An apparatus for purifying sewage/wastewater is provided to remove non-degradable organic materials and suspended materials included in sewage/wastewater and to remove a plurality of bad smell materials(nitrogen and phosphorus) generated in each process over 90%. An apparatus for purifying sewage/wastewater contains: a microorganism contact tub(16) having a rotating contact(18) including a net typed rotator consisting of a body portion made of synthetic fiber and formed into a sector flat type, a first condensing part formed with a saran latex, a spacer insertion part passing so that the body portion and the first condensing part are corresponded and a second condensing part formed with the saran latex; an aerated liquid circulating pump(68) circulating a part of the sewage/wastewater ejected to a settling tank with a flow rate distributing tub(14) and a metric tub(60); and a return sludge pump(72) circulating a part of the sludge precipitated in the settling tank with the flow rate distributing tub(14) and the metric tub(60).


Recently, many local governments have tried to fight obesity by taxing "unhealthy" foods, requiring calorie information on menus and vending machines, or placing moratoriums on the establishment of new fast food restaurants. But are all these measures really helping to combat the obesity problem? This chapter discusses some of the unfortunate consequences that result when governments try to pick what you should and shouldn't eat. Key takeaways: (1) Government attempts to change human behavior usually backfire and fail. (2) Policymakers try to sell sin taxes as both a revenue source and a tool to improve health outcomes, but they can't do both effectively.


1. The non-contact power reception device configured to receive contactlessly the power transmitted from the device (100) a transmit power, comprising: - a module (210, 220) receiving power, configured to contactlessly receive the AC power transmitted from said device transmission power at a first frequency; u device (290) connection configured to carry out wireless communication with said power transmission device through a radio wave having a second frequency, - said first frequency and said second frequency is determined so that the relationship between said first frequency and said second frequency is kratnym.2 non-integer. non-contact power reception device according to Claim. 1, wherein said receiving unit receiving power contactlessly said AC power transmitted from the module (140, 150) the transmission power in said apparatus transmission power through resonance with said power transmission module via an electromagnetic field. 3. non-contact power reception device according to Claim. 1 or 2, wherein said second frequency is defined above said first chastoty.4. Apparatus noncontact electric power receiving according to Claim. 1 or 2, wherein said first frequency is determined based on the transmission state of said AC power, and said second frequency is determined such that the relationship between a certain first frequency and said second frequency is a non-integer kratnym.5 . Apparatus contactless reception moschnos


Intensive development hip arthroplasty, along with a high potential for rehabilitation of the operation, accompanied by an increase in the incidence of deep infection at the surgical site. The leading role in the development of infection is given microorganisms and their ability to colonize biogenic and abiogenic surface.


In the early 1960s, release on recognizance was hailed as a method through which inequities inherent in the system of monetary bail could be reduced. This goal was to be accomplished through the revision of the criteria on which pretrial release decisions were made; the defendant's ties to the local community and not his financial status were to be emphasized. Although the use of release on recognizance has become an accepted practice, these programs have escaped close examination. Using logit analysis, this article investigates the factors upon which release on recognizance was based in a western city. The findings suggest that decisions to release on recognizance were made more in accord with traditional criteria rather than those espoused by this reform movement.


This thesis is a close examination of the role and structure of ontology as conceived of by Quine with a particular emphasis on his (in)famous criterion for the ontological commitment of theories. In the first part, we investigate the genesis and role of the criterion within the overall structure of Quine's ontology and briefly address some challenges that have been advanced, doubting the adequacy of the criterion for capturing what it intends to capture. We conclude that these challenges are only able to call the criterion into doubt if one also abandons other fundamental constraints that Quine imposes on ontology and that limit what it is that one can reasonably hope to achieve in the study of ontology, given its underlying naturalistic framework. In the second part of the thesis we consider the objection that the language of regimentation required for the proper workings of the criterion, Quine's canonical notation, is inadequate for the task it was designed to do. We reject all previous attempts at demonstrating this claim and offering an emendation of canonical notation to then present our own vindication of it by showing how two principles active in Quine's ontology conflict and render a modification of canonical notation necessary. We will suggest such a modification and show that it respects all constraints that were imposed by the Quinean framework.


Early reperfusion is today's gold standard therapy for acute myocardial infarction. The underlying fundamental experiments that demonstrated salvage of myocardial tissue after prolonged coronary occlusion were published less than 4 decades ago1,2 and then subsequently confirmed in large-scale clinical trials such as the GISSI trial and many others. The notion that reperfusion may not only salvage infarcting myocardium but also induce damage itself dates back almost as long.3,4 The awareness of such potential reperfusion injury and the ambivalent character of reperfusion5 prompted the search for strategies to modify reperfusion. Of note, modalities to avoid immediate full restoration of blood flow and to induce more gentle reperfusion were developed;6,7 however, it remained controversial whether6 or not7 gentle reperfusion indeed reduced infarct size after prolonged myocardial ischaemia. As of 1997 there was still no consensus on the existence of lethal reperfusion injury.8 It was not until the detection of the ischaemic postconditioning phenomenon, i.e. the reduction of infarct size following prolonged coronary occlusion by staccato reperfusion with a few cycles of re-occlusion,9 that the existence of lethal reperfusion injury became unanimously accepted.10–13 Ischaemic postconditioning protects from infarction also in humans, …

*Corresponding author. Tel: +49 201 723 4480; fax: +49 201 723 4481; E-mail address : gerd.heusch{at}uk-essen.de


The CAP, despite strong criticisms from various expert cycles, enabled and still allows the development of European agriculture and rural areas. The current discussion about the CAP's new architecture after 2020 stimulates a review of different positions and formulation of new views. For years, one of the key postulates has been better CAP targeting and a higher value for money. The objective of this publication is to present key developments that took place during this debate in the view of global political, economic, environmental and technological conditions. The authors formulated the following hypothesis: the coming CAP reform will bring about a fundamental change of the policy implementation model but the new CAP will not contribute to a stronger and measurable result-based orientation. The political consensus of supporting small farms will be continued at the expense of limiting support to the large farm operators. The main method used is online research, review of literature, and various analysis and documents.


Quantum physics is an approximate theory of the microworld. Its application is limited due to refusal to consider ether resistance to motion of microobjects and negligence of magnetic interactions among the same.


Advancement of technology has made available data of different modalities that can be integrated effectively through multiple view learning for modeling real-world problems. Although multiple view learning has achieved great success in many applications, it still faces several challenges. One of them is how to reduce the negative impact of the missing views in incomplete multiple view datasets by fully exploiting the information available. Another challenge is how to enhance the interpretability of the multiple view model for scenarios with high transparency requirement. To address these challenges, this article proposes a novel modeling method for incomplete multiple view fuzzy system. Based on fuzzy interpretable rules, the method integrates missing view imputation and hidden view learning as one single process to yield a model of high interpretability, where cooperative learning is used to mine the complementary information between the visible views and the hidden view. The proposed method has four advantages when compared with existing approaches: 1) the method is more interpretable, attributed to the fuzzy interpretable rules that it is based on, 2) missing view imputation is integrated into the modeling to make it more efficient than the existing two-step strategy, 3) the method not only imputes missing views, but also mines the hidden view shared by the multiple visible views, and 4) cooperative learning is used to mine the complementary information, which significantly reduces the negative impact of missing views. Experiments on real datasets demonstrate the advantages of the proposed method.


Recently jackson! stated that the total number of cases of inspired grasses in the tracheobronchial tree is thirty-five. The pathological progress and the clinical features justify the conclusion that there are two distinct classes of cases. One class may be appropriately called the lodging type and the other the extrusive or one-way-travel type. Twenty-eight of this number were classified as the extrusive type and seven of the lodging type. In 1949, I published an article "Lung Pathology and Hemoptysis in Children, The Effect of NonOpaque Foreign Bodies." If rice and wheat heads are to be classified as grasses, the two which I reported in this article would increase the total of the lodging type to nine cases. Probably many cases have not been reported in the literature because of either neglect or indifference.


Likelihood of confusion : the criterion of an independent distinctive role The criterion of an independent distinctive appeared in the European caselaw in the judgment MEDION (Case C-120/04 Medion AG v Thomson multimedia Sales Germany & Austria GmbH, 6 October 2005, annexe 2) in order to prevent a well-known trade mark from absorbing a lesser-known trade mark by juxtaposing the two in a composite sign (in this case: THOMSON and LIFE). The particular situation where this criterion was first applied led many observers to consider that this criterion was dedicated to only be used once, especially because it might woke up the discussion about the global assessment of the likelihood of confusion. Indeed, this criterion appeared as an evolution of both the global and the analytic assessments of the likelihood of confusion in the European case-law. Those evolutions led to a wide development of the notion, the revelation of the conditions to apply it and potentially extend it more and more. All those evolutions confirmed the necessity to firmly attach the criterion to the global assessment of the likelihood of confusion and helped the national judges of every States of the European Union to apply this new criterion, achieving its entry in the case-law and questioning its future transformation in the following years.


ISSN: 1538-4101 (Print) 1551-4005 (Online) Journal homepage: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/kccy20 Multiple roles of ELG1 with different interactions determine various cellular processes Jennifer McCulley & Kyungjae Myung To cite this article: Jennifer McCulley & Kyungjae Myung (2011) Multiple roles of ELG1 with different interactions determine various cellular processes, Cell Cycle, 10:20, 3434-3434, DOI: 10.4161/cc.10.20.17670 To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.4161/cc.10.20.17670


Two diterpenoids of labdane group and five long chain aliphatic compounds have been identified as 8(17),13-lahdiene-16,15-olide-18-ate, 8(17),13-labdiene-15,16-olide-18-ate, 8-hexyl-tricosane, octacosane-10-ol-21-ene, decanyl-11-hydroxy-tritriacontanoate, pentyl triacontanoate and nonacosane on the basis of spectroscopic and chemical evidences.


There is no entity that is as complex, mysterious and fascinating as the human female. She has been drawn, painted, sculpted, sung about, admired, loved, hated, feared and wondered about for as long as there have been men on earth.


The article summarized the characteristic,the craft and the equipment,the common defect analysis and the countermeasure on the three kinds of welding methods involved Al heat welding,gas pressure welding and flash butt welding,meanwhile give some suggestions on improving welding quality of rail.


One of the main reasons of fault growing is wrong routing configuration that results from conflicted routing in the Internet routing system,especially between heterogeneous routing protocols.A new approach to modeling heterogeneous routing system and analyzing conflicted routing is proposed.It employs the language of temporal ordering specification(LOTOS in short) as description language,and by suitable specifying and developing some constants and operations an algebraic model system is constructed.By deducing the algebraic model the conflicted routing can be find out efficiently.In order to support our viewpoint an experiment is carried out that employs scalable simulation framework(SSFNet in short) to simulate behaviors of the border gateway protocol(BGP4 in short) and the open short path first(OSPF in short).The experiment result shows the consistency.


The joint publication in May 2020 of the Farm to Fork (F2F) and Biodiversity strategies, part of the European Green Deal, paved the road for an ambitious and systemic transition of the EU food system. The strategies set ambitious and unquestionable targets that have to be reached by 2030 if we are to keep our food system within planetary boundaries. Since their publication, however, the strategies have been under criticism from most economic actors, according to whom their implementation would lead EU farmers and food processors to be crushed by their competitors and put world food security at risk. Yet, the only impact assessment currently available is the one published in December 2020 by the Economic Research Service (ERS) of the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) 1 –which suffers from several methodological flaws. In particular, it focuses on the consequences of implementing new constraints on production without considering the changes in demand that would result from the strategies' other objectives. Against this backdrop, this Policy Brief presents the key results of a study that analysed the implications of an ambitious agroecological 2 transition across Europe, following the TYFA scenario. 3 While this scenario was published three years ago, what it proposes by 2050 is fully aligned with the objectives that the strategies aim to achieve by 2030, in particular regarding the decrease in pesticides, nitrogen, and antibiotics on the supply side, and the transition towards more plant-based diets on the demand side. Using a world biomass balance model (GlobAgri-AgT 4 ), the impact of the TYFA scenario in the EU on world land use, the EU physical trade balance, the provision of calories and global food security was analyzed in addition to key policy levers to spur the transition.


Recent years have witnessed the great potential of attention mechanism in graph representation learning. However, while variants of attention-based GNNs are setting new benchmarks for numerous real-world datasets, recent works have pointed out that their induced attentions are less robust and generalizable against noisy graphs due to lack of direct supervision. In this paper, we present a new framework which utilizes the tool of causality to provide a powerful supervision signal for the learning process of attention functions. Specifically, we estimate the direct causal effect of attention to the final prediction, and then maximize such effect to guide attention attending to more meaningful neighbors. Our method can serve as a plug-and-play module for any canonical attention-based GNNs in an end-to-end fashion. Extensive experiments on a wide range of benchmark datasets illustrated that, by directly supervising attention functions, the model is able to converge faster with a clearer decision boundary, and thus yields better performances.


Ringing in ears or tinnitus represents the perception of sound that a person can feel inside the head or ears, and it is a sensation even though there are no obvious external stimuli. Tinnitus is not a disease, but a symptom in the background of which there could be numerous diseases and conditions, so it requires timely recognition and detailed diagnostic processing, which usually involves multiple specialists from different branches of medicine. The therapy of tinnitus depends largely on its etiology and is accordingly more or less effective. Tinnitus is most often the result of damaged hearing or hearing loss, the second most common cause of tinnitus is high intensity noise. Ringing in ears in dental practice most commonly occurs as a result of prolonged exposure to workplace noise, and may also occur as a result of acute acoustic trauma. In dental practice, which often involves working in dental practice as well as in dental laboratories, the noise intensity level very often exceeds the 85 dB limit, which is the maximum permissible noise exposure during a work day or week in workplaces with variable intensity noise. Although there are several different approaches to tinnitus therapy, complete disappearance of symptoms is often not possible. The prevention of hearing damage and ringing in ears is based on the use of personal hearing protection aids.


An analytic theory of the resistive X-point (RX) mode in the edge region of a diverted tokamak is developed by employing an outgoing-evanescent wave boundary condition along the field lines. This result is employed to deduce a new categorization of edge instabilities in the presence of X points. A regime diagram shows the relationship of the RX mode to the ideal and conventional resistive ballooning modes. In addition to describing growth rates of linear instabilities, the analysis also yields regimes and scalings for nonlinear convective "blob" propagation velocities. The regime diagram and a knowledge of experimental and BOUT code simulation results suggest that the quasicoherent mode seen in the Alcator C-Mod tokamak [M. Greenwald, R. Boivin, P. Bonoli et al., [Phys. Plasmas 6, 1943 (1999)] can be classified as an electromagnetic RX mode. Analytical scalings for the existence of this mode compare well with experimental trends, as does the solution of a model radial eigenvalue problem. Finally, using a ...


APARAGON of female beauty, the maternity figure at The Metropolitan Museum of Art exemplifies a well-known sculpture type of the Luluwa people of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (Figures 1, 2). Luluwa figures that depict a pregnant woman or a mother and her child are generally related to the cult of Bwanga bwa Cibola, the goals of which are to prevent infertility and infant mortality and to foster the reincarnation of a deceased ances-


The purpose of this paper is to argue that Christian professors need to teach students to question assumptions underlying business constructs, even familiar constructs. The Protestant work ethic (PWE) is an important and influential work ethic, but after analysis, it will be shown to be neither biblical nor Protestant. By this we mean that some key definitional elements of the PWE are not Biblical and are not philosophically compatible with the theologies of Martin Luther or John Calvin. Our conclusion is that Christian professors should use the PWE as a cautionary tale to help Christian students evaluate worldviews. The authors suggest several classroom exercises to help students develop their skills in testing assumptions.


Offshore wind provides a scalable alternative to conventional energy resources. It can be a potential source to meet the increasing energy demand in developing countries like India, for which an attractive policy framework is required. The aim of this study is to provide an insight for evolving onshore wind policy in India and suggest suitable strategies for development of offshore wind sector. Various wind resource maps were reviewed and potential sites identified as Rameswaram and Kanyakumari along Tamil Nadu coast. Suitability analysis was conducted to identify the type of wind turbine recommended at potential sites to achieve high plant load factor, considering the uncertainty in wind speeds. Commercial viability studies were carried out to identify appropriate incentives for development of offshore wind sector in India. Results indicate a levelized cost of energy of Rs 10.8 and Rs 9.6/Kwh at Rameswaram and Kanyakumari for an internal rate of return of 14%.


Student satisfaction assessment is essential in determining service quality at Higher Education Institutions (HEIs). To remain competitive, it requires HEIs to continuously acquire, maintain, and build stronger relationships with students. The dimension of service quality is still debated among the academic researchers. The purpose of this study is to examine the different dimensions used and applied in the process of analyzing the service quality under in the higher education sector and to find out its impact on student satisfaction. Specifically, the study found significant relationship between the five dimensions of service quality (tangibility, reliability, responsiveness, assurance, and empathy) or SERVQUAL and students' satisfaction. The findings generally indicate that the majority of students are satisfied with the facilities provided by colleges in and around Puducherry. Such findings should help universities make better strategic plan as to enhance students' satisfaction in particular and its overall performance in general. In general, the results indicated that all the five dimensions of service quality were correlated with student satisfaction.


Sustainable exploitation strategies of high-enthalpy geothermal reservoirs in a volcanic geothermal play type require an accurate understanding of key geological structures such as faults, cap rock and caldera boundaries. Of same importance is the recognition of possible magmatic body intrusions and their morphology, whether they are tabular like dikes, layered like sills or domes. The relative value of those magmatic bodies, their age, shape and location rely on the role they play as possible local heat sources, hydraulic barriers between reservoir compartments, and their far-reaching effect on the geochemistry and dynamics of fluids. Obtaining detailed knowledge and a more complete understanding at the early stages of exploration through integrated geological, geophysical and geochemical methods is essential to determine promising geothermal drilling targets for optimized production/re-injection schemes and for the development of adequate exploitation programs. Valuable, extensive geophysical data gathered at Las Pailas high-enthalpy geothermal field at northwestern Costa Rica combined with detailed understanding of the geological structures in the underground may represent a sound basis for an in-depth geoscientific discussion on this topic. Currently, the German cooperation for the identification of geothermal resources in Central America, implemented by the Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources (BGR), supports an international and interdisciplinary effort, driven by the Instituto Costarricense de Electricidad (ICE) with different international and national research institutions, including the Leibniz Institute for Applied Geophysics (LIAG). The discussions and joint studies refer to the optimized utilization of geophysical and geological methods for geothermal exploration in the Central American region, using the example of Las Pailas Geothermal Field. The results should contribute to a better understanding of the most appropriate geothermal exploration concepts for complex volcanic field settings in Central America.


Resistant starch(RS) and its weight-loss function are two research hotspots of carbohydrate and health field in recent years.The paper reviews the research progress in the prevention of resistant Starch on obesity abroad and internal,tries to analyze how resistant starch affect postprandial satiety and blood-fat,introduces the mechanism of these affections,reveals resistant starch has functions to prevent obesity,provides the theoretical foundation to resistant starch application,weight-loss in good health and enriches the database of this field.


Despite the importance of reasoning and proving in mathematics and mathematics education, little is known about how future teachers become proficient in integrating reasoning and proving in their teaching practices. In this article, we characterize this aspect of prospective secondary mathematics teachers' (PSTs') professional learning by drawing upon the commognitive theory. We offer a triple-layer conceptualization of (student) learning, teaching, and learning to teach mathematics via reasoning and proving by focusing on the discourses students participate in (learning), the opportunities for reasoning and proving afforded to them (teaching), and how PSTs design and enrich such opportunities (learning to teach). We explore PSTs' pedagogical discourse anchored in the lesson plans they designed, enacted, and modified as part of their participation in a university-based course: Mathematical Reasoning and Proving for Secondary Teachers. We identified four types of discursive modifications: structural, mathematical, reasoning-based, and logic-based. We describe how the potential opportunities for reasoning and proving afforded to students by these lesson plans changed as a result of these modifications. Based on our triple-layered conceptualization we illustrate how the lesson modifications and the resulting alterations to student learning opportunities can be used to characterize PSTs' professional learning. We discuss the affordances of theorizing teacher practices with the same theoretical lens (grounded in commognition) to inquire student learning and teacher learning, and how lesson plans, as a proxy of teaching practices, can be used as a methodological tool to better understand PSTs' professional learning.


In the editorial of The Language Learning Journal of July 2011, readers' attention is drawn to the decline in language teaching and learning in British schools and universities, and to the attempt of the British Academy to promote language teaching against this decline. The British Academy paper makes seven recommendations of which the second refers to a 'broader understanding of internationalisation and language learning' saying that 'language learning should be central to the missions and internationalisation agendas of universities' (British Academy 2011: 6). It may be a good strategy to link language teaching and learning with internationalisation agendas because these are in turn driven by government agendas, not only in Britain but across the Western European and North American world. The consequence could be more government support. There is however a need to examine carefully whether this link is sound, in case the strategy were to be challenged, and because of the potential impact on the teaching of languages per se.


Synthesis of novel conjugates between segment A of Duocarmycin A (Du) and N-methylimidazole (Im)−N-methylpyrrole (Py) hairpin polyamides and their DNA alkylation are described. The conjugates PyPyPyγImPyPyDu (8a) and ImPyPyγImPyPyDu (8b) were designed to alkylate the target sequences (A/T)G(A/T)2N(A/G) and (A/T)G(A/T)CN(A/G), respectively, according to Dervan's ring-pairing rule. High-resolution denaturing gel electrophoresis indicated that 8a exclusively alkylated the A of the 5'-TGTAAAA-3' within a ∼400 bp DNA fragment. Similarly, alkylation by 8b occurred exclusively at the G of the 5'-AGTCAGA-3' sequence with efficiency at nanomolar concentration. To better understand the structure of the alkylated DNA by these conjugates, the alkylation of non-self-complementary duplex decanucleotides, ODN1 and ODN2, was investigated. HPLC and ESMS analyses of the reaction of these ODNs with 8a and 8b demonstrated that both conjugates efficiently and selectively alkylate N3 of the purine bases of their target sequences.


Introduce the effect of harmonic frequency spectrum VSR to reduce stress effect and dimension stability improving,after doing some research on the WT nodular cast iron,based on the measurement of residual stress and dimension stability,we can come to the conclusion that harmonic frequency spectrum VSR can replace annealing,avoid cracking distortion and improve dimension stability.


This paper aims to study the impact of discontinuous activations, neutral-type operators, and mixed time delays on the finite-time and fixed-time robust synchronization of fuzzy neural networks. By using functional differential inclusions theory, inequality technique, and the non-smooth analysis of the Lyapunov-Krasovskii functional, a simple switching adaptive controller and a switching state-feedback controller are designed, some new criteria are obtained to achieve the finite-time and fixed-time synchronization of the proposed drive-response systems. Besides, the upper bound of the settling time of finite-time synchronization is estimated, and the settling time of fixed-time synchronization can be given in advance. In spite of many previous results on the synchronization of fuzzy neutral-type neural network and stability analysis of neural networks of neutral-type in Hale's form with continuous activation functions, few references on the stability and synchronization control analysis of the neural network like the form of the neural network model addressed in this paper can be cited. From this point of view, the neural network model considered and the theoretical results of this paper are more generalized and inclusive. Finally, the simulation examples and remarks have been shown to verify the correctness and advantages of our main results.


Provides an introductory look at what savvy users should know about the implications of having information about cited references in I/A records. Looks at the more sophisticated, link-enabled cited references and the novel citation scores in full-text collections, then discusses the alternatives for searching efficiently by elements of cited references: cited author, cited title, cited source and cited year in I/A databases and full-text archives.


We evaluated bcl‐2 protein levels in whole blood, and intraerythrocytic products of lipoperoxidation, in 65 healthy pregnant primiparous women at the end of the first, second and third trimesters of pregnancy. During pregnancy we found a progressive increase in concentrations of bcl‐2 and intraerythrocytic products of lipoperoxidation. Moreover, a positive correlation was found between bcl‐2 concentrations and lipoperoxidation products, and between bcl‐2 protein, E2 and progesterone. The results show that modifications occurring during pregnancy are accompanied by variations of bcl‐2 protein.


Due to the necessity of large parts of land, Wind Farms are often placed in open natural areas. Despite the fact that Wind Farms are represented as environmentally friendly, they frequently encounter public resistance and elicit an increasing number of complaints. In order to identify and assess the impact of a Wind Farm on residents, the results of a noise/meteorological monitoring campaign and an auditory test on two groups of subjects (exposed and non-exposed to wind turbine noise) carried out in two different countryside sites in Campania (Italy) are discussed.


The eggshells of the common chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus) are a large waste product of the food industry; thus, developing methods for harvesting bioactive proteins from eggshells is of great economic interest. Eggshells are composed of a calcium carbonate mineral structure along with up to a 3 to 5 % organic fraction by mass (Nys et al., 2004, General Paleontology, 3: 549–562). While the mineral fraction has already found widespread use in agriculture as a fertilizer and more recently as a catalyst for biodiesel production, the protein fraction, has yet to be fully utilized. Before eggshells can be utilized, however, the egg shell inner and outer membranes must be removed. For large scale membrane separations, several industrial processes involving the use of pressurized gases, multiphase floatation tanks or liquid cavitation are available. However, these methods are not practical for small scale exploratory preparations.


In this article we reveal and examine conditions and problems of the small business and we also define ways of handling these issues. The material of this article can be used in interdisciplinary research and for working out plans for regional social and economical development.


The Voyager plasma experiment observed large-amplitude plasma fluctuations in the Uranian magnetosphere. These waves have periods of tens of minutes, are characterized by an anticorrelation between the plasma density and temperature, and are associated with deflections in the flow angle of the plasma. These fluctuations are observed only in regions where the magnetic field is rapidly varying. These waves have time and distance scales placing them in the NHD regime, but their characteristics are not compatible with any known solution of the MHD equations. It is suggested that these fluctuations are produced by the solar wind interaction with the magnetosphere at the bow shock, but the physics governing the production and propagation of these fluctuations is not understood.


The invention discloses a cement-based adhesive which consists of an inorganic gel, elasticity modulus filler, sand and a dry-mixed mortar additive, wherein the mass percentages of the various components in the adhesive are as follows: 35-45% of inorganic gel, 15-30% of elasticity modulus filler, 17-47% of sand, 3-8% of dry-mixed mortar additive and the balance of water. The cement-based adhesive disclosed by the invention has the following beneficial effects that by adding the low elasticity modulus filler which has the advantages of good elasticity, shock-proofing, sound insulation and the like, the cement-based adhesive has the characteristics of shock absorbing, noise reduction and the like, so that a problem of noise generated from the collision of ceramic tiles in a public place is relieved; in addition, the cement-based adhesive provided by the invention also solves the problems of low compressive strength, low bonding strength and the like of the adhesive after the low-modulus filler is added; shearing strength on the interfaces of the ceramic tiles caused by heat expansion and cold contraction is reduced and the bonding durability of the ceramic tiles on the basis of shock absorbing and noise reduction is improved; therefore, the cement-based adhesive is quite high in promotional value.


This survey study explores the advance care planning choices among adults receiving maintenance dialysis who hold religious or spiritual beliefs.


Objective: This case report highlights the abuse and dependence potential of Zolpidem and the risk of life-threatening withdrawal symptoms upon abrupt discontinuation. Method: We report a case of Zolpidem dependence which presented with withdrawal symptoms upon abrupt discontinuation. Results: A 32 year old male, who had abused non-benzodiazepine Zolpidem for 6 years presented to the accident and emergency unit with generalized seizures upon stopping Zolpidem 'cold turkey'. He required admission to the neurology high dependency unit for stabilization of the seizures and was later managed by the addiction team where a tapering dose of benzodiazepine was prescribed. Conclusion: This case demonstrates that non-benzodiazepine agents can cause tolerance and dependence, and thus produce withdrawal symptoms upon discontinuation.


According to the relationship of the roller element contact stress and deformation,two force equations and a moment equation for roller-boll combination slewing bearing are got under axial force,radial force and overturning torque load.The bearing load distributions are computed under combination loads condition,and the maximum roller element contact loads and contact stress of bearing are computed.Computation results show that,this method is more propitious for slewing bearing lectotype and bearing parameters optimal design.


We report line shapes for several rotational levels of the 9s, v=1 state of NO, lying just above the autoionization threshold, and the 8s state, just below threshold. The 8s levels exhibit unexpectedly large Stark shifts, giving way at higher fields to multiline Stark spectra, and eventually to Lorentzian autoionizing resonances. The large low‐field shifts are tentatively attributed to an unusual ''field‐induced deperturbation'' process. At zero field, the 8s states have lifetimes of at least 20 ns, indicating that predissociation does not play a major role for these states.


English language anxiety appears in some International students while learning in the country that use any language other than their native language. International students may get anxious while learning in another country. This research tries to answer two issues. The first one is the factors causing anxiety of Thai students in English language learning and the next one is the strategies of Thai students in coping their anxiety in English language learning. The data for this qualitative study were gathered from observation and semi-structured interview. The participants are two Thai students who took English Education Department in IAIN Salatiga. From the data, the researcher find that there are three factors  causing anxiety of Thai students in English language learning namely communication apprehension, test anxiety and fear of negative evaluation. The researcher also find that there are two strategies of Thai students in coping the anxiety in reading class. They are preparation and peer seeking. The results of this study are hopefully can be beneficial to English teacher and students. Not only for domestic students, but also International students.


Previous studies have examined the relationship between knowledge management (KM) infrastructure capabilities and organisational performance. However, most studies neglect the mediating effect of organisational learning by KM practices (OLKMP) in the relationship between KM infrastructure capabilities and organisational performance. This study uses the survey method to discuss the relationships governing KM infrastructure capabilities, OLKMP and organisational performance. Results of the analysis confirm the impact of technology, structure and culture on OLKMP. The overall results show that OLKMP is an efficient way to enhance organisational creativity. Thus, we also explore the performance implications of OLKMP to prove that it is an important factor in creating superior organisational effectiveness.


Southeast Tibet is one of the areas that have abundant Lonicera plant species,the species accountes for 24% of the total country and 12% of the total world.Based on systematical collation of Lonicera plants resources material in Southeast Tibet,the present situation was summarized.We created the brief identification tables on a sections and species level of 24 species and 1 subspecies and 6 varieties,which belonged to 1 subgenus and 4sections and 9 subgroups,comparatively analyzed the phenotypic traits,the law of distribution and main impact factors and demonstrated the relationship between the evolution of this genus and uplift of the Qinghai Tibet Plateau.We found that the distribution of Lonicera plants in this region appeared to its life-form,showing the transition of"Shrub-shrub and small trees-liana,defoliation-half aiphyllus-evergreen",with elevation from low to high,the northwest to the southeast.And elevation and precipitation were the the main ecological factors that impacted the distribution of this genus in the region.Under the climatic conditions of altitude of 2 000-3 500 m,annual precipitation of 800-1 200 mm,its richness was the highest.In the 4 groups of Lonicera plants in this area,Subsect.Bracteatae,Subsect.Purpurascentes,Subsect.Alpigenae,Subsect.Rhod-anthae,Subsect.Caeruleae and Subsect Fragrantissimae of Sect.Isika,Subsect.Ochranthae of Sect.Coeloxylosteum and Subsect.Cupulatae of Sect.Isoxylosteum were widely distributed in Southeast Tibet.The distribution of Sect.Nintooa which had only one Subsect.Volubilis was narrow that only distributed in the warmer and wetter Medog,Bome,southern of Zayu,and this was relative to its primitiveness in phylogeny and the effect of refuge in the complex habitat.


The growth of an economy in any nation depends entirely on the economy's propensity and invest to enhance production. This makes the financial system of a nation very important in that it facilitates capital formation [1]. Financial systems are made up of three arms which include first the financial intermediaries. This comprise of institutions that link the deficit units to the surplus units in an economy. Financial intermediaries include financial banks, mutual funds, insurance institutions and the non-banking financial organizations. The concept of the financial intermediaries is that they collect deposits from individuals and organization that have surplus funds and lend to individuals and organization that have deficit funds [2]. The second arm of the financial system is the financial markets which comprises of the primary and the secondary market. The primary market serves the first time borrowers and lenders while the secondary market serves individuals and organisation seeking to invest in the financial instruments such as company shares and bonds or government bonds. The secondary market may include both the local and foreign financial instruments. The third arm of the financial system in an economy is the regulators which comprise of the organization responsible for the overseeing the operations of the financial system. The regulators may be government instituted or appointed by the regulating bodies themselves. In most countries the Central Bank of the country bears the highest regulating responsibility of the financial system [3]. One of the main role played by the Central bank is the regulation of the monetary policy through the use of various financial instruments of a nation.


This article explore the teaching method in engineering geomechanics,interpret some more specific policy in teaching,point out the importance of this policy in teaching,innovate ability of students' innovative thinking,enhance comprehensive capacity to fitting students' jobs and meeting the needs of the society.This article will give you great helps.


The Fermi surface of the ferromagnetic shape-memory alloy Ni2MnGa has been determined experimentally with two-dimensional angular correlation of electron–positron annihilation radiation. Our results are supported by first principles electronic structure calculations. The measured electron occupancy within the Brillouin zone is consistent with the existence of two nesting features present in the Fermi surfaces calculated in previous studies. The nesting vectors of the calculated Fermi surface match the modulation of the pre-martensitic intermediate structure and that of the martensitic structure.


This study proposes an analytic hierarchical prediction model based on consistent fuzzy preference relations to help the organizations become aware of the essential factors affecting the implementation Assistive Input Devices (AID). Pairwise comparisons are used to determine the priority weights of influential factors and the ratings of success or failure outcomes amongst decision makers. The subjectivity and vagueness in the prediction procedures are dealt with using linguistic terms quantified in an interval scale [0, 1]. Then predicted success/failure values are obtained to enable organizations to decide whether to initiate knowledge management, inhibit adoption or take remedial actions to increase the possibility of successful AID for disabled. This proposed approach is demonstrated with a real case study involving seven influential factors assessed by eleven evaluators solicited from a special school located in Taiwan.


Recovery colleges (RCs) are learning environments, first established in the UK, based on principles that support positive life changes and reduce stigma related to challenges with mental health and substance use problems. RCs offer courses based on co-production processes and are designed and delivered jointly by individuals with lived experience and professional experts. The courses are open to anyone, attracting people with a variety of life experiences. RCs are non-clinical environments that provide individuals with the identities of students and/or trainers as autonomous and independent agents. In this paper, we investigate experiences of being a part of a RC in Norway, either as a student and/or as a course trainer with lived experiences of mental health or substance use challenges. We ask the following research question: What kinds of personal and social processes are enabled by being part of a recovery college from the perspective of persons with experience-based competence?The study is qualitative and explorative based on 11 individual (N = 11) and two focus group interviews (N = 8). Participants were recruited from two of the first RCs in Norway between August 2021 and January 2022.Study participants describe how their involvement in a RC provided them with opportunities to assume new positions in their recovery process, both related to former institutional identities given in the course of treatment and related to the way they see themselves as people struggling with mental health and substances use challenges. Attending a RC represented significant transitions (1) from an institutional position as "sick" or as "what's on the paper" into a position as "a whole person"; (2) from being in in a position as a recipient of care to the position as actively responsible for life changes; (3) from seeing themselves as worthless to seeing themselves as persons with resources; (4) from being alone to being part of a fellowship. Participants describe being part of a RC as an invaluable addition to other kind of support or help.It is important to provide alternative arenas like RC for facilitating work with life changes, as an invaluable addition to regular services.


The low efficiency of UASB bioreactors, regarding the removal of nutrient, organic matter and pathogens, makes it necessary to carry out a post treatment, in order to improve the quality of the effluent. Accordingly, this research has examined the use of microfiltration associated to the disinfection by the ultraviolet radiation, as an option to this post treatment. For so, were collected samples of UASB reactors' effluent, in order to carry out some tests on a pilot microfiltration system, using in one of the samples pre-coagulation with vegetable tannin. After, all the microfiltrated samples were inserted in a UV reactor, applying different radiation doses, ranging from 43.8 to 194.9 mWs.cm-2, to simulate the disinfection. The system used showed good results in terms of turbidity removal, apparent color, true color, phosphorus, nitrogen, total solids, total suspended solids and COD, reaching in the best operating condition, the following values: 1.90 uT, 15 uC, 10 uC, 0.94 mg/L, 17.64 mg/L, 123 mg/L, 0 mg/L and 10 mg/L, respectively, which represent the following removal percentages: 91.3%, 93.6%, 82.0%, 55.1%, 26.3%, 35% and 86.1%. The inactivation obtained for E. coli, total coliforms, colifagos and Clostridium perfrigens was satisfactory, achieving a higher inactivation than the detection limit of the method used, when submitted to the highests tested radiation doses. The average permeate flux ranged from 55.2 to 133.6 L.m-2.h-1.


Existing empirical models fail to explain the surge in the accumulation of foreign exchange reserves by emerging countries during the last decade. This paper provides an estimate of the demand for international reserves on a panel of emerging countries using a time-varying panel smooth transition regression (TV-PSTR) model to relax the assumption of coefficient stability in the relationship. Evidence is dound that the parameters are not constant. In addition, it is observed that the coefficients remained relatively stable until 2000 and then increased gradually and strongly thereafter. The specification provided here accounts for an acceleration that linear specifications fail to explain. Finally, it is found that mercantilist motives are the major driver of this acceleration.


The aim of this study was to examine the effect of different feed additives on the Enterobacteriaceae genera colonization of chicken (Coob 500) gastrointestinal tract. The Agolin Poultry, AgolinTannin Plus, Biostrong 510+FortiBac and Agolin acid were administered to forth feed mixtures and Biocitro to drinking water in various amounts except of the control group. The addition of 1.5 g Agolin Poultry to 15 kg of feed was included in the first experimental group, the addition of 7.5 g Agolin Tannin Plus to 15 kg of feed in the second experimental group, the addition of 15g Biostrong510+FortiBac to 15 kg of feed the third experimental group, 15 g  in the fourth experimental group of Agolin acid to 15 kg of feed and 10 ml fifth experimental group of drinking water. The highest count of Enterobacteriaceae genera counts was found in the control group. The lower count of Enterobacteriaceae genera counts was found in the second experimental group where 7.5 g of Agolin Tannin Plus to 15 kg was added to feed mixture.


Seen from the outside, Franco-Algerian relations may appear as the often spectacular product of a complex alchemy. The election of Frangois Mitterrand to the French presidency on May 10, 1981, seemed to point to the coming of a golden age in the two countries' relations. In August, Claude Cheysson, Minister of Foreign Affairs, announced that, "A stroke of passion was in the making." Four years later, everything has fallen apart. What happened? When one studies more carefully the ups and downs of the relations, one can distinguish some elements which provide a few reference points. In the aftermath of decolonization of the French Empire, Algeria and France were compulsory partners. The weakening of the human ties caused by the post-independence exodus of about one million pieds-noirs1 in the aftermath of independence has been balanced by a substantial increase in the Algerian population in France-about 770,000 strong in 1985. Helped by proximity, two million Algerians cross the Mediterranean each year on holiday, to visit with their families, and to buy the goods and gadgets of an affluent society unavailable at home. A safety valve in a prolonged period of austerity, freedom of movement is very important; 132 years of colonization (with the accompanying phenomenon of enculturation) have left behind them an ambiguous mixture of familiarity and frustration, regrets and remorse, attraction and rejection, as well as deep knowledge of each other. Complicated by a whole series of pending issues, this is an intimate relationship at the intersection of internal and external concerns, more often governed by emotion than by reason. Then too, there is the continual conflict between France's bilateral relations with the states of the region and those with the Maghrib as a whole. Rivals among themselves, Tunisia, Algeria, and Morocco are equally so with France. For Paris, the mutual attachment which persists after independence constitutes an endow-


We have experimentally examined the effects of bubble size (0.4 [les ] λ [les ] 2.0), inclination angle (0° [les ] α [les ] 90°), and tube material on suspended gas bubbles in flows in tubes for a range of Weber (0 [les ] We [les ] 3.6), Reynolds (0 [les ] Re [les ] 1200), and Froude (0 [les ] Frα [les ] 1) numbers. Flow rates and associated pressure differences which allow the suspension of bubbles in glass and acrylic tubes are measured. Due to contact angle hysteresis, bubbles which dry the tube wall (i.e. form a gas–solid interface) may remain suspended over a range of flows while non-drying bubbles remain stationary for a single flow rate depending on experimental conditions. Stationary bubbles increase the axial pressure gradient with larger bubbles and steeper inclination angles leading to the greatest increase in the pressure gradient. Both the suspension flow range and pressure difference modifications are strongly dependent upon gas/liquid/solid material interactions. Stronger contact forces, i.e. smaller spreading coefficients, cause dried bubbles in acrylic tubes to remain stationary over a wider range of suspension flows than bubbles in glass tubes. Bubble deformation is governed by the interaction of interfacial, contact, and flow-derived forces. This investigation reveals the importance of bubble size, tube inclination, and tube material on gas bubble suspension.


VINCENT C. RIDEOUT joined the University of Wisconsin College of Engineering's Electrical Engineering staff in 1946. He came to Wisconsin from the Bell Telephone Laboratories, where he served from 1939 to 1946 as a member of its technical staff engaged in radar and television relay research. Born in Alberta, Canada Professor Rideout attended McGill University and the University of Alberta, receiving his BS degree in Engineering Physics from the latter. He attended the California Institute of Technology, where he held a Drake Fellowship and earned his MS degree in Electrical Engineering in 1939.


Microplastics in the air have gradually attracted our attention in recent years; however, temporal and spatial trends of microplastics in indoor air are rarely discussed. In the present study, we tracked microplastic fallout in a dormitory, an office and a corridor on both workdays and weekends for three months. In addition, an air conditioner was used to understand airflow influence on microplastic resuspension in the dorm. Among the three sampling sites, the highest average microplastic abundance appeared in the dormitory (9.9×103 MPs/m2/d), followed by the office (1.8×103 MPs/m2/d) and the corridor (1.5×103 MPs/m2/d). In the dormitory, the average MP abundance on weekends (1.4×104 MPs/m2/d) was approximately three times of that on weekdays (5.8×103 MPs/m2/d). In the office, however, the abundance on weekends (1.2×103 MPs/m2/d) was 50% of that on weekdays (2.4×103 MPs/m2/d). Microplastic fallout existed mostly in the form of fibers and showed similar polymer compositions to the textile products used in indoor environments. The airflow tests using air conditioner suggested that airflow turbulence increased resuspension of microplastics. Taken together, we conclude that indoor environments are prone to serious microplastic pollution but microplastic level varies greatly due to different characteristics of indoor setting. Our results also indicate that textile quantity is one of the main factors affecting microplastic abundance in indoor air, while air conditioner-induced airflow turbulence can cause microplastic migration in indoor environments.


Animation industry makes high profit in developed economies,while in China it's the opposite.With the concept of complementary assets,this paper explains the business models and the characteristics of Hollywood and Akihabara's animation industries,and illustrates the failure of Thru the Moebius Strip,the product created in 2001 in Shenzhen and the success of Shenzhen National Cartoon and Animation Industry Base setting up in 2006.The paper analyzes the problems of Shenzhen animation industry,and finds out that lack of complementary assets is one of the primary factors puzzling Chinese animation industry development. The paper concludes that to shape local complementary assets include internal and external ones is a possible way to upgrade local animation industry of China. In this regard,local cluster with local division of labour and external complementary assets will help the making of animation industry cluster.


Objective:Newcastle Disease (ND) is often taken in the birds, the disease is serious and difficult to permanently cure, the most ideal preventing and controlling method is the vaccine immunity. Survey and evaluate NDV Antibody from layer serum, yolk and chicks was determined by Hemagglutination Inhibition test(HI) and ELISA in this study and research. The deamplification regularity of antibody was observed, the ND antibody titer was 1:64 ~ 128 for 1 ~ 3 days chicks, but it decreased gradually with time-lapse, the titer of 18 days chicks ND antibody decreased below 1:4. The half life was 4 ~ 5d. Three effective immune procedures were examination to 3 days chicks with antibody level 1:40. Discovered the 2nd group of immune procedure is more ideal.


This work is concerned with the mechanical design and the description of the different components of a novel mobile base for a flexible mobile manipulator. A flexible mobile manipulator is normally composed of multiple flexible links mounted on a mobile platform. This work is focused on the description of the mobile platform. The mobile platform of this work has two different configurations in order to carry out different tasks. Also, some hypothesis and experimental results are shown in this work as a first step to be able to obtain a kinematic model of the system later


A review of the development in GIS technology and its software are presented.Based on the analysis on functions and prices,the Arcview is proposed as the best software for applications in the field of water resources and hydraulic engineering.


Introduction Today the Kamehameha Schools are widely known for excellent education. In part this is due to the almost $9 billion dollar value of the Bishop Estate that funds and controls the schools. Unfortunately, its success has led to non-Hawaiians challenging its admissions policy, which has since its inception been based upon admitting Native Hawaiian students by preference. In June 2003, on the behalf of an unnamed non-Native Hawaiian student, identified only as John Doe, a civil-rights lawsuit disputing Kamehameha's admissions policy was filed. The Doe versus Kamehameha Schools lawsuit, which challenged the Kamehameha Schools' admission policy, is just the most recent of a history of educational controversies surrounding the Kamehameha Schools. Since all previous controversies relate to the policies at the Kamehameha Schools, involving educating an historically disadvantaged group, this investigation demonstrates the connectivity of the controversies to issues of White supremacy, subordination of People of Color, and the myth of American meritocracy. This study relies on the Critical Race Theory (CRT) to achieve its purpose. CRT involves examining "the entire edifice of contemporary legal thought and doctrine from the viewpoint of law's role in the construction and maintenance of social domination and subordination" (Grenshaw, Gotunda, Peller, & Thomas, 1995, p. xi). One aspect of CRT that is pertinent to this study is its assertion that White supremacists in their efforts to continue the subordination of People of Color have re-designed the meaning of equality in order to maintain their power in America. White supremacists have developed tactics based upon an ideology of equal opportunity and American meritocracy. CRT advocates believe in the "absolute centricity of history and context in any attempt to theorize the relationship between race and legal discourse" (Grenshaw et al., 1995, p. xxiv). CRT is concerned with "theoretical accounts of racial power that explain legal and political decisions which are adverse to People of Color as mere reflections of underlying White interest" (Grenshaw et al., 1995, p. xxiv). Finally, CRT asserts that White supremacists appeal to color blindness in order to create an ideological strategy that obscures efforts to redress historical acts of discrimination in order to sustain hierarchies of racial power (Grenshaw et al., 1995). In order to provide the educational foundations for this controversy, this article investigates curriculum, admissions, and discrimination controversies involving the Kamehameha Schools from its inception in 1887 through the Doe versus Kamehameha Schools lawsuit, which was settled in May 2007. The earliest controversies centered on the curriculum of the Schools. The Kamehameha Schools were founded as manual training schools during the latter two decades of the nineteenth century (Beyer, 2007). As such, the curriculum was designed to prepare its students for employment, not advanced studies; it was often debated whether this was the best curriculum for Native Hawaiians. Due to the fact that the Kamehameha Schools were founded at a time when Christianizing and "civilizing" Hawaiians was still a major goal of schools for Hawaiians, religion and religious education were important to founders of the schools. Consequently, the policy that all employees of the Kamehameha Schools and members of the Board of Trustees had to be Protestant Christians led to controversies charging the Kamehameha Schools with discriminating against non-Protestant Christians. The one controversy, however, that continuously re-appeared throughout the entire history of the schools was the admissions policy. This article is divided into four other sections. The first section deals with establishing the Kamehameha Schools, which includes establishing the impetus for founding the schools as manual training schools, the will of Bernice Pauahi Bishop, and the operation of the schools. …


Abstract This article seeks to demonstrate that the figures used to describe the size and scope of cultural property crimes—that it is a $6 billion illicit industry and that it ranks among the third or fourth largest criminal enterprise annually—are without statistical merit. It underscores the ambiguities inherent in the figures and uses the 2003 theft of the Duke of Buccleuch's painting by Leonardo da Vinci, Madonna of the Yarnwinder, to illustrate the difficulties related to establishing monetary estimates for cultural property crimes. It calls for a more empirical approach to measuring the magnitude of the problem on the part of cultural property crime experts. Finally, it examines the reporting methods of the world's largest cultural property crimes law enforcement agency, the Comando Carabinieri per la Tutela del Patrimonio Culturale, in order to provide a model for others to follow in the effort to communicate the severity of the problem and to increase its financial, social, and political support.


Abstract Libraries are workplaces just like any other organization. Librarians and library staff have varying levels of engagement with their work and satisfaction with their jobs. Both workplace engagement and job satisfaction are crucial to many aspects of organizational life, especially employee perception of the organization. Many factors affect engagement and satisfaction, but the two biggest are leadership and workplace culture and environment. Culture and leadership are both heavily influenced by each other. As library leaders, we need to create positive, healthy cultures, and environments in our library. This article discusses some of the ways, library leaders can have a beneficial impact on their library's culture, including emphasizing values, using emotional intelligence to build relationships and model good behavior, create a shared vision, and be a competent librarian.


Is human capital heterogeneity a decisive factor for Chinese enterprises to invest in Africa? Based on the Outward Foreign Direct Investment (OFDI) data of Chinese enterprises in 37 African countries from 2007 to 2017, this paper using the FGLS model, is the empirical analysis of the mechanism and effect of the human capital heterogeneity of host countries on OFDI location selection. The human capital heterogeneity can be divided into four dimensions: scale, quality, cost and structure, which can be measured by health level, education level, wage level, child dependency ratio and old-age dependency ratio. The results show that: (1) the host country's human capital scale and child dependency ratio structure have a significant positive impact on decision-making for OFDI; (2) the cost of human capital and the structure of old-age dependency ratio are negatively correlated with the inflow of OFDI; (3) different from the existing conclusions, the quality of human capital will inhibit the inflow of OFDI in the sample period; (4) the extended test shows that the quality of human capital has a significant positive impact on OFDI decision-making. The results of robustness test are reliable. Finally, according to the conclusion of this paper, policy recommendations are put forward.


The purpose of this study is to monitor patient's health using a web application. In an analysis, the data collected from the public hospitals in bigger cities found that many people were facing a issues such as Inadequate reach of Healthcare services, shortage of medicare and also unmanageable patient loads. This paper aims to resolve the above discussed problems by providing several features to patients like online consultation with doctors, emergency ping to a doctor, online appointment scheduling, telemedicine, Videocall Consultation along with Online prescription. For this primarily, the patient's data are monitored using the Temperature sensor and Heartbeat sensor. The measured data are sent to the secure database which provides an alert if the health parameters exceed the threshold. Theoretical and practical implication of the project are discussed.


A holistic and comprehensive perspective on society is essential to disaster research. However, at one time, the world did not have any scholarly journals that dealt with disasters from a holistic point of view. This situation gave rise to the Journal of Disaster Research (JDR), the first issue of which was published in August 2006. In principle, six issues are published annually, with special or extra issues also published in some years.
 The Great East Japan Earthquake struck in March 2011, five years after the first issue of the JDR. Following this incident, we decided to publish a special issue whenever there was a major disaster. All accepted papers and articles were to be published free of charge, in electronic format. So far, eight special issues have been published.
 Since this year 2021 marks the tenth anniversary of that disaster, we at the JDR have decided to publish a special issue of notes on the Great East Japan Earthquake Disaster. The selected theme is "Thoughts About the Great Disaster Now That Ten Years Have Passed." As an academic journal dealing comprehensively with disasters and disaster risk reduction, we asked people working in all disaster-related fields to submit, from their unique perspectives, their views or proposals in any area or subject regarding what changes have taken place, what has remained the same, or what is needed in the future.
 We have the twelve notes presented here in this Special Issue on the Great East Japan Earthquake Disaster: Part VI. We hope that these notes provide seeds for further progress in the field of disaster research.
 Lastly, the editors would like to thank all contributors who submitted their manuscripts and the reviewers who provided valuable feedback with their constructive comments.


The results of a comparative study to large and multi spike cultivar of wheat showed that owing to some light leak losses, net canopy photosynthetic rate (NCP) of large spike cultivar was lower than that of multi spike cultivar before jointing stage. However, NCP and canopy leaf source capacity (CLSC) of large spike cultivar were much higher after booting stage because of fewer shoots, higher transmission percentage of light, lower light extinction coefficient, better radiation condition in lower part in canopy and shower senescence of leaves. As a result, higher yield and light use efficiency were obtained by the large spike cultivar.


In this paper, a parallel coordinative visual model-the revised plate parallel retrieval model (Wang Tianzhen et al, 1994) is presented based on the analysis of the global effect of Chinese characters and the recent neurobiological research on the function of neuroglia in learning and memory. The theory assumes that visual neurons possess the function of memory and retrieval in addition to the commonly recognised function of signal transformation. It supposes all the pixels in the array of a Chinese character are encoded, stored and retrieved simultaneously and synchronously by each neuron separately. In the model, neuroglia cells play an important role in the integration of the visual signal. The model cannot only satisfactorily explain both the global effect and strokes effect, but can also explain the implicit memory of Chinese characters as well. We have experimented on an SIMD array processor to prove the viability of the PPR algorithm. The results are satisfactory. The model can be extended to general shape vision with some conditions.


Dose homogeneity can be one of the desired end points from a treatment planning perspective. The aim of this work was to study dose homogeneity in permanent implants with varying source strengths. The rationale for using lower activity seeds in implants is rooted in the clinical observation that they result in more homogeneous (uniform) dose distributions. Dose homogeneity was compared in implants using 3 different seed activities (0.28 mCi, 0.44 mCi and 1.4 mCi) and two rival optimized treatment plans, one of which incorporated dose homogeneity into the scoring (objective) function. It was found that 0.44 mCi seeds yield the greatest degree of dose uniformity when homogeneity is included in the scoring function and when the number of needles is held to an acceptable range. It is concluded that when uniformity is not incorporated into the scoring (objective) function, homogeneity is highest in implants performed with 0.28 mCi seeds as indicated by the smaller FWHM of the differential VDH and the higher volume of the target receiving a dose in the "dose window." When dose uniformity is prioritized in the scoring function, 0.44 mCi sees yield the highest homogeneity. This is even superior to implants using 0.28 mCi seeds with the constraints on needle number. This suggests that a medium range activity (0.44 mCi) may result in more uniform dose distributions in treatment plans that seek to maximize homogeneity with approximately the same needle count. 0.44 mCi seeds require fewer seeds and needles thus making them viable alternatives to 0.28 mCi seeds from a standpoint of cost, time of procedure and quality of implant (target coverage, dose homogeneity, etc.).


On 26 December 2003 a 6.5 Mw earthquake took place near the city of Bam, in south‐eastern Iran. In order to detect the surface displacement field due to the Bam earthquake, we used satellite sensor images from the new European C‐band Envisat Advanced Synthetic Aperture Radar (ASAR). The displacement pattern from InSAR (SAR Interferometry) is well defined. It evidences a north–south high fringe gradient stream located 4 km west of the Bam fault. This result represents an important contribution to knowledge of the rupture process of this event and can be useful for improving and revising the interpretations of geological, geodetic and seismological data.


s: The main purpose of this paper is to reveal the relationship between land price and housing price in countries such as United States of American, England, Sweden, South Korea, Japan and Singapore. Method of comparative analysis was employed. The results show the relationship between land price and housing price in these countries can be divided into four types: low land price and low housing price (Sweden); low land price and high housing price (United States of American); high land price and relative low housing price (Singapore, England); high land price and high housing price(South Korea, Japan). Taking China's large population and insufficient land into account, the land price and the housing price in China have to be well coordinated to achieve healthy development of real estate industry.


China's economy is gaining significant importance in the global economy and local companies have been entering the Chinese stock market. This trend is only going to increase over the next years and the subject will certainly gain importance in the business and academic world. (Ernst & Young Global IPO trends report, 2011) This paper analyzes the performance of Chinese IPOs in the first day of trading and what mechanisms and tactics were in place in the past five years that allowed firms to perform the way they did. Moreover, the paper will also present changes that have recently occurred or are likely to occur in the near future that are going to change stock performance in the first day of trading in the next years. It will end highlighting strategic perspectives for companies pursuing an IPO in China.


To help reverse the downward trends for the world's marine fish stocks, the Worldwide Fund for Nature (WWF) and the Aglo-Dutch Unilever have jointly formed the Marine Stewardship Council (MSC), an independent, non-profit, non-governmental membership body. The rationale and strategies to achieve the goals of the joint effort are discussed.


This study aims to depict the attempt of a donkey library initiated by Luis Soriano in 1997, a Spanish teacher in a rural district called as La Gloria in Colombia. Within the scope of the study, how this attempt led by Soriano started and his motivation lying behind this story will be handled.


This paper proposes a method to calculate integral images on part of the image instead of global scope by hardware,thus avoiding most time-consuming pretreatment.The cost of doing so and the speed of single rectangular feature calculation are acceptable due to the characteristic of AdaBoost that few rectangular features are needed to drop out most unrelated images.With traditional AdaBoost,this method can accelerate the analysis of a great number of high-resolution images.As result,when irrelative image occupies 98% of whole,the performance of this approach will be 31.8% higher than traditional ones.


The World Health Organization reported that 38.4 million people were living with HIV in 2021 and 650 thousand people lost their lives due to HIV and viruses. Kaposi's sarcoma is still one of the most common cancers in HIV-infected people. Individuals living with this disease also have many biological, psychological and social needs. The aim of this article is to determine the needs of a young patient with Kaposi's sarcoma who has just been diagnosed with HIV (+) according to Orem Self-Care Deficit Nursing Theory, to perform nursing care and to guide nurses working in the field. Data were collected by face-to-face interviews in the hematology clinic, care was planned, applied and evaluated according to the model. As a result of the theoretical evaluation of the case, the nursing diagnoses of "impaired gas exchange, activity intolerance, excess fluid volume, anxiety, deterioration in body image, lack of knowledge, risk of infection, and deterioration of the oral mucous membrane" were determined. Orem Self-Care Deficit Nursing Theory is a useful model for determining the needs of HIV-positive patients and in the implementation of nursing interventions.


O ver the course of the last century, surgery evolved from a field impeded by sepsis and infection, to a common practice that is now safely performed on a routine basis. The field of antisepsis evolved rapidly over a short period of time, starting with Lister's use of a carbolic steam spray to sterilize wounds in the late 19th century. Arguably, Lister's actions alone marked the true beginning of surgical practice, allowing the once uniformly fatal endeavor to become a viable possibility in the management of a wide variety of diseases. Over the ensuing decades, surgical practice evolved through advents such as routine hand washing, to the discovery of the germ theory of disease. Modern bacteriology understanding was quickly incorporated into surgical practice, and actions including sterilization of the surgical site, gowning and rubber gloving, and, importantly, the discovery of penicillin and appropriate use of antimicrobial prophylaxis enhanced the practice of surgery.1 Following additional decades of refinement of human understanding of infection, which mirrored advances in the fields of pharmacology and microbiology, surgical infection rates dropped from an abysmal 100% to current quoted rates of approximately 5%. The most recent struggle to eliminate infection, however, continues to elude surgeons today, and it has led to a recent paradigm shift of focus back toward optimizing the host. By optimizing immunologic defense mechanisms, patients would be able to resist inevitable contamination that exists during surgery, where normally sterile compartments are exposed to an inescapably unsterile environment. An understanding of immunologic variability between patients would support the theory and explain why some patients fell victim to postoperative infectious complications, such as surgical site infection (SSI), whereas others sailed through unabated, especially when considering the uniformity of treatment delivered in today's highly standardized and protocol-driven surgical era. Surgeons, anesthesiologists, and scientists soon proved that factors such as perioperative temperature regulation and prevention of hypothermia resulted in significant outcome differences in surgical patients.2 Armed with such powerful and clearly reproducible data, physicians began to examine alternative environmental variables by which innate immune mechanisms could be adversely, or favorably, affected and, thereby, optimized. In the last 15 years, factors including preoperative mechanical bowel preparation, preoperative hair clipping, intravascular volume status, type of anesthetic agent used, intraoperative use of wound protectors, postoperative pain, perioperative glycemic control, and perioperative administration of supplemental oxygen have been considered.3 Although some variables, such as temperature regulation, showed a clear and reproducible link with the development of SSI, others, such as supplemental oxygen, were not as clear-cut. The theory of supplying additional oxygen, or hyperoxia, was originally hypothesized to augment the formation of reactive oxygen species necessary for intracellular killing by neutrophils and macrophages. The theory was sound and the mechanisms were plausible.4 In fact, hyperoxia has been repeatedly shown to enhance reactive oxygen species formation and the proposed mechanism continues to stand the scientific test of time.5 Unfortunately, however, clinical results have not uniformly mirrored scientific findings. To date, there have been no more than 8 prospective similarly designed randomized controlled trials to test the theory that hyperoxia reduces SSI rates. In addition, sparse retrospective and postoperative studies have surfaced along with several meta-analyses and expert reports, to try and settle the debate.6–8 The debate has not been settled, however, and, in fact, appears to have been broadened by several highly polarized publications by strong proponents and opponents of the "hyperoxia hypothesis." Since the first trial by Greif et al in 2000, there have been several trials designed with similar objectives, although the lack of uniformity within the design process is clearly noticeable. Trials were designed with variable control oxygen concentrations, variable durations of continuation of hyperoxia in the postoperative period, inconsistent volume status regimens, variable follow-up periods following discharge from hospital, different definitions by which SSI was identified and classified, and tested


he Croatian Mountain Rescue Service is a non-profit organisation, that was proclaimed as the "Best Communicator of the Year" by the prestigious Croatian Association of Public Relations in 2016. The research of this paper was inspired by this award. Moreover, the main purpose for this analysis is to determine how HGSS conducts a successful communication strategy via social networks. The time period selected for analysis covers the entire year of 2016.on social networks, Facebook and Twitter. During the research, a total of 685 entries were posted on HGSS social networks, 476 of which are on Facebook and the remaining 209 on Twitter. For the purposes of data analysis, special categorisation of data was created which was the foundation for social network research. The data parameters were identical on both social network platforms, Facebook and Twitter. The elements of the categorisation included: the date of publication, the type of publication, the number of likes, the number of shares, the topic of publication, the relation between the publications and the used language. The data was then processed through a quantitative and qualitative approach of content analysis. The quantitative analysis included the specific statistics of the research which revealed the peak period for the highest concentration of publications and followers engagement. The publications with most likes were selected for qualitative content analysis that further extends the understanding of how HGSS communicates via social networks. Research questions were the main foundation of writing this thesis, whose responses led to some specific findings and conclusions. Content analysis of social networks of HGSS shows that 72% of publications were identical on both social networks. Preferred style of communication of HGSS is a combination of text and hyperlinks that lead to their official site where readers can find more details about the announcement. On an annual level, they communicated a total of 225 days on Facebook and 141 days on Twitter. During the winter and summer season, they increased their activity on social networks and used English as the official language in campaigns that were tourist- focused.


This paper shows how the credit risk of CoCos materially differs from the credit risk of other defaultable securities, allowing us to replicate them with a portfolio of risk-free bonds and equity derivatives. We use a stochastic volatility model with jumps (SVJ) calibrated on credit and volatility data to compute the value of a traded CoCo. Using this model, we show how to extract new information-content about a bank from CoCo prices, computing an implied stock price trigger. From this perspective, we price a real-world CoCo and observe a potential mispricing. We analyse CoCos' payoff profile, explaining why they carry significant endogenous risk. Finally, we discuss why they might not be suitable for many traditional fixed-income investors.


A population‐based cervical screening programme issued invitations to women with no record of a previous smear. This call was very good value, at £5780 per life saved or £159 per life‐year saved at 1991 prices. The first priority for the cervical screening service should be comprehensive coverage.


Objective To determine the function of tumor necrosis factor alpha(TNF-α) and interleukin 8(IL-8) in pregnancy-induced hypertension syndrome(PIH)and analyse the effect of PIH on placental insufficiency.Methods Thirty-five PIH pregnant women(15 PIH cases,10 cases with mild preeclampsia and 10 cases with severe preeclampsia) and 35 healthy women with full-term pregnancy were studied.TNF-α and IL-8 levels in the umbilical cord blood of their newborns were tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and statistically analysed.Results ① TNF-α and IL-8 levels were significantly higher in the umbilical cord blood of the newborns in PIH group than those in the normal control group(P0.05).② TNF-α and IL-8 levels were higher in mild and severe preeclampsia groups than those in the PIH group(P0.05),and higher in severe preeclampsia group than those in mild preeclampsia group(P0.05).③ With the development of PIH,TNF-α and IL-8 levels were both increased and positively correlated.Conclusion TNF-α and IL-8 levels are significantly increased in the umbilical cord blood of the newborns with PIH mothers,which is related with the disease severity.The increased TNF-α and IL-8 can damage the vessel endothelial,result in narrow vascular and decrease blood perfusion which would affect the blood supply of the placenta and lead to placenta dysfunction.


Social media sites and applications have allowed people to share their comments, opinions, and point of views in different languages on mass scale. Arabic language is one of the languages that has seen huge surge in production of its digital textual content. The Arabic content and its metadata are a goldmine of useful information for a wide variety of applications. A large number of researchers are working on Arabic data in various domains of research such as natural language processing, sentiment analysis, event detection, named entity recognition, etc. This article presents a review of number of such studies conducted between 2014 and 2019 using their data sources from social media websites. We found that Twitter was the most used source to contribute data for dataset construction for Arabic text mining researchers. Our study also found that the Sport Vector Machine (SVM) and Naïve Bayesian (NB) classifiers were the most used classifiers in the previous researches. Moreover, the results of the previous studies indicate that SVM classifier provided the best performance compared to other classifiers.


ABSTRACT The different variants of presentation of Electronic Spectroscopy of Diffuse Reflections spectra of superficial titan-oxide structures synthesized by Molecular Layering method on the dispersible solid matrixes were observed. For the characterization of such structures using of Fermi-Dirak statistics is offered. It's shown that mathematical processing of composite spectra with using of Fermi-Dirak distribution function support to spectra separation and allocates the contribution of superficial structures with various coordination of atom-modifier.


Based on the issue of ultimate ownership, the article takes companies controlled by family listed on SMEs Board before December 31, 2007 as research subjects, analyses the influence of separation of control rights and cash flow rights on firm value, and pays more attention to the function of balance mechanism. It is found that the separation of control rights and cash flow rights has negative influence on company performance, while the balance mechanism has positive influence on improving the "entrenchment effects". However, the independent director is difficult to fully play its role of supervision and restriction.


Abstract Spurious entropy is often used as a criterion by which the accuracy of a numerical solution of the Euler equations may be judged. In the case of subcritical, compressible flows, we have been able to develop a mathematical theory relating the observed spurious entropy to its local generation. Moreover, the theory may be expressed in terms of the finite volume residual for the Euler equations and hence related to the theory of adaptive finite element methods. We have analysed the formula for the local generation of the spurious entropy and have shown it to be made up of terms of very simple form for which the effect of mesh quality can be assessed. In order to demonstrate the effectiveness of the theory in the context of adaptive grid generation, the local estimator is coupled with an existing mesh movement algorithm, with much improved results being obtained.


Glucocorticoids are among the most widely used agents for the treatment of inflammatory diseases. The primary mechanism of glucocorticoid action is via the glucocorticoid receptor (GR), which blocks the expression of proinflammatory cytokines and adhesion molecules. Repression of many pro‐inflammatory genes occurs by inhibition of transcription factors including nuclear factor κB (NFκB) and activator protein‐1 (AP‐1). In this article, we discuss the physiological and molecular interaction that occurs between GR and proinflammatory cytokines signaling pathways. IUBMB Life, 55: 497‐504, 2003


In this paper, we propose a stream cipher; non-linear snow 2.0 by embedding non-linear function in dynamic feedback based modified snow 2.0 along with analysis of Guess and Determine (GD) Attack. The proposed non linear snow 2.0 uses two linear feedback shift registers (LFSR) in addition to the non-linear function to make the static nature of modified snow 2.0 dynamic. In non linear snow 2.0, the feed back change accepts values at dynamic tap positions rather than static so its structure is considered as dynamic and non linear. Experimental results show that proposed non-linear snow 2.0 has more resistance against guess and determine attack as compare to dynamic feedback based modified snow 2.0 without non-linear function and static feedback based modified snow 2.0. We conclude that for the encryption of plaintext non-linear snow 2.0 is more secure against guess and determine attack.


Authorial presence is the prominent feature of personal metadiscourse. The most significant representation of the writer's visibility can be represented by using personal pronouns. It helps to establish a direct link between the writer and reader through text. Conversely, writer's persona in research theses has not received much attention, especially in the field of English and Psychology in Pakistani context. Viewing academic discourse as an interaction, this paper investigates the use of writers' visibility markers in Pakistani research theses of English and Psychology. Drawing on Karahan's (2012) classification, the frequency and discourse functions of personal pronouns were explored. The results of this investigation exhibit significant variation in the exploitation of self-mentioning pronouns across two disciplines.


One of the primary tasks of the Astrochemistry Laboratory at Ames Research Center is to use laboratory simulations to study the chemical processes that occur in dense interstellar clouds. Since new stars are formed in these clouds, their materials may be responsible for the delivery of organics to new habitable planets and may play important roles in the origin of life. These clouds are extremely cold (less than 50 kelvin), and most of the volatiles in these clouds are condensed onto dust grains as thin ice mantles. These ices are exposed to cosmic rays and ultraviolet (UV) photons that break chemical bonds and result in the production of complex molecules when the ices are warmed (as they would be when incorporated into a star-forming region). Using cryovacuum systems and UV lamps, this study simulates the conditions of these clouds and studies the resulting chemistry. Some of the areas of progress made in 1999 are described below. It shows some of the types of molecules that may be formed in the interstellar medium. Laboratory simulations have already confirmed that many of these compounds are made under these conditions.


This letter presents the results of magnetic studies of thin film, periodic, Pd/Co layered structures with ultrathin cobalt (4–13 A). We show that films with Co thicknesses less than 8 A are easy to magnetize along a direction normal to the film surface. The best films have a saturation magnetization of about 500 emu/cm3 and a coercivity of 550 Oe, and thus they are candidates for a vertical magnetic recording medium. We attribute the perpendicular magnetic easy axis in these films to surface anisotropy at Pd/Co interfaces and strain in thin Co layers.


SUMMARY State agencies conduct annual surveys to evaluate insect development as a component of integrated pest management programs. Precise timing of insecticide applications can be a key ingredient of such programs. A model is developed to predict insect development as a function of temperature history and other environmental variables. The model serves as the basis of a Dirichlet-multinomial distribution describing the number of larvae in a sample that are likely to have reached discrete observable life stages. The analysis incorporates the spatial variation in larval development from sampling point to sampling point within a site, which is superimposed upon the multinomial distribution of the observed development of larvae in each sample. For the spruce budworm population considered, it was found that for samples of twenty or more larvae the variation in larval development from point to point within a site, and not the number of larvae collected, controlled the information pertaining to regional larval development provided by such samples.


Using two autotetraploid indica rice [IR36( 4) and IR28( 4) ],two autotetraploid japonica rice [Zijing( 4) and Xindao 10( 4) ]and their corresponding diploid counterparts,i. e.,IR36( 2),IR28( 2),Zijing( 2) and Xindao 10( 2) as the materials,the pollen fertility and seed-setting rate of the F 2 populations of indica-japonica intersubspecific hybrids from autotetraploid rice were compared with those from diploid rice. The results showed that the F 2 populations of indica-japonica intersubspecific hybrids from autotetraploid rice were normal in the process of male gametophyte and male gamet development,with a pollen fertility ranging from 90. 01% to 95. 60% and a seed-setting rate of 71. 22% ~ 95. 78%,while those from diploid rice were very poor in pollen fertility( 9. 60% ~ 11. 20%) and seed-setting rate( 0 ~ 19. 45%).


Introduction: Spectroscopic analyses of lunar materials (samples in the laboratory and the lunar surface using remote sensors) have been quite successful in identifying several iron-bearing minerals and mapping their distribution across the Moon [1, 2]. The origin of diagnostic absorption features is well founded in mineral physics [3], and for lunar materials is most commonly linked to ferrous iron. However, the principal crustal component derived from lunar magma ocean crystallization, cumulate plagioclase, was initially identified by the lack of any discernible mafic absorption features across the near-infrared (NIR) region [2, 4]. Since these featureless areas occurred in the Al-rich highlands [5], and plagioclase dominates the returned highland samples, the logic for plagioclase identification by a lack of ferrous features in remote sensing data was generally accepted. Nevertheless, when mafic minerals are absent, NIR spectra of relatively transparent crystalline plagioclase measured in the laboratory exhibits a regular absorption band centered near 1.25 μm (1250 nm) [6], even when the FeO content of plagioclase is only 0.1-0.3%. All available laboratory spectra of lunar anorthosite samples, some of which contain shock effects (planar fractures, maskelynite) [7, 8], exhibit the diagnostic absorption properties of crystalline plagioclase (Fig. 1).


The growing significance attributed to the past has been witnessed in both interest and concern for heritage by a variety of groups, such as local communities, governments, academics, owners, business entities, developers, tourists and others identified as heritage stakeholders, users, or markets of heritage. The "ubiquitous reach" (Lowenthal 1998) of heritage derives from it being perceived as human centered, socially constructed, more of a public than a private good, and a common legacy belonging to all mankind (Loulanski 2006). Such a perception has gradually centre staged heritage dissemination while it is becoming an important aspect of economic development. Heritage, though, cannot be thought of as a commodity in the conventional sense, as it has to be credible when presenting visitors with something they will consider authentic. Thus, when heritage is represented and promoted in online guidebooks the latter not only provide cultural, historical representations of a destination (Samson 2016a). They also build and disseminate heritage knowledge. But can such representations be considered credible? To date, a plethora of studies has examined several issues regarding website credibility, including site design features (Fogg et al. 2001; Flanagin and Metzger 2007; Palmer et al. 2000), cross-media comparisons (Kiousis 2001), source attributions (Sundar and Nass 2001), and the role of users' reliance on web-based information (Johnson and Kaye 2000, 2002). However, the diversity of information on the web suggests further research, in particular of those websites that might be highly relevant for academic and professional ends as, for instance, the many heritage communication websites. Thus, this chapter aims to extend extant research by analysing the repeated use of clusters, that is, the multi-word combinations occurring within a corpus of online heritage guidebooks of Florence (OHGFLO). Moreover, the examination of how the clusters are implemented can reveal which discursive strategies are adopted to represent, maintain and disseminate credible heritage knowledge on the Web. For this purpose, I seek to answer the following questions: Which are the most frequent clusters emerging in a corpus of online heritage guidebooks of Florence (OHGFLO)? How are the recurring clusters used to maintain and disseminate credible heritage information in OHGFLO? The remainder of the chapter is organized as follows. Section 2 defines the concept of heritage. Section 3 discusses prior research on guidebooks and website credibility. Section 4 describes the corpus and explains the methodology used, section 5 presents and analyses the findings and in section 6 the concluding observations are discussed.