Abstract– Maximum deflection in a beam is a design criteria and occurs generally at or close to the mid-span. A methodology has been developed for continuous composite beams to predict the inelastic mid-span deflections, d i (considering the cracking of concrete) from the elastic mid-span deflections, d e (neglecting the cracking of concrete). Nine significant structural parameters have been identified that govern the change in mid-span deflections. Six neural networks have been presented to cover the entire practical range of the beams. The proposed neural networks have been validated for a number of beams with different number of spans and the errors are small for practical purposes. The methodology enables rapid estimation of inelastic deflections in continuous composite beams and requires a computational effort that is a fraction of that required for the conventional iterative or incremental analysis. The methodology can easily be extended for large composite building frames where a huge savings in computational effort would result.


A potentially useful source of resistance has been identified in an accession of Triticum tauschii. A cross was made between the resistant T. tauschii accession, RL5271, and a susceptible accession, CPI110889, to study the genetics of resistance from this source. The parental accessions and the F1 and F3 progeny were screened in the glasshouse as seedlings. The resistant parent took significantly longer to develop symptoms, developed significantly fewer lesions, and expressed significantly lower levels of disease than the susceptible parent. The F1 mean response for disease severity indicated there was no complete dominance. The genotypic ratios generated by screening the F3 families were not significantly different from the genotypic ratio expected for a single gene. The effectiveness and simple genetic control of the resistance in the T. tauschii accession RL5271 may be useful as a resistance source in a bread wheat breeding program.


The observation has been made frequently that the diarrheal diseases, particularly salmonellosis, are more commonly encountered in the young of all species, including man [1-4]. It is also widely recognized that the domestic fowl is the largest single reservoir of Salmonella in this country [511]. With these basic considerations in mind and the documentation which supports them, a study was undertaken in Rockingham County, Virginia, in September 1965. The study was concerned with the incidence and prevalence rates of diarrheal disease in a group of second-grade children. It sought to compare the frequency of occurrence of diarrheal disease in a study population of children who resided on commercial poultry farms1 with that in a control population of children of similar age who lived on farms where poultry was not kept. The basis for such a comparison rested on the


Although the number of schools implementing School-Wide Positive Behavioral Interventions and Supports (SWPBIS) is increasing, and there is great demand for evidence-based Tier 2 and 3 interventions for students requiring additional support, little systematic research has examined administrator support for such programming. This article examines staff- and school-level factors associated with staff members' perception of administrator support for SWPBIS and the implementation of Tier 2 and 3 interventions. Using data from 2,717 staff members in 45 elementary schools implementing SWPBIS, multilevel analyses were conducted. Results indicated that the schools' organizational health played an important role in staff members' perceptions of administrator support for SWPBIS and Tier 2 and 3 interventions, whereas the implementation quality of these interventions did not. Furthermore, perceived administrator support for Tier 2 and 3 interventions varied as a function of the staff members' role in the school. Implications for practice and future research are discussed.


In ancient times,China paid great attention to the children's education.In our ancient history of education,private education always played a very important role,especially teaching and learning in the enlightenment stage.It was undertaken mainly by private education.This is indeed a peculiar feature of China ancient education.Through the explaination and analysis of ancient history of education,it has reference values to explore ancient history of education and contemporary teaching.


A method for warning of the following vehicles in a group of several successive vehicles (1, 2, 3), wherein - of an average vehicle (2) from a front distance (d - on the basis of the front distance (d - an alert upon identifying an imminent collision front (W, W1, W2) to a following vehicle (3) is received characterized in that - a rear distance (d - on the basis of at least the trailing distance (d - the alarm (W, W1, W2) is only then transmitted when an impending rear impact is identified.


Most strong, static type models were developed for centralized, sequential systems. However, static type checking may even be more useful in distributed systems because in these systems it is extremely diicult to restore a consistent system state after a type error has occurred. Type models for concurrent systems shall be more expressive than those for sequential systems. But for more expressive types it is more diicult to perform static type checking. We show a hierarchy of four increasingly expressive levels of type models and discuss the possibility of static type checking and static deadlock prevention for them.


One of the main objectives of the EU project MOBOT [1], which generally aims at the development of an intelligent active mobility assistance robot, is to provide multimodal sensory processing capabilities for human action recognition. Specifically, a reliable multimodal information processing and action recognition system needs to be developed, that will detect, analyze and recognize the human user actions based on the captured multimodal sensory signals and with a reasonable level of accuracy and detail within the context of the MOBOT framework for intelligent assistive robotics. Different sensory modalities need to be combined into an integrated human action recognition system. One of the main thrusts in the above effort is the development of robust and effective computer vision techniques to achieve the visual processing goals based on multiple cues such as spatiotemporal RGB appearance data as well as depth data from Kinect sensors. Another major challenge is the integration of recognizing specific verbal and gestural commands in the considered human-robot interaction context. In this presentation we summarize advancements in three tasks of the above multimodal processing system for humanrobot interaction (HRI): action recognition, gesture recognition and spoken command recognition.


The Olympic principles included in the Olympic Charter reflect the philosophy of the Olympic Movement. One of these principles is non-discrimination based on sex or gender. Rhythmic gymnastics is one of the few Olympic sports with exclusively female participation. The objective of this research has been to rescue the facts that suppose its origin and evolution, both nationally and internationally, and reflect on whether in the current situation, and in relation to this sport, the fundamental principles that are at the base of the Olympic are fulfilled in practice. Therefore, the documentary analysis of the Olympic Charter, the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the documentation of the archives of the Royal Spanish Gymnastics Federation, as well as specialized newspaper sources, was carried out. On the other hand, a semi-structured interview was conducted with the Spanish gymnast Ruben Orihuela Gavilan. The information and results were contrasted and triangulated, and showed that rhythmic gymnastics has no restrictions regarding its practice, however at a competitive level, the events in which gymnasts can participate are scarce. In this sense in Spain balancing impulses of this circumstances are documented, showing a pioneering advance on this matter, such as the granting of the first male license in the world, or the celebration of the first National Male Rhythmic Gymnastics Championship held in Gijon in 2009.Therefore, it should be noted that it is now in the hands of the International Gymnastics Federation and the national federations the possibility of generating the boost that male rhythmic gymnastics needs, promoting the visibility of this sport and the increase in its practice, aspects that also conditions Olympic participation.


Model Predictive Control (MPC) schemes generate controls by using a model to predict the plant's response to various control strategies. A problem arises when the underlying model is obtained by fitting a general nonlinear function, such as a neural network, to data: an exorbitant amount of data may be required to obtain accurate enough predictions. We describe a means of avoiding this problem that involves a simplified plant model which bases its predictions on averages of past control inputs. This model operates on a timescale slower than the rate at which the controls are updated and the plant outputs are sampled. Not only does this technique give better closed-loop performance from the same amount of open-loop data, but it requires far less on-line computation as well. We illustrate the usefulness of this two-timescale approach by applying it to a simulated exothermic continuously stirred tank reactor with jacket dynamics. *Pleased address all correspondence to the first author. This work was performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy.


A novel 15-GHz six-bit digital phase shifter has been proposed. The developed phase shifter has been realized in a hybrid MIC technique with PIN diodes as switching elements. The circuit consists of four bits realized as periodically loaded-line and two bits based on novel switched-line with loaded-line. All of six bits have special tuning elements for the fine tuning of the required phase shift. The insertion loss for the 64 phase states is 5.2dBplusmn1.1 dB over the operating bandwidth of 14.9-15.1GHz, and the phase error for the 64 phase states is not greater than 3.4 degrees at the designed center frequency of 15GHz.


Let E be a real uniformly convex Banach space which satisfies Opial's condition or the norm of which is Frechet differentiable.For i=1,2,...,k,let A_i:E→2~E be accretive operators satisfying the range condition and■ A_i~(-1)0≠θ.Let CE be a nonempty closed convex set and satisfy that ■R(I+rA_i),for i=1,2,...,k.A new iterative algorithm with errors is introduced and proved to be weakly convergent to common zero points of accretive operators {A_i}_i~k=1.


ONE of the most successful of the earlier theories of the dielectric eonstant of liquids was that due to Onsager. zl The dielectric constant of the liquid is relatecl to its dipale mament by the following expression: / 91 = 9VkT (c -n 8) (2, + n ~) 4,rN ~ (n ~ + 2) ~ where 9 is the dielectric constant of the liquid, n the refraetive index, V the molar volume, N the Avogadro number, k the Boltzmann constant and T the absolute temperature.


We obtain a new constraint on the CP-violating flavor mixing between the left-handed top scalar quark (˜ t L) and charm scalar quark (˜ c L), by considering a chargino loop contribution to chromo-electric dipole moment of strange quark, which is limited by the electric dipole moment of the neutron and atoms. It is found that the flavor mixing should be suppressed to the level of O(0.1) for the CP phase of order unity. Although it is much stronger than the known constraint from the chargino loop contribution to b → sγ, the moderate constraint we obtain here is argued to leave room for sizable supersymmetric contribution to the CP asymmetry in B 0 d → φK 0 .


In Tharuvaikulam(8053'42"N,78009'56.6"E),
Tuticorin, Tamil Nadu, India, there is a regular drift
gill net (mesh size 120-140 mm) fishery targeting
mainly tunas and seer fishes. The fishing trip is
multiday (5 to 6 days) and the operation is only
during night, with normally one haul per day. In this
gear, bill fishes are also landed being entangled and
not gilled. Normally four species of billfishes are
landed such as Istiophorus platypterus, Tetrapterus
angustirostris, istiompax indica and Xiphias gladius.
On 1.2.13, two numbers of I. indica was landed
along with other fishes.


There's the consideration of the bovine origine from the wild ancestors (Aurochs); the phylogenetical analysis were based on molecular markers >(SNP and STRs) applied to Y chromosome DNA on two italian local breeds, the Burlina and the Valdostana breed.


Nitrogen biogeochemical response to alternative hydrodynamic regimes in estuaries that experience frequent anoxia has major implications for coastal water quality due to the significance of denitrification as a loss pathway for bioavailable nitrogen. The efficiency of nitrogen removal and storage in estuaries is dependent on a range of hydrodynamic and biogeochemical processes, in particular, the position of the salt wedge and effect of associated regions of anoxia. The purpose of this study was to demonstrate how rapidly shifting oxygen concentrations in the periodically anoxic Yarra River estuary, Australia, drive dynamic shifts in nitrogen cycles driving nitrogen assimilation efficiency of the estuary. Unravelling the complexity of the process response of nitrogen cycles in estuaries has been difficult to undertake empirically, so a numerical modelling approach is presented here to quantitatively predict variability in nitrogen assimilation, and demonstrate use as a tool to support optimal estuarine management. A coupled 3D finite volume hydrodynamic-biogeochemical model of the estuary was developed to simulate flow, transport, mixing and biogeochemical reactions of oxygen and nitrogen, and used to quantify nitrogen cycling processes under alternative hydrodynamic regimes that occurred over a period of 12 months. The model was forced by boundary conditions that included meteorological data, inflow from two river sources and a tidally driven water level at the downstream boundary. Simulated concentrations of organic nitrogen, ammonium and nitrate were compared to measured data from field observations to evaluate model fit. Model output of both concentrations and process rates of mineralisation, nitrification, denitrification and sediment fluxes were analysed in relation to upstream nutrient loads under changing hydrodynamic regimes. The model simulated observed patterns of both seasonal and spatial variation of inorganic and organic nitrogen in the estuary. A system-level validation comparing the deviation from mixing line for both ammonia and nitrate against oxygen concentrations also paralleled patterns in observed data. Simulated patterns of oxygen and nitrogen varied significantly over the simulated period both temporally and spatially. Tidal forcing balanced by changes in upstream flow volumes drove patterns of response in oxygen and nitrogen concentrations that varied across the model domain on both episodic and seasonal time-scales. Patterns of net nitrogen flux closely matched patterns of oxygen concentration. On a temporal scale, periods of low flow led to depleted oxygen concentrations, increase in sediment ammonium flux and reduction in rates of denitrification. During the dry summer season, episodic high flow events reversed this pattern over periods of 2-7 days. It was identified that low flows generally lead to an average positive net nitrogen flux across the estuary, whereas increased flows tend to switch the system towards a net negative nitrogen flux. This application has demonstrated that utility of the model to unravelling the complex biogeochemical pathways that determine oxygen and nitrogen response to hydrodynamic regimes in a highly dynamic salt wedge estuary. Of particular interest to estuarine management is the pattern that emerged at the system-scale, whereby the volume of flow required to switch the net nitrogen budget of the estuary from positive (nitrogen source) to negative (nitrogen sink) was linked to the antecedent conditions that vary seasonally.


Abstract 63, 65Cu NQR frequencies, together with their temperature dependence, are reported for several complexes formed between cuprous chloride or bromide and heterocyclic thiones. For bromides the 79,81Br resonances have also been detected. These results indicate that, with one exception, the copper atom is tricoordinated by two sulphur atoms and one halogen. Several of these complexes show phase changes in the range 77-300 K.


AIDS defined by the Center for Disease Control and Prevention as HIV infection with indicator of accompanist disease such as (1) opportunistic infections; (2) cancer; (3) the shrinking syndrome; (4) neurologic disease; and (5) recurrent pneumonia; or HIV infection and CD4 <200 (Valentine, 2007). AIDS is the biggest community health problem in the world. Almost in every country this disease was alive and including in Indonesia (Irianto, 2014). Human immunodeficiency virus was selectively infected and destroys the cell which contain CD4-lymphocyte T4 (helper / inducer) and macrophage / monocyte cell system. The impact of HIV/AIDS was complicated and the nurses are important to help and solve this problem among HIV/AIDS patients. The aims of this paper was to know the nursing care of HIV / AIDS patients with ineffective of airway breathing at Cempaka Pavilion of RSUD Jombang. In this paper, the researcher was gave nursing care to HIV/AIDS patient who had ineffective of airway breathing. The methodology of this study used the nursing process stages of the case with ineffective airway breathing. After giving the nursing care among HIV / AIDS patients, the conclusions of this study are ineffective of airway breathing, inadequate of nutrition, damage of oral mucous membrane, ineffectiveness coping, and intolerance of activities. The success of the treatment depends on the cooperation between patient, family and nurse. Keywords: Immunological System, airway


An f-ring A is an SV f-ring if for every minimal prime ℓ-ideal P of A, A/P is a valuation domain. A topological space X is an SV space if C(X) is an SV f-ring. For normal spaces, several conditions are shown to guarantee the space is an SV space. For example, a normal space of finite rank for which the closure of the set of points of rank greater than 1 is an F-subspace, is an SV space. For normal spaces of rank 2, a characterization of SV spaces is given.


The question of why group-differentiated rights might be a requirement of justice has been a central focus of identity politics in recent decades. I attempt to bring some clarity to this discussion by proposing a typology to track the various ways in which individuals can be harmed or benefited as a consequence of their membership in social groups. It is the well-being of individuals that group-differentiated rights should be understood as protecting, and so clarity on the relationship between group membership and well-being is vital. One of the problems with the way in which such justifications have often been formulated in the past has been that they inadvertently position the group as a handicap to be overcome, rather than a value to be protected. I seek to overcome this limitation by clearly specifying the circumstances under which group membership is a liability, and the circumstances under which it has value. While this distinction is important, in both cases there is a relevant interest at stake, and thus the groundwork can be laid for a defence of group-differentiated rights.


In an age when exploration was at its peak, Francis Cadell s career reads like the quintessential boy s own adventure. Born and raised on the Leith waterfront into a large family of ambitious achievers, he was lured early to a life on the high seas. In 1836 at the age of fourteen, he sailed to China where he ran supplies and ammunition to the besieged city of Canton during the Opium Wars. He then made his way to the Americas where he paddled up the Amazon in a canoe and tried his luck on the Californian goldfields. From there to South-East Asia, India and finally Australia where he settled down long enough to indulge his growing obsession with both steam technology and big rivers. Establishing a paddle steamer fleet on the Murray-Darling river system, this now legendary transport system carried vital supplies to men like Burke and Wills as they struggled to open up the interior. But it was never Cadell s destiny to end his days behind a desk. On the move again, he explored parts of Australia s northern coastline, directed miniature navel operations on the Waikato River during the Maori Wars, and then gravitated back to the tropical waters of Australia s pearling coa


Although the medical profession is slowly realizing that many disorders in the aged must be treated differently than in the young, there is still no proper appreciation of these age differences. Too often, when a patient reaches life‐expectancy age, the physician relaxes his medical attention. It is assumed that the patient will die soon, although the actuarial statistics may show that he has many more years of life. Accordingly, therapy should be more intensive in order to attain the maximal life span.


Lee Benson was one of the first American political historians to suggest a "systematic" revision of traditional political history with its emphasis on narrow economic class analysis, narrative arguments, and over-reliance on qualitative research methodologies. This essay presents Benson's contributions to the "new political history"—an attempt to apply social-science methods, concepts, and theories to American political history—as a social, cultural, and political narrative of Cold War-era American history. Benson belonged to a generation of ex-Communist American historians and political scientists whose scholarship and intellectual projects flowed—in part—out of Marxist social and political debates, agendas, and paradigmatic frameworks, even as they rejected and revised them. The main focus of the essay is the genesis of Benson's pioneering study of nineteenth-century New York state political culture, The Concept of Jacksonian Democracy, with its emphasis on intra-class versus inter-class conflict, sensitivity to ethnocultural determinants of political and social behavior, and reliance on explicit social-science theory and methodology. In what follows, I argue that The Concept of Jacksonian Democracy has its roots in Benson's Popular Front Marxist beliefs, and his decade-long engagement and subsequent disenchantment with American left-wing politics. Benson's growing alienation from Progressive historical paradigms and traditional Marxist analysis, and his attempts to formulate a neo-Marxism attentive to unique American class and political realities, are linked to his involvement with 1940s radical factional politics and his disturbing encounter with internal Communist party racial and ideological tensions in the late 1940s at Cornell University in Ithaca, New York.


I want to consider some features of the position put forward by Julian Barbour in The End of Time that seem to me of particular philosophical interest. At the level of generality at which I'll be concerned with it, the view is relatively easy to describe. It can be arrived at by thinking of time as decomposing in some natural way linearly ordered atomic parts, 'moments', and combining an observation about the internal structure of moments with an epistemological doctrine about our access to the past. The epistemological doctrine, which I'll call 'Presentism', following Butterfield, is the view that our access to the past is mediated by records, or local representations, of it. The observation is that the state of the world at any moment has the structure of what Barbour calls a 'time capsule', which is to say that it constitutes a partial record of its past, it is pregnant with interrelated mutually consistent representations of its own history.


Summary Good flying qualities for approach and landing depend on the selection of a proper response type,and the achievement of dynamic characteristics which fall in the desirable region of certain definedFQ criteria. The concept of response type has been developed to quantify the generic output and inputcharacteristics of the aircraft plus flight-control system (ref. 22). Several response types applicable to theflared landing task include rate command, attitude hold; attitude command, attitude hold; and flightpathcommand, flightpath hold. Experience has shown that the following factors must be considered toachieve desirable approach and landing FQ for the flared landing task.1. Precision control of pitch attitude.2. Precision control of flightpath angle.3. Consonance between flightpath angle and pitch attitude.4. Proper control sensitivity.5. Sufficient authority to change the flightpath with pitch attitude and with adequate margin fordisturbances and pilot error.As described in reference 22 and many previous papers, the aircraft bandwidth WBW and phasedelay parameter -rpare useful metrics to codify and predict FQ for tasks where small amplitude, precision,closed-loop tracking, or regulation is a primary requirement on the pilot-vehicle system. These quantitiesare defined for the case of airplane pitch response to elevator in figure 14. The 45°-phase margin26


This study focuses on the optimal design of distributed energy resource systems with consideration of large-scale uncertainty of energy demands based on decision-making theory. Five integrated modeling and optimization frameworks are developed through the combined use of mixed integer linear programming and uncertainty decision-making criteria (including optimistic criterion, pessimistic criterion, Hurwicz criterion, Laplace criterion, and minimax regret criterion). Superstructure-based mixed integer linear programming models are used for the optimal design and optimal operation of the system where the objective function is to minimize the annual cost. The uncertainty of energy demands is represented by assuming a set of possible scenarios. The proposed methods are applied to the planning of a distributed energy resource system for a hotel in city of Guangzhou, China and their validity and effectiveness are verified. Results show that each method has its specific feature. Optimistic method is risky and recommends a relative small-scale system, while pessimistic method is conservative presenting a relative large-scale system. Hurwicz method is with great subjectivity, making different decisions at different values of optimism coefficient. Both Laplace method and minimax regret method identify a moderate-scale system as the best alternative. Sensitivity analyses on the energy demand scenarios are conducted and results show that the five methods have high sensitivity to the choice of scenarios.


International politics involves the co-ordination and conflict of different countries' interests, and also contains the clash of different ideological principles. Therefore, it is important to consider the political traditions and values of a state when people do research in the state's foreign policies. Among the major world powers, China's foreign policies carry with sinic cultural identities due to its unique cultural traditions. Therefore, away from China's cultural backgrounds, it is hard to study the connotations and deep-seated motives of Chinese foreign policies. This study brings in arguments from three scholars' opinions that refer to Chinese cultures and tries to define the functions of these different Chinese cultures. Based on these, this study will discuss how culture impacts Chinese foreign policy making.


The results of the research showed the implementation of FATHIA character values such as moral values, spiritual, love the environment, honesty, faith, leadership, intellegency, dinamic, superior, helper, creative, and tolerant. The good characters are shown through positive habituation in daily activities program based on FATHIA character values without any force. Thus, it indicated that the implementation of daily activities program in the school is really successful. There are some reccomendations for further research as The implementation of FATHIA character values through the daily activities program (habituation) and the cooperation between teacher, school, and parent are needed, so that it can build the whole implementations of FATHIA character values (civic disposition) among the students.


This paper presents a design and analysis of torque characteristics of a two-phase SRM(Switched Reluctance Motor) for high speed blower system. To reduce the electrical frequency and core losses at high speed region, In order to reduce torque ripple and torque dead-band, variable rotor air-gap structure is adopted and the air-gap is optimized according to torque production. The optimized torque output is verified by the FEM results.


Purpose This study aimed to investigate the incidence of nodal skip metastasis (NSM) to identify the risk factors that influence NSM and to assess the prognostic value of NSM in patients with thoracic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Patients and methods Between January 2009 and December 2013, 285 patients with ESCC with positive lymph nodes who underwent complete resection were enrolled. Results For the entire group, NSM occurred in 32.3% (92/285) of patients. The median survival time and 5-year survival rate in the NSM group were 28 months and 12.0%, respectively, compared with 36.3 months and 25.0%, respectively, in the non-NSM group (P=0.008). Both N stage (P=0.001) and T stage (P=0.014) were associated with the incidence of NSM. NSM (P=0.008), T stage (P=0.000), and N stage (P=0.000) were independent prognostic factors for survival. In the NSM group, T stage (P=0.014) and N stage (P=0.000) were independent prognostic factors for survival. Conclusion It was concluded that NSM is common in ESCC and is associated with poor survival.


The objective of this study is to determine whether machine learning may be used for objective assessment of aesthetic outcomes of auricular reconstructive surgery.


Poverty alleviation program is the key political responsibility and development opportunity of the less developed areas in the Thirteenth Five-Year Plan, and the greatest livelihood projects related to the interests of the poor. "County directly under the provincial finance" is an important part of comprehensively deepening reform, and the firm support and guarantee for Zhouzhi County to alleviate poverty. This paper has described the concept of "county directly under the provincial finance", the meaning of poverty alleviation comprehensively and the significance to realize the aim of Zhouzhi county from a totally new perspective. From the situation of "county directly under the provincial finance", this paper has analyzed and summarized the changes and difficulties since Zhouzhi County enjoyed the benefit, and suggested that to realize building a moderately prosperous society in an all-round way and eliminating poverty comprehensively, Zhouzhi County need to make efforts in the aspects of politics, economy, culture, ecology and society. This paper has provided experience and precautionary measures for Zhouzhi County to improve and perfect the policy of "county directly under the provincial finance" and realize shaking off poverty in an all-round way, and set an example for other regions of Shaanxi province. Keywords—"county directly under the provincial finance", Zhouzhi County, poverty alleviation in an all-round way


Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate how the contingency approach to disaster preparedness inhibits proactive management of slow-onset disasters, such as El Nino, with the purpose of advancing disaster risk theory.

Design/methodology/approach

This study draws on fieldwork data from Narino, Colombia, combined with secondary data and a review of the literature on El Nino and disaster preparedness.

Findings

Disaster managers in Narino do have contingency plans for El Nino events at their disposal. Yet, these plans do not come into play before impacts reach a certain severity. This "contingency approach" to disaster preparedness appears to stem from the assumption that disaster must come before response, effectively inhibiting proactive responses to El Nino impacts.

Research limitations/implications

Attributing observed cases of droughts and oral accounts of impacts to the El Nino phenomenon is methodologically challenging. To overcome this, the aim of this study is not the documentation of subjective attributions. Instead, the focus is on bringing to the fore key dilemmas that preparedness professionals may face when they prepare for disasters with a slow onset.

Practical implications

Developing prevention and preparedness conceptualisations that focus on preemptive measures should ensure a more proactive response to slow-onset disasters.

Originality/value

Whether slow-onset disasters lend themselves to the same types of risk reduction strategies applied to rapid-onset disasters is a theoretical and practical issue that has not been explored sufficiently in the disaster risk literature.


In light of the fact that the vertical vibration acceleration is on the high side on the loaded double-deck container flat car, on the basis of the test results from operation on track, the causes to the acceleration being on the high side are analyzed from the angle of resilient vibration of the cars.


The actions of the hydroalcoholic extract (HE) of Rauwolfia ligustrina (the whole plant) on agonist‐induced contractions were analysed in the rat uterus and guinea‐pig ileum and trachea, and also in rat atrium contracting spontaneously in‐vitro.


The agro-industrial complex of the Republic of Moldova operates in risky conditions. Due to its geographical location, the territory of the republic falls within the area with insufficient and unstable humidity. The annual amount of atmospheric precipitation varies between 380 and 550 mm. Long-term research has established that the main limiting natural factor in obtaining high and stable harvests is the low level of accessibility of plants to accessible water. In the conditions of the republic one of the most effective measures to optimize the soil moisture regime is irrigation. Obviously, it does not exclude the application of agrotechnical processes for storing water in the soil. Soil irrigation as a method of improving water regime has been known since ancient times, but so far there are a number of complicated problems related to the reaction of some soil types to changes in water regime and water quality used for irrigation. Thus, the irrigation of chernozems with mineralized water (> 3000 mg/l) does not cause essential changes in the soil adsorbent complex and does not lead to its secondary salinization. The works carried out aimed at testing and assessing the effectiveness of methods to prevent and combat soil degradation during irrigation. The results of the researches highlight the following: the use of good quality water in the irrigation of chernozems has as a consequence the weak decalcification of the plowed layer, the reduction of the hydrostability of the structure and its compaction; irrigation of chernozemic soils with surface and deep (alkaline) water leads to secondary alkalization and solonization, degradation of the structure, peptization of fine clay, secondary compaction and reduction of water permeability; the degrading effect of chernozems irrigation with water of poor quality can be mitigated by applying organo-calcium amendments or treating the water used with soluble calcium compounds. The experimental polygon from Cozești commune, Singerei district, is located on a straight slope with a south-eastern exposure, with a slope of 2%. The soil is presented by ordinary chernozem strongly deep humic clay-loam. It is irrigated for 9 years. The water used is deep water with an unfavorable chemical composition and a strongly alkaline reaction. The evolution of secondary pedological processes and changes in physical and chemical properties in irrigated soils were established by the method of "pair profiles" (irrigated soil and non-irrigated soil). This method is widely used in pedo-ameliorative study and is considered feasible in the quantitative determination of soil characteristics.


I appreciate the time and effort expended by the members of the WHO (EHC 16) Working Group (WG) in response to my review of Environmental Health Criteria 16 (Radiat. Res. 92, 217-219 (1982)). This does not, however, vitiate the need to clarify several statements in their letter. Without wishing to prolong the debate, the need for historical and scientific accuracy dictates that I comment on several points made by the EHC 16 Working Group as noted in specific paragraphs of their letter. 3rd paragraph: "For many years the primary interaction of microwave and RF radiation with living systems was considered almost exclusively in terms of electromagnetic field theory (Schwan, 1976, 1978)."


The sucrose phosphorylase gene of an isolate, Leuconostoc mesenteroides No. 165, was amplified by PCR, cloned on pUC118, and expressed in E. coli. The nucleotide sequence of the gene showed 96.3% similarity to that of L. mesenteroides ATCC12291 and 67% to that of Streptococcus mutans, but low similarity to the Agrobacterium vitis gene. The cloned gene, which fusing with lacZalpha, was expressed inducibly with IPTG in E. coli to produce an active enzyme in large quantities that accounted for about 50% of the total cell protein.


The reaction between α-trimethylsilylvinyl carbanions and carboxylic acid derivatives gives α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds which, under the reaction conditions, undergo further conjugate addition. Further reactions can also occur, depending upon the reactivities of the enolates and of the carboxylic acid derivatives.


Abscisic acid (ABA) metabolism is complex involving biosynthesis, conjugation, and catabolism. Differences in ABA metabolism (ABA, ABA-related metabolites, and transcripts) in response to water deficit (WD) were detected in leaves and roots of four Vitis species differing in drought tolerance: Vitis vinifera (Cabernet Sauvignon), Vitis champinii (Ramsey), Vitis riparia (Riparia Gloire), and Vitis vinifera x girdiana (SC2). Concentrations of ABA and ABA-related metabolites increased after moderate or severe WD depending on species, organ, and time. Differences in ABA, glycosylated-ABA, and ABA catabolite concentrations, as well as previously investigated related transcript abundances, revealed differences in ABA metabolism pathways among the species and organs. NCED3 was a key gene in the WD response of leaves and roots of all species. NCED3 transcript abundance and ABA concentration in drought-tolerant Ramsey increased earlier and to a greater extent than other species. These species provide informative genetic resources to study ABA metabolism and drought tolerance further.


The Spanish-language edition of the best-selling Your Baby's First Year. Covering everything from preparing for childbirth to baby's first steps, this easy-to-use format addresses parents' medical worries, safety concerns, well-baby questions, and so much more. There's even a month-to-month guide to growth, behavior, and development for baby's first year. It's state-of-the-art advice from the AAP, and, it's an ideal gift for Spanish-speaking parents and moms-to-be.


–In this paper a new method is proposed for calculation of all stabilizing PI controllers for coupled tank multiinput multi-output (MIMO) process. By plotting the stability boundary locus in the (kp,ki) plane for coupled tank multivariable process after applying the decoupling technique, the stabilizing PI controller parameters are computed. The technique proposed does not require sweeping over the parameters and also does not need linear programming t o solve set of inequalities. This method is also used to obtain the all stabilizing PI controllers which achieve user specified gain and phase margins. Keywords––MIMO, Coupled tank, Boundary locus, Stabilization, Decoupler


A system for solvent extraction at elevated temperature and pressure has been constructed from parts of HPLC and GC instruments. The apparatus has been used successfully to remove benzene, toluene, ethyl benzene, p-xylene and cumene from vapour-fortified clay soil. Quantitative recoveries (100 ± 10%) were obtained for all analytes, provided the collection vial was cooled to around –3 °C in an ice–salt mixture. When the performance was compared with that of a commercial, accelerated solvent extraction system, similar levels of ethyl benzene, p-xylene and cumene were extracted. However, the recoveries and, in particular, the reproducibility were significantly better for benzene and toluene with the system developed.


Sir,

Anti-glomerular basement membrane (GBM) nephritis is an autoimmune disease characterized by IgG antibodyformation against the α3 (IV)NCI non-collagenous region of type IV collagen resulting in rapid progressive glomerulonephritis and, ultimately, renal failure when left untreated [1]. Several novel agents have been used when conventional therapy fails to suppress antibody formation. We describe the case of a young woman with severe anti-GBM disease who had persistently high antibody titres despite conventional therapy, experiencing successful antibody suppression after rituximab was added to her therapeutic regimen.

A 20-year-old woman presented at the emergency department with acute, oliguric renal failure due to glomerulonephritis. Creatinine level was 624 mmol/L, urea level was 16 mmol/L, and 24-h protein excretion was 6.2 g. Anti-GBM titre was positive with 270 units, while ANCA-P3/MPO and ANA were negative.

The diagnosis of anti-GBM glomerulonephritis was made, and plasmapheresis was initiated while the patient was started on methylprednisolone 1 g i.v. for 3 days followed by 1 mg/kg and cyclophosphamide 2 mg/kg, both orally.

At Day 21, after 17 sessions of plasmapheresis with 3 L plasma volumes, the anti-GBM titre remained elevated at 180 units, and proteinuria worsened to 40 g/day.

Rituximab was initiated at a dose of 375 mg/m2 with a 2-week interval. Four days after first rituximab treatment, the anti-GBM titre dropped to 130 units, and 11 days later the titre had further decreased to 85 units. Four weeks after the first dose of rituximab and 2 months after the diagnosis was made, the anti-GBM titre had dropped to below reference level, while proteinuria declined to 2 g/24 h and creatinine clearance rose to 32 (Modification of Diet in Renal Disease formula). Phenotyping of peripheral lymphocytes showed B cells to be almost completely absent.

The use of rituximab in anti-GBM nephritis has only been described in case studies, with mixed outcome, but its use has been successfully studied as adjuvant or salvage therapy in antibody-mediated autoimmune diseases such as autoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura, autoimmune haemolytic anaemia, systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis. [2–4] The production of antibody depends on the antigenically driven clonal expansion of B cells into antibody-producing effector plasma cells. Plasma cells are short-lived cells, and survival of the populations depends on differentiation from their progenitor B cells [5]. B-cell ablation with rituximab could prevent further plasma cell and subsequent antibody formation, extinguishing the inflammatory anti-GBM response.

In our case, the anti-GBM titre did not decrease below reference level even though 51 L of plasma volume had been exchanged, suggesting a high rate of antibody formation. The rapid decline of antibody titre and proteinuria could very well have been due to a late effect of simultaneous earlier therapy, but the theory behind the use of rituximab does not rule out that the rituximab might have had beneficial effect on antibody formation.

Conflict of interest statement. None declared.


Hydrothermal synthesis method was used to prepare the calcium sulfate whisker because of the dissolving characteristics of phosphogypsum.The influences of slurry mass fraction,reaction temperature,stirring speed,and reaction time on growth of calcium sulfate whisker,and the crystal growth mechanism were discussed.It will provide theoretical basis for the calcium sulfate whisker's commercial process.


To promote the industrialization development of millet,and meet the diverse needs of the market,a new millet variety Jigu 30,the first waxy and white millet variety was developed by breeding technology system on target character gene bank.It was approved by the National Millet Variety Certification Committee in 2008.It had some prominent characters as follows:(1) The character of waxy and white millet was aggregated together.It filled the blank that there was no waxy and white millet variety in production.The amylopectin content was up to 97.67%,which was 2.45% higher than that of waxy and yellow millet variety Niangu No.1 developed by Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences.(2) Rice and flour were all sticky.It changed the situation that the rice was sticky but flour not sticky of waxy millet varieties.(3)The yield of Jigu 30 reached to the production level,which was on the same level with that of the control variety Yugu No.5.


A branching random field is considered as a model of either of two situations in genetics in which migration or dispersion plays a role. Specifically we consider the expected number of individuals NA in a (geographical) set A at time t, the covariance of NA and NB for two sets A, B, and the probability I(x, y, u) that two individuals found at locations x, y at time t are of the same genetic type if the population is subject to a selectively neutral mutation rate u. The last also leads to limit laws for the average degree of relationship of individuals in various types of branching random fields. We also find the equations that the mean and bivariate densities satisfy, and explicit formulas when the underlying migration process is Brownian motion.


Radiation absorption parameters of carbon fiber panel were measured in comparison to acrylic panel. sized 2mm thick carbon fiber panel and identical sized 6mm thick acrylic panel were placed in tray holder position and 0cm, 5cm, 10cm from surface of phantom. Radiation field size was . 50MU of 4MV photon was irradiated to the phantom with dose rate of 300MU/min. Source-to-phantom distance was 120cm. Radiation dose was measured with 0.6cc Farmer-type ionization chamber with 1cm build-up. Measurement was repeated thrice and normalization was done to the dose of the open field. Radiation transmission rate of carbon fiber panel is approximately 1% lower than acrylic panel of equivalent thickness. However, considering the strength of the material, transmission rate is higher for carbon fiber panel. Although carbon fiber panel increases the radiation dose when attached to the surface for about 2%, it normalizes the radiation dose to 97-99% of irradiated dose which could have been lowered to as much as 5-7.5% with acrylic panel. As carbon fiber panel is stronger than acrylic panel, radiation fixation device could be made thinner and thus lighter and furthermore, with increased radiation transmission. This in turn makes carbon fiber more ideal material for radiation fixation device over conventionally used acrylic.


Objective
To investigate the clinical feasibility and value of the application of the inferior phrenic vein as the marker in retroperitoneal laparoscopic single-site adrenalectomy for the treatment of left adrenal disease.

Methods
The clinical data of 48 patients (male: n=21, female: n=27, average age=43 years) who underwent retroperitoneal laparoscopic left adrenalectomy from July 2015 to December 2016 were retrospectively analyzed. The operation was performed through the relative non vascular approach between the superior and the posterior of renal adipose capsule and the posterior layer of the Gerota fascia. The left inferior phrenic vein was used as the anatomical landmark to search for and ligate the central vein.

Results
Forty eight operations were performed successfully. The average operation time was 28 min. The mean blood loss was 20 ml. The recovery time of bowel function and ambulation time were 20 hours and 16 hours respectively. The average postoperative hospital stay was 5 days. Forty five of 48 patients had symptomatic diapperance or improvement except for 2 cases with adenoma and 1 patient with cortical hyperplasia.

Conclusions
Using inferior phrenic vein as a marker in retroperitoneal laparoscopic left single-site adrenalectomy that could locate and control the central vein quickly, redue blood loss and blood pressure fluctuations.

Key words:
Inferior phrenic vein; Single-site; Adrenalectomy; Anatomy


Reactions of [Li{E(SiMe3)2}(dme)](E = As or Sb, dme = MeOCH2CH2OMe), with a range of acid chlorides, RCOCl, afforded the novel 2-arsa-1,3-dionatolithium(I) complexes [[graphic omitted]}L](R = But, L =½ dme or Et2O; R = C6H2Pri3-2,4,6, L = Et2O; R = C6H2But3-2,4,6, L = dme), and the first example of a 2-stiba-1,3-dionatolithium(I) complex [{[graphic omitted]}(dme)0.5]2}∞]. X-Ray crystal structural analyses for the complexes with R = But, L =½ dme or Et2O and the antimony compound show them to be dimeric in the solid state with respect to the metal and anionic ligands, the dimeric units being linked in an infinite polymeric chain by bridging dme molecules or solvated with Et2O. A dimeric structure can also be inferred when R = C6H2Pri3-2,4,6, L = Et2O. In solution these four compounds display fluxional behaviour. Treatment with HCl of the monomeric compound having R = C6H2But3-2,4,6, L = dme yields the known diacylarsane [As{C(C6H2But3-2,4,6)O}{C(C6H2But3-2,4,6)OH}] the crystal structure of which reveals the enol form with the alcoholic proton intramolecularly hydrogen bonded to the opposing oxygen centre of the ligand.


Pacific Power International carried out an investigation of the 8.5 km overland conveyor system which supplies coal from Hunter Valley's collieries to both Bayswater and Liddell Power Stations. The investigation included field tests which were performed for power requirement and take-up movement for both loaded and unloaded conditions. Two calculation methods used in the analysis of the experimental data have shown that the current ISO/DIN standards may need to be revised in terms of friction factor selection for conveyor design.


This study is focused to reveal the consciousness of death in children's story written between 1908 and 2010, through nine writers such as Bang...


A self-phasing receive array based on the phase-detection and phase-shifting architecture is demonstrated in the S-band. The array is capable of selectively steering toward a specific observation frequency in an RF environment composed of multiple signals of varying frequencies. RF target tracking is reported over a ±60° range at 2.3, 2.4, and 2.5 GHz.


Nowadays face recognition system usage is increasing day by day to provide better security mechanism. But with the face recognition system, there are some spoofing methods also attached using which the system can be befooled easily. These attacks are simple and easy as they cost less and the images can also be easily retrieved from social sites; therefore there are high chances of them to be successful. Still there is a scarcity of a productive anti-spoofing algorithm to resolve this issue. The aim of this paper is to present a method which can be used for identification of the spoof. A method is proposed which takes the live video streaming input from the user and perform Liveness detection on the user based on the eye blinking movement and for face feature extraction Histogram of Oriented Gradient (HOG) is used as it proves to be an effective feature descriptor in the face recognition. Two classifiers k Nearest Neighbour (kNN) and Neural Network (NN) are used for the classification purpose. The work is performed on the self created Database and implementation is performed in MATLAB for better understanding, visualization and programming. The performance results of the kNN and NN classifier are compared and finally it is concluded that which classifier outperforms the other one.


The carbon cycle is related to biotic and abiotic processes on Earth, and the dynamic equilibriums used to be approximately steady among each carbon reservoir. The balance between fast and slow carbon cycles was shifted, however, since humans started burning fossil fuels and clearing forests massively in the recent two centuries. The imbalance (emission > absorption) among known data suggests that there is a missing carbon sink. In order to narrow down the uncertainty of the carbon flux and to determine the missing carbon sink, focuses of carbon budget studies have changed from global to regional assessments. The aim of this dissertation is to improve the regional carbon budget through analyzing controlling factors in different aquatic systems.
 The first part of the dissertation is about the fluvial system. The discussion includes the dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), dissolved organic carbon (DOC), particulate inorganic carbon (PIC), and particulate organic carbon (POC) of rivers around the South China Sea and in the tropical regions. The DIC concentration increases with the averaged base saturation and the cation exchange capacity for clay in each basin. The DOC concentration exhibits a positive correlation with the soil organic carbon content but a negative correlation with the bulk density of soil. The PIC and POC percentages of the total suspended matter decrease with increasing concentrations of total suspended matter. The river with high DOC concentration usually is relatively low in the DIC concentration, and the DOC concentrations vary depending on the geographical distribution. The rivers with high DOC concentrations are generally located between 3°N to 6°S, and the DIC concentrations of these rivers are relatively lower than those in other regions. The total riverine carbon fluxes around the South China Sea and in the tropical region are 89.4±60.1 Tg C and 0.53±0.36 Pg C per year, respectively. The global riverine DOC flux is 0.197±0.099 Pg C per year.
 The dissertation also studies the Middle Atlantic Bight. There is generally a complex hydrography on continental shelves due to mixing of riverine input and open ocean waters through tide, upwelling and other physical mechanisms. There are four main water masses (plume, shelf, slope and Gulf Stream waters) in the Middle Atlantic Bight, and this study adopts salinity and temperature of each water mass as end members to calculate physical mixing percentages of main water masses. Differences between the field data and the theoretical physical mixing data are taken to be due to biological effects. The results show that the upwelled slope water provides nutrients to the shelf area and benefits the fixing of the inorganic carbon to the organic carbon.
 The open ocean is relatively steady compared with the continental shelf. Yet, large-scale oceanic events like El Nino or other interannual changes still influence the seawater characteristics. The seawater in the Taiwan Strait originates from the South China Sea and the West Philippine Sea water masses, and the mixing ratios vary with seasons and other events. This study suggests that the seawater in the Taiwan Strait receives the most obvious influence of El Nino/La Nina events with a seven-month lag. The maximum concentrations of nutrients are significantly higher during the summer, seven months after a La Nina event (La Nina-7), than in other seasons. However, biological activities also affected these chemical parameters. In spring, active photosynthesis consumes more nutrients and hydrogen ion concentrations in La Nina-7 periods than in normal-7 periods. Therefore, the horizontal carbon flux is not only effected by the water masses percentage, but also by biological actives obviously. This study considers different controlling factors in induvial regional aquatic systems, and aims to improve the estimation of regional carbon budget. Future research should focus on how to synthesize and quantify these factors in regional ecosystems.


Identification of deceased individuals based on dental characteristics is receiving increased attention, especially with the large volume of victims encountered in mass disasters. In this work we consider three important problems in automated dental identification beyond the basic approach of tooth-to-tooth matching.
The first problem is on automatic classification of teeth into incisors, canines, premolars and molars as part of creating a data structure that guides tooth-to-tooth matching, thus avoiding illogical comparisons that inefficiently consume the limited computational resources and may also mislead the decision-making. We tackle this problem using principal component analysis and string matching techniques. We reconstruct the segmented teeth using the eigenvectors of the image subspaces of the four teeth classes, and then call the teeth classes that achieve least energy-discrepancy between the novel teeth and their approximations. We exploit teeth neighborhood rules in validating teeth-classes and hence assign each tooth a number corresponding to its location in a dental chart. Our approach achieves 82% teeth labeling accuracy based on a large test dataset of bitewing films.
Because dental radiographic films capture projections of distinct teeth; and often multiple views for each of the distinct teeth, in the second problem we look for a scheme that exploits teeth multiplicity to achieve more reliable match decisions when we compare the dental records of a subject and a candidate match. Hence, we propose a hierarchical fusion scheme that utilizes both aspects of teeth multiplicity for improving teeth-level (micro) and case-level (macro) decision-making. We achieve a genuine accept rate in excess of 85%.
In the third problem we study the performance limits of dental identification due to features capabilities. We consider two types of features used in dental identification, namely teeth contours and appearance features. We propose a methodology for determining the number of degrees of freedom possessed by a feature set, as a figure of merit, based on modeling joint distributions using copulas under less stringent assumptions on the dependence between feature dimensions. We also offer workable approximations of this approach.


In recent years, the use of drill string automated processing systems on offshore drilling platform has become more and more widespread, and it not only can improve the efficiency of workers, but also can reduce the labor intensity. In order to make the automatic system more intelligent and more efficient in the whole process, in this paper, we designed a set of adjustable speed drill delivery system, which is based on PID control algorithm. It can not only improve the efficiency of the automated catwalks machine conveying pipe, but also ensure the quick and efficient production.


Since the early 1980s, Iran has tried to export its model for Islamic revolution, striving to become a hegemonic force in the Middle East. Iran also hoped to restore the glory of the ancient Persian Empire, which is such an important part of Iran's history and a source of national pride. A great Persian civilization had existed long before the original Muslims stormed out of Arabia and conquered Persia, converting the Persians to Islam in the process.


Equilibrium absorption and desorption isotherms of water vapor on a sillica gel were measured at 288, 298, and 308 K. Isotherms were of type I according to Brunauer's classification and provided a single characteristic curve when correlated according to Polanyl's potential theory. Literature data on different samples of silica gel exhibited different uptake capacity from each other and from the present data. The uptake capacity at 298 K did not change significantly when regeneration temperatures were varied in the range of 373-442 K, nor when the regenration time was increased from 4 to 16 h


The growth characteristics of Hemifusus tuba larvae in early phase are investigated with indoor condition.The results show that the 10 d growth rate outpaces others and the maximal growth rate of 10 d in length at different stages is identified as being 186.7%,the maximal growth rate in weight being 313.2%.But the growth rate decline gradually at the later stages.The logarithm mode is fitted on the basis of body weight and feeding days,which can be expressed as W=21.494lnd+2.034 3(R2=0.978 3).The power mode is fitted on the basis of body length and feeding days,which is L=0.038 8d2.506 9(R2=0.962).The power model is fitted on the basis of body weight and length,that is,W=0.000 1L2.770 8(R2=0.956 9).The viability in different stages is found to be more than 80%.When body length is beyond 21.9 mm,the death of larvaes reduces gradually and the survival rate range from 91.6% to 99.7%.The meat output ratio at different stages is more than 50%.


We report results of wave-packet calculations of the reaction probabilities for the O(1D)+HCl(v=0,j,K)→ClO+H, OH+Cl, reactions, using a recent ab initio potential energy surface [K. A. Peterson, S. Skokov, and J. M. Bowman, J. Chem. Phys. 111, 2445 (1999)]. We find a striking effect of the initial rotation and alignment of HCl on the product branching ratio.


The junctions for p-type source/drain and extensions for sub-100 nm technology nodes can be formed by using low energy beamline implantation, plasma doping, or elevated source/drain approaches in conjunction with various thermal processing methods. An important objective for sub-100 nm junction engineering is incorporation and activation of desired level of dopant in the junction region. In this article, the interaction between Si preamorphization implantation and boron implantation has been investigated by using secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS), triple crystal x-ray diffraction (XRD), and four point probe measurements. The dopant profile abruptness is found to be a function of boron energy and the Si+ ion dose and energy. Results demonstrate that an increase in Si energy by 10 keV yields ∼100 A shallower and more abrupt boron profiles. Crystallinity of the implanted layer after thermal treatment has been characterized by the triple crystal XRD technique. The XRD rocking curve data correlated well w...


Purpose
This study aims to show that the manner of fabric deformation during relaxation depends upon the twill angle line and its direction (twill S or Z). The quantity of the skewness is related to the float length and the twill angle in reverse, with the warp tension when changed from cotton to lycra filling yarns.

Design/methodology/approach
The experimental analytical method.

Findings
The most significant goals presented from this investigation are cost savings, time of production and metaphorically; new demands on denim fabric patterns presented.

Originality/value
Moving away from just chasing cheap, more innovative and progressive for manufacturing and end users search for denim, this paper served to shift the market share map for denim manufacturers, which is looks on nearly the most common problem facing the denim industry; skewness.


The analytic forms of the asymptotic quasinormal frequencies of a coupled scalar field in the Garfinkle–Horowitz–Strominger dilaton spacetime are investigated by using the monodromy technique proposed by Motl and Neitzke. It is found that the asymptotic quasinormal frequencies depend not only on the structure parameters of the background spacetime, but also on the coupling between the scalar fields and gravitational field. Moreover, our results show that only in the minimally coupled case, i.e., ξ tends to zero, the real parts of the asymptotic quasinormal frequencies agree with Hod's conjecture, THln 3.


We present the preliminary results of a search for diffractive W{sup {plus_minus}} production in p{bar p} collisions at {radical}s=1800 GeV. The events used in this search were obtained with the CDF detector by triggering on a high Pt lepton and missing E{sub T}. Diffractive W`s are tagged by the requirement of a rapidity gap on one side of the {eta}-region. In events with rapidity gaps, the number of diffractive events is determined by using the correlations expected between the {eta} of the lepton, or the sign of its charge, with the side (p or {anti p}) of the rapidity gap. We find that the ratio of diffractive to non-diffractive events is R = 0.56 {plus_minus} 1.0% (statistical only). This ratio has been calculated to be 17.2% assuming a pomeron with a hard structure function made up of q{bar q}pairs of the four light quarks.


Markets for information and entertainment are frequently characterized by increasing returns to scale in production and distribution. This implies that incumbent technologies enjoy an advantage over newcomer technologies; such markets can become locked into an inferior technology. Governments often heavily influence media markets through both direct ownership and censorship. I present a dynamic model with heterogeneity among consumers and firms in order to analyze the role of censorship in media markets. I assume there is a negative consumption externality across consumers and a negative cost spillover which an incumbent producer imposes on a newcomer. In a decentralized equilibrium, there is over-production of media from the incumbent technology. This reduces consumer utility and engenders lock-in of the inferior incumbent technology. I model censorship as a tax on information produced under the incumbent technology. A central planner who censors incumbent media can improve upon the decentralized equilibrium by reducing negative consumption externalities and unlocking the superior technology. I also show that censorship is only Pareto optimal when coupled with lump-sum transfers across consumers.


The study sets out to examine empirically the use of Internet in education process in Russia. Socio-demographic determinants of use of Internet for educational purposes, to obtain reference information or to learn the news are studied. The sample represents entire population of Russia. Significant age and gender differences in Internet use for educational purposes are discovered. Influence of satisfaction with financial status on Internet use is weak, while it is the education level of respondents which acts as the most powerful determinant of Internet use for educational purposes. DOI: 10.5901/mjss.2015.v6n3p660


To investigate the immunosuppressive effects of FK520,splenocytes from BALB/c mice were stimulated with(ConA),and T lymphocytes derived from DO(11.10) transgenic mice were enriched by nylon wool and then incubated with OVA_(323-329) peptide plus APC.Separately,5 weeks old nonobese diabetic(NOD) mice(n=20) were divided into two groups randomly and immunized by intramuscular injection with FK520(10 mg/kg) or with an equal volume of the dissolvent twice a week.The effects of FK520 on the body weight,blood sugar and insulitis of NOD mice were observed.The proliferations induced either by ConA or by specific antigen peptides could be inhibited by FK520 in a dose dependent manner.In addition,the IDDM incidence of NOD mice was reduced significantly by FK520(P0.05),which delayed the onset of the disease.From the observations in the present study,it is evident that FK520 shows a potent immunosuppressive effect and can be used as a potential therapeutic agent for autoimmune diseases.


In the paper, a noncontact conductivity detection method based on the eddy current sensors is designed and analyzed. The sensors consist of an excitation coil and a sensing coil. A finite element (FM) model of the two coaxial coils is established for numerical simulation. Numerical analysis and finite element simulations are employed to analyze the relationship between the conductivity of the measured object and the amplitude and phase of the voltage on the sensing coil. Then the excitation frequency and the spacing between the two coils are optimized. The phase of the voltage on the sensing coil is found to be proportional to the conductivity of the measured object. Experiments are carried out and the results show that the proposed method is feasible for conductivity detection.


Introduction: Venipuncture has been practiced for centuries and is still one of the most common invasive procedures in health care. However, practice varies considerably between countries and between institutions and individuals within the same country. The purpose of this study was to examine the association between nurses' clinical performance and the level of pain and anxiety experienced by children during venipuncture procedures.Methods: Participants were conveniently enrolled in this prospective cross-sectional study, the pain and anxiety levels of 400 children aged 6-12 years old were measured and correlated with measurements of clinical performance by 20 nurses during the venipuncture procedure. A major pediatric hospital in Iraqi Kurdistan recruited patients for 3 months between September 2019 and August 2020.Results: The study found that there was no statistically significant difference in the overall clinical performance of male and female nurses or between those who worked in different departments. However, nurses with a higher level of education, whether working in the public or private sector, had higher levels of clinical performance. The level of pain and anxiety of children during venipuncture decreased significantly in relation to increased levels of nurse performance (r-values: −0.137 and −0.137), which included both their pain-related performance (r-values: −0.224 and −0.229) and their anxiety-related performance (r-values: −0.177 and −0.204; p < 0.0001). The factors contributing to higher levels of clinical performance by the nurses during venipuncture procedures were a higher level of education, sufficient sleep and working in the medical department, being older in age, and having longer clinical experience.Conclusions: This study highlights that children's pain and anxiety decreased when nurses' clinical performance levels increased. The levels of pain and anxiety in the children were significantly decreased in those patients who received better clinical treatment from nurses during the venipuncture procedure.


This paper presents different miniature wireless brain computer interfaces (BCI) enabling synchronized optogenetics and electrophysiology recording for various experimental conditions. These devices, which are entirely built using commercial off-the-shelf components, are validated in-vivo with small transgenic mice. First, a system including 32 electrophysiological recording channels and up to 32 high-power optical stimulation channels is presented. It can process 32 neuronal signals in parallel with high compression ratio using an embedded digital field-programmable gate array (FPGA) signal processor performing spike detection and data compression in-situ. Then, an advanced version featuring equivalent characteristics, but having the third of the size and the weight is presented. The design of a third system dedicated to small freely moving animals is presented. It includes 4 electrophysiological recording channels and 1 high-power optical stimulation channel. In-vivo result obtained in freely moving mice with this system are reported. This latter system performs aggressive data reduction using a resource optimized spike detector running on a low-power microcontroller unit. Finally, a multichannel optical stimulator operating within a network of up to 6 active devices is presented for enabling optogenetic behavioral experiments with several mice at once. These different wireless BCI all provide a multimodal access to brain activity through optogenetics and large-scale electrophysiology.


It is the purpose of this paper to call attention to the presence of systolic murmur heard over the lower abdominal aorta associated with symptoms due to reduced blood flow to the lower extremities. It is found most frequently in arteriosclerosis obliterans. A review of the American and British literature reveals no similar report. Undoubtedly many clinicians have long noted this murmur, but have not been aware of its significance in peripheral vascular diseases. Abdominal auscultation has been neglected as a method of physical diagnosis. Little has appeared in the literature except to minimize its value. Auscultation of the arteries in peripheral vascular disease has likewise been relegated to a minor role (1, 2) . Not since Duroziez (3) in 1861, has any special importance been attached to auscultation of the arteries. He reported on the presence of a double


The Bose–Chaudhuri–Hocquenghem (BCH) codes have been studied for more than 57 years and have found wide application in classical communication system and quantum information theory. In this paper, we study the construction of quantum codes from a family of q2-ary BCH codes with length n=q2m+1 (also called antiprimitive BCH codes in the literature), where q≥4 is a power of 2 and m≥2. By a detailed analysis of some useful properties about q2-ary cyclotomic cosets modulo n, Hermitian dual-containing conditions for a family of non-narrow-sense antiprimitive BCH codes are presented, which are similar to those of q2-ary primitive BCH codes. Consequently, via Hermitian Construction, a family of new quantum codes can be derived from these dual-containing BCH codes. Some of these new antiprimitive quantum BCH codes are comparable with those derived from primitive BCH codes.


function, inflammation, hemostasis, and other functions. Two kinds of studies may help clarify the role of albumin. First, using animal models of hypoalbuminemia and peripheral artery disease could clarify the effect of albumin although these models may be complicated by nephropathy. Second, create a scoring system based on albumin status to predict outcomes, since Mazokopakis et al and we agree albumin is a convenient but rather a rough tool. 1,2 The clinical impact will depend on


In the context of China's New Urbanization Strategy, a growing number of cities are beginning to experience significant changes in their intra-city structure and size distribution, but systematic research is still lacking. This paper investigated the intra city-size distribution of 214 cities in China's Yangtze River Delta Region (YRDR) from 1990 to 2020. The study used the Pareto index to portray the equalization differences in intra city-size distribution, and investigated the heterogeneity of its influencing factors using multiscale geographically weighted regression (MGWR). The results showed that most of the cities in the YRDR had a city-size distribution consistent with a Pareto distribution but still tended to be polarized. Among them, the better-developed large cities and regions were more consistent with the Zipf distribution, as were the county-level cities and prefecture-level cities. In terms of spatio-temporal distribution, the intra city-size distribution showed a spatial agglomeration pattern of "polarization in the west and equalization in the east" and the scope and intensity of cold and hot spots reduced. Regarding driving factors, land, industry, and population were essential influences on the intra city-size distribution. Of these, the natural environment and location were important global influencing factors, and economic and social factors only had a more significant influence in 1990 and 2020. The impact of industry restructuring gradually increased, and the population was a significant influence only in the early years. By exploring the intra city-size distribution, this paper provides a scientific basis for the optimization of town structure and policy formulation in small and medium-sized cities, and some new concerns have been proposed.


Objective To observe the efficacy and toxicity of trastuzumab,Epirubicin,Oxaliplatin and Capecitabine on Her-2 overexpressing advanced grastric cancer.Methods All patients were treated by trastuzumab and EOX for 4~6 cycles.trastuzumab 8mg/kg iv d1 at the first time and then 6mg/kg;Epirubicin 50 mg/m2 iv d1;Oxaliplatin 100mg/m2 iv d1;Capecitabine 1250mg/m2 p.o twice a day;d1~14;repeated 21 days.Results The effective rate were 47.6%,the median over survivl time was 14.2 months.Conclusions Trastuzumab combined with EOX were efficient and safety in the treatment of patients with Her-2 overexpressing advanced grastric cancer.It deserves further application.


Logic control is used to govern both discrete event systems such as manufacturing systems, pallets and AGVs, and continuous time systems, to perform start-up sequences of different control loops, to activate emergency procedures, to handle faults and protection devices, to configure controllers' parameters. When dealing with complex automation systems, inevitably the design involves a number of people and of phases, so that its development and its maintenance is often a source of troubles. In this respect, precious criteria are the standardization, the modularization and the late refinement (that is the possibility to refine a design at the latest possible moment). The paper is based on these concepts, and in particular discusses modeling, analysis, and a synthesis procedure.<<ETX>>


Fascinating but also intensive in terms of learning: This is how medical students describe anatomy in the preclinical part of their studies. Knowledge about the human anatomy is absolutely essential during university and after it. The great amount of study matter seems to be insurmountable at first. However, as soon as one realizes the order of the system, a spark of fascination emerges. Thus, the dissection course provides the first contact to a patient – even if he is lifeless. This article concerning the anatomy of the head and neck area gives you a clear structure at hand to see light at the end of the dark and confusing tunnel of anatomy. Also, the parts concerning the ventral and infrahyoid neck muscles will help.


Dominic Connor's divisive opinion that "Working at CERN is one step up from having any old PhD" ("For the record", July p3) has really sent my blood pressure through the roof!


This article presents a method for solving large-scale linear inverse problems regular- ized with a nonlinear, edge-preserving penalty term such as the total variation or Perona-Malik. In the proposed scheme, the nonlinearity is handled with lagged diffusivity fixed point iteration which involves solving a large-scale linear least squares problem in each iteration. Because the convergence of Krylov methods for problems with discontinuities is notoriously slow, we propose to accelerate it by means of priorconditioning. Priorconditioning is a technique which embeds the information contained in the prior (expressed as a regularizer in Bayesian framework) directly into the forward operator and hence into the solution space. We derive a factorization-free priorconditioned LSQR algorithm, allowing implicit application of the preconditioner through efficient schemes such as multigrid. The resulting method is matrix-free i.e. the forward map can be defined through its action on a vector. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme on a three-dimensional problem in fluorescence diffuse optical tomography using algebraic multigrid preconditioner.


The majority of universities in South Africa offer face-to-face lectures, resulting in the neglect of online lectures, although learning management systems (LMS) have been adopted and are capable of supporting online learning (e-learning). The coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19) forced universities to move fully online and to adopt Video Conferencing Technologies (VCT) to supplement LMS for e-learning. However, most students confront challenges related to a digital divide, raising the question of whether universities are able to address these effectively. This study explored students' reflections on the use of the Zoom VCT for e-learning at a South African university. An interpretive qualitative case study was conducted, with data generated using emailed reflective activities and Zoom focus group discussions with 26 students in a curriculum studies programme. The framework of connectivism was employed and the data were thematically analysed. The study found that Internet access was a major challenge. While most students enjoyed synchronous Zoom discussions, they were unable to use other Zoom functions for effective engagement. It is thus recommended that the university should develop an e-learning policy and provide the necessary resources and training to students in order to ensure fitness for purpose.


The invention discloses a method and a device for realizing an embedding type application with configurable parameters, and relates to an embedding technology. The method comprises the following steps of enabling an embedding type system to obtain configuration parameters for a particular customer, and store into a customized parameter partition of the embedding type system; enabling the embedding type system to obtain a universal software version suitable for different customers, and store into a universal partition of the embedding type system; enabling the embedding type system to read the configuration parameters in the customized parameter partition, and write the read configuration parameters into the universal software version of the universal partition. The method and the device have the advantage that one software version is suitable for the customizing of different customers.


In network analysis, data are usually modeled as graph. Two important metrics: clustering coefficient and transitive ratio are used describe a graph. In order to calculate these two metrics in a large graph, we need to know the number of triangles in a graph. Counting the number of triangles has drawn great interest in the past few years. However, counting the triangle in large graphs such as the World Wide Web, Facebook, biology network, is very time consuming. In this project, I will introduce some counting algorithms and test their performance.


Summary
Phosphate sorption isotherms covering a wide concentration range (10−6 to 5 × 10−3m phosphate) were determined for 42 soil samples at 20 °C by a standardized technique. The slope of a plot of the sorption, x, against the logarithm of the equilibrium solution phosphate concentration, log c, measured at c= 10−4M, proved a suitable reference index to characterize the phosphate sorbing properties of the soils. Several single-point methods were tested by statistical correlation against this reference index. Of these, the sorption, x, from one addition of 150 mg P/100 g soil gave r= 0.951, but r= 0.974 when the equilibrium concentration was also taken into account in the quotient x/log c. This quotient is therefore suggested as a simple yet adequate way of indicating a fundamental soil property, its phosphate sorption isotherm.


The discovery that bats are the reservoir hosts of the coronavirus that causes SARS in humans raises important questions about how we monitor and control emergent disease outbreaks. In his Perspective,
 Dobson
 focuses on the need to know more about the distribution of pathogens in their natural reservoir hosts and asks whether the absence of pathology that characterizes these relationships may reflect subtle differences in the immune responses of bats.


Although tail docking in female lambs is still performed in Belgian fi eld conditions, the effectiveness of docking and hence the necessity of that procedure are questioned. Tail docking in lambs is a cosmetic treatment rather than a treatment to prevent myiasis. In order to limit myiasis in sheep, the focus must be adjusted. The aim of this article is to discuss tail docking in lambs and to focus on alternatives, which may or may not be immediately implementable. In this view, veterinarians can advise farmers to take more effective management measures to reduce myiasis. Frequent monitoring of the animals, limiting the contamination of the hindquarters, the preventive use of antiparasitic products, shear management and fl y traps are important tools for this purpose. S


The fan graph Fm,n ∼ Km ∨ Pn, is the graph that V (Fm,n) = V (Km)∪V (Pn) and E(Fm,n) = E(Pn)∪{uv|u ∈ V (Km),v ∈ V (Pn)}. Let ℑ be a set of all simple graphs. The function f : ℑ → Z + is called graph parameter, if G ∼ H, then f(G) = f(H). In this paper, we determine generalizations of some graph parameters (clique number, independent number, vertex covering number and domination number) of fan graph.


A new method is proposed for measuring solid-liquid contact angles. The well-known phenomenon where the liquid meniscus formed under a downward facing solid surface spontaneously breaks at a certain height is utilized in the contact angle measurements. The relation between the contact angle and the critical height of the solid surface where the instability occurs was derived theoretically from the solid-liquid wetting behavior using a thermodynamic approach. From the theoretical model the contact angles can be obtained by measuring the critical height of the solid. The validity of the analysis and the usefulness of the method were experimentally confirmed for various solid surfaces and test liquids.


With the development of technology and internet, more and more public universities in Malaysia has put in their effort and investment in e-leaming. The benefits of an e leaming system will not be maximized unless instructors and learners use the system. Many previous researchers have looked at continued usage as a measure of success of e leaming. This research also follow the same direction. Based on Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and Post Acceptance Model of IS-continuance, this study looked at the continuance intention in e-leaming adoption by instructors in Malaysia Higher Education Institutions (HEis). It was intend to provide more insight to assist in strategic decision and planning and thus improve the usage and effectiveness of e-leaming delivery in future. The work involved the examination of the proposed model and variables for e leaming continuance intention, which consisted of perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, confirmation, system quality, training, cognitive absorption, habit, intrinsic motivation, computer self-efficacy, facilitating conditions, satisfaction and subjective norms. A partial-least-squares structural modeling approach was used to evaluate the proposed model. The hypothesized model is validated empirically using data collected from 142 instructors of e-leaming system users from various HEis in Malaysia. The results suggest that instructors' continuance intention is determined by perceived usefulness. The proposed model was supported and explained up to 71.3% of the variance in e-leaming continuance intention. Implications and limitations were discussed.


The goal of this paper is to survey in a systematic and uniform way the main results regarding some descriptional and computational aspects of hybrid networks of evolutionary processors viewed both as generating and accepting devices, as well as solving problems with these mechanisms. We start by surveying some results regarding the size complexity of generating hybrid networks of evolutionary processors. Then, we define a computational complexity class of accepting hybrid networks of evolutionary processors and prove that this class equals the classical class NP. In another section, we present a few NP-complete problems and recall how they can be solved in linear time by accepting networks of evolutionary processors with linearly bounded resources (nodes, rules, symbols). We also recall a possible implementation of a solution for the 3-CNF-SAT using WWW. Finally we discuss some possible directions for further research.


There is some consensus that the pandemic can widen pre-existing inequalities in the labor market and that an essential issue concerns the unequal possibilities of working remotely. This study analyzes inequalities in remote work in Brazil through descriptive analyzes and Probit regressions using PNAD COVID-19 microdata. We have found that workers with the least possibilities for remote work were the poorest, males, rural residents, non-whites, youngest, without college education, self-employed or wage workers from the private sector and agriculture workers. An important part of that stems from differences in selection into occupations;however, some variables maintained important independent effects, especially the college education and the labor income. The pandemic, regarding the possibility of remote work, had the effect of widening the existing inequalities, favoring the wealthier, more educated, and more formalized workers and imposing on the others the need to choose between employment and income versus risk of contagion. © 2022, Lundiana. All rights reserved.


This paper presents the results of an investigation related to the estimation of the lateral-directional aerodynamic characteristics of the NASA F/A-18 HARV from flight data. This aircraft was used in the high alpha research program at NASA/Dryden. In this study the lateral aerodynamic and control derivatives are estimated from flight data using the maximum likelihood method along with a Newton-Raphson minimization technique. The mathematical model is based on a classical static and dynamic derivative buildup. Flight data were collected over a range of 5-60-deg angle of attack from a variety of maneuvers, including large amplitude multiple doublets, optimal inputs, and pilot stick and rudder inputs. The parameter estimation code pEst, developed at NASA/Dryden, was used in this work. Results of the parameter estimation process from alpha = 5 to 60 deg are presented and discussed. (Author)


In this paper, a dispersion model based on experimental data was discussed. Mento-Calo method was used in models in analyzing the dispersion of submunition, which could lead to unaccurate results in the evaluation of damage efficiency. Combined with the warhead dispersion with the help of Mento-Calo method, the dispersion model of cluster was discussed. With the help of this model, the dispersion of submunitions could be got in short time when the dispersion parameters were given. Also the dispersion was in accordance with the actual dispersion, which could lay a basis for the evaluation of damage efficency.


During the historical process of modern Chinese philosophy's reform, western logic method has been imported, communicated and used for reference. From induction, deduction to logic analysis method, through Yan Fu's enlightenment to Jin Yuelin's effective use, western logic method all has produced positive impetus function to Chinese cultural renovation and Chinese philosophy's transformation. It shows in the following aspects. Firstly, introducing scientific method and changing intuition thought has offered the basis for Chinese modern philosophy's reform. Secondly, reflecting the illegibility and random of Ancient Chinese Philosophy consciously, and then putting forward the effective ways to bound traditional philosophy's category. Thirdly, making logical analysis method to be used in the process of Chinese philosophy's research and reconstruction, improving Chinese philosophy's connotation and revealing its charm.


In the fast-growing electric vehicle (EV) industry, key technology challenges include the improvement of battery efficiency, reliability, and endurance. In this paper, we propose a novel battery pack design methodology that supports dynamic reconfiguration of the battery pack architecture, which partitions the battery modules into the primary group and secondary group. The proposed reconfigurable design effectively improves the battery pack reliability and endurance, especially for battery packs that contain modules with uneven aging conditions. Simulation results show that, with our approach, the equivalent average aging speed among all battery modules is slowed down, and the battery pack's endurance is increased.


This article addresses factors presented in the literature related to the unique experiences of queer adolescent dating and sexuality across individual, familial, and school–community domains. The article also provides an important synthesis and operationalization of queer identity, queer adolescent dating and sexuality, access to affirmative spaces, queer-inclusive education, and legal implications. The authors build upon the limited counseling literature addressing queer adolescent dating and sexuality by providing culturally responsive and proactive implications for counselors, counselor educators, and supervisors. A case study and discussion is used to highlight potential actionable suggestions for counselors, counselor educators, and supervisors.


As early as 1887, Agriculture was recognized as a science. Hammonds (1950), author of Teaching Agriculture, wrote, "The 'organized body of knowledge' we call the science of agriculture is deeply rooted in the sciences that contribute to agriculture. If we strip away from agriculture the portions of other sciences that bear upon it, we perhaps do not have left a science of agriculture. To teach agriculture is to recognize that it is a science." ...


A number of investigators have discussed the use of two-detector cross power spectral density (CPSD) measurements to obtain the velocity of an axially propagating perturbation of the moderator density in a boiling water reactor. The basis of the measurements is the view that the detector response can be separated into local and global components where the local components, which is dominant for high frequencies (f>2 Hz), makes possible the observation of the moving perturbation associated with steam flow in the reactor. For low frequencies, the response consists of a combination of the local and global components, and correlation with the perturbation velocity is not straightforward. In the present study the asymptotic low and high frequency behavior of the CPSD is examined using the complex detector adjoint function formulation. It is shown that at low frequencies, where the wavelength of the perturbation is much larger than the axial core dimension, the phase of the CPSD and therefore the perturbation velocity correlates with the centroid spacing of detector functions involving the product of the detector adjoint function and the static flux. For high frequencies, on the other hand, the phase correlates with the detector spacing. 11 refs.


The automatic identification of crops species is a great challenge because their patterns are complex and uncertain. In this paper the neural network is applied to identify crop species. The colour based features extraction method is a widely used for segmentation of crop images. But its performance is strongly dependent on the applied ANN technique. On the other hand, GLCM has been widely used for feature extraction because it has good performance in a large class of images. However it is not good for noisy images. In this work, colour and texture based feature algorithm for the segmentation of crop images have been proposed. The proposed method gives better results compared with techniques based on colour segmentation methods. A membership function was established. The experiment has shown that the average rate of correct identification is about to 82%.


Musical passages that contain repetitive patterns, nested structures, or apparently random segments can often be elegantly described using a set-based algorithmic framework. We present a brief mathematical formalism and a hierarchal model that abstracts these compositional techniques. We then discuss our freely available software program that demonstrates many of these ideas.


Taking into account the specificities of the diary press, the present article discusses how the culture and the communication influence the youth fields of moral problematization. This paper was produced like a particular study includes in the Investigation Directory "The young and the Media", supported by the CNPq, of the Education Department of Catolic University of Rio de Janeiro (PUC-Rio). We intends presents a new way of analyzing to contributing to the improvement of the developed investigation exercise in the area in study and, mainly, for the appearance of new proposed of analysis to studies includes in the field of the young and the media.


The present invention relates a chopstick rest forming operation, chopsticks can be performed in a simple one-touch operation by the finger of the hand with a, to provide chopsticks which makes it possible to carry out the smart even during the meal a chopstick rest forming operations. Having a fitting recess 7 in the upper portion has an eating tip 5 in the lower portion of the A chopstick body 2. The slide member 9 has been made can be fitted into the mating recess 7. The first magnetic body 10 is provided on the fitting recess side, the second magnetic body 11 is provided on the slide member side. When the slide member 9 pushes toward the upper portion 15 of the bottom portion of the fitting recess 7 the upper portion 12 of the slide member 9 in a state of being fitted into the fitting recess 7, the first magnetic body 10 and second magnetic body 11 the magnetic attraction force of the cross slide toward the slide member 9 downwards, can be made a state riding the lower end portion 17 of the slide member 9 to the edge portion 19 of the lower end portion 8 of the engaging recesses 7. This allows forming a chopstick rest 20. .FIELD 4


Iterative learning control has the potential to significantly improve the tracking performance of repeating trajectory control systems. However, until now little attempt has been made to measure this performance quantitatively. A new iterative learning control performance index PIN is introduced which allows direct, quantitative, performance comparison of different algorithms, or alternatively a single algorithm which has variable tuning parameters. In particular, PI N can be used as a tool for selecting and adjusting algorithm tuning parameters. Application of the new performance index is demonstrated with both simulation studies and practical implementation on a gantry robot