Asnake Kefale works at the Department of Political Science and International Relations at Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia. He has many years research experience in federalism and its consequences in Ethiopia–– he has published numerous articles and chapters on these subjects. Among his published works, Federalism and Ethnic Conflict in Ethiopia is the focus of this review. During the last half a century, Ethiopia has witnessed three regimes that differed from each other in ideology, internal composition, ethnic and social policies as well as foreign policy. While the Imperial and Socialist Ethiopia were characterized by a high level of centralization, since 1991, a post-Socialist Ethiopia is characterized by its would be promise of a new setting that was supposed to open the door for ethnic and religious equality, and some kind of decentralization so that the decision-making process would get closer to the people. The initial hopes and anticipation were great as Ethiopia was exhausted by the Eritrean war and groups such as the Tigray People"s Liberation Front, Oromo Liberation Front, and many others, which struggled the regime of Mengistu. In 1991 and 1992, the two mentioned parties also played significant role in the political roundtable talks, but failed to find a mutual understanding. Federalism can be found in many countries with various features depending on different socio-economic, historical, political, cultural as well as religious contexts. In the case of Ethiopia, ethnicity, as a direct result of failed aspirations of minorities during the Derg era, became the most debated issue in politics since 1991. Therefore, a greater focus on ethnicity was needed to fulfill hopes of people who fought against the previous regime. Since the early 1990s, ethnic federalism in Ethiopia has become a matter of analytical works of numerous political scientists and anthropologists (e. g. Cohen, 1995; Abbink, 1997; Keller, 2002; Abbink, 2006; Wondwosen & Zahorik, 2008). One of the fresh monographs that deal with federalism in Ethiopia is Asnake Kefale"s Federalism and Ethnic Conflict in Ethiopia, which in its case studies, focuses on two "peripheral" regions–– Benishangul-Gumuz and Somali. According to the author, one of the significant problems of today"s Ethiopia is actually the lack of genuine decentralization which is usually associated with federalism. In Ethiopia, as also the author shows, what rather exists is centralized form of federal rule where "policy decisions come from the centre and the sub-units are responsible for its implementation" (p. 43). In other words, there is a visible dependency of regions on the center where an absolute power of ruling Ethiopian is


A single‐blind study was conducted to evaluate the blood pressure (BP) reduction and side effects of a sustained‐release (SR) formulation of trimazosin in patients with mild to moderate hypertension. Eighteen individuals (age, 21–65 yr; mean diastolic BP, >95 mm Hg) with essential hypertension were enrolled into the study. Each patient's dose was titrated to a range of 150–900 mg/d, with polythiazide added as necessary to achieve BP control Four hours following the maximum titrated dose of trimazosin, mean standing and supine diastolic BPs were significantly lower than baseline readings. Supine systolic BP and supine and standing heart rate were not significantly lower than baseline. At 24 hours after administration of the maximum dose, there were no significant differences in heart rate or BP compared with baseline readings. Five of 16 patients responded to trimazosin therapy alone. Of the 11 treatment failures with trimazosin alone, five were therapeutic failures and six discontinued because of side effects. Only two of these 11 patients achieved satisfactory results with the combination therapy. Trimazosin SR acutely lowers BP three to six hours after administration. It appears to have a duration of action longer than six hours, but it is not sustained for 24 hours. The proportion of patients failing to respond in this sample was very high and suggests that for similar patients, the drug does not appear to be a very useful antihypertensive agent.


The role of meiofauna is important in benthic food web.Species composition of meiofauna has an important guiding significance to the sustainable utilization of benthic resources.The meiofauna in the muddy intertidal zone of Hongdao was studied in March 2010.A total of 6groups were identified.Free living marine nematodes are the most dominant group,with benthic harpacticoid copepods in the second. The abundance of nematodes 1376.19±162.57ind.10cm-2in low tidal zone is significantly higher than that 644.44±206.26ind.10cm-2in middle tidal zone.In the vertical distribution most of the marine nematodes and copepods were in the surface sediment.A total of 36species or taxa were identified which belong to 30 genera.The dominant species were Daptonema oxycerca,Ptycholaimellus sp.1,Terschellingiasp.The average abundance index,evenness index,diversity index and dominance index are 4.868,0.686,2.457 and 0.165,respectively.


To improve upon previous methodology, participants in musically induced happy, sad, or neutral moods were asked to recall childhood and recent autobiographical memories in response to pleasant, unpleasant, and neutral word cues. Symmetrical mood-congruent memory effects were observed when events were rated from the perspective of when they actually occurred (i.e., then), because memories rated as being unpleasant then tended to be rated as more pleasant now. Finally, pleasant and unpleasant cue words facilitated retrieval of childhood memories more than did neutral cues. These findings suggest that symmetrical mood congruence can be observed when accounting for such factors as the valence of retrieval cues and the perspective from which experiences are rated, given that memories appear to undergo change in affective labelling.


Palliative care aims to be fundamentally person-centred, seeking to understand a person as a whole and identifying what matters to them. Accepting people for who they are and meeting their needs should be the very least of what we offer. We must ask ourselves in the palliative care community if we fully understand the importance of sexuality and gender as central aspects of identity for our patients and whether in our work we are taking steps to promote access and inclusive care for LGBTQ (Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer/questioning) people.


In this paper we produce complexity and impossibility results and develop algorithms for a task allocation problem that needs to be solved by a group of autonomous agents working together. In particular, each task is assumed to be composed of several subtasks and involves an associated predetermined and known overall payment (set by the task's owner) for its completion. However, the division of this payment among the corresponding contributors is not predefined. Now to accomplish a particular task, all its subtasks need to be allocated to agents with the necessary capabilities and the agents' corresponding costs need to fall within the preset overall task payment. For this scenario, we first provide a cooperative agent system designer with a practical solution that achieves an efficient allocation. However, this solution is not applicable for non-cooperative settings. Consequently, we go on to provide a detailed analysis where we prove that certain design goals cannot be achieved if the agents are self interested. Specifically, we prove that for the general case, no protocol achieving the efficient solution can exist that is individually rational and budget balanced. We show that although efficient protocols may exist in some settings, these will inevitably be setting-specific.


The aim of the study was to analyze the desktop subjects' gaze behavior and movement in the VR. Using the grounded theory method categories of the behavior evolved such as acts defying the laws of physics (e.g. reaching through walls, placing posters in the air), scanning and using off-topic materials (e.g. window, plant, partner's avatar), the size of the scanned area and the extension of the movements. Additional categories developed analyzing the verbal content of the videos (e.g. emotional content or verbalized acts related to the environment or its elements). The evolved categories provide a more accurate understanding of the VR users that can be used in creating the ideal user-task-environment combination for developing further systems.


cooperate and compete. In the second half of the book, Drutman argues why corporate lobbying has increased through his theory that lobbying is 'sticky'. To prove this argument, he analyses how corporations undertake a cost– benefit analysis of becoming politically active and how lobbyists themselves perpetuate lobbying. He draws the various strands together by considering the wider problems with lobbying. The depth of Drutman's analysis of the data helps him to succeed in proving his theory. He rightly acknowledges that there are other theories as to why corporate lobbying has increased in the United States such as bigger government, more issue-specific reasons for companies to get involved and the general growth of companies. All go some way to establishing why corporate lobbying has grown but do not fully address the issue. The theory that corporate lobbying is self-reinforcing is backed up by the data, providing a unique understanding of a complex issue that will assist future research for both political scientists and lawyers. If one improvement could be made to Drutman's otherwise excellent work, it would be that the link between the content of each chapter and his main argument could be made more explicitly. The breadth of issues covered (particularly in the first five chapters) and the points that he seeks to establish often leave the reader returning to the first chapter to understand where it fits in with his main argument. It would have been helpful to have a paragraph at the end of each chapter which clearly explains how each chapter builds towards his theory that lobbying is 'sticky'.


The researcher employs a qualitative method to describe the classificationsand the functions of the switching. This research uses sociolinguistics approachand purposive sampling technique. The source of data is the movie entitled theJava Heat and the data is taken from the dialogues in the movie.Bloom & Gumperz (1972) classifies the types of code switching based oncontextual/ pragmatic approach. They are situational code switching andmetaphorical code switching. The data shows only situational code switching thatappears in the movie. It means that all of the switching happens because of thechange of situations. There are some situations that influence the code switchingsuch as changing of participants, changing of setting, changing of atmosphere, andchanging of norm of situations. Moreover, Poplack (1980) classifies the types ofcode switching based on grammatical approach. They are tag switching, intersentential code switching, and intra sentential code switching. The finding showsthat there is no intra sentential code switching.The analysis shows that there is no metaphorical code switching and intrasentential code switching involved in the dialogue, which both of refer to codemixing. It proves that there is no code mixing that appears in the data.There are 6 functions found in the data which are based on the analysis.They are: talking about particular topics, interjection, repetition used forclarification, intention of clarifying, expressing group identity, and addressee. Theresearcher concludes that the main function of the switching is to show theethnicity and the intimacy between the speakers.Keywords: Code Switching, Code Mixing, Movie, The java Heat


The Role of Networks in Going Abroad : A study of how SMEs use business networks to act in foreign markets


Physiological effects of sublethal doses of atrazine on Lemna minor. VII. 1,2-[14C] acetate incorporation into the groups of lipids and their fatty acids.

The lipids and the fatty acids of ten-day old duckweed (Lemna minor L.), cultivated aseptically in mineral solution containing sublethal concentrations of 0,10 and 0,50 ppm (0.46 and 2.3 μM, respectively) of atrazine, were analyzed by thin-layer chromatography and gas-liquid radiochromatography after 1,2-[14C] acetate feeding. Sublethal concentrations of atrazine increased the incorporation of radioactivity in total lipids, diacylgalactosylglycerol (DGG), diacyldigalactosylglycerol (DDG), sul-folipids (SL), phosphatidylglycerol (PG), diacylglycerol (DAG) and triacylglycerol + steroll esters (TAG+SE). The incorporation of acetate-1,2-[14C] decreased in phos-phatidylcholine (PC) and in phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) in the presence of atrazine. The radioactivity increased in total Transic-hexadecenoic, linoleic and α -linolenic acids while it decreased in the other fatty acids. This indicates that the sublethal concentrations of atrazine stimulate the desaturation of fatty acids of L. minor. The radioactivity was strongly incorporated in the α -linolenic acid of DGG in the presence of atrazine. The specific radioactivity of α-linolenic acid was greater in DAG than in PG > TAG + SE > PC > PE > DGG > SL > DDG and it increased in all groupd of lipids analyzed under the influence of sublethal doses of atrazine. The labelling of Translchexadecenoic acid of PG and its specific radioactivity increased in the presence of atrazine. These changes suggest that the sublethal concentrations of atrazine stimulate especially the lipid metabolism of the chloroplasts of L. minor and they could explain the increase in the number of grana per chloroplast in treated L. minor. The results are discussed in relation to the biosynthesis of galactolipids.


THE PROTEAN MANIFESTATIONS of systemic lupus erythematosus are well known, and primary or initial involvement of the nervous system has been described freq~ently.l-~ The report of a recent symposium on disseminated lupus0 lists myasthenia gravis as an early manifestation of this disorder. However, a review of the literature suggests that this is a very rare occurrence and raises the possibility of coincidental association. A case in which symptoms of extraocular myasthenia gravis were followed within a few months by evidence of systemic lupus is described below.


(Problem) were prepared for the sole purpose of providing available medication filling apparatus without performing filling in and any modifications of the size and shape of the vial to be used member exchange and special operations drug or the like. (SOLUTION) Drug filling apparatus receives a prefilled vial from the medicine filling means side has a discharge unit 90 capable of discharging the bottle discharging window. Discharge unit 90, vial a graspable pair of gripping arms 92a, and bottle gripping means 92 provided with a 92b, a gripping means body 94 having a bottle gripping means 92, the bottle gripping means 92 from the medicine filling means side It includes a moving means 96 for moving up bin discharging window, and a gripping means reorientation mechanism 98 capable of changing the orientation of the body 96. Gripping means body 94 in conjunction to move toward the bottle discharging window operates the direction changing mechanism 98, the gripping arms 92a, 92b is in a state facing the direction projecting toward the outside of the bottle discharging window. .The 10


Contrast is the well-known observation in which a gray in a white surround appears darker than in a black one. An example is a 32 by 32 pixel gray area subtending 1.5 degrees visual angle on a black background 256 pixels on a side. The gray appears darker when surrounded by a band of white 12 pixels wide. The white band is made up of 2112 individual white pixels. If these white pixels are redistributed uniformly in the black background the gray appears much lighter. This paper measures the gray appearance as influenced by 2112 white pixel in a 27 different spatial configurations. The set of different spatial patterns of white pixels that generate the same matching lightness for gray are defined as equivalent backgrounds. The paper then analyzes the spatial properties of equivalent backgrounds. Gray appears darkest when the white surrounds the gray and is contiguous with it. In the case of the distributed white pixels, the gray appears lighter. This paper presents an analysis of the spatial properties of intermediate surrounds that give gray the equal visual appearances.


The patient was readmitted to hospital on February 10, 1962, with a non-specific pyrexial illness. Examination of the abdomen showed no abnormality, and there was no jaundice. A urine examination, a hremoglobin level estimation, a white cell count, a serum bilirubin level estimation, liver function tests and serum agglutination reactions showed no abnormality. The symptoms subsided rapidly when the patient was treated with tetracycline. When last examined, six months after operation, she was free of symptoms and had no clinical evidence of recurrence of the tumour.


Nowadays, ontologies have been exploited in many current applications due to the abilities in representing knowledge and inferring new knowledge. However, the manual construction of ontologies is tedious and time-consuming. Therefore, the automated ontology construction from text has been investigated. The extraction of taxonomic relations between concepts is a crucial step in constructing domain ontologies. To obtain taxonomic relations from a text corpus, especially when the data is deficient, the approach of using the web as a source of collective knowledge (a.k.a web-based approach) is usually applied. The important challenge of this approach is how to collect relevant knowledge from a large amount of web pages. To overcome this issue, we propose a framework that combines Word Sense Disambiguation (WSD) and web approach to extract taxonomic relations from a domain-text corpus. This framework consists of two main stages: concept extraction and taxonomic-relation extraction. Concepts acquired from the concept-extraction stage are disambiguated through WSD module and passed to stage of extraction taxonomic relations afterward. To evaluate the efficiency of the proposed framework, we conduct experiments on datasets about two domains of tourism and sport. The obtained results show that the proposed method is efficient in corpora which are insufficient or have no training data. Besides, the proposed method outperforms the state of the art method in corpora having high WSD results.


The objective of this study is to investigate the change of physical Characteristics such as progress of the physique, body fat percent, physical fitness and kinetic ability in 1 to 4 grades of navel cadets. In result of study, the change which follows in grade progress of the resultant physique and body fat percent did not appear significantly, but the change in physical item of the side step, the sargent jump, grip strength, push up, sit up, and VO2max which excepts sit and reach of the physical fitness factor followed in grade progress appeared significant. In addition, those changes in order to verify the composition of the second least squares approximation polynomials to interpret trends in the changes to apply. The side step, sargent jump, grip strength, and push up appeared the rapid increased tendency like the secondary polynomial until 3 grades and the tendency which is stagnant from 3 and 4 grades appeared. The sit upappeared decrement tendency extended in 3 and 4 grades, VO2max decreased tendency more and more 3 grades to 4 grades. In order to verify the change composition also from interpreted the change tendency to apply the secondary least square approximate polynomial. But the correlation analysis between body fat percent and physical strength did not appear in grade progress. In the result which investigates the accumulation degree of body fat percent for the regression polynomial of the body fat percent in BMI, the accumulation degree of body fat percent in BMI appeared too small fat in grade progress.


In general, political risk (PR) in the host country can exert negative effect on the inflow of foreign direct investment. In the preceding years, China's outflow foreign direct investment (OFDI) boomed in the lower middle and low income economies where PR seems serious and concentrated, therefore which influence PR exerts on China's OFDI generally? The article concludes that hat PR of an economy can definitdly hinder the inflow of China's OFDI, and the relative abundance of the strategic natural resources (SNR) of a host country can offset the negative effect of its PR on the inflow of China's OFDI, that is, if a nation is abundant in some SNR, it can attract a considerable amount of China's OFDI although it is risky politically. The conclusions of the article have the important theoretic and pratical implication to China's Firm going abroad.


In this paper,the manufacture,principle and characteristics of photonic crystal fiber are introduced.In comparison with the common fiber,the photonic crystal fiber is of more characteristics such as endless single-mode,strange dispersion,controllable nonlinear and more cores' transmission.There must be broad applications in photonic crystal fiber sensor,photonic crystal antennae,dispersion compensation and optics integrate circuit.


Abstract : It has been apparent for a number of years that the FAA's voice, radio and data communication equipment is obsolescent. Reliable services to users have been maintained as a result of the high esprit de corps of government and common carrier technicians and the availability of spare parts. Because of the reliable service, there is little pressure to replace the current hardware. In addition the telecommunications system that has evolved has grown in support of separate FAA services, is often inefficiently utilized and provides overlapping capabilities. The separate and dedicated communications for Air Route Traffic Control Centers (ARTCC) and Flight Service Stations (FSS) for example is more expensive than it need be. An overall plan to improve and update the complete telecommunications network was dubbed INACS (Integrated National Airspace Communication System). A number of reports were prepared in support of an INACS procurements. A review of these reports and others revealed that INACS is not a single entity and cannot be purchased as such. These findings are enlarged upon in the body of this report.


Today, Fmoc SPPS is the method of choice for peptide synthesis. Very‐high‐quality Fmoc building blocks are available at low cost because of the economies of scale arising from current multiton production of therapeutic peptides by Fmoc SPPS. Many modified derivatives are commercially available as Fmoc building blocks, making synthetic access to a broad range of peptide derivatives straightforward. The number of synthetic peptides entering clinical trials has grown continuously over the last decade, and recent advances in the Fmoc SPPS technology are a response to the growing demand from medicinal chemistry and pharmacology. Improvements are being continually reported for peptide quality, synthesis time and novel synthetic targets. Topical peptide research has contributed to a continuous improvement and expansion of Fmoc SPPS applications. Copyright © 2015 European Peptide Society and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Objective To investigate the effect of concurrent radiochemotherapy (CRCT) on the nutritional status of the patients with locally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma(NPC).Methods A total of 89 patients with locally advanced NPC who had accepted CRCT was retrospectively investigated.Several nutrition-associated indexes as well as weight loss and body mass index (BMI) were documented before and after therapy,and then statistically analyzed.Results All patients had weight loss,and 83.1% of the patients had significant weight loss.The changes in serum albumin concentration and triglyceride concentration were observed after therapy as compared with those before therapy,with statistical significance (P0.05).There were no significant changes in serum total protein concentration,serum concentrations of Ca 2+ and Mg 2+ ions at the end of treatment.Conclusions The results suggest that the nutrition-associated indexes of these patients with locally advanced NPC obviously deteriorate after CRCT,especially the serum albumin and triglyceride concentrations.


As an integral part of the EPRI nuclear plant life extension (NUPLEX) and other research programs, as well as other materials studies over the last decades, an understanding of materials degradation mechanisms has been gained. The phenomenological understanding of these degradation mechanisms which potentially act on the structural materials used in construction of a light water reactor (LWR), is the first step in any analysis effort to allow utilities to meaningfully predict the useful or residual life of a component. This report serves as a sourcebook for NUPLEX studies relating to materials degradation and component longevity assessment. A comprehensive list of materials degradation mechanisms is presented in the Appendices to the report. The degradation mechanisms for both operation and shutdown are identified in terms of checklists or applicability guides for the major LWR structural materials.


Whenever signals of a potential hazard to body integrity are recognized, the inflammatory response (IR) is immediately activated and developed, being composed by several cell types and cytokines whose participation aims the healing of damaged tissue [1]. The Acute Phase Response (APR), represents one of several constituent subsystems of the innate immune system, and its presence can be seen in every animal species [2,3,4,5]. The APR is responsible for multiple systemic effects, one of them particularly noteworthy, is the modulation of protein synthesis in the liver which results in plasmatic levels changes from a specific group of proteins called Acute Phase Proteins (APPs), whose majority are considered as positive APPs since their plasmatic level increase during the inflammatory process [3,4,5,6]. APPs hold as principal roles: 1) microorganisms opsonization and activation of the complement system, 2) scavenging of free radicals and cellular components, and 3) neutralization of the proteolytic enzymes action [4, 6]. C reactive protein (CRP) was the first described APP. It belongs to the Pentraxins family, holds a 100Abstract: C-Reactive Protein (CRP) was the first described acute phase response protein. In the dog, plasmatic CRP level can increase, as soon as, 4 hours after the onset of tissue lesion stimulus, decreasing afterward in a fast way if the underlying cause is resolute. In a peri-operative scenario, plasmatic CRP can also work as good monitoring tool relating to inflammatory tissue level, verifying that the increasing magnitude of its levels is correlated with the surgical trauma intensity produced in the patient. Fifty healthy bitches (N=50) presented for spay elective surgery were randomly distributed in 2 groups, according to the type of surgical incision technique used: scalpel Blade(GB), or CO2 Laser(GL). The study aimed to compare the plasmatic CRP level variation between GB and GL patients. From each patient, two blood samples were collected in 2 different time-points: T0(immediately after catheterization) and T1(4 hours after surgery ends), to measurement the plasmatic CRP level variation. Statistically significant results considered when p<0.05. Statistically significant differences were registered between the CRP levels variation and the surgical incision techniques (p<0.01), with CRP levels of GB, tended to increase from T0 to T1 contrary to the GL; and between CRP levels variation and body-weight (p<0.01). Concluding, it was possible to verify differences between both techniques, with lower plasmatic PCR level variation being registered for patients submitted to CO2 Laser surgery. Thus, the use of CO2 laser system in surgical incisions is associated with lower inflammatory response, promoting a better comfortable peri-operative period for the patient.


To determine the chloroform of high amount,FID was utilized,meanwhile 100 mL medical transfusion bottle was used as gas and liquid equilibrium bottle.The optimal experimental condition of headspace gas chromatograph was obtained by experiment.Correlation coefficient was 0.999 7.The relative standard deviation is between 2.73%~5.16%.The recoveries are between the range of 99.28%~99.98%.This method has good repeatability and high accuracy.Analysis demand is satisfied.


Abstract Ancient Chinese heritage buildings have high historical and artistic value. The bracket set in heritage buildings plays an important role in transferring and bearing load. However, over time, damage appears in these heritage buildings, which is especially serious in bracket sets. As damage seriously affects the safety and stability of the structure, studying the mechanical properties of the damaged bracket set and analyzing its influence on the entire structural system is vital for protecting ancient timber structures. This paper studies the influence of two kinds of damage on the mechanical properties of the bracket set. The model experiment results show that the force area reduction of the components in bracket sets has a distinct influence on the bearing and deformation capacities of the bracket set, with the impact on the stiffness of the bracket set being most significant. When damage occurs in the first layer of the Gong, the effect on the strength and the stiffness of the bracket set is the greatest. Numerical simulation shows that although the lateral displacement of the component will affect the seismic performance of the bracket set, the energy consumption ability remains good. The sidesway of the Cap Block has the greatest influence on the seismic behavior of the bracket set.


Abstract The potential for contamination of groundwater by dairy shed effluent (DSE) and ammonium N fertiliser (NH4CI) was assessed by measuring nitrate leaching from 16 large soil lysimeters (80 cm diam. × 120 cm depth). Each lysimeter contained an undisturbed monolith of Templeton fine sandy loam (Udic Ustochrept) located in Canterbury, New Zealand, with established perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) and white clover (Trifolium repens) pasture plants. DSE and NH4CI were applied at 400 kg N ha−1 yr−1, in two split applications of 200 kg N ha−1. During the summer, each lysimeter received either spray (50 mm mo−1) or flood (100 mm mo−1) irrigation. During the winter, the natural rainfall received was supplemented with simulated rainfall in order to reach the 75th percentile of local rainfall records for the winter period. The concentration of nitrate in the leachate reached 5 mg N l−1 under both flood and spray irrigation following the first N fertiliser application (Dec 1995), but did not increase above ...


To date, most MOOCs in major platforms (e.g. Coursera and edX) are xMOOCs, which means teacher speech is still the major part of these MOOCs. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate the quality of lecture and to explore the relationships between lecture quality of MOOCs and learning outcomes. The present study attempted to explore the lecture styles of instructors in MOOCs by using text analysis. One hundred and twenty-nine course transcripts were collected from Coursera and edX. We also collected public data of course evaluation from the largest MOOC community in China (mooc.guokr.com) Linguistic inquiry and word count (LIWC) and Coh-Metrix were used to extract text features including selfreference, tone, affect, cognitive words, and cohesion. After combined students' comments with clustering analysis, results indicated that four different lecture styles emerged from 129 courses: "mediocre", "boring", "perfect" and "enthusiastic". Significant difference was found between four lecture styles for the notes taken, but significant differences were not found for the course satisfaction and discussion posts. Future studies should exam whether different lecture styles have impacts on students' engagement and learning outcomes in MOOCs.


It is necessary to choose proper methodology and indicators for assessing sustainable eco- nomic development as the information becomes a tool for decision-making support of sustainable development policies and implementation of programs. In Ukraine, evaluating the results of implementation of different programs for development is essential as an analytical basis for making a strategy for the next period and a prerequisite for further progress. Certain shortcomings of linear models for evaluating the results appeared during the design and implementation of the strategy to manage sustainable economic development. The potential for establishing erroneous targets increases in the formation of strategic objectives for the next forecast period. There is a special need to choose adequate indicators to comprehensively approximate the factors of economic development and evaluation methods that allow more sensitively measuring the results of management decisions in the implementation of the strategy. The article evaluates the results of the Sustainable Development Strategy "Ukraine – 2020", employing the potential of the neural network method for a flexible combination of a large number of factors in constructing nonlinear models of impact on the resulting indicator. As a result of applying the neural network model with one hidden layer for evaluation, based on 16 indicators identifying economic, social, and institutional aspects of sustainable development of Ukraine, it was found that institutional transformations contribute most to achieving sustainable development. Reforms in terms of deregulation and support of entrepreneurship, property rights protection, and competitive environment have the most significant positive impact. On the other hand, low efficiency of capi- tal market reforms, implementation of the energy efficiency program, and reform in the field of public procurement determine the need to revise the program of their fulfilment. a prerequisite for country's progress. Appreciating this, Ukraine adopted the Sustainable Development Strategy "Ukraine – 2020" in 2015 (The Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine, 2015). This document contains a set of goals and objectives in various areas of social progress: the development of effective institutions, growth and sustainability, national security, social progress, etc. The key issues are the successful implementation of the planned steps of the strategy and priorities that the gov-ernment should set today to ensure further progress. The next stage of Ukraine's development requires a strategy that should consider the results achieved, as well as correctly identify priorities for overcoming internal constraints and global challenges.


Background
The Functional Movement Screen (FMS™) is a widely used seven-test battery used by practitioners working in sport medicine. The FMS™ composite score (sum of seven tests) in soccer athletes from different competitive levels has been well explored in literature, but the specific movement deficits presented by young high competitive level players remains unclear.

Purpose
The aim of the present study was to provide a detailed description of the performance of elite young soccer players (age 14-20 years) on the FMS™ testing battery.

Study design
Cross-sectional observational study.

Methods
One-hundred and three young soccer players (14-20 years) from a premier league club were assessed by two experienced raters using the FMS™ testing battery. FMS™ composite score, individual-test scores and asymmetries were considered for analysis, and comparisons between age categories were performed.

Results
FMS™ composite scores ranged from 9 to 16 points (median=13 points). 82% of the athletes had a composite score ≤14 points, and 91% were classified into the "Fail" group (score 0 or 1 in at least one test). Almost half of athletes (48%) had poor performance (i.e., individual score < 2) in "deep squat" test. Most of athletes in the younger categories (under-15 and under-16) had poor performance in the "trunk stability push-up" test (70%) and in the "rotary stability" test (74%). Asymmetry in at least one of five unilateral FMS™ tests was found in 65% of athletes.

Conclusion
High-performance young soccer players have important functional deficits, especially in tasks involving deep squat and trunk stability, as well as high prevalence of asymmetry between right and left body side.

Level of evidence
3a.


This paper analyzes the concentration and dispersion of the integrated feature selection algorithm (TFFS),and finds their shortcomings: it is difficult for concentration to measure the weigh of the low frequent terms; dispersion ignores the impact of term whose mutual information is negative. Propose a modified feature selection algorithm (TFFSL), which makes certain improvements on concentration and dispersion, and takes the length of terms as a measure of weight factors. The SVM classification experimental results show that: compared with TFFS algorithm, TFFSL algorithm has higher accuracy and more capacity of eliminating irrelevant terms.


The stability of a plane, straight-edged crack in a silicon crystal under varying tensile load is investigated by computer simulation using a sophisticated atmostic model which includes provision for the boundary conditions to vary with several degrees of freedom as crack propagation occurs. Trapping by the lattice is observed over a range of applied loads.


A Subset D of V is called a dominating set in G if every vertex in V-D is adjacent to at least one vertex in S. A Dominating set is said to be two dominating set if every vertex in V-D is adjacent to atleast two vertices in D. The minimum cardinality taken over all, the minimal two dominating set is called two domination number and is denoted by γ2(G). In this paper, we introduce the concept of split two domination number and non split two domination number of a graph. A Dominating set D  V of a graph G is a Split two dominating set if the induced subgraph <V-D> is disconnected and every vertex in V-D is adjacent to atleast two vertices in D. The Split two domination number γs2 (G) is the minimum cardinality of a Split two dominating set. A Dominating set D  V of a graph G is a Non Split two dominating set if the induced subgraph <V-D> is connected and every vertex in V-D is adjacent to atleast two vertices in D. The Non Split two domination number γns2 (G) is the minimum cardinality of a Non Split two dominating set. We found this parameter for some standard classes of graphs also we obtain some bounds for the above said parameter.


Abstract Objective This study examined the time course of efficacy‐related endpoints for lisdexamfetamine dimesylate (LDX) versus placebo in adults with protocol‐defined moderate to severe binge‐eating disorder (BED). Methods In two 12‐week, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled studies, adults meeting DSM‐IV‐TR BED criteria were randomized 1:1 to receive placebo or dose‐optimized LDX (50 or 70 mg). Analyses across visits used mixed‐effects models for repeated measures (binge eating days/week, binge eating episodes/week, Yale‐Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale modified for Binge Eating [Y‐BOCS‐BE] scores, percentage body weight change) and chi‐square tests (Clinical Global Impressions—Improvement [CGI‐I; from the perspective of BED symptoms] scale dichotomized as improved or not improved). These analyses were not part of the prespecified testing strategy, so reported p values are nominal (unadjusted and descriptive only). Results Least squares mean treatment differences for change from baseline in both studies favored LDX over placebo (all nominal p values <  .001) starting at Week 1 for binge eating days/week, binge‐eating episodes/week, and percentage weight change and at the first posttreatment assessment (Week 4) for Y‐BOCS‐BE total and domain scores. On the CGI‐I, more participants on LDX than placebo were categorized as improved starting at Week 1 in both studies (both nominal p values <  .001). Across these efficacy‐related endpoints, the superiority of LDX over placebo was maintained at each posttreatment assessment in both studies (all nominal p values <  .001). Discussion In adults with BED, LDX treatment appeared to be associated with improvement on efficacy measures as early as 1 week, which was maintained throughout the 12‐week studies.


Special attention is directed to the fact that the names of Institute members who are considered eligible for the AIEE Lamme Medal, to be awarded early in 1958 may be submitted by any member in accordance with section 1 of article VI of the bylaws of the Lamme Medal Committee, as follows: "The Committee shall cause to be published in one or more issues of Electrical Engineering, or of its successors, each year, a statement regarding the Lamme Medal and an invitation for any member to present to the Secretary of the Institute by December 1, the name of a member as a nominee for the medal, accompanied by a statement of his 'meritorious achievement' and the names of at least three engineers of standing who are familiar with the achievement."


Abstract We compared results of the hydroacoustic and netting methods of estimating guided and unguided fish passage and evaluated fish-guidance efficiency (FGE) of an extended submersible bar screen at John Day Dam on the Columbia River. Hydroacoustic counts of guided fish were significantly correlated with concurrent gatewell catches (r2 = 0.73; N = 39), as were hydroacoustic counts of unguided fish with fyke-net catches (r2 = 0.71; N = 39). However, hydroacoustic sampling significantly underestimated both guided and unguided fish passage relative to netting estimates. We could not explain the underestimates by modeling hydroacoustic detectability, and the distribution of fish passage across the intake width was not skewed away from transducer sampling volumes. Hydroacoustics provided relatively unbiased estimates of fish guidance efficiency (guided/(guided + unguided)) because of compensating errors in the numerator and denominator. The best correlation between net and hydroacoustic estimates of effici...


In the course of the face feature match, many classifiers have been designed. The neural network is usually selected as a classifier because of its validity and universality, whereas its training time, training epochs, and its convergence, all are not satisfied to us. It is often influenced by the author's experience. In the case, a collaborative genetic algorithm and neural network is presented as a new face recognition classifier. The one thing is to train the NN weights by the GA until the stopping criterion is met, and the next thing is to use the BP algorithm to continue to train the network. The training time and training epochs have been improved in the experiment of the face recognition on ORL face database. The simulation shows the validity of methods.


The interpretation of capacitance studies of deep levels in semiconductors is complicated by the presence of a Debye tail of free carriers, thermally excited from the bulk into the depletion region. The concentration of these carriers varies spatially within the depletion region and so produces a variation in the rate constant for capture by deep traps. Unless this effect is taken into account wrong values of concentration of the centre being studied will be obtained. A further consequence is that capacitance transients are in general not exponential functions of time, although in favourable cases an exponential function may be a good approximation. In the general case unreliable time constants may be deduced if capture effects are not eliminated in the reduction of data; this may be difficult to do satisfactorily when measuring initial rates of change of capacitance.


The Bayesian network (BN) method has been successfully applied to evaluate earthquake liquefaction‐induced settlement of free‐field ground in recent years due to several specific advantages. However, the existing BN models need to discretize all continuous variables, and therefore, they can only predict the range value of the settlement (i.e., classification). Thus, information loss is inevitable in the process of discretization, which will largely reduce the prediction accuracy of the model. To realize the application of the BN method in the regression prediction of seismic liquefaction‐induced settlement, this study proposes a hybrid modelling method combining a hill‐climbing algorithm and domain knowledge to construct the structure of a continuous BN regression model based on historical liquefaction‐induced settlement data, and then the conditional linear Gaussian approach is used to learn the conditional probability distributions of parameters. A five‐fold cross‐validation test is used to demonstrate better generalization performance and advantages (such as considering model uncertainty and prior knowledge) of the continuous BN regression model compared with a discrete BN classification model, simplified methods such as the Tokimatsu & Seed and Ishihara & Yoshimine methods, and an artificial neural network model. Their advantages and disadvantages are discussed. In addition, the other two continuous BN models using the Arias intensity and cumulative absolute velocity instead of the peak ground acceleration perform slightly worse than the proposed continuous BN model, and the reason for this difference is discussed.


The basic contact process or the SIS model is a well known epidemic process and have been studied for a wide class of people. In an epidemiological context, many authors worked on the SIS model considering only the dynamic of the first moments of infecteds, i.e., the mean value and the variance of the infected individuals. In this work, we study not only the dynamic of the first moments of infecteds but also on the dynamic of the higher moments. Recursively, we consider the dynamic equations for all the moments of infecteds and, applying the moment closure approximation, we obtain the stationary states of the state variables. We observe that the stationary states of the SIS model, in the moment closure approximation, can be used to obtain good approximations of the quasi‐stationary states of the SIS model.


In an effort to preserve laryngeal function in patients with carcinoma of the larynx, Wolf et al reported on a new strategy in treatment at the recent Second International Head and Neck Oncology Research Conference held in Arlington, Va. In 1985, the Veterans Administration cooperative study program initiated a prospective, randomized multi-institutional study of the effectiveness of induction chemotherapy (CT) and radiation therapy (RT) compared with surgery and postoperative RT in patients with stage III/IV laryngeal squamous carcinoma. Induction CT (cisplatin, 100 mg/m 2 administered intravenously on day 1, and fluorouracil, 1000 mg/m 2 in a 24-hour infusion on days 1 through 5) was repeated on days 1, 22, and 43. Tumor response was assessed after two cycles; responders received a third cycle followed by tumor biopsy and RT (66 to 76 Gy [6600 to 7600 rad]). Patients having less than a partial response (PR) had salvage laryngectomy and RT.


BACKGROUND
The formulation of sulphamethoxazole (S) and trimethoprin (T) (CO-TRIMOXAZOLE) in a combination mixture is very good pharmacologically since it enhances the efficacy of the individual drugs. However in this combination, difficulties in analysis on ordinary UV spectrophotometry are introduced because the two components give overlapping spectral bands on zero-order. The United States Pharmacopoea (USP)-recommended HPLC analytical method is quite expensive.

OBJECTIVE
The objective of the present work was to assess whether derivative spectrophotometry could be used to circumvent the overlapping spectral bands of the components and hence use it for routine analysis of the drug.

STUDY DESIGN
Experimental.

METHODS
The aqueous solution of the individual drugs and their binary mixtures were scanned on zero order and on first derivative at the wave length between 200- 300 nm and at the pH of 4.5.

RESULTS
The zero-order spectra of the compounds were completely overlapping. However the first-derivative scan offered better separation and hence T was determined from the absorbance at 237.6 nm with negligible contribution from S (since at this point it was reading zero). Likewise S was determined at a wavelength of 259 nm when T was reading zero. The linear calibration graphs were obtained for 4-25 microg x ml(-1) of S and for 4-20 microg x ml(-1) of T.

CONCLUSION
The method is rapid, simple and can be applied successfully to assay a mixture of the two drugs in pharmaceutical preparations.


The aim of this paper focuses on analyzing two student leaders, who lived the centennial period of the American independence, and simultaneously they also experienced the time of the Colombian student movement and the incidence of Cordoba ́s one in the Latin American region. We refer to Luis López de Mesa (1884-1967), centenary generation: and Germán Arciniegas (1900-1999), generation of new leaders. The historical period covers from 1910 to 1924 corresponding to the first and second Colombian student Congress. From the political history are analyzed these two student leaders, who occupied the ministry of education under liberal governments. Both were dedicated to university teaching and were characterized by their contributions to journalism and their new approaches towards a reform of the Colombian university. Their conceptions on education and their university proposals are studied here from the perspective of the student movements and especially from the features adopted from Cordoba ́s Movement in Colombia. The comparative methodology was used for this study and is based mainly on primary sources.


In this paper, we implement a vector potential integral equation method for electromagnetic scattering problems. The proposed equations are formulated by imposing both the tangential and normal components along the surface of a scatterer. They can be solved by a subspace projection method such as the Galerkin's or moment methods by considering the induced surface currents and the normal component n. A as unknowns. Numerical results validate the effectiveness, stability and accuracy of the proposed formulation.


The focus of this study was to determine and analyze the level of physical condition possessed by diving athletes in Pasuruan. The data obtained will be used as material for development and a benchmark for physical conditions that divers must own at the provincial level in other regions. This study used a quantitative descriptive approach with a total sample of 19 athletes consisting of seven males and 12 females. The tests were carried out collectively at GOR KONI, Pasuruan Regency. Data collection techniques used are tests and measurements of abdominal muscle strength (30 seconds sit-ups), power of leg (Standing board jump), flexibility (Sit and Reach), Vo2Max Endurance (Multi-Stage Fitness Test). The physical condition of the Pasuruan finswimmer athletes was dominated by the moderate category with nine athletes, then the excellent category with eight athletes, then the less category with one athlete, as for athletes with excellent conditions totaling one athlete. From the research, it can be concluded that the physical condition of the Pasuruan district finswimming athlete is included in the moderate category.


This paper presents a mathematical model of a pulse-pumped Nd:YAG laser. The performance of cw-pumped systems has been described by Koechner in terms of the input power and output power. The operation of Q -switched systems has been modeled by Wagner and Lengyel. To the author's knowledge, no adequate model of the pulse-pumped laser exists. The two mentioned models are examined and aspects of each combined to produce a model of the pulse-pumped laser that allows its performance to be predicted from the mirrors-only resonator to the Q -switched system. The model applies equally well to a diode-pumped laser.


Studies on men's body image are becoming increasingly popular. They show that body dissatisfaction may lead to certain health disorders (depressive mood, bigorexia, anxiety). This study focuses on the differences in body dissatisfaction among young men who work out to reach different aims (to increase, strengthen or to shape muscle mass). Body dissatisfaction was measured using the Bodybuilder Image Grid Scale. The results of this study show that there are no significant differences between men who exercise in gyms using different types of work-out. However, there is a significant difference between men who exercise to gain muscle mass and those who do not work out at all; the first group is less satisfied with their bodies as far as fat mass is concerned. Moreover, the evaluation of health and body attractiveness was measured using the questionnaire 'Your values' and asking men about the hypothetical possibility of giving up their longevity for a perfect body. The results indicate that men who exercise tend to treat health more instrumentally than those who do not train. Finally, those who train regularly find attractiveness of the body much more important than those who do not exercise at all.


Objective:
 Celiac disease (CeD) is an autoimmune enteropathy triggered by dietary gluten, with a prevalence around 1%. Since many patients show heterogeneous symptoms, it is vastly underdiagnosed and yet without any treatment option besides lifelong gluten restriction. Vascular function in CeD patients compared to healthy controls has been assessed and hypothesized CeD as a cardiovascular risk factor. Herewith we aimed to explore the cardiovascular effects of CeD in a murine model, with special emphasis on endothelial dysfunction, vascular inflammation, and oxidative stress, known triggers for cardiovascular disease.

 Methods:
 NOD.DQ8 mice were raised on a zein-based, gluten-free diet. During the experiment, mice received gavage with peptic-tryptic digest of gliadin and were switched to a gluten-containing diet (Gliadin group). A control group (Zein group) was continued on gluten-free diet and received accordingly digested zein.

 Results:
 Blood pressure measurements revealed arterial hypertension in the Gliadin group. Endothelium-dependent relaxation was impaired in the Gliadin group compared to Zein, whereas no change in endothelium-independent was observed, tested by isometric tension recordings. Pro-inflammatory genes, like
 Tnfa
 and
 Nox2
 were upregulated in the Gliadin group measured by quantitative rtPCR in aortic and intestinal tissue. Infiltration by intraepithelial T-lymphocytes into the epithelium of the small intestine was shown by IHC. In cardiac tissue, gliadin-treatment increased the oxidative stress parameters 3-nitrotyrosine and 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal shown in dot blots. To investigate the inflammatory link between gut and the cardiovascular system plasma proteomics were performed and revealed elevated levels of IL-17A.

 Conclusion:
 CeD is a cardiovascular risk factor. However, the mechanism remains unresolved. In a mouse model, we demonstrate that gluten treatment elevates blood pressure and impairs vascular function. Intestinal inflammation conveys to the cardiovascular system, leads to oxidative stress, and thereby impairs endothelial function. A potential mediator might be IL-17A, whose role in other autoimmunity-based cardiovascular risk factors (e.g., psoriasis) has already been demonstrated.


Objective To explore the clinical effect of aescine sodium liniment prevention of chemotherapy induced phlebitis.Methods 100 patients with phlebitis were randomly divided into two groups, the treatment group and the control group with 60 cases in each. The treatment group, using aescine sodium liniment, to the skin,control group use mucopolysaccharide polysulfate cream.Results The treatment group was better than control group.Conclusion Aescine sodium liniment in treatment of chemotherapy induced phlebitis, obvious curative effect, no adverse reaction.


In the paper the classification of investment processes is offered. Formation of investment resources at the regional level is considered. Models of investment activity of managing structures in region are presented.


The present invention discloses a method for the actuator housing isolator. Exemplary spacer (102) comprising: an annular member (140, 142) defining a central opening and arranged to form a part of the actuator housing when the first and second actuator housing part (106, 108 ) is connected to the annular member, said annular member separated from said first and second actuator housing part by a predetermined distance. Said annular member (142) surrounding said central opening comprises a first surface and arranged to engage the first housing portion (106) and surrounding the central opening to engage the second housing portion and is disposed (108) a second surface. Each of said first and second surfaces each include a plurality of apertures, the apertures being arranged to receive a plurality of threaded fasteners (114), to the first and second actuator housing part (106, 108) connected to said annular member (140, 142).


Every solid, liquid, and gas has a unique spectral signature. This signature represents the reflection, emission, or absorption of energy at each wavelength across the electromagnetic spectrum. Hyperspectral imaging sensors measure this signature for hundreds of wavelengths. By analyzing these signatures, a material can be remotely identified by comparing the collected signature to a reference library. Many of the existing signature-matching methods, such as matched filter, are statistics-based approaches. These techniques cannot always be easily parallelized for highperformance computing applications and architectures. As spectral imagers become more widely available, processing requirements are shifting from analysis of individual collection campaigns to daily processing for globally collected data. The advent of persistent hyperspectral applications will require the capability to work with extremely large data sets and more computationally tractable methods for real-time processing. We suggest, in contrast to matched filter methods, a pixelby-pixel approach to weak signature detection in hyperspectral imagery.1 By this method data analysis can be easily parallelized for multicore, multi-cpu, or multinode computer architectures. This approach also lends itself to both airborne real-time and large-scale ground-based data processing. The image formed by each individual wavelength in hyperspectral imagery is contained within an x-y plane. Because the imagery collects data for hundreds of wavelengths, that information is contained within the z-axis. A cube of data is formed in which the z-axis of each pixel represents its spectral signature. In this pixel-by-pixel approach, the wavelet packet transform (WPT) is applied to the spectral signature of each individual pixel. Figure 1. Sulfur dioxide (SO2) plume (left) and benzene plume (right).


Introduction: Current analysis of thermal, epithermal and fast neutrons measured by the Mars Odyssey Gamma Ray Spectrometer (GRS) suite of instruments reveal two equatorial regions (Figure 1) with a significant near-surface mass of Water Equivalent Hydrogen (WEH) (up to 10%) located in Arabia (25 ̊ E and 5 ̊ S) and the Medusae Fossae (180 ̊ E and 15 ̊ S) region of the Tharsis bulge [1]. These regions probably contain subsurface deposits of chemically and/or physically bound H2O since water ice is predicted to be thermodynamically unstable in the equatorial region of Mars [1-4].


In order to provide guidance for the improvement of feeding benefit of layering hen and protect the smooth and healthy running of the egg market,the egg's production,circulation,marketing and other aspects in Heilongjiang were surveyed by whole course track for six months.It grasped accurately the regular pattern of price volatility and the price formation of egg,and analyzed income of layering hen feeding in detail.


e11086 Background: Aromatase inhibitors have been recently implicated in hip fractures. We report the occurrence of hip fractures in middle aged women with early stage breast cancer, and perform a ...


A novel tissue hardness measurement sensor (tactile sensor) capable of measuring the material constants of fabricated The tactile sensor we proposed is composed of an elastic optical waveguide unit, a high-resolution CCD camera unit, and an LED light source. The sensing element is formed on polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and illuminated along its four edges by LED light sources. The sensor operates on the principle of total internal reflection within an optical waveguide. When an object compresses the waveguide, the contact area of the waveguide deforms and causes the light to scatter. Since the scattered light is directly captured by a CCD camera, the tactile resolution of the proposed sensor is based on the resolution of the camera. Experiments were conducted to demonstrate the ability of the proposed sensing strategy in measuring Young's modulus of polymer samples within 23% error.


This paper presents a cell-based AISC design flow where the traditional CMOS cell library is replaced by pass-transistor logic (PTL) cell library. In particular, we develop an automatic PTL logic synthesizer to perform area-oriented synthesis by exploiting the characteristics of the PTL cell circuits. Two methods are used to reduce the area cost. The first method, called buffer elimination, for the pre-layout area minimization is to reduce the redundant inverters in the gate-level netlist during the logic mapping stage and results in an area saving of more than 50%. The second method, called layout compaction, is to reduce the layout area in the physical level by considering the design rules imposed on the PTL cell circuits, and lead to an additional 30% area saving.


A large volume of basalts was distributed in oil source rocks of Funing formation in Minqiao area of Jinhu depression.The basalts and source rocks are interbedded together forming a kind of assemblage of basalt and source rock. A series of measurements were conducted on trace elements for both the basalts and the source rocks.The results show that the basalts were altered by organic acids and carbonic acid generated from its surround source rocks during their burial history and the trace elements were migrated from the basalts to the source rocks.In fact,the basalt alteration is process of element activation,mineral corrosion and material transportation in the basalts by the acids from source rocks.Then the trace elements are migrated and deposited in the source rocks. At the early alteration,original gas pores and shrink fractures of the basalts were enlarged,and late,the pores and fractures were further enlarged and connected to each other to produce good reservoir spaces for oil and gas accumulation.Meanwhile,the source rocks around the basalts were abnormally rich in the trace metal elements.The interaction between basalt and source rocks is an important mechanism for the basalt corrosion and the reservoir space formation,and for catalysis of organic matter into hydrocarbons by the trace elements in the source rocks.


Local contents in broadcasting institutions, both of local broadcasting stations (SPL) and network station systems (SSJ), still face a problem. An effort to encourage the existence of local content in broadcasting institutions can be done by regional legislative institution (DPRD). The implementation of regional legislative function in encouraging optimization of local content existence in broadcasting institutions is the main focus of this study. This study uses a qualitative descriptive method with an empirical juridical approach with study documentation subject of regional legislative functions in encouraging the existence of local content. The results of study show that optimizing the function of regional legislative is significant in encouraging local content existence since they have access to  The Regional Indonesian Broadcasting Commission (KPID) and Local Public Broadcasting Institution (LPPL). At least, there are implementation model of DPRD functions in encouraging the optimization of local content actualization in Broadcasting Institutions, namely: Accessibility Model through KPID and LPPL & LPS Broadcast Network Models


Geochemical modelling is a tool to attempt to understand complex systems and phenomena and make decisions about the management of sites in order to minimize the impact of metal pollution (heavy metals). In the case of solutes and contaminants that are not reactive or who are conservative, the only physical process can be modelled, but most of the contaminants are reactive. In particular, in the case of metallic elements, chemical reactions significantly affect the concentrations in solution (transfer delay, processing into a more toxic species ...). Dam of Sidi M'Hamed Ben Aouda was put water in 1978 on the main stem of the Wadi Mina with an initial capacity of 253 hm3 but given the erosion phenomenon that hit the region, the dam currently suffers from siltation problem and its capacity is reduced to 153 hm3, several factors come into play such as vegetation, topography, rainfall, water quality... In this context, the study of dam water below was made by the physic-chemical data acquired by the National Agency of Water Resources. These data are collected over a period of 27 years (1985-2012) with the aim to characterize the physic-chemical state of water systems in relation to these waters. The study was initiated by doing classification dam water using piper diagram and see their subsequent evolution as a function of the study period. Thus, the calculation of the speciation of the chemical species of water was carried through the SWAT model, which permitted to make a modelling pollutants index most threatening (PO4, NO3, NO2) and at the end find the influence of dry residues and turbidity on siltation dam SMBA. According to preliminary results, it would be preferable in the future it is hoped that the SWAT model may become a useful tool in the design phase of dam water treatment systems. D'apres les premiers resultats trouves, il serait preferable dans l'avenir d'esperer que le modele SWAT peut devenir un outil utile dans la phase de conception des systemes de traitement des eaux du barrage.


This paper investigates the role of currency denomination in the the intertemporal risk-return relation among G7 countries. Similar to the findings of previous studies, our estimation also shows that the financial markets of the G7 countries are integrated. We obtain significant pricing coefficient estimates on the global index, but insignificant estimates on country-specific risks. Different from the literature, however, we find that the intertemporal risk-return relation differ significantly under different currency denominations. The slope coefficient estimate is the largest at around seven when the returns are denominated in Japanese yen, smallest at around three to four when the returns are denominated in pound or euro and its predecessors. The slope estimates are in the middle at about five to six when the returns are denominated in the U.S. or Canadian dollar. The estimates stay in the same range and the rankings remain unchanged when we consider different specifications for the conditional covariance estimations and when we replace countryspecific portfolios with industry-specific forms in estimating the intertemporal relation. JEL Classifications: G12, C32, F03, F31.


A plate is provided with pressed out spikes 4 and holes/slots 1,2,3, which is used to butt-joint a member 2A to a transverse member 2B, eg in a ceiling structure to which plasterboard are nailed. The side A of the plate is first hammered on to the end of the member 2A, then screws or nails are inserted through holes 2 to further secure the plate to member 2A. The member 2A is then attached to member 2B by inserting nails or screws through the adjusting slots 3 and holes 1. The joint prevents twisting of the member 2A. It may be used in fencing, sheds and in other applications.


I t would be more logical to begin this genetic and developmental investigation of the character of pregenital obsessionality from direct noncontroversial areas, such as the recently increasing evidence that compulsion neurosis as well as compulsive behavior appear frequently in the very early preoedipal period. However, there are the advantages of reorientation from established areas of our psychoanalytic body of knowledge that make it worth while to examine older formulations as a starting point for this level of investigation. In Freud's monograph, Beyond the Pleaszire Principle (Z), he describes the behavior and the dramatic play of a one-and-a-halfyear-old boy to demonstrate the phenomenon referred to as the repetition compulsion. This he describes as a "beyond the pleasure principle" act. In his opinion at that time, problems of transference, resistance, acting out and traumatic neuroses are similar evidences of the repetition compulsion. It is beyond the scope of this paper to evaluate or to reorient, if necessary, the relationships of these phenomena to each other. Suffice it to say, that again Freud attempted to understand matters of ego psychology in terms of instinctual psychology. T h e concepts of id, ego, and superego were to be crystallized in a few short years. TVaelder (8) years later, in agreement with Freud, stated that the earliest play of children falls into two categories, from the psychoanalytic point of view. T h e first is play that adheres to the pleasure principle. T h e second is play from sources of unpleasure in which a traumatic event is repetitiously used as the content of the play so that the ego of the child can accommodate


This work aims to investigate the possibility of reducing the occurrence of marine accidents by avoiding the unsuitability of marine transportation personnel. Recognizing that a majority of marine accidents arise from the improper reactions of transportation workers, we propose to evaluate the suitability of transportation personnel with the aid of brainwave analysis and Virtual Reality (VR) technology. By analyzing the brainwaves of a person facing operation situations simulated via VR, it may be possible to predict his/her responses in the situations and, thereby, determine if he/she is suitable to be involved in transportation work. Our preliminary experiments show that the brainwave analyses do have the capability of evaluating the appropriateness of the decisions made by a person when he/she faces operation situations.


In a model of document delivering service,the delivering centre with its supporting network will provide us efficiently with a guarantee of required documents and improve the utility of the record holdings in the system.Thus,the goal of co-building and sharing document resource is to be achieved.


The core liner was pulled out of the core barrel and sediment was immediately sampled for CH4 concentration determination through holes drilled through the core liner at 33, 66, 100, 133, and 166 cm. Then the GC-core was sub-sectioned at 2 m. Additionally sediment was sampled at the top of each sub-core and from the core catcher. A 5 ml syringe with the luer-lock end cut off was used to sample 3 cm 3


Objective:To compare the treatment of fixation for long bone fracture with dynamic compression plate(DCP) and limited contact-dynamic compression plate(LC-DCP).Methods:From 1998 to 2000,397cases of long bone fractures were treated surgically with DCP or LC-DCP.Factors including in-hospital time,intraoperation bleeding,surgery time,time of fracture union,and non-union rate were studied statistically for analysis.Results:The outcomes of internal fixation with LC-DCP is better than that of DCP.The difference between the two groups was significant statistically(P0.05).Conclusion:LC-DCP internal fixation for long bone fractures is better than DCP.


Abstract We report the optimized wafer-scale fabrication of microporous membranes for applications in the biomedical field such as cell filtration. Existing similar devices can mostly not be integrated on CMOS circuits or mass fabricated. Both is enabled here by the exclusive use of scalable and low temperature microsystems technology methods on silicon wafers. The successfully manufactured devices are characterized with regard to the feasibility of an integrated clogging detection or captured cell counter. The results from electrochemical measurements across the chips match the calculations from a corresponding theoretical model well, verifying the described concept. Further electrical functionalities may thus be integrated into the micromembrane device in the future, equipping it for new applications and allowing a more efficient solution for existing tasks of similar devices.


Effective and efficient diagnosis methods are highly demanded to improve system reliability. Comparing with conventional fault diagnosis methods taking a forward approach (e.g., feature extraction, feature selection, and fusion, and then fault diagnosis), this paper presents a new association rule mining method which provides an inverse approach unearthing the underlying relation between labeled defects and extracted features for bearing fault analysis. Instead of evenly dividing methods used in traditional association rule mining, a new association rule mining approach based on the equal probability discretization method is presented in this study. First, a series of extracted features of signal data are discretized following the guideline of equalized probability distribution of the data in order to avoid excessive concentration or decentralized data. Next, the data matrix composed of arrays of discretized features and defect labels is exploited to generate the association rules representing the relation between the features and fault types. Experimental study on a bearing test reveals that the proposed method can generate a series of underlying association rules for bearing fault diagnosis, and the related features selected by the proposed method can be used directly to analyze bearing signals for fault classification and defect severity identification. As a new feature selection method, it possesses prominent superiority compared to traditional PCA, KPCA, and LLE dimension reduction methods.


Two experiments investigated the contrast sensitivity of the visual changing-size channel, and in particular whether the perception of sideways motions and changing-size are mediated by different contrast-sensitive stages. In Experiment 1, subjects adjusted the contrast required to (1) detect, or (2) discriminate stimulus squares whose edges oscillated in either an untiphase or in an inphase manner. Oscillations varied in frequency (CL8 Hz) and in amplitude (1'~7' peak-to-peak). Contrast detection thresholds were significantly lower than discrimination thresholds, and both were generally independent of frequency. Thresholds for antiphase and inphase stimulation were not reliably different. The contrasts required to just see antiphase and inphase oscillations were elevated to the same extent after adaptation to an antiphase oscillation. In Experiment 2, subjects adjusted the oscillation amplitude required to detect stimulus oscillations after adaptation to antiphase stimulation (2 Hz) at various contrasts (8.3x-86%). Elevations of the threshold oscillation amplitude saturated at about 50% adapting contrast, but were roughly proportional to log adapting contrast below 50%. Antiphase threshold elevations were considerably greater than inphase elevations. The results are interpreted as supporting the notion that the threshold detection of both antiphase and inphase oscillating stimuli is mediated by a common early contrast-sensitive stage of analysis.


Study is made of the nature of colloid palladium,the process of recovery of metal Pd from waste colloid palladium solution and also the effect of dye on the covering power and deep-coating power of the acid coppering solution experiment.The results showed that the recovery of palladium metal is up to(98.79)% by heating for colloid dissolution.The ζ potential of colloid palladium is directly affected by the additive,and the colloid stability is affected to some extent by Na_(2)SnO_(4) and vanillin.Analysis and comparison is done on the leveling and brightness of the coating as well as the covering power and deep coating power of the coating solution.The best dye for the tests is Methylene blue and Rhodamine B,with covering power 75.05%,68.42% and deep-coating power 85% and 88% respectively.


European countries experienced significant inflows of migrants in the past decade, including many refugees coming from regions engaged in armed conflicts. While previous research on migrant health largely focused on economic migration, empirical evidence on the health of refugees is sparse. We use administrative data from Austria to differentiate between economic migrants and refugees and analyze their health care expenditures in comparison to natives. The results distinctly show different expenditure patterns. Unlike economic migrants, we find substantially higher expenditures for refugees, most pronounced in the first year upon arrival. The difference is not explained by specific diseases or individual refugee groups, indicating a, generally, inferior health status. Further, by using the quasi-random placement of refugees as a natural experiment, we show that characteristics of the local health care sector do not have a significant effect on expenditure levels.


For fusion reactor design study, a maneuverable design tool of superconductor (SC) TF coils, SCONE code, has been developed. The code was originally developed to apply reactor conceptual design where a baseline design of TF coils is required rather than the detailed one. The code consistently solves heat balance, electromagnetic stress and magnetic field at the TF coil system, and eventually provides the maximum field of the coil system and the optimal material composition of the conductor consisting of SC strand, stabilizing copper, support structure, etc. It was confirmed that the calculated result was reasonable in comparison with existing coil design.


A La Tene Weight from Winchester.—Dr. Cyril Fox, F.S.A., sends the following:—The object here figured is a flat cheese-shaped lump of cast bronze found some two years ago in Star Lane, near the High Street, Winchester, when house foundations were being dug out. It measures i'76 in. in greatest diameter, 0*55 in. in thickness, and weighs 202*554 grammes. It is shown in section in figure 1 c. It is preserved in Winchester Museum, and was sent to me for identification and description by the Honorary Curators, Mrs. E. E. Wilde and our Fellow Mr. C. F. Fox. On each of the flattened faces is a scroll-and-cross design; the hollows which define the outline of this design are filled with red enamel, now in places missing. In addition, a series of rings-and-dots is incised on salient points, forming a symmetrical pattern. The ornament is thus built up of three separate elements. The hollows defining the ornament are very irregular. They were clearly part of the casting, and thus must have been present in a positive form in the mould. No attempt seems to have been made to work over the rough casting with the chisel before applying the enamel; thus when in the finishing process the surface was filed down and polished, the ornament was but a blurred image of what the original designer intended. At one point, on one face, is a rough patch, slightly rising above the general level, which may be the remains of the ' j e t ' . Figures 1 a and b show the two faces as they are ; figure 2 attempts by a careful collation of the details of each to present the pure design.


The technology of horizontal drilling was described elsewhere as having become commonplace. However, when it comes time to log, complete, test and workover horizontal wells, industry has found that it has many new problems to solve and traditions to change. This article addresses the new thinking that will be required and points out areas where new development are needed.


Aims: Currently, the blue light of resin curing unit is frequently used in dental treatment. However, the influence of the blue light irradiation on oral tissue is not clear. The aim of this study was to elucidate the effect of dental blue light irradiation on vascular smooth muscle. Methods: Isolated rat descending aorta was suspended in a superfusion chamber and superfused continuously with Krebs-Ringer solution. The changes in isometric force of blue light irradiation were assessed using vessel strips superfused with the Krebs-Ringer solution alone or the Krebs-Ringer solutions containing 10 μM phentolamine, 100 mM dimethyl sulfoxide, 10 unit/mL superoxide dismutase, or 5 mM L-histidine. The reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging activity of antioxidants was examined using the electron spin resonance technique respectively. Results: We first demonstrated that the vasoconstriction was induced by irradiated of blue light using dental resin curing unit. The vasoconstriction was inhibited by including in the Krebs-Ringer solution an α-receptor blocker that inhibits the neurotransmitter. This phenomenon was controlled with the addition of ROS scavengers. Conclusions: Blue light irradiation of multiple times in dental treatment might have the potential to accelerate aging of pulpal blood vessel from ischemia through dental pulp vasoconstriction via ROS generation. In addition, prolonged and/or repeated blue light irradiation could cause ROS-induced oxidative stress such as ischemia-reperfusion injury on pulpal blood vessel. Therefore, preintake of antioxidants is suggested to avoid effects such as aging of dental pulp due to blue light irradiation-induced ROS in dental clinic treatments.


Aims: Extracoporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is indicated for patients with reversible cardiopulmonary failure. Due to the increasing infection rate of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), vancomycin is often empirically used in patients receiving ECMO. Patients on ECMO required priming fluid (centrifugal pump: 850 mL, roller pump: 2000 mL). Studies showed that renal function in patients receiving ECMO altered transiently and vancomycin might be sequestrated by the circuit of ECMO. The objective of this study was to understand the effects of ECMO on pharmacokinetics of vancomycin in adult patients, so as to establish a dosing guildline for patients on ECMO and in ICU and decide the appropriate sampling time for monitoring peak concentration. Methods: This is a control study. Both ECMO and control groups recruited 12 patients. The inclusion criteria for ECMO group were patients greater than or equaled to 18 years-old and received ECMO and vancomycin simultaneously. Those who were on continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) or hemodialysis, or having severe burn (involved 30-40% body surface area) were excluded. The inclusion and exclusion criteria for control group were the same as ECMO group, except that they did not use ECMO. Control group was matched with ECMO group by age, sex and renal function. Vancomycin therapy might be initiated with or without a loading dose (LD) of 15 mg/kg. The maintenance dose was determined by Rodvold method. In patients with a creatinine clearance (CLCr) ≥ 50 mL/min, 500 mg q6h and 1000 mg q12h could be given. Serum vancomycin concentrations were determined after at least the fourth dose. Five to nine samples were taken depending on dosing interval and pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters were determined by fitting the data to non-compartment model. The PK parameters determined by Sawchuk and Zaske's method were compared with those determined by non-compartment model. Through this comparison, the most appropriate sampling time for routine monitor of peak concentration was determined. Results and Discussion: The elimination rate constant (k), half life (t1/2), clearance (CLvancomycin) and volume distribution at steady state (Vss) of ECMO and control group were 0.088 ± 0.055 vs. 0.125 ± 0.096 hr-1, 11.13 ± 9.08 vs. 10.15 ± 9.08 hr, 1.18 ± 0.71 vs. 1.45 ± 0.82 mL/min/kg, 0.84 ± 0.24 vs. 0.83 ± 0.30 L/kg, respectively, and there was no statistically significant difference between the 2 groups. Priming volume of ECMO did not have important influence on Vss of ECMO. Reducing renal perfusion could reduce CLvancomycin and make t1/2 longer. After stratifing ECMO group according to centrifugal and roller pump, there was a significant difference in k (0.110 ± 0.057 vs. 0.049 ± 0.021, p=0.035) and t1/2 (7.99 ± 3.88 vs. 16.62 ± 8.30, p=0.04). Although Vss tended to be greater in patients using roller pump, there were no statistically significant differences between these 2 groups. There were also no statistically differences in PK parameters between the individual groups and their control. CLCr was a good predictor of CLvancomycin. Linear regression using all patient's data showed that CLvancomycin = 0.019*CLCr – 0.18 (r=0.73, R2= 0.53, p <0.001). The linear relationship was more significant in control group (r = 0.78) than in ECMO group (r = 0.61). In National Taiwan University Hospital, Rodvold method was used to calculate empirical vancomycin maintenance dose. Due to the poor predictivity of the method, we recommended that a 15 mg/kg loading dose be given and an empirical maintenance dose determined by equation: maintenance dose (mg/kg/24hr) = 0.5472*CLCr (mL/min/1.73m2) – 5.184 developed according to CLCr and CLvancomycin in all patients in this study. The dosing intervals were determined according to CLCr (mL/min/1.73m2) : 6 hrs for CLCr ≥ 100; 8 hrs for 80 ≤ CLCr ≤ 99; 12 hrs for 40 ≤ CLCr ≤ 79. This equation could only be applied to patients with a CLCr greater than 40 mL/min/1.73m2. From this study, PK parameters might be estimated by CL(mL/min/kg) = 0.019*CLCr(mL/min/1.73m2) – 0.18、k(hr-1) = 0.0017*CLCr(mL/min/1.73m2) – 0.029、Vd(L/kg) = CL*60/(k*1000) and used these PK parameters to determine appropriate dose for individual patients. . After empirical dosing of vancomycin, pharmacokinetic monitoring should be performed after at least four doses, especially for patients receiving ECMO. The most appropriate sampling time for peak concentration was 2 hours after completion of infusion of vancomycin. After obtaining peak and trough concentration, Sawchuk and Zaske's method provides a good estimate of PK parameters for adjusting vancomycin dosage. Key words:vancomycin、pharmacokinetics (PK)、extracoporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO)、critical care、dosage、adult


To study classification of the acaroid mites breeding in grain stocks with fuzzy cluster, 23 species of acaroid mites were isolated from 20 groups of grain stocks with the stratified sampling. Two fuzzy matrixes was obtained for classification, but the matrix with coefficient αiwas better in accord with classification, and there were main species of D.farinae , A.farris and Blomia freemani, Caloglyphus berlesei breeding in some certain grain stocks while some other species of T.pitrescentise,A.acaraus siro L and Glycyphagus domesticus, etc more generally breeding in many grains in stocks.


Being an entrepreneur isn't easy. As practice owners, dentists have everything on their shoulders. For this reason, some younger dentists refuse to take a vacation. They believe they can't afford it, but they couldn't be more wrong.


In this paper, closed-loop control of isolated bidirectional dual-active bridge (DAB) DC-DC converter is proposed for dual-phase-shift (DPS) scheme using fixed frequency pulse-width-modulation (PWM) plus transmitted command power. DPS is a well-known control scheme to reduce backflow power, current stress, and losses, it also provides better power transfer flexibility under high frequency. However, the conventional DPS scheme has limited performance in light load conditions. The discussed control technique overcomes the instant variation of inner phase shift ratio (D1) w.r.t outer phase shift ratio (D2) during light load conditions. The theoretical concepts of the transmitted power in different modes of operation are presented in this paper along with a detailed analysis of MATLAB simulation results in dynamic conditions and both directions of power flow. The implemented control scheme leverages most of the improved features of the DPS scheme to transfer power from one end to another end.


When traditional fragmentation methods don't lead to unambiguous characterization of compounds, how can UVPD help? When using mass spectrometry (MS), and in-particular high-resolution accuratemass (HRAM) MS for structural elucidation of small or large molecules, scientists normally consider the use of well-established fragmentation techniques such as Collision Induced Dissociation (CID), Higher Energy Collisional Dissociation (HCD), or more recently Electron Transfer Dissociation (ETD). Each fragmentation technique is well characterized for largeor small-molecule applications and are supported by existing software for predictive fragmentation routines or reference mass spectral libraries to evaluate experimental data. In addition, each dissociation method can generate slightly different product ions and/or distribution profiles which can provide complementary information.


A sensitive and selective, reasonably fast method for the determination of glucose content has been developed. A glucose oxidase immobilized column was coupled to a small-size anion exchange column/borate buffer chromatograph. The hydrogen peroxide produced in the enzyme reaction was detected directly by an amperometric detector using a platinum working electrode. The detection limit was 0.03 ppm (1.5 x 10(-7) M, 3 pmol/injection). The linear dynamic range was three orders of magnitude at least. The system was stable and reproducible both in short- and long-term operation. The proposed method is suitable for analysis of complicated matrices of biological samples because of its good selectivity and sensitivity.


OBJECTIVE
At present, the efficacy of the clinical treatment of osteosarcoma is limited. We aimed to investigate the role of Tribbles pseudokinase 2 (TRIB2) in the progression of osteosarcoma and the underlying molecular mechanism.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
TRIB2 expression in osteosarcoma tissues and cells was measured via western blot analysis and quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Mouse xenograft tumor model was established to investigate the in vivo effect of Tribbles pseudokinase 2 on the development of osteosarcoma.

RESULTS
We found that TRIB2 expression was increased in osteosarcoma tissues and cell lines compared with that in tumor adjacent normal tissues and normal bone cell line. Suppressing TRIB2 expression inhibited the proliferation, migration, and invasion of osteosarcoma cells. Mechanistically, TRIB2 interacted with AP4, thereby inhibiting p21 expression at transcriptional level. In a mouse xenograft tumor model, TRIB2 overexpression promoted the growth of osteosarcoma by inhibiting p21 expression, which was reversed by AP4 silence.

CONCLUSION
Therefore, targeting TRIB2 may become a potential approach for osteosarcoma treatment.


Air pollution causes millions of premature deaths worldwide every year, as confirmed in each of the recent Global Burden of Disease surveys by the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, the world's most comprehensive epidemiological database. The economic cost, as calculated by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development and in other authoritative studies, runs into trillions of dollars.


Objective To investigate drug resistance status of pathogenic bacteria in oral and maxillofacial space infections. To provide reference for clinical treatment and improve treatment effect. Methods The drug susceptibility was tested by Kirby-Bauer method. The data of drug susceptibility tested was analyzed by WHONET5. 5 software. Results The most common pathogenic bacteria strains were Streptococcus,Staphylococcus,Pseudomonas aeruginosa,Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli among pathogens. The drug resistance of the pathogens to most antibiotics was a increasing trend. It is difficult to cured for part of the patients. Conclusion Oral and maxillofacial space infections are usually mixed infections. Its' very improtant to select antibiotics correctly according to the results of susceptibility test in clinic.


A pair of through holes (30a, 30b) are formed in the internal composition of the fluid pressure cylinder (10) along the longitudinal direction of the cylinder. One end of a pair of through holes (30a, 30b) is (46) a sealing cover one pair of plate-like shape. For example, is formed by pressing a metal plate such as aluminum or the like material, press molding made of a cover (46). An outer edge portion of the cover (46) includes a curved portion (60), the bent portion (60) radially outwardly inclined by a predetermined angle. Further, by making the curved portion (60) embedded in the inner circumferential surface of the through-hole (30a, 30b) is mounted to the cover (46).


In order to ensure the reliability of the permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM), it is necessary to monitor the permanent magnet (PM) flux linkage and temperature rise in stator winding online. The stator currents, permanent magnet flux and stator resistance are selected as state variables to construct an Extended Kalman filter (EKF1) to estimate the PM flux linkage and the stator resistance, and the temperature rise of the stator is indirectly estimated. In addition, another Extended Kalman filter (EKF2) is constructed for estimation of inductances to reduce the identification error dramatically with the operating condition variation. Simulation results show the effectiveness of the estimation method.


With IC process scaling, the leakage consumption has been an important factor in the power consumption of IC chips, which limits the scaling of SRAM. The FinFET device has the advantage in lower leakage current and higher on-state current than the CMOS devices. In this paper, a FinFET SRAM is verified by using adiabatic computing. All the circuits of the SRAM except for the storage array are realized by PAL-2N (pass-transistor adiabatic logic with NMOS pull-down configuration) circuits. The storage uses 8T cell that can improve the read margin and keep the write current against the synchronous read/write disturb. All circuits are simulated with HSPICE at a PTM (Predictive Technology Model) 32nm FinFET technology. The results indicated that the energy consumption of the adiabatic FinFET SRAM decreased 49% compared with the SRAM based on CMOS devices.


A new efficient certificateless parallel multi-signature scheme was proposed based on the advantages of certificateless public key cryptosystem and the demands of digital multi-signature.The efficiency of the proposed scheme relied on that the pairing computation was not related to the number of signature users.The scheme decreased the pairing's number and was more efficient than known multi-signature schemes based on bilinear pairing technology.Furthermore,under the random oracle model,relying on the hardness of the Computational Diffie-Hellman(CDH) problem,the new scheme was proved to be secure against two attackers of certificateless parallel multi-signature.


The present invention relates to a method for cleaning out blue algae in a water area, particularly to a method for cleaning out the blue algae in a natural lake and an urban landscape water area. The present invention needs to solve the technical problem that the present invention provides a scheme that the blue algae in the water area not only is cleaned out, but also is recycled. More specifically, nitrogen and phosphorus in the water body can be transferred by the blue algae, and moreover, the mass propagation of the blue algae can be controlled. Furthermore, the method has the advantages of high efficiency, low cost and easy blue algae treating implementation. The present invention has that technical scheme that a purifying agent is sprayed in the process of the stirrer running operation in the blue algae water area. The spraying operation is characterized in that the purifying agent is formed by compounding three kinds of flocculating agents of bentonite, polyaluminium chloride and cationic polyacrylamide; the mixed solution are sprayed after the bentonite and the polyaluminium chloride are dissolved and mixed, and subsequently, the polyacrylamide is sprayed; floating flocculate substances are taken out by a net, and then, filtered water flows back to the water area by the mechanical dewatering operation; zymocyte is added in the dewatered algal residue to be fermented into organic fertilizer. The present invention is suitable for treating the blue algae in the water area.


Explains the processes involved in collating the business information that the world's leading companies rely on to make their crucial business decisions. Demonstrates how a company such as Euromonitor adds value to the raw statistical and other data available to it, including ensuring that all data is comparable across countries, researching the macroeconomic environment in which companies operate to provide consumer data and combining datasets to provide further useful data. Also describes how its analysts add in areas such as forecasting. Highlights difficulties that users of aggregated market research face compared with `power users' of the data, including slower speed and shorter shelf life for aggregated reports and lack of access to the full suite of information and statistical data that a market research company can command.


Taking the connector of the college building group in Zhengzhou University new school district as research object,according to the analysis on the space form effect of the group,the author reflects the existing problems of its design methods,and concludes it,provides suggestions on how to establish better group space form design aspect,so as to accumulate experiences for design of the college group connector.