This thesis is a study on the problems and their solution of the love relationship between Frank Gresham and Mary Thorne, two of the main characters in Trollope's Doctor Thorne. Both Frank and Mary have to face their problems in their love relationship since they come from different family backgrounds. In this study, the writer discusses the problems and the solution through their conflicts. She wants to show what problems which are faced by the two main characters and how they overcome their problems. In analyzing both Frank's and Mary's problems and the way they overcome their problems, the writer uses data from the novel itself, Doctor Thorne, supported by the literary theory of conflicts and some literary criticism of the author and his work. From the analysis, the writer concludes that Frank's problems are actually his conflicts with his parents who ask him to maintain his position. He also never receives Mary's exact answer about their love relationship. Mary's problem is her status which makes her hesitant in maintaining her love relationship with Frank. She feels that she is not suitable to be Frank's wife since she is not a wealthy lady. However, both Frank and Mary have tried to solve their problems. Frank tries to reason with his parents, he also seeks for help, while Mary solves her problem by trying to sacrifice her love for Frank. Even though they have to face some conflicts, finally they succeed in overcoming their problems.


Spectrum channel is a limited resource in mobile wireless communication. In dramatic evolvement of communication, a resource sharing scenario of heterogeneous network is a challenging. The D2D system with synchronous transmission requires a medium access control (MAC) protocol, which provides sharing resource and maintains the protection level of the existed M2M system with asynchronous transmission in the unlicensed channel. An analytical model based on the MAC protocol is exposed in order to explore the throughput performance of D2D and M2M in sharing the unlicensed resource. The throughput performance in terms of various sensing time configurations, and contention value for D2D and M2M backoff mechanism are also investigated.


The actual dissertation broadens the already existing literature of film subsidization by asking if single institutions reach their self affixed goals, if there are existing differences in achievement of objectives and if single methods of direct film funding are more effective than others. A movies economic and cultural success is approached by different types of success measures, e. g. admission numbers, and admission numbers per film copy, a positive appraisal of the "Filmbewertungsstelle Wiesbaden" and a nomination or winning of the "Deutsche Filmpreis". Therewith the discussed topic differs significant from the available literature, which focuses on basically judging the sense of a durable subsidization of German movies. For the first time an econometric control of the cultural success of German movies has been focused. For answering the interrogation, a comprehensive record of data of all films premiered between 1995 and 2004 was compiled and analysed via different specific econometric operations.


We prove that on the basis of ZF the ultrafilter theorem and the theorem of Artin–Schreier are equivalent. The latter says that every formally real field admits a total order. Introduction. In 1900 at the international congress of mathematicians in Paris Hilbert raised his famous 23 problems. Among these was the following (the 17th): Let f ∈ R[X1, . . . , Xn] be a polynomial which is positive semidefinite, i.e., f(x) ≥ 0 for all x ∈ R. Is f a sum of squares of rational functions? Hilbert already knew that f is not necessarily a sum of squares of polynomials unless n = 1. In 1927 Artin solved Hilbert's 17th problem affirmatively (cf. [1]). The methods he used were developed in the joint paper [2] with Schreier and are nowadays known as Artin–Schreier theory. The crucial notion of Artin–Schreier theory is that of a formally real field. A field K is called formally real if −1 is not a sum of squares in K. The first basic theorem proved by Artin and Schreier stated that each formally real field K admits an ordering, i.e. a subset P ⊂ K such that P + P ⊂ P , P · P ⊂ P , P ∩ −P = {0} and P ∪ −P = K. The proof runs as follows. Let T = ∑ K2 be the set of all sums of squares of K. Then T + T ⊂ T , T · T ⊂ T , K2 ⊂ T and by the assumption −1 6∈ T , i.e. T is a preordering. An application of Zorn's Lemma yields a preordering maximal for set-theoretic inclusion. Now an elementary computation shows that this maximal preordering is an ordering. In 1954 Tarski [6] mentioned that the axiom of choice (in the form of Zorn's Lemma) is not necessary. The ultrafilter theorem suffices to prove the theorem of Artin–Schreier. A proof can be found in [3] (Theorem 2.2 and Example 2.3.3). As mentioned by Tarski the problem whether the 1991 Mathematics Subject Classification: Primary 03E24; Secondary 12J15.


Objective To study the correlation between the rate of axillary lymph node metastasis and the positive rate of estrogen receptor (ER),progesterone receptor (PR) and Her-2 expression in breast cancer patients of different age. Methods The clinical-pathologic data of 259 patients with breast cancer were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were divided into elderly-group (60 yrs),middle age-group (36-60 yrs) and young age-group (≤35 yrs). Chi-square test was used to test the differences among the young,middle and elderly-groups in the rate of axillary lymph node metastasis,positive rate of ER,PR and Her-2 expression. Results The rate of axillary lymph node metastasis was higher in young age-group than in middle age-and elderly-group,but the difference was not statistically significant (P0.05). The positive rate of ER expression was lower in young age-group than in the other two groups,the differences among the three groups was statistically significant (P0.05). The rate of PR expression was lower in young age-group than in the other two groups,but the differences among the three groups was not statistically significant (P0.05). The rate of Her-2 expression was higher in young age-group than in both middle age-and elderly-group (P0.05). Conclusion The coincidence of high rate of axillary lymph node metastasis with both low ER and high Her-2 expression rate suggests the possible correlation between the former and the latter two indexes.


Traditional forms of assessment in medical education centre on a pre-defined standard to which students are compared. This comes with benefits including uniformity, clarity, and relevance. In contrast, our research looked at the value of self assessment in enabling students to critique their own ability. The gradual insights of reflective self-assessment offer students' continuous learning, personal insights, and a level of critique often beyond that of external assessors. Importantly, reflection extends beyond simple assessment but is also a form of learning.


invertebrate predator so far observed to attack overwintering adult monarchs (Leong et al. 1990). Additional observations have been made of natural enemies of adult monarchs during the breeding season. A few observations of bird predators exist (Smithers 1973; McIsaac 1991), but in most cases it is unknown whether these birds are significant predators of monarchs or naïve birds tasting a monarch for the first time. There are also several records of invertebrate predators feeding on adult monarchs, including spiders, mantids, and dragonflies (Smithers 1973; White and Sexton 1989). Despite this research focus on predators of adults, natural enemies are likely to have a more significant impact on monarch eggs and larvae. Monarchs suffer significant mortality in these stages, with less than 12% surviving to the fifth instar (Borkin 1982; Oberhauser et al. 2001). Predators and parasitoids are important factors influencing survival and population dynamics in many other insect herbivore systems (Haukioja 1994) and are likely to be important sources of mortality in monarchs as well (Borkin 1982). Only a handful of studies, however, have investigated the specific effects of predators and parasitoids on immature monarchs. Anecdotal field observations of monarch eggs and larvae cite ants, various Hemiptera species, coccinelids, cockroaches, spiders, wasps, lacewing larvae, and red velvet mites as monarch predators (Smithers 1973; Borkin 1982; Zalucki and Kitching 1982; pers. observ.). However, quantification of the importance of these predators is inconsistent or lacking, with a few exceptions. Calvert (1996, 1999, this volume) describes introduced fire ants (SolenopINTRODUCTION


SCOPE
Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is a common disease with a high incidence. Because traditional drugs have obvious side effects, it is desired to find more effective drugs.

METHODS AND RESULTS
This study investigates the effects of melanin from Inonotus hispidus fruiting bodies (IHFM) on acute alcoholic injury mice and detects the protective mechanisms via the gut-microbiota-liver axis. The results show that IHFM alleviates mouse liver injury by enhancing alcohol metabolism capacity, reducing inflammation response level and strengthening antioxidant activities. IHFM also improves mouse liver injury by activating Nrf2 signaling pathway and inhibiting TLR4/NF-κβ signaling pathway. Furthermore, 16S amplification sequencing shows that IHFM could significantly increase the relative abundance of Lactobacillus reuteri and Lactobacillus johnsonii. The relative abundance of Lactobacillus reuteri is positively correlates with an antioxidant index, while negatively correlates with inflammatory factors.

CONCLUSION
IHFM could protect mice from acute alcoholic liver injury by up-regulating the Nrf2 signaling pathway, down-regulating the TLR4/NF-κβ signaling pathway, and upregulating the relative abundance of L. reuteri and L. johnsonii, representing a step forward in the development of IHFM. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.


A server and a method for transmitting an item to a TV device are provided. The server includes: an item determining unit which determines an item corresponding to broadcast content, based on the metadata of the broadcast content; an item transmitting unit which transmits the item to a TV device when a service start request is received from the TV device reproducing broadcast content; a receiving unit which receives a click event for a displayed item from the TV device when the item is displayed on the TV device; and a score managing unit which updates a service score corresponding to the TV device, based on the received click event.


The dielectric, piezoelectric, and acoustic properties of PMN-0.32PT (Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3) O3-PbTiO3) single crystals were investigated as a function of sample thickness ranging from 120 to 30 μm in order to enlighten the origin of property degradation of crystals for high frequency ultrasound applications. Electromechanical coupling factor (kt ), clamped and free dielectric constants decreased but sound velocity increased with decreasing crystal thickness. Particularly, repoling of the PMN-PT crystals would bring about a noteworthy enhancement in electromechanical and dielectric properties, which urges the importance of PMN-PT as a promising piezoelectric material for high frequency ultrasound transducers.


Anatomy - Facial injuries - Minor injuries to head and neck - Fractured facial bones - Head injury - Blackouts, syncope, and epilepsy - Migraine - Sleep disturbances - The eye - Ear problems - Nasal problems - Upper respiratory tract


Carbohydrates are the major source of energy for the living cells, they  are the first cellular constituents that synthesized during photosynthesis from carbon dioxide and water by green plants through absorption of sun light. To be used as source of  energy,  carbohydrates  compounds should undergo series of enzymatic metabolic stages in the cell. Beside the energy productions, catabolism of carbohydrates provides different intermediates molecules for the synthesis of biomolecules like fatty acids, amino acids, DNA, and RNA. Among the three main examples  of monosaccharide (i.e: glucose, galactose, and mannose), glucose is considered as the central molecule in carbohydrate metabolism that all the major pathways of carbohydrate metabolism relate to it. Glucose is also an essential component of cellular metabolism in maintaining carbon homeostasis. Liver has shown to play a key role in monitoring and stabilizing blood glucose levels, therefore, it can be considered as glucostate monitor. In this article, we will review  the major metabolic pathways of carbohydrate metabolism, their biochemical role in cellular energy production, and latest development in the understanding in these fields. Also, we discuss about the factors that participate in regulation of blood glucose concentration. We believe understand these process is essential for control scarbohydrate-related human disorders.


Objective To study the effect of intrathecally injected group Ⅰ metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluRs) antagonist on the thermal pain threshold in morphine tolerant rats.Methods Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into six groups with 6 rats in each.Four days after intrathecal catheterization the animals were given intrathecal (i.t.) administration of saline (10 μL),morphine (10 μg),morphine (10 μg) plus 1-aminoindan-1,5-dicarboxylic acid (AIDA,60 nmol),morphine (10 μg) plus 2-methyl-6-phenylethynyl-pynidine (MPEP,60 nmol),AIDA (60 nmol) or MPEP (60 nmol) twice a day for 7 consecutive days.Tail flick latency (TFL) was measured before and 30 min after drug administration to assess thermal pain threshold in each group.Results TFL of group M was significantly higher than that of group C on the 1 and 2 d (P0.05),but decreased gradually thereafter;there was no significant difference between group M and C on 7 d (P0.05).TFL of group MA and group MM decreased more slowly than that of group M.TFL of group MA was higher than that of group MM,especially during 3 to 7 d,but the difference between group MM and group MA was not significantly different.Conclusion Group Ⅰ mGluRs is involved in morphine tolerance and its antagonist can inhibit the development of morphine tolerance.(Shanghai Med J,2010,33:316-318)


The dispersion relation of electromagnetic waves propagating in an elliptical plasma waveguide with a cold collisionless unmagnetized plasma column and a dielectric rod is studied analytically. The frequency spectrum of the hybrid waves and the growth rate for excitation of the waves by a thin annular relativistic elliptical electron beam (TAREEB) is obtained. The effects of relative permittivity constant of dielectric rod, geometrical dimensions, plasma frequency, accelerating voltage, and current density of TAREEB on the growth rate and frequency spectra of the waveguide will be investigated.


The topic of this study is 'the Administration of Land in Sarawak'. A case study on Samarahan Division this study is aimed, to find out the administrative and regulatory system which land in Sarawak as a whole and in Samarahan division in particular. Development of land administration is a vast topic to study which lead to the complexity of the land administration.


The 3# coal seam of Changping mine is very difficult to exhausting and mining, which is with high gas and low permeability. Based on 3# coal seam conditions, geological conditions and gas conditions, this paper utilized protective layer mining theory, and identified gas disaster control means of 3# coal seam by mining underside protective seam. The protective effect due to protective layer mining of 3# coal seam was determined by numerical simulation. According to 3# coal seam mining engineering with the protective layer conditions, this paper developed the gas drainage with pressure relief program of 3# coal seam which provided a technology support to 3# coal seam gas control.


For more than 35 years, SCK•CEN has been investigating the possibility of high-level and/or long-lived radioactive waste disposal in the Boom Clay in NE-Belgium, including the study of the regional hydrogeology and geochemistry of the aquifer systems surrounding the Boom Clay. This study presents the analysis and modelling of groundwater geochemistry in the confined aquifers below the Boom Clay in NE-Belgium. This so-called deep aquifer system includes, with increasing depth, parts of the Oligocene Aquifer System, The Bartoon Aquitard System and the Ledo-Paniselian-Brusselian Aquifer System.


The American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) 2002 staging system (AJCC 2002) suggested that squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity (OSCC) with T4b is unresectable. The current retrospective results show that selected T4b patients were resectable with favorable outcomes.


It is well established that motoneurons in the adult vertebrate can undergo considerable structural changes /1-3/. These changes include axonal sprouting induced in remaining axons after partial denervation of the target. The capacity of motoneurons to increase motor unit size is enormous and was found to amount to a factor of five in rat muscles /4/ , although there are some doubts as to whether motoneurons and/or muscle fibers can maintain their increased load for life (see /5 / for discussion of the post-polio syndrome). Several toxins which cause transmission block induce axonal sprouting and new synapse formation (for reviews see /1-3/); for example, botulinum toxin, locally applied for therapeutic reasons in the treatment of blepharospasm, irreversibly blocks transmitter release which is overcome within weeks and months by sprouting and new synapse formation. Transmission regularly recovers after as many as 10 repeated toxin injections /6/ , indicating again the enormous regenerative capacity of motoneurons.


Advanced metering infrastructure (AMI) refers to the electricity service infrastructure between electricity consumers and suppliers and is technically essential for the realization of a smart grid environment. To implement AMI, various communications technologies are being used based on the application environment according to the utility. However, using a single communications method can give rise to attenuation in the downtown underground distribution line section or cause higher supply costs due to decreased density in the range from farming to fishing areas. A hybrid AMI is one solution to this problem. According to an economic analysis of previous AMI deployment, the cost to install a communications network accounts on average for 45% of the total cost. Since the installation cost of a communications network is influenced by the density of the installation environment, a hybrid AMI, which allows the configuration of a flexible network using both wired and wireless communications, can be a good alternative, both technically and financially. This study conducted a simulation based on density of the installation environment and configuration of the communications network to analyze the economic effect of installing a hybrid AMI communications network. It assumed that a hybrid AMI was deployed in an overhead distribution line in a low-density area. The simulation outcomes were compared and analyzed against the power line communication (PLC)-only AMI method. The results showed that the hybrid AMI method had a 10% communications network cost reduction effect compared to the PLC-only AMI method. In addition, the analysis indicated that there was a maximum 19% cost reduction effect in communications network installation depending on the method of network installation, suggesting that the hybrid AMI was economically more effective than the PLC-only AMI method.


OBJECTIVES:Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)-covered stent grafts appear to have the potential to improve TIPS patency, but data available are few and controversial. The aim of this prospective nonrandomized trial was to assess TIPS safety and 1-yr patency with a new commercially available PTFE-covered stent graft in comparison with a group of historical controls treated with conventional stents.METHODS:Between July 1992 and December 1999, 87 consecutive cirrhotics underwent TIPS with conventional stents, while from January 2000 to November 2001, 32 consecutive cirrhotics were treated with PTFE-covered stent grafts. All patients were followed by the same medical team according to a prospective protocol for a diagnostic work-up and a surveillance strategy.RESULTS:The two groups were comparable for age, sex, etiology, and severity of cirrhosis. The 1-yr probability of remaining free of shunt dysfunction tended to be higher in the covered stent group: 76.3% (95% CI = 58.7–93.9%) versus 57.5% (95% CI = 46.6–68.4%); log rank test: p= 0.055. However, stenoses inside the stent were significantly higher in patients with bare stents (88% vs 17%), while stenoses at the hepatic or portal vein were more frequent in PTFE-covered stent-graft group (50%vs 9% and 33%vs 3%, respectively), (χ2= 15.42; df= 2.0; p= 0.0004). Stenoses inside the covered portion of the stent did not occur. One-year cumulative rebleeding, encephalopathy, and survival were similar.CONCLUSIONS:PTFE-covered stents are able to solve pseudointimal hyperplasia within the stent tract, but have a high incidence of hepatic or portal vein stenosis. Improvements in stent design and insertion techniques are necessary to fully achieve the potential benefit of this new device.


With Ag-loading MWNTs antibacterial agent as functional material, the antibacterial functional PET fibers were prepared by melt blending spinning-draft one-step method. The crystallinity and the orientation of specimens were characterized by differential scanning calorimetry, polarization microscope and sound velocimeter. Moreover, the mechanical properties and antibacterial properties were measured. The results showed that the antibacterial PET fibers had good spinnability when the content of Ag-loading MWNTs less than 1.0 % (wt); compared with pure PET fibers, the degree of crystallinity, the degree of orientation and the fracture strength were improved, but the elongation was decreased; the antibacterial PET fibers exhibited excellent antibacterial properties against E.coli by the method of flask shaking.


FIELD: physics, nuclear. SUBSTANCE: invention relates to travelling wave nuclear reactors. This process comprises determination of mean rate of material amount variation and of flow in a cell, determination of renewed amount of material in the cell on the basis of said mean rate and correction of renewed material amount in the cell by some amount. EFFECT: possibility of control over travelling wave. 30 cl, 22 dwg


Exosomes, membrane vesicles released extracellularly from cells, contain nucleic acids, proteins, lipids and other components, allowing the transfer of material information between cells. Recent studies reported the role of exosomes in pathogenic microbial infection and host immune mechanisms. Brucella‐invasive bodies can survive in host cells for a long time and cause chronic infection, which causes tissue damage. Whether exosomes are involved in host anti‐Brucella congenital immune responses has not been reported. Here, we extracted and identified exosomes secreted by Brucella melitensis M5 (Exo‐M5)‐infected macrophages, and performed in vivo and in vitro studies to examine the effects of exosomes carrying antigen on the polarization of macrophages and immune activation. Exo‐M5 promoted the polarization of M1 macrophages, which induced the significant secretion of M1 cytokines (tumour necrosis factor‐α and interferon‐γ) through NF‐κB signalling pathways and inhibited the secretion of M2 cytokines (IL‐10), thereby inhibiting the intracellular survival of Brucella. Exo‐M5 activated innate immunity and promoted the release of IgG2a antibodies that protected mice from Brucella infection and reduced the parasitaemia of Brucella in the spleen. Furthermore, Exo‐M5 contained Brucella antigen components, including Omp31 and OmpA. These results demonstrated that exosomes have an important role in immune responses against Brucella, which might help elucidate the mechanisms of host immunity against Brucella infection and aid the search for Brucella biomarkers and the development of new vaccine candidates.


Why is it that in some cases of collective violent urban unrest exercised by youths, violence declines after a certain time span whereas in other cases violence reoccurs within periodical intervals ...


The first criterion of self-duality for geometric Goppa codes has been given by Driencourt and Michon (1985) for codes constructed from elliptic curves. Our aim is to effectively construct self-dual geometric Goppa codes. One example is given at the end which was done using the implementation of the Brill-Noether algorithm written in AXIOM by the author.


Neodymium-doped Si thin films (Si:Nd) have been controllably synthesized over the Nd concentration ranging from 1019 to 1021 cm–3 by laser ablation, which is a useful and simple technique to control the Nd doping level into a host material. Intense and sharp Nd3+–related photoluminescence (PL) is observed from 10 K up to room temperature. From the PL spectra and their temperature and Nd concentration dependence, it is found that Nd3+ emissions result from the indirect excitation of Nd3+ through the energy transfer of electron-hole pairs created in the SiOx host, which is formed into the Si matrix (© 2010 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)


Based on IFRS laws, British companies have started providing their reporting systems according to International Standards Requirements regarding disclosing their financial derivatives since January 2005. In 2013, Iran revised its Accounting Standard No. 15 to include the derivative instruments. The present study aims at investigating the effect of this revision on financial derivatives and instruments, and the effect of earning management on the relationship between the level of financial derivatives and instruments and risk-adjusted discount rates. From generalized least squares regression panel data, it was found that based on the first hypothesis, the companies which disclose their financial instruments based on No. 15 internal standard have a lower riskadjusted discount rate, implying an increase in profit and a price rise in the markets. The findings also confirmed the second hypothesis, attesting to the effect of earning management on the relationship between financial derivatives and instruments disclosure and excess return. Findings of the research third hypothesis represent that there is a direct meaningful relationship between disclosure level of financial instruments and company value. So, it can be concluded that instruments` disclosures and financial derivatives can decrease risk-adjusted discount rate and increase companies` values in terms of standard number 15.


This study investigated the attitude of Taiwanese pre-service English teachers towards the competition and cooperation with native English speaking teachers (NESTs) in the English language teaching (ELT) profession. This study employed mixed-methods which included 258 surveys, and 35 interviews from five normal universities and universities of education in Taiwan. The findings show that most participants see NESTs as strong competitors in the employment market, but are not against the policy of hiring NESTs if they are qualified teachers. They believe team teaching with NESTs is beneficial to their students and are willing to team teach with NESTs, but are worried about being 'marginalized' by their students and NESTs. They are also concerned about the conflicts and tensions resulting from the process of communicating with NESTs. To help these prospective English teachers fulfill their duties in their upcoming teaching career, teacher education needs to take greater responsibility in supporting the teachers' professional lives.


We analyse the performance of a large sample of Socially Responsible (SR) stocks relative to a Control Sample (CS) of equivalent size for 14 years. We find that individual SR stocks have on average significantly lower returns and unconditional variance than CS stocks when controlling for industry effects. This result is paralleled by descriptive evidence on the lower (daily return) mean and variance of the buy-and-hold strategies on the SR portfolio with respect to those on the control portfolio. Beyond this first evidence we discover that: (i) individual SR stocks are significantly less risky when controlling for conditional heteroskedasticity; (ii) there are no significant differences in risk-adjusted returns between the two buy-and-hold strategies on (SR and CS) portfolios; (iii) the buy-and-hold strategies on the SR portfolio exhibits significantly lower exposition to systematic nondiversifiable risk. These last findings are robust to different–market model, Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroskedasticity (GARCH(1, 1)), Asymmetric Power ARCH (APARCH(1, 1))–model specifications.


Background Antimicrobial resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG), the causative organism of gonorrhea, has posed a serious threat worldwide. Gonorrhea is a sexually transmitted disease with a high morbidity burden and is an important cause of pelvic inflammatory disease. The failure of recommended dual therapy with ceftriaxone and azithromycin has compromised the general and reproductive health of infected individuals. Thereby, Neisseria gonorrhoeae was recently classified as a 'Priority 2' microorganism by the World Health Organization. Consequently, persistent attempts are under way to discover novel drug targets as well as new drugs to fight against Neisseria. In this direction, considerable number of phytochemicals have been reconnoitred for their remedial intercession via targeting bacterial proteins. Methods MurI gene is specific to the bacterial kingdom, it can be exploited as a potential drug target for the treatment of bacterial diseases. Accordingly, diverse families of phytochemicals were screened in silico for their binding affinity with NG-MurI protein. Esculetin, one of the shortlisted compounds, was evaluated for its functional, structural and anti-bacterial activity. MurI was cloned, expressed and purified to homogeneity and used for testing the effect of esculetin on its racemase activity under invitro conditions. We further evaluated the effect of esculetin on sensitive and drug resistant strains of NG. Results We screened various classes of natural compounds and found esculetin, a coumarin derivative as a potent compound to target its effect on the growth of Neisseria gonorrhoeae.Treatment with esculetin resulted in growth inhibition, cell wall damage and altered permeability as revealed by fluorescence and electron microscopy. Furthermore, esculetin inhibited racemization activity of recombinant, purified MurI protein of NG, an important enzyme required for peptidoglycan biosynthesis. Conclusions Our results suggest that esculetin could be further explored as a lead compound for developing new drug molecules against multidrug resistant strains.


History demonstrates that ideology and censorship are two concepts that appear to be inextricably linked to the translation process. Who translates, under what circumstances, and for what purposes are only some of the questions that come to mind as we attempt to examine the activity of translation, cognizant of the notion that 'the ideology of a translation resides not simply in the text translated, but in the voicing and stance of the translator, and in its relevance to the receiving audience' (Tymoczko 2003, p. 183). There are numerous examples where transformations of historical accounts and literary texts have resulted in the omission or distortion of information for ideological and political purposes. In his preface to the Ukrainian translation (1947) of Animal Farm, George Orwell conveyed his awareness that a translation may not always be understood in the way the writer of the work intended it to be. Perhaps it is for this reason that, in addressing Ukrainian prisoners of war outside the Soviet Union, Orwell felt compelled to explain his background as a world traveller and avid reader, all the while recognizing his own lack of first-hand experience of that country: 'And here I must pause to describe my attitude to the Soviet régime. I have never visited Russia and my knowledge of it consists only of what can be learned by reading books and newspapers' (1945/1989, p. 117). Much like Orwell, who was able to view with remarkable insight and perspicacity a political apparatus he had never experienced up close, we today are able to gather information about places unknown to us, talk about them, form opinions and question the viability of their leaders and governments, bombarded as we are by news and information that come to us through different media from diverse corners of the planet, either in the original language or, more frequently, in translation. The difference between our time and Orwell's, as regards the ability to absorb and process information, is not so much the nature of the information itself since, in the main, the problem of its transmission – be it faithful, pseudo-faithful, or distorted – remains constant. What has changed, however, is the overwhelming quantity of sources and immediateness of the data we receive, with the result that the discipline of Translation, functioning as a vehicle for making information accessible from one culture to another, has had to adapt to this plethora of different sources and voices.


The occurrence of oscillations in a well-known asymptotic preserv- ing (AP) numerical scheme is investigated in the context of a linear model of diffusive relaxation, known as the P1 equations. The scheme is derived with operator splitting methods that separate the P1 system into slow and fast dy- namics. A careful analysis of the scheme shows that binary oscillations can occur as a result of a black-red diffusion stencil and that dispersive-type os- cillations may occur when there is too little numerical dissipation. The latter conclusion is based on comparison with a modified form of the P1 system. Numerical fixes are also introduced to remove the oscillatory behavior.


Mark Salter's (2007) article involves an imaginative use of Foucault's ideas of heterotopia and confessionary complex to understand the bordering activities that take place at airports. In my opinion, two particularly important features of the article lie in its countering both excessively laudatory accounts of airports as transversal places and the similarly frequent failure to note the relative inefficiencies with which airports fulfill their security functions because of their inherent contradictions (screening for objects versus identifying dangerous persons, etc.) and all of the other activities they carry out, such as transportation and, increasingly, shopping by those not subject to containment and deportation. In a number of respects, however, it is …


For the purposes of this article &dquo;Image&dquo;, which sounds dry, iconish, and slightly technical, and &dquo;Picture&dquo;, which sounds warmer and seems to have artistic overtones, will be treated as synonyms. Authors often use vague titles for articles about images like &dquo;Image Processing&dquo; or &dquo;Image Management&dquo; enabling them to write about any aspect from pattern recognition to art collections. The fact that they are talking about images in electronic form is taken as read. Most people hear about images in connection either with the huge amount of research in progress on image recognition for vision systems in robotics, or because of mere ubiquity-images appear on computer screens, in TV advertisements, in technical articles, at exhibitions, or even (at the time of writing) on enormous TV screens stuck into the snow at the end of ski-jumps. A list of &dquo;Imaging&dquo; and associated topics is shown in Table 1. The boundary between &dquo;Images&dquo; and &dquo;Graphics&dquo; is hard to define. &dquo;Telecoms-specific&dquo; covers the problems of satisfactory transmission of images, particularly in networks. &dquo;Disciplinaryspecific&dquo; includes those areas where images are important. They include Cartography, Medicine,


Methods for understanding and optimizing the performance of streaming applications are examined in the context of two prototype processors, VIRAM and Imagine. We compare their performance on a set of multimedia benchmarks (a subset of the EEMBC suite), as well as a simple vector addition microbenchmark. We demonstrate our approach for optimizing the performance of streaming applications using an example from our multimedia benchmarks. Finally, we discuss the maturity of the application development tools for the two architectures, and conclude with the future directions that the architectures may be taking.


The State of Minas Gerais is known for being the most traditional cheese producer in Brazil and part of those products are artisanal. About 90% of the milk used to produce cheese results in whey. Whey processing is of great importance due to its nutritional quality, volume and pollutant capacity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the economic viability of dulce de leche production with the addition of whey  from Serro cheese production. Formulations of dulce de leche were elaborated added with whey concentrations of 10%, 20%, 30%, 40% and 50%. The total investment for the production of the dulce de leche was R$359,26 (US$110.72). The fixed cost was R$18,00 (US$5.55). The variable costs stayed between R$81,07 (US$24.98) and R$96,91 (US$29.87). The sales price varied between R$5,36 (US$1.65) and R$5,47 (US$1.69). The performance indicators showed that the formulation with the highest percentage of whey added was more profitable. The profitability was approximately 27% for the formulation with the lowest percentage of whey added. The return time for the investment was 4 months for all the formulations. The equilibrium point for dulce de leche production is at the sales of 8 units. It can be concluded that it is economically viable to utilize whey for the production of the dulce de leche .


Throughout the modern era the British seaside has been a site of unusual and experimental architecture. Constituting fringe environments of various kinds, it has for just as long been a location of cultural novelty and social mixing, which arguably could not have happened in the same way in more central and closely governed places.


Abstract The equilibrium moisture content (EMC) characteristics of high oleic sunflower seeds and kernels between 10 and 55°C were determined by equilibrating the samples to known relative humidities (RH) above saturated salt solutions. EMC of the kernels was lower than that of seeds in the range of 11 to 96% ERH and at 25 and 40°C. Hysteresis effect was found for the EMC properties of seeds and kernels at 25°C. Four EMC–ERH models (modified Henderson, Chung-Pfost, Halsey, and Guggenheim–Anderson–de Boer) and their estimated parameters were evaluated for goodness of fit. GAB and Halsey equations showed the best fitting of experimental data although GAB equation adjusted for temperature described the EMC data the best. Components of the seed as oil content or hull/kernel ratio did not explain the slight differences in EMC found between the varieties.


Taking the north forest edge as a central point, The character of temporal and spatial distribution of air temperature were studied along sample line from the interior of forest to the center of gap in rubber forest in dry season in Xishuangbanna, The results indicated that: Main thermodynamic surface lies in ground when leaves fallen in dry season, but effect of temperature increasing of forest edge is significant, Income and outcome of heat in all thermodynamic surface is physical foundation of microclimate creasing in gap; Because of the influence of the angle and the azimuth of the sun,weather,the ratios of height of edge\|arbor to diameter of gap and canopy structure of edge\|arbor, Components of net radiation will vary,Difference of structure of community is direct cause of diversity of microclimate in gap; Condition of foggy environment lead to thermoynamic condition of gap and its edge is distinctive, mainly show that temporal and spatial variation of air temperature is not significant in the morning in study site, the curve of horizontal variation of air temperature approximate to horizontal line; variation is not significant even if it is in 12 hour; The curve of diurnal variation of air temperature of the interior,the edge,the center of gap is single\|peak, but time of peak fall behind the open, degree of respective variation is different; North edge is source of low temperature at 8 hour, the temperature close to edge is low, it is source of high temperature, the temperature close to edge is high; The daily average maximum temperature and daily range of air temperature was: North edge South edge the center the interior ; The average temperature of day and afternoon was: North edge South edge the center the interior, The morning average temperature was not significant; effect of temperature increasing of forest edge was confined to itself ,it wound drive temperature of other sites increasing effect of temperature increasing of forest edge decrease according to index curve, it vary with time.


Autopsy is a postmortem investigation of the body to determine the cause of death or extent of disease, also serving a quality assurance role by evaluating diagnostic and therapeutic procedures and outcomes in clinical medicine. Autopsy also holds promise in medical education as a focal point for integration and correlation of basic & clinical medical knowledge. Unfortunately, the vast educational potential goes unrealized due to several barriers such as clinicolegal risks, potential exposure to biohazardous materials, limited time, space, and negative stigma. On the other hand, cadaveric dissection in gross anatomy is in rapid decline in medical education as sweeping curricular changes continue to reduce contact hours in favor of systemic and clinical integration. The situation was exacerbated by the COVID‐19 pandemic, which demanded expeditious online migration of classes and will likely have a long lasting and transformative impact on the educational landscape. At this time, a unique opportunity exists to adopt an autopsy protocol for cadaveric dissection in gross anatomy to actualize the untapped potential of clinical practice. Therefore, in a pilot project, the feasibility and perceived value of adopting autopsy protocol in cadaveric dissection were evaluated. Four students with regional gross anatomy dissection experience and faculty (n=2) completed dissections of four cadavers using an en masse autopsy protocol. First, external examination of the whole body noting all surface anatomy including scars, abrasions, contusions, and tumors, provided an opportunity to make acquaintance with the body donor. Second, thoracic and abdominopelvic organs were removed en masse (Figure 1) with minimal disruption to the musculoskeletal framework, preserving most neurovascular supply and anatomic relationships of multiple organ systems. The en masse organ block was further dissected into organ system blocks to demonstrate relationships of individual organs. Finally, the musculoskeletal system of the main body frame was regionally dissected. Unstructured interviews of faculty and students were conducted to gauge experience and perceptions of autopsy protocol in cadaveric dissection. A survey of student dissectors (n=4) and observers (n=4) was conducted to qualitatively assess educational value. All participants unanimously reported that autopsy protocol and the en masse organ blocks would benefit gross anatomy education. Students reported new knowledge gained on the boundary of the peritoneum, retroperitoneal structures, ligaments of the visceral organs, and spatial relationships of organ systems that are lost in regional dissections. These outcomes suggest that integrating an en masse autopsy protocol in a gross anatomy course is a viable option that offers a clinical approach to learning gross anatomy. Taken together, adopting autopsy protocol in some form in medical education holds ample opportunity to integrate multiple basic science subjects and clinical practice. Educational value of the autopsy protocol in gross anatomy education will be investigated in the future studies.


In this paper,the insurance for taking negative binomial random sequences of Compound Poisson risk model was discussed.The Lundberg inequality and upper boundary of the ruin probability are got.


We propose Depth Cube Display (DCD) method using depth map. The structure of the proposed method consists of two parts: A projection part composed of projector for generating image and a Twisted Nematic Liquid Crystal display (TNLCD) as polarization modulating device for adjusting the proper depth and a display part composed of air-spaced stack of selective scattering polarizers which make the incident light to scatter selectively as the polarization of light rays. The image from projector whose depth is determined as passing through the TN-LCD displaying depth map progresses into the stack of selective scattering polarizers and then three-dimensional image is generated. At that time, the polarization of each polarizer is set 0°, 45° and 90° sequentially, and then the incident light rays are scattered by different polarizer as the polarization of these rays. If the light ray has the polarization between those of polarizers, this light ray is scattered by multi polarizers and the image of this ray is generated on gap between polarizers. The proposed method is more simple structure and implemented easily than previous DCD method.


The authors offer a "lucid, incisive, many-faceted look at the issue of the meaning of Shalom/eirene and related terms in the Bible" (Walter Harrelson, The Divinity School, Vanderbilt University).


8566 Background: The incidence of malignant melanoma has risen dramatically over the past decades. Prognosis for patients with metastatic melanoma is poor and treatment options are limited. Complete surgical resection is frequently front line therapy for patients with resectable metastases. However this is only an option if relapse is diagnosed early. PET imaging using 2-flourine-18, 2-fluro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (FDG) has been used successfully for staging of metastatic melanoma. However it's usefulness in surveillance for patients at high-risk of relapse (resected stage III and IV disease) has not been well studied. We conducted a retrospective review of our institutional experience using PET scanning as part of regular follow up in patients with resected stage III or IV melanoma for the purpose of detection of early recurrence. Methods: Retrospective review of the medical records of 667 consecutive patients seen at Mayo Clinic from 12/13/1999–1/1/2007, with the diagnosis of malignant melanoma for whom PET ...


Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) are recently used in deformation monitoring aplications, e.g., estimating infrastructure and motion of crustal plate. The new improvement of GNSS instruments which allow high-precision with 24 hours availability data processing. Deformation measurement techniques were considered and mostly used by geodesy specialist will be reviewed. The need of doing the deformation measurements periodically in engineering structures will be emphasised. In this research, monitoring displacement on a dam structure were conducted using GNSS survey and terestrial survey base on Total Station and Waterpass. Analyses will be carried out with the focus of assessing the position precision that can be acquired using GNSS and terrestrial survey. This paper also emphasize the role of GNSS and terestrial application in deformation especially for dam monitoring.


Classification of catalysts according to their active sites can be done by catalytic test reactions. In contrast to acid catalysed test reactions which are actually well understood there is a need to study base catalysed reactions in detail. Therefore reactions in gas phase like conversion of methyl butynol (MBOH) and isopropanol and in liquid phase like Knoevenagel condensation were investigated. It was found that the conversion of isopropanol yields propene as the only product over the catalysts which have no redox ability while the reaction was sensitive to nature of the active centers in case of redox active catalysts. For the conversion of MBOH, the formation of MBYNE was an indication for acidic sites in the investigated solids whereas acetone and acetylene were found to be the products of the basic pathway. In addition, a new mechanism was proposed for the formation of the product 3-methyl-3-butyn-2-on (MIPK) requiring not only strong acid sites but also a special structural environment. A comparison between MBOH conversion and Knoevenagel condensation shows that the two test reactions used in the present study characterize the same basic properties proving the explanatory power of the test reaction.


I n his most recent book, Our Underachieving Colleges, Derek Bok (2006) points out the irony that "a great wall separates the world of research from the world of practice." Academics seem to study most everything there is to study except what works best for the process of learning. In fact, faculty often perpetuate their own pedagogy without the same scrutiny and skepticism they apply to other modes of instructional delivery. Perhaps there is no better example in higher education of this double standard than the often dismissive, monolithic, and negative way distance learning is viewed. The less one knows, the more one criticizes. Five years ago, Boston University (BU) made an important commitment to distance education. Rather than introduce individual online courses-which were being developed individually and sporadically by interested faculty-BU built a model and evolving infrastructure and committed entire degree programs to an online format for a purely off-campus audience. The first program was a master's degree in criminal justice, offered through Metropolitan College. It was designed as a lockstep course carousel with two sequential, seven-week courses per semester, so students could be admitted at any of the six entry points during the academic year. Students take the same course each term in groups of about 15. The BU model-with high enrollments in the fewest number of courses-allows the school to significantly invest in the development and support of each course. Rather than mix local and online students, BU markets its programs nationally to populations interested in pursuing an entire degree program on the web. The overarching concern was to develop distance learning cautiously and self-consciously so the reputation of the university would be preserved and even enhanced. Students and faculty have made major commitments as well. Students dedicate about 20 hours weekly to each highly interactive online course as they progress through their degree program. Academic departments commit to offering entire degrees online, with individual faculty serving as course developers, course instructors, and facilitators of individual sections. BU's online education venture also required a growing investment in distance learning operations from the instructional design and enrollment services departments. likewise, administrative offices throughout the university added personnel and systems to work with online students, and academic departments dedicate one faculty member to coordinate academic oversight and a staff member to manage admissions and student services. As the Criminal Justice program grew, BU added others. The administrative model evolved from a heavy dependence on a corporate partner, who received a majority of the revenue in exchange for incurring all development and marketing costs, towards greater responsibility internally. Now the corporate partner only recruits the students in exchange for a smaller portion of the revenue. Online academic programs continue to be added beyond just Metropolitan College, in graduate disciplines that draw new audiences to Boston University. Faculty repeatedly expressed satisfaction with the caliber and commitment of


This paper studies the rule of diffraction generated when the electromagnetic wave propagation falls across barriers.According to the difference of topological structures of barriers,this paper analyzes and studies the diffractions of single knife-edge,flat-topped obstacle,little grade ground,and fetches the corresponding diffraction formulas,then studies to calculate the diffraction faction of the practical physiognomy of multiple knife-edge mounting,which has good reference to the electromagnetic wave propagation diffraction over barriers.


As judicial review has expanded beyond its heartland — namely, control of the exercise by government of statutory powers — its perimeter has become increasingly uncertain. Yet, as techniques of governance evolve — thanks, among other developments, to contractualisation, corporatisation and reliance upon commercial and voluntary entities to provide public services — delineating the extent to which judicial review applies, and should apply, in atypical settings is an increasingly pressing challenge. This article argues that the scope of judicial review cannot be delimited in principled or consistent terms without first confronting the logically prior question: what is judicial review for? It is argued that the normative foundation of judicial review consists in three interlocking factors — respect for legality and the rule of law, the need to control government, and the public interest in good governance — and that, in combination, these factors can be used to determine the appropriate province of judicial review. The analysis developed in parts I and II of the paper is applied, in part III, to several problem areas in which courts have notably struggled to adopt (or at least articulate) a coherent approach when presented with novel questions about the legitimate reach of judicial review.


In modern cinematography some schemes of texts' structures and peculiarities of the communication of a user with informational streams in the hyperspace have become an example for the organization of new types of narration. There exist a number of films in which a general compositional scheme is the basis for various interpretations of the plot. The authors are interested in the possibility to present a varied development of the events, the presentation of the events which are happening, have already happened or may happen in the coexisting alternative realities. The structure of electronic hypertext can only be imitated. It happens in a special hypertext film narration. While analyzing this type of narration our attention is attracted by some active elements of the composition of the film. They connect the parts of the film imitating the work of hyperrefferences. These elements, getting in a nonlinear open composition, become able to catalyze unexpected turns of the plot. So a possibility of the varied narration is provided. Using Tom Tykwer's film "The Princess and the Warrior" (2000) one can observe how due to the active elements of the composition film narration gets the variability of its development and how the imitation of the choice of the way of development on the screen by the viewers and the film characters brings about new levels of the understanding of the message. The composition of Tykwer's film is organized in such a way that it accepts the elements that are not directly connected with the plot. But due to some special connections and a general context such elements support the message of the film improving its understanding.


In this paper, we will study the chaotic behaviour of the family of quadratic mappings fc (x) = x 2 - x + c through its dynamics. In first few sections, we will take a review of some basic definitions and examples including a dynamical system, orbit, fixed and periodic, etc. Later, we will prove some results that analyse the nature and the stability of the fixed and periodic points of a dynamical system. Using these results, we will study the dynamics of the family of mappings fc (x) = x 2 - x + c for various values of the real constant c.


The present invention relates to a humanized or chimeric antibody that binds to CD3. The present invention further provides bispecific antibodies, compositions, pharmaceutical compositions, use of the antibody in the treatment of diseases, and to methods of treatment.


The current work pretends to make a theoretical and practical description about the controversial topic of the laterality and its treatment in early school ages, and it also provides up to date terms and criteria related with this theme, as well as the performance of motor skills in the dynamics of Physical Education. This research also offers a ludic proposal that favours the development and strengthening of laterality in the age brackets mentioned before.


Campus is a treasure yard for culture spreading and a concentration place for popular culture. College students are the main force for popular culture accepting and spreading , because it makes them happy and satisfied in their hearts. At the same time , they can express their ideas,opinions and love through popular culture, and let their discontent off. Especially in the recent years, as the western culture is introduced, all kinds of foreign languages and culture have more and more influences on college students. Based on the above factors , we can apply popular culture to our English teaching practice in order to improve English teaching effects.


Objective
To explore the cell metabolism of the bilateral hippocampus effected by the inflammatory factor of blood serum in the development of the depression.

Methods
Using Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy 1H-MRS technology to detect multiple metabolic indices of the bilateral hippocampus of 20 first episode depression patients and 20 healthy persons, and detecting the levels of IL-6, IL-2, IL-10 in blood serum were detected.Finally the correlation between them was analyzed.

Results
Compared with the healthy group, the values of Glx/ Cr and NAA/ Cr were reduced in left hippocampus(Glx/Cr: (0.82±0.48), t=2.69, P<0.05; NAA/Cr: (1.12±0.44), t=2.81, P<0.05)and the value of Cho/ Cr was increased in left hippocampus((2.49±0.78), t=2.36, P<0.05), but only the value of Glx/ Cr were reduced in right hippocampus((0.84±0.47), t=2.43, P<0.05), and the other metabolic indices changed unobvious.The depressive group had the significantly higher levels of IL-6, IL-2 in blood serum(IL-6: (12.47±3.19)ng/L, t=4.53, P<0.05; IL-2: (29.44±5.72)ng/L, t=2.44, P<0.05), but no significant difference was found in the IL-10 level in blood serum. The Glx/ Cr of bilateral hippocampus level was negatively correlated to the IL-6 and IL-2 level in blood serum(left: (IL-6: r=-0.555, P<0.05; IL-2: r=-0.624, P<0.05); right: (IL-6: r=-0.575, P<0.05; IL-2: r=-0.523, P<0.05)). The NAA/ Cr of left hippocampus level was negatively correlated to the IL-6 and IL-2 level in blood serum(IL-6: r=-0.582, P<0.05; IL-2: r=-0.607, P<0.05). The Cho/Cr of left hippocampus level was negatively correlated to the IL-6 and IL-2 level in blood serum(IL-6: r=0.601, P<0.05; IL-2: r=0.552, P<0.05).

Conclusion
The abnormal of glutamic acid system in bilateral hippocampus maybe the important performance and the potential originating link, the changes of the inflammatory cytokines level maybe the factor of these abnormal changes.

Key words:
Inflammatory cytokines; Magnetic Resonance Spectrum; First episode depression; Hippocampus


This paper develops an approximate dual dynamic programming for an ε− optimal multidimensional control problem governed by first order hyperbolic equations. The problem considered is of the Dieudonne‐Rashevsky type and contains as a particular case class‐qualified deposit and Capital theory problems. It is proven that each Lipschitz continuous function satisfying the dual Hamilton‐Jacobi inequality can be used to define an ε‐optimal value.


The article considers the limitations of the traditional formats of holding conferences, analyzes the new needs of scientific communication with an expanded number of groups of interests, formulates the principles of modernization and innovative renovation of scientific events. The design approach to turning a scientific forum into new scientific, educational and educating space of an open university is offered. The results of the forum of a new type held in the KSPU named after V.P. Astafiev on the 26–28th of November, 2012 are presented.


There are many factors that impact service life of polyester forming fabric.Through long-term exploration and practice,the author explored and summed up one way to monitor the thickness of forming fabric timely by that method to predict and control the service life of forming fabric which is relatively simple and feasible,effective.


Objective:To establish a graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry method for determination of Al in cictric acid.Methods: To dissolve and dilute sample with 0.2% nitric acid;Al content was determined by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry.The determined wavelength was at 309.3 nm,the electric current of the light was 15.0 mA,the slitwidth was 0.7 nm.Results:The specific concentration sensitivity was 0.005 μg·g-1;the relative standard deviation was 1.47%(n=6),and the average recovery was 93.04%.Conclusion:The method is sensitive and accurate,and is suitable for determination of Al in cictric acid.


Angiograms obtained before and after acupuncture in a small series of patients with Raynaud's disease did not give positive evidence of its therapeutic effect. A marked vasodilatatory action was noted, however, suggesting that the technique can be usefully applied along with other forms of management.


Lunar nomenclature is cataloged. It includes letter designations for subsidiary craters, and uses a more familiar spelling from eight names. The listed features are divided into three main groups for cataloging purposes, namely: (1) craters, (2) noncrater features; and (3) minor and miscellaneous features.


According to the feature of high pressure die casting of A356 coffee machine dome,the die casting process of coffee machine dome was simulated by finite element simulate software.The L16(45)-orthogonal experiments and six complementary experiments were chosen as the trained samples of Back Propagation Neural Network.The major processing parameters of die casting were pouring temperature,mould pre-heated temperature,injection pressure and injection speed.The non-linear mapping between these processing parameters and thermal stress of die casting mould were built up.In order to get the minimum heat stress of die casting mould,the die casting processing parameters were optimized by GA algorithm.The best combination processing parameters of pouring temperature,mould pre-heated temperature,injection pressure,injection speed were found.Under these process parameters,the experimental index σmax became low,the trend of mold fatigue was reduced and the quality of casting was improved.The experiment results validate the feasibility of this optimization on reducing the thermal fatigue of mould and provide guidance on producing similar die casting parts.


The objectives of this paper are to study a new simple calculation of elements' electronegativity and bond energy in double-atom molecules and to explore its physical significance. With the adoption of basic principles of quantum chemistry and Sonderson's theory of the relationship between elements' electronegativity and their valences, assumptions and models are made to deduce some simple calculations. The calculated values of elements' electronegativity and bond energy in double-atom molecules show no difference from the Pauling experiment ones. Therefore, the assumptions and model suggested are reasonable, only that the related principles need to be further studied.


The purpose of this study was to examine various motivators associated with student decision-making and investigate the impact of those motivators on a student's band participation during their middle-grade years. The goal was to identify which motivation type had the greatest impact on student choice and to use that information to evaluate current recruiting and retaining strategies. Through the use of a questionnaire, this quantitative study surveyed a variety of motivational factors impacting student choice and decision-making for 10 to 14-year-old band students within a suburban area. Motivation types included in the study were teacher-student relationships, peer influence, family involvement, success/failure, intrinsic, extrinsic, and competition/ego. The sample contained in this study included 378 students from a suburban school district in East Tennessee. The participants were all members of the band program and were enrolled in grades 5-8 at the time of the study. Data gathered from the responses to the survey indicated that of the motivational topics that were included in this study, teacher relationship and intrinsic motivation were the two areas which had the greatest influence on whether or not a student would choose to remain in band or quit. Interest in becoming involved in another activity; such as sports, different organizations, or school curriculum, was also a strong factor in a student's decision as to their ongoing participation in band. Although the results of this study were unable to identify a specific motivational category that effects student decision-making more than the others, it was able to show that a combination of motivators are involved in a student's decision-making process. 3 MOTIVATION FOR JOINING AND STAYING IN BAND


By the knowledge of sports intelligent training and theoretic analysis method combined with the practice of short track speed skating,the article briefly analyzes the important significance of short track speed skaters' observation training in the athletic sports field.It discusses the correlation between the special training and sports observation and concludes some training methods such as eyeshot training,eye-sweep training,visual orientation and response training of the movement observational ability at the same time.It suggests to advance in learning some psychological knowledge during the observation training under well plan and in communication between coach and skaters for thinking more about some notice in time which may become a reference in the observation training.


This paper compared and analyzed the efficiency of sci-tech achievements and its influencing factors through collecting the sci-tech Achievements of Chinese 31 provinces panel data from 2007 to 2010 by factor analysis and stochastic frontier analysis.Result shows that china's scientific and technological achievements conversion efficiency is not high and there is a big gap between the provinces;Effects and the conversion efficiency of scientific and technological achievements of the eastern is significantly better than the central and western provinces;government support plays the most crucial role in the many factors that affect the scientific and technological achievements.


This paper explores the modelling and simulation of a Radio Frequency Micro Electro- Mechanical Systems (RF MEMS) switch using Finite Element modelling and analysis (FEM and FEA) tools on a novel seesaw design, providing Double-Pole Double-Throw (DPDT) functionality. This optimises the capabilities of the seesaw design structure for use in mobile communication systems and devices. After researching other available seesaw designs, it was realised that an improvement could be achieved by applying additional contacts within a 3D plane. During the development of the DPDT seesaw switch, a low electrostatic actuation voltage of 14 V was achieved. This provided the switch with improved compatibility with voltages closer to those used in integrated circuits for mobile systems. The switch is a progression of existing Single-Pole Single-Throw (SPST) seesaw switches, with an additional set of upper and lower contacts at each end of the seesaw, offering DPDT switching capability within the space envelope. The length, height and width of the switch is 41 �m, 7.6 �m and of 9 �m respectively, which is a suitable size for fabrication and conforms to the Microscale, from 1 �m to 100 �m. Copper Bulk General (Cu) was chosen for the pivot material on its merits of possessing good electrical conductivity and optimised flexibility and stiffness for elastic recovery. The simulation, using Intellisuite, attained a working switch design, with an 'Air-Gap' of 1�m between the contacts, thus providing isolation when the switch is open-circuited.


The σ54-factor controls expression of a variety of genes in response to environmental cues. Much previous work has implicated the nucleotide alarmone ppGpp and its co-factor DksA in control of σ54-dependent transcription in the gut commensal Escherichia coli, which has evolved to live under very different environmental conditions than Pseudomonas putida. Here we compared ppGpp/DksA mediated control of σ54-dependent transcription in these two organisms. Our in vivo experiments employed P. putida mutants and manipulations of factors implicated in ppGpp/DksA mediated control of σ54-dependent transcription in combination with a series of σ54-promoters with graded affinities for σ54-RNA polymerase. For in vitro analysis we used a P. putida-based reconstituted σ54-transcription assay system in conjunction with DNA-binding plasmon resonance analysis of native and heterologous σ54-RNA polymerase holoenzymes. In comparison with E. coli, ppGpp/DksA responsive σ54-transcription in the environmentally adaptable P. putida was found to be more robust under low energy conditions that occur upon nutrient depletion. The mechanism behind this difference can be traced to reduced promoter discrimination of low affinity σ54-promoters that is conferred by the strong DNA binding properties of the P. putida σ54-RNA polymerase holoenzyme.


Patients with traumatic amputations of the lower limbs have a number of typical dysfunctions and complications. Optimal results of prosthetics are achieved when the quality of the stump formation corresponds to the capabilities of the prosthesis and an adequate rehabilitation program in terms of goals and objectives. At the same time, the rehabilitation program affects both the quality of the formation of the stump and the functional reserves of the body, which ultimately affects the choice of prosthesis joints.
Aim. To clarify the approaches on making up physical rehabilitation programs, taking into account the prevention and correction of complications.
Medical rehabilitation expert diagnostics is both the basis in compiling rehabilitation programs, allowing to achieve their personalized nature, and an assessment tool of rehabilitation measures effectiveness. Counseling is an important preparatory part of the rehabilitation program for prosthetics, the theoretical foundations for the prevention of complications for the disabled.
Prosthesis manufacturing. When knowing prosthesis manufacturing stages, it is possible to create conditions for the most complete adaptation in the prosthesis-limb-organism system both in the short and long term periods. Preparation of a limb for prosthetics often one of the longest, occupying and significant sections of preparation for the restoration of static-dynamic function, associated with the largest number of complications; where the use of physical rehabilitation technologies allows the prevention and correction of such complications. Preparatory work in accordance with the general algorithm for conducting rehabilitation measures, taking into account the individual characteristics of the patient, the continuity and regularity of rehabilitation measures allows to achieve the greatest possible result.
Teaching the use of the prosthesis. Starting from the sequential mastering of all the basic elements with the subsequent transition to performing complex coordinated movements with the help of the prosthesis and only then working out the walking options directly on the prosthesis, allows to master the correct technique from the outset. It means that training to master walking on a prosthesis can also be represented as a sequence, an algorithm of actions. Stepping away from the required sequence may lead to the appearance and consolidation of irrational patterns when walking, which in turn is fraught with a violation of the correct walking pattern, an increase in its energy intensity and pronounced difficulties in its correction in the future.
Conclusion. The complication prevention in the implementation of prosthetics with the help of physical rehabilitation is based primarily on the observance of a clear algorithm of sequential actions in conjunction with an individualized selection of rehabilitation means.


To solve the problems that existing network security situation assessment (NSSA) methods are difficult to extract features and have poor timeliness, an NSSA method with network attack behavior classification (NABC) is proposed. First, an NABC model is designed. The model combines features and advantages of a parallel feature extraction network (PFEN), a bidirectional gate recurrent unit (BiGRU), and the attention mechanism (ATT). The PFEN module is composed of parallel sparse autoencoders which extract key data from different network attack behaviors. The BiGRU module gets the time‐series relationship from the state of three different time periods, finds potential representation rules from network attack behaviors. The ATT module pays more attention to the network traffic key information and improves the NABC accuracy. Second, the NABC detects and classifies attacks from network behaviors, the occurrence number of each attack behavior, and the error probability matrix are counted. Finally, the occurrence number of each attack behavior is corrected according to the error probability matrix, and the network security situation value is calculated through combining the severity factor of each attack behavior. The experimental results show that the precision and recall of the NABC model are improved by 5.28% and 5.65%, respectively, compared with the conventional method. The comparison experiment with the classical situation assessment method also proves that the proposed method can assess the overall situation of network security more effectively and comprehensively.


States is expansive, ideologically charged, and currently contested for its oppressive and suppressive messages, and for its historical evasions and obfuscations that for the first time since its establishment are being broadly exposed and debated. At the time of their creation, Confederate monuments expressed the aspirations of their patrons and their desire to proliferate selective narratives of the causes of the Civil War and the commitment of Southerners who fought in their defense. Commenting on the potential impact of the Soldiers and Sailors Monument raised in 1894 on Libby Hill in Richmond, Virginia, Moses D. Hoge, a Presbyterian minister who attended the unveiling, remarked on the didactic potential of the site for younger generations, noting that "books are occasionally opened," but "monuments are seen every day, and the lesson of that lofty figure ...is to tower over Libby Hill," and proclaim "live nobly; there is reward for patriotic duty; republics are not ungrateful."1 Energizing support for a monument to Robert E. Lee at the National Cathedral of St. Peter and St. Paul in the 1930s, Elizabeth Bashinsky, a prominent member of the United Daughters of the Confederacy (UDC), and the driving force behind many Confederate monuments, reiterated the message by proposing that in the cathedral, "the nation's heroes are to be honored side by side, ... No boy from either side of the line must ever stand in this great gathering of soldiers and wonder at the absence of a Southern hero."2 Another supporter of this project, acknowledged that the memorial was to affirm that "the fundamental theory of the Southern Confederacy [was] a profound principle of constitutional government and not a hastily conceived BOOKS ARE OCCASIONALLY OPENED MONUMENTS ARE SEEN EVERY DAY


Part 1 I. Intersubjectivity Chapter 2 The Intersubjective Context of Intrapsychic Experience Chapter 3 Toward a Science of Human Experience Chapter 4 Subjectivity and Self Psychology Part 5 II Intersubjectivity and the Therapeutic Process Chapter 6 The Nature and Therapeutic Action of Psychoanalytic Interpretation Chapter 7 To Free the Spirit from Its Cell Chapter 8 Self Psychology and Intersubjectivity Theory Chapter 9 The Difficult Patient Chapter 10 Aggression in the Psychoanalytic Situation Chapter 11 Masochism and Its Treatment Chapter 12 Countertransference Chapter 13 Converting Psychotherapy to Psychoanalysis Part 14 III Broader Implications of Intersubjectivity Chapter 15 The Pursuit of Being in the Life and Thought of Jean-Paul Sartre Chapter 16 Countertransference, Empathy, and the Hermeneutical Circle Chapter 17 Psychoanalysis, Self Psychology and Intersubjectivity


Sickle cell disease is a prevalent and severe monogenic disorder resulting from a homozygous missense mutation in the β-globin gene that leads to polymerization of hemoglobin S. Clinical manifestations of the disease can be critical with considerable morbidity and mortality. One treatment option for the disease is bone marrow transplantation. However this method is restricted to the patients with an appropriately matched donor. Gene therapy by either gene insertion or gene editing, utilizing patient's own cell is a primary therapeutic option to cure sickle cell disease. However, very less clinical trials have been performed with genetic therapy for treating Sickle cell disease (SCD). Since a couple of decades significant progress has been made in the area of gene therapy for treating monogenic hemoglobin disorders. Numerous therapies are currently in clinical trial stages or in preclinical stages. The safety and efficacy of gene therapy has been greatly improved with the initial use of γ-retrovirus vectors, followed by next-generation lentivirus vectors, and latest gene editing techniques. Although the clinical interpretation of gene therapy has been successful, it involves some limitations including complex cellular abnormalities, inadequate transgene expression, and challenges in achieving effective and persistent inhibition of polymerization of hemoglobin S. This review intends to discuss gene therapy strategies specific to Sickle cell disease, present state of the field, and current status of the gene therapy clinical trials. Abstract Volume 4 | Issue 2 Journal of Hematology and Blood Disorders


Abstract A cationic ring‐opening polymerization was used to prepare hydroxyl‐terminated polytetrahydrofuran (PTHF) [–(CH2)4O–] having a number‐average molecular weight of 20,700 g mol−1, and a relatively narrow molecular weight distribution. Elastomeric tetrafunctional networks were prepared by hydrolysis–condensation reactions on this polymer and on two others that had been commercially obtained. The synthesis was carried out at 60°C with 3‐isocyanatopropyltriethoxysilane as an end‐capping molecule and Sn‐octoate as a catalyst. Completeness of the end‐capping reaction was followed by infrared absorption spectroscopy, which showed gradual decreases of peaks at 2270.7 and 3475 cm−1 from the disappearances of isocyanato and hydroxyl groups, respectively, and the appearance of a peak at 3350 cm−1 from newly formed NH groups. Analysis of the kinetic data suggest that the –NCO, –OH, and –NH– peaks tend to exhibit first‐order kinetics at the beginning of the reaction and reach asymptotic values at extended times. The elastomers thus obtained were studied with regard to their equilibrium swelling in toluene at 25°C, and their stress–strain isotherms in elongation. For some of the samples, high elongations seemed to bring about highly desirable strain‐induced crystallization, as evidenced by upturns in the modulus. Swelling of these samples with increasing amounts of the non‐volatile diluent dibutyl phthalate caused the upturns to gradually disappear, proving that they did indeed result from strain‐induced crystallization rather than limited chain extensibility.


Tuberculous eye disease has been described in 2 to 30% of patients with dissemina- ted or miliary tuberculosis, generally due to hematogenous spread. ocular tuberculosis is a rare entity and its impact not thoroughly recognized. Seven clinical cases are presented of patients with uveitis and/or scleritis; that came to the ophthalmology Service of the Hospital General de Mexico during 2012, with follow up until their complete recovery using specific tuberculosis therapy. All seven patients improved their vision, and the three who underwent cataract surgery recovered up to 80% of their visual capacity.


Rights: © 2013 American Physical Society (APS). This is the accepted version of the following article: Lebègue, S. & Björkman, T. & Klintenberg, M. & Nieminen, Risto M. & Eriksson, O. 2013. Two-Dimensional Materials from Data Filtering and Ab Initio Calculations. Physical Review X. Volume 3, Issue 3. ISSN 2160-3308 (printed). DOI: 10.1103/physrevx.3.031002, which has been published in final form at http://journals.aps.org/prx/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevX.3.031002.


Nowadays more and more manufacturers distribute products through the dual-channel which is consisting of a traditional retail channel and a direct channel.The authors analyze the characteristics of supply chain with dual-channel and present the models,consisting of a manufacture and a retailer.In order to scientifically analyze the demand strategies,price strategies and other competitions strategies,the authors also make a comparative analysis on the equilibrium results of the games in the two kinds of distribution channel.


This is the fi rst publication to present palynological study on the Permian marine sediments of West Timor. This is aimed to evaluate its palynomorph content. Similar studies have been performed on the Permian sediments which mostly focus on non-marine sediments. 15 surface samples were collected from Lilana river outcrop which comprises the alternation of calcareous shale and sandstone. This outcrop is assumed to represent some parts of Bisane Formation. Standard preparation methods were employed to extract palynomorphs including acid maceration and oxidation. This study applies quantitative method which requires counting of palynomorphs in each sample. This study provides low to moderate pollen recovery which mostly consists of striate and non-striate bisaccates as well as trilete monosaccates. The age restricted taxa appearing in the non-marine sediments also present in the studied samples to mark Permian age such as Protohaploxypinus samoilovichi, Lunatisporites pellucidus, Falcisporites australis, Plicatipollenites malabarensis and Cannanoropollis janakii. On the other hand, common occurrence of marine dinofl agellates of Dapsilidium langii and Veryhachim reductum combined with abundant macrofossil of chrinoids confi rm a shallow marine paleoenvironment. Common green algae of Tasmanites sp. is a firmed evidence for the appearance of potential source rock of hydrocarbon within the Permian shallow marine sediments of West Timor.


Taking 8-year-old Malus micromalus Makino as material,22.4% spirotetramat SC was used to control the Aphis citricola.The results showed that 22.4% spirotetramat SC had very good control efficacy with a number of 99.97%,100% and 100% after spraying 10,20 and 30 days,respectively,the efficacy was better that the control pesticides of 50% dichlorvos EC and 2.5% deltamethrin EC.


This study is planned to compare the merits and demerits between laparoscopic cholecystectomy and open cholecystectomy. Methodology: This study was carried out in the department of Surgery at Ghurki Trust Teaching Hospital, Lahore. A total of 50 patients with both sexes were included who presented with the diagnosis of cholelithiasis on the basis of USG and were divided into two groups i.e. 25 patients had laparoscopic cholecystectomy and 25 with open cholecystectomy. Inclusion Criteria: Both sexes of age 12 – 65 years with diagnosis of cholelithiasis on USG were included in the study. Exclusion Criteria: All patients with Obesity (Grade II and III), history of previous upper abdominal operation, empyema, peritonitis, CBD stones, obstructive jaundice, cholangitis, pancreatitis, Pregnancy, cirrhosis and renal failure were excluded from the study. Results: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy and open cholecystectomy both provide safe and effective treatment for most patients with gallstones. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy requires the additional skill of a trained surgeon and its safe performance seems to be related to proper training and experience. Operating time in laparoscopic cholecystectomy is longer than open cholecystectomy. Injectable analgesia requirement is more in open cholecystectomy. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is probably better than open cholecystectomy in terms of improved post op recovery. There is significant reduction in the incidence of post op pulmonary complications with laparoscopic cholecystectomy as compared to open cholecystectomy, wound related complications are also much less in laparoscopic cholecystectomy. There is no incidence of bile duct injury in both open cholecystectomy and laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Conclusion: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is the procedure of choice for patients with symptomatic gallstones in many centers even in Pakistan.


Authors analyzed a range of related literatures published in recent years,in an attempt to have a systematical review of quality control and evaluation aspects of processed Chinese medicine.


This case study reports on the development of a programme to overcome three emerging problems in teaching undergraduate auditing in Australian universities. The first emerging problem was that without an increase in class time, effectively an increasing number of technical standards needed to be covered in addition to conceptual material. Consequently the academics involved felt that auditing standards were not being covered adequately and that graduates knowledge of them was deficient. The second emerging problem was that the student entry requirements for many Australian universities have been falling, yet the authorities do not want pass rates to fall. This suggested that a different educational strategy was needed. The third emerging problem involved the time constraint on academic staff, namely a demand for increased research output despite having courses and a student population which ostensibly require more teaching. While there were a number of possible educational strategies that could have been ...


et al. (1965), and since then its occurrence has becn restricted to Taiwan. In 1977, bullet-shaped virus particles similar to RTYV (CHEN and SHiKATA, 1968) were found in ultrathin-sectioned preparations of diseased ricc plants collected on lshigaki Is. and subsequently on Okinawa Is., and a transm{ssion test by the green rice lcafhopper, uahotettix cincticops UHLER, was succcssfu1 (SAiTO et al., I978). 1'he symptoms of the rice plants originally collected were similar in coior to the RTYV disease mentioned by Su (1969>:one or


The Disaster Monitoring Constellation (DMC) is an international Earth observation programme to provide a rapid global remote sensing service for the monitoring and mitigation of natural and man-made disasters. Although the Global Positioning System (GPS) was originally designed for terrestrial and air applications, satellite operations have benefited greatly from the use of on-board GPS receivers. This paper describes the GPS receiver operations on the DMC satellites, performance analysis, lessons learned, and upgrades planned for the future.


Inversion symmetry broken 3R phase semiconducting transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDC) have huge potential applications in many novel fields, such as valleytronics and nonlinear optics for the strong spin–orbit coupling and particularly the persistent noncentrosymmetric structure regardless the layer numbers, in stark contrast to the strict layer number requirement in other phases. Unfortunately, the fabrication of 3R phase TMDC is still a huge task to date. Molybdenum telluride (MoTe2) attracts increasing interest in recent years due to the easy transition between its various phases and its narrow bandgap close to silicon. However, the weak Mo–Te bond and the small energy imparity among phases make it a big challenge to obtain pure‐phase single crystalline MoTe2, especially; it is still a virgin land to obtain two‐dimensional (2D) 3R‐MoTe2. Here, by rational controlling the deposition temperature and tellurization velocity, for the first time high quality 2D 3R‐MoTe2 flakes are synthesized via chemical vapor deposition from a MoCl5 precursor. Scanning transmission electron microscopy unambiguously reveals the 3R stacking mode of as‐synthesized MoTe2. Second harmonic generation measurement confirms the excellent odd/even layer‐independent frequency conversion efficiency. Besides, the outstanding intrinsic infrared detection ability of as‐synthesized 3R‐MoTe2 is demonstrated as well.


To the problem of linear system finite-time stabilization and satisfying some certain performance measures, this paper combines both finite-time stabilization and H∞ control with transients, and proposes the state feedback controller designing method via linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). The methods are used in terminal guidance design for verifying its effectiveness.


When the concept of a science court to resolve disputes over ¿scientific fact¿ was endorsed in 1976 by a Presidential task force, we questioned whether it would work (November 1976, p. 29). The task force, part of the Presidential Advisory Group on Anticipated Advances in Science and Technology, suggested that an experiment be set up to test the feasibility of a science court.


The present article develops the theme of religious pluralism, placing it first in the context of the changes that occurred in modernity, which gave way to the so-called "postmodernity". Then the theological positions that the presence of religious pluralism generates are characterized, especially in terms of the relation of Christianity to the different religious traditions. And finally, some elements of the new theological paradigm that religious pluralism is demanding from Christian theology are insinuated.


With the monthly data of term structures in the Shanghai stock exchange(SSE) from January 1997 to April 2002,and making use of Kalman filter and maximum likelihood estimation approaches,continuous-time two-factor CIR model is estimated.Empirical study indicates that the two-factor CIR model can model the relative changes of the term structures very well.But it can not fully reflect the predictability of the bond excess returns.The predicting errors of the model for yield curves have obvious serial correlation.It is concluded that the estimated CIR model can be used to price bonds in the SSE,but it will cause some error when it is used to predict the change of yield curves.


The development of landscape architecture education does not keep up with the time development.And the education of planning and design does the same too.For keeping the balancing between supply and demand,the course of landscape plan and design should be reformed,.It makes students bring basal ways to bear on satisfy the society demand through tightly holding landscape development and adjusting teaching content.


Decision-making play a very important role in basketball. While the game is taking place, players are constantly choosing what to do. In order to carry out this research work, two questions have been formulated: 1) how do high level female basketball players make a decision while they are competing? 2) which key components do they use to make the best decisions? The twelve players who make up the Spanish female basketball team have taken part in this project. They all participated in the 2008 FIBA World Olympic Qualifying Tournament, which took place in Madrid. This tournament allowed them to qualify and take part in the 2008 Olympic Games, where they finished in fifth place. A questionnaire and an interview have been used to make this research possible. The matches of the 2008 FIBA World Olympic Qualifying Tournament have also been analyzed. Those aspects in terms of the team's performance in 1x1 and 2x2 attack situations, and more specifically in pick actions, have been recorded and analyzed. In order to include these data, a system of specific categories and variables has been established. The results show that players are expert on making decisions during the competition. In order to come to this conclusion, their opinions, style of decision-making, as well as the way they move in 1x1 and 2x2 situations, were very useful. This research has also confirmed that decisions made by playmakers, forwards and centers are different.


Foliar application of urea (2%) and zinc sulphate (0.5%) at peak flowering, peanut size of fruit and second growth phase significantly increased the fruit yield over control. Effects of potassium sulphate and borax were not significant. The maximum fruit yield (71.33 kg tree-1) was observed with urea and minimum (52.19 kg tree-1) in the control. N, Cu and Mn contents increased and P, K, and Fe contents decreased with urea spray, whereas, reverse was observed with potassium sulphate spray. Zinc sulphate and borax spray showed positive relationship with Zn and Mn uptake, but inverse relationship with Cu uptake. A significantly positive correlation was observed between yield and N and Mn contents, whereas, negative correlation was observed between yield and P content in leaves.


Red swamp crayfish (Procambarus clarkii Girard, 1852), which is indigenous to North America, is the most commercially farmed crayfish in the world. Profitability of farming depends mainly on crayfish growth rates. Thus research focused on factors affecting growth is of considerable importance for aquafarming. The objective of the present paper is to determine whether the growth of individual crayfish reared in sibling and non-sibling groups differ. This has not been evaluated previously for this species. The experiment was done in the laboratory in November 2011 and involved the analysis of the growth in terms of length of 96 individuals. Survival of the individuals reared in sibling groups was 98.3% and of those reared in non-sibling groups 96.3%. The differences in growth and number of moults in the two groups were not significant. The observations started two weeks after the juveniles became free-living at which time it is possible that any sibling effect could be indistinct.


Understanding the higher-order interactions within network data is a key objective of network science. Surveys of metadata triangles (or patterned 3-cycles in metadata-enriched graphs) are often of interest in this pursuit. In this work, we develop TriPoll, a prototype distributed HPC system capable of surveying triangles in massive graphs containing metadata on their edges and vertices. We contrast our approach with much of the prior effort on triangle analysis, which often focuses on simple triangle counting, usually in simple graphs with no metadata. We assess the scalability of TriPoll when surveying triangles involving metadata on real and synthetic graphs with up to hundreds of billions of edges. We utilize communication-reducing optimizations to demonstrate a triangle counting task on a 224 billion edge web graph in approximately half of the time of competing approaches, while additionally supporting metadata-aware capabilities.


There are numerous problems and challenges facing Nigeria which militate against her successful evolution to self-reliance. One of such problems, and the major one for that matter, is that of governance. Fifty-seven years after independence, Nigeria is yet to attain political and leadership maturities. This country has suffered and still suffers from untold hardship under the tutelage of bad and corrupt leaders. And so the quest for responsible governance in Nigeria is very justified. There is every need to raise transparent and accountable leaders in Nigerian, who will nurture our democracy. Education is a veritable instrument for social change, social reconstruction and transformation. Education aims at making a person an ideal citizen and an ideal citizen is a good leader and a good follower. Unfortunately in Nigeria today, emphasis is laid on quantitative education at the expense of qualitative education. The social, political, economic and religious condition of the country will change positively when efforts are made to improve the quality of education. The moral attributes and sound personality development inculcated into individuals through education will obviously bring changes in the leadership styles of a potential leader. This paper therefore is of the opinion that transparency and accountability in governance are achievable through qualitative education in Nigeria.


Abstract There is a longstanding misconception that any overlap between environmental policy and labor rights results in conflict. With the intensifying threat of climate change and the decline of fossil fuel development, international labor and climate groups have collaborated to develop a framework for a just transition to sustainable development that emphasizes social dialog between stakeholders. An increasing number of nations are guided by this framework as each incorporates its own transition model. The United States, however, remains on the sidelines. This article proposes that the U.S. enact recently proposed legislation to transform its energy sector, while also protecting its workers and the environment.