The paper begins by discussing and comparing informally the pictures of the aggregate economy that underlie three current approaches to theoretical macroeconomics: equilibrium theory, the 'post-Keynesian approach,' and fixed (or sticky) price models. Regarding the last as much the most promising, the paper then describes a handful of hypotheses about the labour market, more complementary than rival, that might explain the (downward) stickiness of wages. A recurrent theme is that the background assumption of optimizing agents is capable of yielding quite unclassical results if the utility function and the perceived constraints are slightly unconventional. Differentes approches a la throrie macroconomique: une vue partielle/partiale. L'auteur presente sans ceremonie une discussion et une comparaison des images de l'economie globale qui sous-tendent les approches en vogue en macroeconomie theorique: la theorie de l'equilibre, l'approche post-keynesienne, et les modeles 'a prix plus ou moins rigides. Comme l'auteur considere ce dernier groupe comme le plus prometteur, il s'attache a examiner quelques hypotheses bien davantage complementaires que rivales pour expliquer la rigidite a la baisse des salaires dans le marche du travail. L'un des leitmotivs de cet article est que le postulat conventionnel d'agents economiques optimisateurs peut fort bien engendrer des resultats tout a fait nonclassiques si la fonction d'utilite ou les contraintes pergues par les agents sont elles memes inhabituelles. I wonder if anyone has noticed that the title of this lecture contains a pun. There are indeed several alternative approaches to macro-theory now current, and I want to say something about them. Perhaps I seem to have promised a partial view in the sense that to do the opposite would be to offer a 'complete' view. Well, I do mean that; but even more than that I mean a partial view as opposed to an 'impartial' one. I want to begin by characterizing the main schools of thought in contemThis is the text of the W.A. Mackintosh Lecture delivered at Queen's University in March 1979. Except for the addition of a few footnote references to the literature, I have not tried to disguise the informal tone of the original. I would like to thank Mrs Mackintosh and the members of the Department of Economics at Queen's University for their hospitality and friendship. My colleague Stanley Fischer helped me with comments and advice. Canadian Journal of Economics / Revue canadienne d'Economique, XII, no. 3 August / aout 1979. Printed in Canada / Imprini6 au Canada. 0008-4085 /79 / 0000-0339 $01.50 / (?) 1979 Canadian Economics Association This content downloaded from 126.96.36.199 on Wed, 24 Aug 2016 04:49:54 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms 340 / Robert M. Solow porary macroeconomics, mainly because I think it is very important to keep straight the preconceptions that underlie each one. Otherwise it is too easy to accept quite powerful conclusions without a clear grasp of the assumptions to which they are logically bound. The mass media and the business press do that all the time when they popularize economic ideas. Then, I want to concentrate on the particular approach that seems to me the most sensible and trustworthy and say a little about the state of theoretical research within that approach and about some analytical trails that seem to need investigation. Macroeconomics is now, as it has always been, the subject of intense controversy. There must be several different reasons for this: for instance the policy stakes are large; the ultimate test of any theory, conformity with the facts, often turns out to be inconclusive and perhaps indecipherable; and it is even possible that the institutional environment changes, so that a theory adequate for one decade may fail in the next. You may think of still other reasons. In any case one can distinguish three or four general approaches or stances or theoretical positions that compete for attention and allegiance


The invention relates to noodles and especially relates to a manufacturing method of Chinese yam-aloe noodles. The manufacturing method comprises the following steps of mixing Chinese yam paste, an aloe juice, flour, salt and dietary alkali and orderly carrying out kneading, curing, compression strip-cutting, drying and cutting. The Chinese yam-aloe noodles comprise 5-15wt% of the Chinese yam paste, 10-15wt% of the aloe juice, 1-3wt% of the salt, 0.1-0.3wt% of the dietary alkali and the balance flour. The manufacturing method utilizes Chinese yam, aloe and flour as main raw materials and avoids a water addition process in kneading so that the Chinese yam-aloe noodles have good elasticity and toughness. Chinese yam and aloe are rich in nutrients and are processed simply so that less nutritional health-care components are damaged and lost. The Chinese yam-aloe noodles have a fresh taste of Chinese yam and aloe. The cooked Chinese yam-aloe noodles have a delicious taste and a unique local flavor.


In this paper,the current status of the development of farm and sideline products cold chain logistics in China is compared with that in other countries,from which experience and lessons are drawn for the betterment of the farm and sideline products cold chain logistics system of China.


The stability of nonconservative system of a beam is investigated when an elastic beam is subjected to follower forces. The mathematical formulations for a conservative system and a nonconservative system are established regarding to a uniform cantilever subjected to a concentrated force and a uniform distributed force axially. The displacement of a uniform cantilever is assumed to be obtained by superposing the modal functions which are normal modes in a vacuum, and is estimated by applying the Galerkin method. Changing the forces, the eigenvalue analysis is performed, and the root locus is calculated for the stability analysis. And, the relationships between forces and frequencies for the undamped system and the damped system of the uniform cantilever subjected to a concentrated force and a uniform force are investigated. When the system is subjected to a conservative force, the divergence phenomenon is confirmed to appear first. On the other hand, when the system is subjected to a nonconservative force such as follower force, the flutter phenomenon is confirmed to appear first although the critical force becomes high. And, by changing the structural damping, the destabilized effect due to the structural damping is confirmed when an elastic beam is subjected to follower forces. Moreover, the dynamic behaviors of the higher modes, and the stability of a simply supported beam and a free-free beam are also studied.


We present the clinical history of a peritoneal dialysis male patient who was diagnosed with rapidly progressing abdominal aortic and bilateral common iliac artery aneurysms after more than two years on CAPD treatment. The patient refused open repair of the aneurysms because he adhered to the convenient dialysis modality, so he underwent endovascular reconstruction. The next day after surgery he carried out CAPD treatment himself. We analyze the consequences of the complications and co-morbidities that 6 years after the procedure led to conversion to haemodialysis and 2 more years later the patient's death. We found the outcome of our patient outstanding compared to literature data of the clinical course and perioperative or late mortality of similar patients. High early mortality of end stage kidney disease patients after aneurysm surgery needs to be emphasized. To reduce this procedure is recommended as early as possible, ideally before starting dialysis. Open aneurysm repair is a lengthy, highly invasive procedure with the risk of significant blood loss that all contribute to higher morbidity and mortality. EVAR is recommended in this patient group in case of anatomical suitability. Postoperative complications of endovascular repair can remarkably be reduced by proper hydration and usage of as small amount of proper quality contrast material as possible. Regular follow-up is paramount to early reveal and treat complications that we deem substantial in our case.


Estimates of Johannes Reuchlin's first major work, the De Verbo Mirifico, are few.1 Among those that exist, the general reaction is one of detached and uncritical admiration. Contrary to these, J. L. Blau in his pioneering survey of the proponents of Christian Kabbalah has described it as 'a pleasant little dialogue, though it proves nothing'.2 And Lynn Thorndike has been even more scathing in characterizing the discussion of the three disputants as 'about as difficult to distinguish as would be the barking of the three heads of Cerberus'.3 But the common run of articles and works on German humanism as well as the most important contributions by historians such as Ludwig Geiger, Hans Rupprich and Lewis Spitz, who treat the work within the context of Reuchlin's total intellectual activity and historical significance, present an account of the work without including any critical comment, and merely convey a vague sense of wonder and admiration. This is a strange state of affairs for the first philosophical work of a scholar universally regarded as one of the key figures of European scholarship and intellectual life at the turn of the sixteenth century. Much of the reason for it can be traced to the dominant position which the nineteenth-century German liberal tradition, embodied in Geiger's work, still holds in Reuchlin studies. The recent accounts of the DVM by Rupprich and Spitz rely very heavily on the account given by Geiger almost a century before. Geiger and his followers sought to make the content of the work intelligible by placing it within the context of Reuchlin's developing interest in Hebrew and Kabbalah, which finds its most clear and mature statement in Reuchlin's De Arte Cabalistica published twenty-three years later in 1517. The DVM is understood therefore as an intensely personal document, an expression of Reuchlin's internal mystical gropings; and at the same time, an attempt to present a systematic account of Jewish Kabbalah, relating it to Greek philosophy and Christian doctrine. It is primarily these three tendencies which have served to obscure the real historical immediacy and urgency of the work's contents and have subsequently set the mechanism for a restrictive


Network and system management tasks revolve around the activities necessary to establish and maintain data communication networks. This can include tasks such as: • monitoring the network hardware and software components for problems and performance information • identifying and correcting problems in the network • planning and making changes to the network. Task analysis was performed on data available from a customer case study database, (Beith, Moore, Pendley, and Percival, 1985). Models were developed for several network and system management tasks. This paper discusses one of the task models, problem determination, and presents recommendations for information structuring and task flow.


Glow-discharge optical emission spectrometry (GD-OES) is a powerful tool for the rapid analysis of elements in the surface of solids. One may employ GD-OES to determine quantitatively the bulk concentration of elements in a sample. With further calibration, one may also obtain elemental concentrations as a function of depth into the sample. This allows depth profiling on a host of advanced materials: treated metals, coated metals and other materials, multi-layers, painted surfaces, hard samples coated with polymers, thin films, and many others. A consortium of institutions in Victoria, led by Deakin University, has purchased a new glow-discharge optical emission spectrometer. This instrument has the ability to perform elemental depth profiling on a wide range of materials. This technique, the first of its kind in Australia, is of particular interest to those working on metals, ceramics, glasses, coatings, semi-conductors, and multi-layers. We present here an overview of depth profiling by GD-OES and some examples of its use.


Onscreen English fonts have critical roles in communication. Previous research has examined English native speakers' perceived personality of a font. While the perception depends on a person's background or culture, no publication has compared the perception across Thai and English native speakers. The present study attempts to fill this void. 402 samples of Thai and English native speakers returned their questionnaires that displayed one of the most accepted hand-writing font: Kristen. The analysis revealed that Thai native speakers perceived the highest extent of the Kristen font's relaxed and feminine personality but at the comparable extent did the English native speakers perceive its active and exciting personality. The exploration into underlying dimensions showed a similar structure across the two native samples. In addition to extending theoretical insights into digital typography across two native speakers, practitioners could apply the findings to effectively apply the Kristen font to the onscreen message design.


The first stages zinc deposition process from mixed of 0.01 M  ZnSO 4 .7H 2 O and 1 M (NH 4 ) 2 .SO 4 were analyzed on glassy carbon using linear scan voltammetry (LSV) and chronoamperometry (CA) techniques.  LSV technique was analyzed with difference scan rate starting from 10 mVs -1 to 1000 mVs -1 . The hump appeared that give several point of peak potential  on LSV curve and analyzed using CA technique. The optimum potential based on electrochemical properties selected from CA analysis is -1.20 V.  It can be concluded  that -1.20 V  is  the best potential where the deposition process started occurred on substrate surface.


The three-dimensional model of a turbo-charging engine piston Assembly is established by Pro/E.The FEA is completed respectively under the action of menhaninal load and hot load and cou-pling load.The results indicate the stress distribution and deformation instance,which provide the theoreti-cal evidence for piston structure improvement and optimum design.


The feasibility of using the E-pulse technique to identify the values of a resistance card (R-card) contained within a material stack is demonstrated. The late-time response of a material stack is modeled as a resonance series and an E pulse is constructed to extinguish this response. Results using measured data show that it is possible to identify the R-card value from among five potential candidates.


We identify a characteristic pattern in the scalar-induced stochastic gravitational wave background from particle production during inflation. If particle production is sufficiently efficient, the scalar power spectrum exhibits 𝒪(1) oscillations periodic in k, characteristic of a sharp feature, with an exponentially enhanced envelope. We systematically study the properties of the induced spectrum of gravitational waves sourced after inflation and find that this inherits the periodic structure in k, resulting in a peak in the gravitational wave energy density spectrum with 𝒪(10 %) modulations. The frequency of the oscillation in the scalar power spectrum is determined by the scale of the feature during inflation and in turn sets the frequency of modulations in the gravitational wave signal. We present an explicit realisation of this phenomenon in the framework of multifield inflation, in the form of a strong sharp turn in the inflationary trajectory. The resulting stochastic background is potentially detectable in future gravitational wave observatories, and considerations of backreaction and perturbativity can be used to constrain the parameter space from the theoretical side. Our work motivates more extensive research linking primordial features to observable properties of the stochastic background of gravitational waves, and dedicated development in data analysis for their detection.


This study analyses results from a bimonthly ecological monitoring of the by-catch ichthyofauna in manual trawling for shrimps in three sites of the Caete River estuary. The aim was to ecologically characterize discarded ichthyic fauna of this fishing system between November/07 and November/08. We captured 2.347 individuals (21 families and 41 species), and the richness variation was statistically significant between the seasons. Diversity (H) presented higher values in the months of November/07 and January/08, and lower values in May/08. Equitability (E) was more uniform in January/08 and less uniform in July/08. The total sum of captured specimens was identified as juvenile, reinforcing the impending need of environmental education actions in estuarine areas, in terms of conservation of its ecological integrity and of the reuse of discarded resources, since this estuarine complex is part of the Caete-Taperacu Sustainable Development Reserve.


Upadacitinib (UPA) 15 mg once daily (QD) has demonstrated efficacy and safety in patients with psoriatic arthritis (PsA) for up to 56 weeks in the Phase 3 SELECT-PsA 1 and 2 trials.1,2This post hoc analysis of these studies explored the association of baseline characteristics and short-term responses with achievement of minimal disease activity (MDA) and Disease Activity Index for Psoriatic Arthritis (DAPSA) low disease activity (LDA).Data were pooled from patients with prior inadequate response or intolerance to ≥1 non-biologic (b) DMARDs (SELECT-PsA 1) or ≥1 bDMARDs (SELECT-PsA 2) originally randomized to UPA 15 mg QD. Logistic regression models were used to assess the association between baseline characteristics and short-term (Week 12) responses with achieving MDA or DAPSA LDA at 56 weeks, sustained MDA (MDA at Weeks 36 and 56), or sustained DAPSA LDA (DAPSA LDA at Weeks 36, 44, and 56). Each predictor was evaluated separately in an initial model that included effects for study and concurrent non-bDMARD use. Odds ratios and concordance (c-)statistics were used to determine the predictive accuracy. Statistically significant predictors were then evaluated simultaneously using stepwise logistic regression with the Akaike Information Criterion for model-building.Of 640 patients included in the analysis, 40% and 47% achieved MDA and DAPSA LDA, respectively, at 56 weeks. Evaluated separately, younger age, sex (male), geographic region, lower weight, lower body mass index, the presence of dactylitis or enthesitis, and lower scores of Patient's Assessment of Pain (Pt-Pain), Patient's Global Assessment (PtGA), tender joint count in 68 joints, and Health Assessment Questionnaire-Disability Index (HAQ-DI) were significant baseline predictors for achieving MDA and DAPSA LDA at Week 56. Lower Pt-Pain (Weeks 12–24) and PtGA (Weeks 16–24) scores were strongly predictive (c-statistics >0.8) of achieving MDA at Week 56, and both measures (from Week 8) were moderately predictive (c-statistics >0.7) of achieving DAPSA LDA. Evaluated simultaneously with several baseline characteristics, lower Pt-Pain and HAQ-DI scores at Week 12 were included in models strongly predictive of achieving MDA (c-statistic=0.850; Figure 1) and DAPSA LDA (c-statistic=0.840; Figure 2) at Week 56. For each 1-point increase in Pt-Pain or HAQ-DI scores at Week 12 (after adjusting for other effects in the model), patients were less likely to achieve MDA (by 32% or 56%, respectively) or DAPSA LDA (by 23% or 31%, respectively) at Week 56. Predictors for achieving sustained MDA and sustained DAPSA LDA were generally similar to those identified for achieving MDA and DAPSA LDA, respectively.In patients with PsA receiving UPA 15 mg, baseline characteristics and early responses strongly predicted achievement of MDA or DAPSA LDA at Week 56. This may guide considerations of treatment targets in clinical trials and encourage physicians to further optimize treatment of their patients in clinical practice.[1]McInnes IB, et al. Ann Rheum Dis 2020;79:16–7.[2]Mease PJ, et al. Rheumatol Ther 2021 [Epub ahead of print].AbbVie funded this study and participated in the study design, research, analysis, data collection, interpretation of data, review, and approval of the abstract. No honoraria or payments were made for authorship. Medical writing support was provided by Hilary Wong, PhD, of 2 the Nth (Cheshire, UK), which was funded by AbbVie.Daniel Aletaha Consultant of: AbbVie, Grünenthal, Janssen, Medac, Merck, Mitsubishi/Tanabe, Pfizer, Roche, and UCB, Grant/research support from: AbbVie, Grünenthal, Janssen, Medac, Merck, Mitsubishi/Tanabe, Pfizer, Roche, and UCB, Philip J Mease Speakers bureau: AbbVie, Amgen, Boehringer Ingelheim, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Celgene, Eli Lilly, Galapagos, Genentech, Gilead, and Janssen, Consultant of: AbbVie, Amgen, Boehringer Ingelheim, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Celgene, Eli Lilly, Galapagos, Genentech, Gilead, and Janssen, Grant/research support from: AbbVie, Amgen, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Celgene, Eli Lilly, and Janssen, Ralph Lippe Shareholder of: AbbVie Inc., Employee of: AbbVie Inc., Frank Behrens Speakers bureau: AbbVie, Amgen, Boehringer Ingelheim, Celgene, Chugai, Eli Lilly, Janssen, Merck, Novartis, Pfizer, Roche, Sanofi, and UCB, Consultant of: AbbVie, Amgen, Boehringer Ingelheim, Celgene, Chugai, Eli Lilly, Janssen, Merck, Novartis, Pfizer, Roche, Sanofi, and UCB, Grant/research support from: Chugai, GlaxoSmithKline, Janssen, Pfizer, and Roche, Derek Haaland Speakers bureau: AbbVie, Amgen, AstraZeneca, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Eli Lilly, GlaxoSmithKline, Janssen, Merck, Novartis, Pfizer, Roche, Sanofi, Takeda, and UCB, Consultant of: AbbVie, Amgen, AstraZeneca, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Eli Lilly, GlaxoSmithKline, Janssen, Merck, Novartis, Pfizer, Roche, Sanofi, Takeda, and UCB, Grant/research support from: AbbVie, Adiga Life Sciences, Amgen, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Can-Fite BioPharma, Celgene, Eli Lilly, Gilead, GlaxoSmithKline, Janssen, Novartis, Pfizer, Regeneron, Sanofi, and UCB, Penelope Palominos Speakers bureau: AbbVie, Janssen, Novartis, Pfizer, and UCB, Consultant of: AbbVie, Janssen, Novartis, Pfizer, and UCB, Grant/research support from: AbbVie, Janssen, Novartis, Pfizer, and UCB, Apinya Lertratanakul Shareholder of: formerly of AbbVie, Employee of: former employee of AbbVie, Michael Lane Shareholder of: AbbVie Inc., Employee of: AbbVie Inc., Kevin Douglas Shareholder of: AbbVie Inc., Employee of: AbbVie Inc., Peter Nash Speakers bureau: AbbVie, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Eli Lilly, Janssen, Merck, Novartis, Pfizer, Roche, Sanofi, and UCB, Consultant of: AbbVie, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Eli Lilly, Janssen, Merck, Novartis, Pfizer, Roche, Sanofi, and UCB, Grant/research support from: AbbVie, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Eli Lilly, Janssen, Merck, Novartis, Pfizer, Roche, Sanofi, and UCB, Arthur Kavanaugh Speakers bureau: AbbVie, Amgen, Janssen, Novartis, Pfizer, and UCB, Consultant of: AbbVie, Amgen, Janssen, Novartis, Pfizer, and UCB, Grant/research support from: AbbVie, Amgen, Janssen, Novartis, Pfizer, and UCB


Based on the teaching content of environment chemistry, the paper explores the innovation of the teaching contents and methods concerning environment chemistry from the aspects of cultivating goal, teaching case, teaching methods and scientific experiment.


Backscatter networks (such as RFID, and WiFi backscatter) are very attractive for IoT applications due to their ultra-low energy consumption. In fact, their required energy to operate is low enough that it can be harvested from the environment without having a battery. However, existing backscatter networks offer very limited data-rates (i.e. at most one Mbps). Hence, despite their energy benefit, their applications are very limited. This paper presents the design of mmTag, a backscatter network which can achieve Gbps data-rates. mmTag achieves this by developing a backscatter technology operating in the mmWave spectrum band. mmWave promises to enable high throughput wireless links by offering massive chunks of high-frequency spectrum. However, to use mmWave frequencies in backscatter networks, we need to address a fundamental challenge: beam alignment. mmWave devices require highly directional antennas with very narrow beams, and communication is possible only when the transmitter's beam is aligned with the receiver's beam. However, existing beam searching techniques require power hungry components, and most importantly require the node to transmit a signal which is not possible for a backscatter device. mmTag solves this problem by building a mmWave backscatter tag which performs beam alignment without using any active component. Finally, we implement mmTag and empirically demonstrate some results.


In recent years, artificial intelligence using big data has become a big issue in IT. Various studies are being conducted on services or technologies to effectively handle big data. The educational field, there is big data about students, but it is only a simple process to collect, lookup and store such data. In the future, it makes extensive use of artificial intelligence, machine learning, and statistical analysis to find meaningful rules, patterns, and relationships in the big data of the educational field, and to produce intelligent and useful data for the actual students. Accordingly, this study aims to design a program to predict the career of students using a decision tree algorithm based on the data from the student's classroom observations. Through a career prediction program, it is believed to be helpful to present application paths to students ' counseling and to also provide classroom behavior and direction based on the desired courses.


Abstract A method is proposed for calculating correlation energies and pair functions associated with an electron gas at any density. Upper bounds to the exact energy, lying however at least as low as the corresponding plane wave results are guaranteed and exact solutions are obtained in the high and low-density limits. The technique used is that of allowing a periodic electron density and a proof emerges of the recent conjecture of Overhauser that there exist one-particle states energetically more favourable than the usual plane wave orbitals. It is concluded that in the ground state a single-particle approximation implies static spin density waves of wavelength proportional to the usual separation electron parameter r 2, at least for r 8 sufficiently large.


A LNA has been designed in Cadence simulator in 60 GHz band (57-64 GHz) in 65nm CMOS with microstrip as on-chip inductors. LNA has gain of 11.55 dB at 60 GHz. The noise figure is 4.98 dB at 60 GHz. The 3-dB bandwidth for this LNA design is 57-64 GHz. The stability factor (K) is greater than 1 for the entire range. Additionally, the 1-dB gain compression point (P1dB) is −10.0229 dBm and the IIP3 value is −2.2 dBm at 60 GHz. PVT (Process-Voltage-Temperature) simulations is also done for reliability investigation and analysis where the performance of LNA is tested under various process corners, temperatures and voltages. Gain of the amplifier was observed under different process corners, temperatures (from −40°C to 100°C) and voltages. It was observed that the amplifier's gain was invariant in the voltage variation range of 1 - 1.4 V. Moreover, we observed that the higher peak in the gain graph is due to the fast-fast process corner parameter and the lower peak is due to the slow-slow process corner parameter. The highest peak gain was observed for the Fast-Fast process corner and at low temperature of −40°C and lowest peak gain for Slow-Slow process corner and at high temperature of 100°C. FoM (figure of merit) is 0.92 GHz/mW at 60 GHz. Hence a reliable design of LNA is achieved for the 60 GHz band for 5G mobile communication application.


Friction stir welding (FSW) is a thermo-mechanical process that utilizes a nonconsumable rotating pin tool to consolidate a weld joint. In the conventional FSW process, the pin tool is responsible for generating both the heat required to soften the material and the forces necessary to deform and combine the weld seam. As such, the geometry of the pin tool is important to the quality of the weld and the process parameters required to produce the weld. Because the geometry of the pin tool is limitless, a reduced set of pin tools was formed to systematically study their effect on the weldment with respect to mechanical properties and resultant microstructure. In this study 0deg, 15deg, 30deg, 45deg, and 60deg tapered, microwave sintered, tungsten carbide (WC) pin tools were used to FSW Ti-6Al-4V. Transverse sections of the weld were used to test for mechanical properties and to document the microstructure using optical microscopy. X-ray diffraction (XRD) was also used to characterize the microstructure in the welds. FSW results for the 45deg and 60deg pin tools are reported in this paper.


Passively powered high frequency (HF) Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) proximity cards have been widely used in many fields. Meanwhile, a lot of security and privacy threats such as cloning, unauthorized tracking have arisen. Many security protocols have been proposed. However, most of them focused on security implication of the logical layer, little attention was paid to characteristics of the physical layer. In this work, we consider identification of HF RFID proximity cards by investigating electromagnetic characteristics of their physical layers. A new RF fingerprint extraction method is proposed based on normalized power spectral density of envelop of the card response. The most useful features for identification are found within 5 odd harmonics of digital transmission and the subcarrier modulation frequency. After evaluating our technique on a set of 300 RFID cards from 6 manufacturers, we can achieve Equal Error Rate (EER)=0 for all types by selecting appropriate thresholds. As the feature extraction can be implemented under normal working state of cards, it is practical and efficient to realize real-time identification of HF RFID proximity cards.


Aiming at the classification problem of remote sensing scenes, this paper proposes a semi-supervised deep learning method combining the generative generation network with the convolutional neural network. The method improves the loss function of the deep convolutional generation network, and designs the even convolutional network EM-10 and its transposed convolution network as discriminators and generators respectively, which improves its ability to extract remote sensing features. The trained discriminator is used for the classification of remote sensing scenes with an accuracy of over 90%.


Despite increasing rates of university attendance among women, a significant gender gap remains in socialisation and educational processes in Japan. To understand why and how gender-distinctive socialisation processes persist, this study aimed to examine both middle-class and working-class mothers' beliefs about gender, education, and children's development. Qualitative analyses were conducted on in-depth interviews with 16 Japanese mothers with preschool children who participated in the research study for three years. The meaning of education differed depending on the children's gender and social class context. While there was a social class difference in mothers' expectations of their daughters' educational attainment, the majority of women in this study saw their daughters as caregivers of family members in the future. This study also demonstrates the dilemmas and mixed messages in women's narratives in relation to gender norms and the processes of raising their children.


Preterm parturition is a syndrome (Romero, Gomez et al., 1997; Romero R, Espinoza J et al., 2004) that is one of the leading causes for perinatal morbidity and mortality. Moreover, prematurity is a leading cause for neonatal mortality, as well as short and long term morbidity. The incidence of preterm delivery is constantly increasing, crossing the 12% in the USA, and it's annual cost reached 26.2 billion US dollars in 2005, posing a huge burden on public health (Institute of Medicine (US) Committee on Understanding Premature Birth and Assuring Healthy Outcomes, 2007). Prematurity can be either spontaneous due to preterm labor with intact membranes (PTL) or preterm prelabor rupture of the chorioamniotic membranes (preterm PROM); or indicated, meaning induced preterm delivery by the medical team due to maternal (i.e. preeclampsia) or fetal (growth restriction, non-reassuring fetal heart rate tracing) indication (Goldenberg, Culhane et al., 2008). The incidence of the latter group, especially after 34 weeks of gestation, is constantly rising (Ananth, Joseph et al., 2005; Ananth and Vintzileos, 2006a; Ananth, Getahun et al., 2006). Emerging contributors for the increasing rate of preterm birth are assisted reproduction technologies (Institute of Medicine (US) Committee on Understanding Premature Birth and Assuring Healthy Outcomes, 2007). The use of infertility treatments has risen dramatically in the past 20 years; between 1996 and 2003, the number of cycles of Assisted reproductive technologies (ART) nearly doubled from 64,681 to 122,872. The number of live births resulting from conceptions achieved by the use of ARTs more than doubled from 14,507 to 35,785 (Institute of Medicine (US) Committee on Understanding Premature Birth and Assuring Healthy Outcomes, 1980). This has been associated with the trend to delay childbearing, indeed, more than 50 percent of these women were 35 years of age or older. In recent years, an unintended consequence of the use of these technologies, multiple gestations and the increased risk for preterm delivery, has become a focus of attention, and the institute of Medicine in the USA has concluded that "Fertility treatments are a significant contributor to preterm birth among both multiple and singleton pregnancies." (Institute of


The features of distributing system of bell-less blast furnace in Shi Steel is introduced, the furnace-roof automation system is improved, through combination of λ angle self-study system and β angle stepping program a better operation of distributing realized.


Background  Advances in information technology mean that it is now possible to provide contextually relevant, evidence‐based information during the course of the consultation. As a consequence, the practitioner has to consider the new information (from the computer) in the situation of the present consultation and in the light of his or her own experience. This task has to be carried out in a short time, in the presence of the patient.


This study aims to produce web-based learning media or Web Enhanced Course by
using Home Online Trading System (HOTS) application integrated with macromedia
flash and iSpring to develop an interactive learning media. HOTS applications not
only can be used as a real transaction tool in the capital market but also can also be
used as a simulation tool. This type of research is a development study that integrates
Dick and Carey models to develop substance material and Borg and Gall models to
develop the media. This material is arranged systematically as part of the capital
market course but only limited to one Learning Achievement is "Able to conduct
transactions in stock exchanges starting from the opening of an investment account to
the process of buying and selling transactions". Media development will be
implemented through three stages. First, carry out a preliminary study that refers to
the Dick and Carey model to formulate the material to be conveyed through
instructional media. Second, build and integrate learning process with web support
through HOTS and iSpring application as online test tool using macromedia flash.
Third, media are tested through various stages of validation by capital market material
experts, learning design experts, software experts and graphic design experts,
individual testing, small group testing, and field testing. The quality of developed
media was evaluated using a questionnaire. The result of evaluation of test subject is
accumulated and analyzed by qualitative descriptive analysis technique. Based on this,
it can be concluded that the interactive learning media developed to reach the level of
"very good" so it can be said that the hypothesis of this study can be accepted. This
means that media developed feasible to use. In addition to the results of the assessment,
based on data obtained at all stages of testing, it was concluded that the interactive
learning media generated in this study has provided various positive benefits of
increased motivation, learning efficiency, conformity with the speed of learning of
each student.


The communication describes the synthesis and studies of 9-piperazine substituted perylene-3,4-dicarboximide (1). In aqueous solution, the ratio of fluorescence emission intensities from the localized excited state (∼585 nm) to the charge transfer excited state (∼695 nm) increases in the pH range of 7.5-9. Furthermore, compound 1 may be used for ratiometric detection of double-stranded DNA.


Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt Faculty of Industrial Education, Helwan University, Cairo 11795, Egypt Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Taif University, Taif 21974, Saudi Arabia *E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com Received December 6, 2017 DOI 10.1002/jhet.3158 Published online 00 Month 2018 in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com).


In the following work we developed the proposal of a production cost system in the
determination of profitability for Garofalo Dental Mechanics of the city of Guaranda
Province of Bolivar period of the first semester of 2017, dedicated to the preparation
of dental pieces.
The main objective of this proposal is to determine production costs, to improve
their performance in the execution of their tasks and carry out the accounting
processes necessary to obtain real knowledge of the profitability of the company, in
order to obtain real information , timely and reliable for decision making by the
owner.
Proposing inventory methods for strict control of the development of each tooth in
the period established and thus specify the amount of raw material needed and
determine the production costs that they generate thereby identifying a real utility
that is being generated when developing this activity, setting procedures that are
established for the implementation of the cost system.
The results obtained in the Garofalo Dental Mechanics show that there is no control
in the activities and therefore they can not determine the production costs, that means
they do not have real information about their costs and their inventory.
Garofalo Dental Mechanics, considers it important to urgently propose the
implementation of a cost system for orders as this will improve its financial
management and will be able to determine its real profitability.
In addition, this research allows us to analyze the theoretical referents on dental
production costs and their profitability, in order to carry out the diagnosis,
identifying how dental production costs affect the profitability of Garofalo Dental
Mechanics. And at the end a cost system is proposed for production orders of dental
pieces, according to the reality of Garofalo Dental Mechanics, which allows to
determine its real profitability with reliable information


A familiar way of starting to think about art is to submit it to the standard form of philosophical investigation defi ned by the sequence of an existential statement followed by a question. The existential statement concerns a particular class of things. The question concerns what makes these things possible. Let us say preliminarily: the question concerns the potential whose actualization is to be understood as a thing of that particular kind. The form of this investigation is well known, for it has defi ned philosophy since Socrates. What is essential to this form is that the being and modeofbeing of things are not simply taken for granted; rather, they are questioned or "problematized." In the light of this questioning, things seem neither selfevidently given nor miraculous but, in Aristotelian terms, "problematic." They become something, in other words, that we want to, and can, understand or explain. The form of this philosophical understanding is the explanation of the reality [Wirklichkeit] of these objects as the actualization [Verwirklichung] of a possibility. That is how Kant pro-


Based on the static experiments,the paper illustrates the loading and transformation laws of the anchor piles,points out the soft-soil rhetological stress control and the pile-side stress concentrated control are the key for the successful application of the anchor pile in mucky soft-soil foundation pit,and establishes the principle for the intensification of the anchor pile and the space skeleton,so as to stabilize the side slope.


It is proposed a new method of controlling cracks of pouring mass concrete for raft foundation of nuclear power plants.Software ANSYS is used to set up a 3-D finite element numerical simulation model for pouring concrete of raft foundation.A scheme of monitoring the temperature strain is worked out,optimized curing curves are designed,and the curing measures are adjusted dynamically during the curing period.At present,this method is already applied in raft foundation for 6 nuclear islands of different nuclear power plants,there are no obvious cracks on the concrete after stripping.This method has a bright future of application and popularizing.


We report an unusual case of neglected high-displaced femoral neck fracture. One-stage total hip arthroplasty was performed afte 3 weeks of distal femoral skeletal traction. Postoperatively, the operative limb was immobilized with Buck's traction for 2 weeks. The patient was encourged to start quadriceps exercise on the second post-operative day and during the traction peroid. Ambulation with crutches and partial weight-bearing started after removal of the traction. At the 2 year follow-up, the patient was doing well without any complications.


This paper presents the main aspects regarding the production of biodegradable microspheres, the optimization of parameters in the drug encapsulation process, the techniques available for polymeric systems sterilization and the effects of γ-irradiation on microparticles.


The paper proposed a novel super-RENS ROM disc with a narrow track pitch using a group tracking technique, GTS-super-RENS ROM disc. The group tracking technique enabled to increase capacity in the radial direction up to 1.5 times. Using GTS method, a -20 dB cross-talk from the neighbor pit trains was obtained. It was confirmed that capacity of GTS-super-RENS ROM disc will become a promising method to further increase capacity in super-RENS disc world


The loose soft broken rock layer work face anchor ahead supporting,the short segment dig and support construction method are introduced.It has safety fast efficient advantages etc.The experience is accumulated for soft rock tunnel construction.


Back pain is a common accompaniment in pregnancy. In general this has no therapeutical consequences apart from analgetics and physiotherapy. Some, although rare, causes have to be taken into consideration after failure of conservative treatment, particularly neurological symptoms such as sensory or motor deficits, because they might have immense therapeutical consequences, e.g. surgical intervention. In this case we report on a patient presenting with drug-resistant back pain in pregnancy lasting and worsening after primary caesarian section. The diagnosis was made of a spinal neurinoma in the lumbar region. In our case the diagnosis was complicated by a history of a lumbar disc protrusion. Based on the following case report of a primary spinal tumour we present the differential diagnosis of persistent back pain in pregnancy.


The value chain theory is an important tool to analyze enterprise competitiveness.The paper introduces the service enterprise's value chain after comparing the difference between service to manufacturing.It brings forth the mode of value chain management based on the service enterprise innovation,and further analyzes the characteristics of the creative value chain.Finally,the paper puts forward the creative system of service enterprise based on the value chain.The system includes two aspects: the analysis from macro-level of supporting service enterprise creatation and the analysis of the creative strategy from micro-level of service enterprise.


The end of the great chemical capital spending boom that began in 1973 has come. For 1977, C&EN's annual survey shows a 4% drop in worldwide spending plans for new plant and equipment by the U.S. basic chemical companies from the record pace of 1976. With an expected inflation rate in new plant costs of about 6 to 8% next year, real-dollar capital spending will drop at least 10%. The 1977 cutback snaps a string of increases which lifted capital spending more than 150% since 1972. 1972 was the last of seven relatively flat years for new plant spending in the chemical industry since the previous peak in 1966. Specifically, forecasts for 1977 by 15 of 20 leading basic chemical companies indicate a drop in capital spending for this entire group to $6.1 billion from $6.4 billion in 1976. The final 1975 figure was $5.7 billion. These 20 companies account for about 80% of ...


scores on the Bell 4djustment Inventory. During the entire high school period, from 1939 to 1943, the subjects in the experimental group had the benefit of a planned, well-organized program of educational, vocational, and personal guidance. This included interest, aptitude and personality testing. The boys and girls in the control group were also tested extensively. However, they did not have the advantage of a systematic guidance program. The control subjects were exposed only to the advice and help incidental


This article,concentrating on the relationship between rhetoric and culture,based on the religion culture,material culture,folk culture and the historical cultural background,interprets the figures of speech and their relevant cultural connotations involved in Advanced English by using some examples.


A 28 year old unmarried woman underwent a unilateral salpingo‐oophorectomy and was suspected of having a malignant tumor in the remaining ovary. After consultation with the patient and her family, it was decided to cryopreserve the unfertilized oocytes. In order to reduce the risk of puncturing or rupturing the tumor when performing the oocyte retrieval from the ovary that was affected by the malignant tumor, it was chosen to use direct laparotomic oocyte retrieval during surgery, instead of conventional transvaginal retrieval. In order to further reduce the risk of tumor rupture, an ultrasound was used in the laparotomy field to precisely puncture only the follicle and thus avoid the tumor. A total of 11 oocytes was retrieved and 10 of them were cryopreserved in the MII phase.


General properties of acoustic propagation and scattering in a stochastic open environment are investigated. In this study, the positions of the source and observation points can be arbitrary. Furthermore, these two points can be in relative motion. The most important factor of the ocean environment affecting wave propagation is the sound‐speed profile. Also, because of the fine structure in temperature, stochastic fluctuations of the sound speed may exist along the paths of a sound wave. Therefore, effects from random scattering have to be taken into account. Because of the existence of the sound‐speed profile in the ocean, more than one path may be drawn to connect the source and observation points. This multipath effect, including that due to the correlations among these paths, is fully discussed. To make computations feasible, the path integral technique is applied. [Work supported by ONR.]


Virtual Learning Environments (VLEs) are Web-based platforms where educational contents, together with study support tools, are provided. Logs recording the interactions between students and VLEs are collected on a daily basis, thus automatic techniques are needed to manage and analyze such huge quantities of data. Students, teachers, managers, and in general all stakeholders involved in the VLEs' learning activities, can take advantage of the insights coming from educational data and useful information can be extracted by using machine learning techniques. Traditionally, educational data have been studied as stationary data by using conventional machine learning methods. However, educational data are non-stationary by nature and they can be better treated as data streams. In this paper, we show the results of a classification study where the random forest algorithm, applied both in batch and adaptive mode, is used to develop a model for predicting the failure/success of students' exams. Moreover, a feature importance analysis is carried out to detect the most discriminant attributes for the predictive task. Experiments were performed on the Open University Learning Analytics Dataset (OULAD) showing the reliability of adaptive random forest in creating accurate classification models from evolving educational data.


In the condition of smart grid,there will be many great changes in power consumption pattern of power consumers,and a significant change in the power consumption pattern is that based on the real-time price consumers can adjust their electricity consumption modes and it makes the forecasting of power load complicated.On the basis of analyzing various factors impacting on short-term load characteristics,based on the synthetical consideration of real-time price a gray neural network method improved by genetic algorithm is proposed.Utilizing the property of gray model that the randomness of data can be reduced by it and the strong nonlinearity of neural network the short-term load forecasting is performed and the genetic algorithm is used to optimize the neural network to improve the accuracy of forecasting.Results of computation example show that the proposed algorithm is available to short-term load forecasting under real-time price.


Genkwadaphnin (GD‐1) is isolated from the flower buds of Daphne genkwa Siebold et Zuccarini (Thymelaeaceae), and it has been used as a traditional Korean and Chinese medicine. In this study, the authors observe that GD‐1 inhibits the growth of the colon cancer cell line, SW620, through the up‐regulation of p21 expression in a PRDM1‐dependent manner. After treatment with GD‐1, the transcriptional repressor PRDM1 is prominently induced in SW620 cells. Furthermore, GD‐1 induce the phosphorylation of PKD1 and MEK and subsequently provide PRDM1 enhancement, resulting in the suppression of c‐Myc expression and the up‐regulation of p21. PKD1 knockdown using siRNA abrogates PRDM1 expression by GD‐1 and subsequently disrupts the regulation of c‐Myc and p21 expression. Treating SW620 cells with GD‐1 inhibits cell‐cycle progression and is characterized by the down‐regulation of c‐Myc followed by the up‐regulation of p21 expression. The up‐regulation of p21 by GD‐1 induces the growth arrest of the SW620 colon cancer cell line. Based on these data, the authors propose that GD‐1 has tumor‐suppressor activity that may contribute to the anti‐tumor effects of PRDM1 in colon cancer. J. Cell. Biochem. 117: 172–179, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.


Developing neural network models is a significant research area, which involves different optimization problems. For instance, feature set optimization, searching of the best neural network architecture, hyper-parameters and weights optimization. All these problems do not have one solution. The most popular approaches here are Gradient-based methods and Evolutionary methods. Gradient-based methods are quite useful for neural connections weights optimization and for Neural Architecture Search. Evolutionary algorithms (NEAT, HyperNEAT, CoDeepNEAT etc.) are state-of-the-art methods for neural networks topology optimization. There are numerous heuristic methods like Particle Swarm Optimization that also could be used in the neural networks structural tuning.
This paper discusses the neural networks models and evolutionary methods in environmental sound classification systems. We consider Snapshot algorithm also in order to build ensemble of solutions.


An integrated cognitive-based model (LEAP) and application (SALT) are presented. Building on a new Interlaced Micro-Patterns (IMP) theory and the Alchemy/Goal Mind environment, the LEAP research improves agent-to-human and agent-to-agent communication by incorporating aspects of human language development. The IMP theory further provides a theoretical basis for deep incorporation and sharing of knowledge from different sensor modalities. Research on LEAP points to a better understanding of human language development and the application of this knowledge within intelligent multiagent applications Research with SALT points to how this research supports Smart Home applications and provides feedback to LEAP modeling


AERATION AGRONOMY AQUATIC WEED CONTROL ARTIFICIAL GRASS BUILDINGS CLOTHI CONSTRU TI COURSE MARKERS DRAINAGE DRIVING RANGE EQUIPMENT FERTILISER MIXING GOLF COURSE ACCESSORIES GOLF COURSE CONSTRUCTION GOLF MATS GRINDERS HI E HYDROSEEDING IRRIGATION IRRIGATION CONSULTANTS LAKE CONSTUCTION/LINERS PATHWAYS PEST CONTROL PUMPS RUBBER CRUMB TOP DRESSINGS TREES TREE MOVING TURF TYRES VERTIDRAINING HIRE WASTE/WASHWATER TREATMENT WEED CONTROL


Study Design and Objective: This was a case control study performed to determine the haemostatic abnormalities and frequency of the antiphospholipid syndrome in Sudanese women with history of recurrent miscarriage.
Material and Methods: During the period between January and June 2011, a total of 100 Sudanese women with recurrent miscarriage as case group and 100 non complicated pregnant women as control group were interviewed through structured questionnaire to assess the risk factors for recurrent miscarriage, then screened for presence of antiphospholipid antibodies and anticardiolipin antibodies by using Enzyme linked Immuno-Sorbent Assay. Platelets were counted and coagulation profile was measured for all patients and controls. All tests were analyzed using Statistical Package of Social Science Version 17.
Results: Frequency for both antiphospholipid antibodies and anticardiolipin antibodies was 20%, thrombocytopenia was 8%, lupus anticoagulants was 20% and 5% had prolonged prothrombin time (PT). There was a significant correlation between Age and the above results, except PT which had not influenced by age.
Conclusion: The frequencies obtained in this study were in agreement to the frequencies for these parameters in other populations.


BackgroundSeveral studies have associated male androgenetic alopecia (AGA) with the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD); however, only few studies have shown this association in women with AGA. ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to evaluate whether female AGA could be a risk factor for the development of CVD through assessment of the lipid profile and measurement of the common carotid artery intima–media thickness (IMT), which are two documented measures of subclinical atherosclerosis. Patients and methodsThe study included 50 female patients with AGA, as well as 50 age-matched women without AGA serving as a control group. Evaluation of serum lipid levels and measurements of common carotid artery IMT for all included patients were carried out. ResultsWomen with AGA had statistically significantly higher levels of total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and higher TC : high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (TC : HDL-C) and LDL-C : HDL-C ratios compared with controls. Moreover, HDL-C was significantly lower in patients compared with controls. As regards the common carotid arteries, the patients had significantly higher mean values of IMT compared with controls, and this increased IMT was positively correlated with the duration and stage of AGA. ConclusionThe presence of dyslipidemia and subclinical atherosclerosis in women with AGA may signal a true association between female AGA and CVD. This could change our future plan of management for patients who need to be screened and evaluated regularly in order to afford them the benefit of early preventive measures.


We present a synthetic spectral analysis of nearly the entire far-ultraviolet International Ultraviolet Explorer (IUE) archive of spectra of dwarf novae in or near outburst. The study includes 46 systems of all dwarf nova subtypes, both above and below the period gap. The spectra were uniformly analyzed using synthetic spectral codes for optically thick accretion disks and stellar photospheres, along with the best available distance measurements or estimates. We present newly estimated accretion rates and discuss the implications of our study for disk accretion physics and CV evolution.


This genus of dragon flies is one of the groups whose members are accounted rare in collections, though quite abundant in nature. With the exception of three species, two of which have only been obtained in numbers by breeding, few imagoes have been taken. Although I have collected carefully for several years in localities where a few species were common enough, I have seen but three imagoes at large, but I have bred one species by hundreds, and have seen the exuviæ upon the banks of streams by tens of thousands. Nymphs of this genus seem to prefer the sandy or gravelly beds of clear, rapid streams, flowing through rocky woods. What becomes of the countless imagoes which issue from such places by night in early summer I have not as yet been able to find out.


The article considers a particular case of the evolution of state formations in the process of the increment and loss of territories, caused by the implementation of the people's right to reunification. It analyzes successful and unsuccessful attempts to implement the people's right to reunification while the states are returning their historical territories and realizing the policy of irredentism. The author analyzes the historiography of the issue in Russia, Eurasia and Africa, examines various cases of accession of territories in the XVIIXXI centuries, including the reunification the Crimea, Sevastopol, Donetsk and Lugansk People's Republics, Zaporozhye and Kherson regions with Russia. The author substantiates the need to amend the Foreign Policy Concept of the Russian Federation, providing for the right of Russia to return historical territories in the case of discrimination of the Russianspeaking population, manifestations of neo-Nazism and Russophobia.


The goal of this thesis is preparation of assignment and commented solutions of tasks of graphic editors with a link to the RVP for high school, belonging to the field Informatics and information communication technology, application software for work with information. This thesis is divided into two parts: theoretical and practical. In the theoretical part, the first task of the assignment can be found, and this is the introduction to the general curriculum for high school. We will also find a third task in this section - a description of the graphic editors used at high schools. The second task is already in the practical part, as it is an analysis of the graphic editors used at high schools focused on information technologies. Part of the practical part is also a set of backgrounds for teaching, including worksheets. Subsequently, the usability of the task set is verified by a questionnaire.


This article compares and contrasts 80 women with breast cyst disease who attended the University Hospital of South Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom, Breast Clinic between 1974 and 1980 and who were studied in 1980, and 98 women with breast cysts from the Dartford t Gravesend Hospitals, outpatient department who attended the hospital between 1980 and the present day. Both populations are almost exclusively Caucasian and are drawn from all social classes. As a result of studying the 1979 papers by Bradlow et al.' and Gatzy et al.,' I commenced a pilot study of cyst fluid electrolytes, proteins, enzymes, and hormones with colleagues from the Department of Biochemistry, Christie Hospital, Manchester in 1980. We were aware of the results of Haagensen et al. on protein compounds present in breast cyst fluid.3 The initial data from the Manchester series were as follows. The mean age at presentation with breast cyst disease in the 80 women was 43.1 years. Seventeen of the women had no children, and of the 63 patients who had borne children, the mean was 2.3 children per woman. Thirty-nine of 63 women in whom the information was recorded had breast fed their children. A single cyst had been present in 40 women, and there had been multiple cysts in 40 women. The mean number of cysts in those having more than 1 aspiration was 3.3 cysts. The similarity with the 98 patients studied subsequently at Dartford is striking. In this group the mean age at presentation was 43.4 years and of the 80 women in which parity was recorded 7 had not had children. Mean parity in the 73 patients with children was 2.15. (See FIGURE 1.) A graph of the cyst incidence against age for the Dartford patients is presented in FIGURE 2. The sudden cessation of cyst development after the age of 48 years supports the view that cyst development occurs at the behest of the hormones implicated in the female menstrual cycle. The 80 Manchester patients' hospital records were inspected to review the risk of cancer development in these patients. Five of these patients had developed cancer at a median age of 48.1 years. TABLE 1 records the details of these women. Breast cancers are more aggressive in young women, and management of premenstrual breast cancer is complicated by concern about cyclical steroid stimulation of the primary and any


Specially arranged metamaterial structures may lead to a higher degree of constitutive parameter tailoring. This paper investigates a multi-fin metamaterial-loaded monopole with a metal cap. Capacitively-loaded-loop (CLL) metamaterial elements are placed on fins, radially arranged around the monopole antenna. The metamaterial fins change the radiation pattern of the monopole to a sectoral beam in the azimuth plane with a significant front-to-back ratio, and the elevation peak relocates normal to the monopole due to a metal cap. An experimental model is built with six manufactured fin inserts inside an additively manufactured (3D-printed) holder that surrounds the monopole. Simulation and measurement results are compared and show agreement.


~ His subject is the Holy Spirit in the New Testament, and, as we have said, he does not depart from it. But his book is clear evidence of the presence of the Holy Spirit in the Church and the individual to-day. For it was certainly the Holy Spirit that directed him to make the doctrine of the Holy Spirit his special and lifelong study, that he might give reality again to a doctrine which has become unreal and almost incredible


Extraordinary optical properties, biocompatibility, and chemical stability make silver nanoparticles ideal candidate for application in bio-medical field. They are stabilized by virtue of their protein conjugation property. Here we report that in addition to protein conjugation nano silver also has excellent protein stabilization property. Formation of bioconjugate with nano silver was coupled with enhanced stabilization of protein secondary and tertiary structures, thereby retaining native conformation and preventing denaturation which is a rare phenomenon with other nanomaterials. This would be of immense significance for applications of conjugated peptides where the protein functions can be utilized. Using nano silver-BSA complex as model we have characterized optimal conditions for bioconjugation and mapped protein conformational changes ensued upon formation of conjugate. Conjugated BSA showed more resistance towards thermal denaturation as compared to its native counterpart. Our approach offers promise for designing of biologically functional, stable and controllable protein-silver nanoparticle composites.


The present invention is used in modulating 3D code for transmitting digital signal. The modulator includes characteristic fundamental wave frequency controller, characteristic fundamental wave waveform controller, characteristic fundamental wave amplitude controller, frequency and waveform controlling fundamental wave generator, D/A converter and buffering and gain controlling amplifier. Under the control of the characteristic fundamental wave frequency controller and the characteristic fundamental wave waveform controller, the frequency and waveform controlling fundamental wave generator produces frequency-modulating signal; the digital signal expressed by the frequency-modulating signal is converted in the D/A converter into analog signal; and the analog signal is amplitude modulated in the buffering and gain controlling amplifier to form output modulated characteristic fundamental wave signal. The digital signal coding and modulating method is also disclosed.


Bentonite has employed by industry to exercise various structural applications due to its unique properties especially when the material is transferred to a liquid state under water. Swelling property of bentonite to produce various water suspensions, this depends upon the relative constituents of clay and water. These mixtures are employed as bonding and plasticizing agents. Bentonite provides a large surface area per unit weight of clay, due to its large surface area in stabilizing the medium to carry other chemicals. Bentonite reacts chemically with many organic materials to form compounds which are used as a gelling agent in a variety of organic liquids. Onedimensional consolidation tests are performed on four sand-bentonite mixtures containing 10, 20, 30 and 40 % by dry weight bentonite to study the 1-D compressibility behavior of compacted sandbentonite mixtures. These specimens are mixed at wet of optimum water content. To overcome the problem of the high tendency of bentonite to swell, two techniques are used. The first one is following the consolidation-swell test procedure by Nelson and Miller and the other one is mixing the soil at water content equivalent to liquid limit. The water contents for these tests are chosen in an attempt to achieve the same initial void ratio of 0.71 for all bentonite contents. Finally, final conclusion is mentioned for the effect of bentonite content on the compressibility parameters of sand-bentonite mixtures. This research arrived to that the initial water content has no effect on the mixture, which contains 10 percent bentonite, whereas a significant effect is noticed for 20 and 30 % bentonite mixtures. It was found that for mixtures containing 20 and 30 % bentonite, the compressibility parameters, Cc, Cs, av, and mv for the specimens mixed at liquid limit are higher than those for specimens mixed wet of wopt.


A good education is expected to be able to lead the community to achieve the expected success, add skills, and form a good character in individuals. The purpose of this study is to analyze the role of brand image and brand trust in creating parents' interest to sending children to Bali Public School Denpasar Elementary School through electronic word of mouth as a mediating variable. The study population was all parents of students of SD Bali Public School Denpasar with a sample used as many as 100 parents of students as respondents. The research instrument uses questionnaires as well as several other data collection methods such as observation, interviews and literature and analysis methods using descriptive analysis and inferential analysis with SEM PLS analysis. The results showed that brand image and brand trust had a positive and significant effect  on electronic word of mouth. Brand image, brand trust, and electronic word of mouth have a positive and significant effect  on the interest of parents of students. The implication of the research is the need to provide an understanding for parents that each school is able to provide adequate education for each of its students. Young teachers should receive training on an effective teaching system so that the skills of young teachers are improved in creating an effective teaching and learning process.


Among all forms of volume, the tablet is the most popular volume method available today due to its convenience of self-control, coherence and easy production; sometimes immediate relief the onset of action is necessary than conventional treatment in most cases. To overcome these barriers, a form of immediate release dose has emerged like other oral dose forms. Forms of rapid drug release dispersal immediately after treatment with an improved degree of elimination. The basic method used in pill development is the use of superdisintegrants such as Kyron T-314 based on polymer bonded Polycarboxylic acid per USP/NF and has a K+ionic form. The Kyron T-316 is a relatively new fast disintegration system specifically for acid-containing drugs that promote dispersion and dissolution. Sodium starch glycolate (Primogel, Explotab), carboxymethyl cellulose (Croscarmellose) etc. The drug categories selected for immediate release are painkillers and anti-inflammatory drugs such as Ibuprofen, Diclofenac sodium. Anti-coagulants such as Dicoumarol, Dipyridamol. Anti-Depressants like Amoxapiine. Antidiabetic as Glipizide. Antibacterial like Linezolid, antihypertensive drugs like Amlodipine, Minoxidil, Nifedipine are best for immediate release


Arusha is a very large and highly diverse region in terms of its ecology climate and inhabitants. A random cluster sample survey of nutritional status was conducted in the region between December 1987 and July 1988 with the goal of obtaining data on the number of malnourished children in the region as well as data upon factors which influence nutritional status to help planners design more effective and better targeted interventions. 5594 children under the age of 5 years were seen in 30 of the regions 475 villages. All eight districts were proportionally represented in the survey. Work of the caretaker type of caretaker the number of siblings under age 5 mothers education weaning frequency energy added to food and a history of diarrhea/fever within two weeks preceding the survey were found to influence nutritional status. The authors present comparative data for Mbulu and Monduli districts. The data suggest that emphasis in Mbulu should be given to improving family planning while the main thrust in Monduli should be upon female education. Also in Monduli cooperation with traditional birth attendants must be strengthened to ensure that women attend antenatal clinics even if they deliver at home. Consideration should be given in both districts to developing village-based monitoring systems especially since older children do not attend clinics.


Background Besides the repeated association between the &egr;4 allele of the apolipoprotein E and Alzheimer's disease, several candidate genes have been analysed with inconsistent results. Most of these studies have examined only one or two polymorphisms in a defined population, which provides a lack of a general view of the Alzheimer's disease genetic component. Objective To overcome this limitation, nine polymorphisms in seven different candidate genes (A2M, ACT, APOE, APP, BH, HSP70–2, and IL1‐A) were genotyped. Methods The sample comprised 112 Alzheimer's disease patients and 89 controls from Spain. Since haplotype reconstruction may add power to association studies, we also tested for linkage disequilibrium within the A2M and APOE genes. Results Except for the APOE gene, allele and genotype frequencies were not different between cases and controls, even when stratifying for the APOE genotype. Conclusion The present results suggest that future association studies should be performed using a battery of polymorphisms in different and new candidate genes, taking into account the linkage disequilibrium in the region.


Non-Biodegradable substances produce the greenhouse gasses, methane and carbon dioxide. Growing plants and trees on top of a landfill, a process known as 'Phyto capping', could reduce the production and release of these gasses. In certain parts of the world, it remains the most economical and simplest method of waste disposal. Biodegradation of organic matter in a landfill site occurs most rapidly when water comes into contact with the buried waste. An important step in the drive is to remove environmentally harmful materials from waste streams and drinking water. A synthetic clay known as swelling mica has the ability to separate ions of radium, a radioactive metal, from the water. The finding could have implications for radioactive and hazardous waste disposal, particularly in the cleanup of mill tailings left over from the processing of uranium for the nation's nuclear industry. The tailings contain radium and heavy metals.


The classic Roy (1951) model characterizes the optimal choice of occupation given wage offers from two or more sectors. Heckman and Honore (1990) demonstrate that any cross-sectional dataset (i.e., the observed distribution of wages in each sector and the probabilities that each sector is chosen) can be rationalized by underlying population wage distributions in which wage offers are distributed independently across sectors. We show in this paper that, under relatively innocuous assumptions (i.e., wage distributions have finite lower supports or wage distributions do not depend upon origins in a migratory setting), it is possible to non-parametrically identify a generalized Roy model that includes a non-pecuniary component of utility associated with each alternative. These results apply even in empirical settings characterized by many alternative sectors and without the need for additional covariates. The resulting generalized Roy model is of interest in classic labor economics applications of the Roy model. More generally, such a model can be used to study any setting where individuals choose among discrete treatments or behaviors and where the researcher observes both the distribution of choice probabilities and the distribution of treatment outcomes.


This paper studied the effects of high voltage electrostatic field on the seawater under the condition of constant temperature of 70oC and the initial temperatures of 70oC with no constantly heating, and in compared with the control group with no high voltage electrostatic field .Besides, this paper explored the effect of high-voltage electrostatic field on the water boiling point. The experimental results showed that water evaporation rate in the presence of high voltage electrostatic field was significantly faster than the control group, and the seawater evaporation rate under the condition of constant temperature of 70oC was 1.5 to 2.1 times faster than that of the control group; In initial temperature of 70oC, the average water evaporation rate is faster than the control group with no constant temperature heating, and experimental temperature-dropping rate was significantly faster than the control group, meanwhile the experimental group high pressure loop current was about 200uA.It was also found that as the high voltage electrostatic field strength increased the water boiling point was reduced gradually trend. The verification by the experimental results shows the mechanism that the water molecules which is polar molecules is so easy to form the electric dipole moment in high voltage electrostatic field that the hydrogen bonding between water molecules break easily, and the water vapor evaporates more quickly from the seawater. It also proved that the energy to break hydrogen bond was provided by the water inner system but not the transformation of the electric field.


Abstract The optical constants of thin films of TiNx, prepared by means of reactive electron-beam evaporation, have been investigated at the Na-D wavelength as a function of their deviation from stoichiometry (x=1). Extreme at values of x slightly below unity were observed in the optical constants. A plausible explanation, in terms of the defect structure and bonding characteristics of the compound, is given.


Introduction The evolution of most forms of life has occurred in an environment exposed to the ultraviolet (UV) and visible radiation emanating from the sun. When molecules in living cells absorb photons in this region of the electromagnetic spectrum they are promoted to excited electronic states and this process can have profound biological consequences. In general, visible wavelengths (400-780 nm) are associated with effects which are beneficial to living organisms, such as photosynthesis and vision. However, ultraviolet photons, with wavelengths below 400nm, have a capacity for damaging cells which becomes increasingly pronounced at shorter wavelengths and higher energies. Conventionally, the UV spectrum is sub-divided into three discrete sections: UVA (320-400 nm), UVR (280-320 nm) and UVC (wavelengths < 280 nm). Radiation at UVB and UVC wavelengths has genotoxic properties and is invariably harmful to living cells. By damaging the genetic material, DNA, it can induce such deleterious processes as mutagenesis, carcinogenesis and cell death [ 1,2]. This paper reviews the nature of the radiation damage produced in DNA by the direct absorption of UV photons. Special reference is made to the environmental impact of increased levels of UVB radiation in the biosphere resulting from depletion of the Ozone layer. The main focus is on the structural identity and detection of the intramolecular photoproducts derived from the purine and pyrimidine nucleobases in DNA. The role of repair


As a practice different from the traditional tourism,adventure tourism focuses on the original destination and the inner experience of tourists.Qingjiang river valley boasts of unique landscape conditions and abundant water resources,which lay a solid foundation for adventure tourism development.This paper starts with the feasibility of the development of adventure tourism in Qingjiang river valley.Then it proposes the possibility in the process of development and finally puts forward the initial concept for the adventure tourism development in Qingjiang river valley.


AbstractThe tethered space robot (TSR) plays a significant role in the noncooperative capture. Compared with traditional space robots and tethered satellite systems, the flexible tether and complex end-bodies bring great challenges to the dynamic modeling. From the topological configuration, a universal mathematical model is presented based on Hamilton's principle and Lagrange multipliers. A numerical model is derived by the finite-element method, in which the multiple rigid end-bodies, the tether mass, elasticity, and flexibility are all described. Finally, the dynamic model is validated by the comparison with the real flight data. Simulation results achieve good agreements with the real flight data.


Based on a brief review of groundwater protection measures within drinking water abstraction areas, the need for a future management of raw water quality is deducted. Experiences made by using an interactive method designed to assist groundwater protection consultants in analyzing the performance of work packages done, and to develop more efficient strategies to control raw water quality, are used to show the relation between this method and a definition of "management of raw water quality" given. Management of Raw Water Quality - Making use of a Pragmatical Interactive Method.


There is a multiplicity of methods available for assessing the usability and use of any information retrieval (IR) system: some empirical, some relying more on expert review; some appropriate to questions about the details of a particular interface design, others better suited to understanding the ways such systems impact on working practices. In this paper, we present the PRET A Reporter framework for structuring user-centred evaluation studies, illustrating its use with examples of studies conducted on one particular class of IR system: digital libraries. These examples are drawn from various research projects conducted over six years. They illustrate the importance of understanding the evaluation problem, working with available resources and constraints, considering ethics in planning and reporting studies, selecting suitable techniques for data collection and analysis and reporting results in different forms to different audiences.


Objective To systematically review the effectiveness and safety of Zhibitai vs.atorvastatin in the treatment of hyperlipidemia.Methods Randomized controlled trials(RCTs) about Zhibitai vs.atorvastatin for hyperlipidemia were electronically retrieved in databases of PubMed,CENTRAL(Issue 7,2010),CBM,CNKI,VIP and WanFang Data from inception to July,2012.Two reviewers independently screened literature,extracted data,and assessed methodological quality.hen,meta-analysis was conducted using RevMan 5.2 sotware.Results A total of 4 RCTs involving 519 cases were included.he results of meta-analysis showed,Zhibitai was superior to atorvastatin in reducing TG levels ater 8-week treatment(MD= 0.12,95%CI 0.23 to 0.01,P=0.03) and increasing HDL-C levels ater 8-week treatment(MD= 0.16,95%CI 0.22 to 0.11,P=0.000 01).But there was no signiicant diference in decreasing TC levels and LDLC levels ater 4-week treatment and 8-week treatment as well as decreasing TG levels ater 4-week treatment between the two groups.No obvious adverse reaction occurred in the two groups,but atorvastatin may impair liver function.Conclusion Current evidence with weak strength shows that,Zhibitai is superior to atorvastatin in reducing TG levels,and increasing HDL-C levels ater 8 weeks.However,they are alike in other blood-fat index and safety.Due to the limited quantity and quality of the included studies,more high quality RCTs are needed to verify the above conclusion.


The thesis attempts to hackle and clarify the classical focal semantics-pragmatics interface matters.It commences with miscellaneous meaning issues and Grice's Circle problems,followed by a discussion of the tripartite classification:explicature,impliciture and implicature,with their differences.By a case study of the word and,the thesis investigates the disputes over"what is said"and"what is implicated",over the above-mentioned tripartite classification,and over whether or how much truth-conditional content is affected by pragmatic intrusion.Then highlighted is the relevance-theoretical explicature view,Bach's impliciture view,and Levinson's neo-Gricean conversational implicature view,followed by a scant review of outsiders' points of views.


Shape memory polymers offer semi-active properties, which can be used for actuation. Possible applications are deployment or release mechanisms in spacecraft, or the shape readjustment of high precision composite parts. For these kinds of applications, especially the recovered energy density, which is the product of recovered strain and recovered stress, is an important figure of merit. The present study shows the experimental procedure for the determination of recovery energy densities for tension and compression samples. To ensure simultaneous recording of loaded recovered strain and stress, closed-loop, force-controlled recovery cycles are performed using an Instron tensile testing machine and a thermal chamber. More-dimensional working fields of a polystyrene-based shape memory polymer are determined, using the introduced experimental technique. The resulting more-dimensional working fields show the nonlinear relationships between recovery ratio, maximum strain and recovery stress. It was discovered that the optimal working points of the tension and compression mode are complementary, which leads to an extended working range of SMP actuators if both modes are considered. As an application example for SMP energy recovery, a finite element simulation of the shape readjustment of a high precision composite part is shown.


We exploit a new numerical technique for evaluating the tree order contributions to the primordial scalar and tensor power spectra for scalar potential models of inflation. Among other things we develop a good analytic approximation for the nonlocal corrections from evolution before and after horizon


BACKGROUND Intraductal papillary neoplasm of the bile duct (IPNB) and intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (IPMN) of the pancreas have similar pathological manifestations. However, they often develop separately and it is rare for both to occur together. Patients presenting with heterochronic IPMN after IPNB are prone to be misdiagnosed with tumor recurrence. CASE SUMMARY A 67-year-old male patient was admitted 8.5 years after IPNB carcinoma and 4 years after the discovery of a pancreatic tumor. A left hepatic bile duct tumor with distal bile duct dilatation was found 8.5 years ago by the computed tomography; therefore, a left hepatectomy was performed. The postoperative pathological diagnosis was malignant IPNB with negative cutting edge and pathological stage T1N0M0. Magnetic resonance imaging 4 years ago showed cystic lesions in the pancreatic head with pancreatic duct dilatation, and carcinoembryonic antigen continued to increase. Positron emission tomography showed a maximum standard uptake value of 11.8 in the soft tissue mass in the pancreatic head, and a malignant tumor was considered. Radical pancreatoduodenectomy was performed. Postoperative pathological diagnosis was pancreatic head IPMN with negative cutting edge, pancreaticobiliary type, stage T3N0M0. He was discharged 15 d after the operation. Follow-up for 6 mo showed no tumor recurrence, and quality of life was good. CONCLUSION IPNB and IPMN are precancerous lesions with similar pathological characteristics and require active surgery and long-term follow-up.


Modern lifestyles, eating habits, high blood pressure and cholesterol, a lack of regular exercise, and a lack of insulin synthesis by the pancreas are all factors that contribute to diabetes in humans. The presence of high blood glucose levels is a sign of diabetes. Retinopathy, macular edoema, cataracts, and glaucoma are all eye conditions brought on by long-term, uncontrolled diabetes. If left untreated, diabetic retinopathy (DR), one of the eye illnesses without symptoms, can lead to vision loss. Many methods built into machine learning make autonomous disease identification possible. In this study, a system for automatically


A distinctive standard for maximizing objectivity in research emerged from feminist discussions of the 1970's and 80's. The standard had to be stronger than the prevailing ones since the latter had permitted sexist and androcentric assumptions and practices to shape some of the very best research in biology and the social sciences. Of course one could expect social values and interests to influence the results of research projects that failed to insist on the most rigorous methods. But "bad science" was not the main target of criticism here. The offending projects did already meet the prevailing research standards in their disciplines, whether quantitative or qualitative. The problem was that "good science" lacked the methodological resources to detect widely-held sexist and androcentric assumptions and practices that had shaped these results of research.2


We have been studying a validation scheme for the effects of wind-tunnel blockage on grid-generated turbulence. The focus is the effects of the streamwise variation of the acceleration parameter characterizing the fluid acceleration. First, a method is used for calculating the value of the acceleration parameter from the profile of the streamwise mean velocity. Then, a validation scheme based on the spatially varying acceleration parameter is derived. This derived validation scheme builds on the standard k- model. The effects of the streamwise variation of the acceleration parameter are found to be somewhat large. Also, the decay exponent of grid-generated turbulence is sensitive to the streamwise variation of the acceleration parameter.


As a direct result of demographic and sociologic changes, increasing numbers of children are attending day care in all industrialized countries. Unfortunately, the close physical contact among children in day care favors the transmission of infectious diseases. Previous studies have focused mainly on the risk of upper respiratory tract infection (URTI) and otitis media, which are reported to occur two to three times more frequently in children attending day care centers than in those cared for at home.1-7 Similarly day-care attendance has been found to be associated with an increased risk of lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI),8 gastroenteritis,9 as well as with the dissemination of infections caused by hepatitis A,10 cytomegalovirus,11 and H. influenzae type b.12
 Despite convincing evidence for a higher risk of infection in day-care centers, most parents do not have an acceptable alternative to day care. It may be more useful, therefore, to identify the types of day-care structures associated with lower infectious risks. Family day care, in which several children are cared for in another family setting, offers a viable alternative to group day care, but previous studies have provided conflicting information on the risk of respiratory infections and otitis media in this setting. In four studies, the risks observed in family day care were very close to those of children who remained at home3-5,8; in two, they were intermediate between the risks at home and those in formal day-care centers6,7; while in two others, they were very close to those in day-care centers.13 These conflicting results can be explained by several factors including the lack of strict definitions for the different types of day-care settings and failure to control for the potentially important confounding differences in the number of children attending each type, the age range (from 2 to 60 months), and the time per week spent in the setting.


Sir Frederick Truby King, with Madelaine, at the Karitane Hospital in Wellington. Taken by Stanley Polkinghorne Andrew in December 1932.
Inscriptions: Verso - Sir Truby King & Madelaine - a general favourite up at Karitane
Quantity: 1 b&w original photographic print(s).


. Insoluble particles affect weather and climate indirectly by heterogeneous freezing process. Current weather and 12 climate models have large uncertainty in freezing process simulation due to little regarding species and number concentration 13 of heterogeneous ice-nucleating particles, mainly insoluble particles. Here, for the first time, size distribution and species of 14 insoluble particles are analyzed in 30 shells of 12 hailstones in China, using scanning electron microscopy and energy 15 dispersive X-ray spectrometry. Total 289,461 insoluble particles are detected and grouped into 3 species: organics, dust, and 16 bioprotein by machine learning methods. The size distribution of insoluble particles of each species vary greatly in different 17 hailstorms but little in shells. Further, classic size distribution modes of organics and dust were performed as logarithmic 18 normal distributions, which may be adapted in future weather and climate models though uncertainty still exists. Our finding 19 suggests that physical properties of aerosols should be considered in model simulation on ice freezing process.


Term infant was noted to have bilateral undescended testes at birth. At 6 weeks parents show bilateral swellings in lower abdomen during the infantile colic period. General practitioner and paediatrician have confirmed herniae. During examination both inguinal undescended testes were palpable in the groin with hypoplastic scrotum but no definite inguinal hernia could be seen. Bilateral Malphigian bulge or pseudohernias were evident on the right side being more prominent than the left side. Parents were requested to take photographs during peak of infantile colic. The photographs further confirmed the findings and the bulges were bilateral, diffuse in a large area, and well above the inguinal canal without any fullness or swelling of the inguinal canal or scrotum (figure 1). At 7 months …


The aim of this paper is to discuss whether the ISO 9000 concept of quality assurance is useful in a library context or not. First, the basics of the ISO 9000 series are explained. Then, the nature of the concept is discussed and the critical views raised by quality management experts are reviewed and analysed. Based on these considerations, the usefulness of the standards to special libraries and libraries is assessed. It is concluded that the ISO 9000 registration could be useful to libraries and that - in many cases - the validity of the objections raised against the concept are based on myths or dependent on how the library implement the standards. Indeed, its success will highly depend on the nature of the implementation process. It is concludes that quality actually does not seem to lie in the choice of a specific quality model or guru but more is a question of commitment and ability to learch. Finally, four recommandations based on experiences from a Nordic case-study project in quality assuracne in special libraries ares presented


IN the quantitative determination of chloride of desiccated biological tissues, particularly those containing fats, it has been amply demonstrated that complete recovery is not obtainable by the method of open Carius digestion with acid. On the other hand the use of preliminary alkaline digestion followed by the open Carius method has been shown by one of us [1933] to give quantitative recovery.


To study the benefit and contribution of bacterial nitrogen fixation to grass plants growth we used a Nif+ (LR15) and a Nif- (IM40) mutant strain of the diazotrophic bacterium Herbaspirillum seropedicae wild type SmRl. These two strains were inoculated in rice seedlings grown in an axenic system and the effects were compared to uninoculated plants, without or with addition of fixed nitrogen. The Nif + (nifH::gusA) mutant strain was also used to follow the expression of the nifH gene during the association of the diazotroph with rice. Our data show that Herbaspirillum seropedicae has the potential for biological nitrogen fixation on and inside gramineous plant tissues, although no difference in colonization and plant growth promotion was observed upon inoculation with the Nif + or Nif-strains.


Contemporary society is based on the principles of: liberty, equality, right to information and justice, but dalits are destined to remain on the periphery. Thus the so called God's own country witnessed the outburst of humiliation and cruelty against Kerala tribal who stand and protest for a piece of land in the name of 'Nilpusamaram' (stand up protest). Stand up protest is basically for the very survival of the Adivasis in Kerala .The novel narrates the struggle of Adivasis under feudal lords for their survival at Wayanad district in Kerala of the late 19 th and early 20 th centuries. The study focuses on the sorrowful tales portraying the oppression of the worst kind of the dominant caste. The study describes the hardships and sufferings of the tribal for their day to day livelihood. They have to abandon their dreams and hopes for the material pleasures of their feudal lords and the 'Thampuran'. 'Mavelimantram' records the history of the tribal who were subjected to humiliation, cruelty and death, who only wish for their survival and livelihood.


ABSTRACT In this paper, we introduce provability multilattice logic and multilattice arithmetic which extends first-order multilattice logic with equality by multilattice versions of Peano axioms. We show that has the provability interpretation with respect to and prove the arithmetic completeness theorem for it. We formulate in the form of a nested sequent calculus and show that cut is admissible in it. We introduce the notion of a provability multilattice and develop algebraic semantics for on its basis, by the method of Lindenbaum-Tarski algebras we prove the algebraic completeness theorem. We present Kripke semantics for and establish the Kripke completeness theorem via syntactical and semantic embeddings from into and vice versa. Last but not least, the decidability of is shown.


To take advantage of a very large collection of databases, a method or technique is needed that can convert a myriad of data into useful information, one of the data that can be processed is sales data at the Kamang Mart Mini Market. Kamang mart mini market is a mini market that will meet the needs of the community. As an effort to support efficient services, an orderly and thorough work procedure is needed so that it will produce fast, accurate and timely information according to the needs of consumers or the community. To facilitate the mini market in managing data, a system is needed that can produce a decision to find out which products are most in demand and needed by consumers and predict the level of stock availability. So that a lot of data can be used optimally so that later the goods needed by consumers can be fulfilled properly by the mini market and can increase sales at the Kamang Mart minimarket and can also reduce the accumulation of goods that are less desirable by consumers. The transaction data that will be processed in this study are as many as 20 transaction data. The transaction data will be examined using one of the Data Mining techniques by association rule using the Fp-Growth algorithm with a minimum support value of 30% and a confidence value of 70%. So that the pattern of product purchases is obtained which is used as information to predict the level of stock availability of goods. This research is very appropriate to be used by supermarkets in order to convey information more quickly and accurately so that sales levels are increased and well controlled.