Background: Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is an important pathogen in human infections which is implicated in a wide variety of infections, from mild skin infections to more serious and invasive infections. Methicillin resistant S. aureus (MRSA) is one of the major causes of nosocomial infection in hospital setting. Objectives: The study was aimed at determining the distribution of mecA gene among the S. aureus isolates from eight health institutions in Northwestern Nigeria. Methods: A total of 100 isolates of S. aureus were collected from various clinical specimens. Antibiotics susceptibility testing including methicillin sensitivity testing, beta lactamase testing and PCR for detection of mecA gene were carried out on all the 100 isolates of S. aureus. Results: More than half of the total number of isolates 57 (57.0%) were recovered from wound swabs and urine samples. While the remaining 43 (43.0%) were recovered from ear swabs, high vaginal swabs, urethral swabs blood culture, sputum and semen samples.Male preponderance and age range of 21-30 years were the most important demographic findings.All the 100 (100%) strains were MRSA using 10μg methicillin and 5μgoxacillin discs. PCR analysis showed that mecA gene was present only in 5 (5.0%) of the 100 S. aureus isolates tested. Furthermore, all the 100 isolates were β-lactamase producers. That there were strong associations between isolation site of specimens / nature of specimens (Χ 2 = 16.74; p < 0.05) All the isolates were susceptible to vancomycin. Vancomycin, fusidic acid, rifampicin and gentamicin were found to be the most effective drugs against the S. aureus isolates among the antibiotics used. Conclusion: The prevalence of mecA gene in S. aureus in Northwestern Nigeria is 5.0% and mecA gene detection is a good predictor of methicillin resistance in S. aureus in Nigeria, hence use as a method of detection of MRSA. On the basis of this finding; establishment of molecular diagnostic laboratory in secondary and tertiary health units is urgently required. Control of MRSA infection is essential, and it can be achieved by proper implementation of hospital control measures.


A scientific collaboration between MIT-Bates and the Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics (BINP) has produced a design for a magnetic insertion, aka "Siberian Snake", into the SHR lattice, which allows for spin control of 0.3 to 1.0 GeV polarized electron beams for planned internal and external target physics. This report describes the design, construction and testing at BINP and the final testing at MIT-Bates for the two superconducting solenoids, which make up part of the "Snake".


In this study,an intensive pond in which GIFT tilapia(Oreochromis niloticus) were cultured was used.And sampling were done in different areas of the pond system,including sediments of the pond,the waters 50 centimeters below the surface and the bare soil at the edge of the pond.After that,enrichment and elective cultures were prepared anaerobically on these samples in 30 centigrade by incubating glass-stoppered bottles with the medium for Thiobacillus denitrificans full filled.After the culture,by using the spread-plate method,three strains were got.Through the appearance of the colonies,the shape of the strains,the detection of physiological and biochemical indicators,and the analysis of the sequences of 16S rDNA,the strains was identified as Thiobacillus denitrificans,and they were named as TD1,TD2 and TD3.Through the studies on the characteristics of growth and reproduction,of the removing rates of the nitrate,of the production of the sulfate and nitrite,and of the change of the pH and redox potential in medium,the possibilities of being used in repairing of the aquaculture pond environment were determined to some extent.The results showed that:in most of the time of the experiment,the growth rates,the pH decreasing rates,and the redox potential increasing extent of the strains were all performed as TD1TD2TD3;and the trends of the nitrate removing rates and the increasing rates of the three strains were the same as above,however,the production of nitrite by the three strains showed different trends,which was TD1TD2TD3.To sum up,TD1 was more suitable for ex-situ bioremediation technology,while TD2 might be much better for in-situ bioremediation technology.


The low durability of concrete construction in the Middle East caused by corrosion of reinforcement, sulfate attack, environmental cracking, and aggregate-cement reactivity necessitates that mix design techniques be formulated to yield dense and impervious concrete with as little heat of hydration as possible; it should also have enhanced resistance to salt attack and possible cement-aggregate reactivity. These objectives present fly ash as a potentially useful admixture from the standpoint of improving the durability of concrete construction in the aggressive service environment of the Gulf seaboard. This investigation presents data on the strength, general quality, and durability performance of fly-ash portland-cement concrete against sulfate/chloride attack. The variables used for this study are fly ash additions as cement replacement from 0 to 40%, cement factors of 300, 360 and 450 kg/m3 (500, 600, and 750 lb/yd3) and tricalcium aluminate (C3A) phase ranging from 0 to 9.5%. Results show that 20% replacement by fly as shows the best performance in terms of rate of strength gain, ultimate strength, absorptive characteristics, and resistance to sulfate/chloride attack. The strength gain is superior in lean mixes, and the effect of fly ash addition on sulfate resistance of concrete is more pronounced for higher C3A cements. An increase in the cement factor without attendant changes in water/cement ratio does not necessarily provide better durability performance.


Judging from letters sent in by teachers, difficulty in getting reimbursed for medical fees is a problem existing in all localities in China. But what created this problem? And how does leadership at all levels look at the problem? I took an opportunity to visit Kaifeng County in Henan Province and asked relevant leaders and teachers to comment on the problem of medical assistance.


A case is described in which water intoxication with convulsions followed the administration of a concentrated Syntocinon infusion over a period of four days. Prevention, management and prognosis are discussed.


Objective Through the investigation and analysis of the use of essential drugs in our hospital,and provide the basis for the adjustment of the catalogue of drugs in our hospital,and promote rational drug use in the clinic.Methods To statistics and analysis the varieties,dosage form,specification and usage of essential drugs in 2012and2013 in our hospital.Results In 2012 and 2013the varieties,dosage form,specification number and using proportion of essential drugs in 2012 edition ofthe national essential drug list"were:164,176,185,15.09%;204,213,225,20.73%in our hospital.Conclusion Since 2012 edition of"the national essential drug list"implemented on the May 1,2013,the variety number of essential drugs increased higher than the proportion of dosage form,specification,the using proportion of essential drugs also increased,ratio of drug income to business income and outpatient,inpatient cost per capita decreased through adjusting the essential drug list,propagating,training and other measures in our hospital.


In a predictive study of qualified nursing staff in long-stay settings, 'burnout' variables, role ambiguity and perceived support from their superior were assessed. Absence through sickness and job turnover were then measured over the subsequent two years. Ambiguity about authority predicted frequency of short absences in the subsequent 12 months. Perceived lack of support and emotional exhaustion predicted the frequency of absences of more than four days, and more than seven days, respectively, in the subsequent 12 months. Feelings of depersonalization were correlated with departure from the job during the subsequent two years. Hypotheses are offered to draw together these particular findings, emphasizing the mediating role which feelings of 'professional depression' may play.


Recirculating tracer tests in fractured Cambrian dolomite beneath the Amargosa Desert revealed (1) and 83-percent increased in apparent dispersivity resulting from a two-percent increase in pore pressure; and (2) in lower-permeability fractures, a decrease in apparent relative retardation of bromide with respect to tritium of 19 percent from that in higher-permeability fractures. Investigators should carefully consider pore-pressure effects when planning and interpreting tracer/hydraulic tests. Rising water tables, due to possible future increases in precipitation and recharge, may increase pore pressure in fractured rocks enough to drastically increase dispersion; this point should be taken into account when modeling long-term solute transport in such systems.


Objective. The aim of the work is to assess the possibility of applying the theory of "gray systems" to build a methodology for predicting the number of identified vulnerabilities in conditions of uncertainty of influencing factors and lack of initial data, including a comparative analysis of the results of this prediction obtained using traditional and improved models of the theory of "gray systems", as well as machine learning models.Method. The paper describes a technique for constructing a "gray model" for predicting the number of identified vulnerabilities based on the theory of "gray systems". The initial data for forecasting is information obtained from the CVE (Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures) vulnerability database. In the course of the study, the results of forecasting obtained using the developed "gray model" and the linear regression model implemented on the basis of the scikit-learn library and the Python programming language are analyzed.Result. The use of a linear regression model and models based on the theory of "gray systems" to predict the number of identified vulnerabilities allows you to get close forecast values. According to data obtained from the CVE vulnerability database, information on 7,015 identified vulnerabilities was published for the 1st quarter of 2023. The forecast obtained on the basis of the traditional model of the theory of "gray systems" turned out to be the closest to the published value. It should be noted that the forecast of the "gray model" is based only on the values of the initial data and does not depend on the circumstances arising in the field of information security, which is a limitation in the use of the proposed methodology.Conclusion. The results of the study indicate the possibility of applying the theory of "gray systems" for short-term forecasting of the number of detected vulnerabilities. The application of the developed methodology makes it possible to carry out the specified forecasting with a limited number of initial data.


Some health services opt for oral rehydration therapy programs based on home-made salt/sugar solutions (SSS) without added potassium or alkali as these raw materials are either too expensive or unavailable in many areas. SSS solutions have the advantage of being cheap utilize materials found in most homes and can be easily prepared by a trained mother thereby providing early home therapy for a diarrhea-afflicted child. Community studies in India and Egypt have confirmed the effectiveness of these home remedies in reducing mortality from acute diarrheal disease when combined with intensive training programs for mothers and clinic backup. However while sucrose can be substituted for glucose and solutions without bicarbonate work the consequences of potassium exlusion are unexplored. The exclusion of potassium may lead to persisting hypokalaemia and subsequently to total body potassium depletion. In the only existing published trial comparing SSS to the World Health Organizations oral rehydration solution (ORS) contining potassium rehydration was successful and equally rapid in both treatment groups despite more vomiting in those receiving SSS. Although the WHO ORS remains the preferred treatment its expense makes worthwhile a search for alternative sources of potassium to use as a supplement to SSS.


Abstract— –Spectral properties of isoalloxazines in organic solvents of low polarity are determined at 300 and 77 K. Vibrational structure in the spectra reveals a vibrational mode of 1250cm‐. The pure electronic transition energies are established to a greater accuracy than was done previously and comparison to theoretical data is made. Actual lifetimes up to 10 ns for fluorescence and 300 ms for phosphorescence are found. The ratio of the actual fluorescence lifetime and the radiative lifetime is found to agree well with the quantum yield. Solvent interactions hardly shift the energy of the first electronically excited singlet state but merely affect the Franck‐Condon envelope of the spectrum and the non radiative decay of the chromophore. In albne solutions at 77 K isoalloxazine clusters are formed exhibiting P‐type delayed fluorescence.


SYNTHESIS 2005, No. 2, pp 0311–0329xx.xx.2004 Advanced online publication: 21.10.2004 DOI: 10.1055/s-2004-834879; Art ID: Z07804SS © Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart · New York Abstract: The palladium-catalyzed tandem cyclization–coupling reaction of conjugated enynes having a stabilizing carbon nucleophile with aryl iodides and vinyl halides or triflates produced stereodefined, functionalized fiveand six-membered 1,3-bis-exocyclic dienes in moderate to good yields. These stereodefined dienes proved to be versatile substrates for the preparation of various polycyclic products through subsequent Diels–Alder, intramolecular Friedel–Crafts or thermal electrocyclization reactions.


Few-shot segmentation targets to segment new classes with few annotated images provided. It is more challenging than traditional semantic segmentation tasks that segment known classes with abundant annotated images. In this paper, we propose a Prototype Refinement Network (PRNet) to attack the challenge of few-shot segmentation. It firstly learns to bidirectionally extract prototypes from both support and query images of the known classes. Furthermore, to extract representative prototypes of the new classes, we use adaptation and fusion for prototype refinement. The step of adaptation makes the model to learn new concepts which is directly implemented by retraining. Prototype fusion is firstly proposed which fuses support prototypes with query prototypes, incorporating the knowledge from both sides. It is effective in prototype refinement without importing extra learnable parameters. In this way, the prototypes become more discriminative in low-data regimes. Experiments on PASAL-$5^i$ and COCO-$20^i$ demonstrate the superiority of our method. Especially on COCO-$20^i$, PRNet significantly outperforms existing methods by a large margin of 13.1\% in 1-shot setting.


High-power 2.3 /spl mu/m In(Al)GaAsSb/GaSb type-I double quantum-well diode laser arrays have been fabricated and characterised. Linear laser arrays with 19 100 /spl mu/m-wide elements on a 1 cm-long bar generated 10 W in continuous-wave (CW) mode and 18.5 W in quasi-CW mode (30 /spl mu/s/300 Hz) at a heatsink temperature of 18/spl deg/C.


Connecting with the construction practice of Datong-Yuncheng Superhighway,this paper expounds the key techniques for treating the worked-out sections of the small coalpits with the grouting method and their technical features.


Creative potential must be developed in an appropriate way to improve self-quality, self-confidence for students with special needs to eliminate unfavorable assumptions from the surrounding environment which will have an impact on their mental development. The purpose of this community service is to provide experience for them so they can experience firsthand the process of developing creativity activities, know the benefits and get encouragement to be able to hone and develop their potential. Therefore, it is important to carry out creativity development activities to provide skills in the hope of making a positive contribution to their future in society. The creativity potential developed by Bina Harapan SLB students includes batik, cooking and making handicrafts.


The paper ventures to give an estimate of various indexes of consumption demand of the urban households in Hainan Province between 1997 and 1999, using E.Engles' coefficient, linear expenditure system and Paneldata model. It further proposes some tentative measures to improve the living standards of the urban households in the Province.


While, in general, interferometers provide high spatial resolution for imaging small-scale structure (corresponding to high spatial frequencies in the Fourier plane), single-dishes can be used to image the largest spatial scales (corresponding to the lowest spatial frequencies), including the total power (corresponding to zero spatial frequency). For many astrophysical studies, it is essential to bring `both worlds' together by combining information over a wide range of spatial frequencies. This article demonstrates the effects of missing short-spacings, and discusses two main issues: (a) how to provide missing short-spacings to interferometric data, and (b) how to combine short-spacing single-dish data with those from an interferometer.


Cymbidium tortisepalum(Fukuyama) is one of famous oriental orchids,which mainly distributes in the northwest of Yunnan,the southeast of Sichuan and Taiwan.This paper attempts to make a study on the species concerning the mode of reproduction,and to provide some basic data of genetic diversity for its effective conservation and sustainable development.The main results are as follows: pollination experiments showed that the fruit set is 1% in spontaneous autogamy,96% in artificial autogamy and 90% in artificial outcrossing;tortisepalum is self-compatible,but dependent mainly on pollinators in nature;the artificial outcrossing between Da Li and Fu Gong population resulted in 100% fruit set,but outcrossing between Bao Shan and Wei Xi population only induced respectively 73% and 77% fruit set.


MIVOQ-PTTS is a new TTS project whose goal is to offer innovative services suitable for creating and using personalized synthetic voices. Users can autonomously create their own synthetic voices by accessing a web interface and recording some sentences; the voice creation procedure do not require any other human intervention. In this work we will introduce MIVOQ-PTTS main ideas and we will illustrate the current state of development of its first web demonstrator.


TNF is a key inflammatory cytokine with antiviral properties. Human adenoviruses encode several intracellular proteins that mediate the effects of TNF. Expression of the adenovirus immediate early E1A proteins induces viral genes and a host of cellular genes, drives G0 cells into S‐phase, and induces apoptosis and susceptibility to TNF‐induced apoptosis. The adenovirus E1B‐19K protein inhibits both E1A‐ and TNF‐induced apoptosis. The E3‐14.7K protein and the E3‐10.4K/14.5K complex of proteins inhibit TNF‐ but not E1A‐induced apoptosis. The E3 14.7K and 10.4K/14.5K proteins inhibit TNF activation of cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2), which may explain how they inhibit TNF cytolysis. Since eicosinoids produced from arachidonic acid (the product of cPLA2) are potent mediators of inflammation, the E3 proteins may block the inflammatory response to adenovirus infection. These adenovirus proteins should be novel tools to understand adenovirus pathogenesis, TNF signal transduction, and TNF cytolysis.


Our "three characteristics of evidence "theory can't describe the function of evidence in the procedure. Evidence has subjectivity nature because judge valued evidence and choose it to make decision. Free proof system shows the action of subjectivity nature of evidence .we need revalue subjectivity nature of evidence and constrict our rule of evidence.


The mechanisms promoting scalar dissipation through scalar gradient production are scrutinised in terms of vorticity alignment with respect to strain principal axes. For that purpose, a stochastic Lagrangian model for the velocity gradient tensor and the scalar gradient vector is used. The model results show that the major part of scalar dissipation occurs for stretched vorticity, namely when the vorticity vector aligns with the extensional and intermediate strain eigenvectors. More specifically, it appears that the mean scalar dissipation is well represented by the sample defined by alignment with the extensional strain, while the most intense scalar dissipation is promoted by the set of events for which vorticity aligns with the intermediate strain. This difference is explained by rather subtle mechanisms involving the statistics of both the strain intensities and the scalar gradient alignment resulting from these special alignments of vorticity. The analysis, allowing for the local flow structure, conf...


Onshore and offshore paleoseismic evidence from 41 Cascadia earthquakes strongly suggest that segmentation plays a significant role in Cascadia, and may have multiple sources. Offshore turbidite records show a remarkable correspondence along strike in 14C ages, physical property correlations, and even details such as mass per event and number of coarse fraction units per event. The joint correlation of these parameters allows approximate delineation of paleo-rupture extent, limited mostly by the spatial distribution of cores. The onshore-offshore space-time diagram reveals that recurrence intervals and segment length decreases southward along the margin. Southern segments may be controlled by obvious structural boundaries such as the Blanco Fracture zone, and two subducting pseudo faults. Along the northern margin, where segmentation is not apparent, basement structure is masked by thicker incoming sediment supply from two large fan systems, supporting a primary control by sediment thickness on the subducting plate. We suspect, supported by paleoseismic data, that northern Cascadia and northern Sumatra may be prone to large ruptures by similar mechanisms. One segment boundary in Cascadia appears not to be related to sediment supply, but may linked to a narrowing of the locked interface in map view. The Cascadia forearc is composed of an Eocene-Pliocene accretionary complex, outboard of which lies a Pleistocene-Holocene wedge of low taper, mixed vergence, and high pore fluid pressure. The young wedge is widest off Washington and northernmost Oregon, tapering both north and south. Mixed vergence, open folds, mud volcanoes and backstop parallel trends indicate poor coupling of the young wedge that is easily mapped from surface data. The long-term average downdip limit of significant coupling appears to be consistent with thermal, geodetic, AGU Abstract Browser http://abstractsearch.agu.org/meetings/2011/FM/sections/T/sessions/T44... 1 of 3 4/1/2014 11:40 AM and structural evidence of a transition from arc normal to arc parallel contraction. An average boundary consistent with these disparate data suggest significant heterogeneity in along-strike width and or magnitude of coupling. A seaward swing of the downdip locked zone, combined with a landward position of the updip limit may create a "pinchout" in central Oregon, where we observe a paleoseismic segment boundary. The 10ka paleoseismic record includes evidence of temporal variability as well. Temporal clustering, and the presence of several outsized events is apparent. When we compare the mass of correlated turbidite deposits along strike, we find a surprisingly strong correspondence between disparate sites, enough to conclude that earthquake magnitude and turbidite mass are crudely related for many Cascadia events. The two outsized events, dated at ~ 5960 and 8810 yrs. BP, consistently have two to five times the average turbidite mass for Holocene events at many sites, a relation not related to sediment supply. Plotting the long term energy balance based on mass per event reveals a robust pattern including long term increases and declines in stored "energy state" or "supercycles". If Cascadia is representative of other plate boundary faults, this suggests that recurrence models may be neither time nor slip predictable and cannot be based on short instrumental records. Cite as: Author(s) (2011), Title, Abstract T44C-08 presented at 2011 Fall Meeting, AGU, San Francisco, Calif., 5-9 Dec. 2013. American Geophysical Union | All Rights Reserved | Created by Eric Rozell and Tom Narock | AGU Abstract Browser http://abstractsearch.agu.org/meetings/2011/FM/sections/T/sessions/T44... 2 of 3 4/1/2014 11:40 AM Powered by LODSPeaKr AGU Abstract Browser http://abstractsearch.agu.org/meetings/2011/FM/sections/T/sessions/T44... 3 of 3 4/1/2014 11:40 AM


This paper presents a Hybrid Genetic Algorithm(GA) and Simulated Annealing (SA) method (GA-SA) for solving short-term thermal generating Unit Commitment (UC) problems. The UC problem involves determining the start-up and shutdown schedules for generating units to meet the forecasted demand at the minimum cost. The commitment schedule must satisfy other constraints such as the generating limits per unit, reserve and individual units.


The crystal and molecular structures of copper(II) hydrogen maleate tetrahydrate and copper(II) maleate hydrate have been determined by three-dimensional X-ray methods. In copper(II) hydrogen maleate (monoclinic, a= 3·594, b= 18·79, c= 9·69 A, γ= 93·25°, space group l2/m, diffractometer data, R= 0·039) the copper atoms are co-ordinated only by water molecules to form [Cu(H2O)4]n2n+ chain cations which are hydrogen bonded to the planar hydrogen maleate anions. In the hydrogen maleate anion the intra-molecular hydrogen bond is 2·409 A. The copper co-ordination octahedron is distorted, Cu–OH2(bridging) 1·959 and 2·682 A, and Cu–OH2(non-bridging) 1·933 A. In copper maleate tetrahydrate (monoclinic, twinned, a= 8·78, b= 7·88, c= 5·35, γ= 125·1°, P21, photographic data, R= 0·096) the copper atom is in a five-co-ordinate square-pyramidal environment. The ligands are a water molecule, Cu–OH2, 2·26 A, a chelating maleate group forming a seven-membered chelate ring, and two oxygen atoms of two other maleate groups. In the basal plane the average copper–oxygen bond length is 1·99 A. Each maleate group is bound to three copper atoms to form a polymeric sheet. The sheets are joined by hydrogen bonding.


The effect of CO2 on the nonisothermal crystallization of isotactic polypropylene (iPP) was studied with high-pressure differential scanning calorimetry at cooling rates of 0.2–5 °C/min. CO2 significantly delayed the melt crystallization of iPP, and both the crystallization temperature and the heat of crystallization decreased with increasing CO2 pressure. The crystallization rate of iPP, as characterized by the half-time, was also prolonged by the presence of CO2. With a modified Ozawa model developed by Seo, the Avrami crystallization exponent n of iPP was calculated. This value was depressed by the addition of CO2 and was strongly dependent on the CO2 pressure at low cooling rates. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 41: 1518–1525, 2003


In this paper the influence of polarity and polysilicon gate doping type on time-to- breakdown (t<inf>BD</inf>) and charge-to-breakdown (Q<inf>BD</inf>) is investigated. The anode hole injection model is used in order to describe the field dependence of t<inf>BD</inf> and Q<inf>BD</inf>. For n-type gate (positive and negative gate voltage) and p-type gate at positive gate voltage no significant difference is found: t<inf>BD</inf> and Q<inf>BD</inf> data can be well explained with the same model parameters. In the case of p-type gate with negative polarity ( gate injection) a significant difference is observed: at the same oxide field t<inf>BD</inf> is larger while Q<inf>BD</inf> is lower. The larger t<inf>BD</inf> is explained by the occurrence of valence band injection from the p-type gate. One possible reason for the lower Q<inf>BD</inf> is believed to be the higher hole generation coefficient for valence band injection.


a dynamic threshold is a method of determining a "normal" range of behavior for a performance metric it tracks. Through its "behavior analytics," it learns what the threshold should be based on an assessment over time.


Distal radius fractures are commonly encountered in orthopedic practice especially in elderly patients. A number of clinical papers have supported the idea that anatomic restoration of the distal end of the radius is essential to gain superior results. The aim of the study is to systematically review the literature for management of distal end radius in elderly persons (conservative treatment versus percutaneous wire fixation) as regards radiological and functional outcomes.Studies were identified from the Medline, Cochrane, EMBASE, and Google Scholar databases were searched until, 2019 using combinations of the following search terms: distal radius fracture, conservative treatment, non-operative treatment, and nonsurgical treatment, surgical treatment, operative, elderly, and older. Reference lists of relevant studies were manually searched.There was no statistical significance difference between CI and PKF groups' frequency of complication in all of the selected studies. Based on results we recommend for more analysis regarding every parameter of the radiographic and functional results and specific complication related to each fixation need to be accomplished, which requires more RCTs with high quality.Surgical treatment seems to be more effective distal radius fracture compared with conservative treatment when the radiographic outcomes were analyzed, and no significant differences were detected in the functional outcomes and complication rate.


Several measures of immunologic responses of a group of patients with psoriasis were compared to those of a group of control subjects. These included the delayed hypersensitivity reaction to eight intradermally injected antigens, the local inflammatory response as measured by the human skin-window technique, the titers of isohemagglutinins, the titers of Candida agglutinins, and the intensity of the precipitin lines of γ 2 -, γ 1A -, and γ 1M -globulins in immunoelectrophoresis. No significant differences were observed between the two groups.


) para cada espacamento proposto. No espacamento mais adensado (6,5×2,0 m), as plantas apresentaram menor volume de copa; em contrapartida, maior produtividade da laranjeira Folha Murcha foi observada nesse tratamento. Houve queda de producao nos anos mais avancados de cultivo, independentemente da densidade de plantio. O espacamento 6,5×2,0 acarreta alta produtividade para laranjeira Folha Murcha, tornando a tecnica do adensamento apta a adocao pelo citricultor. Palavras-chave: Citrus sinensis, Citrus limonia, densidade de plantio, sistema de producao, produtividade. Yield of Folha Murcha sweet orange grafted on Rangpur lime under high density planting Abstract The Brazilian citrus production comes through changes in technological standard, specially the high density of plantations. Within this context, was implemented in 1982, the experiment for evaluation of five plant spacings (2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0 and 6.0 meters) to Folha Murcha sweet orange grafted on Rangpur. The test was conducted without irrigation, settling the line spacing of 6.5 meters. Complementing the data obtained in the years of deployment and stabilization of the orchard (1982 to 1993), are presented and discussed in this paper results of assessments carried between the 12 th and 22 nd years of cultivation (1994-2004). It was calculated canopy volume from the data of height and diameter of the plants in 1995. In addition, evaluated the production of fruits per plant and yield (t ha -1 ) for each spacing proposed. In the high density (6.5×2.0 m) the plants had lower canopy volume, on the other hand increased yield of the Folha Murcha sweet orange was observed in this treatment. There was production fall, in the final years of cultivation, regardless of plant density. The 6,5×2,0 m spacing leads to high productivity of Folha Murcha sweet Orange, making high density an apt technique to the adoption by the citrus producer.


Treatment of cancer is currently based on three main modalities: surgery, radiothera‐ py and chemotherapy. Most solid tumours can only be cured at an early stage, due to the lack of effective systemic treatment. Surgery and radiotherapy are highly effective for eradicating localized tumours, but unfortunately cannot target disseminated dis‐ ease. Chemotherapy represents systemic treatment, but the clinical use of current drugs is to a large extent hampered by their limited specificity. Over the last two decades, immunotherapy has emerged as an interesting novel approach. Contrary to the traditional treatment modalities, the immune system combines inherent specificity with a systemic range of action. The term "vaccine" is traditionally used to describe substances that protect against the development of infectious diseases. In cancer therapy, this term refers to both therapeutic and prophylactic approaches for eliciting immunological and anti-tumour responses. Prophylactic vaccines have only been developed in a few cancer forms, mainly cancers related to viral infection, such as cervical and hepatocellular carcinoma. Therapeutic vaccines, given to patients after the development of the disease, are however investigated in a number of cancer forms. Some of the therapeutic vaccines may also be used for prophylaxis, particularly in patients with increased risk of cancer process. This paper throws light and depicts the international experience of a number of distinguished researchers in the field of development and testing of vaccines against some tumours, mainly malignant melanoma and prostate cancer.


Reducing building material costs by identifying sustainable and green construction materials is desirable for economic reasons and environmental responsibility. This study examines ways to enhance strength of foamed concrete by adding wood ash (WA) and silica fume (SF). The effect of different percentage combinations is investigated, to understand the effect on the flexural and splitting tensile strengths. The supplementary binders replace a percentage by weight of the cement and are blended with foamed concrete. The WA–SF mixes at 5%–15%, 10%–10%, and 15%–5%, were compared to standard foamed concrete. The microstructures show evidence of novel densification and there was an improvement in the flexural and tensile strengths. The 5% WA–15% SF mix has the most significant effect on the foamed concrete compared to the control. The binder matrix also prolonged the setting time of the cement paste.


SUMMARY: The 50 patients in this survey were classified by a panel of neurologists into 4 clinical sub-groups: Group la ("typical" Friedreich's ataxia, complete picture), Group lb ("typical" Friedreich's ataxia, incomplete picture), Group Ila ("atypical" Friedreich's ataxia, possible recessive Roussy-Levy syndrome), Group lib (heterogeneous ataxias). The clinical symptoms and signs were analyzed for each of these groups. A constellation of signs constantly present in Friedreich's ataxia and obligatory for diagnosis was described. Other important symptoms, such as the Babinski sign, kyphoscoliosis and pes cavus were found to be progressive, but not essential for the diagnosis at any given time. Finally, a host of other symptoms can only be called accessory. The progression of scoliosis was found to be an important tool in the differential diagnosis of ataxias. Our study also indicates, in contrast to the opinion of some authors, that absent deep tendon reflexes in the lower limbs and early dysarthria are essential in "typical" Friedreich's ataxia.


Abstract : As the United States Navy considers operation closer to shore, it must account for the impact of shallow water ocean environments on the performance of active sonar. Multi-path propagation and high ambient noise in these areas pose a unique detection challenge for current sonar systems. A possible solution for this problem involves the use of processing that is actually enhanced by multi-path propagation, and can perform in the presence of in-band noise. Time-Reverse Acoustics (TRA) has been used with many transducer elements to focus acoustic energy in a very small region. Used as a single element active sonar, it can focus the return of an active pulse at the receiver location. To test the performance of a TRA-based sonar in the presence of noise, ultrasonic signals were used in a laboratory waveguide, so that the scale of wavelength to water depth approximates a shallow channel with a flat, lossy bottom. Several sequences of a traditional sinusoidal pulse and the time-reversed reception were performed with varying noise levels. The gain in detection signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) was on average +7.3+0.8dB using TRA. Further, the TRA processing provided a noticeable detection when noise had completely obscured the reception of the initial pulse.


This document describes a mechanism named "CCNinfo" that discovers
information about the network topology and in-network cache in
Content-Centric Networks (CCN). CCNinfo investigates: 1) the CCN
routing path information per name prefix, 2) the Round-Trip Time (RTT)
between the content forwarder and consumer, and 3) the states of in-
network cache per name prefix.


We study the spin-wave dispersion of localized spins in a disordered double-exchange model using the perturbation theory with respect to the strength of the disorder potential. We calculate the dispersion up to the next-leading order, and extensively examine the case of one dimension. We show that in that case, disorder yields anomalous gap-like behavior at the Fermi wave number of the conduction electrons.


Objective To discuss the clinical applying of Fat Saturation in the bone contusion of knee joint.Methods The materials of 177cases with knee contusion were analyzed retrospectively.Compare the images of T1WI T2WI PDWI and which with fat saturation,and analyze the superiority of Fat Saturation.Results Of all the 177cases,21 cases(11.86%) were discovered in T1WI,98 cases(55.36%) were discovered in T2WI,117 cases(66.10%) were discovered in T1WI 177 cases(100%)were discovered in which with Fat Saturation.Conclusion Fat Saturation has higher sensitivity in the diagnosis of Bone Contusion,especially in the Knee Join trauma.


On the basis of Umansky box-girder torsion theory, the software of ANSYS is applied to simulate related engineering model. In considering a variety of live load conditions, the lateral stability of multi-span single-pier variable cross-section box-girder under torsion eccentric load is analyzed. Analysis results reveal that under different working conditions, the factors affecting the transverse stability of the bridge and the proportion of the value on each, such as gravity, the span ratio and the distance between support are different; When the overload ratio is 2 times larger, the bridge stability safety coefficient decreases along the curve and changes rapidly. In the future design of this kind of bridge, the overall lateral stability should be paid much more attention. Some methods and suggestions about how to prevent the emergence of security and stability problems are put forward in the end.


On January 19, 2016, General Electric Company (GE) submitted a Statement ofPosition (SOP) initiating the formal dispute process under the October 27, 2000 Consent Decree (CD) regarding cleanup of the Housatonic River in Massachusetts and Connecticut. On February 29, 2016, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) responded by submitting its SOP. On March 15, 2016, GE submitted its Reply to EPA's SOP. In accordance with the CD, I have been designated as the official responsible for resolving this formal dispute.1 This Final Administrative Decision represents my final decision regarding this matter. Pursuant to Paragraphs 136 and 141 of the CD, I have given the Commonwealth ofMassachusetts and the State ofConnecticut a reasonable opportunity to review and comment on this decision. I have considered their comments and incorporated such changes to the draft final decision that I deemed appropriate.


This paper presents stability analysis of bilateral control for nonlinear single-link flexible master-slave arms with constant time delay. The considered system consists of a rigid master-arm and a single-link flexible slave-arm which are connected over the communication network with constant time delay. In our previous work, the flexible arm is modeled as a linear system. In this paper, the mathematical model of the flexible arm is described by a nonlinear dynamics. The PDS (proportional, derivative and strain feedback) based control law for our nonlinear flexible master-slave arm is employed. The stability of the proposed system is shown via the Lyapunov stability theorem. The performance of our bilateral control is demonstrated by several numerical results.


INTRODUCTION T HIS ARTICLE is a critical exposition of The Concept of Law,' a book by H. L. A. Hart, Professor of Jurisprudence at the University of Oxford. Published in 1961, The Concept of Law is surely the most important book in the field of analytical jurisprudence to appear for many years. In this book, Professor Hart for the first time attempts to state his views on many of the traditional problems of legal philosophy in a comprehensive and systematic way. In preparing this article, I have drawn on writings of Professor Hart that antedate publication of The Concept of Law,2 and have also drawn


epithelial cells and found in the mucosal solution, mucosal tissue and serosal solution; 3-5% appeared as CO2. The overall recovery was 94-99% of the glucose absorbed. Half of the CO2, all of the lactate and all mucosal tissue glucose originated in glucose absorbed from the mucosal solution. The apparent specific radioactivity of glucose entering the serosal solution was 1.37-fold greater than that predicted; a model is proposed to account for these results (Porteous & Pritchard, 1972b). The minimum free energy required to sustain observed transintestinal glucose and lactate concentration gradients is not more than 1 % ofthe energy available from concomitant glucose catabolism. No obligatory coupling between this energy source and these solute concentration gradients is implied. The lactate dehydrogenase activity of mucosa is 300-fold greater than the pyruvate dehydrogenase activity. Mucosal lactate dehydrogenase exhibits an isoenzyme pattern like that of skeletal muscle, unlike that of heart. We postulate that the preponderance of lactate dehydrogenase over pyruvate dehydrogenase, and the regulatory responses of a 'muscle-type' lactate dehydrogenase, together ensure the high rate of lactate production by intestine, despite the high 02 concentration required to sustain concomitant glucose transport.


Population pressure is an important factor in the development of mountainous areas.In order to assess the population pressure of mountainous areas,a new population pressure assessment model was proposed in this paper.It consisted of three components,i.e.,urban population pressure index,agricultural population pressure index and natural population growth rate.Taking Liangshan Yizu Autonomous Prefecture of Sichuan Province of China as the study area,the urban population pressure index,agricultural population pressure index and population pressure index were computed by the model.We had three main conclusions.1) The mean value of population pressure index of the study area is 4.95,which is at a"normal"level of population pressure.The"small" level,"smaller"level,"normal"level,"large"level and"very large"level respectively account for 23.53%,11.76%,29.41%,29.41% and 5.88% of the total study area,respectively.2) Topography is an important factor of population pressure of the study area,with the population pressure being higher in the eastern and northeastern parts,and the population pressure lower in the valley of Anning River,the south of the study area and the Yanyuan basin.3) The population pressure index is related with the incidence of poverty and the ecological frangibility,so the result also proves that the high population pressure and ecological frangibility are important factors leading to the poverty in the mountainous areas.


In this paper, we study the existence of positive solutions of ∞-point boundary value problems of nonlinear second-order differential equations by constructing a special set and utilising fixed point theory. We improved and generalised the result of related paper.


This paper presents an underwater acoustic communication channel model to reveal the influence of rough bottom reflection and scattering on the channel. We analyze experimental data from two channel measurement campaigns, and concentrate on the channel properties such as the spread-Doppler function, the time coherence function and the spatial coherence function to study the variations induced by medium inhomogeneity and random scattering of the rough bottom. It is found that the time-varying channel impulse response can be explained by using forward scattering theory under downward refracting sound velocity and mountain seabed condition, and the experimental results show good match to our model.


Here, we report the complete genome sequence of a Hafnia paralvei strain isolated from a lake in Switzerland in 2020. The genome consists of a 4.7-Mbp chromosome, a large plasmid (213 kb) harboring mcr-9, and a small plasmid (6 kb). ABSTRACT Here, we report the complete genome sequence of a Hafnia paralvei strain isolated from a lake in Switzerland in 2020. The genome consists of a 4.7-Mbp chromosome, a large plasmid (213 kb) harboring mcr-9, and a small plasmid (6 kb).


Aquaculture in rivers and other public water bodies raises issues of access and property rights. Over the past few years an industry has developed around the rearing of hybrid red and Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus L.) in cages in the Ping River in northern Thailand. In this article we report on a study of how households gain access to river cage sites to farm fish. The findings are based on a case-control study of 400 households, half of which had a history of fish farming and half which did not. Additional information was gathered from qualitative in-depth interviews with 93 stakeholders. Households with good access to farming sites, financial capital, and social networks are more likely to farm fish. Proximity to the river front was a very important factor and operated at a micro-level within villages with river borders. Land and vehicle assets were also associated with fish farming—more so than monthly income levels—probably because they reflect access to credit. Social capital measured as belonging to various kinds of groups was also associated with fish farming, but may have been in part an outcome rather than a pre-requisite. Many fish farmers start through encouragement and invitations by firms or the fisheries department. Sites for cage aquaculture in rivers have characteristics somewhere between a private and a club good: those who don't live near the river are usually excluded, but rivalry for sites among those who live close becomes an issue with congestion of farms arising from expansion in number of cages or other factors that reduce availability of suitable rearing sites like variability in climate, water flows, water quality, and government regulations.


This is the first collection in English in a single volume of the substance of the founding documents of the Society of Jesus, which also constitute the central sources for the Ignatian tradition in spirituality. Included are: The Autobiography, as recorded from oral narration by Luis Goncalves de Camara; the Spiritual Exercises; extensive translations of passages from all ten parts of the Constitutions; the Spiritual Diary (together with a brief "Deliberation on Poverty" written at the same time), which is a unique record of the truly mystical decisional process in which Ignatius engaged while writing the section of the Constitutions which deal with poverty; and ten out of the several thousand letters and instructions authored by the saint. The editor, with the help of three Jesuit collaborators and a preface by John Padberg, S.J., provides introductions to each document that are both succinct and rich in useful information. In addition there are more than a hundred pages of notes on the several works containing information, analyses, and references to source. The forty-five pages of notes on the Spiritual Exercises are especially valuable, and include enlightening comments on such key words as sentir and mociones. More importantly, Ganss offers his own new translation of the Spiritual Exercises, based on a thorough acquaintance with the original Spanish Autograph and the two Latin versions authored or used by Ignatius. Ganss intends his translation to be one that is not strictly literal nor even "formally equivalent" but "functionally equivalent." He has done his best to use inclusive language, and "her or she" occurrences are frequent. But there is little he could do about nn. 325-26, whi-^ speak of the enemy as using, respectively, the tactics of a woman quarreling with a man, and of a false lover out to seduce someone's wife or daughter. In selecting from the Constitutions the editor was able to rely on his previous complete translation with its introduction and notes. Though the selections here are chiefly spiritual in nature, his attachment to Ignatius as educator has perhaps led him to give disproportionate space in both translation and commentary to Part Four, which deals with the studies of Jesuits, and forms the basis of the educational theory and practice for which Jesuits may be best known. Such a choice, regrettably, involves the omission of some passages dealing with the spiritual formation of Jesuits, for example the discipline of the six experimenta in Part Three. Overall, the collection is a remarkable piece of scholarly work, the more remarkable for the fact that the editor has passed the midpoint of the ninth decade of a prolific life. Together with many other volumes in the Paulist series, this one belongs in every theological reference library. Undergraduate and graduate students of Christian spirituality, especially those not versed in Spanish and Latin, will require it as a tool, and professors and scholars will find in it a valuable resource.


The study of enterogastric bile reflux has been restricted for want of a simple non-invasive test for its detection and quantification. This paper describes a test that has been used to examine bile reflux in patients with various disorders. The test incorporated a 'meal provocation' for which milk was chosen because it causes gallbladder contraction and because bile was noted to float upon milk. Fasted patients were given an intravenous injection of the biliary radiopharmaceutical "Tcm EHIDA (2 mCi). After a half-hour wait, control upper abdominal scans were obtained using an Ohio Nuclear Series Gamma camera. Patients then drank 300ml of fresh milk, and scans were re ated at 5-min intervals for I h. Patients were scanned s t a n E g and sat between scans. Enterogastric reflux of more than 5 per cent of the total initial activity was readily identifiable since gastric activity accumulated in an area corresponding to the fundus of the stomach. This area Was mapped and counts therein plotted as a percentage of total initial counts against time, gving time-versus-activity curves for analysis. The results obtained from the first 35 studies are summarized.


Abstract Indexed X-ray diffraction powder data for three homologous amphiphiles, sodium octyl sulfate (SOS), CH3[CH2]7 OSO3Na, sodium decyl sulfate, CH3[CH2]9OSO3Na (SDS), and sodium dodecyl sulfate CH3[CH2]11OSO3Na (SLS), are reported. Probable space groups for the three compounds are monoclinic P2[3], Pm[6], or P2/m[10]. Refined cell parameters were determined from powder data obtained with a Guinier Camera. Powder data are compared to existing patterns, PDF 4-10 (SOS) and 4-6 (SLS).


This study examines and tracks the extent of selling and sales management research from 1993–1997. Two hundred and sixty- six published journal articles representing sixteen journals are examined to identify where and when selling and sales management researchers received their doctoral training, their employment location at time of publication, regional trends in the location of these researchers, and a count by-journal of selling and sales management articles that have appeared during the time period. A total of 280 individual authors from 175 different colleges and universities are included in the study. Overall, the general trends for scholarly activity in selling and sales management appear to be robust when compared to prior studies of sales research productivity.


DETAILED METEROROLOGICAL INFORMATION IS NEEDED FOR OPTIMIZATION OF THE DESIGN OF THE STABILITY AND CONTROL FEATURES OF V/STOL AIRCRAFT AND A NUMBER OF OTHER FACTORS, INCLUDING THE LOCATION OF A V/STOL PORT, AND A TECHNIQUE OF FORECASTING THE METEOROLOGICAL PARAMETERS SIGNIFICANT TO V/STOL PORT OPERATIONS. THESE OBJECTIVES ARE EXPECTED TO BE ACHIEVED THROUGH A PROGRAM DESIGNED TO DETERMINE THE TYPE OF METEOROLOGICAL INFORMATION REQUIRED. APPROACHES FOR OBTAINING THE REQUIRED DATA ARE ALSO CONSIDERED. /IAA/


BS>A linear pinch device for studies on low temperature plasma physics is described. The capacity of the bank is 150 mu f, the maximal voltage 12 000 v, and the self induction of the whole system 0.12 mu h. Three different detectors are employed: a resistance divider ior voltage measuring a toroidal coil for current detection, and a magnetic probe for studying the radial distribution of magnetic fields. All signals are detected by cathode rays oscillographs and are photographically recorded. Some results are given that prove the possibilities of the device. (auth)


Because of cluster enterprises' short distance,fast innovation diffusion and strong innovation externality,the phenomenon of non-innovation enterprises hitchhiking is serious,namely there is outstanding innovation failure phenomenon.Instead of indulging innovation failure we should set a mechanism to achieve both governing innovation failure and improving innovation efficiency by benefits compensation.Considering that technical competence of enterprise cluster shows a unbalanced distribution and technology spillover characterizes unidirectionality.This paper introduces two variables: spillover effect and innovation efficiency,establishes a Steinberg Game Model between innovation enterprise and imitating enterprise,analyzes the economic root-cause of innovation failure,also describes the process that technical overflow and innovation ability affect innovation failure,then puts forward several ways of governing innovation failure based on the knowledge sharing mechanism,and then gives some suggestions for setting the mechanism at last.


Scalp electrical potentials (event related potentials – ERPs) were measured in right-handed hearing participants making a speeded choice to two types of facial image: images of speech ("oo or ee?") and images of expression ("happy or sad?"). Differential activity over different regions was found for the two tasks. While the early potential, P 1, was distributed similarly for the two tasks, the peak of the facespecific N 170 wave-form showed task sensitivity. N 170 showed greater left hemisphere (LH) localization for the speech task, while localization was more bilateral, or to the RH, for expression classification. The precise pattern depended on whether a full-face (Experiment 1) or a half-face (Experiment 2 ) was seen but was similar for both. N 170 has not previously been shown to be sensitive to a task-specific component.


The shape and size estimation done without separating the touching and overlapping seeds lead to inaccurate values of size and shape. The watershed segmentation and morphological processing suffers from problems like over segmentation and large processing times respectively. An algorithm based on concavities is developed and tested for segmentation of occluded paddy grains. The first step distinguished each seed in a binary image of a grain sample as either an isolated seed or a group of occluded seeds by using the shape properties. The next few steps separated individual seeds in binary images of occluded kernels. Split lines were drawn by the algorithm through the split points which were determined by evaluating the concavity of the corner points detected along the boundary, and selecting those points at which the concavity is highest. This approach is compared with morphological operations and watershed segmentation and the obtained results show that this method is effective in separating the touching seeds. And also after the separation the shape features extracted do not differ a lot from the actual shape features.


In this paper we prove the following theorem. If the Rkcatti equation w' + w 2 = R(2), R G Q(m), has algebraic solutions then one can find a minimal polynomial defining such solutions whose coefficients are in a quadratic extension of the field Q.


This paper presents a multi-feature fusion system for the DCASE 2019 Task5 Urban Sound Tagging(UST). It focus on predicting whether each of 23 sources of noise pollution is present or absent in a 10-second scene [1]. There are coarse-level and fine -level taxonomies to train model. We mainly focus on coarse-level and use best coarse-level model architecture to train fine-level model. Various features are extracted from original urban sound and Convolutional Neural Networks(CNNs) are applied in this system. Log-Mel, harmonic, short time Fourier transform (STFT) and Mel Frequency Cepstral Coefficents (MFCC) spectrograms are fed into a 5-layer or 9-layer CNN, and a type of gated activation [2] is also used in CNN. Different feature is adapted for different urban sound classification according to the results of our experiment. We get at least 0.14 macro-auprc score improvement compared to baseline system on coarse-level. Finally, we make a fusion of some models and evaluate on evaluation dataset.


This paper presents LinkedVis, an interactive visual recommender system that combines social and semantic knowledge to produce career recommendations based on the LinkedIn API. A collaborative (social) approach is employed to identify professionals with similar career paths and produce personalized recommendations of both companies and roles. To unify semantically identical but lexically distinct entities and arrive at better user models, we employ lightweight natural language processing and entity resolution using semantic information from a variety of end-points on the web. Elements from the underlying recommendation algorithm are exposed through an interactive interface that allows users to manipulate different aspects of the algorithm and the data it operates on, allowing users to explore a variety of "what-if" scenarios around their current profile. We evaluate LinkedVis through leave-one-out accuracy and diversity experiments on a data corpus collected from 47 users and their LinkedIn connections, as well as through a supervised study of 27 users exploring their own profile and recommendations interactively. Results show that our approach outperforms a benchmark recommendation algorithm without semantic resolution in terms of accuracy and diversity, and that the ability to tweak recommendations interactively by adjusting profile item and social connection weights further improves predictive accuracy. Questionnaires on the user experience with the explanatory and interactive aspects of the application reveal very high user acceptance and satisfaction.


Corner detection was applied in optical flow calculation,motion estimation,shape analysis,camera calibration and 3D reconstruction,visual positioning and measuring etc.The article described the Harris corner detection algorithm.All the corners in black white checkerboard are detected by using Harris algorithm under the OpenCV algorithm environment.The experimental results can be used for camera calibration,which has a certain practical value.


Background: Cisplatin an old chemotherapeutic agent used to treat various types of cancers, including sarcomas, some carcinomas e.g. small cell lung cancer and ovarian cancer, lymphomas and germ cell tumors etc. Most important toxicity of cisplatin is nephrotoxicity produced by cisplatin itself and its few metabolites, which are some time fatal. Objectives: Present study was to determined the comparative study and the level of toxicities of cisplatin and their metabolires by using Brine Shrimp Lethality Bioassay. Methods: In this study, cisplatin and its four possible metabolites (CM2 to CM5) were isolated from the 24 hours collected urines of 5 cisplatin treated cancer patients using conventional chromatographic techniques as well as HPLC, were placed to comparative cytotoxic study using brine shrimp lethality bioassay. Results: Comparative to cisplatin, its metabolites are more toxic, specially CM2 (Meta 2, LC50=1.2?gm/ml) and CM3 (LC50=1.08 ?gm/ml), CM4 (Meta 4, LC50=1.182?gm/ml) which is correlate to the previous study (p<0.01*). Conclusion: Cisplatin can form monohydrated complexes by hydrolytic reactions. The monohydrated complex is more toxic to the renal cells than cisplatin but it is not kidney specific. KYAMC Journal Vol. 8, No.-1, Jul 2017, Page 15-20


PURPOSE: A formation method of a silicon germanium gate poly is provided to prevent a boron depletion and operational problems by quickly implanting lots of germanium on a gate polysilicon layer and by reliably controlling the density of the implanted germanium. CONSTITUTION: A gate insulating layer(11) is formed on a substrate(10). Then, a polysilicon layer(23) is formed on the gate insulating layer(11). After forming a plasma having a germanium in a processing chamber, a plasma doping process for implanting ions including the germanium is performed on the polysilicon layer(23) by supplying a voltage to the substrate(10). At this time, the density of the implanted germanium is constant and the germanium intensifies a solubility of boron, thereby preventing a boron depletion. Then, a boron doping process is performed on the germanium plasma doping performed structure.


The all-digital N -path filter structure for the processing of discrete-time signals is introduced. The structure is made of N parallel paths having identical time-invariant digital filters. The filters are connected to a common input signal path through input modulators, and a common output signal path through output modulators. The modulators produce identical periodic sequences but are staggered in phase from filter to filter. A detailed time-domain and frequency-domain analysis of the N -path filter is provided. It is shown that for certain bandlimited modulating sequences, or by appropriately bandlimiting the input and output signals, the overall time-varying structure can be made to appear as a timeinvariant network. This approach leads to filters with adjustable characteristics, and it is shown that by time-sharing the time-invariant digital filter path N times, it is possible to design filters with complex characteristics quite economically. A number of useful modulating functions are described, and some possible applications are discussed.


Quantitative assessment of Canada's boreal forest mitigation potential is not yet possible, though the range of mitigation activities is known, requirements for sound analyses of options are increasingly understood, and there is emerging recognition that biogeophysical effects need greater attention. Use of a systems perspective highlights trade-offs between activities aimed at increasing carbon storage in the ecosystem, increasing carbon storage in harvested wood products (HWPs), or increasing the substitution benefits of using wood in place of fossil fuels or more emissions-intensive products. A systems perspective also suggests that erroneous conclusions about mitigation potential could result if analyses assume that HWP carbon is emitted at harvest, or bioenergy is carbon neutral. The greatest short-run boreal mitigation benefit generally would be achieved by avoiding greenhouse gas emissions; but over the longer run, there could be significant potential in activities that increase carbon removals. Mi...


Similar to the majority of deep learning applications, diagnosing skin diseases using computer vision and deep learning often requires a large volume of data. However, obtaining sufficient data for particular types of facial skin conditions can be difficult due to privacy concerns. As a result, conditions like Rosacea are often understudied in computer-aided diagnosis. The limited availability of data for facial skin conditions has led to the investigation of alternative methods for computer-aided diagnosis. In recent years, Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs), mainly variants of StyleGANs, have demonstrated promising results in generating synthetic facial images. In this study, for the first time, a small dataset of Rosacea with 300 full-face images is utilized to further investigate the possibility of generating synthetic data. The preliminary experiments show how fine-tuning the model and varying experimental settings significantly affect the fidelity of the Rosacea features. It is demonstrated that $R_1$ Regularization strength helps achieve high-fidelity details. Additionally, this study presents qualitative evaluations of synthetic/generated faces by expert dermatologists and non-specialist participants. The quantitative evaluation is presented using a few validation metric(s). Furthermore a number of limitations and future directions are discussed. Code and generated dataset are available at: \url{https://github.com/thinkercache/stylegan2-ada-pytorch}


Reinforcement Learning (RL) techniques have been sought after as the next-generation tools to further advance the field of recommendation research. Different from classic applications of RL, recommender agents, especially those deployed on commercial recommendation platforms, have to operate in extremely large state and action spaces, serving a dynamic user base in the order of billions, and a long-tail item corpus in the order of millions or billions. The (positive) user feedback available to train such agents is extremely scarce in retrospect. Improving the sample efficiency of RL algorithms is thus of paramount importance when developing RL agents for recommender systems. In this work, we present a general framework to augment the training of model-free RL agents with auxiliary tasks for improved sample efficiency. More specifically, we opt to add additional tasks that predict users' immediate responses (positive or negative) toward recommendations, i.e., user response modeling, to enhance the learning of the state and action representations for the recommender agents. We also introduce a tool based on gradient correlation analysis to guide the model design. We showcase the efficacy of our method in offline experiments, learning and evaluating agent policies over hundreds of millions of user trajectories. We also conduct live experiments on an industrial recommendation platform serving billions of users and tens of millions of items to verify its benefit.


This article puts forward a method of SINS two-position self-alignment method considering turntable position error.Based on conventional coarse alignment,we consider the characteristic that IMU conjoint output information changed slowly in the alignment position and turning process,by introducing middle reference frame,precise tracking of actual turning angle and real-time calculating of navigation error are realized,the influence of dynamic environment on navigation error is compensated so as to improve the calculation accuracy of navigation error.The mathematical relation between equivalent excursion and navigation error is established,gesture angle error is identified based on equivalent excursion,the result is revised repeatedly until alignment precision requirement is met.Test results in static and dynamic environments show,this method could eliminate the influence of turntable position error on SIMU two-position self-alignment,making the calculation speed and accuracy meet the alignment requirement,which is of great engineering value.


Ocular Toxoplasmosis is a recurrent and progressive necrotizing retinitis that can cause blindness. In most cases, it manifests as a localised retinochoroidal lesion and is the most prevalent cause of posterior uveitis worldwide. Ocular infection is relatively common, with the majority of cases being asymptomatic. As a result, it's important to draw attention to this blinding disease that might go undetected, as well as the preventative actions that can be taken to avoid vision impairment. We report a case of a 35 years old female came with complaints of defective vision in both eyes for past 2 months which was acute in onset and painless in nature. There was history of similar episode 1 year back with no history of any treatment taken and there was a history of eating undercooked meat in the past. Right eye fundus showed a typical headlight in the fog appearance and left eye fundus showed exudative sheathing of vessel wall and multiple pigmented old retinochoroidal scars. Blood investigation showed elevated total count and an elevated ESR level. Peripheral smear report suggested dimorphic anemia and thrombocytosis. Antinuclear antobody- positive.Toxoplasm igG antibody- 511.90IU/ml (positive for toxoplasmosis).


Several classical adaptive optimization algorithms, such as line search and trust region methods, have been recently extended to stochastic settings where function values, gradients, and Hessians in some cases, are estimated via stochastic oracles. Unlike the majority of stochastic methods, these methods do not use a pre-specified sequence of step size parameters, but adapt the step size parameter according to the estimated progress of the algorithm and use it to dictate the accuracy required from the stochastic approximations. The requirements on stochastic approximations are, thus, also adaptive and the oracle costs can vary from iteration to iteration. The step size parameters in these methods can increase and decrease based on the perceived progress, but unlike the deterministic case they are not bounded away from zero due to possible oracle failures, and bounds on the step size parameter have not been previously derived. This creates obstacles in the total complexity analysis of such methods, because the oracle costs are typically decreasing in the step size parameter, and could be arbitrarily large as the step size parameter goes to 0. Thus, until now only the total iteration complexity of these methods has been analyzed. In this paper, we derive a lower bound on the step size parameter that holds with high probability for a large class of adaptive stochastic methods. We then use this lower bound to derive a framework for analyzing the expected and high probability total oracle complexity of any method in this class. Finally, we apply this framework to analyze the total sample complexity of two particular algorithms, STORM and SASS, in the expected risk minimization problem.


The present invention constitutes different bearings for supporting the rotary shaft when the high speed and low speed by installing a going collet portions are formed wings in accordance with the centrifugal force in the rotating-shaft system with that, the foil bearing of the gas foil bearing wear protection system in high-speed rotating shaft system a rotary shaft to a reduction of the start or stop, the load bearing capability of the foil bearing relates to a top foil work interference, causing further abrasion problems bump foil plastic deformation wear defense system of the gas foil bearing that prevents that even by the shape of. In the wear protection system of the rotating-shaft system gas foil bearing wear prevention system of the present invention is supported by the foil bearing, the rotary shaft has added a number of wings is formed on one end of the collet takes place with the wing portion circumferential direction by a centrifugal force during high-speed rotation and, the sleeve, which limits the displacement of the collet is provided, a bearing housing, the outer ring of the rolling bearing of the foil bearing is sapseol, the inner ring of the rolling bearing has the bushing is installed, stop and low-speed rotation when the collet is seated in the bushing and it is such that the rolling bearing is a bushing support coupled to the rotating shaft. Therefore, by preventing the stationary and wear and plastic deformation of the top foil work and bump foil that occur in low-speed rotation state of the rotary shaft it can extend the life of the gas foil bearing. Gas foil bearing, the air foil bearing, high-speed rotating shaft system, a wear-resistant device, the top foil, bump foil, the collet, the centrifugal force


With urbanization and vehicle availability, there exist many traffic problems including congestion, environmental impact and safety. In order to address these problems, we propose a video driven traffic modelling system in this paper. The system can simulate real-world traffic activities in a computer, based on traffic data recorded in videos. Video processing is employed to estimate metrics such as traffic volumes. These metrics are used to update the traffic system model, which is then simulated using the Paramics™ traffic simulation platform. Video driven traffic modelling has widespread potential application in traffic systems, due to the convenience and reduced costs of model development and maintenance. Experiments are conducted in this paper to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed system.


This study aims to analyse the disclosure as well as the actual implementation of corporate
social responsibility (CSR) conducted by an Islamic Bank (hereafter The Bank). This study is
conducted by comparing the CSR disclosure and its actual implementation done by The
Bank. For the CSR disclosure, we analysed the 2012 published reports such as annual report,
audited financial statements, and report of good corporate governance practices; while for the
actual implementation of CSR, we analysed data collected via observation and interviews. In analysing data we use six themes of Islamic Social Reporting (ISR) index as the reference. The results of this study indicate that the disclosure of CSR activities reported by the Bank
are about 36% of the ISR Index, while its actual implementations are about 72% of the ISR
index. Generally, it implies that the disclosures as well as the actual implementation of CSR done by the Bank do not fulfil all ISR Index.
Keywords: Corporate social responsibility . Corporate social responsibility disclosure .
Corporate social responsibility implementation· Islamic social reporting index


Abstract:Among authors of YA literature who take on the challenging topic of violence against women is Elana K. Arnold. The following interview shares her personal perspectives on her books and through a discussion of her titles the importance of these topics for young readers.


The design of components and manufacturing systems is considered from manufacturing system reliability and maintainability, productivity, material handling, agility, and reconfigurability perspectives. The ultimate goal of the approaches discussed in this paper is to reduce the manufacturing cost without compromising the functionality of component. The design for manufacturing operations is accomplished through design rules which are based on empirical and theoretical knowledge.


The characteristics of the lateral spread of ground induced by seismic liquefaction are presented. The paper reviews the study of the lateral spread and discusses the mechanism, the factors related the lateral spread and it's computation method. The future trends of study on the lateral spread induced by seismic liquefaction are suggested.


This design takes stm32h743vit6 chip in STM32 Series MCU as the core controller of the intelligent wireless charging system. The electric vehicle system is composed of wireless charging module, image processing system and intelligent vehicle driving module. It can realize the functions of logistics transportation within the set distance, wireless charging at the stop, returning according to the specified route and so on. This design can be applied not only in daily life, but also in short-distance intelligent logistics transportation environment such as AGV.


Contextual image classification aims at considering the information about nearby samples in the learning process in order to provide more accurate results. In this paper, we propose a locally-adaptive Optimum-Path Forest classifier together with Markov Random Fields (MRF) that surpasses its naïve version, which was recently presented in the literature. The experimental results over four satellite images demonstrated the proposed approach an outperform previous results, as well as it can perform MRF parameter learning much faster than its former version.


As management system reformation in Chinese universities and colleges has been deepening further, the original management pattern has not been able to meet the current needs of the university development. By analyzing the great changes that the economic, technological and cultural factors bring to university management, and taking into account the present situation and existing problems of university management in China, the author puts forward the ways and the strategies to establish learning organizations in Chinese universities.


The complexity and the processing time in scientific experiments based on computational simulation models bring challenges on the conduction of these experiments. Scientific workflows have being adopted on large-scale science. The intense utilization of large volumes of data on these workflows demands parallelism techniques. However, parallelize a workflow requires specific tools and programming skills, which may become a blunder for scientists. To address this issue, this paper proposes Heracles, which is an approach that makes the workflow parallelization into a more transparent task for scientists. Our approach proposes a fault tolerance and dynamic resource management mechanism inspired on P2P techniques. The purpose of Heracles is to execute activities in parallel without asking the scientists to specify the number of nodes involved in the execution and to automatically reschedule failed tasks. In this way, the scientists only need to define the deadline for the workflow. Heracles was evaluated through simulation and showed that it is capable of fulfilling the deadlines of the activities and to recover from failures efficiently. We believe that it may be interesting to integrate Heracles approach on real schedulers to perform deeper evaluations.


Psychogenic cough occurs most commonly in patients under 18 years of age. Making the diagnosis on clinical features alone is problematic, and it is usually a diagnosis of exclusion after several negative clinical investigations. We report on the case of a 13‐year‐old schoolboy with a 3‐month history of persistent dry cough with no other associated symptoms. Clinical examination and investigations revealed no abnormality, and empirical trials of antiasthma and antacid medications proved unsuccessful. An objective assessment of his cough frequency was made using an ambulatory cough monitor. A large number of cough episodes were recorded during the day, but during the time he was in bed there were very few episodes recorded. This suggested a diagnosis of psychogenic cough, and he underwent behavior modification therapy under the guidance of a clinical psychologist, with good result. Objective cough monitoring may therefore improve the evaluation and management of chronic cough. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2003; 36:73–75. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


Crude 3 M KCI extracts from L 1210 cells and purified ML antigen were characterized and the presence of ML antigens was verified by various anti‐ML sera, as well as by antisera to disrupted MMTV B particles. Selected ML‐positive fractions from preparative polyacrylamide electrophoresis and purified ML antigen isolated by affinity chromatography were analyzed by polyacrylamide disc electrophoresis. With both procedures the same sharp band was obtained. The molecular weight of both preparations was found to be 73,500 as estimated. The relationship between ML antigen, MMTV antigenic products and cell‐associated viral proteins is discussed.


The ecological footprint and ecological carrying capacity of Henan province were studied by using the calculation method of ecological footprint.The results indicated that the ecological deficit per capita in Henan province in 2004 was reduced 0.544 hm2 than that in 2003,but the ecological deficit was still higher.The sustainable development state still existed some shortcomings.Finally,some countermeasures for realizing the sustainable development of Henan province were put forward on basis of current status.


A heme-dependent peroxidase (HDP) catalyzes the ortho-hydroxylation of l-tyrosine to l-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (l-DOPA) in the presence of hydrogen peroxide. l-DOPA can be used for the treatment of Parkinson's disease. In this work, to improve the catalytic efficiency, the heme-dependent peroxidase has been genetically modified with an elastin-like polypeptide (ELP). bicinchoninic acid (BCA) assay demonstrated that HDP-ELP has a higher solubility in aqueous solutions than HDP. Circular dichroism (CD) spectra showed that HDP-ELP has a higher stability than HDP. Enzyme kinetics has been investigated over a range of substrate concentrations. It has been demonstrated that HDP-ELP exhibited a catalytic efficiency 2.4 times that of HDP.


The parent company of a pure financial holding company does not directly engage in specific financial services,only holding the shares of her subsidiaries.The subsidiaries engage in a wide variety of financial businesses independently.The parent company of an operating financial holding company engages in at lest one of financial services and takes care of her subsidiary operations at the same time.Pure financial holding company has higher efficiency and lower risk than the operating financial holding company,so the pure financial holding companies should be chosen as the objective models of financial holding companies in China.


In this article the author analyzes the concept of "practical law" as developed by Kant in his Critique of Practical Reason. The author notes the roots of this concept in the modern school of natural law and states that this concept represents a shift from an ethic of obligation to an ethic of autonomy. In addition, the author analyzes the essential features of the "practical law" concept; the philosophical problems that arise from it, and the place of this concept in the landscape of Kantian ethics and moral philosophy.


This paper describes a simulation suite for total airport simulation. This suite is being developed at the German Aerospace Center (DLR) to support research activities in the area of total airport management (TAM). The simulation suite is designed to simulate all processes relevant to the pre-tactical planning processes being investigated in TAM research, including flying aircraft, ground movements, turnaround process, and passenger movements. The simulation suite is designed to be very flexible in that simulation modules can be added or replaced easily.


From the viewpoint of English teaching practice, this paper mainly discusses the application of the Study Theory of Constructivism in the Basic English instruction. It states that building study environment of constructivism is very important to foster free exploring spirit and meaning construction ability of the students; It also emphasizes that cooperation study is of great benefit to developing students' language communicative ability and enriching students' knowledge.


Poly(1,4-naphthalene-benzobisoxazole)(PNBO)is synthesized from 4,6-diamino-1,3-benzenediol dihydrochloride and 1,4-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid in the presence of polyphosphoric acid.And PNBO/carbon nanotubes(CNTs)composite is prepared by in-situ polymerization processing and its thermal stability is determined by the thermal gravimetric analysis.Results show that the thermal stability of PNBO/CNTs composite is much higher than that of PNBO.


The ELISe experiment will be part of the installations envisaged at the NESR for FAIR. It offers worldwide unique opportunities to scatter electrons off exotic nuclei. Physics opportunities For all stable nuclei, it has been shown [1] that the central densities are about the same (≈ 0.17 nucleons/fm) and that the matter density radius is roughly proportional to the atomic number to the power of minus one-third (R ~ A). The surface thickness (or diffuseness, a ≈ 1 fm, see Fig. 1) is approximately independent of the mass number A. The spatial proton and neutron distributions have approximately the same form and only differ in magnitude. This is no longer the case for nuclei far from stability where skins (Rp ≠ Rn with ap ≈ an) and halos (Rp ≠ Rn with ap > an, or an > ap) were found. Heavy bubblelike nuclei (strong depression of central density) are also theoretically predicted. A pure electromagnetic probe like the electron allows to measure, with excellent precision, the proton distribution using elastic scattering. Together with elastic hadron scattering (e.g. p,p at medium energies) where only the matter density distribution can be measured, also the neutron density distributions can be extracted. The determination of charge radii and extraction of nuclear matter radii are crucial for studying the evolution of neutron and proton skins along isotopic chains. For theory, the precise knowledge of the skin thickness is decisive (e.g. [2]) to understand isovector interactions and the symmetry energy. The quantity Rn Rp is not only related to the symmetry energy but also to the slope of the equation of state (EOS) for neutrons which is proportional to the pressure. Several modern Skyrme Hartree-Fock models using different parameters [3] predict a clear linear and strong dependence between the neutron skin thickness S = Rn Rp for lead and the slope of the neutron EOS. In ref. [4] the relation of S to several quantities like the nuclear binding energy, the compressibility etc. is studied for a large amount of mean field theories. The diffuseness parameter reflects the behaviour of the nuclear potential (e.g. spin-orbit) and eigenfunctions at the nuclear surface. It is an important ingredient for computing the asymptotic behaviour of the wave function. This is relevant to understand e.g. hadron-nucleus reactions which are sensitive only to the outer region of the nucleus due to strong absorption. See for example the large differences between the spectroscopic factors measured via (e,e'p) and (d,He) [5]. Since ELISe can measure elastic form factors that are not accessible by other means, the diffuseness of charge density distributions will be uniquely determined. The isotopic dependence of higher moments of the charge distributions will also be determined. These are again related to the isovector interaction since the proton density follows the neutron density due to static polarization. Figure 1: Elastic charge form factor for different Ni isotopes (a), the corresponding point proton distributions (b) and the effect of the Coulomb distortion of the electrons(SDE curve includes it, BA doesn't) on the form factor (c). Taken from ref. [6]. In recent years, experimental and theoretical investigations have been refocused on the nuclear electric dipole (E1) response. The investigations have been stimulated by results of nuclear resonance fluorescence and Coulomb dissociation experiments which yielded a significant concentration of E1 strength below the particle threshold in stable and non-stable nuclei (for a recent overview we refer to [7] and references therein). Besides the implica___________________________________________ *Work supported by EC under INTAS contract number 03-54-6545 firstname.lastname@example.com FAIR-NUSTAR-ELISE-01


Semantics and pragmatics overlap in their scope as they both deal with the meaning of linguistic expressions. Since semantics can be viewn as an abstraction from pragmatics, the question of what divides them thus becomes as well a question of what the scope of semantics should be. Traditionally, three features haven been suggested to define semantic content and delimit it from pragmatics: semantics content is truth-conditional, conventional, and constant. However there are only two cases in which the three criteria line up. Literal meaning is characterized by all of them, while conversational implicatures exhibits none. We then examine all other six possible combinations of the three features. This will lead to a typology of kinds of meaning which then raises then question of which of the features seems to be best suited to draw classify these eight kinds and draw the lines between semantics. I argue that a semantics based on conventions is both the conceptually the most reasonable choice for a defining feature and the line it draws between semantics and pragmatics that converges with the practice in theoretical and empirical linguistic research. 1 Semantics and pragmatics vs. the rest The aim of this article is to work out the differences between semantics and pragmatics. In order to so, it is helpful begin with acknowledging what unites them. Take any general introductory text book into linguistics and chances are pretty high that you find that its structure follows the "big five". By this, I mean the traditional major subdisciplines, which, beside semantics and pragmatics, include phonetics/phonology, morphology, and syntax; which are maybe accompanied by some additional chapters on psychoor historical linguistics. While semantics has connections to the other three of the big five, if there is one conceptual devision across the five disciplines, semantics is grouped together with pragmatics. From a traditional Saussurean semiotic point of view, phonetics, morphology, and syntax study the form of linguistic signs – from the phone/phoneme, the morpheme and word level up to the phrasal level – while semantics and pragmatics are concerned with the meaning of those signs. 2 Semantics vs. Pragmatics (1) Phonetics/Phonology Morphology Syntax ⎪⎪⎪ ⎬ ⎪⎪⎭ form⇔ meaning { Semantics Pragmatics Of course, saying that semantics and pragmatics deal with "meaning" is as rough a characterization as saying that the other three deal with "form", but it leads to the main question that this article is going to address. While it is true, that semantics interacts with phonology (e.g. in→Association with focus,→Focus in discourse,→ The semantics of intonation), morphology (e.g. →... ), and syntax (→...) and even depends on them (→compositionality), the coarse distinction between from and meaning makes it easy to distinguish semantics from all of them.1 The question of how to delimit semantics from pragmatics is, however, not as easy to answer, as they overlap in having meaning as their general subject. Not only are there many complex issues surrounding the interaction between semantics and pragmatics (→ Literal vs. enriched meaning), it is not even clear with criteria can be chosen to categorize some aspect of meaning as semantic or pragmatic, as this article will demonstrate. Taken these two problems together, it is no surprise that question about the relation between semantics and pragmatics are still not settled. In order to get a better understanding of the problem that underly these difficulties, we will begin with some basic ideas and criteria that have been and are used to draw the boundary between semantics and pragmatics. 2 Semantics as abstraction The tradition of the semantics-pragmatics distinction has a long history and even though the very idea of distinguishing between these two subfield is much older, its first explicit employment is commonly attributed to Morris's foundational works on semiotics. Onemay study the relations of signs to the objects to which the signs are applicable. [...] [T]he study of this dimension will be called semantics. Or the subject of study may be the relation of signs to interpreters. [...] [T]he study of this dimension will be named pragmatics. (Morris 1938: 6) According to this coarse characterization, semantics, in case of linguistic sign systems, studies the expressions themselves and how they relate to the world, that is, it is concerned with references in the Fregean sense. Pragmatics, in contrast, does 1 This does, of course, not imply that it is also an easy question whether a particular linguistic phenomenon, like, say, restrictions against certain readings of a syntactic configuration, are better analyzed and explained in semantic or non-semantic terms.


THERE APPEAR TO BE two ways in which librarians approach the question of behaviour in libraries and, in particular, reader behaviour. On the one hand there is the view that things happen instinctively and the 'correct' behaviour is discovered without the interference of anybody else—'things sort themselves out'. If you take this view you would hardly believe the question is worth discussing and would only think about it if very obviously deviant behaviour such as rowdiness, discussed recently by the Branch & Mobile Libraries Group, took place in the library. Compared with the need to sort out specific problems such as those thrown up by computerisation or local government re‐organisation, reader behaviour seems to be of little interest and of no urgency—indeed esoteric—the sort of thing a library school lecturer would be thinking about!


The article examines the essence of the concept of "investment attractiveness" and defines the main prerequisites for attracting funds to the economy of Ukraine. In essence, the country's investment attractiveness is a characteristic that reflects the profitability or disadvantage of investing money in the country. Attention is focused on the results of the influence of economic, social and geopolitical factors on the country's investment attractiveness. Key factors of Ukraine's investment attractiveness are highlighted.
The authors analyzed the size of direct foreign investments in Ukraine during 2018–2022. The list of the main investor countries in Ukraine in 2021 is given. The most attractive industries for foreign investment in Ukraine have been analyzed. The investment attractiveness index of Ukraine was evaluated during 2018-2022.
We believe that one of the prerequisites for the stable economic development of the country and its regions is the formation and maintenance of a favorable investment image in the minds of potential investors. The defining task of state policy in the field of investment activity is the formation of a favorable investment climate and the reduction of investment risk for foreign investors.
The main problems of the development of investment activities in Ukraine are outlined. Russia's full-scale military aggression against Ukraine continues to lead the list of factors that have a negative impact on the investment climate, attacks on the Ukrainian energy system are in second place, and corruption is in third place. Among the few positive changes, the business leaders highly rated granting Ukraine the status of a candidate for EU accession, the cancellation of customs duties and quotas for Ukrainian exports and "transport visa-free" from the EU.
The authors provide strategic guidelines for the formation of a positive investment climate in Ukraine and analyze the causes of an unfavorable investment climate. Ways to increase investment attractiveness in Ukraine are proposed.
We believe that investment attractiveness is a complex multifaceted economic category and reflects the complexity of the macroeconomic space from the point of view of the existing investment climate, the state and level of development of the relevant investment infrastructure. Effective implementation of investment activities is the foundation for the development of the economy of Ukraine, accelerates its integration into the European socio-economic space.


Investigators are using the pseudodynamic test for seismic testing of structures in the inelastic range where forces and displacement are large. Often, testing is conducted on scaled models rather than full-scale structures because of the limited capacity of available equipment and expense. Although the similitude laws are well established, the choice of an appropriate set of scale factors is often complicated due to the infinite number of possible sets. The authors of this technical note outline the various issues to consider when choosing a set of scale factors. The question of possible differences in test results due to a difference in testing procedure is answered by means of tests on identical specimens using three typical procedures. The results derived from tests were considered to be identical for practical purposes.


We present design considerations and fabrication results for a vertically integrated waveguide polarization splitter. Fabrication techniques of shadow reactive ion etching and variable photolithography exposure produced the required vertical waveguide structures. The fabricated vertical waveguide bends exhibit excess loss of only 0.2dB. By constructing this vertical bend with a birefringent polyimide, simulation results show the possibility of a polarization splitter wit an extinction ratio of over 15dB. We demonstrate preliminary waveguide experiments showing the practicality of these structures as 3D integrated optical devices.


The mechanism of boundary lubrication of organic disulfides in while oil, using four-ball test data, has been studied by examining the influence of load, wear test time, concentration and structure. The amounts of iron sulfide, thiol and elemental sulfur fanned from disulfides have been quantitatively determined in oil solution and wear debris. Monosulfide was identified in oil solution after wear test. Temperature in wear junction and additive concentration in oil control the rate and magnitude of sulfur products formation. The formation of iron sulfide occurs by decomposition of disulfide to elemental sulfur and thiol, which than read with the metal surface giving sulfide. The separate chemical reaction paths of disulfides with different rates and amounts of sulfur products formation depended on the lubrication conditions present. The chemical structure of disulfides influences the formation of determined sulfur compounds. Presented at the 42nd Annual Meeting in Anaheim, California May 11–14, 1987