Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text Abstract Importance: Genitourinary syndrome of menopause (GSM) is a chronic, progressive condition frequently manifesting as vaginal dryness and pain with intercourse. Survey data indicate this is a highly prevalent, likely underreported, condition that profoundly affects quality of life for millions of women. Vaginal lasers demonstrate promise as an effective, nonhormone therapeutic alternative for GSM; however, the risks associated with them may have been overstated. Objective: Despite reports of improved sexual and vaginal comfort without serious safety concerns, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) issued a 2018 safety communication warning against it. We conducted a systematic literature review and surveyed both the FDA Manufacturer and User Facility Device Experience (MAUDE) and Bloomberg Law Databases to evaluate risks associated with laser treatment for GSM. Evidence Review: A systematic literature review identified articles published before September 2019. The MAUDE database was searched by name from 2009 to 2019 for safety claims for 24 vaginal laser devices. The Bloomberg Law database was searched for product liability claims against any vaginal laser device manufacturer before July 2019. Findings: Literature review revealed 3 publications detailing 29 presumptive laser-associated complications, only 5 of which (17.2%) reported worsening symptoms after treatment. The MAUDE database contained 120 complaints; only 30 (25%) detailed potential adverse patient events, most frequently pain (n = 12) and burning (n = 10). The Bloomberg law database contained no claims asserting harm from device use. Conclusions and Relevance: Lacking strong evidence indicating significant patient risk for vaginal laser treatment of GSM, the FDA safety communication appears unsubstantiated and implies gender bias. Identified complications suggest most reported "adverse events" represent lack of treatment effect. The well-documented benefits and low risk of adverse event suggest laser therapy for GSM is reasonable with appropriate pretreatment counseling. Additional randomized, well-controlled clinical trials are needed to further elucidate both the safety and efficacy of this nonhormone therapy.


FMARI Database Application is designed to help safety auditor in investigating work accidents and as routine monitoring in regular companies reports to safety board organization in Indonesia (BPJS for Employee) with the main goal is to reach zero accident. FMARI stands for Faktor Manusia dan Analisis Resiko Industri (application: Human Factors and Industrial Risk Analysis) is following HFACS method and make a modification from HFIX in Indonesian terms. The Human Factors Analysis and Classification System (HFACS) is a system-safety model that effectively bridges the gap between human error theory and applied human error analysis. The Human Factors Intervention matriX (HFIX) is an innovative tool for mapping intervention strategies onto the specific forms of human error identified in the HFACS.


This paper discusses the problems of pulsing Extended Interaction Oscillators (EIO's), summarizes some experience gained in operating EIO's in several experimental systems with pulse lengths from ten to several hundred ns, and contrasts EIO operation with operation of conventional millimeter wave magnetrons.


/-~CZ) roductivity, efficiency, ^-^specialization... these issues are not usually associated with marriage. Beyond love and A commitment, JR however, these less-thanromantic factors can be important—at least to economists. Statistics show that married men earn approximately 11 percent more per hour than men who have never been married, even after controlling for work experience, education, age and other factors.' Economists also find that divorced or separated men make about 9 percent more than never-married men do. The wage gap, present at all ages, is even wider for those 45 and older. (See chart.) Why does this premium occur? Some attribute it to employer discrimination. Others believe that married men make more money because marriage makes them more productive, while still others say that highly productive men are more likely to be married.


Continuously diminishing fossil fuel resources and environmental concern provides an increasing motivation to search for alternative energy sources. Out of several possible resources, hydrogen produced by catalytic reforming of hydrocarbons has the potential of commercial exploitation and meeting part of this Nation's energy needs. Unfortunately, catalytic reforming always accompanies the generation of other by-products, which has deleterious effects on the materials and on the environment. Higher operational temperatures that are needed in order to achieve sufficient conductivity add to the problem of materials degradation.


Electromagnetic energy rotation around the axis of cylindrical metallic waveguides partially filled by isotropic plasma is studied. Angular phase velocity and angular velocity of energy transfer are analyzed as functions of the plasma waveguide parameters: plasma column radius, plasma particle density, azimuthal wavenumber, dielectric layer width and dielectric constant, and collision frequency. This study generalizes the results obtained earlier in the case of the wave propagation in two-component plasma-metal structures (cylindrical metallic waveguides entirely filled by magnetoactive plasma) to the case of three-component plasma-dielectric-metal structures.Electromagnetic energy rotation around the axis of cylindrical metallic waveguides partially filled by isotropic plasma is studied. Angular phase velocity and angular velocity of energy transfer are analyzed as functions of the plasma waveguide parameters: plasma column radius, plasma particle density, azimuthal wavenumber, dielectric layer width and dielectric constant, and collision frequency. This study generalizes the results obtained earlier in the case of the wave propagation in two-component plasma-metal structures (cylindrical metallic waveguides entirely filled by magnetoactive plasma) to the case of three-component plasma-dielectric-metal structures.


This paper discusses the limitation in measurement accuracy of junction temperature measurements of bipolar devices. A limiting factor the measurement delay, caused by slow removal of charge carriers, was investigated by single pulse measurements and evaluated by simulations. A minimal measurement delay of 650μs was found for a 6.5 kV IGBT at high temperature.


Iran as a historical country located in a seismic prone region in the world and has been affected by several destructive earthquakes during its history. These seismic events have affected a lot of old urban fabrics and historical places in this country including Bam Citadel and Tabriz Kabood Mosque, both known as world cultural heritages. In this paper, having a look on the impacts of earthquakes in historical places of Iran, the potential seismic risk in Tehran Bazaar and its surrounding old urban fabrics as well as adjacent cultural heritages sites will be introduced. Furthermore, the potential activities that can be implemented to reduce the earthquake risk and improve emergency response capacities in the region will be discussed. These measures can be implemented in other historical sites all around the world by making some adaptation based on the local conditions.


Times change and so do governments – and the transition from Blair to Brown a few weeks back has been enough to eventually oust Patricia Hewitt from the top spot at the Department of Health (DH) – the political coalface she managed to erode away so efficiently.


Auger electron spectroscopy has been used to probe the electronic structure of ion bombardment (IB) cleaned surfaces of B9C and B4C samples. The shapes of the B‐KVV and C‐KVV Auger lines were found to be relatively insensitive to the bulk stoichiometry of the samples. This indicates that the local chemical environments surrounding B and C atoms, respectively, on the surfaces of the IB cleaned samples do not change appreciably in going from B9C to B4C. Fracturing the sample in situ is a way of producing a  clean  representative internal surface to compare with the IB surfaces. Microbeam techniques have been used to study a fracture surface of the B9C material with greater spatial resolution than in our studies of IB surfaces. The B9C fracture surface was not homogeneous and contained both C‐rich and B‐rich regions. The C‐KVV line for the C‐rich regions was graphitic in shape. Much of the C‐rich regions was found by IB to be less than 100 nm in thickness. The C‐KVV line from the B‐rich regions was carbidic ...


Chitosanase from Bacillus circulans MH-K1 is a 29-kDa extracellular protein composed of 259 amino acids. The crystal structure of chitosanase from B. circulans MH-K1 has been determined by multiwavelength anomalous diffraction method and refined to crystallographic R = 19.2% (R free = 23.5%) for the diffraction data at 1.6-Å resolution collected by synchrotron radiation. The enzyme has two globular upper and lower domains, which generate the active site cleft for the substrate binding. The overall molecular folding is similar to chitosanase from Streptomyces sp. N174, although there is only 20% identity at the amino acid sequence level between both chitosanases. However, there are three regions in which the topology is remarkably different. In addition, the disulfide bridge between Cys50 and Cys124 joins the β1 strand and the α7 helix, which is not conserved among other chitosanases. The orientation of two backbone helices, which connect the two domains, is also different and is responsible for the differences in size and shape of the active site cleft in these two chitosanases. This structural difference in the active site cleft is the reason why the enzymes specifically recognize different substrates and catalyze different types of chitosan degradation.


Communications networks remain incredibly difficult to manage, troubleshoot, and secure. Network management challenges exist in all kinds of networks. In this talk, I will describe how Software Defined Networking (SDN), which decouples logical network control from the underlying network infrastructure, can simplify many network management tasks in different types of networks and may ultimately provide a means by which network operators (and home users) can make their networks more predictable, manageable, and secure. I will first present Kinetic, a new programming language and runtime for SDNs that we have developed, implemented, and deployed (in both home networks and on a large campus network) and describe how it allows network operators to express and implement complex policies in a simple and high-level control framework. Current SDN controller platforms typically offer little domain-specific support for programming changes to data-plane policy over time (dynamic policy). Links are provisioned and fail; users arrive and depart; traffic demands change; and hosts are compromised and patched. Today's controller platforms offer SDN programmers little guidance on how to encode dynamic policies, which makes the resulting programs difficult to write and analyze. Kinetic encodes dynamic policies and realizes them in the underlying network. It offers novel Finite State Machine (FSM)-based abstractions for encoding dynamic policies that are expressive and intuitive, efficient for programmers to write, and amenable to automated verification. To prevent state explosion, we develop a new type of runtime policy that reactively generates only the required portions of the FSM abstractions that correspond to received events. I will then describe how we are applying new SDN abstractions and control to help approach longstanding problems in interdomain routing in a framework called SDN. To date, SDN has not affected how we interconnect separately administered networks as we do today through BGP. Because many of the current failings of the Internet are due to BGP's poor performance and limited functionality, it behooves us to explore incrementally deployable ways to leverage SDN's power to improve interdomain routing. Towards this goal, this project exploits the re-emergence of Internet eXchange Points (IXPs) to create Software Defined eXchanges (SDXs). Although the SDX approach does involve deploying SDN technology at IXPs, the improvements we describe involve fundamental changes to network control. I will describe how improved network control can realize the potential of SDN-capable functions at Internet exchange points.


Observations of structured Pc-1 pulsations at Siple Station, Antarctica allow comparison of the propagation paths of these signals with previously reported whistler observations. The whistler data have provided a detailed history of the plasmapause location during a six day interval of magnetic disturbance and recovery. Determination of the equatorial distances to the propagation paths of the Pc-1 signals by dispersion analysis indicates that the hydromagnetic whistlers propagate 1 to 4 R e above the plasmapause. We find, however, that structured Pc-1 signals are observed only when the plasmapause is near or above the Siple field lines. This suggests that the Pc-1 signals are propagating in or below the plasmapause and that some of the assumptions of the dispersion analysis may be in error.


Background: The lead aVR is neglected electrocardiography (ECG) lead while interpreting various cardiac diseases including coronary artery disease (CAD). The aVR lead is a potentially useful tool in ECG in diagnosing and managing patients with CAD. Aim and Objectives: The aim is to study the usefulness of ECG in localizing the culprit vessel by coronary angiogram (CAG) in patients with the acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and to find the relation of ECG findings, with regional wall motion abnormality (RWMA) and CAG profile. \Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional observational study done on patients admitted with the diagnosis of ACS. A total of 54 patients were included in this study satisfying the inclusion criteria presented with ACS. Results: A total of 54 patients (males: 55.7% and females: 46.3%) were enrolled fulfilling inclusion criteria of the study (male: 59.72 [±10.59], female: 55.24 [±11.93]). A total 59.36% of patients had resulting RWMA. About 33.33% of patients had single-vessel disease, 24.07% had double-vessel disease , and 18.52% had triple-vessel disease (TVD) with P = 0.081. A total 79.62% of patients ECG could able to diagnose CAD. About 100% of patients with proximal left anterior descending (LAD) lesion 85.71% with LMCA, 40% with TVD had ST elevation in aVR lead. About 66.67% of patients with the right coronary artery (RCA) and 50% with left circumflex infarction (LCx) lesion had ST depression in aVR lead. About 59.36% had RWMA on echocardiogram. Conclusions: The presence of ST elevation in aVR indicates a culprit lesion in the proximal segment of LAD or LMCA. The absence ST elevation in aVR excludes the left main coronary artery as the underlying cause in the context of anterior wall ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). ST elevation in aVR is valuable for distinguishing proximal from distal lesions in the LAD in anterior wall STEMI. ST-segment depression in lead aVR is valuable for differentiating RCA from those with LCx in the inferior STEMI. Echocardiography findings aid triage for the management of the patient with ACS.


Egg protein (ovalbumin, conalbumin and phosvitin) and iron were added to oxytetracycline solution heated at 70°C and 80°C for 20 minutes. After heating, the antibacterial activities of oxytetracycline at 70°C for 20 minutes and retarded on the decrease of antibacterial activity of heated oxytetracycline 80°C for 20 minutes, where as iron contributed on the loss of antibacterial activity of the heated oxytetracycline. Cobalbumin and phosvitin reduced the ability of iron to lose the antibacterial activity of oxytertracycline, however iron decreased antibacterial activity of oxytetracycline heated with egg protein significantly (p>0.05). ABSTRAK Protein telur (albumin, konalbumin dan fosvitin) dan zat besi ditambahkan pada larutan oksitetrasiklin yang kemudian dipanaskan pada suhu 70°C dan 80°C selama 20 menit. Setelah pemanasan, aktivitas anti-bakteri oksitetrasiklin diuji. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa protein telur dapat mempertahankan aktivitas anti-bakteri oksitetrasiklin yang dipanaskan 70°C selama 20 menit dan menghambat penurunan aktivitas anti-bakteri oksitetrasiklin yang dipanaskan 80°C selama 20 menti, sedangkan zat besi dapat menghilangkan aktivitas anti-bakteri oksitetrasiklin yang dipanaskan. Konalbumin dan fosvidin dapat mengurangi kemampuan zat besi dalam menghilangkan aktivitas anti-bakteri oksitetrasiklin, namun demikian zat besi secara nyata menurunkan aktivitas anti-bakteri oksitetrasiklin yang dipanaskan bersama-sama protein telur (p>0,05)


In this work we consider some old hypotheses according to which remarkable mesolithic village Lepenski Vir (9500 -- 5500 BC) at the right (nearly west) Danube riverside in the Iron gate in Serbia was an ancient (one of the oldest) Sun observatory. We use method recently suggested by A. C. Sparavigna, concretely we use "freely available software" or local Sun radiation direction simulation computer programs. In this way we obtain and discuss pictures of the sunrise in the Lepenski Vir during winter and summer solstice and spring and autumn equinox in relation to position of the mountains, especially Treskavac (Trescovat) and Kukuvija at left (nearly east) Danube riverside (in Romania). While mountain Kukuvija represents really the marker for the Sun in date of the winter solstice, mountain Treskavac, in despite to usual opinions, does not represent a real marker for the Sun in date of the summer solstice. Sun rises behind Treskavac, roughly speaking, between 22.April and 1. May. It corresponds to year period when heliacal rising of the Pleiades constellation occurs, which by many ancient cultures, e.g. Celts of northern Europe, denotes very beginning of the year. All this, in common with some archeological facts (house-shrine No.47 in the Lepenski Vir holds seven signs beside hearth which would correspond to the seven Pleiades stars), opens a possibility that Lepenski Vir was an ancient Pleiades constellation observatory.


A path planning algorithm for autonomous underwater robots in diving plane is presented. Using fuzzy inference system (FIS), the desired depth is derived according to the depth and the distance to bottom. The computer simulations proved that this path planning algorithm can successfully control the vehicle to avoid diving too deep/low or crashing on the bottom, and keep the proper height to improve the measurement accuracy of the Doppler velocity log (DVL).


This essay studies and compare two different heroines and how they are represented in stories about them. The heroines are Sue Grafton´s Kinsey Millhone and Janet Evanovich´s Stephanie Plum. These two have been chosen because of that they both are strong and independent women. The goal for the essay is to find out if one of these stories are better than the other to work with in a Swedish school class. As help the book Femininity by Susan Brownmiller have been used, to create a pattern for what you can say is femininity.


The sperm quality of some males is in a critical state, making it hard for clinicians to choose the suitable fertilisation methods. This study aimed to develop an intelligent nomogram for predicting fertilisation rate of infertile males with borderline semen. 160 males underwent in vitro fertilisation (IVF), 58 of whom received rescue ICSI (R‐ICSI) due to fertilisation failure (fertilisation rate of IVF ≤30%). A least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression analysis identified sperm concentration, progressively motile spermatozoa (PMS), seminal plasma anti‐Müllerian hormone (spAMH), seminal plasma inhibin (spINHB), serum AMH (serAMH) and serum INHB (serINHB) as significant predictors. The nomogram was plotted by multivariable logistic regression. This nomogram‐illustrated model showed good discrimination, calibration and clinical value. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of the nomogram was 0.762 (p < .001). Calibration curve and Hosmer–Lemeshow test (p = .5261) showed good consistency between the predictions of the nomogram and the actual observations, and decision curve analysis showed that the nomogram was clinically useful. This nomogram may be useful in predicting fertilisation rate, mainly focused on new biomarkers, INHB and AMH. It could assist clinicians and laboratory technicians select appropriate fertilisation methods (IVF or ICSI) for male patients with borderline semen.


Relationship to empirical Bayes and RL. The augmentation with a variational prior has strong ties to empirical Bayesian methods, which use data to estimate hyperparameters of a prior distribution (Robbins, 1964; Efron & Morris, 1973). In general, empirical Bayes considers the fully Bayesian treatment of a hyperprior on the original prior—here, the variational prior on the original meanfield—and proceeds to integrate it out. As this is analytically intractable, much work has been on parametric estimation, which seek point estimates rather than the whole distribution encoded by the hyperprior. We avoid this at the level of the hyperprior (variational prior) via the hierarchical ELBO; however, our procedure can be viewed in this framework at one higher level. That is, we seek a point estimate of the "variational hyperprior" which governs the parameters on the variational prior.


According to the professional curriculum of architectural engineering technology of our college,this paper clarified the professional characteristics of the professional curriculum of higher vocational education,and showed the internal force to promote the and development of higher vocational education.


It has become essential to look critically at the development that has taken place from Calvin to the state of Calvinism today. Can contemporary Calvinism really he regarded as being in the true spirit of Calvin? The question is not answered in this article, but important trends and important works on the issue are outlined and indicated. Calvinist Scholasticism has already produced philosophical results different from the Reformation itself The literature referred to includes general studies and works dilated more specifically at developments in the various countries, viz. France, the Netherlands, England and Scotland, the United States and South Africa.


A novel and efficient palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling benzylation reaction of pentafluorobenzene through selective C−H functionalization has been developed. A series of carbonates and polyfluorobenzenes have been examined and found to give moderate to good yields. This transformation provides a new straightforward approach for the synthesis of fluorinated diarylmethanes.


We propose a natural double inflation model in supergravity. In this model, chaotic inflation first takes place by virtue of the Nambu-Goldstone-like shift symmetry, which guarantees the absence of the exponential factor in the potential for the inflaton field. During chaotic inflation, an initial value of the second inflation (new inflation) is set. In this model, the initial value of new inflation can be adequately far from the local maximum of the potential for new inflation due to the small linear term of the inflaton in the K\"ahler potential. Therefore, the primordial fluctuations within the present horizon scale may be attributed to both inflations; that is, the first chaotic inflation produces the primordial fluctuations on the large cosmological scales while the second new inflation on the smaller scales. The successive decay of the inflaton for new inflation leads to a reheating temperature low enough to avoid the overproduction of gravitinos in a wide range of the gravitino mass.


In a recent JAMIA article, Otte-Trojel et al . 1 present a realist review of patient portals. We commend the authors for using this approach to synthesizing evidence, which is a divergence from traditional systematic review methodology. We believe realist approaches have much to offer the medical informatics community, providing a means to not only determine if health IT interventions provide benefit in terms of outcomes, but to understand why and in what contexts such benefits may occur. However, we feel it is important to address some concerns we have regarding the way in which the authors used realist methods in their review. Our intention is to encourage the authors to expand on this work and to clarify for readers some of the key concepts of realist reviews and how they differ from traditional systematic reviews. In this, we respond to the call of realist evaluators for collective scrutiny of each other's work to drive the method forward.2

Realist reviews identify theories of how an intervention works, for whom, and in what circumstances, and then test and refine those theories through consideration of primary studies.3 For realists, interventions themselves do not produce outcomes. Rather, interventions offer resources; outcomes depend on how recipients respond …


Taking several indigenous red-feather duck strains as breeding materials, Ji,an red-feather duck was bred through successive closed screening within small masses for five generations. Ji,an red-feather duck is perfect material for processing of dried salted duck, it possesses basically consistent body size and appearance and stable heredity, its 120-day-old body weight reaches 1 827.21g, the body length∶breast width∶breast depth of bred male duck is 20∶9.4∶8.4, that of bred female duck is 21∶10.3∶9.0. The dried salted duck which is made of Ji,an red-feather duck is clean and beautiful in appearance.


The present investigation was conducted to determine the salt tolerance of 10 genotypes of lentil namely RLG–5, RLG–195, RLG–234, RLG–250, RLG–254, RLG–256, RLG–258, SAPNA, DPL–58 and L– 4076 under different salinity levels (0.0, 20, 40 and 60 mM NaCl) during germination and seedling stage. 15 seeds of each genotype were sown in sterilized petridishes on autoclaved germination papers and irrigated daily with 3 ml of test solutions after draining out the previous day solutions at 24±2C in the culture room and the set was maintained in dark for the first two days followed by exposure to light achieved by tube lights and incandescent bulbs. The experimental design was RBD with three replications. The experiment was terminated after 8 day of sowing in petridishes and average germination percentage, shoot length, root length, shoot fresh weight, root fresh weight, shoot dry weight, root dry weight, total dry weight and salt tolerance index were recorded. The salt tolerance index (STI) of the genotypes, expressed as the ratio of dry matter yield produced under the NaCl treatments compared to the control treatment, was found to be a reliable criterion for ranking genotypes for their tolerance to NaCl. Genotypes L-4076, RLG-254, RLG-234 and RLG-258 were found tolerant.


We propose a novel method that enables a robot to identify a graspable object part of an unknown object given only noisy and partial information that is obtained from an RGB-D camera. Our method combines the benefits of local with the advantages of global methods. It learns a classifier that takes a local shape representation as input and outputs the probability that a grasp applied at this location will be successful. Given a query data point that is classified in this way, we can retrieve all the locally similar training data points and use them to predict latent global object shape. This information may help to further prune positively labeled grasp hypotheses based on, e.g. relation to the predicted average global shape or suitability for a specific task. This prediction can also guide scene exploration to prune object shape hypotheses. To learn the function that maps local shape to grasp stability we use a Random Forest Classifier. We show that our method reaches the same classification performance as the current state-of-the-art on this dataset which uses a Convolutional Neural Network. Additionally, we exploit the natural ability of the Random Forest to cluster similar data. For a positively predicted query data point, we retrieve all the locally similar training data points that are associated with the same leaf nodes of the Random Forest. The main insight from this work is that local object shape that affords a grasp is also a good predictor of global object shape. We empirically support this claim with quantitative experiments. Additionally, we demonstrate the predictive capability of the method on some real data examples.


SINCE 1844 there has been legislation in Great Britain to prevent accidents in premises subject to the Factories Act. This legislation was the first of its kind, was continously adapted in the light of experience and has been a pattern for legislation to prevent accidents in many countries. The first factory legislation such as Sir Robert Peel's 'Health and Morals of Apprentices Act' was concerned with hours of work, cleanliness and education. Enforcement depended on visitors who were magistrates or church ministers and these Acts applied only to apprentices in the cotton trade. The Factory Act of 1833, though equally limited to the cotton trade (about 3,000 factories), dealing only with age of employment, hours of work, education and cleanliness, was vitally different in that Inspectors were appointed with the power to enforce the Act. The Commissioners, on whose report the provisions of this Act was based, had considered the problem of accidents and by 1840 the Inspectors were paying special heed to this great problem. They were asked to report to the Secretary of State and one Inspector wrote, 'Within the last few months, I have had eleven accidents reported to me. Among them are four cases of death, a man, a boy of seventeen years, a boy of fifteen years and a child of eight years. The first and third case were caused by carelessness in respect to straps, the second case by a lad's arm being caught by the workers of a tenter willey which might have been protected and the last case, bringing his father's breakfast, by being caught on an unguarded upright shaft'. Dr. Robert Baker, a Factory Inspector in Leeds, attempted to survey the incidence of accidents. He found that in one hospital, from mill accidents alone, there were thirty-three in-patients of whom nineteen were below the age of fifteen and 228 outpatients of whom seventy-six were below the age of fifteen. He commented 'how much greater the actual amount is cannot be ascertained for it must be remembered that this is a return from only one public institution, where there are several open for the reception of like accidents, independently of the private houses to which many apply.' As a result of these enquiries an Act was passed in 1844 with specific provisions against accidents. The Act prohibited women and young persons cleaning transmission


Serious infections are one of the most feared adverse events in patients treated with biologics. To this regard data coming from randomized and long-term extension studies may not totally applied to the usual clinical practice due to the different profile of the treated patients. To study the associated factors for serious infections in patients with inflammatory arthritis treated with TNF inhibitorsTo study the associated factors for serious infections in patients with inflammatory arthritis treated with TNF inhibitorsAll the medical records of the patients with inflammatory arthritis being treated with TNF inhibitors at the beginning of 2016 were retrospectively reviewed. All serious infections suffered for these patients until the end of 2018 were recorded. Serious infections were defined as those which required to admitted at the hospital for intravenous treatment. Potential variables associated with the development of these infections including: demographic and clinical characteristics, concomitant treatments or comorbidity (by Charlson index) were studied. Standard statistical tests for descriptive and univariate analyses were used and a multivariable logistic regression model was built to check independent associations.Overall 334 patients (50.3% women) with a mean age of 56.67 (±12.853) were studied: 140 (41.92%) Rheumatoid arthritis (RA), 55 (16.46%) psoriatic arthritis (PsA) and 138 (41.62%) spondyloarthritis (Sp). Forty-five serious infections were observed in 30 patients, being respiratory (40%) and urinary (8.8%) the most frequent localizations. Only one patient died. By univariate analysis, disease duration, age, concomitan use of glucocorticoids (GC) (but not of synthetic DMARDs), Charlson index and specifically Diabetes Mellitus were associated with infection (p< 0.05). The type of arthritis was not associated and the results in the subset of RA patients were overall similar. In the multivariate analysis the use of GC [OR: 5.31 (188.8.131.52)] and the Charlson index [OR:2.48 (1.70;3.60)] were found to be independently associated to infection.In patients with inflammatory arthritis and treated with TNF inhibitors around a 10% developed any serious infection along three years of follow up. Use of GC and comorbidity emerged as the main risk factors for this complication.None declared


The objective of this research was to characterize Lactobacillus spp., isolated from milk of Etawagoats for local probiotic development. Total of 23 isolates Lactobacillus spp. were tested for resistance tolow pH conditions, high levels of natrium deoxy cholate, and modified gastric juice conditions. Besidesthat, those isolates were also tested to convert cholic acid (CA) into deoxycholic acid (DCA). Isolate thatshowed the most potential properties for local probiotic development was identified by 16S rDNA analysisusing following amplification of this sequence with primers of 27F and 520R). The results showed that 12isolates were found to be resistant to low pH conditions and to high level of NaDC (0.6 mM). Three of them(Lactobacillus spp. GMA46, Lactobacillus spp. GMA47 and Lactobacillus spp. GMA50) did not convertcholic acid into deoxy cholic acid, indicating that they are safe for human use. Lactobacillus spp. GMA46showed better performance in the gastric juice (a model of gastic and intestinal juice containing pepsin andpancreatin enzymes at pH 2, 3 and 4) simulation test. This GMA46 isolate was identified as L. caseiATCC 334 and L. paracasei subsp. tolerans strain NBRC 15906 with 100% similarity, in term of its 16srDNA nucleotide sequence. The results of this research indicate that Lactobacillus sp. GMA46 is anIndonesian potential probiotic strain, isolated from milk of etawa goats


The effects of structural modification on the electronic structure and electron dynamics of cationic meso-(4-pyridyl)-BODIPYs were investigated. A library of 2,6-difunctionalized meso-(4-pyridyl)-BODIPYs bearing various electron-withdrawing substituents was designed, and DFT calculations were used to model the redox properties, while TDDFT was used to determine the effects of functionalization on the excited states. Structural modification was able to restructure the low-lying molecular orbitals to effectively inhibit d-PeT. A new meso-(4-pyridyl)-BODIPY bearing 2,6-dichloro groups was synthesized and shown to exhibit enhanced charge recombination fluorescence. The fluorescence enhancement was determined to be the result of functionalization modulating the kinetics of the excited state dynamics.


The purpose of this paper was to investigate deficiencies in the teaching and learning of financial literacy, which is the accounting part of the subject economic and management sciences in Grade 9 in South Africa. The content knowledge of Grade 9 accounting teachers at rural schools compared to those at urban schools, remains a challenge, as many of the former lack qualifications. Teachers at rural schools are considered to have inadequate content knowledge of accounting, owing to a lack of training and continuous professional development. The sample comprised 89 Grade 9 teachers. The study used secondary data that was collected with a questionnaire on different accounting topics to diagnose the difficulties teachers experience teaching accounting content. The items of the questionnaire were clustered into three constructs: analysis and recording of transactions on the accounting equation, understanding accounting concepts and connections between topics and application of accounting principles, and analysis of transactions in subsidiary journals. The results show that there are deficiencies relating to teachers' content knowledge and competence. This finding suggests that teachers in rural areas should undergo professional development to prepare them to teach learners at rural schools. This development should include establishing professional learning communities for sharing scarce instructional resources between various schools. https://doi.org/10.26803/ijlter.19.8.24


OBJECTIVES
The objective of this paper is to present the results of a biomechanical study of an original system of internal fixation of the anterior cervical spine after discectomy.

MATERIAL AND METHODS
The system includes an intersomatic cage fixed to an anterior plate. The cage is placed in the intersomatic space after discectomy and is fixed to the plate with a screw. The plate is fasted to the vertebral bodies with two screws with an original blocking system. A polyethylene model of vertebral unit was tested after the placement of a 6 mm cage and 32 mm plate with 14 mm screws (plate-cage system). In a series of static studies the stiffness, the strength in the elastic limit and the ultimate or failure strength in extension, flexion, compression and torsion were calculated. The fatigue study was done in extension reaching 2.5 million cycles. The model was studied also in extension with the plate and intersomatic iliac crest grafts (plate-bone system).

RESULTS
The stiffness in extension calculated for the plate-cage system was 4.16 Nm/mm, in flexión 0.56 Nm/mm, in compressión 822 N/mm and in torsión 0.46 Nm/degree. The extension stiffness of the plate-bone system was 4.29 N/mm. The plate-cage system had a strength in the elastic limit of 386.3 N in extension reaching 295 N in the plate-bone system. The ultimate strength in extension for the plate-cage system was 673.3 N and 585 N in the plate-bone system. The strength in the elastic limit and the ultimate strength were 223 N y 336 N in flexion respectively, 1976 N y 3374 N in compression and, finally, 295.7 N y 385 N in torsión. The plate-cage system reached a total of 2.5 million cycles before it broke or began its deformity.

CONCLUSIONS
The results of this biomechanical study are compared in a favourably manner with those obtained in similar experiments for the intact functional cervical unit, Morscher plate and a monoblock plate-cage prototype.


Rolling bearing is key component of rotating machinery and its fault diagnosis is of great significance for reliable operation of machine. In this paper, an intelligent fault diagnosis method of rolling bearing based on FCM clustering of vibration images obtained by EMD-PWVD is presented. Firstly, vibration signals with different fault degrees are transformed into contour time-frequency images by EMD-PWVD. Secondly, vibration images are divided into sections and their energy distribution values are used as image feature. Then, feature vectors are constructed for known signals, which are standardized as inputs of FCM clustering to obtain classification matrix and clustering center. Finally, proximity between tested samples and clustering centers of known samples are calculated to realize identification of bearing faults. Experimental results show that identification accuracy of this proposed method is high. When adding noise, the proposed method is more stable than other vibration images such as grayscale and symmetrical polar coordinate image, and when the added noise with SNR of 5, the reduction rate of identification accuracy is obviously smaller than those of other two methods.


Abstract An additional witness to the Byzantine tradition of application of Psalms for amuletic and other ritual purposes, conventionally termed "magical", in a fifteenth-century codex on medicine and the occult sciences (Bologna, BU Ms. 3632), is edited and translated, and its place in the tradition is considered. Combined with another, indirect witness, references to analogous uses of the Psalms by Theodore Balsamon and Matthew Blastares, this evidence strengthens a recent suggestion of broad popularity for the practice in Byzantium.


Bioinformatics is an emerging field galvanized by intense research in computational and molecular biology. It continues to grow with vast potential for the present and future. As a result, the role of computer science in driving research and results forward remains crucial. Yet this field is barely understood. It is not in the standard domain of course curriculum in many institutions, even at post graduate level. This paper looks at Bioinformatics from the perspectives of Computer Science. In the process, provides entry point and pathways for more active and productive participation. Keywords—Genes, DNA, Sequence,Automata,PTA, SFA, ALERGIA.


V₂O?-doped Karrooite pigments were synthesized by the solid state method to get stabilized brown pigment in oxidation and reduction atmosphere. Optimum substitution condition and limited dopant with V₂O? for. Karrooite pigment was investigated. With calcination at 1250℃~1400℃, compositions were designed varying V₂O? molar ratio by increasing 0.02mole to the formula Mg 1-x Ti 2-x M 2x O? (x = 0.01~0.09 mole). Synthesized pigments were analyzed by XRD, Raman spectroscopy and UV-vis. When V₂O? was doped from 0.01 to 0.05 mole, single phase of Karrooite was observed at temperature 1300℃ and soaking time 4h by Raman spectroscopy. However, it was found that excess VO₂ peak appeared with 0.07 and 0.09 mole of V₂O? doped to MgTi₂O?. This result indicated that the maximum limit of solid solution is 0.05 mole V₂O?. Karrooite pigments were applied as a ceramic pigment to achieve brown colors in lime magnesia glaze and lime barium graze at both of oxidation and reduction atmosphere. CIE color coordinates are L * = 40.34, a * = 9.94, b * = 21.40 in lime magnesia glaze.


Introduction: Current researches suggest that fMRI-Neurofeedback can play an important role for therapeutic purposes, and first successful applications have been demonstrated (for a review see [1]). fMRI-based functional connectivity measures are neurofeedback candidates to treat pathological brain processes in psychiatric and neurological disorders. However, measuring dynamic changes in functional coupling using sliding-window correlation involves a trade-off between the window size, the neurofeedback time, and the reliability of the estimate. In order to investigate how the window size relates to (1) the estimation of correlation and (2) the differentiation between coupling strengths, we run several simulations with known coupling strengths and SNR.


The 1998 Human Rights Act (HRA) has incorporated the European Convention of Human Rights into English law. Undoubtedly, it constitutes a very important event since it purports to create a new system of rights protection. In order to achieve this aim, the act also introduces some norms empowering the courts to review acts of the legislative and executive branches. The main vehicle for this provision is Section 3 of the Act, (1) which establishes a presumption of compatibility between national legislation and rights laid out in the articles of the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR). Such a presumption requires courts to systematically attribute to legislation and executive acts the meaning that is most consistent with the protection of rights. Article 3 has been very controversial, (2) particularly concerning the scope of the power it attributes to the courts.


This study investigated the management challenges in West African higher education.  Descriptive survey research design was adopted for the study.  The population comprised all the Nigerian universities representatives who attended the ASUU National Delegate Conference (NDC) 2014, male and female lecturers totaling 450.  This number 450 was used as sample (incidental sampling technique) since they are manageable.  Three research questions and one null hypothesis guided the study.  Instrument for data collection was a researcher made structured questionnaire which was validated by three(3) experts in Imo State University, Faculty of Education.  The reliability of the instrument was ascertained using test-retest method and Cronback Alpha Analysis, which yielded a coefficient value of r 0.85 that was considered adequate for the study.  The 440 instruments given to respondents who were physically present at lunch brake were collected on the spot.  Mean and standard deviation were used to answer the research questions while t-test statistic was used to test the hypothesis formulated.  A mean of 2.50 served as decision rule.  The findings of the result revealed the major challenges in higher education system, the indicators that proved poor management and ways to overcome the challenges.  Based on the finding, conclusion was drawn and recommendations made.


Based on associated coupling method of the Henon map chaotic systems with different parameters the intermittent control synchronization is studied. A satisfactory result of chaos synchronization is obtained at very low cost of control in the case of appropriate intermittent control period and associated coupling coefficient. The simulation results illustrate its effectiveness.


This study explores the relationship between Accounting Conservatism and Auditing quality at industrial corporations listed in Egyptian stock exchange. The study model examined the relationship between the independent variables of auditing quality characteristics and the dependent variable of accounting conservatism, by applying the multiple regression analysis of data (Ordinary Least Squares OLS) which represents (54) corporations belong to the industrial sector covering  the period 2006-2010.  The study concluded that there was an acceptable level of accounting conservatism in the industrial corporations listed in Egyptian stock exchange, and also an acceptable level of the Auditing quality in Egyptian auditing firms. It was deducted an existence  of a positive impact of accounting conservatism in the industrial corporations listed in Egyptian stock exchange on each of ; international audit firms, the specialty in client's industry,  auditors qualification , and the client retention period . Keywords: Accounting Conservatism, Auditing Quality, Egyptian Industrial corporations.


Religious truths are intertwined with certain historic events, expressed on these occasions or through these events. Also, all laws, rights, customs and institutions described in the Bible bear the mark of the epoch, in which they functioned or were created, but they were gradually improved and acquired theologically appropriate meanings as the Revelation developed. The paper is devoted to the problem of human rights in the Bible, which is analyzed considering the following aspects. First, the author presents a synthetic analysis of human rights contained in different national and international documents on human rights such as "Human rights conventions" and "Declarations of human rights".   (1) Then, the author presents theological interpretation of human rights contained in the Book of Genesis in the descriptions of the creation of man, which constitute the foundation of rights of man described in other books of the Bible. (2) Finally, rights of man in other selected books of the Bible are analyzed. (3) The author is of the opinion that the review and the analysis of human rights contained in different documents such as "Human rights conventions" and in the Bible will allow to perceive and recognize the specifi city and uniqueness of rights of man in the Bible.


The aim of this paper is to test the postulates of the Transaction Cost Theory related to outsourcing activities. In order to cover this goal, the information contained in the Encuesta sobre Estrategias Empresariales (Survey on Business Strategies) yearly carried out by the Spanish Minister of Science and Technology has been employed. A non-balanced panel data set covering 1891 firms between 1994 and 2001 has been used to test our hypothesis. Most of the results confirm the predictions of the Transaction Cost Theory as previous empirical evidence. However, uncertainty shows a different pattern of behavior depending on the economic environment (expansive or recessive). In particular, recessive environments contradict Transaction Cost Theory. This result rises new opportunities for future research in uncertainty valuation.


Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome is a infectious disease caused by reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus.This paper reportsd the serosurvey of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome of our city.The result shows that the positive ratio is 8.97%.This conclusion provides the foundation of prevention and cure on porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome of our city.


Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common inflammatory pruritic dermatosis with heterogeneous clinical presentations and complex pathophysiology. Patient education has been shown to improve outcomes and quality of life in AD patients, who are increasingly using the Internet to obtain health information. However, low health literacy can be a significant barrier to education. The AmericanMedical Association recommends reading material for patients to be at sixth-grade reading level or lower, but the readability and quality of online AD content are unknown. Herein, we evaluated the readability and quality of educational content on AD on the Web. A search was conducted using the terms "atopic dermatitis," "eczema," and "atopic eczema" on Google.com onMay 5, 2020. The first 30 results from each search termwere evaluated. Duplicated results, advertisements, scientific articles, and resources intended for professionals were excluded. Readability was assessed using the 6well-established and validated readability scales (Flesch Reading Ease, Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level, Gunning-Fog Index, SMOG Index, Coleman-Liau Index, and Automated Readability Index), which measure variables such as syllables per word and sentence length. Quality was assessed using the JAMA Benchmark and DISCERN instrument. The JAMA Benchmark uses the 4 criteria to evaluate Web site quality: authorship, attribution (eg, references), disclosure (eg, mention of potential conflicts of interest), and currency (eg, whether the Web site is dated). The DISCERN instrument (with 16 items) analyzes reliability and overall quality of written health information. Two authors independently reviewed Web sites for the DISCERN scores; discrepancies within 1 point were averaged, and discrepancies greater than 2 points were discussed to consensus. Timeliness of a Web site was assessed by whether dupilumab (Food and Drug Administration approved in 2017) was mentioned. A total of 90 Web sites were reviewed, and 31 met inclusion criteria (Table 1). Readability analysis showed that all included online AD health resources exceeded the recommended sixthgrade reading level, with mean grade levels ranging from 7.2


PURPOSE: A dialog type remote controller using mirroring and a control method thereof are provided to control a smart device by touch or voice by effectively implementing mirroring by using a frame buffer in the smart device implemented by using an Android platform. CONSTITUTION: A mirroring transmission and reception unit(200) compresses video data extracted from a frame buffer of a smart device and converts the scale of the data. The mirroring transmission and reception unit transmits a mirror image to a remote controller. The mirroring transmission and reception unit transmits the control signal of the remote controller to a corresponding application of the smart device. The remote controller displays the mirror image received from the mirroring transmission and reception unit. A remote controller terminal transmits a control signal for a user interface of the corresponding application to the mirroring transmission and reception unit by receiving control by a user. [Reference numerals] (100) Smart TV; (112) System application(based on android); (118) Synthesis; (120) Frame buffer; (122) LCD buffer; (124) Display(LCD); (126) Tuner; (128) Broadcasting screen; (200) Mirroring transmission and reception unit; (210) Reception unit; (212) Parsing unit; (220) Remote controller buffer; (222) Compressor; (224) Scale conversion unit; (226) Transmission unit; (AA) From the remote controller; (BB) To the remote controller


This paper presents a modified design based on thermal characterisation of the membrane of microbolometer based infrared detectors. According to theoretical calculations the thermal conductance should be of the order of 10 -5 W/K for 100pm x 100pm membrane size with the hinges of length 2pm whereas our experimental results show that it is of the order of 10 -7 W/K. These results are explained on the basis of reduced value of the thermal conductivity of thin films compared to their bulk value. A model has been presented to explain the results.


This discussion explores the state of research into sex and sexuality for disabled people and reflects upon how research methodologies can be developed to include disabled people, both as researchers and participants.


To determine usual practice and extent of training received by United Kingdom (UK) vascular surgery trainees in microbiological sampling for toe amputations in diabetic patients.

 A prospective online survey was distributed via social media networks and trainee organisations. All vascular surgery trainees in the UK were invited to participate. A total of 29 responses were included in the analysis.

 86% of respondents have been trained in toe amputations during registrar training. 66% have not been taught which samples to send for microbiological analysis. 10% receive regular training reviews in toe amputations. There is significant variability in the types of samples sent by trainees for microbiological analysis and the majority of trainees did not know how their samples are processed in the laboratory.

 Toe amputations appear to be a neglected aspect of training for UK vascular surgery registrars. Lack of consistency in microbiological sampling techniques may prevent optimum antimicrobial stewardship and therefore increase the risk of further complications including major amputation. Inclusion of diabetic foot sepsis as a critical condition in the new vascular surgery curriculum may help to address this issue. A national consensus needs to be reached on how microbiological samples should be taken and processed in order for trainees to be taught in a consistent manner.


Human body composition variations in some athletes of Fujian Normal University are tested.Results show that before competition,the compositions indices in high-level athletes of Fujian Normal University bear features unique to them when compared with PE major students.But the differences diminish after half an year.The paper is aimed at addressing some questions on muscle training,nutrition and teaching training.


On November 26, 2021, Mr. Aaron Shull, Managing Director and General Counsel at the Centre for International Governance Innovation (CIGI), presented on Reimaging a Canadian National Security Strategy at the 2021 CASIS West Coast Security Conference. The presentation was followed by a question and answer period with questions from the audience and CASIS Vancouver executives. The key points discussed included CIGI's new project to address Canada's national security strategy gap and what it will take to accomplish the goals that could derive from the recommendations provided.


Abstract Recent population-based studies have shown declines in dementia prevalence in high-income countries, suggesting that improved population cardiovascular health and rising levels of education in the past 25 year were associated with reduction of dementia risks. However, in the US, there are variations in educational attainment, prevalence and management of chronic diseases, and behaviors associated with poor cardiovascular health among racial and ethnic groups. We performed a retrospective analysis of 3,495 older individuals (65+) in 2016 who participated in Harmonized Cognitive Assessment Protocol (HCAP) subsample of the Health and Retirement Study (HRS), to examine racial/ethnic differences in risk and protective factors associated with dementia and cognitive impairment. Linking HCAP to HRS, we traced individuals back to 2000 and created a longitudinal data of HCAP population (2000-2016). We found that racial/ethnic differences in risk and in protective factors throughout the life-course were associated with racial and ethnic disparities in dementia prevalence.


To establish a method for the separation and content determination of Ginkgetin in Testa of Ginkgo biloba L..Methods:Biflavonoids was separated from Testa of Ginkgo biloba L.by TLC.The developing solvent consisted of chloroform,benzene,acetone and methane acid(3:5:1.5:1.5).The content determination of Biflavonoids in Testa of Ginkgo biloba L.was by HPLC.Results:The Biflavonoids in Ttesta of Ginkgo biloba L.were separated well by TLC.Conclusion:The method is fast,reliable,accurate and can be used in the separation and content determination of Biflavonoids in Testa of Ginkgo biloba L..


We study the relationship between choice homophily in instrumental relationships and individual performance in knowledge-intensive organizations. Although homophily should make it easier for people to get access to some colleagues, it may also lead to neglecting relationships with other colleagues, reducing the diversity of information people access through their network. Using data on instrumental ties between bonus-eligible employees in the equity sales and trading division of a global investment bank, we show that the relationship between an employee's choice of similar colleagues and the employee's performance is contingent on the position this employee occupies in the formal and informal hierarchy of the bank. More specifically, homophily is negatively associated with performance for bankers in the higher levels of the formal and informal hierarchy whereas the association is either positive or nonexistent for lower hierarchical levels.


In the authors' previous work (1998), the advantages of a continuous pattern approach versus a discrete pattern (homogeneous zones) were shown. In that paper, the training fields were introduced in a supervised way. This paper carries this research line further, developing a non-supervised version. Their aim is to extract the spectral classes and their spatial pattern. The test bed consisted of images acquired by the Thematic Mapper (TM) sensor on board the Landsat V satellite.


Editor – We welcome the excellent review of head injury in the elderly[1][1] in a recent edition of your journal. The important point is made that head injury often occurs from a standing height in older adults, however so too does cervical spine fracture.[2][2] Indeed, the Canadian C-spine rules


These are days in which words such as CO2 emissions, global warming, depletion of raw materials, climate change, etc. are terms that mean environmental and social concern to be solved for the whole world community. Nowadays, through a systemic planned management is luckily possible to improve, albeit in part, environmental criticisms in particular by acting on the efficiency of logistics flows of materials (input) of business processes. The positive benefits of systemic acting/thinking/designing are given substance thanks to a greater traceability of materials and packaging components and their suppliers, as well as a higher quality of the entire supply-chain and a significant reduction of CO2 emissions and logistics costs. The systemic methodology (here presented via a specific case study: an Italian zootechnical firm) promotes precisely this kind of management by creating new networks in which local companies/suppliers, geographically close one another, work together to achieve economic and environmental benefits both immediate and tangible. In the end, by putting into practice the systemic methodology, it is also fostered the best use of resources already on site and the promotion of the local economy by exploiting territorial potentialities.


albus was used for infection. The results are compared with previous studies (Green and Kass, 1964b) obtained with a coagulase positive strain of Staphyloccus aureus (FDA phage type The infective aerosol was obtained by culturing the organisms for 16 hr. in a shaker water bath at 37°, centrifuging an aliquot of the culture, and resuspending the pellet in phosphate buffer pH 7-4 to give a final concentration of 2-5 x 109 bacteria per ml. in the nebulizer.


The compound [Pt3(µ-CO)3{P(C6H11)3}3] reacts with 3 and 5 mol of 2,6-xylyl isocyanide, CNC8H9, to give [Pt3(µ-CO)(µ-CNC8H9)2(CNC8H9){P(C6H11)3}2](1) and [Pt3(µ-CNC8H9)3(CNC8H9)2{P(C6H11)3}](2) respectively. The molecular structures of both compounds have been determined by single-crystal X-ray techniques using diffractometer data. Compound (1) crystallises in the monoclinic space group P21/n with four units of formula [Pt3(µ-CO)(µ-CNC8H9)2(CNC8H9)-{P(C6H11)3}2]·0.5C6H6in a cell of dimensions a= 15.431(5), b= 15.810(3), c= 28.489(19)A, and β= 95.22(4)° and (2) in the monoclinic space group P21/a with four formula units in a cell of dimensions a= 16.412(2), b= 18.444(2), c= 24.383(2)A, and β= 90.155(9)°. The structures of both molecules are approximately equilateral triangles of Pt atoms with Pt–Pt distances in the range 2.618(1)–2.654(1)A. The bonded ligand atoms are approximately coplanar with the metal triangles and 31P-{1H} and 195Pt-{1H} n.m.r. studies suggest that both solid-state structures are retained in solution. When intermediate mol ratios of isocyanide were added to [Pt3(µ-CO)3{P(C6H11)3}3] then mixtures of (1), (2), and starting material only were obtained. No evidence for the formation of symmetrical products of the type [Pt3(µ-CNC8H9)3{P(C6H11)3}3] was obtained. Examination of the molecular structures of (1) and (2) has formed a basis for rationalising the observed stoicheiometries. The bridging isocyanide ligands are severely bent about the nitrogen atoms and their steric requirements are incompatible with the presence of P(C6H11)3ligands on both of the metal atoms being bridged. Consequently, replacement of bridging CO by the isocyanide labilises an adjacent terminal P(C6H11)3ligand. Compound (2) has also been synthesised by sodium-amalgam reduction of [Pt(CO)Cl2{P(C6H11)3}] in the presence of an excess of isocyanide ligand.


Doubly asymptotic approximations have been found to offer significant advantages for the treatment of steady‐state fluid‐structure interaction in vibration, acoustic‐radiation, and acoustic‐scattering problems for complex submerged structures. This paper describes the theoretical foundations, development, and verification of two boundary‐element/finite‐element processors that implement this approach. The first processor is SWEEPS, which determines the structural response of and surface pressure on a vibrating submerged body using an iterative, incremental frequency technique for computational efficiency. The second is TARGET, which embodies a discretized form of the Helmholtz integral equation to obtain fluid pressures away from the body. To test these processors, two problems involving a spherical shell in an infinite fluid have been solved. The first problem is one of modal internal forcing; while the second is concerned with forcing by incident plane waves. The computational results exhibit excellent a...


We have investigated electrical-transport, magneto-transport, magnetic and thermal properties of the hole doped La0.7Ca0.24Sr0.06MnO3 (LCSMO) and La0.88Ca0.12MnO3 (LCMO) single crystals, prepared using floating zone technique. The crystallographic direction dependence of metal to insulator transition (TP) occurs at 290 K along c-axis and TP = 280 K along ab-plane for LCSMO single crystal, while no electronic transition was observed over the whole temperature range under the magnetic field at 8 T for LCMO single crystal. Resistivity study shows that the TP is higher along the c-axis as compared to that in the ab-plane, so signifying more favorable hoping of electrons is along the c-axis in LCSMO. The ac-susceptibility study confirms that these crystals, revealing ferromagnetic to paramagnetic transition temperature (TC) at 277 K for LCSMO and TC = 118 K for LCMO single crystals, which is close to the sharp peak around TC in heat capacity data. For magneto-electric device application point of view, these cr...


A procedure is developed for the numerical simulation of stagnation-free inviscid supersonic and hypersonic flows about waveriders with sharp leading edges. The numerical approach involves the development of a specialized grid generator (named HYGRID), an algebraic solution-adaptive grid scheme, and a modified flow solving method. A comparison of the results obtained for several waverider geometries with exact solutions, other numerical solutions, and experimental results demonstrated the ability of the new procedure to produce stagnation-free Euler solutions about sharp-edged configurations and to describe the physics of the flow in these regions.


Today,electro-equipments have been applied abroad in various fields of our life.As a result of the miniaturization and integration of these equipments,the Electro Magnetic Interference(EMI) has become a severe problem.The international organizations have put forward a series of regulations to demand electro-equipments accord with strict technical rulers.The manufactures which accord with these regulations are acknowledged to be of Electromagnetic Compatibility(EMC).The EMC means the adaptability of equipment in the circumstance of electromagnetism.In order to satisfies the technical requirements of EMC,the screen-technique is adopted abroad in electro-equipments and systems.This thesis tries to discuss the currently concepts and techniques.


Is direct-to-consumer (DTC) advertising a gold mine or mine field for pharmaceutical manufacturers? It seems to be a little of both. Consumerism has proliferated in recent decades, as the public has sought more information about health care, medications, and medical issues in general. The General Accounting Office (GAO) estimated that at least 8.5 million Americans each year request and receive prescriptions for specific drugs after seeing or hearing advertisements for these products.1 Proponents of DTC advertising argue that it gives consumers the information they need to discuss treatment options with their physicians and can play an important role in improving health care. Opponents are concerned that these ads are misleading, that they fail to communicate risks, that they lead to drug overuse, and that their costs elevate drug prices — thereby adding to the costs of prescription drugs and fueling the rising cost of health care.1 In 1999, the first lawsuit was brought against a pharmaceutical company in connection with DTC advertising. Other cases have followed, with a significant impact on pharmaceutical product liability law. Civil liability has emerged from DTC advertisements of prescription drugs in print, broadcast, promotional, and cyberspace materials. Proposed legislative or regulatory limitations on DTC advertising have raised both First Amendment and public policy issues.


Conducting polymers have been investigated for long time to be used as soft actuators or artificial muscles. Such actuators' performance highly depends on electro-chemo-mechanical properties of these polymers. The present work aims to study the tensile strength of bilayer and trilayer free standing films with PEDOT and PPy polymers. Bilayer (PEDOT/PPy) and tri-layer (PPy/PEDOT/PPy) composite films were electrochemically prepared in galvanostatic mode and the tensile strength measurements on such polymer films were performed using the force-displacement setup. The tensile strength of a trilayer (10 m/ 2 m / 10 m), bilayer (10 m/ 2 m) and single PPy (20 m) polymer strips seems to be different with the type of the films used. The obtained tensile strengths were 25.5, 24 and 22.5 MPa for the trilayer, bilayer and PPy strips respectively. There was a slight increase in the tensile strength values when PEDOT was combined with PPy as multi-layer films. On the other hand, the maximum strain at fracture is 15 % for these multilayer films, whereas it is about 12 % for a single PPy film.


Ecological coevolution refers to the simultaneous evolution of two or more species with inter-species assessment.The essence to apply coevolution in genetic algorithms is to change the way to evaluate individuals.Standard genetic algorithms evaluate individuals by their chromosomes,independent of other individuals in the evolutionary system.Coevolutionary algorithms evaluate individuals by their performance relative to others.According the way to evaluate individuals,the applications of coevolution in genetic algorithms are generally divided into two categories:Competitive Coevolution Algorithm(Comp-CEA)and Cooperative Coevolutionary Algorithm(Coop-CEA).Comp-CEA assesses individuals by their competitive performance in relation to evaluators.Coop-CEA assesses individuals by their cooperative performance relative to cooperators.This paper commented on the main ideas of Comp-CEA and Coop-CEA and the relevant key skills.


Integrating multiple features content-based image retrieval can overcome the problems of single feature,but how to organize these features and feature representation methods are difficult in image retrieval.An automatic feature weight assignment approach based on genetic algorithm is proposed.First the problem of weight assignment is changed into optimization problem,then genetic algorithm is used for finding the optimization weight in order to get the best retrieval results.The experimental results show that the recall and precision of this proposed approach is better.This approach is robust to various kinds of features and feature representation methods,and it can get the best feature combination for image retrieval.


Education implies systematic instruction, schooling or training of people so that they are able to meet challenges of the environment they live in, and be able to contribute positively in solving problems to build a better society. Science education is usually equated with education in the area of natural and physical sciences, but in modern day society it includes important aspects of social sciences. Education at academic institutions of higher learning must go hand in hand with research—an activity aimed at discovering new things. While the academic institutions engage in pioneering studies in basic or applied research, industrial research labs are required to shape this pioneering work into products to be used by the society. Technological progress implies a process of breaking through obstacles, and producing new things and eliminating the old.


A 13 year adolescent boy presented with complaints of progressive loss of speech and seizure disorder for the past 1 year. The boy was developmently normal before the onset of illness. There was history of subtle trauma to head. He started communicating with signs followed by paucity of speech progressed to complete aphasia and abnormal behavior in the form of burst of aggressiveness and hyperactivity. Boy had partial, generalized tonic-clonic seizures occurred during sleep. Mental status examination revealed abnormal behaviour, attention deficits, auditory agnosia and aphasia (both expressive and receptive). All relevant investigations including BERA were normal. EEG showed repetitive spikes and wave activity in bilateral parietooccipital regions during nonrapid eye movement. Clinical features and EEG led to a diagnosis of Landau Kleffner Syndrome. He was started on Lamotrigine, steroid and speech therapy. The boy started showing improvement of symptoms in form of understanding of short sentences. Key words: Landau Kleffner Syndrome; EEG; Seizures DOI: 10.3126/jnps.v31i1.3543 J Nep Paedtr Soc 2010;31(1):57-60


In article results of bench tests of the tire of the extra-low pressure according to its influence on ground are resulted. It is established, that on ecological parameters the given tire meets the requirements for operation during the early spring period on ground with low bearing capacity


Aim of Study: To analyze over a period of 2 years, the demographi cs such as age, sex, distribution, occupation, the site of involvement, symptomatology and prognosis of the most frequent benign lesions of larynx. Materials and Methods: 50 patients presenting with hoarseness of voice and diagnosed with benign lesion of larynx in ENT OPD of Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Medical College and Hospital were included in the study after taking their consent and the st udy was carried out for a period of 2 years between October 2013 to September 2015. Results: In this study, it was noted that males were predominantly involved, maximum incidence between 3 1-40 years. Business men among males and housewives among females were commonly involved. Bilateral vocal cor d nodule was the most common benign lesion of laryn x, others included vocal cord polyp (both unilateral and bila ter l) and Reinke's edema. Most important predispos ing factor was being vocal abuse in all the cases. Treatment given included speech therapy, medical management and ML S according to the diagnosis and patients were followed up for six months. 41.18% of patients with bilateral vocal co rd nodule, 50% of patients with bilateral vocal cord polyp, 50% of pa tients with right vocal cord nodule, 75% of patient s with left vocal cord polyp, 42.86% of patients with right vocal cor d polyp and 100% of patient's with Reinke's edema w ere normal at follow up. Conclusion: It was observed that vocal abuse was the most commo n predisposing factor for benign lesions of larynx and a multi modality treatment is necessary including medical, surgical and speech therapy to p revent recurrence.


.2 review is given on the use of the coupled-channel method to calculate the electronic and ~iuclear energy loss of ions penetrating the matter. This first principie calculation based on an expansion of the time dependent electronic wavefunction in terms of atomic orbitals lias been applied to evaluate the impact parameter dependence of the electronic energy loss, the stopping cross-section and the fluctuation in energy loss of ions colliding with H and IIe atoms at energies of 10keV/amu to 500keV/amu. The results have been compared to c.xperimenta1 data as well as to others existing models e.g., local density approximation in an electron gas target, harmonic oscillator target treatment and first order plane-wave-Born


The gamma‐ray source Geminga (2CG195+04) has been observed in the energy range (0.15–4) MeV with the FIGARO II experiment on July 9th, 1990, during a transmediterranean balloon flight. The data were folded at the period value derived from the recent EGRET ephemeris. The resulting light curve shows a broad peak (phase width ∼0.3) in the energy range (0.15–0.48) MeV. The change occurrence probability turns out to be about 2.8 gaussian standard deviations.


The Savart-Plate Lateral-shearing Interferometric Nuller for Exoplanets (SPLINE) is a kind of a visible nulling coronagraph for directly detecting exoplanets. The SPLINE consists of two crossed polarizers and a Savart plate placed between them. Theoretically the SPLINE realizes perfect cancellation of starlight. However, achievable contrast is limited by residual stellar speckles due to wavefront aberration caused by imperfect optical surfaces of the optical elements. For reducing the residual stellar speckles of the SPLINE, we propose a speckle nulling technique using a Liquid-Crystal Spatial Light Modulator (LCSLM) to create a dark hole. For the speckle nulling, we apply the Self-Coherent Camera (SCC) technique to the SPLINE for wavefront sensing in the focal plane. We report our recent progress on computer simulation and preliminary laboratory experiments of the speckle nulling technique applied to the SPLINE.


In 1927, an entry was registered in the Golden Book of the Jewish National Fund (JNF) in honor of Dr. Angel Pulido Fernandez, who "worked for the Jewish people and especially for the Spanish exiles". Dr. Pulido visited the cities of northern Morocco again in April 1921 and was received royally by the members of the Jewish communities there. Yet, it turns out from the text inscribed in the JNF Golden Book that this initiative was a local one and not a gesture by any official Jewish organization toward Senator Pulido. In any event, it is doubtful whether he was aware of this expression of gratitude by the "Jewish people and especially from the exiles from Spain", graphically represented by inscription in the JNF Golden Book. He published scientific studies on medicine, particularly social medicine; alongside speeches, law proposals, and parliamentary activity.Keywords: Angel Pulido Fernandez; Jewish National Fund (JNF); Spanish


Abstract : The overall objectives of the present work are to investigate mechanisms of chemical reactions which give rise to electronically excited molecular oxygen and to determine factors responsible for its deactivation in solution, thereby providing the means for optimization of gaseous singlet oxygen formation by homogeneous reaction. Studies have focused upon hypochlorite oxidation of hydrogen peroxide, this reaction having been shown to yield substantial amounts of singlet molecular oxygen . Inasmuch as the redox kinetics were not well-characterized, we have undertaken a thorough analysis of the rate behavior and reaction stoichiometry. Where tractable, measurement of singlet oxygen yields by the various reaction pathways has been made using chemical trapping agents selective for singlet oxygen.(Author)


The study of spirituality seems never to stop giving humans an understanding of the concept of self and divinity. Discussions about spirituality entered a crucial period marked by the success of science and technology in revealing non-rational secrets that were difficult to solve in the past. This paper aims to discover the importance of spiritual maturity on brain health. This research approach is qualitative with the technical method is literature study. This study indicates that researchers still have not recognized the importance of spiritual maturity essential for brain health. However, the interest of scientists on this issue is increasing and getting various responses from various groups.


The traditional papermaking technique of ancient method is confronted with the problem of difficult inheritance. In order to enable the public to experience or learn the ancient papermaking technology with the help of virtual platform and make the ancient papermaking technology have more possibilities for future development, the VR experience project of ancient papermaking technology is designed and planned through data collection, virtual scene production, digital interactive design and other steps by means of integrating disciplines. It can retain the integrity of the information of ancient papermaking technology to the greatest extent, provide a safe, efficient and green simulation learning platform, rapidly promote the traditional ancient papermaking culture in a large range, enrich the presentation of ancient papermaking materials and predict the future development direction.


The aim of higher vocational business English education is to cultivate students' ability to apply English,so the traditional English teaching model has not already adapted to the English teaching target.However,Dewey's "learning by doing" theory coincides with the current higher vocational business English teaching,therefore,the theory is imperative in higher vocational colleges.


Development of sustainable tourism should not only concern on the environmental protection such as energy conservation and emissions reduction in the process of tourism,but more attention should be paid to the treatment of 'sub health' in itself.LOHAS tourism——a kind of ideological trend rooted in the anti-consumerism is reflection of enjoyable traditional tourism in the postmodern society.Many scholars abroad have carried on researches on LOHAS tourism in related fields,already gained abundant and mature achievements theoretically and practically.LOHAS was a trend of times and becomes a new power to promote social development by affecting multiple levels such as social,political,cultural and environmental terms.However,domestic researches on LOHAS come out lately and few achievements were attained.These studies were more active in business and marketing fields than in academic research fields,let alone the attempts to link it with tourism.Therefore,this article analyzed the nine factors of LOHAS tourism,and compared it with traditional tourism/Low-carbon tourism,then developed that LOHAS had characteristics of health and inclusiveness.Low-carbon which was based on energy conservation and emissions reduction attached importance on the environment,but LOHAS tourism which was based on the personal health emphasizes more on mankind itself.By the way of advocation of healthy tourism consumption concept,the development of industrial-chain and suitable marketing,LOHAS tourism could guide human to change their past tourism tradition and establish new tourism pattern in terms of environment and human-centered.In conclusion,Low-carbon tourism and LOHAS tourism were two concepts that come down in one continuous line.


To describe the macro safety situation of electric power information network in real-time,an hierarchical threat situation evaluation method is proposed and implemented.This method adopt the gray clustering analysis to categorize the damage degree as strong medium,weak in total 3 types,based on which the principle layer of the analytic hierarchy process is designed.According to the evaluation index system of the structure layer of analytic hierarchy process,the weight of the cyber-threat is confirmed.And the cyber-threat situation value can be obtained by the weighted summation of each cyber-threat weight and its real-time occurrence frequency,which reports the real-time safety situation of the electric power network.The final experiment and system operation shows that,this method may effectively describe the safety situation of electric power network and be helpful for the development of safety and protection level.


This paper gave an analysis of Deng Xiaoping's development theory, a theoretical system on the development of Chinese socialism, which includes environment, strategy, drive, means, quality, security and assessment in development.


The purpose of this paper is to analyze the development and outbreak of a crisis in a high-priority project within a large organization.,Single-case study using extreme case sampling, a type of purposeful sampling, because this case provides rich information on a rare research opportunity: a project crisis that emerged during the fieldwork. Research data are semi-structured interviews, observations, project and organization documentation, logbook, notes and memos.,The paper shows the relevance of notions from organizational crisis management to an internal crisis in a temporary setting. This allowed a deeper understanding of crisis development. The paper reveals the wealth of meaningful, transparent data that can be collected when a crisis emerges. It highlights the high potential of project crises to reveal parent organizations' dysfunctions. Indeed, findings suggest that the parent organization's usual project management practices greatly contributed to the crisis affecting this project, which was unusually large and complex.,The main potential limitation relates to transferability. However, a single-case study is appropriate when it represents a rare phenomenon that is not easily accessible for researchers – a crisis outbreak.,Results can provide insights enabling practitioners to improve their understanding of the ambiguous, stressful situations created by a crisis.,The results show the relevance of notions from organizational crisis management to the development of a project crisis and demonstrate the potentially harmful impact of a parent organization's "usual" practices, especially on "unusually" large and complex projects.


The paper justifies a need for updating the existing methods of preliminary appraisal of investments in information systems. Also, the classification of existing methods is given and their assessment criteria are specified. The article presents the analysis of available methods and their disadvantages are emphasized. The way of their elimination is suggested.


Through a rereading of Heschel's essay "No Religion Is an Island," I will highlight his conceptual and methodological contribution, as well as address the issue of Heschel's legacy and how it continues to challenge us. As one who follows in Heschel's footsteps I shall move between a description of Heschel and his theoretical contribution and the realities, challenges, and work that lies ahead of us, now and in the future.  This may be compared to a thicket of reeds which no man could enter, for whoever entered therein lost his way. What did a certain clever man do? He cut down [some reeds] and entered, then cut down more and penetrated further; thus he entered through the clearing and went out; then all began to enter through his clearing.


High-altitude and long-runout landslides, commonly forming chains of secondary disasters, frequently occur in the Yigong Zangbo Basin, which has a complex geologic background. Identifying the potential hazards posed by disaster chains plays a vital role in assessing geohazards. Analysis of the potential hazards related to a landslide that occurred on 9 April 2000, in Tibet, China, known as the Yigong landslide, is studied using remote sensing technology and numerical simulations. Due to the warming of the climate, more extreme dry–wet cycles, and frequent earthquakes, the Yigong landslide area became extremely fragile and more sensitive to perturbations. Based on multiphase optical remote sensing and InSAR (Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar) technology, risk monitoring and identification of the Yigong landslide was conducted. The results show that there are two displacement deformation areas. These areas have a maximum displacement deformation rate of 60 mm/year and a maximum accumulative displacement of 160 mm and are likely to reoccur. Additionally, the risks of deformation areas collapsing and blocking the river, which would likely form a disaster chain, were analyzed by prediction simulation based on the numerical back-analysis associated with the 2000 Yigong landslide. The results show that if only one displacement deformation area collapses, the maximum accumulation height would reach 76 m; if the displacement deformation areas both collapse, the maximum accumulation height would reach 106 m. Both conditions would set off disaster chains resulting in river blockages and subsequent flood disasters. Therefore, this work demonstrates that prediction analysis based on remote sensing technology and numerical simulations are effective methods for identifying potential geohazards.


The main purpose of this brief study is to show the importance of international humanitarian law, in particular the Geneva Conventions of 1949 and their Additional Protocols of 1977, for internally displaced persons, i.e. persons displaced within their own country, and to refugees, i.e. persons who have fled their country. Not only does this body of international law protect them when they are victims of armed conflict, but its rules — if scrupulously applied — would make it possible to avoid the majority of displacements.


This paper presents a series of trials of direct detection of the transition process of a squeeze film, from the contacting state into the floating one. The material was initially placed on the surface of a vibrator constituting a squeeze air film. Three electrical trials were performed to certify whether the material could be elevated after the vibrator was excited. When this is done, clearance is expected between the surfaces of the test material and the vibrator. This may be regarded as the equivalent of a change in electrical resistance from almost zero to infinity, with a kind of parallelplate capacitor being formed. First, detection through DC current was carried out. The experimental result, however, reveals that the resistance never does become infinite although the equivalent contacting area calculated from this value is very small. Second, detection through DC voltage was performed by terminating the clearance with parallel resistance. The experimental results verify the appearance of the floating state. Third, the average clearance could be detected by regarding it as a parallel-plate type capacitor. Here a Langevin type piezoelectric transducer was used as the vibrator. Through these experimental results an important fact was observed : the waveform of the voltage applied to the transducer is closely related to the movement of the clearance in the time domain.


Significant boost to the development of international trade in the past two decades came through the development of the supply chain concept which drew on the multinational companies providing the participants more reliable relationships in effecting trade transactions. Also, this concept provided a huge migration to the open account transactions causing the classical payment instruments to decline both in number and volume. The recent economic downturn and resulting credit crisis prompted the initiatives for new payment solutions that will avert the risks in payment transaction simultaneously providing the improvement of corporate liquidity through the optimization of working capital management and cash conversion cycle, as well as the reduction of costs through the rationalization of billing and invoice reconciliation processes. These initiatives are based on the new solutions provided by SWIFT in coordination with the International Chamber of Commerce, Paris - the new solutions being the Trade Services Utility (TSU) and Bank Payment Obligation (BPO).


Tracking the change in electronic structure of target elements is crucial to investigate the nature of redox reactions occurring in battery electrodes. X-ray emission spectroscopy (XES) and x-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) perform this role well with high sensitivity and throughput, but the requisite of synchrotron facilities often limits those availability for material characterization.
 Using a lab-scale x-ray emission/absorption spectrometer, we investigated the changes in the local structure and chemistry around the 3d transition metal elements of LiMO2 cathodes for Li-ion batteries as a function of the battery state of charge (SoC). Ex situ measurement was prepared from the electrode samples with discrete difference in SoC. Coupled with ex situ measurement, operando measurement was performed using pouch cells with LiMO2 cathode, which enabled a real-time monitoring of chemical shift in an element-specific manner resulted from changing electrode potential.
 Through the XES mode of the bench-top spectrometer, fluorescence emissions from the LiMO2 cathode, or the cell containing it, was monochromatized by a spherically bent crystal analyzer (SBCA). The Kβ emissions of 3d transition metal elements such as cobalt display position/shape difference of spectrum with varying SoC. The trend of chemical shift and change in spectral features provided the information on the electronic structure variation, such as oxidation state change of 3d transition metals in LiMO2 during charge and discharge (i.e., delithiation and lithiation). Furthermore, valence-to-core (VtC) emission signals helped enable in-depth analysis such as spin structure characterization.
 In addition to the XES analysis, we could measure K-edge XAFS for the same 3d transition metals in LiMO2 as well. In the XAFS mode of the spectrometer, SBCA monochromatized bremsstrahlung x-ray generated from a high-power x-ray tube is used to make an incident source energy-dispersive. While Kβ XES probed occupied levels, K-edge XAFS examined unoccupied levels providing comprehensive understanding on the change in electronic structure of 3d transition metals in LiMO2.

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This thesis developed semi-parametric regression models for estimating the spatio-temporal distribution of outdoor airborne ultrafine particle number concentration (PNC). The models developed incorporate multivariate penalised splines and random walks and autoregressive errors in order to estimate non-linear functions of space, time and other covariates.

The models were applied to data from the "Ultrafine Particles from Traffic Emissions and Child" project in Brisbane, Australia, and to longitudinal measurements of air quality in Helsinki, Finland. The spline and random walk aspects of the models reveal how the daily trend in PNC changes over the year in Helsinki and the similarities and differences in the daily and weekly trends across multiple primary schools in Brisbane. Midday peaks in PNC in Brisbane locations are attributed to new particle formation events at the Port of Brisbane and Brisbane Airport.


The gains of D2D communication have been highlighted in literature although these gains may not be fully explored when only direct communication scenarios are considered. In situations where the nature of source — destination link may not allow direct communication, the introduction of a relay can enhance the communication. Introduction of relays between sender and receiver nodes can improve D2D communication when the link suffers impairment. In this work we model the relay selection problem as stable matching market having two separate sets viz. a set of D2D pairs and a set of idle users that are available as relays. In constructing the preference lists of each set we have chosen separate criteria for populating the preference lists of members of the relay sets and members of the D2D set so that the relays maximize their incentive in the process of offering to relay information for D2D pairs. Channel uncertainties are also introduced in the source — relay links and relays — destination links. Our stable matching based algorithm performs better than a random selection algorithm, best source — relay link and best relay — destination link based selection algorithms.


This paper introduces the connotation and background of big data and analysis the opportunities and challenges logistics enterprises confront in CRM; it looks into the CRM status of domestic logistics enterprises, analyzes the applicable fields of big data in logistics and proposes a way to promote CRM efficiency with big data technology.


Biological materials, such as isolated protein networks, tissues and living cells are extremely heterogeneous and contain structures on length scales from nanometers to hundreds of microns. Their complex geometries and sensitivity to environmental conditions make traditional measurements of structure and mechanics difficult, challenging experimenters to develop new techniques. In this work, we present the design of a novel microscope-based static light scattering instrument, and demonstrate its usefulness by studying striated and smooth muscle and skin. We measure the twodimensional scattering patterns, and find that tissue structure can give rise to strong anisotropies, which can be used to identify specific classes of tissues. We also report the development of multiple particle tracking techniques, using the thermal movements of colloids that have been embedded in soft complex materials to measure local viscoelastic response. These measurements require only tens of microliters of material, making them particularly useful for studying biological samples that are difficult to obtain in large quantities, or inherently small like living cells. For materials that are homogenous on the length scale of the probe particle, these thermal movements have been previously shown to be a direct measure of the macroscopic linear frequency-


Abstract: PC user interface should be enough easy to use because recently all people has a chance to use PC. We think, in addition, an another important role of user interface is to interest novice users in PC. In these points, character interface which uses anthropomorphized CG character as a PC agent is a remarkable method. In this paper, we propose new concept about PC agent which uses physical character making interaction between real world and cyber space. We also describe a prototyping system "Desktop Mascot", then make a study of merits and demerits of a physical PC agent through a user experience.


In this work we present a SiGe D-Band Low Noise Amplifier (LNA) for radiometric applications near the water absorption line at 183 GHz. The LNA covers the frequency range near 188 GHz with a peak gain of 23 dB and a minimum noise figure of 10.5 dB. Space hardening techniques are also presented in order to mitigate the LNA performance variation due to orbital changes and therefore, to achieve a more stable and constant sensitivity, NETD, of the radiometer. First, a current sensor is designed for bias changes monitoring caused by radiation. The reference voltages of the bias circuits are left as tuning-knobs to compensate the effect of radiation. Furthermore, this bias circuit also compensates the temperature dependence of the LNA. The gain variation is reduced from 11 dB to 2 dB and the NETD is keeped below 0.4. Thanks to these techniques a complete self-healing system could be implemented if they were extended with a processing block.