Case: 72-yr-old manChief complaint: Breathing difficulty with wheezingwhen cutting Falcata.Personal medical history: Eczema since infancy.Tubercular pleurisy at the age of 28.Family medical history: Nothing of special note.Occupational history: Worker in wood furnitureproduction. Had been working with wood sincegraduation from junior high school.Working inpresent position since the age of 18.Smoking status: Nonsmoker, both present and past.Alcohol consumption: One bottle of beer and twoglasses of brandy every day.Pets: None.History of present illness: The patient had bronchialasthma at the age of 17. The main symptom was coughingwith slight breathing difficulty. At 30 yr of age, he wasstruck by a severe asthma attack, and was unconsciousovernight. From that time, his asthma attacks appearedonly at the turn of the season. Control by drug therapywas excellent for about ten years from when he was 60yr old, and there were no asthma attacks. The patientbecame conscious of breathing difficulty with wheezingafter entering the factory at the age of 70 yr. He began toregularly visit a local doctor's office once a week. Hedid not have the complaint of itchy eyes. Theophyllinetablets were prescribed three times a day after each meal.Becromesazon inhalation medicine and Predonizorontablets were prescribed for use during an attack. Recently,he noticed that the symptoms appeared when cuttingFalcata with a circular saw. He could not enter the factorywhen Falcata was being cut. His symptoms appearedeven if he entered the factory without knowing thatFalcata had been cut. The severity of his symptomsgradually decreased when he left the factory and did notappear with wood other than Falcata. His symptomsdisappeared after the processing of Falcata wasdiscontinued.Two other employees also complained of sneezing,runny nose and voice change after cutting Falcata.However, they did not suffer from breathing difficultywith wheezing. Employees at other factories have alsocomplained of sneezing and runny nose after handlingFalcata.To confirm the diagnosis of occupational asthma (OA)induced by Falcata, the patient was hospitalized at theOsaka Prefectural Medical Center for Respiratory andAllergic Diseases on September 12, 2005. Signedinformed consent was obtained from the patient for thisstudy and the bronchial provocation test. This study andthe bronchial provocation test were approved by theHospital Ethics Committee. Findings on admission: Height 160.8 cm, weight 60Kg, temperature 36.5 °C, pulse 76 beats per minute, bloodpressure 140/75 mmHg, SpO


Rabies is an infectious disease of the central nervous system (CNS) that kills over 50,000 people each year. The prevalence rate is between 15-20% in Nigeria, however, because of the problem with reporting, the true picture is difficult to obtain. Most of the cases are from the rural areas and are not reported to the relevant authorities. Recent survey of dog brain from dog market across three states showed an increase in the prevalence of rabies up to 54% from Kaduna State, 50 from Abuja while Plateau State had 58% prevalence. In addition, the emergence of asymptomatic rabies which after several mouse inoculations will kill the mice without showing clinical signs of rabies is case of concern. This paper demonstrates the public health significance of the observed high rabies prevalence and the dangers of having asymptomatic rabid dog in the society.


Abstract We study the effect of absorption on the transmission of light in a system of randomly distributed dielectric layers having identical optical length. In such systems, resonant transmission peaks have been obtained at wavelengths corresponding to multiples of the optical length. The absorption is found to leave the width of these peaks almost unaffected, while it substantially reduces the intensity of the transmitted light. Thus the high resolution is not destroyed by absorption, so this device remains a good potential candidate for use in light filtering compared to existing filters.


Contrary to the popular belief, I argue that a more inclusive polity does not necessarily conflict with the goal of improving the epistemic capacities of deliberation. My argument examines one property of democracy that is usually thought of in non-epistemic terms, inclusion. Inclusion is not only valuable for moral reasons, but it also has epistemic virtues. I consider two epistemic benefits of inclusive deliberation: (a) inclusive deliberation helps to create a more complete picture of the world that everyone dwells together; and (b) inclusive deliberation can be helpful in reducing biases and errors endemic to a society. Having advanced two epistemic arguments for inclusive deliberation, I argue that the Deweyan model best captures the knowledge-pooling function of deliberation.


Variations in allophone, pitch and intonation are regarded as sound variations. Sound variations mainly result from such main factors as variables of social class, sex and ethnic group. Language has its true value only when it is under the process of varying in accordance with social variation. As an important language variation construct, sound variation finds its social value in actual interaction between people.


Although i t i s now one hundred and f i f t y years s ince Jeremy Bentham died, no t much o f ' t h e grea t subversive' has per ished. Teams o f scholars are s t i l l a t work on h i s manuscripts; h i s s p i r i t marches on i n u t i l i t a r i a n moral phi losophy and i n cos t -bene f i t analys is ; even h i s body has n o t mouldered i n the grave. Indeed, on h i s i n s t r u c t i o n s , i t was d issec ted and reassembled as an 'AutoIcon ' , which s t i l l peers ghou l i sh l y f rom a g lass case i n U n i v e r s i t y College, London.


Recently, several authors have discussed the value of self-help groups for women with anorexia nervosa and bulimia. It has been suggested that such groups can provide support, reducefeelings of isolation and uniqueness, create hope, and, in general, serve as a tool in the recovery process. With this in mind, a weekly self-help group for anorexics and bulimics was started and evaluated 6 months later. Based on their self-reports, the self-help group was found to benefit most of its members. Findings are discussed in relation to the "curative factors" of such groups and suggestions are offered for professionals interested in establishing self-help groups of this nature.


These two edited collections explore the intersections between whiteness and the postcolonial world in ways that foreground the social relationships of (the British) empire and expand the dominant focus of interrogation of whiteness beyond the United States, providing welcome contributions to a small but significant literature. Both are highly recommended for those who wish to interrogate this particular set of intersections, indispensable in a rigorous understanding of whiteness in postcolonial time. Postcolonial Whiteness scrutinizes whiteness' subtle and diverse normativity drawing on South Africa, Eastern Europe, the UK and the US as social contexts. It addresses two central questions: what happens to whiteness after empire and the loss of colonial privilege? And to what extent do white cultural norms and imperatives remain embedded in the postcolonial world. These are important questions and their answers sketch the racial grammar of our (postcolonial) time. The future of postcolonial subjectivity, as the editor, Alfred Lopez suggests, lies precisely in this kind of 'facing-down of colonial ghosts' (p. 5). The collection should be judged on the quality of its treatment of these crucial questions. Diane Roberts, John Hawley, Aniko Imre and Gerry Turcotte deal imaginatively with idealizations of whiteness in what Lopez calls the 'postcolonial moment'(p.21): exploring (respectively) the legacy of Princess Dianna as a diminished symbol of English colonial power, Latino drag queens relationship to glamorous whiteness, the position of the Romani in the calculation of Eastern European whiteness and the Gothic imagining of Australia. Melissa Steyn explores the subtle qualities of postcolonial diasporic whiteness in South Africa around the reconstitution of privilege. Cheryl Temple Herr usefully reworks the classics on the impact of colonization on the minds of colonial subjects in 'The Color of Schizophrenia'; and Alfred Lopez usefully excavates postcolonial psychoanalysis (although without acknowledging the efforts of transcultural practice). Francis Singh's reappraisal of Harlequin in Conrad's Heart of Darkness challenges classic deployment of Conrad's novel in crude analyses of white racialness in the context of colonial projects. As in other chapters this challenge opens and de-essentializes whiteness: the result is a more subtle analysis that admits the possibility of social change.'[N]arrative's power lies in its independence from its creator's mind, its ability to throw up ideas for new stories.' There were and there are alternative stories in which postcolonial whiteness can operate in less oppressive, more equal, terms, and further reflection on this would have made a useful conclusion to the book. Most of the essays move back and forth between white subjectivities and the bigger social formations in which they are articulated. Ryan Trim's analysis of Caryl Phillip's novel Cambridge and Christopher Kelen's 'Hymns For and From White Australia' shows how white privilege operates at the level of nations as well as individuals as in the building of a Ethnic and Racial Studies Vol. 29 No. 5 September 2006 pp. 1004 1018


Boxplots The boxplot is a simple graphical tool for summarising the distribution of univariate data. It is particularly useful for comparing distributions. The starting point is a fivepoint summary of the data: minimum, lower quartile, median, upper quartile, maximum. These are obtained by ordering the observations by size and taking the smallest, the ones 25%, 50% and 75% of the way along the list, and the largest. These five values form the data for the boxplot. Figure 1 shows two boxplots, produced by the Matlab Statistics Toolbox, for the percentage fat in biscuit doughs in a calibration set of 40 samples and a validation set of 32 samples. In each case the five horizontal lines are the five order statistics described above. Working out from the middle, the red line is the median, the box contains 50% of the data, and the lines outside the box (the whiskers) show the full range of the data. In fact this last statement is not quite true, because these boxplots have been drawn with the fairly standard convention that the whiskers only extend to the most extreme data point that is not more than 1.5 times the interquartile range (the length of the box) from the end of the box. For the left-hand plot, the result is that one observation is plotted separately as a red cross, flagging this as a possible outlier. In fact this is an outlier because I deliberately altered its value for demonstration purposes. What one sees from the plot, apart from noting the outlier, is that the two distributions are very similar, and that both are fairly symmetric about their medians. This is not surprising as the data come from a designed experiment.


Laminated glass has been wildly employed in automobile windshields, modern buildings, etc. thanks to its security and durability performance. A novel 3D adaptive combined DE/FE algorithm is proposed to research its impact fracture mechanical properties if the fracture region is small relative to a specimen while the cracks are propagating at a random position. The proposed method can automatically convert the distorted finite elements into the spherical discrete elements during simulating the impact fracture of laminated glass. In this method a system is completely discretized into the finite elements at the initial moment without any discrete element existing until part of the finite elements becoming severely deformed. Subsequently each finite element, whose maximum tensile stress exceeds a user-specified conversion criterion, is converted into eight spherical discrete elements. At the same time the system is fragmented into two subdomains, the finite element (FE) and the discrete element (DE) subdomains. An extrinsic cohesive fracture model is adaptively adopted only in the DE subregion to capture the crack propagation when the normal stress between the DEs equals or exceeds the cohesive strength. The impact fracture of a glass beam is simulated by the adaptive algorithm and the discrete element method, respectively. Beside of the micro-cracks and cohesive zone, almost the same crack patterns are captured by both the numerical methods. Fortunately, the efficiency of the proposed method is much higher (10 times in this case) than that of the pure DEM. A satisfactory agreement of the simulation results certified the feasibility and effectiveness of such an adaptive algorithm. Finally, the impact fracture simulation is performed by the adaptive algorithm on a laminated glass beam which has the same size as the experimental specimens. Besides of the differences on the cracks occurrence and propagation angle, a similar agreement of the fracture patterns is observed as the experimental results. The common conclusions on the role of PVB interlayer can be obviously obtained by analyzing the simulation results, the same by analyzing the experimental ones. The proposed method is hopeful to be employed to analyze the impact fracture of an automobile windshield subjects to the head impact for the protection of pedestrians safety, the traffic accident reconstruction and the structural optimization of windshield.


Historical research on the oralist era in North American deaf education has typically been undertaken through a national lens. This study asserts that a more localized and regional view of the communication methods practiced at deaf schools will aid in the creation of a more complex picture of how oralism spread in Canadian and North American deaf schools. Based on an analysis of the papers of the Manitoba Ministry of Public Works; the archives of Silent Echo , the Manitoba School's newspaper; and published works by the school's principals, this paper contends that strict oralism faced fierce resistance in Manitoba from both Deaf citizens and teachers, as well as the school's hearing principal, before 1920. Principal Duncan McDermid and deaf teacher J.R. Cook published and republished arguments in the Echo against oralism and in favour of moderation in the sign debate. In consideration of all three characteristics of strictly oralist schools in the early twentieth century – a ban on sign language, separation of deaf students from Deaf communities, and the expulsion of deaf teaching staff – the Manitoba School for the Deaf emerges as an exception to the trend of encroaching oralism in Canadian deaf schools during the early twentieth-century.


accelerating the compute-intensive application of multiple audio decoding. It discusses the implementation of four Ogg Vorbis decoders on the SCPA. Vorbis is an open-source, royalty-free audio codec and the Ogg is a free container format for holding the encoded data. The SCPA is a processor array system, built by interconnecting the software configurable processors (SCP) of Stretch Inc. The unique feature of the SCP is that the compute intensive part of the application code can be run on the on-chip hardware known as ISEF (Instruction Set Extension Fabric). The computational cost analysis of the Ogg Vorbis decoder identified the inverse modified discrete cosine transform (IMDCT) as the most computationally expensive part. We implemented the IMDCT on the ISEF, thereby speeding up the decoding process. The SCPA run time environment is utilized to simultaneously decode four encoded bit streams on the four processors. The PCIe interface on the SCPA is used to connect to a host personal computer (PC) for the transfer of encoded and decoded audio data.


AIM: To explore the effects of hyperoxic liquid on the antioxidant level in experimental silicosis rabbits. METHODS: The silicosis rabbit model was prepared by non exposure bronchus injection and rabbits were divided randomly into three groups : control group, silica group and hyperoxic liquid + silica group. After 12 weeks, the activity of SOD and GSH PX of silicosis rabbits and the concentrations of MDA in lungs and ACP, and LDH in BALF were determined. RESULTS: The activities of SOD and GSH PX significantly decreased in silica group, but the contents of ADP, LDH and MDA were significantly higher than those in the control group( P 0.05). Compared with those in silica group, the SOD and GSH PX activities of hyperoxic liquid + silica group were significantly higher, while the ADP, LDH and MDA contents of hyperoxic liquid + silica group were significantly lower, with significantly statistical difference ( P 0.05). CONCLUSION: Hyperoxic liquid can enhance the antioxidant level in silicosis rabbits and partly restrain the development of silicosis.


Based on years' research experience in practice teaching of the Irrigation and Drainage Engineering Profession of Sichuan Agricultural University,the learning psychology,social needs and problems in professional education of undergraduates were studied,advantageous projects of professional education were analyzed and preliminary investigation on the construction model of the practice teaching system of the Irrigation and Drainage Engineering Profession in our county,in new century and new situation was performed.


We have carried out the molecular dynamics (MD) simulation to study the structural properties and to estimate the diffusivity of molecular nitrogen (N2) gas (solute) in extended simple point charge model (SPC/E) water (solvent) with N2 mole fraction of 0.018 at different temperatures. For the structural properties of the system, we have determined radial distribution function (RDF). The solute–solute, solute–solvent and solvent–solvent RDF have been evaluated. Self-diffusion coefficient of N2 was estimated by evaluating mean-squared displacement (MSD) and velocity autocorrelation function (VACF) separately. The diffusion coefficients obtained from the two methods agree within 3%. The results are in agreement with the experimentally determined values within 10%. The self-diffusion coefficient of water (H2O) was also estimated by evaluating MSD. Mutual diffusion coefficient of the system have also been estimated invoking Darken's relation. The temperature dependance of the diffusion coefficients were found to follow Arrhenius relation.


As Kraus, Tan, and Tannenbaum compellingly argued in their thoughtful target article, there is little doubt that social class has a pervasive influence on human cognition. Here, we build on their article by examining how and why wealth and signals of wealth influence rank dynamics. In our view, a comprehensive account of the impact of social class on psychological functioning must address not only the direct intrapsychic effects of possessing or lacking wealth but also the ways in which wealth and signals of wealth qualitatively alter rank-based social relationships between the haves and have-nots. In other words, how does wealth affect the distribution of social rank and the nature of rank-based social relationships? Within the social sciences, several theoretical models of rank attainment currently prevail, though some have received greater empirical support than others (see Cheng, Tracy, Foulsham, Kingstone, & Henrich, 2013, for a review). In prior work, we have found considerable empirical support for the Dominance-Prestige Account (J. Henrich & Gil-White, 2001), a framework that takes an explicitly evolutionary approach to human social rank dynamics. In our view, this account offers the greatest explanatory power and the most complete integration of the extant empirical knowledge. The major novel contribution of this model is its distinction between freely conferred rank based on respect for a leader's skills and knowledge (i.e., prestige) and coercively forced rank based on a leader's ability to invoke fear and intimidate followers (i.e., dominance). Social class inequalities can give rise to differences in both of these two forms of rank, because symbols of class and wealth signal success and skill (and, by implication, promote prestige), yet also result in an ability to wield power and control resources, which can elicit fear and feelings of powerlessness among subordinates (and, by implication, promote dominance). By conceptualizing wealth as a signal and an individual-difference variable that can produce both prestigeand dominance-based hierarchical relationships, we acquire a more nuanced and theoretically rich understanding of the effects of social class on interpersonal relationships and social psychology. Next we discuss this account in detail, first by presenting a brief overview of the Dominance-Prestige Account of rank attainment, then by examining how wealth signals prestige, and finally by examining the ways in which wealth also influences dominance. Throughout this discussion, we focus on wealth, rather than social class more broadly, because we view wealth and resource control as one of the critical conceptual components of class that gives rise to class differences. Although class can also be based on other inequalities, such as educational status and hereditary birthright, these demographics and their associated symbols (e.g., diploma, family name) tend to be less widely advertised, visually salient, or reliably signaled in social interactions, compared with cues of wealth (e.g., jewelry, flashy clothing). For this reason, wealth and cues of wealth provide a better point of entry for examining the effects of class on social interactions, but we hope that in future work the approach delineated below can be fruitfully applied to other aspects of social class.


In the recent decades, there was reported, with an increasing frequency, the presence of more and more alien plant species in Romania. These newly arrived species are added to the inventory of wild, spontaneous/subspontaneous species of Romania. In this regard, the authors signaled out the presence of a new alien plant species of genus Verbesina in Romania, namely Verbesina alternifolia, identified during the year of 2016, along the Mureş river floodplain, in Simeria town (Hunedoara County).


Herpes zoster (HZ) in children is very rare. We report a case of HZ in an infant which responded well to the treatment. HZ should also be considered in an infant with vesiculo-bullous lesion in a dermatomal distribution.


Different from construction of new building, building relocation project utilizes many specific techniques in the phase of underpinning, separating, moving and arrival connecting, which, to a great extent, determine the cost, period and quality of construction management. Since every building shift project is unique and unrepeatable, a performance-based design method is proposed for planning the key techniques properly. In this method, the requirement of project and the characteristics of techniques are comprehensively considered first with the index of cost, time, influence to upper structure, controllability and scope, based on which the original plans are made. Then the feasibility analysis, utilizing the finite element model, is performed, which is based on the specific on-site performance of upper structure, together with the consideration of project requirements, to achieve the final optimized plan, which services for the completion of project management goal. 


Daily construction work reports is an important mean to collect productivity information involved in enacting and/or revising Construction Standard Production Unit System (CSPU), which has been used as an estimation manual for calculating the prices of public construction in Korea. However, the daily reports used by specialty contractors that perform the actual work at construction sites have different formats depending on subcontractors. Because the degree of understanding and utilization of the daily work reports formulated by specialty contractors are different, it decreases the reliability and accuracy when it is used as a source for enacting and/or revising CSPU. Succinctly, it cannot be used for collecting important work productivity data. This study develops and provides a standard data attributes and data structure for the daily work reports for specialty contractors. It examines the current state of the daily work reports used by them, identifies issues involved in using the daily work reports, and proposes a specific solution for these issues so that the daily work reports can be effectively formulated depending on the construction type in which the specialty contractors are involved and can be used as a valuable information source for enacting and/or revising CSPU.


The aim of this study is to identify the extent to which the GCC countries can adopt similar economic policies by the time of the formation of the GCC unified currency in 2010. Among many other convergence standards, the study suggests to examine the economic structure of the GCC countries to identify similarities. Estimating the model using SUR technique, the study finds significant differences between GCC countries economic policies. The results suggest that GCC countries need to grant more policy coordination to lessen the differences in order to facilitate better design of unified economic policies that are conducive to the establishment of a monetary union.


"When Will We Have a Vaccine?" People inquiring about Covid-19 vaccines often want to know when the public can be confident that available vaccines are safe and effective, when a vaccine will be av...


On the basis of thermodynamic calculations,Mg-treatment experiments were carried out in 120 t ladle.The results showed that the slow-release cored wires containing magnesium can be injected smoothly into molten steel.Total magnesium mass fraction in molten steel was measured in the range of 0.001 0%-0.001 6%.During the process,nitrogen pick-up was not found.However total oxygen mass fraction was decreased 50 %,also cleanliness of steel was improved.After Mgtreatment,inclusions in SPHC steel changed from Al2O3 to spinel or pure MgO,and the size decreased from3-5μm to 1-2μm.The magnesium mass fraction in inclusions presented a good correspondence with addition of magnesium alloy.


The objective ofthis paper is to outline the major mechanical altematives to electrical hybrid systems along with their advantages and disadvantages,


The reviewer knew Clement Wood as a precocious little boy in his f.ather's home in Montgomery, Ala. He has fulfilled in no small degree the promise of his youth. It is remarkable that a born Southerner and poet should select" Nigger" as the subject of a novel. But so it is, and we trust the sequel will justify the choice of subject and the treatment of it in this remarkable volume. There may be many in the South who will demur to both title and treatment, but one thing is sure, they can neither laugh it out of court or kick it out of study or parlor. It will compel if it cannot win a reading or hearing. One fair-minded, but sensitive Southern women who still loves the old South said to me: "Well, I've read your book "Nigger" half way through, that's as much as I can stand!" I ventured to say in defense of the brave and independent author, "Why he isn't writing this novel to entertain people; he is inspired by a far more serious purpose." But she was done with it, and she doubtless represents a class of Southern readers, men and women. But the book will have readers on both sides of Mason and Dixon's line, and will do good, if for nothing else because it will provoke discussion, compel with some a revision of traditional opinions, and, it is to be hoped, bring about, or help to bring about some much needed reforms. GEO. B. EAGER.


The author carried on this experiment using the shed of drought-resistance and studied the drought-resistance of six different common maize lines.The results showed that the drought resistances had much difference among different maize lines.The relative water contents,MDA contents,conductivity and drought resisting index of maize leaf could be the appraisal index of maize drought resistance.


The technology of microencapsutation is a new-style technique.It is being used step by step in many fields.The spray drying technology parameters and the factors affect in the preparation of emulsion were introduad.


OBJECTIVE
To create a model for determining the optimum level of outpatient medical care and to determine this level.

DESIGN
Expert committees were established comprising one or two hospital physicians and two general practitioners who checked medical records for all outpatient visits to doctors made by a defined population during a defined period of time. The determination of optimum level was made blindly by each member of the expert committee.

SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS
The study comprised all visits to physicians during 10 weeks, in total more than 4,000, made by the people in a Swedish community, of which 2,084 were randomized.

RESULTS
Total agreement between the members of the committee was initially reached for 84% of the visits and, after a common discussion between the committee members, for 99%. A general practitioner was considered to be the optimum level of care for 76% of the patients in the total series, in the upper ages (above 80) for about 85%.

CONCLUSION
This method seemed suitable for determining the optimum level of care in a population and may be of value when planning for an optimum health care service. Based on the results from our study it seems reasonable to assume that general practitioners whose training corresponds to that of Swedish ones are competent to treat about 75% of all consultations.


This article introduces the five papers presented in this special issue of the International Journal of Research in Marketing that focuses on consumer behavior and the environment. A model of the interaction between consumer cognition, behavior and the physical-tangible environment is developed, and the location of each of the papers in the model is indicated. The model combines a classification of the environment with insights in the interactions between consumers and the environment. Scales of the environment, micro, meso and macro, and aspects of the environment, tangible and intangible, are distinguished. Eight types of interactions between cognition, behavior and the environment are specified on the basis of reciprocal determinism theory and notions from environmental psychology. Based on the model, directions for future research in marketing on the interactions between consumers and the physical-tangible environment are formulated at the conclusion.


VIGNOLI, V. & PRENDINI, L. 2008. A new species of Akentrobuthus Lamoral, 1976 (Scorpiones: Buthidae) from the Republic of Benin (Western Africa). J. Afrotrop. Zool. 4: 61-70. More than three decades after the type and only known species of Akentrobuthus Lamoral, 1976, was described, a second species of the genus was discovered in a riparian forest in the Republic of Benin, 2600 km from the type locality, in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC, former Zaïre). In the present contribution, the new species, Akentrobuthus atakora sp. nov., is described, illustrated and compared with the type species, Akentrobuthus leleupi Lamoral, 1976, and the distribution and ecology of both species is discussed. V. VIGNOLI, Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West at 79th Street, New York, NY 10024, USA (email@example.com)


In obstinate attention, CFD codes got established and executed with water based ZnO, AlN and Al2O3 nanofluids to envision the thermal alarms of ICs. The convective governing equalities of mass, force and drive are computed for envisaging the thermal issues of ICs. The time pace selected throughout the intact computation is 0.0001 s. The soundings affect CFD forecasts of temperature curve, temperature arena plus fluid-solid boundary temperature of IC. Corresponding fluid-solid boundaries temperatures of IC are viewed as 348, 312 and 329 K for water based ZnO, AlN and Al2O3 nanofluids, respectively. The temperature of water-AlN nanofluid stands peak contiguous to the IC locality as it stands far less than the chancy temperature limit of 356 K. Further, the temperature of water-AlN nanofluid gently drops with improvement in aloofness from IC. Afterwards, this becomes surrounding temperature in the distant arena precinct. The analogous tinted temperature curve stands accessible. Besides, the harmonizing graph of temperature against distance from IC stands revealed. The fruition of CFD understanding remain near the skills of postures


Brain tumors result in a mortality rate > 60% within 5 years of diagnosis. Mutations in cytosolic isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) drive over 70% of low grade gliomas and secondary glioblastomas. IDH1 catalyzes the NADP+‐dependent formation of α‐ketoglutarate (α‐KG) from isocitrate via oxidative decarboxylation. Mutation of IDH1 results in a neomorphic activity, the formation of the oncometabolite, D‐2‐hydroxyglutarate (D2HG) from α‐KG in the presence of NADPH, via reduction. The most common mutations occur at residue 132, where arginine (R132) is typically replaced by histidine (R132H). We have shown previously that replacing arginine with other amino acids resulted in a trend in catalytic efficiency, with larger, more polar residues at the 132‐position promoting the normal reaction, and smaller, more hydrophobic residues driving the neomorphic reaction. Based on previous data with R132H and R132L, we hypothesize that R132Y and R132I, having similar structures respectively, will promote similar rates of catalytic efficiency in the neomorphic reaction, and R132P will have little to no catalytic activity due to likely disruption of local secondary structure. To test this hypothesis, we generated cDNA constructs and heterologously expressed and purified R132I, R132P, and R132Y‐IDH1 from E. coli to determine how these residues affect to the normal or neomorphic reaction. Kinetic assays were performed to determine the rates of the neomorphic reaction of the IDH1 mutant in the presence of NADPH and αKG. We found that R132Y‐IDH1 was the most efficient in catalyzing the neomorphic reaction followed by R132I, and R132P‐IDH1, having the lowest catalytic activity for the neomorphic reaction. By replacing the R132 residue with a wide range of amino acids, and studying catalytic efficiency of each mutation, we will be able to discover the molecular mechanisms that facilitate this neomorphic activity and help inform drug design for selective mutant IDH1 inhibitors that are effective against a wide range of tumor‐relevant mutants.


EXTENDED ABSTRACT In the last few years scholars have shown tremendous interest in researching brand communities (Algesheimer, Dholakia and Herrmann, 2005; McAlexander, Schouten and Koenig, 2002; Muniz and O'Guinn 2001). The three characteristics of brand communities that were identified by several scholars are consciousness of kind, moral responsibility, and shared rituals and traditions (McAlexander et al. 2002; Muniz and O'Guinn 2001; Schau and Muniz 2002). However, there are no existing scales to measure these characteristics. The lack of scales for measuring these three defining characteristics complicates the efforts of researchers to understand brand communities better. Likewise, over the past few years, rapid advancements in the field of Information Technology, especially the Internet, have facilitated the formation of numerous online/virtual brand communities. For example, we found nearly 2000 Yahoo groups dedicated to different brands of motorcycles; nearly 500 Yahoo groups devoted to Harley-Davidson motorcycles alone. Though members' participation is considered the core of a community's existence and a key indicator of the performance of online communities (Bagozzi and Dholakia 2002), there is no scale to measure the extent of members' participation in online brand communities. Hence one of the goals of this paper was to develop scales for these four constructs. The other goal of this paper was to investigate the relationship between members' participation and their consciousness of kind, moral responsibility, and shared rituals and traditions. While current literature clearly identified that consciousness of kind, moral responsibility, and shared rituals and traditions are present in members of brand communities, what is not clear is when these three characteristics are developed. McAlexander et al. (2002) ethnographic study of brandfests suggests that these characteristics are developed in members after participating in brandfests. They report that, "...these characteristics of brand community did not all and equally exist before the brandfest events (p.42)." In line with McAlexander et al. (2002), in this paper we argue and provide empirical support for the positive relationship between online brand community participation and the three brand community characteristics. In order to develop new scales, an initial list of items was generated based on the review of relevant literature on brand communities and virtual communities. These items were examined by a pool of experts and four members of different online brand communities for ambiguity, clarity, and relevance to the domains of the constructs. In the first study, data were colleted from a convenience sample of 328 students. A number of internal consistency and item-based statistics were examined for item retention. The goal of this study was to refine the initial list of items that was generated. In the second study, data were collected from members belonging to six Yahoo groups formed around different motorcycle, car and camera brands. Yahoo! Groups were chosen for the following reasons: Yahoo! Groups is the most popular and well-known provider of electronic mailing list facilities compared to Google groups, or MSN groups. Also, for any group formed around a particular brand, it was found that Yahoo! Groups had the largest membership compared to Google or MSN. Additionally, similar to McKenna and Bargh (1998), only those groups with at least 400 posts/month for the last six months were included in the survey. A web based survey hosted by surveymonkey.com was utilized for data collection. After discarding incomplete responses, there were 470 usable responses. The majority of the respondents were from the USA. Ninety-two percent of respondents were male. Data were analyzed using SPSS and LISREL 8.51. All of the four scales exhibited acceptable level of reliabilities of alpha ≥ 0.70. Convergent and discriminant validity of the constructs was assessed as suggested by Fornel and Larker (1981). All the three hypotheses were supported. Online brand community participation is positively related to members' consciousness of kind (α=0.67, t=13.10), shared rituals and traditions (α=0.53, t=9.58) and moral responsibility (α=0.72, t=11.69).


A study was conducted to evaluate the acidification of soils and abundance of phosphorus , potassium and magnesium in 50 selected farms located in two different regions in Poland. It has been found that in many cases, soils were characterized by improper - in the aspect of formation of a sustainable crop production- reaction and the content of P, K and Mg. Based on the results, recommendations were formulated to improve the current situation.


Traumatic cervical spine injuries have traditionally been managed with spinal realignment and immobilization. Halo vest immobilization is the standard nonoperative means of maintaining spinal alignment, however it carries with it significant comorbidity. Cumbersome external orthoses (for either nonoperativeor postoperative stabilization) are associated with delayed mobilization, difficulties in patient transfer, and impairment with active participation in early rehabilitation, which prolongs patient recovery. Advances in surgical strategies, namely the evolution of rigid segmental internal fixation systems, allow for early surgical stabilization of traumatic cervical spine injuries with less reliance on extended halo vest wear, which shortens immobilization times and facilitates early rehabilitation.


This study was carried out for the winter season of 2015-2016. In this study, it is aimed to determine suitable high yield red lentil genotypes in Mardin conditions. 20 winter genotypes and five control lentil varieties (Altıntoprak, Çağıl, Fırat-87, Seyrani-96 and Yerli Red) originating from ICARDA and in the Southeastern Anatolia region were used. Trial randomised block design were set up in 3 repetitions according to the trial pattern. All the features examined in the research were statistically significant. According to the results obtained; number of days of flowering 143.7-158.8 days, number of days of ripening 187.5-198.9 days, plant height 26.7-49.6 cm, height of first pod 13.4-34.1 cm, branch in plant 1.96-3.33 pieces / plant, number of pods in plant 14.7-29.0 count / pods, The number of grains in the plant varies between 16.9-33.5 / plant, plant grain yield between 0.29-0.75 g, 100 grain weight between 31.8-37.7 g and 1445-2164 kg / ha in terms of grain yield. In the study, the highest grain yield was obtained from G2 (2111 kg /ha) and G5 (2070 kg /ha), while it was 2164 kg /ha in Fırat-89 variety. In terms of grain yield, two genotypes (G2 and G5) were transferred to an advanced generation in our region.


Phaeosphaeria leaf spot (PLS) has caused an expressive reduction in the corn grain yield in Brazil. The increment in sowing date amplitude, conjugated with the use of irrigated areas and zero tillage, had major contribution in the increase of phaeosphaeria leaf spot (PLS) incidence and severity. For this reason, it is important to develop resistant genotypes to this disease; however, an efficient selection depends upon the understanding of the genetic variability and inheritance of the resistance. Aiming to determine combining ability and the mode of inheritance for PLS, seven corn inbreds were crossed for diallel and generation mean analysis. The experiments were conducted in Xanxere, SC. Percentage of foliar area affected by the disease was evaluated 30 days after flowering. The genotypes presented amplitude of 4.3% to 67.0% of foliar area affected by PLS. The LA06 and its hybrids showed high level of resistance. Results indicated that selection for PLS resistant genotypes could be success- fully accomplished in corn breeding programs. At least two major independent genes were identified with a preponderant participation of addictive effects in the inheritance of the trait.


The invention provides a high-temperature and high-pressure pipe guide device for a heat recovery boiler. The high-temperature and high-pressure pipe guide device can guarantee that pipes can be smoothly connected with pipe supports, and whole heat processing and water pressure and nondestructive inspection are not needed to be carried out on the pipes; meanwhile, the quality of the pipes is guaranteed, and the pipe detecting cost of enterprises is reduced. The high-temperature and high-pressure pipe guide device comprises a beam structure, a guide frame is arranged on the lateral portion of the beam structure, an inner cavity of the guide frame is provided with the four centering pipe supports, and the pipes are arranged in the pipe supports and are particularly high-temperature and high-pressure pipes. The high-temperature and high-pressure pipe guide device is characterized in that clamp hoop structures are arranged on the outer circle faces of the pipes, are fastened to the outer surfaces of the pipes through nuts and bolts and correspond to the interior of the guide frame, and the inner sides of the four pipe supports are welded to the outer surfaces of the clamp hoop structures respectively.


.A meetingof the Victorfan Branch (and simultaneouslyof the Medical Society of Vict cr'Ia) was held at the Medical Society'Hall, East Melbourne, on April U, 1920, Mr. G. A. Syme, the President,in the chair. (See The Medical Journal of Allstralia, May I, 1920. page 424.) Dr. T. P. Dunhlll, C.M-G., read a paper entitled "Some Surglcll,l Notes" (see page 455). Mr. R. Hamilton Russell said that although he had llstenedto the whole of Dr. Dunhlll's paperwith much interet., he would limit his remarks to that section of It which appealedto him most, viz., the portion deallng with fracturesand the regenerationof bona. ' Mr. Russell recalled the publicattcn of Macewen'swori,{ on the repair of bone, the delight with which he had read It and the -whole-heartedaccord he had given it. The view put forward by Macewencoincided with what he had always suspected,that the periosteumhad no regenerativepower, For a time he had consideredthe question as settled, until he reallzed that there were two schools of opinion in this matter and that the doctrines of Ollier, which attributed osteogeneticpower to the periosteum,had a large following. On one occasion, in conversationwith Sir Harold StlIes, Mr. Russell had expressedconcurrence with the teaching of Macewen,only to tlnd that Sir Harold held the views of the opposing school, which he supportedwith a skiagram calculated to convince Mr. Russell that the periosteum was osteogenetic. Mr. Russell had observedin this plate that the new bone, regardedas having been producedfrom the periosteum, was formed In a very irregular fashion and not in the uniform manner that would have been expectedIf the osteogenesiswere a function of the periosteum. He had'been disposed,on accountof the veryIrregularttyto whleh he had referred,to interpret the plate as affording evidencethat the new bone was formed from various small bony' splculea which had become separatedand remainedattachedto the I!eriosteum. The incident had provided a, good lllustration of the manner in which two observersmight interpret'the sameappearancesIn a skiagram in quite different .ways, Mr.ij.ussell said that he had not madeup his mind regardIng 'Le Riche's method; he had been astonishedby the tlrst case'thrown on the screenby Dr. Dunhlll, but, at the same tlme, he felt that he should llke to know more detalls concerning It. He had never found reasonto doubt Sir -Robert Jones'steaching, that comminutedfragmentsshould be left, although he was prepared to admit that It might require qualification in deallngwith war injuries. Mr. Russellquoted the case of a soldier under his care in No. 11 Australtan General Hospital, about which he had felt considerable anXiety. In this instanceLe Riche's method had been followed, but no bone had been reproducedat all; attemptsat grafting were-nulllfied by sepsis,no doubt due to the activation of latent infection In the bone. Eventually union was obtained by sacrificing length and giving the patient a 'shortenod11mb. "In the course of some remarks relative to fractures jUlit above the condyles of the femur, Mr. Russell said that he 'hoped not to witness an extensive appllcat.lon of methods 'inVOlving calilpers. He consideredthat there was no justification for the use of callipers or bars through the condyles. 'No difficulty should be experiencedin treating this type of fract'ure by simple extension. The difficulties arose when 'extension was combined with spllnts. In fracturee of the femur,.the amount of extensionrequired was not very great and heavyweightswere unrrecessary;simple extension,with_-QUt spllnts, would meet all requirementsin these cases. Mr. Russell referred to Mr. Hurley's paper in the British 1Jollrlial of Surgery, as a record of most excellent work, but he did not consider the method described therein the best way. Thomas'sspllnt was not, in his opinion, nearly so good assimple, well-designedextension,without any splint, In the treatment of any kind of fracture of the femur. He (the speaker)had seenmany late results of fractured femora at .thtaend. All had been treatedwith Thomas'ssplints at the baseand the results were by no meansimpeccable. On the Whole the simpler methodsgave the better results and there was no nueattonof their greatercomfort for the patients. He had heard Dr. DunhiU's paper with great interestand pleasure.combined キ ゥ セ ィ ⦅ ᄋ ャ ャ ッ keen regret that the occasionWlUl the last, at anyratefor a considerableperiod, that they would hear Dr. Dunhlll. Dr. J. Newman Morris eaid that all presentwould ahare the 'regrets expressedby Mr. Russell at the impending departure of Dr. Dunhlll. He had followed the paper witb great interest throughout, but wished to remark only on the subjectdealt with in the first part.


The particular approximation of the variance penalty (term 2 of the RHS) leads to the class of invariant domain generalization algorithms. In contrast, in this paper we focus on controlling the LHS directly by selecting a stronger function class F over the product space D × X (instead of X )1. The key modeling choice we make is to learn a function F : D × X → Y that predicts ŷ = F (DX ,x) for any (x, y) ∈ D, where DX is the marginal of X under D.


The influence of a series of square planar metal adducts on the protonation ability of adenine has been investigated using ab initio calculation. The results showed that the protonation ability was mainly influenced by the long-range electrostatic effect in gas phase, no strong influence of different metals has been detected for the system studied, and the solvent effect calculations showed that the polar solvent could efficiently compensate for the long-range electrostatic effect dominant in gas phase. The NBO population analysis indicated that the protonation ability was mainly affected by changes of the electron density on selected atoms.


Removal of FeO from CaO-SiO2-Al2O3-FeO slags by low carbon-iron melts has been investigated experimentally at 1723 K. The rates of FeO removal were estimated using experimentally measured rate of pressure rise in the reactor due to evolution of CO (g). Several flash X-ray images were obtained during the course of these experiments. The experiments were conducted by dropping a small amount (10-90g) of slag over an Fe-C melt weighing 400g. Based on the rates of reduction of FeO dissolved in CaO-SiO2-Al2O3 slags by two types of Fe-C (1.3 and 2.2%) melts, it was determined that the reactions were independent of carbon concentration and followed first order rate kinetics with respect to FeO concentration. The reactions did not stop until metal and slag phases reached thermodynamic equilibrium with respect to the iron oxide in the slag. The calculated value for the rate constant was 7.34×10-4m/s and it was independent of slag weight or foam volume. Therefore, it was concluded that the presence of foam on the matal bath did not influence the mechanism of FeO removal from slag by Fe-C melts. Maximum height, hf, of the foam generated was established to be a linear function of slag weight, ws, present on the Fe-C melt surface and the relationship was given by hf=11.69+1.993ws


Recently, H. Begehr and G.C. Hsiao [ j ] dealt with the (Riemann-J Hilbert boundary vialuc problem for a nonlinear e l l i p t i c system of f i r s t order in the plane with Lipschitz continuous nonlinearit ies employing some kind of the Schauder continuation method together with a pr ior i estimates for the solutions of related boundary value problems with lineav equations of Beltrami type. As 3pecial advantage of th i s approach they obtained corresponding estimates also for the solution oi the Ililbert problem for the nonlinear system. Ia this note, which should be considered ah addendum to the paper by Begehr and Hsiao, we use these estimations to prove th.6 existence of a solution for the Hilbert problem of a s l ight ly mox'e general system with additive sublinear term in the unknown function applying the well-known theorem o'f Kacurovskii [j?3 -or f i x point equations with completely continuous asymptotically l inear operators. The obtained existence theorem improves a corresponding resu l t in our paper [ 5 ] . For related investigations (on nonlinear e l l i p t i c systems in the plane) of H. Begehr and R.P. Gilbert , H. Begehr and G.N. Hile, H. Begehr and G.C. Hsiao, B. Bojarski and T. Iwaniec, I . I . Daniljiik, R.P. Gilbert , V/. Tutschke, V.S. Vinogradov, '7. Tend land, J . 'Volska-Bochenek and others we re fer to •the bibliographies of [ l ^ j [ 5 ] and the monograph of Tendland


The world grows more complex and dynamic. We need to educate our learners to better manage complexity. How? The author posits that with computer technology, case pedagogy can be enhanced to more fully develop the unique cognitive strengths of the mind in order to cope with complexity.


In this paper we demonstrated the quantitative analysis of gold in environmental water samples using microwave plasma atomic emission spectrometry (MP-AES) after dispersive solid phase extraction (DSPE) on magnetite graphene oxide (m-GO). The benefits of the MP-AES are related to cheap analysis costs and improved operational safety with nitrogen used for plasma generation. The detection limit, 3σ m−1, (0.005 μg L−1), inter and intra-day precision (2.6% and 3.2%) and dynamic range (0.02–500 μg L−1) for m-GO coupled MP-AES were compared and matrix effects were evaluated with respect to environmental samples. Recovery of (spiked) analytes ranges from 97.0 to 101%. The developed MP-AES method can offer a comparable or better performance to flame atomic absorption spectrometry and/or inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry with respect to routine analysis for a regulatory program and may be applied as an active method.


The 15 spin-spin coupling constants (SSCCs) of formamide have been calculated using a new method that combines finite perturbation theory (FPT) and density functional theory (DFT). To test the reliability of this method, different hybrid density functionals and basis sets were used to calculate the Fermi contact (FC) term which was then used to calculate the SSCCs. All three of the hybrid density functionals (B3LYP, B1LYP, and MPW1PW91) gave very similar results; however, the SSCCs changed markedly with basis set. For the standard basis sets, (3–21G, 6–31G, 6–31+G* and 6–311++G**) the agreement with experiment is improved as the core orbital description is improved, but the basis set convergence is slow. To improve the basis set convergence, new basis sets were constructed with decontracted s functions. These basis sets showed much faster convergence for the FC term. To test the accuracy of the DFT/FPT method, four experimental values for the SSCCs of formamide were measured in carbon tetrachloride to closely approximate the monomer environment. Comparing this experimental value with the SSCC calculated at the largest basis set (6–311++G**) resulted in a mean absolute deviation of 2.6 Hz for B3LYP, 0.8 Hz for B1LYP, and 4.4 Hz for MPW1PW91.


At its narrowest, the Scottish Question is the matter of the constitution the matter of the failure of successive British Governments to address adequately the needs of the ancient European nation of Scotland, and the head of steam that has built up in the last few decades for profound and far-reaching change. Northern Ireland's relationship to that question is both simple and complex: in simple terms its relationship is the same as that of any other part of the UK a bystander who can be helpful in asserting and re-asserting the democratic right of Scots to be governed in the way they wish, by whom they wish. In complex terms, the relationship would embrace our long shared history and the ties of family, religions, culture and geography that make us much closer than even we sometimes acknowledge.


The forming of a ceramic composite in the configuration of a layered system with weak interfaces is one of the easiest ways to fabricate stronger and tougher ceramic components. In the present work, the fracture behavior of such ceramic systems was investigated. The effect of fracture energy difference between the strong and weak layers in the layered system was studied by the forming of laminates with various interlayer strengths. The effect of the strong and weak layer thickness ratio to the fracture behavior was also investigated. It is shown that both the layer fracture energy and the thickness ratio affect the mechanical behavior of the layered system.


The carbonate rocks below the Dibu Co Formation at the northern margin of the Dibu Co, Gyangrang Township, Coqen County, Tibet, are not the Middle Permian Xiala Formation as deduced previously. The Triassic is identified in carbonate deposits by the conodont biostratigraphic study. The newly found Triassic is divided in ascending order into the Early Triassic Induan to Middle Triassic latest Ladinian Garing Co Formation (newly established), Middle Triassic latest Ladinian to Late Triassic early Carnian Zhuglung Formation (newly established) and Late Triassic Norian Gyangrang Formation. The discovery of the marine Triassic in the Coqen area suggests that the Early Triassic Induan-Late Triassic Norian marine carbonate deposits are developed in the western Gangdise, rather than missing as thought previously.


This paper discusses some examples of performances and war that occurred between 2004 and 2007. This was the timeline of a three-and-a-half-year Arts and Humanities Research Council (UK) -funded project called 'In Place of War' that continues to investigate international examples of performance and war. The research and the book Performance: In Place of War (Seagull Press, 2009) also seeks to engage more broadly with practices that have emerged since the end of the cold war, including the global political shifts that are visible in the fragmentation of former Yugoslavia; the peace process in Northern Ireland; the rise in conflict supposedly driven by ethnic and religious differences; and the 'war on terror' that has preoccupied much of the Western world since the attacks on the World Trade Center in New York on 11 September 2001. The imperative for the research and the book is specifically linked to these historical changes. Over the three-and- a-half years of the original research project, numerous public events, commissions, performances and seminars were held in the UK and internationally. The project has created an active network of scholars and practitioners to exchange information, experiences and practice. An online database has also been developed specifically to open up dialogue and share practice with researchers and practitioners internationally.


ABSTRACT The last 20 years has seen the emergence of a sub-category of the mild traumatic brain injury literature termed 'sport-related concussion'. Some important differences now exist between this sub-category and the wider findings in the field and these could be detrimental to patients with persisting post-concussion symptoms (PCS). Sport-related studies often emphasize the cerebral risks associated with concussive injuries whilst the broader literature typically focuses on the relatively benign organic implications and the role of psychological factors in persisting symptoms. Clinically, anxiety caused by these mixed messages could lead to an exacerbation of PCS. This paper summarizes the commonalities and differences between the literatures and addresses the key clinical implications.


OBJECTIVE To investigate the relationship between drug resistance of pathogens and antibiotics in patients with lung infection after traumatic brain injury and offer clinical reference for the use of antibiotics.METHODS The clinical data of 137 patients of severe head trauma with pulmonary infection were retrospectively analyzed,then a statistical analysis was taken on the relationship between the drug resistance of pathogens and total dosage of antibiotics.RESULTS The most common pathogen was Gram-negative bacilli which accounted for 64.62%,followed by Gram-negative coccus,fungi and Gram-positive coccus.In this group,the resistance rates of the pathogens to penicillin,ampicillin and cefazolin had a negative correlation with total drug(r=-0.82,-0.70 and-0.87,P0.05);and to ceftazidime,ceftriaxone,cefoperazone,the resistance rate of pathogens had a positive correlation with total drug(r=0.75,0.81 and 0.92,P0.05);but to gentamicin,ciprofloxacin and amikacin,there had no correlation(r=0.42,0.47 and 0.51,P0.05).CONCLUSION The change of composition ratio of application of antibiotics can change the drug resistance of pathogens in patients with lung infection after traumatic brain injury.The clinicians should select antibiotics reasonably based on the antimicrobial susceptibility results.


Energy Saving Car Contest (KMHE) is a competition held by DIKTI aimed at testing the ability to design and build vehicles that are safe, economical and environmentally friendly (Technical Regulations for KMHE 2019). In the 2019 KMHE the Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta participated by sending three cars, one of which was the Urban Concept Electric Motor category named UEV-15 Trisula. In the last 2019 KMHE competition, especially the Urban Concept UEV-15 Trident experienced several obstacles, one of which was the body part because it was not in accordance with existing technical regulations. The Value Engineering method is expected to produce criteria as a basis for developing and choosing alternative body designs; measuring the performance, cost, and value of design alternatives; and provide the best design alternative based on the results of the evaluation criteria so that it can correct the discrepancy and then improve the performance and performance of the KMHE in 2020.


Introduction G-protein-coupled receptors recognize a wide variety of extracellular ligands and stimuli. These include hormones, neurotransmitters, neuromodulators, Ca2+ ions, tastants, odorants and photons [l-31. This family of receptors may number over 1000 members and is characterized by a seven-transmembrane-spanning architecture. Signal transmission is initiated by a receptor conformational change induced by ligand binding (e.g. catecholamine binding to an adrenergic receptor) or by a receptor-chromaphore isomerization event (i.e. light activation of the visual pigment rhodopsin). This in turn induces the activation of a coupled intracellular heterotrimeric G-protein via exchange of GDP for G T P on the a-subunit of the G-protein trimer, with a subsequent dissociation of the G-protein trimer into its constituent aand By-subunits. The aand [ly-subunits can each modulate the activity of numerous effector proteins such as the nine isoforms of adenylate cyclase [4], the four phospholipase C /l-isoforms [5], phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase ;J [6], retinal cGMP phosphodiesterase [3] and various ion channels [7] and kinases [8]. In addition, certain effectors can be regulated by both r and Ifi-subunits [7,9]. Many proteins participating in G-protein signalling pathways are subject to regulation, thus permitting the system to modulate its own responsiveness. The loss of signalling after repeated or prolonged exposure to agonists is termed desensitization [lo]. Our ability to adjust visual gain under varying ambient light conditions, as when exiting a darkened theatre, or the loss in therapeutic efficacy of many drugs after prolonged use, are common examples of this phenomenon. The molecular pathways controlling receptor-specific desensitization involve a family of serine/threonine protein kinases known


Abstract Throughout the world, dunes are being altered by human activities. Dunes can be restored to naturally functioning systems to protect human settlements and coastal strips and preserve biotopes. This study took place on the Jaï dunes, on the shore of a coastal lagoon in southeastern France, which were mainly degraded by vehicles. The objectives of this work were (1) to define the reference ecosystem by gathering historical information and exploring other regional sand dunes; (2) to find out about the restoration potential of the site by studying the degraded seed bank; (3) to test the efficacy of a few basic restoration actions. Historical information was of little help in defining the reference ecosystem. The description of EU Habitat Directive habitat types and the selection of regionally less degraded sites allowed us to compile the following list of plant species that we could expect to find in the restored area: Anthemis maritima, Elytrigia juncea, Glaucium flavum and Sporobolus pungens. The seed bank of the road was mainly composed of Juncus acutus, which is not a typical dune species and therefore did not have much potential for restoration. Ploughing can therefore be used to decompact the sand road without hampering colonization from the seed bank. Ploughing was only efficient when the following other conditions were met: environmental conditions adequate for the establishment of dune vegetation, and a sufficient connection between the beach, the foredune and the restored area.


Early detection of cataract considered as an important solution to prevent the increasing number of cataract in developing country, especially in Indonesia. A cataract will be a serious public health problem as a leading cause of blindness if there is a delay in handling it. In this paper, we discuss about the performing high accuracy of the system for cataract detection using statistical texture analysis and K-Nearest Neighbor (K-NN). In training steps, the feature extraction method uses Gray Level Co-occurrence Matrix (GLCM) to get the texture feature value of contrast, dissimilarity and uniformity that appearance in the pupil area of the training images. In testing steps, the testing images will be classified using K-NN method to normal or cataract condition. Based on the result of 10 times experiments for 160 eyes images that consist of 40 normal images and 40 cataract images as the training data and 40 normal images and 40 cataract images as the testing data, the statistical texture analysis and K-NN perform high accuracy for detecting cataract with average accuracy 94.5%.


The house's type classified by the layout is five kinds. It was divided in order to Hotdjib Jeontuetkan-Form, Hotdjib Jeonhutuectkan-Form, Gubjib ㄱ-Form, Gubjib Jeontuetkan-form, and Gubjib Jeontuetkan-Form accordding to the time when each house was built, and this change of process can be construed as laying out phenomena of Korean traditional house in Chungbuk Province. In the Jeonhutuetkan-Form among houses researched on this study it appears devided phenomena of Daecheong and Anbang, various practical uses, and attached space. Like this phenomena, we can verify reflection of modem appearance following the social change of Korean traditional house in Chungbuk Province.


Nowadays there is a worldwide tendency to learn the Chinese language,but the Chinese character is still a huge trouble for learners with time-consuming and energy-consuming problems.The systematicism,complexity,obscurity and dynamism of the information of Chinese character culture require further research on the integration teaching of it.We should make use of modern information technology and computerized Chinese character integration input method to integrate common-used Chinese character cultural information,such as integration of pronunciation and spelling,integration of single character and words,integration of teaching and learning and integration of learning and application.According to the requirements of different kinds of Chinese characters,we can form a basic design of the teaching on information integration of Chinese character culture through experimental teaching.


.................................................................................................................................. iv DEDICATION ................................................................................................................................ v ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ............................................................................................................. vi LIST OF TABLES .......................................................................................................................... x LIST OF FIGURES ....................................................................................................................... xi LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ...................................................................................................... xvi CHAPTER 1: BACKGROUND ..................................................................................................... 1 1.


Different from single-input single-output (SISO) converters, strong nonlinear coupling effect between input ports is one of the most salient features in multi-input converters (MICs), which leads to at least three-piecewise ripple of inductor current. This paper deals with the analysis of bifurcation-based dynamical stabilities and nonlinear coupling effects in the dual-input Buck-Boost DC–DC converter. Firstly, a sampling-based averaged continuous model is proposed to describe the coupling characteristics of the dual-input DC–DC converters with three-piecewise current ripple. Based on the proposed model, the inherent mechanism of low-frequency oscillation is revealed in terms of the movement of the eigenvalue loci. It shows that Hopf bifurcation takes the responsibility for the low-frequency oscillation. Moreover, multiparameters stability boundaries are identified to establish the nonlinear mapping relations between parameter space and state space. Particularly, Gershgorin band analysis is used to give a qualitative analysis in order to evaluate the coupling effects between different state variables of the system. In addition, Gershgorin band sensitivity is proposed to reveal the influence of parameters on the coupling effects of the system. Finally, the correctness of these theoretical analyses is verified by PSpice circuit experiments. These results are beneficial to the practical optimization design as well as the understanding of coupling effect of MICs.


The flexibility introduced by Commercial-Off-The-Shelf (COTS) SRAM based FPGAs in on-board system designs make them an attractive option for military and aerospace applications. However, the advances towards the nanometer technology come together with a higher vulnerability of integrated circuits to radiation perturbations. In mission critical applications it is important to improve the reliability of applications by using fault-tolerance techniques. In this work, a non-intrusive fault tolerance technique has been developed. The proposed technique targets soft processors (e.g. LEON3), and its detection mechanism uses a Bus Monitor to compare output data of a main soft-processor with its redundant module. In case of a mismatch, an error signal is activated, triggering the proposed fault tolerance strategy. This approach shows to be more efficient than the state-of-the-art Triple Modular Redundancy (TMR) and Software Implemented Hardware Fault Tolerance (SIHFT) approaches in order to detect and to correct faults on the fly with low area overhead and with no major performance penalties. The chosen case study is an under development On-Board Computer (OBC) system, conceived to be employed in future missions of the Brazilian Institute of Space Research (INPE).


Abstract Some time ago Fournier et al1 showed that the "mirage effect"2 [the deflection of a light beam by refractive index (n) gradients in a fluid above a heated surface] was two orders of magnitude greater when the fluid was a liquid than when it was a gas. The larger beam deflections arose because of the larger dn/dT changes found with liquids than with gases. Advantage has been taken of this higher sensitivity in a variety of nonspectroscopic and spectroscopic studies (in the visible region of the spectrum) of solids submerged in liquids, and recently Palmer and Smith3, 4 and also Varlashkin and Low5 have extended the spectral measurements into the infrared (IR) range; IR Fourier transform (FT) spectra of solids submerged in CC14 were obtained.


Post-operative monitoring of free-flaps in patients with darker or mottled skin can be challenging. We present a case to illustrate an approach which can facilitate perfusion monitoring in free flaps where clinical assessment is challenging. This may be used in addition to other techniques such as doppler.


Under the view of knowledge,talent of high education can be divided into three types.We can build a mathematical model through analyzing and comparing of the three types.The order of the talent competition predominance,from high to low,is innovative talent,learning talent,knowledgeable talent.The gap of the competition predominance among the three types will be more and more.The author put forward that the lowest target of the talent cultivated in university is learning talent,the highest purpose is innovative talent.


This article examines the violence that broke out in Kenya after the 2007 presidential elections. After weeks of fighting and the establishment of a coalition government made up of the incumbent president and the leader of the opposition, relative calm returned to the country. However, the government has been slow to implement the recommendations of the Commission of Inquiry into Post Election Violence (Waki Commission). One key suggestion the Waki Commission made was to call upon the Kenyan government to establish an independent Special Tribunal made up of domestic and international jurists to prosecute those responsible for the crimes committed during the violence. At the time of writing, the ICC Pre-Trial Chamber II had been assigned the matter to determine whether the Office of the Prosecutor could initiate investigations. This article argues that the crimes committed in Kenya during the post election violence do not meet the ICC threshold on jurisdiction and gravity, and do not have the essential legal attributes of genocide and crimes against humanity. However, the manner in which the ICC handles this situation has the potential to influence the way future crimes are tried; thus the ICC must ensure that impunity does not prevail over accountability.


The rules for preparing the manuscripts for the International Journals (IJ) and International Book Series (IBS) of the ITHEA International Scientific Society (ITHEA ISS) are outlined. We study mobile communication of networks, the ad hoc networks, Ad hoc networks are complex distributed systems that consist of wireless mobile or static nodes that can freely and dynamically self-organize. The parameter of the queuing models depends on the node mobility pattern. The main finding is that the expected relay buffer size depends on the expectation and the variance of the nodes contact time. Such analysis is done for the three dimensional random walks models over a circle; expected relay buffer size depends on the expectation and the variance of the nodes contact time. First model-The source node transmits a packet only once (either to the relay or to the destination node). Thus, the source node does not keep a copy of the packet once it has been sent. When the source node transmits a packet to the destination node (when their locations permit such a transmission), the source node transmits packets that it has not transmitted before. The source node has always data to send to the destination node. This is a standard assumption, also made in (GMPS04, GT02, GK00), because we are interested in the maximum relay throughput of the relay node. This shows: the first relay node performs a Random walk and the source and destination are fixed, second the source, the destination, and the relay node move inside a square according to the RD model. Second model-The relay node is moving according to a symmetric random walk (RW) on a circle of 4R + 2w steps. Third model - Three nodes: a source a destination and a relay source, nodes are moving a cording a symmetrical Random Walk over a circle.


Sekibetsu of Dazai Osamu (1945) is based on the life experience of the master in Chinese literature, Lu Xun, and is "the fiction authorized by the Cabinet Agency Information Service of Japan and literature journal parliament". Thus, since its publication, the work has encountered extreme criteria criticisms "to resist/meet the time". However, an overemphasis on the uniqueness and time of the book tends to neglect the important reference, "Great Lu Xun Collection" (7 books, 1936~1937), when Dazai Osamu wrote the book and the author's intentional rewriting of unique content and intention. Although the originality of Dazai Osamu was insignificant, he carefully applied the depictions of important scenes and main characters. This paper focuses on character setting and scene depiction, as created by Dazai Osamu, and explores the underlying story. By the unique technique of "Virtual Reality Integration" of rewriting and citation of Sekibetsu and the reference, this paper explores the possibility of reverse interpretation of the text.


We propose two mechanisms for the variation of resistance of a film as a function of applied electric field. The resistivity calculated for the field-driven movement of the mobile charge carriers in the normal state of a superconductor in the static approximation varies as the square root of the electric field, ρ∝E1/2 only as long as the dielectric constant is independent of the field. We also predict that the resistivity of a system with conduction electrons localized along a 1-dimensional chain varies as the square root of the applied electric field. We have found that for the electric field larger than about half of the break down field, E>EBD/2, the measured resistivity varies as the square root of the electric field, ρ∝E1/2. Thus both of the theoretical approximations are in agreement with the experimental measurements of the normal state resistivity of YBa2Cu3O7−x.


Aiming at the complex surrounding of Zhuwangtuo hotel neighbors,three kinds of blasting scheme were put forward,the directional blasting,unidirectional folding blasting,and unidirectional two-fold blasting.In order to select the optimized program,the software ANSYS/LS—DYNA was used to establish the common node separate model for previewing those three kinds scheme.According to the blasting requirements,the collapse length and rock pile height as an indicator,the unidirectional two-fold blasting was determined as the blasting scheme,and with optimized by the numerical simulation,and the good blasting effect was eventually obtained.The results show that,on the complex surrounding of high-rise building,the finite element analysis software ANSYS/LS—DYNA can provide a basis to determine fine blasting scheme.


Acknowledgments Introduction / Bruce Granville Miller 1. Coast Salish History / Alexandra Harmon 2. The Not So Common / Daniel Boxberger 3. We have to Take Care of Everything That Belongs to Us / Nxaxalhts'I, also known as Albert (Sonny) McHalsie 4. To Honour our Ancestors We Become Visible Again / Raymond (Rocky) Wilson 5. Toward an Indigenous Historiography: Events, Migrations, and the Formation of 'Post-Contact' Coast Salish Collective Identities / Keith Thor Carlson 6. "I can lift her up ...": Fred Ewen's Narrative Complexity / Crisca Bierwert 7. Language Revival Programs of the Nooksack Tribe and the Sto:lo Nation / Brent Galloway 8. Sto:lo Identity and the Cultural Landscape of S'olh Temexw / Dave Schaepe 9. Conceptions of Coast Salish warfare, or Coast Salish Pacifism Reconsidered: Archaeology, History, and Ethnography / Bill Angelbeck 10. Consuming the Recent for Constructing the Ancient: The Role of Ethnography in Coast Salish Archaeological Interpretation / Colin Grier Contributors Index


The paper presents a new method based on the Simulated Annealing Algorithm for the estimation of the parameters of multilayer soils. First the infinite integral of resistivity equation is approximated by use of complex image method. Then, Simulated Annealing Method is used to estimate the soil resistivity with the least error.


Daqing peripheral oilfield in the shallow layer is low abundance and low permeability thin interbed reservoir, which has the characteristics of multiple layers, low permeability, and small interlayer thickness. The reservoir development is not balanced. According to this characteristic, in order to be effective and economically develop this kind of reservoir, the research adopts stepped horizontal well development technology. And with the application of dynamics and kinematics theory, establishing a three-dimensional track ladder design of horizontal wells, horizontal section of casing string lifting limit and the mathematics model to calculate stress. The establishment of the analysis of drilling technology can accurately judge the position of bit and reservoir development, and timely adjust track. Key words: Thin layer; Stepped horizontal well; Optimization design; Trajectory control of; Cementing quality


New linguistic formations in the media's description and evaluation of the protest events in Belarus ("belmaidan") on 09.08.2020 are considered as a thesaurus. The study is based on descriptions of the sociolinguistic and historical context of Belarusian realities, on the provisions of the reference theory (which manifests itself only in speech and represents not reality itself, but its image) and the theory of the thesaurus as a system of knowledge about the world, presented in texts and expressed in verbal signs. In the development of these theories, the main parameters of the "belmaidan" thesaurus are highlighted: subjects of speech, media texts and the thesaurus itself as a bicentric structure in the polarization of the centers we and they. New linguistic formations of the they-thesaurus are characterized in lexical-thematic, derivational and grammatical terms, as well as in their correlation with objects of reality: several synonymous variants of names that are isofunctional to a proper name correspond to the same referent, as a result these units form a structure of synonymous series different from the one in the dictionary. As a holistic mental-speech formation, the they-thesaurus, due to its communicative nature, referential orientation and attachment to reality, represents objective knowledge about a fragment of the real world and reveals its pejorative intentionality at the intertextual level. Two conclusions are drawn: the event thesaurus is a specific system with its own social time and space coordinate, having the structure and forms of expression, internal and external connections as well as capability to expand; the thesaurus analysis of media speech has explanatory power in the presentation of objective knowledge, on the one hand, and the expressive capabilities of language, on the other.


In my letter of the 4th of November, 1704. I took Notice of the wonderful Figure of an Animalculum, that was fix'd in a little Scabboard or Sheath, fasten'd to some of the small green Weeds that are found in Ditches full of Water.


be written in the form dz dV(z,) dz d(V0(z)V1(z)) dzV1. Combustion products are transferred via a connecting line to a low-pressure reaction cell, where they are mixed with ozone.


Two field experiments were carried out in Sakha Agricultural Research Station, Kafr el-Shiekh Governorate, to determine the most suitable irrigation frequencies and quantities, for Snap bean and Squash, grown under drip irrigation system. The irrigation intervals of snap bean were irrigation every 4, 8, 12 and 16 days, where the irrigation intervals of Squash were, irrigation every 2, 4, 6 and 8 days. Irrigation quantities were 0.8 and 1.0 evaporation ( Ep ), for both snap bean and squash, based on pan evaporation. The obtained results are summarized in: squash fruit diameter, where, the highest fruit diameter was obtained with 8 days interval + 0.8 Ep. Irrigation intervals treatments had a highly significant effect on squash fruit yield, where, the highest yield ( 799.596 kg/fed). Was obtained with irrigation interval 2 days treatment. Raising irrigation interval from 2 to 8 days decreased W.Ut.E of squash by 70.8%. Increasing W.Ut.E with increasing the amount of applied water meaningfully that the applied water quantities for yield is not enough for better growth. Irrigation intervals-irrigation water quantities interaction significantly affected W.Ut.E of squash yield. The highest W.Ut.E values (1.582 kg/m 3 ) were recorded under the short period of irrigation intervals (2 days) with irrigation quantities expressed as 1.0Ep.


The present invention is processed Morinda citrifolia products and their processed products and Morinda citrifolia L. Various fractions of anti-fungal and anti-bacterial activity of extracts from plants, and related methods for determining the average inhibitory concentration. In particular, the present invention is Morinda citrifolia L. Ethanol, methanol and ethyl acetate extracts and these inhibitory activity against common fungi and bacteria, and to verify the average inhibitory concentration from.


Method of applying a patterned thin film on a substrate, comprising the step of plasma processing the substrate. Organopolysiloxane polymers, organopolysiloxane oligomer, one or soft lithographic printing liquid coating material containing a plurality of compounds selected from the group of siloxane resin and polysilane, preferably applied to the substrate surface by microcontact printing to form a patterned coating on a substrate. If necessary, any residual liquid coating material can be removed from the substrate surface. This process does not require that the curing step as required in decal transfer microlithographic process undergoes liquid coating material. By using the plasma processing of any suitable form, capable of activating the substrate prior to printing.


ABSTRACT A new species of eriophyoid mite, Setoptus semiornatum n. sp., causing needle chlorosis to Pinus parviflora Siebold and Zucc. var. pentaphylla (Mayr) A. Henry (Pinaceae), imported into the UK from Japan, is described and illustrated. The morphological characters used to differentiate S. semiornatum and the other Setoptus Keifer species are provided and a remark on the classification within the genus Setoptus is made.


Bisdithiooxalate is introduced as an outstanding new coupling agent with four reactive centers which effectively reacts with amino-terminated polyamide 12. Peculiarities of the coupling behavior are discussed on the basis of a kinetic model.


Objective:To study the incidence of postablation syndrome after laparoscopic radiofrequency ablation(RFA) of hepatic cavernous hemangioma(HCH) and analyze its cause.Methods: A total of 30 patients with HCHs were treated by laparoscopic RFA.Pre-and postablation laboratory tests and imaging studies were performed in all patients.After laparoscopic RFA,the symptoms and their durations were observed prospectively.Results: Postablation symptoms occurred in 15 out of 30 patients,including fever in 15,chills in 3,systemic malaise in 13,pain at the site of ablation in 7,nausea and/or vomiting in 11,and transient hematoglobinuria in 4.Symptoms peaked on day 3 and resolved by conservative treatment within 12 days after onset of symptom.The incidence of postablation symptom was related significantly with the preoperative maximum diameter of lesions,the postoperative maximum diameter of ablated regions,the RFA time and serum aminotransferase levels(P0.05).Conclusions: Postablation syndrome occurs in approximately one-second of patients after laparoscopic RFA of HCHs and can be self-limiting within 2 weeks.Appropriate management is recommended for the affected patients.


We propose an iterative decoder made of a combination of faulty and perfect logic gates that is capable of correcting more channel errors than its counterpart made completely of perfect logic gates. We present an error probability analysis based on absorbing Markov chains, and explain how the randomness in the check node update function helps a decoder to escape to local minima associated with trapping sets. For the (155, 64) Tanner low-density parity check code, we provide a range of gate failure probabilities for which imperfect decoders perform better.


Understanding and modeling of turbulent combustion are key-problems in the computation of numerous practical systems. Because of the lack of analytical theories in this field and of the difficulty of performing precise experiments, direct simulation appears to be one of the most attractive tools to use in addressing this problem. The present work can be split into two parts: (1) Development and validation of a direct simulation method for turbulent combustion; (2) Applications of the method to premixed turbulent combustion problems. The goal of part 1 is to define and to test a numerical method for direct simulation of reacting flows. A high level of confidence should be attached to direct simulation results, and this can only be achieved through extensive validation tests. In part 2, direct simulation is used to address some of the many critical problems related to turbulent combustion. At the present time, I have limited this work to premixed combustion and considered only four basic issues: (1) The effect of pressure waves on flame propagation; (2) The interaction between flame fronts and vortices; (3) The influence of curvature on premixed flame fronts; and (4) The validation of flamelet models for premixed turbulent combustion.


Stock option plan is a solution to agency problems which can enhance management incentive.It has been generally operated by the listed companies in west countries. We inquire into the application prospect of stock option and point out that not the efficiency of capital market but the ownership structure of the listed company may weaken the incentive effects of stock option in China.


Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), also known as colony-stimulating factor 2 (CSF-2) plays an important role in regulating mature myeloid cell populations under both homeostatic and inflammatory conditions. GM-CSF maintains low basal levels under homeostatic conditions, but its levels can quickly become elevated during infection or inflammation. GM-CSF is rapidly produced during inflammatory or autoimmune reactions by a variety of cells, including endothelial cells, macrophages, dendritic cells (DCs), T cells, neutrophils, eosinophils, and more. It has been reported that the expression of GM-CSF is regulated by several transcription factors including NF-kB, AP-1, and RUNX1. Fli-1 belongs to the ETS transcription factor family. We have demonstrated that the Fli-1 transcription factor is a novel regulator in modulating the expression of many inflammatory mediators, including monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP-1), chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 5 (CCL5) and interleukin 6 (IL-6). In this report, we found that murine endothelial cells transfected with Fli-1 specific siRNA produced significant lower levels of GM-CSF after stimulation with Toll-like receptor 4 ligand LPS compared to the cells transfected with control siRNA. Human primary glomerular endothelial cells transfected with Fli-1 specific siRNA had reduced Fli-1 protein and produced significantly less GM-CSF following LPS stimulation compared to the cells transfected with control siRNA. Transient transfection assays show that Fli-1 drives transcription from the GM-CSF promoter in a dose-dependent manner. Together, the results indicate that Fli-1 is a novel, critical transcription factor in regulating the expression of GM-CSF.


Abstract This article examines the use of subjective and objective nouns and noun phrases in discourse using the Corpus of Contemporary American English and the British National Corpus. It expands upon an earlier study, where I showed that subjective adjectival premodifiers are typically used with the indefinite article in corpus data (e. g. an interesting conclusion), and that further modification (e. g. a very interesting conclusion) results in an even higher likelihood of indefinite marking (Vartiainen 2013, Subjectivity, indefiniteness and semantic change. English Language and Linguistics 17(1). 157–179). In this paper, I focus on three research questions: (i) does the correlation between subjective meaning and indefinite marking also obtain when demonstrative and possessive determiners are included in the data, (ii) does the correlation depend on adjectival modification, or are subjective nouns also used more often in indefinite structures, (iii) are there qualitative differences (in terms of syntactic roles) between the use of indefinite subjective and objective NPs?


Provided is a method of transmitting a data packet from a content provider in a content-centric network (CCN) which comprises: verifying whether content request packets which request an identical content are present in a pending interest table (PIT), as the content request packets for requesting contents from a content requester are received, to increase a counter value; comparing the counter value to a predetermined threshold value; and transmitting a data packet using a predefined broadcast media access control (MAC) address in response to the content request packet being received, if the value of the counter is greater than or equal to the threshold value.


Learning style is the composite of cognitive, affective, and physiological characteristics that serve as relatively stable indicators of how a learner perceives, interacts and responds to the learning environment. Felder – Solomon Index of Learning Style (ILS) includes Sensitive/Intuitive, Visual/Verbal and Sequential/ Global, Active/reflective. The learning strategies are a major indicator of exam performance of students. Objective:   To find the association between academic learning strategies and annual examination results among medical students of King Edward Medical University. Study Design:   Cross – sectional study design. Study Setting and Duration:   King Edward Medical University and 3 months. Materials and Methods:   The study was conducted among the 3 rd , 4 th , and 5 th year medical students of KEMU Lahore. Informed consent was taken. A total of 300 students, 100 each from 3 rd , 4 th and 5 th year were taken. 132 males (44%) and 168 females (56%) were part of the study. Simple Random sampling (non-pro-bability sampling) was used. Results:   The overall dominant learning strategies among students of King Edward Medical University were sensing/SNS (64.3%), visual/VIS (80.7%), sequential/SEQ (63.7%) and Active/ACT (50.3%). Chi squared test for individual learning combinations against achiever types showed no significant association between academic learning strategies and annual exam performance (p value > 0.05). Results also showed that females performed better academically than their male counterparts.


Objective: This study reviewed previous studies related to ingress and egress (I/E) of a motor vehicle and proposed prospective issues about that. Background: Vehicle I/E, entering and exiting a motor vehicle, are an important factor to directly affect ergonomic automotive design. Method: A lot of research with I/E-related keywords has been collected. They were divided into four types of subjects and were described in detail. Several major prospective issues for automotive ergonomics were proposed. Results: The detailed subjects are as follows; (1) Characteristics of I/E motion or posture, (2) Identification of the ease of I/E, (3) Statistical and mathematical modeling about I/E, and (4) Digital human modeling for I/E. Quantitative evaluation of the ease of I/E, accurate simulation of I/E motion or posture of digital human model, and development of application tools to ergonomically evaluate and design an automobile were considered to be future issues of automotive ergonomics. Conclusion: This study can be helpful to understand research trends related to vehicle I/E and identify meaningful future works about that.


Lyotard holds that postmodernism is the description of knowledge of a developed society.The total knowledge of postmodernism encompasses varions language games and only has the preset game rules without the need for the general philosophical basis of the "metarecounts".Starting from differences between the language status and the application rules,Lyotard elaborates on the rise and fall of the original language which acts as linking network for western civilization and as the basis of cognition.He also discusses"the crisis of recount" and the illegal state of knowledge.Lyotard upholds the diversity of cultures and social life,on the basis of which he also deals with the relationship between knowledge and rights.


O. Numerals have had a continuing, if small, place in anthropological and linguistic literature for at least a century. Even the briefest vocabularies collected by travellers, missionaries and traders have included numerals; comparative charts of numerals have been exhibited as proof of genetic relationship for the most disparate assortments of languages. Tylor devoted a chapter of Primitive Culture to numerals and their


A new model of the thermionic energy converter (TEC) configured with the graphene-based cathode is proposed, which includes the thermal radiation between the cathode and the anode electrodes and the heat losses from the anode to the environment. Analytic expressions for the power output density and efficiency of the TEC are derived. The performance characteristics of the TEC are analyzed by numerical calculations. It is found that the maximum efficiency and power density can, respectively, reach 30% and  $\textsf {0.575}\,\,\textsf {Wcm}^{-\textsf {2}}$  when the TEC is operated between the two heat reservoirs at temperatures 1500 and 300 K. In addition, the optimum regions of the efficiency, power density, voltage output, electric current, and anode temperature are determined. The maximum efficiency and power density of the graphene-based TEC operated at different temperatures are calculated and compared with those of the metal-based TEC. It shows that the graphene-based TEC operated at 1200–1800 K displays the better performance than the metal-based TEC. The results obtained here may provide guidance for the appropriate selection of electrode materials and optimum design of practical TEC devices.


Apert syndrome (AS) is clinically characterized by typical facial features and symmetrical syndactyly of the digits. AS is inherited as an autosomal dominant trait. Recently, a fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (FGFR2) mutation, either C934G or C937G, was identified in exon IIIa. Our report documents an affected mother and son in whom one of the two mutations in AS had occurred sporadically in the mother. The diagnosis of AS was based on associated abnormal physical features and on molecular genetic analysis. A C‐to‐G transversion at position 937 of the cDNA resulting in a proline‐to‐arginine substitution at codon 253 was found in the mother. In her second pregnancy, prenatal diagnosis by both restriction analysis and direct sequencing was undertaken and this showed that the female fetus had not inherited the mutation. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.