as local galaxy count environment and stellar mass. We find that halos at z = 2 can accrete far more of the nearby unbound matter over a Hubble time than halos at z = 0 and that 78% of particles within 5 $R_{vir}$ of a halo at z = 2 will be accreted by z = 0, compared to 36% of particles within 5 $h^{-1}$ Mpc of the halo. We also find that galaxy count environment is closely related to the amount of nearby unbound matter when measured on the same scale.


Abstract Introduction The aim of the present study was to determine the morphological features of the pineal gland in three closely related Canidae species (raccoon dog, Nyctereutes procyonoides Gray, 1834; silver fox, Vulpes vulpes L., 1758; and blue fox, Vulpes lagopus L., 1758) of different ages during the breeding (spring) and nonbreeding (winter) periods. Materials and Methods Histological analysis of the pineal glands of canids was performed. Results The morphological changes in the pineal gland detected in the current study are either age-associated, including increase in the reticular fibers and vascularization in the studied species, as well as increase in the amount of the protruding septae in the blue fox, or seasonally related, including an increase in the number and size of blood vessels. The present work reported two types of pigments: lipofuscin (primarily in the silver fox) and melanin (primarily in the raccoon dog and in the blue fox). The pineal gland in the blue fox is characterized by the ability to form corpora arenacea. Conclusions The present study provides the first insight into the morphological changes of the pineal gland in three closely related Canidae species of different ages during the breeding (spring) and nonbreeding (winter) periods, and showed some species-specific features of gland morphology. The aspects concerning the biogenesis of the calcium concretions and the factors influencing the accumulation of pigments need further investigation.


The article presents the extension of dialectical materialism in the philosophy of the outstanding Chinese thinker of the 20th century, Fen Qi (1915–1995), which is reflected in his epistemological and metaphysical theory of wisdom, methodological interpretation of dialectical logic, moral theory of human freedom. It is shown that in the theory of wisdom, Feng Qi is trying to harmonize epistemology, ontology, logic, ethics and aesthetics, but he does not rely on ideas formed in philosophical discussions of the 20th century related with various questions of epistemology. Fen Qi identifies the "wisdom" with "metaphysics", by which he means the understanding of dao and its transmission as an absolute and apodictic principle governing reality and human existence as a whole. It is noted that for Fen Qi, the transition from knowledge to wisdom becomes possible not through a phased logical anal-ysis of knowledge, but due to sudden enlightenment ("intellectual intuition"). The concept of freedom is at the center of the ideal of modern man in Feng Qi's philosophy, and in or-der to become free you need to act consciously, voluntarily, naturally, in your own way. Fen Qi in his philosophical system combined the ideas of Confucianism, Taoism, Kantian-ism and Hegelianism. The most important peculiarity of Feng Qi's philosophy is searching for a path between relativism and dogmatism, which is the most fully reflected in his dia lectical logic, theory of wisdom and the moral theory of human freedom.


The rapid technological developments in the electronics, telecommunications and information technology in recent years, made it possible to society the remote control and monitoring of your home, providing more intelligent environments, comfortable and safe. However, high costs make the inaccessible home automation for most of the population. The purpose of this work is the development of a low cost system using the Arduino, excellent for beginners in programming and an application on the Android platform, providing interactivity and simplicity in handling the functions by the users. The communication used in the project is via Wireless, this technology so present in everyday life of modern society, provides agility and practicality of the exchange of information needed by users. In tests conducted through the smartphone application installed succeeded in activating the devices, given the low cost and good quality expectations.


In this letter, on-resistance RON degradation in lateral double-diffused MOS transistors is observed when the device is operated under off-state avalanche-breakdown condition. Although interface states and positive oxide-trapped charges are created near the drain, interface-state generation is identified to be the main degradation mechanism. Technology computer-aided design simulation suggests that the driving force of damage is breakdown-induced hole injection. Experimental data show that RON degradation has the tendency to saturate, in agreement with the saturation of interface-state generation and oxide-trapped charges data extracted by charge-pumping measurement.


Abstract Tracking the major narratological trends that give treatment to Jane Austen's narrators in Northanger Abbey and Persuasion, this paper at once seeks to consolidate a narratorial voice as distinct from an authorial voice in each work while simultaneously collapsing each of these narratorial voices into storyworld characters via metalepsis. This one-two punch of consolidation and collapse allows me to argue for the emergence of a "tangled indeterminacy" in Northanger Abbey, a discovery that leads to two original possibilities: either a second narratorial voice emerges toward the end of the novel, or the initial narratorial voice bifurcates, such that a part of her is left behind in the diegesis while another part of her retreats to the narratorial plane. In either case, any attempt to attribute "the wild imagination" of Northanger Abbey to a specific narratorial persona must account for one or both of these readings.


The presence of Trematodon ambiguus from two localities in the Aragonian Pyrenees (Spain) is indicated, being its only records for the Iberian Peninsula. Data on its ecology are included and the species is proposed as threatened.