Professor S. E. Hollingworth welcomed this new description and discussion of the interesting structures of the Billingham anhydrite mine. He also expressed a doubtless widely felt appreciation of the mine management's whole-hearted co-operation in the programme of underground drilling to explore the strata above the seam, the study of which combined both academic and economic aspects. The rectilinear character in plan of the line of marl down-bulges, as shown in the author's map and in the earlier map published in the Quarterly Journal (Wood 1950), was, in the speaker's opinion, difficult to fit in with a slump hypothesis. Indeed, the points that led the author to favour this interpretation did not appear to be particularly cogent. An unconsolidated condition need not be postulated as a pre-requisite for the plastic deformation of the anhydrite, nor was it evident why, if plastic deformation took place under considerable cover, it was necessarily separated in time from fracturing of the same bed. In some places where disturbances of the anhydrite appeared to die out in adjacent gypsum, was it not possible that the gypsum was produced contemporaneously with movement, perhaps as a consequence of the migration and accumulation of connate water to regions of relatively low stress ? Might not the difference in form between the disturbances of the Main Anhydrite and those involving folding and disruption of the Top Anhydrite, as well as the apparent absence of disturbance of the Magnesian Limestone below, be fitted into a pattern of varying responses to a common


Bronchopulmonary sequestration (BPS) is a rare congenital disorder of the lung. It consists of a nonfunctioning lung tissue that is not normally connected with the tracheobronchial tree and receives its blood supply from systemic circulation. The presentation of sequestration is variable, ranging from asymptomatic to more severe symptoms such as massive hemoptysis, resulting in increased mortality and morbidity. Although BPS commonly involves left lower airway, here we report the case of a 17-year-old female who presented with recurrent hemoptysis and was eventually diagnosed with pulmonary sequestration in the right lower lobe, an unusual presentation of intralobar sequestration.


The concept of cultural environment was taken into active use in Finnish cultural heritage and environmental administration in the 1990s. In this context, it is used as a general umbrella term which includes build heritage, cultural landscape and archaeological sites. Primarily, the objective has been to strengthen the co-operation between heritage agents, various administrative sectors and other stakeholders' in order to enhance integration of cultural heritage into development and planning practices and thus ensure preservation and sustainable use of the heritage.


The present study examined the impact of rational emotive education (REE) on locus of control, rationality and anxiety in order to evaluate REE's potential in promoting the psychological adjustment and growth of Year 4 primary school children. Individual differences in the external-internal dimension of locus of control were considered a possible predictor of intervention outcome. The sample consisted of two regular Year 4 classes in a private girls school in metropolitan Melbourne which were randomly assigned to either REE or attention control condition. Results indicated that REE was effective in increasing children's perception of internal control and rationality and that program effectiveness in increasing children's rationality was not associated with their pre-intervention locus of control orientation. No evidence was found for REE's efficacy in producing significant changes in trait anxiety.


Eye surgery for astigmatism correction today is becoming less and less a risky procedure and its success rate has improved. New methods for a correct diagnosis like eye topographic images which use the Scheimpflug principle like Pentacam is one of these tools. Astigmatism is one of the main problems existing in human vision. Correct astigmatism detection can help to eliminate or reduce post-surgery complications. Neural networks already showed their potential to help in the decision-making process in different areas. Therefore, the development of new algorithms based on these techniques can help doctors to identify and diagnose different types of eye problems. In this work, neural networks efficiency to classify Pentacam topographic images of the eyes with or without astigmatism was analyzed. The best obtained accuracy is 96,94% for classical CNN architecture. The results show the high efficiency of the proposed method for automation astigmatism detection.


Well leak tests and a cavern pressure test were conducted in June and July 1981 and indicated that oil leakage from the cavern is unlikely to exceed the DOE criterion if oil is stored at near atmospheric wellhead brine pressures and higher pressures are only used for short periods of oil fill and withdrawal. The data indicate that cavern structural failure during oil storage is unlikely and that there was no leakage from cavern 6 to the adjacent cavern 7. Because of the proximity of cavern 6 to cavern 7, it is recommended that a similar type of oil be stored in these two caverns.


The utility model discloses a vehicle-mounted real time monitoring warning device for driving behaviours, which comprises a processor as well as a vehicle-mounted driving behaviour collecting module, a warner and a wireless communication module that are respectively connected with the processor; and the vehicle-mounted driving behaviour collecting module comprises a vehicle speed collecting module, a steering collecting module and a brake collecting module. Driving behaviour data is collected and transferred to the processor for analysis and judgment, when the processor judges that the driving behaviour is rule-breaking, a control warner gives out an alarm, data communication is carried out by the wireless communication module and a remote vehicle control center, and the vehicle-mounted driving behaviour data is transferred to the remote vehicle control center. The device monitors the driving behaviour in real time and warns the rule-breaking driving behaviours in real time, and simultaneously a vehicle management center can get the rule-breaking driving behaviour of a driver in real time, thus timely correcting the rule-breaking driving behaviour, guaranteeing driving safety, prolonging the service life of vehicles, avoiding the occurrence of traffic accident, and being beneficial for the driver to forming good driving habits.


Synopsis Inoculation trials using the HPRS‐B14 and HPRS‐16 strains of classical and acute Marek's disease (MD) respectively, were undertaken on single sire families of commercial chickens. It was demonstrated that both sires and dams had a significant effect on the susceptibility of their progeny to Marek's disease. It is suggested that the genetic constitution of the chicken plays a role in controlling its susceptibility to MD. The susceptibility to MD of females was significantly greater than males. Members of some of the single sire families used in one Marek's disease trial became naturally exposed to Marek's disease in a trial designed to examine the effect of sire families on the incidence of leukosis. There was a significant positive correlation between the incidence of Marek's disease in members of single sire families infected by inoculation and by natural exposure. There was no correlation between incidence of Marek's disease and the incidence of tumours of the leukosis/sarcoma complex. The rang...


The effect of K and K-Na substitution for Pb atoms in the rocksalt lattice of PbTe was investigated to test a hypothesis for development of resonant states in the valence band that may enhance the thermoelectric power. We combined high-temperature Hall-effect, electrical conductivity, and thermal conductivity measurements to show that K-Na codoping do not form resonance states but can control the energy difference of the maxima of the two primary valence subbands in PbTe. This leads to an enhanced interband interaction with rising temperature and a significant rise in the thermoelectric figure of merit of p-type PbTe. The experimental data can be explained by a combination of a single- and two-band models for the valence band of PbTe depending on hole density that varies in the range of 1-15 x 10{sup 19} cm{sup -3}.


Di(2-pyridyl)methylamine-based palladium dichloride complexes 4 are versatile catalysts for different types of cross-coupling reactions in water or aqueous solvents under aerobic conditions. The Suzuki–Miyaura reaction of arylboronic acids can be performed with bromoarenes under water reflux using K2CO3 as base or at room temperature or 60 °C in aqueous methanol using KOH as base. For aryl chlorides the corresponding cross-couplings with arylboronic acids can be carried out in refluxing water with K2CO3 as base and TBAB as additive to provide biaryls and heterobiaryls. Arylboronic acids react with benzylic chlorides and allylic substrates such as chlorides, acetates or carbonates also in refluxing water with K2CO3 as base or at room temperature in aqueous acetone and KOH as base, to give diarylmethanes and arylpropenes. Trimethylboroxine and alkylboronic acids are coupled with bromo- and chloroarenes under water at reflux with K2CO3 as base and TBAB as additive to furnish methyl- and butylarenes. These cross-couplings have also been performed in shorter times under microwave irradiation. Several important intermediates such as, 4′-methylbiphenyl-2-carbonitrile, 4-biphenylacetic acid, 3-(3-methylphenyl)benzoic acid, 4,5-diphenyl-2-methyl-3(2H)pyridazinone and 2-(4′-fluorobenzyl)thiophene have been prepared under aqueous and aerobic conditions in good yields.


Narrative popular history of the founding American era is thriving, as a visit to any chain bookstore demonstrates. Among its practitioners David McCullough already ranks very high, thanks to his b...


Using the value distribution theory of meromorphic,this paper considers the unicity problem for meromorphics and some known results are generalized.


Tampereen Ammattikorkeakoulu Tampere University of Applied Sciences Master's Programme in Social Services RANTANEN SATU & SALONEN HEIDI: " I'm Allowed to Be Myself, not Forced to the Same Mold with Others" Photovoice as a Supportive Method for People Suffering from Neuropsychiatric Disorders Master's Thesis. 108 pages, appendices 16 pages November 2018 The purpose was to use the Photovoice method as an empowering tool of self-expression for adults suffering from neuropsychiatric disorders. The aim was also to discover the appropriate practises that must be considered when guiding a group for neuropsychiatric adults. The study was carried out using community-based participatory research (CBPR) and qualitative action research. The recorded data were collected in two project groups. The material was transcribed, and the data were analysed using content analysis. It was found that the participants experienced their inner strength more intensely during and after these gatherings and new ways of thinking were discovered and brought to the participants' lives. One main outcome for the participants was getting their own voice heard and that the participants feel that they now see themselves as they are, not through their diagnosis. As a conclusion, this study exhibited the effectiveness of using photos and participatory photography among neuropsychiatric adults. In future, there is an opportunity of organizing a new, larger gathering for some more definite target group.


In this work we address the issue of efficient processing of range queries in DHT-based peer-to-peer data networks. The novelty of the proposed approach lies on architectures, algorithms, and mechanisms for identifying and appropriately exploiting powerful nodes in p2p data networks, the existence of which has been well documented in the literature. We first present a framework that consists of a modified DHT architecture, data placement strategies, and search algorithms, providing efficient support for processing range queries. Subsequently, we extend this framework with mechanisms to identify powerful nodes, and seamlessly and efficiently incorporate them within this framework, so to further improve range query processing. The significant performance improvements are due to (i) ensuring a much smaller hop count performance for range queries, and (ii) avoiding the dangers and inefficiencies of relying for range query processing on weak nodes, with respect to processing, storage, and communication capacities, and with intermittent connectivity. We also present experimental results validating our performance claims.


If operations in a quantum computer were conditioned on the results of a subsequent post-selection measurement, then NP-complete problems could be solved in polynomial time. Using the natural connection between post-selection and NP, we show that this result is un-physical by considering constraints on new kinds of measurements which depend on the future post-selection in a non-trivial way. We review practical quantum information advantages of post-selection.


The tree species of Michelia foveoata Merr.ex Dandy was introduced into Nanjing and Wuxi,northern subtropical areas from mid-subtropical Xinning,Hunan Province.The seedling growth characters and adaptability were studied.The results showed that the seasonal height growth in one-year-old seedling was faster between May and September and peaked in July.The one-year-old seedlings had serious freezing damage,lessened in twoyear-old seedlings at(-5)~(-7 ℃) in the field.The drought resistance of Michelia foveolata was higher than that of Michelia chapensis but lower than that of Michelia platyetala under consecutive drought and high temperature(eg.1.3 mm rainfall for 60 days during autumn,2004) in two-year-old seedlings.


Transparent electrodes transmit light and conduct electrical current simultaneously especially in the visible range [1]. They are used in many applications such as flat panel displays, light emitting diodes and solar cells which is the application of interest in this work. Textured or complex surfaces, in comparison to smooth surfaces, present better properties that once combined with the properties of transparent electrodes can amount to great results; for example, textured cells deliver more photocurrent than planar cells, even at oblique angles [2]. Zinc oxide (ZnO) and Al doped ZnO (AZO) are widely used as transparent electrodes due to the abundance and low cost of Zn and Al compared with Sn and In found in indium tin oxide (ITO) in addition to their high optical and electrical properties [1]. An important technique for depositing (AZO) films is the High Impulse Magnetron Sputtering (HiPIMS) method that allows us to deposit highly conductive and transparent films on large surfaces and at low temperature [3]. Another important technique is the Atomic Laser Deposition (ALD) wich is used for depositing high quality thin films due to the self-limiting growth mechanism wich enables an excellent surface coverage and conformal deposition on high aspect ratio structures; this method enables us to combine metallic Cu films with semiconductor oxides (ZnO, Cu2O, or both) leading to many applications in different fields related with optoelectronics, catalysis, gas sensing and photovoltaics [4]. Cuprous oxide (Cu2O) is a direct-gap semiconductor with a band gap energy of approximately 2.1 eV [5] also used as a transparent electrode. The fabrication of segmented p-Cu2O/n-ZnO nano-junctions desired in this work is facilitated by (ALD). In this presentation we report on the strategy we are developing to produce segmented textured solar cells based on Cu2O/ZnO junctions, the applications, achievements and challenges to overcome.


In the late 18th century, the number, wealth, and significance of bourgeoisie increased in all Western European countries, including the Swedish realm. In consequence, the bourgeoisie started to educate their sons more than before. In this article, I look into the formal education of burghers in one Swedish town, Helsinki, in 1743–1808. During this period, the sea-fortress Sveaborg was built off Helsinki, which made the town's population sixfold and the number of its burghers threefold. However, the number of burghers' sons in the Helsinki trivium (primary Latin school) did not rise alongside the growing population, but varied remarkably annually. The number of burghers' sons from Helsinki, both in the trivium and at the university, was even below the national average. However, some upper-class distinctions like the use of private tutors began to appear among the burgher elite of Helsinki, contrary to previous beliefs.


Among currently available image denoising algorithms, non-local means (NLM) is one of the most effective methods. NLM calculates weights of neighboring pixels based on the similarity between two image patches. The denoised pixel is estimated by the weighted sum of the neighboring pixels. Because the number of neighboring patches needs to be sufficiently large so that enough similar patches can be covered, NLM incurs high computational cost. In this paper, we incorporate binary descriptor pre-classification and distance-based pre-termination to exclude dissimilar patches from the computation so that the performance of NLM can be enhanced. A binary descriptor produces a simple binary string to describe an image patch by comparing pixels with a given threshold. Before calculating the weight between two patches, their binary descriptors are compared and the patch is skipped if the binary descriptors are not the same. Although binary descriptor pre-classification can exclude a large number of dissimilar patches, some patches with large distance between them are still calculated. Therefore, after the pre-classification, during the process of calculating distance between two patches, the computation is pre-terminated if the accumulated distance is larger than a threshold and that patch is also excluded from the weight calculation. Experimental results show that combining these two approaches in excluding dissimilar patches can effectively increase the denoising performance of NLM and significantly reduce the execution time.


This paper discusses the conception of mathematics thinking quality and puts forward the idea on how to initiate students' mathematics thinking and cultivate its quality by way of creating teaching environment,optimizing teaching method,excavating teaching,content and planning teaching porcess according to the requirements of quality education.


High and long-term persistence of turbidity especially after a large flood event has been a burning issue in the area of river water environment. Considering the fact that reservoirs are responsible for more than half of drinking water in Japan, it is of great importance to investigate the turbidity in reservoirs to ensure water supply. Furthermore, climate change may affect the occurrence of higher turbidity in reservoirs since behavior of suspended sediment is sensitive to the condition of thermal stratification in a reservoir as well as precipitation. We applied a vertical 1-dimensional hydraulic model for future prediction of turbidity in more than 30 reservoirs in Japan. We set a reference period and a future period of the simulations as 1981-2000 and 2081-2100 respectively. Future scenario takes into account changes of temperature and solar radiation. As a result, we revealed that profiles of the water temperature and suspended sediment after a flood event might change due to climate change. Furthermore, change rates of duration of annual high turbidity outflow from reservoirs with respect to baseline scenario showed significant variability. Plus, results implied that reservoirs with smaller turn over rate were more sensitive to climatological change than other reservoirs.


In many important respects Xenophon's handling of time is like Chariton's. Arguments that our version of the Ephesiaca is an epitome have been vigorously rebutted, but the sense remains for many readers that something fuller and more satisfactory lurks behind the extant text. The most important function of narratorial analepsis is to effect transitions between and co-ordinate the separate narrative threads. The prolepses can be divided into a number of categories: (a) narratorial prolepses; (b) prolepses implied by the intentions of the divine; (c) prophetic dreams and oracles; (d) actorial prolepses; (e) seeds. Xenophon's handling of time is, like Chariton's, rather simple, and for the most part time is not thematised or emphasised. In some aspects, such as prolepsis, there may also be issues of incompetence or epitomisation. Keywords: Chariton; Ephesus; narrative; prolepses; Xenophon


The invention discloses a method and device for obtaining user information. The method and device are used for distinguishing messaging-sending users on a third party platform to bring convenience to the users. The method comprises the steps that a message pushed by an instant communication platform is received, wherein the message is sent by a first user to an account belonging to the account of the instant communication platform; a second identification of the first used is obtained from the message; whether user information of the first user is stored or not is judged according to the second identification of the first user; when the user information of the first user is not stored, account information is obtained from a uniform resource locator corresponding to the message, and the time when the message pushed by the instant communication platform is received is obtained from the message; the instant communication platform is logged in according to the account information; a first identification of the first user under the account is obtained according to the time when the message pushed by the instant communication platform is received; user information of the first user is obtained according to the first identification of the first user. According to the method and device for obtaining the user information, the message-sending users can be distinguished according to the user information.


Abstract The method of control signal shaping has been practically used in control systems with flexible elements since the end of 80 th years of last century. The most of applications has been focused on machine engineering, e. g. speedy elevators, cranes, etc. New techniques for design of train of impulses improving system robustness appeared in the theory (mainly in time domain). The article presents alternative approach based on discrete shaping filter design as a correction filter with impulse response identical to classical solution (for properly selected filter parameters). Referring to realization of control signal shaping system by digital devices, this approach is more convenient one. The proposed modification, increasing of sampling frequency at the input of digital shaping filter, allows fast system response to control signal changes.


The present invention provides a radial shaft seal for a housed in the housing and about an axis so that the air side of the shaft seal sealingly separated from the oil side of the seal. The seal member includes a mounting portion and a sealing lip, the sealing lip has an annular sealing surface at the oil side end and a free end extending air side. An annular bridge portion hinge-connected to a first oil-side end of the sealing lip, and is connected to the mounting portion via a second hinge through. The bridge portion extending from the first to the second hinge and the hinge lip seal radially superposed. An annular projecting portion from the mounting portion extending axially away from the bridge portion. The protruding portion has a side facing the oil seal lip portion, when the seal lip portion and the projecting portion facing the end of the air side seal lip portion when pivoted about a first pivot hinge link.


. This study targeted Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus )-mastitis of bovine as a possible source of live -stock-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), to describe clinical signs of mastitis associat ed with MRSA and methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA). The study area was the Gharbia and Kaf relsheikh governorates, in the central and northern regions of the Egyptian Delta. Clinical examination of animals was performed to detect clinical mastitis (CM) and clinically normal cases were tested by the California mastitis test (CMT) to identify subclinical mastitis (SCM). Accordingly, 38 mastitis cases (68 infected quarters) were detected. Milk sam ples were collected aseptically and were cultured on Baird Parker agar. Fifty nine Gram-positive cocci-shaped isolates were selected and preserved. In addition, 33 Staphylococcus spp. isolates originated from bovine mastitis at the same study area were obtained from Animal Health Research Institute (AHRI). The cocci-shaped Gram-positive bacteria and AHRI Staphylococcus spp. isolates were used for molecular identification of S. aureus and MRSA. Molecular screen ing had yielded 17 S. aureus isolates, from which five isolates (29.41%) were MRSA and 12 isolates (70.59%) were MSSA. The five MRSA isolates were mecA positive, but mecC negative. Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) of the five MRSA isolates indicated that all were sequence type 1 (ST1). S. aureus -associated cases showed different clinical forms of mastitis, including subclinical, acute, chronic, and gangrenous. However, subclinical mastitis was the only detected form associated with MRSA, which may represent a potential hidden risk for humans. Phenotypic antimicro -bial-resistance pattern of MRSA isolates showed resistance to all of the tested β-lactam antimicrobials, with marked Staphylococcus on Baird Parker agar. A 24 h incubation at 37 °C was done according to Silva et al. (2000). Gram-stained Smears of the colonies were examined. The putative Staphylococcus species isolates were preserved in glycerol stock at −20 °C. In addition to the above mentioned putative iso lates, 33 Staphylococcus isolates were obtained from AHRI. Such isolates originated from bovine mastitis cases at the same study area, but clin ical data of these isolates were not recorded. resistance to tetracycline and gentamycin. Based on our knowledge, this is the first report to identify MRSA ST1 in Egypt. Bovine mastitis could be a source for the dissemination of MRSA to humans and other animals. Additionally, while methicillin-resistance may have no effect on the clinical severity of mastitis, it does affect therapeutic success, particularly when β-lactam antimicrobials are used.


The patient, a young man of 21, was a member of the freshman class at Princeton, where he had been in attendance for five weeks before the onset of symptoms. At his home in Bernardsville, N. J., no cases of poliomyelitis were known to have occurred. At Princeton during the summer there had been several cases of the disease and in the college three cases, all in the freshman class, two of them fatal. The patients had all come from infected localities, though the disease did not appear until those attacked had been from two to five weeks in Princeton. The men did not know each other or room in the same dormitory, the only point of contact being in commons or recitation room. The patient had been under my care for a number of years. The only significant thing in his past history was pneumonia four years ago. and


Abstract Aim To determine whether the rewarming rate is associated with neurological outcomes in patients with post–cardiac arrest syndrome treated with targeted temperature management (TTM) at 34°C. Methods We conducted a retrospective analysis of a nationwide cohort study of out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest in Japan. Adult patients who experienced a return of spontaneous circulation and completed TTM at 34°C between June 2014 and December 2019 were divided equally into three groups (slow, moderate, and rapid) according to their rewarming rates from 34°C to 36°C. The rates of favorable neurological outcomes (Cerebral Performance Category of 1–2 after 30 days) were compared among the groups, and the adjusted odds ratios for a favorable neurological outcome were calculated for the groups. Results We analyzed 348, 357, and 358 patients in the slow, moderate, and rapid groups, respectively. The periods of rewarming from 34°C to 36°C were 41.9 ± 10.5, 22.4 ± 1.8, and 12.2 ± 3.6 h, respectively. The number of favorable neurological outcomes after 30 days was 121 (34.8%), 125 (35.0%), and 147 (41.1%), respectively, with no significant differences among the three groups (p = 0.145). Rapid rewarming was independently associated with a favorable neurological outcome compared with slow rewarming (adjusted odds ratio 1.57 [95% confidence interval 1.04–2.37]; p = 0.031). Conclusions Rapid rewarming after TTM at 34°C was associated with a more favorable neurological outcome than slow rewarming.


Although there are many ways to save for a child's college education, I recommend that my clients consider these two methods.


This article presents and seeks to make visible what could be an alarming scenario. There is, we believe, a widespread and growing depletion of the capacities and resources for social reproduction – that is, the glue that keeps households and societies together and active. This glue, as is well recognised, largely depends upon the unpaid work of women at home and in the community. The capacity to do this unpaid work is currently being affected across North and South by the globalisation of production, the move of women into paid work, the commercialisation of services and the changing functions of the state. However, because most of this unpaid work is still largely unmeasured – as we shall show, it is not counted as 'productive' in the United Nations (UN) System of National Accounts (SNA) – the depletion in social reproduction is not aggregated and is only 'noticed' in ad hoc and small-scale ways. We attempt in this article to assess the reasons for and the consequences of this failure to measure, and argue that it is an issue which demands the urgent attention of statisticians, economists and policy makers, alongside feminist academics and activists. Without unpaid services and their depletion being measured and valued, predictions are likely to be faulty, models inaccurate and development policies flawed. The history of the campaign on unpaid work over the last three decades illustrates, on the one hand, the salience of these issues and, on the other, the resistance which exists to taking them seriously. In 1988 Marilyn Waring, a political economist and former New Zealand Member of Parliament, produced a seminal book If Women Counted – A New Feminist Economics. This was scathing about the fact that neither unpaid work (mainly done by women in the home) nor natural inputs from the environment were given value in current measurements of economic and productive activity. She was particularly critical of the SNA, which formalised the practice of governments in this respect. Her aim was to initiate a campaign to persuade policy makers that the failure to count unpaid work both lay at the roots of gender inequality and caused serious flaws in the way economic trends were evaluated. New Political Economy, Vol. 12, No. 3, September 2007


Food Banks (FB) are the most important Food and Nutrition Security (FNS) Tools to fight against food waste all over the country. There are currently 214 FB operating in Brazil. The food received by the Banks usually have no commercial value, however, it is adequate for consumption. The Good Practices, on the other hand, become essential elements to guarantee the quality of the received and donated food by the FB. The Manual of Good Practices (MGP) guides the implementation of Good Practices and helps their maintenance. Considering the importance of the MGP for the promotion of the FNS of the recipients, as well as the lack of specific literature for the sector, this article presents a Script proposition of the MGP with an expanded view for application in FB. The systematization of the proposal follows an adaptation of the MGP used for food services and regulatory frameworks referring to Good Practices in national and international scopes. The Script was composed of ten items, which are detailed, related to the regulatory frameworks, and they approach, besides the quality control usually observed for the food services, items peculiar to the FB. Finally, it is important to highlight that the MGP should be developed according to each reality. It is also worth noting that the script alone does not promote the FNS of the recipients, since there is a need to systematically implement what is described and/or to make adaptations to ensure the quality control of food DOI: 10.12957/demetra.2017.22877


The annual NCFR Filmstrip/Videotape Comnpetition was hosted by the Child Development and Family Relations Department, College of Home Economics, North Dakota State University in Fargo, the week of April 29th through May 3rd, 1985. The purpose of this competition, according to NCFR, was to evaluate quality and endorse excellence in the production of filmstrips and videotapes with themes relevant to family issues, to promote the effective use of these resources, and to encourage high standards in the development of creative learning opportunities. NCFR solicited entries to compete in the following 10 categories: Human Development Across the Life Span; Parenting Issues; NonTraditional Family Systems; Family Process and Communication; Sexuality and Sex Role Development; Marital Issues and Marriage Enrichment; Human Reproduction and Family Planning; Stress, Transition, and Crisis Management; Contemporary Social Issues; and Special Needs. The following entry guidelines were imposed by NCFR: acceptable formats included 35mm sound-or captioned with audio cassette or record-filmstrips, and 3/4" videocassettes; submissions were first time entries to this competition and carried a release date no earlier than January 1, 1983; all entries were required to be available for purchase, rental, and/or free loan on a national basis; and each producer/distributor could submit only one entry per category in each of the entry formats. Forty-five entries were received (11 filmstrips and 34 videotapes) from national companies, television stations, and independent producers. For each of these entries, the


Urban natural remnant site is an important habitat which can maintain biodiversity and complex gene bank.Based on the expatiation of definition and connotation of urban natural remnant site,this article discusses its special function and difference with traditional green space.According to the characteristics and functions of urban natural remnant sits,this article constructs the protection assessment system which includes 15 indicators,such as patch area,patch shape,connectivity,community,population density,and so on.This article takes Honglian natural habitat for example to give empirical evidence.Finally,some suggestions are put forward such as thinking highly of urban ecological background investigation and community public participation to natural protection,appraising urban natural habitat resource and improving management.


The incidence and lifetime prevalence of eczema in England continues to increase. Similar increases have been observed in the estimated number of prescriptions issued for eczema.


The peripheral facial nerve and facial muscles were investigated Tupaia glis from the phylogenic point of view by a special dissection technique through the bone surface.The facial nerve of Tupaia glis spread out in a six branch like fan without diverging to the superior and inferior as in man.The peripheral branches of the facial nerve could be easily distinguished one by one, because the divergence of the principle branches was simple and orderly.The auther found some thin muscles which passed deeply into the m. maxillo-naso-labialis and named it Pars transversus m. nasalis. However, Clark and Lightoller have reported that only the m. naso-labialis was found there.The m. depressor palpebrae inferioris indicated by Huber in Lemur variegatus also existed in Tupaia glis.


If you're an IRA owner who must take a required minimum distribution (RMD) in 2011, you can avoid some or all of the resulting income tax liability by donating a portion of it to charity. A qualified charitable distribution (QCD), also known as an IRA...


The epitaph of Xiong Mingyu's mother Wang Tai-ruren was found in the East Lake Village of Jingkou Township,Nanchang County,Jiangxi Province.It is the latest discovery of important raw data.It not only has a high cultural value and historical value,but it provides clues for the research of Jiangxi local celebrities,particularly Nanchang's celebrities,such as:Xiong Mingyu,Xiong Renlin,Liu Yuening,Wu Daonan,Xu Zuo,Xu Laifeng,Yu Zhizhi,and Xu Liangyan.It can benefit the research of local celebrities and "the Dissemination of Western Learning in China."In Jiangxi it is represented by Xiong Mingyu and his son Xiong Renlin in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties.


Technology adoption in supply chain management may create major breakthrough achievements. This paper aims at exploring different aspects of technology adoption in supply chain management (SCM) through six thinking strategies of decision makers at different stages in different sectors viz. FMCG, electrical, heavy engineering, electronics and pharmaceutical & chemicals) to recognize operations at different level through six thinking strategies. In supply chain structure, supply chain length can be different for different business, although some of the practices are similar. This paper explored the technology adoption in different phases among different industries with Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) and BARCODE. This paper can be useful for decision makers of a firm to take crucial decisions for particular technology adoption in particular phase of value chain by considering different pros and cons. The technical application may differ from sector to sector, hence this paper provide useful guidance for implementation of technology in different phases.


The topic of this article is important, all the more so because it has been sparsely addressed in spite of the significantly disproportionate burden of HIV/AIDS borne by African American women and their dependent children in the United States. The relative invisibility of this vulnerable population increases the urgency to highlight their needs and create culturally appropriate systems to meet those needs. Although perinatally transmitted HIV is currently in rapid decline in this country, there is the specter of a second wave of disease. What we learn about current cohorts, regrettably, may well be needed for future ones. The issue I address in my commentary is the significance of the authors' cultural insights into mothering as practice in this particular subgroup. I approach this from two perspectives: methodological rigor with its associated credibility and the implications of the findings for nursing practice. Having read earlier versions of this manuscript, I commend the authors for current attention to rigor of ethnographic method that increases the credibility of the results. The authors attend to this in three ways. Data collection includes repeated in-depth interviews, and a range of participant-observation activities. Details of the data collection and data analysis plan are clearly described. The fact that a combination of generic qualitative analysis techniques was used is appropriately acknowledged. There can be limitations when using generic methods, especially the danger of crossing methodological boundaries and blending methods inappropriately (Baker, Wuest, & Stern, 1992). Ethnography provides some leeway for techniques in data immersion, coding, and derivation of themes. The authors show awareness of these and honor the essential ethnographic emphasis on discovering tacit cultural meaning. The authors' stated purposes are broad, and it is not surprising that this ambitious agenda could only be met, in part, especially because generic analyses were used. Perhaps a clearer commitment to a grounded theory approach or to a specific ethnographic method such as Spradley's (1979, 1980) developmental research sequence would have been helpful in articulating the results. The authors, however, do succeed in the stated goal of identifying self-care practices from the perspective of the sample of African American women who are HIV positive, caring for their child who is also HIV positive. They also identify much of the cultural meaning of mothering


The synthesis of several novel polynitrogen materials based on fused 1,2,4-triazines is described. A powerful palladium-catalyzed N-heteroarylation strategy followed by a cyclization provides a straightforward one-pot reaction to these tricyclic materials.


This study examined the behaviour of government spending and economic growth in six ECOWAS countries using ARDL and UVAR-based modified granger non-causality approach. Secondary data covering1981-2013 were sourced on key variables from (WDIs) 2014 edition. The result of Johansen and ARDL bound test suggests a long run equilibrium relationship between government spending and economic growth in all the six countries. The result of the modified ARDL indicates that variables adjust to a long run equilibrium path after a short run deviation. The ECM coefficient is negatively signed and significant at 5 and even at 1 percent in line with a priori expectation. This provides strong support for the long run equilibrium relationship. However, the speed of adjustment to long run equilibrium path varies across the six countries. The causality test result suggests that bidirectional causality exists for Gambia, Cote d'Ivoire, Senegal and Burkina Faso while unidirectional causality running from economic growth to government spending was found for Nigeria and Ghana. There is no support for the feedback hypothesis. Policy makers in this region are enjoined to caution on the call for fiscal consolidation but rather consider the fiscal space alternative to advance the developing economies in this sub-region. The study therefore concluded that there is a cause-effect relationship between government spending among other variables and economic growth in the developing ECOWAS countries.


Where do we find ourselves? Not exactly on a stair, whether Langston Hughes's "crystal," Theodore Roethke's "winding," or Led Zeppelin's "to heaven." Urged to a story of disciplinary progress by the privileged model of scientific research in the universities where we work, and to one of political progress by our own privileged status and instrumental aspirations in the unjust world where we live, we nonetheless cannot chart a linear or a singularly purposeful course. So this collection of reviews of "New Books from the Last 20 Years" implies in its conception and confirms in the selections and testimony of its contributors. That important books from the last 20 years may be "new" to us concedes that they have not adequately informed our professional practice or self-understanding heretofore, or contends that our project's shifting conditions, values, and needs have cast these books into fresh relief and demand. Neither case bespeaks an integrated or directional disciplinary narrative. Nor do the collected accounts of the 20 scholars represented herein, who argue that our "central preoccupation . . . [is] the propagation of moral criticism at the explicit expense of dispassionate analysis" (Esteve) and that "the current climate [is] of a 'new formalism' in literary studies" (Lye); that the "call to examine the continuing present has largely been ignored" (Castronovo) and that close examination of the past is too often sacrificed to "the needs and desires of our own contemporary moment" (Levine); that "national exceptionalism and literary nationalism [have yielded] to literary origins stories that reach across rather than reinforce national divides" (Levander) and that "an unthinking resort to the nation [remains] the organizing principle for both our scholarship and our teaching" (Claybaugh); that


The single–occupant Nexus vehicle design represents a major step forward in the reduction of fuel requirements for safe, personal commuting. Passenger car safety standards applicable to enclosed three–wheeled vehicles are incorporated in this design sponsored by Transport Canada. Fuel efficiency of 1.61/100 km are attainable with a conventional 250cc powertrain, a low vehicle mass (40 kg), and the unique aerodynamic characteristics of the first Nexus prototype. Good acceleration, stable handling, and a top speed of 140 km/h proffer further optimisation and widespread adaptation of Nexus–type vehicles by industry.


Introduction of a correction factor accounting for large mean plastic strain to the kinetic law for the rate of damage per cycle is proposed. Integration of the corrected kinetic damage law under the assumption of a stable hysteresis loop (constant strain amplitude, constant mean plastic strain leads to a generalized Coffin-Manson formula. The formula is useful for calculation of the fatigue life of structures after transition of transient ratchetting to the plastic shakedown state. Integration of the damage law is performed also for the case of superimposed cyclic and monotonic strain. The results of calculations are compared with the experimental results reported by Coffin (1970) and described by the author using a quasilinear criterion. An improved fatigue failure criterion for this case is presented and a good convergence with the results of tests for Nickel A samples is shown.


On board energy management system for Electric Vehicle (EV) defines the fuel economy and all electric range. Charging and discharging of energy storage devices take place during running as well as stand-still conditions. Battery-alone EV suffers from range anxiety, current drain during peak power demand and less battery life. It depends on the grid for charging and thus the increasing popularity of EV is increasing burden on the grid. Different energy storage devices are available which could be used on board to form a hybrid energy storage system. Batteries, Ultra-capacitors and fuel cells are some of them. Such a system will act as a stress reduction factor and increase the battery life. In this paper, a detail literature review of various energy storage devices that can be used in EV is presented. A comparative study of various topologies available for this purpose is also presented. Finally, a detailed review of Energy Management Strategy (EMS) is presented with current trends and research gaps i.e., challenges.


The redistribution in frequency of radiation scattered from moving atoms is examined in some generality, allowing for the different types of scattering that occur in the atom's rest frame under different circumstances. Some general formulas are obtained and a number of explicit results are given. Finally some attention is devoted to the properties of the redistribution functions and to the methods that may be used for computing them. (auth)


The possibility of specific immunization to the proteins which exist in tuberculins has been a matter of knowledge for some time. Little is known, however, of the influence of tuberculin on the formation of antibodies to other foreign proteins. That certain non-protein substances introduced into the blood stream materially enhance the production of antibodies to protein antigens has been demonstrated in several instances. Thus, arsenic compounds were shown by Agazzi1 to increase the production of agglutinin, by Friedberger and Masuda 2 hemolysin, and by Strubell 8 opsonin. Sodium iodoxybenzoate was shown by Hektoen4 to increase the antibody formation to foreign erythrocytes, by Arkin 5 to bacteria, and by Wago 6 to pancreatin.


Thirty two Canchim suckling calves, maintained on rotational grazing system of Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu, were divided in three groups corresponding to three evaluated treatments: control (without creep-feeding); SAL5 (addition of 5% of NaCl to concentrate fed in creep-feeding); and SAL10 (addition of 10% of NaCl to concentrate fed in creep-feeding). Feeding in a creep-feeding system lasted 90 days, divided in three subperiods of 30 days. The body weight gain was greater in the subperiods 1 and 2 for SAL10 and SAL5 treatments, respectively. There were no differences in the third subperiod and, in the overall period, the SAL10 treatment (0.91 kg.animal-1.day-1) was better than control treatment (0.81 kg.animal-1.day-1). The monthly remuneration provided by the treatments SAL5 e SAL10 related to the control group were -12.5 and 6.0%, respectively. The body weight differentials at weaning, compared to the control group, for creep-feeding provide a monthly net profit of 0, 0.6, 1.2, and 6.0% should be 10.8, 11.0, 11.2, and 12.8 kg.animal-1 for SAL5 and 7.6, 7.7, 7.8, and 9.0 kg.animal-1 for SAL10. It was concluded that the limited supplement intake in creep-feeding was necessary to obtain economic viability.


PURPOSE
In this article, submacular autologous neurosensory retinal transplantation technique is presented in patients with large macular hole (MH) accompanying retinal detachment (RD).

METHODS
In the surgical procedure, 23-G pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) and peripheral vitrectomy were carried out. An autologous neurosensory retinal patch, which should be larger than the diameter of the MH, was released from a suitable quadrant. The retinal patch was grasped with 23 Gauge micro forceps and then passed through the MH and placed under the macula. Fluid perfluorocarbon (PFCL) was injected, and the retina was reattached. A subfoveal autologous neurosensory retinal patch was repositioned in the center of the MH with gentle manipulation under PFCL, if necessary. Laser retinopexy was applied to peripheral tears under PCFL. Subsequently, a 5000-cst silicone oil-PFC exchange was also performed.

RESULTS
Four eyes of four patients were operated on with the technique described above. Silicone oil was removed from two patients and the macular holes were closed in all patients at the last follow-up.

CONCLUSION
This technique has been beneficial in refractory MHs and can improve the visual potential in eyes with MHs.


The accurate detection and repair of DNA damage is crucial for genome stability in all organisms. Despite extensive characterization of DNA repair pathways using genetics and biochemical assays, it remains unclear how repair proteins perform their function within the cellular environment and how different repair pathways are coordinated in the cell. I will present our developments of single-molecule imaging and microfluidics techniques to investigate the mechanisms of DNA repair and mutagenesis at the single-cell level. A key advantage of these methods is their ability to resolve biological heterogeneity and dynamic behaviour. By avoiding population averaging, we found that mutation rates are dynamically regulated by DNA damage responses. We show that stochastic fluctuations in the expression of DNA repair factors affect cell survival and modulate the rates of mutagenesis in single bacterial cells. DNA gyrase has an essential role in bacterial chromosome maintenance via controlling level of chromosome supercoiling. During transcription and replication, moving polymerases introduce positive supercoiling, which will block the enzymes if not removed. By using live cell imaging, we observed that gyrase forms replication dependent foci. However, Photoactivated-Localization The electrochemical properties and changes in the arrangement of LHCII complexes immobilized on screen-printed graphite electrodes (GE) were investigated by broad range of physicochemical methods. We used the cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential puls voltammetry (DPV) Photosynthesis is a process functioning efficiently at high span of light intensities. Numerous, complex regulatory mechanisms, operating to adjust photosynthetic activity to actual light intensity, include excitation quenching under overexcitation conditions. Such a mechanism can be followed by monitoring of lifetimes of chlorophyll fluorescence in vivo. Surprisingly, very similar type of quenching has been observed in intact chloroplasts under extremely low light intensities [1]. During talk, The anticancer activity of diruthenium-1 complex in vitro was evaluated against a panel of human cancer cell lines: HepG2 (liver hepatocellular carcinoma), MCF-7 (estrogen responsive breast adenocarcinoma), MDA-MB-231 (triple negative breast adenocarcinoma) and A549 (lung alveolar adenocarcinoma), on the basis of its ability to induce apoptosis, DNA damage and inhibition of cell cycle and proliferation. The effect of the complex on the intracellular redox state was also investigated. The results indicated selective anticancer activity of MCF-7 cells at the nanomolar IC 50 vs. the micromolar (>1 µmol/L) for the rest of the cell microinjected Antisense transcription is pervasive phenomenon in many genomes that often leads to convergent transcription. In my talk I will tell about new role of Elongin C, protein known to be involved in DNA damage repair, in regulation of protein-coding gene by its antisense transcript. We showed that in plants, like in other organisms, Elongin C can facilitate DNA repair by promoting poly-ubiquitylation of RNA polymerase II stalled on DNA lesion. We also uncovered new role of Elongin C, which is expression regulation of major seed dormancy regulator in Arabidopsis – DOG1 gene and showed that this regulation is dependent on the presence of DOG1 antisense transcript.


The main purpose of this paper is to compare empirically four Value-at-Risk simulation methods, namely, the Variance-Covariance, the Historical Simulation, the Bootstrapping and the Monte Carlo. We tried to estimate the VaR associated to three currencies and four currency portfolios in the Tunisian exchange market. Data covers the period between 01-01-1999 and 31-12-2007. Independently of the used technique, the Japanese Yen seems to be the most risky currency. Moreover, the portfolio diversification reduces the exchange rate risk. Lastly, the number of violations, when they exist, does not generally differ between the simulation methods. Recent evaluation tests were applied to select the most appropriate technique predicting precisely the exchange rate risk. Results based on these tests suggest that the traditional Variance-Covariance is the most appropriate method.


An analysis is made of the influence of flow nonlinearity in the apertures of a perforated elastic plate on the damping of sound and flexural vibrations. Fluid is forced through the perforations by the pressure differential established across the plate by the incident disturbance. The Reynolds number is assumed to be sufficiently large that separation occurs, and the reciprocating aperture flows form 'jets' on alternate sides of the plate. The growth of these jets is modelled by means of a nonlinear equation proposed by Cummings (1986). This equation is solved simultaneously with a generalized bending wave equation derived by the author (Howe, 1995a) which governs motions of a perforated elastic plate whose lengths scales are large compared to the aperture spacing. It is shown that significant attenuations of large amplitude acoustic waves can occur except when the frequency is so small that the plate is acoustically transparent. Bending waves are also damped provided the amplitude of the plate surface velocity is not too large and the frequency is small enough to ensure the formation of substantial jets in the apertures. Numerical results are given for large amplitude sound waves incident on a perforated screen in air, and for bending waves propagating over aluminium and steel screens immersed in either air or water.


Abstract. An attempt has been made to purify factors present in aqueous extracts of pig epidermis which inhibit epidermal cell proliferation. A lipophilic factor of low molecular weight (less than 10,000), has been shown to inhibit DNA synthesis as measured by the uptake of tritiated thymidine in mouse ear epidermis. Purification by alcohol precipitation, ethyl acetate extraction and silicic acid column chromatography produced a fifteen‐fold increase in the specific activity of the inhibitory action. It seems likely that aggregation or absorption of this low molecular weight factor may explain the high molecular weight of epidermal cell proliferation inhibitors previously studied, as well as the difficulty in their characterization.


In service oriented computing applications, different resources in grid systems are encapsulated abstractly as services. Sometime, single service software can provide valuable service functions for service consumers, but most of the time, single atomic service can not satisfy them. In this case, the system builds a new composite service, which selects all available qualified grid service for composition. Services with similar and compatible functionality may be offered at different QoS levels. Thus, to build a service process, decisions must be made to select component services at appropriate QoS levels. Therefore, quality of service (QoS) aspects is crucial for selecting the grid services to take part in the composition of the new service. In this paper, we address to the problem of Grid services composition based on QoS parameters with end-to-end constraints, we suggest a new model, which transform any model of composition to a sequential model, and we propose a new approach based on the application of a Fuzzy Multiple Attribute Decision Making technique in order to guide the composition process to selected an optimal composite service.


This paper raises the necessity of the introduction of innovative education in electrical engineering class and introduces some methods and their examples to introduce innovative education in electrical engineering class.At the same time,the article points out the problem of the two conclusion on "to enhancing the power factor of inductive load can only use parallel-capacitors and not use series-capacitors" and "if three-phase asymmetric load connected by Y-connection is not neutral conductor,the load voltage must be asymmetric".Finally,the thesis illustrates the correct attitude towards introduing innovative education in class.


The radiologic assessment of renal blood flow leaves much to be desired. The orthoiodohippurate renogram measures an integration of many variables including blood flow, tubular enzymatic function, tubular transport, and renal pelvic storage. The mercury renogram is even more complex. These technics are therefore useful only as an index of total renal function and not as a measure of renal blood flow. With the use of nonisotopic methods, the mean transit time of radiopaque contrast material affords an index of renal blood flow but is also limited by the fact that in addition to blood flow, renal function plays an important part in the changing kidney density. In 1963 Thorburn et al. (1) applied the Kety-Schmidt washout technic of inert radioactive gases to the assessment of renal blood flow, affording the opportunity to quantitate the intrarenal distribution and renal blood flow in cubic centimeters per 100 g perfused tissue per minute. The radioactive gas washout technic requires intra-arterial injection ...


This study aims at investigating query formulation and reformulation patterns within the search procedure focusing mainly on the semantic aspect of submitted queries. Results identified generalisations, specifications, parallel movements and replacements with synonyms; the parallel movement came first in the users' preferences for reformulating a query. Additionally this study revealed that users used terms identified within the retrieved result sets for reformulating their queries. Users also used provided terms for formulating their queries while some terms that users typed in either for formulating or reformulating their queries were repeated even in queries with no strictly related subject of interest. Regarding the length of the queries outcomes showed that users, consistently to previous studies, typed in mostly one word per query. Furthermore, approximately half of the terms users chose for carrying out their searches were actually included in the Eurovoc thesaurus.


Objective To comapare and evaluate the values of ultrasound-guided percutaneous lung biopsy and CT-guided percutaneous lung biopsy in diagnosis of peripheral lung cancer. Methods We retrospectively collected the clinical characteristics and data of 93 patients with suspected peripheral lung cancer who received image-guided percutaneous lung biopsy.These patients were divided into two groups:ultrasound group and CT group.The success rate of sampling,the accuracy of diagnosis,the incidence of hemoptysis or increased hemoptysis and the incidence of pneumothorax were comparatively analyzed. Results The success rate of sampling was 90.5% and the accuracy of diagnosis was 81% in ultrasound group,while the success rate of sampling was 93.1% and the accuracy of diagnosis was 86.1% in CT group(P0.05).The incidence of pneumothorax was 9.5% and the incidence of hemoptysis or increased hemoptysis was 14.3% in ultrasound group,while the incidence of pneumothorax was 31.9% and the incidence of hemoptysis or increased hemoptysis was 38.9% in CT group(P=0.041,0.035).The accuracy of diagnosis in both ultrasound and CT groups was higher than the accuracy of sputum cytology and bronchoscopy in each group(P0.05). Conclusion Both ultrasound-guided and CT-guided percutaneous lung biopsies have high success rates of sampling and accuracy of diagnosis.CTguided percutaneous lung biopsy is more likely to cause hemoptysis and pneumothorax which are usually insignificant in clinic.Both ultrasound-guided and CT-guided percutaneous lung biopsies are important methods of diagnosing peripheral lung cancer.


To solve the complexity,massive calculation and poor flexibility of partial differential equations which is required in gas pipeline modeling,a method for gas pipeline modeling in frequency domain is proposed based on equivalent circuit. The similarity between the fluid flow in the pipeline and the current in the circuit is analyzed,which provides the theoretical basis for the establishment of equivalent circuit model. The equivalent circuit model of the pressure gas pipeline is established. The frequency response curves and the step response curves of several lumped parameter models are compared. Finally,the Π equivalent circuit model is confirmed to be effective,which can provide a simple and convenient method for gas pipeline modeling in frequency domain.


The main tool available for ascertaining the effectiveness attained by a hazardous waste stabilization/solidification (S/S) process is the chemical analysis of the leachate of the solid product obtained. Moreover, it is a well-known fact that the pH of the leachate is the most significant factor in con trolling the leachability of solidified metal bearing wastes, so the lowest concentrations in the leachate of many important metals appear within an optimum range of this pH. In this paper, a methodology is proposed for predicting the final pH of the leachate of different formulations used in the treatment of metallic industrial wastes. This methodology allows us to adjust the proportion of agents used in the S/S processes. In this method, the neutralization curves must first be obtained by acetic acid titration (GANC) of the mixture components. Based on the GANC curves of the components, the alkaline buffer capacity of the S/S solid can be defined and the final pH of the leachate can be predicted. Excellent concordance has been seen between predicted values and test results. How ever, we have also noticed discrepancies for some wastes and S/S agents. These discrepancies can be attributed to internal alkali-consuming reactions that produce lower final leachate pHs than predicted. The methodology proposed helps iden tify the reactions responsible for this process and helps study the evolution over time of the solids obtained.


Concept of a 'kin-based society' relies on the assumption that, in stateless societies, kinship served as a fundamental and sufficient principle of social and political organization. Developed within the evolutionary paradigm, this concept has acquired different forms during the discipline's history, depending on the theoretical orientation of various anthropologists and their understanding of the notion of 'kinship'. Speaking from significantly different theoretical positions, anthropologists ranging from Rivers to Malinowski and Radcliffe- Brown, to Evans-Pritchard, Fortes and Levi-Strauss, all maintained that kinship formed a basis of social organization, although they did not always agree on the definition of the concept and the type of kinship relations that had this special quality of integrating and organizing the whole of society. The debates were primarily about whether it was consanguinity or affinity that served as a fundamental factor of forming and reproducing social relations. As modern anthropology rejects the idea that kinship relations can form the basis for social, economic and political integration in any type of society, including those without the state, class or caste system, this article considers the assumptions underpinning the construction of the concept witch for long played such an important role in the discipline's knowledge but later came to be seriously challenged.


Assuming the BCS mechanism, we have adopted the Anderson-model Hamiltonian to investigate if the ferromagnetic and the superconducting states can coexist in the Kondo-type heavy fermion superconductors. The results show that the coexistent state is unstable.


Classification of hyperspectral scenes has been dominated in recent years by Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs). Spectral and spatial convolutions have proven to be very effective in learning discriminative representations. The power of CNNs however is limited by their small receptive fields. Training deeper CNNs with wider receptive fields is a very difficult task with regard to the small amount of available training samples. Furthermore, CNNs seem to fail in capturing very local spectral features such as absorption peaks. In the present paper, we introduce a new paradigm inspired by physics-based hyperspectral indices and attention mechanisms. Our model learns spectral indices by focusing on specific spectral bands through soft attention units. It achieves high or better overall accuracy and kappa score than state-of-the-art CNNs on Pavia University, Kennedy Space Center and our own real-world dataset while dramatically reducing the number of parameters needed and increasing interpretability.


This study investigates asynchronous information transmission between stock returns and abnormal posting volume on the online stock message boards in China. Based on a robust GARCH model, the study finds that there are significant two-way volatility spillover effects: a positive volatility spillover effect from stock returns to abnormal message posting volume, and a negative volatility spillover effect from abnormal message posting volume to stock returns. The information exchange and communication on stock message boards have a certain role in stabilizing financial markets and improving investor's decision making on financial markets.


This paper addresses the development of an internet-based interactive globoidal indexing design system and methods. We adopt a client/server architecture. The developed system uses Java as the programming language, Java3D as the graphics API and XML as the information exchange file format so as to provide the flexibility of interoperability on a variety of operating platforms. The system embeds the cam shape data of the B-spline model into the XML file. This enhances the profile representation of a cam, yet keeps the representation compact. The interactive cam optimization design methodology is integrated. The prototype system indicates that the system can serve as the effective tool for designing globoidal indexing cam mechanism with the better properties of interaction and expansion. Introduction Present day customer demands point towards a need for greater customization and for shorter product lead times. To meet this demand, new manufacturing concepts such as computer integrated manufacturing , agile Manufacturing and recently Internet-based manufacturing have been implemented. The ultimate aim of internet-based manufacturing is to resolve problems with heterogeneous manufacturing software products and create a seamless collaborative manufacturing environment. The globoidal indexing cam mechanisms are widely used in the industry. Typical applications can be found in conveyors, machine tools and assembly systems. In such a system, when it is in motion, the different load torque will induce different deflections and create vibrations. Under high speed condition, the load characteristics and special need of customers can influence on the dynamic performance of the indexing cam mechanism [1]. Therefore, it is very important that customers participate in design. An efficient globoidal indexing cam mechanisms design system is essential to cut costs and reduce the product lead-time. The globoidal indexing cam mechanisms design system based on web server should be able to timely transfer information between customer and producer to bring about a seamless product design and manufacturing environment [2]. System Architecture The developed system uses Java as the programming language, Java3D as the graphics API and XML as the information exchange file format so as to provide the flexibility of interoperability on a variety of operating platforms. The architecture of the developed system, shown in Fig. 1, is generally known as thin client/fat server architecture. In this architecture, there is a clear distinction between the client and the server share of program execution. The client serves as a means for user input and visualization of the 3D models. The server executes the various modeling operations and the database houses the modeling and mechanism elements data. Server. The database houses the solid mode files in Parasolid's XML format. The functionality to retrieve information from the XML file and carry out polygonization of the model is provided by the Materials Science Forum Online: 2004-12-15 ISSN: 1662-9752, Vols. 471-472, pp 513-517 doi:10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.471-472.513 © 2004 Trans Tech Publications Ltd, Switzerland All rights reserved. No part of contents of this paper may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means without the written permission of Trans Tech Publications Ltd, www.scientific.net. (Semanticscholar.org-11/03/20,13:53:01) Advances in Materials Manufacturing Science and Technology 514


Brown (leaf) rust is the most common wheat disease and is found on all continents and countries where this crop is cultivated. Spring wheat occupies about 9 million hectares in Northern Kazakhstan. According to M.K. Koishybaev, brown rust and Septoria spot often appear together in the northern region, when they spread during the shooting-earing period and in case of wide progression, yield losses reach 30-40%, at the beginning of the filling- grain milk ripeness period - 7-10%. Among plant protection measures from various diseases caused by parasitic fungi, bacteria, viruses, as well as from damage by various insects, the most effective is introduction of immune varieties into the culture. The aim of our research is to study the genetic resources of spring crops and to identify new sources and donors of leaf rust resistance in northern Kazakhstan. In total, 150 varieties of spring bread wheat of various ecological and geographical origin were selected. The collection seed plot of spring soft wheat was sown in 2 replications, with a plot area of 2m2. The brown rust plot was lain according to the methodology of the State Variety Testing of Agricultural Crops. As a result of the work carried out, thirty-one new sources of resistance to leaf rust were identified: k-29288 (Georgia), Stendal (Italy), Sriblyanka, PKHRSV 02 (Ukraine), Frontana (Brazil), Marquis (Canada), etc. Seven varieties were characterized by resistance to leaf rust and a complex of economically valuable traits: Lutescens 415/00; Lutescens 120-03; Lutescens 16-04; Haamam 4; Sigma; Sibirskaya 17; Chelyaba early. The selected samples are of great interest for practical breeding and will be used to create new varieties of spring wheat with high productivity and resistance to leaf rust.


FIELD: mail item processing. SUBSTANCE: in accordance to the invention, to determine whether an item of mail has expected postage payment, automated check is performed, and completion of that check is recorded by applying code marking onto mail item. EFFECT: increased efficiency. 2 cl


The article deals with some problems of legal regulation of administrative responsibility for infringements of rules of an accomplishment in the regional administrative tort laws.


Aim Provides the loess dynamics basis and the new technology for the loess region highway construction.Methods Take the high filled section of BEIZHANG ditch in qilin highway for instance,analysed from the loess structure feature and mechanical properties,and proved through experiment in the scene and the lab,syntactically compared similarities and differences between dynamic compaction and conventional compaction method.Results This method has the the rationality and the validity in loess ground reinforcement processing,along with conpact energy increasing,the compression module remarkably increases;when striking number in a big way,the intensity growth scope is also bigger,but this may cause the test sample the initial period intensity reduce;When compaction effort is bigger than 300 kPa,is very obvious along with the age time change;the static sounding result indicates the loess intensity remarkable enhancement after the dynamic compaction.Conclusion Dynamic compaction was a simple and practical method that can effectively enhanced the loess ground and the subgrade strength,and guarantee security of the project.


Fritz von Unruh's novella Opfergang (The Sacrifice), depicting the great battle of Verdun, ranks amongst the foremost documents of German expressionist war-prose. Written in 1916 on order of the German Army's supreme command, it met with serious reservations by the military and could only be published in a revised version after the end of the war. Departing from this complex genesis, the article takes a closer look at the inherent ambiguity and ambivalence of Unruh's tale, ranging in scope from affirmative and heroic tendencies to outright pacifistic, anti-war leanings. The analysis first focuses on Unruh's narrative representation of modern warfare, moving on to reflections on the author's interpretive imposition of 'meaning' onto the cruel realities of war.


According to the first-ever attempt at quantifying natures value the value of the Earths ecosystem services is between US$16 trillion and US$54 trillion per year with the best estimate at US$33 trillion. Robert Costanza from the Institute of Ecological Economics and a dozen colleagues from around the world assembled all the data they could find for estimates of the value of 17 ecosystem services and calculated an average per-hectare value for each service. They multiplied by the number of hectares in each habitat type and added it all up to get a grand total. Although the researchers admit that the US$33 trillion total is a crude estimate their analysis is enough to motivate them to put more effort into studying ecosystem services. Costanza further suggests that policy makers could use these estimates as they consider the economic costs and benefits of development projects. However Jane Lubchenco former president of the Ecological Society of America is uneasy about an approach to conservation that depends entirely on the bottom line stating that "there are very real moral and ethical reasons why we might care about nature."


The literature on men and masculinities has established a clear and complex link between masculinity and violence. I contribute to the study of that link by exploring the relationship that men students from the National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM) have had with violence along their life trajectories and in their everyday experience. I discuss this in relation to the notion of the "masculinity mandate" put forth by feminist scholar Rita L. Segato. Through the analysis of 43 in-depth interviews with undergraduate students, I show how these young men have incorporated various forms of violence to their action repertoire to keep their masculine positions and identities stable in different moments in their lives. In many cases, this has also meant these men have had to position themselves vis-à-vis violence walking away from it, manifestly rejecting it, or overtly challenging it. Likewise, students are embarked in a process of negotiation with the different denunciations of masculine violence put forth mostly by mobilized feminist collectives and public discourse within their university context and in the city at large.


The human face exhibits complex and rich changes that are both unpredictable and varying in time. In this paper we present a novel method for synthesising and recognition of facial expression changes at extreme 3D views, based on images at near frontal views. Given a sequence of images of facial expressions at near frontal views, we automatically generate virtual expressions at extreme 3D views with corresponding semantic labelling of the expressions. This is accomplished by two components: a shape component where modelling of the shape changes is accomplished through the use of a mixture of probabilistic PCA (MPPCA) and a texture component where modelling of the semantic changes is performed through auto-clustering of facial expression subspaces in the MPPCA feature space.


'Instead (~l dirt and poison we hal'e rather chosen to .fill our hives \t'ith honey ond \\ 'OX, thus .fitrnishing 111ankind with the t\t 'O noblest of things, which are S\t·ectness ond light'Jonathan Swifl, The bailie o_j'books. Bees make honey which gives ' li ght ' (here light indicates new life) to the mankind. rather a wounded man. Indian priests used to mix honey in Panclwntrita t, a sacred liquid-mixture served to the people in worship-place for a long time. Indian physicians used to dress wounds with honey even in acute wounds of soldi ers in the battlefield since ancient time.


During the Late Cretaceous, the fragmentation of eastern Gondwana led to the formation of the narrow eastern Australian margin and the wide Lord Howe Rise during the opening of the oceanic Tasman Basin. To provide crustal‐scale constraints on this margin, a 680‐km‐long, east‐west oriented refraction transect with 100 ocean bottom seismometers was acquired from the Tasman Basin to the Lord Howe Rise. After traveltime tomographic inversion of the first refracted arrivals and reflected arrivals from the Moho, the final P wave velocity model reveals strong variations in crustal thickness. The Tasman Basin is floored by a two‐layered and 7‐km‐thick oceanic crust. To the east, the Middleton Basin separates the Dampier Ridge, with 16‐km‐thick continental crust, from the Lord Howe Rise, where the extended continental crust is 20–23 km thick. Below the Middleton Basin, Moho reflections are recorded at the base of 7‐km‐thick crust. The velocity gradient of this two‐layer crust suggests an oceanic origin for the Middleton Basin. Our results show no clear evidence for mantle exhumation or a sizable igneous intrusion within three separate and relatively narrow (<70 km) necking zones. The northwestern Zealandia margin thus appears to be magma poor and, despite the considerable width of this margin (>1,000 km), the lack of evidence for mantle exhumation, the evidence for oceanic crust under the Middleton Basin, and the narrow necking zones combine to suggest that northern Zealandia is not a hyperextended margin.


A polynomial identity testing algorithm must determine whether an input polynomial (given for instance by an arithmetic circuit) is identically equal to 0. In this paper, we show that a deterministic black-box identity testing algorithm for (high-degree) univariate polynomials would imply a lower bound on the arithmetic complexity of the permanent. The lower bounds that are known to follow from derandomization of (low-degree) multivariate identity testing are weaker. To obtain a lower bound for the permanent it would be su-cient to derandomize identity testing for polynomials of a very speciflc norm: sums of products of sparse polynomials with sparse coe-cients. This observation leads to new versions of the Shub-Smale ?-conjecture on integer roots of univariate polynomials. In particular, we show that a lower bound for the permanent would follow if one could give a polynomial upper bound on the number of real roots of sums of products of sparse polynomials (Descartes' rule of signs gives such a bound for sparse polynomials and products thereof). In fact the same lower bound would follow even if one could only prove a slightly superpolynomial upper bound on the number of real roots. This is a consequence of a new result on reduction to depth 4 for arithmetic circuits which we establish in a companion paper. We also show that an even weaker bound on the number of real roots would su-ce to obtain a lower bound on the size of depth 4 circuits computing the permanent. These results suggest the intriguing possibility that tools from real analysis might be brought to bear on a longstanding open problem: what is the arithmetic complexity of the permanent polynomial?


Snow is most widely distributed in the cryosphere and is one of the most active natural elements on the earth's surface. In this paper, based on MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) remote sensing data, the improved split-window algorithm is used to invert the snow surface temperature in Tibetan region, and a self-programmed Matlab program is used to complete the study of the infrared radiation characteristics of the snow surface. The remote sensing images of the characteristic date of 2020 are selected, and the inversion results are compared with the GLDAS-2.1 snow temperature product for verification. The results show that the errors between the observed and inversion values are stable in the range of 2-4K, and complete the investigation of the infrared characteristic law of snow environment at interannual scale. This study can provide an accurate, effective and fast means to monitor the parameters of snow environment in Tibetan region.


When conducting research on a given type of patients, it is impossible to examine all the existing subjects of that type (population) to derive the true mean of the parameter of interest. More realistically, by the investigation of a small group of subjects (sample) from the whole population, researchers can estimate an interval into which the true mean of the population lies. In statistics, such interval is referred to as confidence interval (CI). The calculation of the CI from a sample mean is simple and gives important information, not only regarding the true mean of the population, but also on the statistical significance of the difference between groups being compared. For these reasons, the reporting of the CIs is preferred over the p value alone. Perinetti G. StaTips Part VIII: Confidence interval for the sample mean. South Eur J Orthod Dentofac Res. 2020;7(1):2-3. 2 Short Communication 95% CI = mean ± 1.96 SE √n


Mitotic segregation of chromosomes requires spindle pole functions for microtubule nucleation, minus end organization, and regulation of dynamics. g-Tubulin is essential for nucleation, and we now extend its role to these latter processes. We have characterized a mutation in g-tubulin that results in cold-sensitive mitotic arrest with an elongated bipolar spindle but impaired anaphase A. At 30°C cytoplasmic microtubule arrays are abnormal and bundle into single larger arrays. Three-dimensional time-lapse video microscopy reveals that microtubule dynamics are altered. Localization of the mutant g-tubulin is like the wild-type protein. Prediction of g-tubulin structure indicates that non-a/b-tubulin protein–protein interactions could be affected. The kinesin-like protein (klp) Pkl1p localizes to the spindle poles and spindle and is essential for viability of the g-tubulin mutant and in multicopy for normal cell morphology at 30°C. Localization and function of Pkl1p in the mutant appear unaltered, consistent with a redundant function for this protein in wild type. Our data indicate a broader role for g-tubulin at spindle poles in regulating aspects of microtubule dynamics and organization. We propose that Pkl1p rescues an impaired function of g-tubulin that involves non-tubulin protein–protein interactions, presumably with a second motor, MAP, or MTOC component.


Alhamdulillah, by looking at the future of rapid and sophisticated development of information technology that does not rule out the possibility of every Indonesian society in general, the teachers and the management of Mizan Amanah in particular get updated information and knowledge, so as not to be outdated and to compete with the community abroad. The purpose of conducting PKM activities within the Mizan Amanah Foundation is to introduce ideas, inovation, and realization of the industrial revolution 4, provide an overview and experience in responding to the digital era, and to use it wisely. In this PKM (Community Service) activity, we use observation and direct interviews as research methods with the management to get information related to daily activities and activities at the Foundation, so that we can get to know the educational background, expertise, and professions of each of them each teacher and administrator. From this research, students are expected to be more open in their insights about information technology and its use, and to use it more wisely in everyday life. This is possible to be able to give positive hope to them in the future, so that they are ready to be able to welcome a better tomorrow.


Abstract When molecular oxygen reacts with raw Hevea rubber in latex at 90° C, two molecules of carbon dioxide and two molecules of "volatile acid" (one molecule of acetic acid and one molecule of formic acid) are produced for each apparent scission of the hydrocarbon chain, estimated from changes of solution viscosity. This corresponds to the complete destruction of one isoprene unit, and if the several hydrocarbon end groups are oxidized, requires a minimum of six molecules of oxygen per scission. Estimates of oxygen requirements for scission during the accelerated oxidation of vulcanized Hevea rubber much lower than this have been made. It has been suggested that the apparent high efficiency of scission in vulcanized rubber is the result of the predominance of scission at crosslinks over random cutting of the hydrocarbon chain. To investigate the less likely possibility that the mechanism of the reactions which leads to scission changes sharply with the rate of oxidation, the earlier estimates of yield...


Nattokinase was purified from liquid state culture by concentrated using saturation ammonium sulphate,Sepharose CM FF ion exchange and Superdex 75 gel filtration chromatographies.And the characterization of nattokinase was also studied in the paper.The results showed that the optimum temperature was 37℃,and temperature had great effect on enzyme stability.The optimum pH of NK was pH7.4 and it was stable in range of pH6~8.EDTA,pepstatin,aprotinine,PMSF inhibited the acticity of the enzyme,while SBTI、TPCK activated the enzyme,in addition,EDTA was found to be the best inhibitor for nattokinase.Mg~(2+)and Ca~(2+)could activte enzyme activity,Zn~(2+),Cu~(2+) and Al~(3+) could inhibate the activity.


Dioxin, 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), is an environmental contaminant that produces potent toxic effects in humans and animals. TCDD is carcinogenic at multiorgan sites and induces disorders of reproduction, development, and immunity. It has been considered that the effects of TCDD partly involve disruption of the endocrine system, since TCDD causes progressive endometriosis in the rhesus monkey, suppresses development of the male reproductive system and sexual dimorphism of the brain, and damages the ovaries. These effects suggest alteration of sex steroidogenesis in the target organs. To clarify the endocrine disruptive action of TCDD, many studies of its effects on estrogen-responsive cell lines have been conducted. This mini-review describes recent experiments conducted in the authors' laboratory and discusses our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of interaction between dioxin signaling and sex-steroid hormones, focusing on three issues: 1) influence of estrogen on TCDD-induced cytochrome P4501A1 (CYP1A1) protein in vivo; 2) influence of estrogen on TCDD-induced xenobiotic response element (XRE) transactivation in cultured cell systems; and 3) effect of hormone-receptor status on TCDD-induced XRE transactivation and its relation to the cell cycle.


Technological developments in the last 20 years have affected people's daily lives and caused many innovations. The internet and social media are among the most important developments, and these developments have led to an increase in the speed of news and people's rapid access to information on various topics. However, progress in technology has also affected terrorist organisations. This effect has changed the methods, strategies, and visions of terrorist organisations. With these new methods and strategies, terrorist organisations could negatively affect the psychology of the people who are not directly affected by global terrorism. The best example of this is Taiwan. In this study, I focus on the impact of hard and soft terrorism on the Taiwanese. In this direction, I use the mixed-method approach in this study. I analyse the 7th wave of the World Values Survey with the Ordinary Least Square (OLS) regression method. Qualitative face-to-face interviews with Taiwanese will support the quantitative results.


Thermoplastic cassava starch (TPS)/sisal fiber (SF) composites were prepared by the melting method. The effect of SF on the retrogradation kinetics, morphology and size of spherulites, molecular interactions, short-range molecular structure, and crystal type of TPS was investigated. The results indicate that the retrogradation degree and rate of TPS increase with the addition of SF, and the spherulites become clearer and denser. The neat TPS sample forms an A-type crystal through double helix structure and a V-type crystal through single helix structure. After the addition of SF, the A-type crystal of the TPS/SF composite decreases and the V-type crystal increases. With the further increase of SF content, the TPS/SF composite mainly presents the V-type crystal. The TPS/SF composite has higher crystallinity, but smaller crystal size and interplanar spacing. The storage modulus, loss modulus, and glass transition temperature (Tg) of TPS get enhanced with the addition of SF.


Excerpt Treatment of angina with nitroglycerin is more than 100 years old, but recent advances promise to revolutionize its use (1). With intravenous, long-acting transdermal and long-acting transm...


Cellulitis and erysipelas are types of skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs) that occur when bacteria, commonly group A beta-hemolytic Streptococcus and Staphylococcus, enter through breaks in the skin. Cellulitis infects the dermis and subcutaneous fat, while erysipelas is a more superficial variant, affecting the superficial dermal lymphatics and adjacent tissues. Untreated, these conditions may result in life-threatening conditions including sepsis, gangrene, or necrotizing fasciitis [1]. Due to the potential risks associated with these conditions, evidence-based research to inform up-to-date treatment guidelines is critical; Table 1 provides guidelines for reference.


Non-geometric S-waves are generated when a source is located at a distance less than the dominant wavelength from a plane interface. These waves are inhomogeneous P-waves converted to propagating S-waves. Therefore, their amplitude is exponentially decaying when the source is moved away from the interface. The non-geometric behaviour of these waves appears in their travel time which corresponds to the travel time of an S-wave excited at the interface by a shear-wave source. Because of their strong presence in shallow marine data, non-geometric PS waves have the potential to be useful in the determination of S-wave velocities in the subsurface. The existence of the non-geometric PS-wave is restricted to a specific range of rayparameters. This knowledge is used to separate the non-geometric PS-waves in the τ-p domain. They can be filtered from other arrivals to be further processed as pure shear wave reflections. The filtering method is explained using a synthetic data example and is subsequently applied to real data.


So far, production sequence determination of fault block oil reservoirs of a complex fault block oilfield still depends on the experience method which is a totally qualitative evaluation process. Therefore, a more effective and quantitative production sequence determination method is required. Through the hybrid of analytic hierarchy process method and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method, a production sequence optimization model is built and applied to the complex fault block oil reservoirs of AGD oilfield. With the optimization, overall rankings of fault block reservoirs are calculated and the production sequence of fault block reservoirs is obtained according to the overall rankings. The results show that fault block reservoir DI1 receives the highest overall ranking and should be put into production first. The results are verified by the actual production history of AGD oilfield.


Susceptibility of titanium alloys to hot-salt stress-corrosion cracking increased as follows: Ti-2Al-11Sn-5Zr-1Mo-0.2Si (679), Ti-6Al-2Sn-4Zr-2Mo (6242), Ti-6Al-4V (64), Ti-6Al-4V-3Co (643), Ti-8Al-1Mo-1V (811), and Ti-13V-11Cr-3Al (13-11-3). The Ti-5Al-6Sn-2Zr-1Mo-0.25Si (5621S) alloy was both the least and most susceptible, depending on heat treatment. Such rankings can be drastically altered by heat-to-heat variations and processing conditions. Residual compressive stresses reduce susceptibility to stress-corrosion. Detection of substantial concentrations of hydrogen in all corroded alloys confirmed the generality of a previously proposed hydrogen embrittlement mechanism.


Compound threads and jets consist of a core liquid surrounded by an annulus of a second immiscible liquid. Capillary forces derived from axisymmetric disturbances in the circumferential curvatures of the two interfaces destabilize cylindrical base states of compound threads and jets (with inner and outer radii R1 and aR1 respectively). The capillary instability causes breakup into drops; the presence of the annular phase allows both the annular- and core-phase properties to influence the drop size. Of technological interest is breakup where the core snaps first, and then the annulus. This results in compound drops. With jets, this pattern can form composite particles, or if the annular fluid is evaporatively removed, single drops whose size is modulated by both fluids. This paper is a study of the linear temporal instability of compound threads and jets to understand how annular fluid properties control drop size in jet breakup, and to determine conditions which favour compound drop formation. The temporal dispersion equation is solved numerically for non-dimensional annular thicknesses a of order one, and analytically for thin annuli (a – 1 = ε [Lt ] 1) by asymptotic expansion in ε. There are two temporally growing modes: a stretching mode, unstable for wavelengths greater than the undisturbed inner circumference 2πR1, in which the two interfaces grow in phase; and a squeezing mode, unstable for wavelengths greater than 2πaR1, which grows exactly out of phase. Growth rates are always real, indicating that in jetting configurations disturbances convect downstream with the base velocity. For order-one thicknesses, the growth rate of the stretching mode is higher for the entire range of system parameters examined. The drop size scales with the wavenumber of the maximally growing wave (kmax). We find that for the dominant stretching mode and a = 2, variations from 0.1 to 10 in the ratios of the annulus to core viscosity, or the tension of the outer surface to that of the inner interface, can result in changes in kmax by a factor of approximately 2. However, for these changes in the system ratios, the growth rate (smax) and the ratio of the amplitude of the outer to the inner interface (Amax) for the fastest growing wave only change marginally, with Amax near one. The system appears most sensitive to the ratio of the density of the annulus to the core fluid. For a variation between 0.1 and 10, kmax again changes by a factor of 2, but Amax and smax vary more significantly with large amplitude ratios for low density ratios. The amplitude ratio of the stretching mode at the maximally growing wave (Amax) indicates whether the film or core will break first. When this ratio is near one, linear theory predicts that the core breaks with the annulus intact, forming compound drops. Except for low values of the density ratio, our results indicate that most system conditions promote compound drop formation. For thin annuli, the growth rate disparity between modes becomes even greater. In the limit ε → 0, the squeezing growth rate is roughly proportional to ε2 while the stretching mode growth rate is roughly proportional to ε0 and asymptotes to a single jet with radius R1 and tension equal to the sum of the two tensions. Thus, in this limit the growth rate and kmax are independent of the film density and viscosity. The amplitude ratio of the stretching mode becomes equal to one for all wavenumbers; so thin films break as compound drops. Our results compare favourably with previously published measurements on unstable waves in compound jets.