The purpose of the study is to reveal the pedagogical conditions for teaching a professionally oriented foreign language at a university. The article discusses ways to achieve effective assimilation by students of the necessary amount of knowledge, skills and communication skills in a foreign language for professional purposes. The scientific novelty lies in the fact that within the framework of the work the author noted those forms of work with the audience that allow students to successfully achieve educational results. As a result, pedagogical conditions (cognitive, value, activity) are identified that affect the effective solution of educational problems of professionally oriented teaching of a foreign language for legal students, as well as individual psychological components of the organization of the educational environment, aimed at creating comfortable conditions for learning a foreign language.


The authors consider a fractal network of nonlinear resistors, with the voltage V behaving as a power of the current I, mod V mod =R mod I mod alpha . The resistance between two points at a distance L is R(L) varies as Lzeta ( alpha ). They prove that zeta (0) describes the scaling of the topological-chemical distance, while zeta ( infinity ) describes that of the number of singly connected 'red' bonds. For random resistors, they also consider the width of the resistance distribution, Delta R varies as L( zeta 2( alpha )). Values for zeta and zeta 2 are explicitly derived for two model fractals, and Delta R/R is found to grow with L for the Sierpinski gasket and alpha >1.612. The relevance of the results to percolation clusters is discussed.


This study aims to examine resilience to the diffusion factor of innovation in Islamic education services (Madrasah Ibtidaiyah) on zoning policies that have a major impact on school sustainability in making strategies as educational institutions that are trusted by the community. This study uses a critical theory paradigm of a qualitative approach with descriptive methods. The research reports are responding to his resilience with a positive attitude with a luck risk, focus on core values, flexible, trying to achieve goals, dare to take concrete steps, create self-conditions and environments that support high expectations and expectations of teachers, students, people parents, as well as developing participatory attitudes and responsibilities.


Objective: Enlargement of the vestibular aqueduct is a commonly detected inner ear abnormality and is inherited as an autosomal recessive trait caused by bi-allelic SLC26A4 mutations. Vertical transmission of EVA has rarely been reported in the literature. We report a case where EVA is inherited as a vertical transmission. Method: A bi-directional sequencing of SLC26A4 was performed to have a molecular genetic diagnosis of the 3 affected members of this family whose radiologic phenotype was documented by temporal bone CT. Results: The father and the mother as well as the proband were shown to have either EVA only or incomplete partition type II. The bi-directional sequencing of SLC26A4 demonstrated homozygous mutations of p.H723R and c.IVS7-2A>G from the father and the mother, respectively. The proband turned out to be a compound heterozygote of p.H723R and c.IVS7-2A>G. Conclusion: Given a wide variety of etiology for congenital deafness, it is interesting to find an assortative mating between EVA patients. We observed a vertical transmission of EVA and documented that SLC26A4 mutations segregating in the family with vertical transmission of EVA, which is usually inherited as a recessive manner.


Aim. To investigate the association of parental and adolescents' screen time with self-rated health and to examine the mediating effects of psychosocial factors (social relationships and distress) on this association. Method. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 984 Brazilian adolescents (10- to 17-year-olds). Self-rated health, screen time (adolescents and parental), and perception of social relationships and distress were evaluated through self-report questionnaires. Structural equation modeling was adopted to investigate the pathways of the relationship between adolescents' screen time and self-rated health. Results. Adolescents' screen time was directly and negatively related to self-rated health only in boys (r = −0.158, p = .015). In girls, screen time was related to self-rated health through distress (r = −0.188, p = .007) and social relationships (r = 0.176, p = .008). The models fit was adequate (χ2/df ≤ 3.0, root mean square error of approximation <0.08, comparative fit index >0.90, and Tucker–Lewis Index >0.90). Conclusions. Higher screen time was associated with poor self-rated health in boys, while in girls, psychosocial factors mediated the adverse relationships between screen time and self-rated health.


Biological cell membranes are complex structures containing mainly lipids and proteins. Functional aspects of such membranes are usually attributed to membrane integral proteins. However, it is well established that parameters of the lipid matrix are modifying the function of proteins. Additionally, electrical capacity and conductance of the plain lipid matrix of membranes are contributing directly to cellular functions as there is, for example, the propagation of action potentials. Accordingly the dependence of these parameters on changes of gravity might be important in the field of life sciences under space conditions. In this study consequently we have performed experiments in parabolic flight campaigns utilizing the patch-clamp technology to investigate conductance and capacity of plain lipid vesicle membranes under conditions of changing gravity. Both capacity and conductance were found to be gravity dependent. The changes in capacity could be contributed to changes in membrane geometry. Significant permeability in plain lipid membranes could be only observed at high potentials, where spontaneous current fluctuations occurred. The probability of these fluctuations was gravity dependent.


The core of our question-answering mechanism is searching for predefined patterns of textual expressions that may be interpreted as answers to certain types of questions. The presence of such patterns in analyzed answer-string candidates may provide evidence of the right answer. The answer-string candidates are created by cutting up relatively-large source documents passages containing the query terms or their synonyms/substitutes. indicative patterns. The specificity of our approach is: placing the use of indicative patterns in the core of the QA approach; aiming at the comprehensive and systematic use of such indicators; defining various structural types of the indicative patterns, including nontrivial and sophisticated ones; developing accessory techniques that ensure effective performance of the approach. We believe that the use of indicative patterns for question answering can be considered as a special case of the more general approach to text information retrieval that contrasts with linguisticsoriented methodology. Introduction We decided to participate in the TREC-10 Question Answering track with a purpose to test certain specific features of the text processing technology we are developing in the framework of our CrossReader project. This technology is aimed at presenting to a user the needed information directly, i.e. instead of documents, or sources containing potentially relevant information. The query-relevant sentences or short passages are extracted from the processed documents and judiciously arranged; so, new full texts emerge that are focused precisely on the user's subject (Subbotin, 1993; Gilyarevskii, 1993; Perez, 2001). The latest version of this technology the TextRoller system uses not only key words, but also positive and negative patterns for choosing and arranging text items. For the TREC-10 Question Answering task we have developed a variant of our basic technology that searches for candidate answers using key words (from the question text) and chooses the most probable answer using patterns. The participation at TREC-10 was a test for some basic mechanisms of our technology. Now, after this test was successfully passed, these mechanisms will be implemented in the new TextRoller versions. Basic Features of the Applied Approach It seems that many systems participating at TREC QA track represent the question (or its reformulations) as a set of entities and relations between them in order to compare these entities and relations with those of candidate answers texts; the answer candidate that correlates at the highest degree with the question text gets the highest score. By contrast, our QA system checks the answer candidates for the presence of certain predefined indicators (patterns) to which scores were assigned beforehand, i.e. independently of the question text analysis. Candidate snippets containing the highest-scored indicators are chosen as final answers. It is obvious from the above that the applied approach does not require NLP or knowledge-based analysis of the question text. This text is considered as just a string consisting of various substrings. These are used, first of all, for composing queries helping to retrieve passages containing answer candidates. If present in candidate answers texts, they are considered as a condition of applicability of a given indicative pattern for a given question, but they do not influence the score of the pattern (as said above, it is predefined beforehand). The efficiency of this approach depends on the quantity and diversification of predefined indicative patterns as well as on the recall of passages containing candidate answers. We could not rely on the presence of predefined patterns in the texts of candidate answers for every question. If case of neither pattern was found, the system used the more common way to choose among candidate answers basing on lexical similarity between the question and an answer snippet. From 289 answer strings that were correct responses 193 did contain the patterns. Non-matching any patterns, but containing question (query) terms were 64. Other (containing minor indicators, such as capitalized words, or randomly selected) 32. To some extent, many QA-Track participants (at TRECs 8 and 9) had used what we call the indicative patterns. The specificity of our approach is: placing the use of indicative patterns in the core of the QA approach; aiming at the comprehensive and systematic use of such indicators; defining various structural types of the indicative patterns, including nontrivial and sophisticated ones; developing accessory techniques that ensure effective performance of the approach. In (Sanda Harabagiu et al., 2000) the term "definition patterns" was introduced as "associated with questions that inquire about definitions". This kind of patterns was widely used by our QA system, although in many cases they were effective in combination with some additional indicators (see section "How patterns work"). It is also noteworthy that we did not confine the use of these patterns to questions inquiring about definitions. We assume, in general, that there should not be one-to-one correspondence between a given pattern and a question type. The same pattern can be applicable in answering many types of questions (getting a different score for each question type). The Library of Indicative Patterns The indicative patterns used by our QA system are sequences or combinations of certain string elements, such as letters, punctuation marks, spaces, tokens (such as "&", "%", or "$"), digits, and words/phrases that are accumulated in special lists (see Fig. 1). Fig. 1. The general approach The way we defined indicative patterns is totally heuristic and inductive. At the initial stage the indicative patterns lists are accumulated basing on expressions that can be interpreted as answers to the questions of a definite type. For example: "Milan, Italy" present in any text passage can be considered (completely independently from the whole sense of the passage) as an answer to the question "Where is Milan". So, a pattern for the "Where" question type may be created: "city name; comma; country name". The string "Mozart (1756-1791)" contains answers to the questions about Mozart's birth and death dates, allowing construction of the pattern: "a person's name; parenthesis; four digits; dash; four digits; parenthesis ". We studied texts systematically with the purpose of identifying expressions that may serve as models for answer patterns. Some patterns components can be used for searching more complex structure patterns. The validity of a pattern for a given question type (and its score) can be tested in large text corpora. The library of patterns can never be complete. Identifying patterns while studying text corpora is a research field by itself, accumulating special knowledge on cooccurencies of text elements (characters, strings, as well as definite classes of characters and strings). So, it can be found that the string "Mr. " at a certain frequency level precedes one or two capitalized words, and the string "Jr." follows such words, etc. Thus, we can accumulate the knowledge on "typical" combinations and correlations of strings that correspond to personal names, to a persons age, to locations, dates, activities, etc. This requires the use of sophisticated tools and special methods. This knowledge area can become important not only for QA, but also for other text retrieval tasks. For example, we use such methodology for extracting and ordering of sentences resulting in a coherent description of the requested subject. The Structure of Indicative Patterns A pattern may include a constant part and a variable part. The latter can be represented by a query term or even an unknown term (the answer word/phrase proper that occupies a definite position in the sequence of pattern elements). We distinguish between two pattern categories: the first represents a complete structure while the second is a composite structure of specific pattern elements (see above). For TREC-10 we had prepared 51 lists of various patterns elements; for each question category 5 15 of such lists were applied for recognition of potential answers (see Fig. 2).


The technology of production and the microbiological quality of the "ciccioli" produced in Campania were examined in order to establish the shelf-life of the vacuum-packaged product. Our results suggest that it isn't suitable to extend the preservation over the 30 th day from the production, as for as they are not standardized and they optimize the phases of pressing and the operations of subdivision in small parts and the mechanization of packaging.


The integrity of power quality big data directly affects the state sensing accuracy and operation safety of the power system. Therefore, the recovery algorithm of power quality big data based on improved differential Kolding is studied to improve the big data recovery effect. The trend
 turning point is used to divide the time series of power quality big data, and the characteristic matrix of time series is constructed. The recovery model of power quality big data is built according to the characteristic matrix. By improving the differential Kriging solution model, the estimated
 value of the data to be recovered is obtained and the big data recovery is completed. Experimental results show that the convergence speed is the fastest when the initial scaling factor is 0.3. The algorithm can effectively recover the big data of random missing and continuous missing. In
 different fault recovery scenarios, the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is high, the structure similarity value is high, the data recovery accuracy is accurate, and the integrity of the restored data is better.


This paper proposes a simple charge balancing method for voltage mode stimulation which can precisely balance the injected charge in order to avoid electrode dissolution or tissue damage using high-frequency voltage pulses. By explaining the tissue model, the effect of such a high-frequency pulses is investigated. Additionally, a prototype of the system is implemented by employing low power off-the-shelf discrete components. The experimental results show the proper performance of the proposed system.


Our paper provides insights into the evolving temporal features of global work by examining the transformation of traditional futures markets facilitated by etrading. This study allows us to examine the temporal features of leaders' strategic response to processes of globalization as well as changes in traders' work. We highlight the connections and mutual implications between work (industrial) and global times, which have the potential to facilitate or hinder the transformation process. The strategic response of the different exchange leaders' is influenced by the tempo of uncertainty and the emergence of past/present/future relationships, which leads to a unique appropriation of etrading associated with the process of 'glocalization' across their markets. Furthermore, with the development of a virtual pit community, new levels of 'flexibility' are increasingly required of traders in accessing several markets across multiple zones. In this process, time boundaries shift and expand and there may be increased social risk for some traders with particular skill sets and traditional forms of expertise.


This research aimed to determine the effect of job training and job information both individually and collectively toward job readiness skills program students Engineering Software Engineering class XII at SMK Muhammadiyah 1 Bantul. This research is a kind of ex post facto research using a quantitative approach. The subjects were students of class XII RPL skills program of the school year 2012/2013. Collecting data using questionnaires. Evidence of the validity of instruments tend to be done by expert judgment and empirically using Pearson Product Moment Correlation. Evidence of reliability was calculated using statistical software Microsoft Office Excel 2007. Analysis using descriptive statistical techniques and statistical parametric regression testing technique with multiple and simple regression using a 5% significance level.
Research results indicate that (1) There is a significant effect of the job training students with job readiness regression line equation Y = 17 460 + 0.545X1, with a correlation coefficient (rX1Y) of 0238 and the effective contribution given 5.9%. (2) There is a significant influence on job readiness job information with the regression line equation Y = 49 487 + 0.291X2, with a correlation coefficient (rx2y) of 0374 and the effective contribution given 14.3%. (3) There is a significant effect of job training and job information for job readiness together with the regression line equation Y = 0.296 + 0.569X1 0298 + X2, with a correlation coefficient (RX1X2Y) by 0449 and double the effective contribution given together -at 20.2%, while the remaining 79.8% is explained by other variables not examined.
Keywords: Field Work Practices, Information Work, work readiness


This is a case report of a 59-year old gentleman presenting to the surgical emergency unit with symptoms and signs suggestive of acute appendicitis. An ultrasound scan revealed a mixed echogenic area measuring 5 cm × 2 cm within the right iliac fossa. At laparoscopic appendicectomy the appendix was enclosed in a matt of small bowel and omentum. Histology revealed Appendix Diverticulitis (AD). Postoperative recovery was uneventful and the patient discharged 4 days later. The association between AD and appendix neoplasm is strong. Colonoscopy is recommended in such patients if such a lesion is not found in the appendix remnant. Deepak Singh-Ranger* and Manel Mangalika Department of General Surgery, Royal Wolverhampton NHS Trust, UK


Abstract The Global Positioning System (GPS) is a very accurate positioning tool and has been successfully applied to surveying, geodesy, navigation and many other fields. The paper provides an overview of GPS in navigation. It first briefly describes the development and principles of GPS; then discusses the different GPS based positioning methods in navigation; and finally, reviews the various systems for air, land and marine navigation.


This monograph discusses the factors that promote and differentiate the growth of Agro business in Brazil. There is a concern to demonstrate the performance of agricultural productivity and the many transformations which have affected the development of measured indicators. In addition to that, it is also a worry to analyse the conditioning factors of productivity's growth, thus making Agro business one of the most strategic economic sectors for the consolidation of the economy stabilisation programme, playing a major role and having a likewise effect over the Brazilian GDP - Gross Domestic Product.


A biomass fuelled CCHP system with fossil fuel supplement can be more reliable and flexible. In this work, the influence of different mixture ratios of biogas and liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) on the waste heat output of internal combustion engine (ICE) is studied. Based on the waste heat output, three different thermally activated chillers such as single effect absorption chiller, mixed effect absorption chiller and adsorption chiller are investigated. An experiment is conducted to study the generation of biogas through biomass gasification and to test the composition of biogas. By modeling ICE, the quantity of waste heat in both exhaust gas and jacket water is calculated while mixture ratios of biogas and LPG are varying. By modeling different thermally activated chillers, the cooling capacities are obtained under different quantity of waste heat. Performance of power generation unit (PGU), thermally activated chillers as well as the whole system is analyzed accordingly.


Apoptotic cells trigger immune tolerance in engulfing phagocytes. This poorly understood process is believed to contribute to the severe immunosuppression and increased susceptibility to nosocomial infections observed in critically ill sepsis patients. Extracellular high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is an important mediator of both sepsis lethality and the induction of immune tolerance by apoptotic cells. We have found that HMGB1 is sensitive to processing by caspase-1, resulting in the production of a fragment within its N-terminal DNA-binding domain (the A-box) that signals through RAGE to reverse apoptosis-induced tolerance. In a two-hit mouse model of sepsis, we show that tolerance to a secondary infection and its associated mortality were effectively reversed by active immunization with DCs treated with HMGB1 or the A-box fragment, but not a non-cleavable form of HMGB1. These findings represent a novel link between caspase-1 and HMGB1, with potential therapeutic implications in infectious and inflammatory diseases. Sepsis is a leading cause of mortality in intensive care units. However, lack of understanding of the underlying pathological mechanisms has hindered therapeutic success in the clinic (1,2). Sepsis is defined as the host response to overwhelming infection or injury leading to immune dysfunction and organ failure. It is now well established that following an early cytokine storm, sepsis patients become severely immunosuppressed, which renders them susceptible to secondary nosocomial infections. Human and animal studies indicate that massive leukocyte apoptosis occurs in sepsis and suppresses immunity by triggering a tolerogenic program in antigen–presenting cells (2-10). As a result, sepsis patients have impaired delayed-type http://www.jbc.org/cgi/doi/10.1074/jbc.M113.541474 The latest version is at JBC Papers in Press. Published on January 28, 2014 as Manuscript M113.541474 Copyright 2014 by The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc. by gest on July 0, 2020 hp://w w w .jb.org/ D ow nladed from The inflammasome regulates HMGB1 immunogenic activity 2 hypersensitivity (DTH) and are often unable to mount an immune response to recall antigens (11,12). HMGB1 was initially identified in the early 1970s as a chromatin-associated protein, consisting of two DNA-binding domains (termed Aand Bboxes) and a highly acidic C-terminal tail (reviewed in (13)). It was later recognized that HMGB1 accumulates in the circulation of patients and mice during sepsis and that its neutralization improves sepsis survival in experimental animal models (14,15). Together these results implicated HMGB1 as a late mediator of sepsis lethality. A consensus on how HMGB1 exerts its immunomodulatory roles in sepsis remains elusive. Several studies have shown that HMGB1 functions as a cytokine by inducing the release of pro-inflammatory factors such as TNFα and IL-6, a function that has been mapped to the B-box domain (16,17). Meanwhile other groups associated these observations to the use of HMGB1 preparations purified from bacterial systems, as HMGB1 can complex with pathogen associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) (18-23). Interestingly, administration of recombinant Abox was reported to protect mice from experimental sepsis (15). The discovery of HMGB1's regulation by oxidation has exposed yet another level of biological complexity. Different configurations of oxidative states on three cysteine residues, C C and C, have been correlated with modified activities of extracellular HMGB1 (reviewed in (24)). Our previous investigations of the effects of cell death modalities on the immune response have pointed to HMGB1 as a central determinant of the immunogenic versus tolerogenic effects of dying cells. We have reported that HMGB1 released from necrotic cells was immunogenic while that released from apoptotic cells was tolerogenic (25). This differential effect was linked to the redox state of HMGB1, such that oxidation of C during apoptosis was sufficient to inhibit its immunogenic activity (25). In a separate study, we found that HMGB1 may be targeted for processing by caspase-1 (26), which prompted us to explore whether caspase-1 and the upstream inflammasome pathways interact with HMGB1 to modulate its immunogenic activities (25). Here, we report that HMGB1 is sensitive to caspase-1 processing at aspartate D within the Abox. We also show that the A-box fragment contains the immunogenic determinants of HMGB1 and it is necessary and sufficient to reverse apoptosis-induced tolerance through RAGE. In a two-hit mouse model of sepsis, we show that tolerance to a secondary Candida infection was effectively reversed by active immunization with DCs treated with HMGB1 or the A-box fragment, but not a non-cleavable form of HMGB1. Collectively, these observations suggest a new link between the inflammasome and the regulation of HMGB1 activity, and describe a direct functional interaction between A-box and RAGE that may shed light on the protective effects of A-box administration during experimental sepsis. EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURES Materials and Reagents-Active recombinant caspases-1, -3 and -11 were obtained from BioMol (Enzo Life Sciences, Farmingdale, NY). Active recombinant caspases-2, -5, -7 and -9 were from Merck Research Laboratories. M2 Agarose, Flag peptide, Lipopolysaccharide (LPS; Escherichia coli serotype 0111:B4), adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP), TNBS (2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid), Puromycin dihydrochloride, anti-β-actin, anti-Flag, anti-HMGB1 antibodies were from Sigma-Aldrich (St-Louis, MO). Anti-caspase-1 p10 was from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (Santa Cruz, CA). Secondary immunoblot HRPconjugated antibodies were from Amersham (GE Healthcare, Little Chalfont, UK). RNase inhibitors and protease inhibitors were from Roche (Indianapolis, IN). In vitro transcription/translation kit was from Promega (Madison, WI). S-labeled methionine was from Perkin Elmer (Waltham, MA). QuikChange site-directed mutagenesis kit was from Stratagene (La Jolla, CA). Recombinant HMGB1 full-length, mutants and fragments were generated and purified by the Biotechnology Research Institute (National Research Council of Canada, Pointe-Claire, Qc) using a proprietary mammalian HEK293-6E cell line and IMAC Fractogel Cobalt column, as previously described (27). Recombinant mammalian sRAGE was from Prospec (East Brunswick, NJ) and V-C1 and VC1-C2 constructs were generated by Dr. Tsian Xiao at NIH (Bethesda, MD). HMGB1 synthetic peptides were generated at >90% purity by Anaspec (Fremont, CA). Candida albicans by gest on July 0, 2020 hp://w w w .jb.org/ D ow nladed from The inflammasome regulates HMGB1 immunogenic activity 3 antigen Candin was from Allermed Laboratories (San Diego, CA). Immortalized Hmgb1 and Hmgb1 MEF cell lines were from HMGBiotech (Milan, Italy). Animal experiments-All knockout mice were on a C57BL/6 background. Wild-type C57BL/6 and 129/S1 mice were from Charles River Laboratories (Wilmington, MA). Mice were housed in the McGill University Comparative Medicine Animal Resources Centre facility or the Washington University Animal facility under standard temperature and light and dark cycles. All euthanizing was done by CO2 overdose. All animal experimental protocols and clinical endpoints were approved by the McGill University Animal Care Committee or the Washington University IACUC according to Canadian Council on Animal Care and NIH guidelines, respectively. Cloning and mutagenesis of HMGB1-The open reading frame (ORF) of human HMGB1 was PCR amplified from a pCMV-SPORT6 vector containing the HMGB1 cDNA purchased from the American Type Culture Collection (clone MGC5223). Point mutants were generated by sitedirected mutagenesis according to manufacturer's instructions. For generation of mammalian recombinant full-length HMGB1 and fragments, inserts were PCR-amplified from the wild-type or non-cleavable mutant HMGB1 cDNA in PCDNA3.1(+) and subcloned into a proprietary high-expression pTT5 vector (BRI-National Research Council Canada) to generate gene products containing 3xFlag-8His tags on the Nterminal of the HMGB1 ORFs. To generate the D67A, D67E, D158A and D158E single mutants the HMGB1 wild-type construct was subsequently mutated by site-directed mutagenesis. Sequence integrity of all constructs and mutants was confirmed by DNA sequencing. In vitro transcription/translation-Smethionine-labeled substrates were obtained using a coupled in vitro transcription/translation TnT Reticulocyte lysates system according to manufacturer's instructions. Where indicated, in vitro transcribed/translated S-labeled Flag-tagged HMGB1 was affinity purified from the reticulocyte mixture on M2 agarose beads in maximum stringency RIPA buffer with extensive washes and eluted from the beads by affinitycompetition with Flag peptide. Caspase cleavage assays-Cleavage of the in vitro transcribed/translated S-labeled substrates was performed as previously described (26) Proteins were resolved by Tricine-SDS-PAGE, transferred to nitrocellulose membranes and exposed to autoradiography film for 4h or used in western analysis. Isolation of dendritic cells (DCs)CD8α DCs were purified from mice treated by i.v. injection of 10 PFU Adenovirus-Flt3L to expand splenic DC populations. Purification was performed on spleens from treated mice using a DC enrichment kit and a PE-positive selection kit (StemCell Technologies, Vancouver, BC) with an antiCD8α-PE antibody (clone 53-6.7, BioLegend, San Diego, CA). Bone marrow-derived DCs (BMDCs) were generated as previously described (25). Delayed Type Hypersensitivity Assays-Reversal of tolerance experiments were carried out as previously described (25). For the priming assays, MEFs were first exposed to 10mM TNBS at room temperature for 5 min, washed with PBS and made necrotic by 5 freeze/thaw cycles and added to the overnight co-culture at a ratio of 1:1 DC:necrotic cell immediately after freeze/thaw. DCs expos


Digitalis works not only as a positive agent in congestive heart but as a modulator of neurosecretion as well. Opposite to its positive inotropic activity the latter refers to small doses. It leads to restoring of the autonomic balance. Its effect is resulted from the increased vagal activity that suppresses the adrenergic tone. Disregulating of the neurosecreting system may occur in patients with left ventricular impairment even without symptoms of left ventricular failure. Digitalis then besides stimulating contractility stops the neurosecretion and may be used not only to improve hemodynamics but also to slow the process of progressive deterioration of cardiac function.


Pilot unit Zirflex dissolutions were carried out on near prototypical tube-in-tube type elements clad in oxidized Zircaloy. The runs were made with the elements horizontal and at simulated large scale operating conditions. No significant difference was noted between the actual decladding achieved in these experiments and that which was predicted from prior studies on similarly oxidized elements with somewhat different geometries. No gas blanketing nor diffusion effects were observed. Initially, preferential attack was noted on areas where oxide film had been scratched or handled. However, near the end of a run a random distribution of undissolved cladding existed; 90% of the cladding was removed in 6.5 hours. (auth)


For the important special case that costs are linear and stationary over time, an improved algorithm is presented for the dynamic lot size model with backlogging which is comparable in difficulty to the standard no-backlogging algorithm. Planning horizon procedures analogous to those given by Lundin-Morton and Blackburn-Kunreuther are also developed. The results are also generalized to the concave cost case.


In this article, which is a supplementary article to the TICS July Special Issue on probabilistic models of cognition, we will introduce some of the tools that can be used to address these challenges. The plan of the article is as follows. First, we introduce Bayesian inference, which is at the heart of many probabilistic models. We then consider how to define structured probability distributions, introducing some of the key ideas behind graphical models, which can be used to represent the dependencies among a set of variables. Finally, we discuss two algorithms that are used to evaluate the predictions of probabilistic models: the Expectation-Maximization (EM) algorithm, and Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC). Several books provide a more detailed discussion of these topics in the context of statistics [8–10], machine learning [11–13], and artificial intelligence [14–16].


In this article we deal with the free Banach lattice FBL〈L〉 generated by a lattice L. We prove that if FBL〈L〉 is projective then L has a maximum and a minimum. On the other hand, we show that if L has maximum and minimum then FBL〈L〉 is 2lattice isomorphic to a C(K)-space. As a consequence, FBL〈L〉 is projective if and only if it is lattice isomorphic to a C(K)-space with K being an absolute neighborhood retract. As an application, we characterize those linearly ordered sets and Boolean algebras for which the corresponding free Banach lattice is projective.


This article situates the digital model of SARS-CoV-2 within a longer history of imagining technologies that have given visual form to scientific phenomena. Using the Protein Data Bank of three-dimensional models, medical illustrators constructed a model of the protein-spiked virus. What does it mean to make something invisible to the naked eye tangible? What is the place of emotion, affect, and persuasion in this process? To answer these questions, this article compares the COVID-19 model with Niels Bohr's diagram of the atom and James Watson and Francis Crick's model of the DNA double-helix.


Intergovernmental conference (IGC) within the European integration context is a vehicle for institutional change. Based on the majority decision in the Council, the representatives of member states' governments convene to debate proposals for amendments to the founding treaties of the European Union (EU) and make decisions on the agreed changes, which are then subject to the ratification process in the member countries according to their constitutional requirements. This procedure was used for almost all treaty revisions until the Treaty of Lisbon in 2007 changed the rules. An ordinary revision procedure was introduced that assumes a role for the Convention to draft changes to the treaties, while keeping the IGC as a next step in the process. A simplified revision procedure was introduced for making adjustments to the internal policies and actions of the EU according to the Treaty on the Functioning of the EU, thus replacing the IGC by a unanimous decision of the European Council. The Merger Treaty of 1965, the Single European Act in 1986, and the Amsterdam Treaty in 1997 represent distinct steps in shaping the perception of the role of the IGC as an institution in the political process within the European Communities and the EU.


The people here are not aware of the significance of their acts. They only think they have turned Hebrew into a secular language. That they have released the apocalyptic sting out of it…but God will not remain silent in the language in which he was invoked again and again, thousands of times, to return into our lives.


Who gets to practice and participate in science? Research teams in Puerto Rico and New Zealand have each sequenced the genomes of parrot populations native to these locales: the iguaca and kākāpō, respectively. In both cases, crowdfunding and social media were instrumental in garnering public interest and funding. These forms of Internet-mediated participation impacted how conservation science was practiced in these cases and shaped emergent social roles and relations. As citizens "follow," fund, and "like" the labor of conservation, they create new relational possibilities for and with science. For example, the researchers became newly engaged and engaging by narrating and displaying the parrots via an Internet-inflected aesthetic. The visibility of online modalities shifted accountabilities as researchers considered whom this crowdfunded work answered to and how to communicate their progress and results. The affordances of the Internet allowed researchers from the peripheries of the scientific establishment to produce genomic knowledge for globally dispersed audiences. The convergence of genomic and Internet technology here shaped scientific practice by facilitating new modes of participation—for laypeople in science but also for scientists in society.


Experimental measurements of the structure of collision dominated shock waves propagating into a weakly magnetized hydrogen plasma are described. The initial magnetic field is varied in the range 0.035T to zero with corresponding Alfven Mach number in the range 2.5 to infinity and sonic Mach number in the range 6.5 to 2. At the lower field values the influence of the magnetic field on the shock dissipation is negligible. The measured shock structure is in general agreement with theoretical non-magnetic shock structure based on a two fluid model with classical transport coefficients in that (i) a precursor thermal wave exists ahead of the velocity transition, (ii) the velocity transition occurs in a distance approximately 2 lambda ii2 where lambda ii2 is the ion mean free path in the post-shock region, (iii) the electron heating within the shock is comparable with the ion heating.


An organization's ability to learn and translate that learning into action rapidly is the ultimate connpetitive business advantage. One key corporate responsibility is to enable people to use and develop their individual talents. Organizations must ensure that people can fulfill their needs and find their potential in their work experience. Jobs should be designed to match people's talents. Contributions to the quality of the workplace are highly valued. Organizations should provide a complete range of HR services including HR consulting, HR technology and HR outsourcing. Some organizations, like Infosys', are already using Human Capital Management (HCM) practice to help clients differentiate and achieve operational excellence. The present work represents how the organizations can bring right kind of talent at the work place and how that talent can be retained. Through literature survey eleven factors contributing to talent management have been identified which are: creativity&resourcefulness, problem solving&decision making, communication, team building, entrepreneurship, leadership, general managerial skills, learning ability, performance measurement, career development, inspirational capabilities. Various statistical tests like inter item analysis, correlation analysis, multiple regression are performed to examine the relationship between different factors and talent management on a sample of 100 trainees of ACC who were attending their training program at Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee. The results reveal that among all other factors inspirational capability is the prime factor contributing to talent management. On the other hand organization should put in more effort to creativity and innovativeness as these are the essential ingredients in the current global competitive environment for any organization to survive. Based on this study a model for talent management is suggested.


This paper addresses the right to health and the right to live in a healthy environment. In that sense, it is addressed the main national and international regulations as well as the bond between them. On this last point, we will try to explain how the quality of life appears as a common denominator between both rights.


Nucleosynthesis in the Universe with isothermal baryon-density fluctuations is investigated. It is shown that neutron diffusion during nucleosynthesis plays an important role. Systematic calculations in the wide ranges of parameters suggest that ..cap omega../sub /ital B//=1 is marginally consistent with the light-element abundances (D, /sup 3/He, /sup 4/He, /sup 7/Li) if the Hubble constant is as small as /ital H//sub 0/=45 km Mpc/sup /minus/1/sec/sup /minus/1/ or the mean lifetime of neutrons is shorter than 860 sec. Moreover it is found that the abundances of CNO elements in the low-density and neutron-rich region are very small.


Unmanned Aircraft (PTTA) is a controlled aircraft with no pilots in it. Unmanned Aircraft (PTTA) can be applied for monitoring and mapping. The real-time monitoring and mapping takes place in critical areas such as land tenure conflicts (mining, maritime, etc.), inter-state borders and plantation areas. The purpose of this Final Project is to manufacture the unmanned aircraft (PTTA) with the manufacture of fuselage, wing and tail parts. This final project involves fiberglass composite process for the manufacture of fuselage, wing, and tail parts, then machining and welding process which is drill machine for the manufacture of foot of thrower and gurdi machine to perforate the position of foot of thrower. The main components of this Final Project consist of fuselage, wing, tail, and throwing system as well as supporting component parts ie servo, propeller, battery, ESC, wheel, transmitter, cable, connector, electric motor, and remote controller as controller.

Keywords: Fuselage, wings, tail, and throwing system


A report is given on the sharp of the adenylacid system and of the pyridoxal-5-phosphate on the radiation protection effect of serotonin. It is evident there is a clear resistance increase in white mice with the intake of pyridoxal-5phosphate, adenosintriphosphate and also adenosinmonophosphate. Through the combined dose of pyridoxal-5phosphate + adenosintriphosphate or adenosinmonophosphate, an additivity in the protection effect is obtained, which approaches closely the effect of serotonin. If one gives animals serotonin plus adenosintriphosphate or adenosinmonophosphate, the protection effect is stronger than by the dosage of serotonin alone. The importance of adenosinmonophosphate, adenosintriphosphate, pyridoxal-5phosphate, and serotonin in connection with radiation processes is discussed. (auth)


Childhood overweight and obesity concerns continue to frame much of the discussion about physical activity in schools and school-based physical education. There are multiple factors impacting childhood obesity rates. Genetics, ethnicity, guardian education level, health-care access, food costs, cultural beliefs, policy, and energy-balance inequalities have all played a role in the current state of childhood overweight and obesity. Since schools are an ideal place to interact with children and adolescents of all body compositions, multiple researchers have attempted to design, implement, and evaluate school-based physical activity interventions. Many of the interventions have produced significant results. Overweight and obesity is not physical education's problem, but it does present an opportunity for physical education to grow as an academic discipline as new interventions and curricula are developed and disseminated. This article focused on the large-scale, school-based, physical activity interventions that needs to be designed, implemented, and evaluated using rigorous standards and policymaker and educational community support.


The utility model discloses an auxiliary clamp of a dial indicator measuring instrument, which comprises a base, a guide rail, a mobile station, an adjusting seat, an adjusting wheel, an adjusting screw rod, a guiding post, a compression spring, a V-shaped seat and a pressing plate, wherein the adjusting wheel and the adjusting screw rod are mounted in a rectangular groove in the side direction of the adjusting seat; the upper end of the adjusting screw rod is extended to the bottom part of the V-shaped seat after passing through a through hole on the adjusting seat, and is clamped in a T-shaped groove at the bottom part of the V-shaped seat through a T-shaped tip at the upper end of the adjusting screw rod; the gap between the T-shaped tip and the T-shaped groove can be eliminated under the action of the compression spring; the pressing plate is used for pressing an inner diameter dial indicator pole to be measured on the V-shaped seat through mutually perpendicular notches and bolts at the two ends of the pressing plate; and the adjusting seat is fixed on the movable station through bolts, and can move vertically on the guide rail. The auxiliary clamp adopting the structure can solve the problem that the prior dial indicator measuring instrument can not measure indication errors of inner diameter dial indicators.


Color poster with text and graphs describing research conducted by UWEC economics students under the supervision of Andrew Dane and Eric Jamelske.


Abstract The subject of this paper is the evaluation of monetary policy reaction function on panel data of 37 world economies, both advanced and emerging markets, during the period of 1995Q1 – 2018Q3. The paper aims to evaluate the role and importance of the exchange rate in monetary policy reaction function depending on the level of economic development. For this purpose, a relevant set of unbalanced panel data was formed with a balanced relationship between developed and emerging market economies. The methodology of empirical research is based on the econometric assessment of monetary policy reaction function within which the central bank adjusts its key policy rate to the dynamics of inflation, output gap and fluctuations of the real effective exchange rate. The research results confirm the hypothesis that the exchange rate represents a statistically significant variable only in the monetary policy reaction function of emerging market economies. In contrast, adequate specification of developed economies' monetary policy rule includes only standard macroeconomic fundamentals – inflation and output gap.


This article provides descriptive data on a statewide sample of all children referred for complete psychological evaluation during a school year. Basic demographic data, IQ, achievement, perceptual-motor, and behavior ratings, along with a diagnostic classification of learning, mental, or emotional disability or no handicap, were recorded and analyzed. Those labeled as learning disabled had a pattern that was clearly different from normals, low-achieving nonhandicapped, and those with other handicaps. Specifically, the learning disabled children had a larger degree of academic discrepancy and were more likely to have achievement that was deviant from grade level. Their behavior ratings on the Devereux suggested more difficulty than normal children with teacher dependency, inattentiveness, and comprehension. These findings indicate that in certain populations there are very basic differences between normals, low achievers, and learning disabled children.


In this work, dynamic recrystallization (DRX) behavior of 316LN austenitic stainless steel was studied by hot compression experiments at temperature range of 900~1200℃ and strain rate range of 0.005~0.5 s−1. The Arrhenius hyperbolic sine function was given to fit well with the hot deformation flow behavior of 316LN steel and the average activation energy (Q) was obtained. The variation of DRX fraction and average grain size was studied and modeled. Microstructural evolution of 316LN steel during hot deformation in condition of 1100℃ and 0.05s-1 was studied by EBSD analysis. It was found that twining plays a significant role in nucleation and growth of DRX during hot deformation. The nucleation of DRX in 316LN steel was characterized by bulging of serrated grain boundaries. Twining took place near the serrated grain boundary in large amount, accelerating the separation of bulging from deformed parent grains to form DRX nucleus. At the steady state strain, uniformly refined DRX grains almost took charge of the microstructure of 316LN steel.


This paper propose a transmission method for "Transportation system" that can decide precise position under wide area road traffic environment. For precise position detecting, central station collect multiple receiver station`s satellite navigation data and generate correction information. In this process, we need efficient real time transmission method for satellite navigation message that has variable data size. We propose real time data transmission method. This real time transmission method offer efficient processing structure for multiple receiver station`s satellite navigation message. This paper explains proposed real time transmission method and proofs this transmission method.


It is believed that the modern concept of quality is derived from the definition of Cicero, who in the first century BC created the Latin term "qualitas", which meant a characteristic, property of the object. In the seventeenth century AD Descartes introduced the dualistic concept of quality, distinguishing the primary quality (weight, shape) and the secondary quality that comes from the senses (smell, flavour). After the Second World War, an American scientist W.E. Deming in Japan introduced a method of quality control. In turn, J.M. Juran defined quality as the degree to which a particular product meets the needs of the buyer. In this way a system of total quality management was created. As a result of scientific research and Japanese and American practical implementations, in the years 1985-1987 the ISO series 9000 were formed. Polish accession to the European Union caused a significant increase in the interest in national quality standards in water companies, which is received highly positively by drinking water consumers. A creator of a probabilistic methodology for safety analysis of technical objects F.R. Framer said that the risk depends not only on the severity and extent of the possible failures, but also on their likelihood The risk may be considered tolerable (controlled) when the growing loss corresponds to strongly decreasing likelihood of a serious failure or disaster (Haimes 2009). "Defence in Depth Philosophy" relies on the use of multiple barriers for physical, technical, procedural and organizational security. The activation of any barrier causes reactions at the local levels of system security. Directive 98/83/EC of 3 November 1998 on the quality of water intended for human consumption has committed member states to monitoring the quality of water intended for human consumption (EPA 2006). Member States should take all necessary measures to ensure regular monitoring of water quality to verify that the water available to consumers meets the requirements of current international legal norms. In 2004 in the third edition of Guidelines for Drinking-Water Quality the WHO presented guidelines for the development of so-called Water Safety Plans (WSP) (WHO 2002, 2004). which are intended for collective systems of water supply, and which meet the requirements


Abstract : The number of Reserve Forces deployments continue to increase due to the restructuring of the Army, the emphasis on integration initiatives and the potential increase of peacekeeping missions. The Presidential Selected Reserve Call-up (PSRC) is exercised by the National Command Authority (NCA) under Title 10 United States Code (USC) Section 12302, which allows 200,000 Reserves to be called to active duty for up to 270 days of operational missions, other than during war or national emergencies. The purpose of this research is to provide an analysis of the PSRC process from the statutory and regulatory point of view. Many lessons were learned as a result of President Johnson's decision not to mobilize the Reserves during Vietnam. Efforts by Army Chief of Staff Creighton Abrams regarding the restructuring of the Army and the Reserves virtually guaranteed their availability in any substantial future conflict. The nations will regarding vital interests is seldom debated. Do we risk losing this national will of the people due to increased missions? This issue and also the impact on the use of the Reserves to those left behind, such as their families, their employers and the civilian community who depend on them during peacetime will be discussed.


A hospital nurse has scooped an award for devising a needs assessment tool to help healthcare workers get to know patients with dementia.


Wang Zhaowen is a Marxism theoretician of literature and art,aesthetician,sculptor,art educator.He is a new china pioneer and founder of Marxism theoretician of literature and art and aesthetics.One of Wang Zhaowen's aesthetics characteristics is using dialectics and fusion mode of thinking to understand and master aesthetics.This article tries to annotate Wang Zhaowen's aesthetics theory from the angle of dialectics and fusion theory mode of thinking.


MITRA-FR, French Prospective Randomized Trial; COAPT, Cardiovascular Assessment of the Mitraclip Percutaneous Therapy; EDV, end-diastolic volume; EF, ejection fraction; LVSV, left ventricular stroke volume; PISA, proximal isovelocity surface area; RV, right ventricle. To the Editor: A Cardiothoracic Surgical Trials Network expert panel recently discussed the treatment of functional mitral regurgitation (FMR). We agree with the authors' prudent interpretations, reiterate their words of caution, and would like to clarify certain points. They mentioned that patients in the Cardiovascular Assessment of the Mitraclip Percutaneous Therapy (COAPT) experienced more effective and durable results, and experience of the French Prospective Randomized Trial (MITRA-FR) operators has been questioned.


L(')=,i., a])(x)O+'= b')O. But as Ak has not proved the uniqueness of the extension, we shall here give the proof for the uniqueness. In 1 we shall consider the case where the sequence of the approximating operators {L(')} is given previously independent of {u,}, and give an elementary proof by Paraf's principle. In 2 we shall consider the general case from the viewpoint of the functional space (L). Then the proof will be at hand by virture of the recent theory of partial differential operators even for elliptic operators of arbitrarily high orders. We shall here, however, prefer more elementary way using a device of H. O. Cordes. 1. An elementary method. In this section, for the sequence


Fermentation studies were conducted in batch and continuous flow cell-recycle reactors with glucose, xylose and biomass hydrolysates as substrates. Glucose fermentation at pH 6 indicates that Propionibacterium acidipropionici rapidly consumes the substrate in an initial exponential growth stage producing large amounts of lactic acid. A slow growth stage follows, during which the lactic acid is further metabolized to produce acetic and propionic acids. The bacterial metabolism was altered when xylose was used as the substrate, and lactic acid was not produced during the fermentation. The product and cell yields obtained from the glucose fermentation were 0.76 g acid (g glucose)-l and 0.21 g dry cell (g glucose)-l, respectively. Xylose fermentation gave about the same cell yield, but the total product yield was only 63% of that with glucose fermentation. Continuous fermentation with cell recycle using micro filtration resulted in a dramatic increase in cell concentration (X) and volumetric productivity (P). P ranged from 0.56 to 2.83 g dm-3h-1 for dilution ratios (D) ranging from 0.036 to 0.23 h-1. X and P at a D of 0.23 h-1 were 11 and 22 times the values for batch fermentation at pH 6. Cellrecycle fermentation with hydrolysates from bakery waste and wood chips gave P equivalent to 93% and 71%, respectively, compared to that with glucose.


The AITBOU GUEMMAZ valley, one of the most reputed mountain destinationsin Morocco, has undergone a remarkable decline in tourists' arrival over the last two decades. Its cultural heritage assets has not been mobilized enough to contribute in boosting tourism place attractiveness. Therefore, the aim of the present paper is toexplore the hypothesis according to which the construction of a customized and far-reachingdiscourse about local cultural heritage will lead to a diversification of the valley's tourism product. Tourism local stakeholders are supposed to mobilize both tangible and intangible aspects of the local heritage through the elaboration of a "thick and appetizing" discourse that will appeal to all classes of tourists.The results of the following paper will not only inspire local stakeholders in designing tourism products, but will also help switch interest towards the vital importance of cultural heritage in local development


In the haptic rendering system that allows the force display of complex deformable objects, the coherence remains difficult because of the different refresh frequencies necessary for real-time haptic display and realistic visual display. In this paper, a time series based predict method is proposed to extrapolate the force computed by the deformable model to go beyond interactively to haptic real-time. The principle of the time series method is introduced, and then a detailed analysis and experimental verification of the approach are described and illustrated. In the experiment, our method is compared with other two extrapolation methods and shows its feasibility.


RYTHROPOIETIC STIMULATING FACTOR (ESF) E or erythropoietin has been reported to stimulate growth in vivo3 and in vitro.4 The former report is based on experiments with Novikoff hepatomas in rats. The latter report concerned cultures of bone marrow cells from a human monocytic leukemia patient and human synovial membrane cells. This report suggested that ESF might be a "Nonspecific Growth Factor" (NGF). Several clinical reports have demonstrated the association of polycythemia with different types of tumor. These types include carcinoma, fibromyoma and hemangioblastoma.7. 15 An erythropoietic stimulating factor was found in the fluid from the cystic cerebellar hemangioblastoma.13 Remission of the polycythemia occurred following surgical removal of the fibromyoma and the renal carcinoma. Other workers have demonstrated ESF levels to be elevated in the plasma of some patients with anemia resulting from tumors.8 McLaughlin reported5 that periodic injection of 2 ml. of pooled plasma from patients with various forms of cancer increased the rate of hepatic regeneration significantly over the rate following administration of blood from patients without cancer. Partial hepatectomy and subsequent hepatic regeneration has been shown to be associated with increased production of ESF as measured by Feb9 uptake.3 Tobiska and Brada12 reported a rise in ESF concentration in the plasma of rats during some "stages" of growth of the Jensen tumor. The possibility of a relationship between cancers and blood levels of ESF is, therefore, quite evident for both humans and animals. This paper concerns the further testing of this possibility.


Architectural smells can be detrimental to the system maintainability, evolvability and represent a source of architectural debt. Thus, it is very important to be able to understand how they evolved in the past and to predict their future evolution. In this paper, we evaluate if the existence of architectural smells in the past versions of a project can be used to predict their presence in the future. We analyzed four Java projects in 295 Github releases and we applied for the prediction four different supervised learning models in a repeated cross-validation setting. We found that historical architectural smell information can be used to predict the presence of architectural smells in the future. Hence, practitioners should carefully monitor the evolution of architectural smells and take preventative actions to avoid introducing them and stave off their progressive growth.


This is the first study which evaluated the influence of cave size and presence of bat guano in ant visitation in Brazilian caves. We provide a list of the ants associated with 27 caves in northeastern Brazil, an area situated in the transition between Cerrado (Brazilian savanna) and Amazon Domain. The study was conducted between January and August 2010. We recorded 24 ant species inserted into 12 genera, 10 tribes, and six subfamilies. The size of the cave and the presence of guano did not influence the richness of ants, and most of the caves had single species. Camponotus atriceps was the species with the larger distribution, being collected in five caves. In addition, we discuss geographic distribution of records and possible ecological roles of ants in cave environments.


In today's uncertain M&A environment, it is more important than ever to avoid legal problems. The author shows how to do it. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.


PURPOSE
To determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) for the extracts of the leaves and seeds of the plant Azadirachta indica against various dermatophytes.

METHODS
Clinical isolates of dermatophytes(Trichophyton rubrum, Trichophyton mentagrophytes and Microsporum nanum) were treated with extracts of leaves and seeds of the plant Azadirachta indica (neem) for antifungal activity by in vitro tube dilution technique.

RESULTS
The MIC of neem seed extracts was 31 microg/mL for all the dermatophytes tested. The neem seed extract at 15 microg/mL concentration (below MIC) was observed to be sufficient for distorting the growth pattern of the organisms tested.

CONCLUSIONS
The changes in growth curve of the treated dermatophytes were found to be statistically significant with reference to the untreated fungi.


High angular resolution observations were made of the CS emission from the core of the L1551 molecular cloud, using a technique of heavy oversampling and maximum entropy reconstruction. The observations are consistent with the data published by Kaifu et al. in 1984 and Batrla and Menten in 1985, but show no evidence for a large rotating molecular disk as proposed by Kaifu et al. The chaotic morphology and kinematics are more suggestive of the disruption of the dense core by the collimated winds from IRS 5. 11 references.


I briefly review the physics of the Higgs sector in the Standard Model (SM) and its supersymmetric extension, in particular the MSSM, and discuss the prospects for discovering the Higgs particles at the Large Hadron Collider. Some emphasis will be put on the theoretical developments which occurred in the last few years.


In the first twenty years of his career, Shostakovich wrote a dozen incidental scores for the theatre. In length and variety they represent a substantial part of his output, yet they are surprisingly little known. There are practical and historical explanations for their neglect, but also good reasons why they are worth looking at. In the first place, Shostakovich's early theatrical experience was in so many ways the key to his rapidly evolving artistic character and technique. By contrast with his music of later years, his output through to the first half of the 1930s was overwhelmingly dominated by drama of different kinds, including two full-length operas, a third uncompleted opera, three full-length ballets, a score for the live accompaniment of a silent movie, three or four of his finest sound-movie scores, an unfinished musical comedy, a full-length show for the music hall and his first six sets of incidental music. As the conductor Gennady Rozhdestvensky has observed, for Shostakovich at this time the theatre was a 'laboratory' in which he could experiment and develop his skills in an abundance of ways. If these incidental scores do not have the mastery and finish of the operas or the brilliance and span of the ballets, they still reveal much about what went on in that laboratory. Writing at speed and usually under harsh conditions, he was forced to invent weird vocal and instrumental combinations, to set sometimes preposterously improbable texts and, more generally, to hone his quickfire ability to solve dramatic and creative problems thrown in his way not by the demands of his own imagination, but by the day-to-day requirements of those in charge of the productions he was working on.


Fine human motion detection in contact-less manner based on radar technology is increasingly appealing research efforts among researchers and one of the promising approach that have garnered research momentum in recent years is IR-UWB radar. IR-UWB radar is a kind of radar sensor that was developed from combining UWB and radar technology. Being a technology that offers unique capability of penetrability, high temporal resolution, low power consumption and emits non-ionizing electromagnetic waves, IR-UWB radar sensor is an encouraging fusion of radar and UWB technology that can be leveraged into many useful extensive number of application. In this paper, a preliminary study of detecting fine human motion using IR-UWB radar sensor is presented where a system model based on the IR-UWB radar sensor operation on fine human motion detection is described. For testing, this work employs a right hand and fingers. Based on the tests, the movement of right hand and fingers can be discriminated accurately at a distance of between 5cm to 10cm with minor occurrence of noises.


Through this study we aim firstly, to understand the correlation between pain, intensity of pain and different clinical Data. Secondly, to highlight the accurate etiological diagnosis and be able to take the adequate decison for pain managment. This study was carried out on 200 edentulous patients who came to the departement of complete denture of dental clinic at Monastir Tunisia from february to june2019.All the patients were examined and assessed by one prosthodontist under the supervision of a professor. A questionnaire was used to record information wich was taken directly from the patient when they attend the dental clinic. The patient consent were taken verbally. The questionnaire included 19 questions divided in 3 heading: Medical history, exploration of pain and its intensity and Management strategies. The statiscal analysis were done with an SPSS's logiciel version 22.0. The results are presented in form of tables and graphics. Moreover, in this study the most common chief complaint was pain 63% of the sample. This result corroborate with other studies in litterature. Besides, a statistically significant relationship was observed between pain and patient's satisfaction with their prosthesis (P=0.044<0,05). However, no significant difference was found between pain and other differents clinical Data (age, gender, general condition ….) (P>0.05). Neither between intensity of pain and different clinical data (P<0.05). This result came in argument with results of other worldwide researches. Finally, we came to the conclusion that management strategy of pain must follow a comprehensive, multidisciplinary and systemic approach.


Abstract We have identified a new α chain hemoglobin (Hb) variant in a Chinese subject. Sequencing of the α-globin gene revealed a mutation in exon 1 at nucleotide 55, which results in the replacement of a glycine by cysteine at codon 18 [α18(A16)Gly→Cys, HBA2: c.55G>T] that we have named Hb Jiujiang for the region of origin of the proband.


This paper investigates the connection between sound and mathematics. In particular, we study the vibrations of a plucked string, such as a guitar string, and of a hollow cylinder fixed at both ends set in motion by striking its surface. The investigation found the connection between sound and mathematics to be the eigenvalue of the Laplacian differential operator of the vibrating object which corresponds to a particular solution to the wave equation. The wave equation is a second order linear differential equation 8^$ = cAf. 8t2 Using the eigenvalue A, the frequency is calculated by f = -Tk 1211. The frequencies produced determine the notes on a musical scale.


Oral and dental health are not very much paid attention to as most people failed to realize the importance of them. Increasing need for dental health institutions can be regarded as an indicationof raise public awareness of dental and oral health conditions. Therefore, it needs qualified human resources in order to provide optimal the health services. Faculty of Dentistry of University of Riau which is offered is coresponding with aplication of Contextual Architecture approach, that is a building should have connection with surroundings and keep preserving the environmentcharacteristic. Through the Architecture theme, the concept of Harmony Collaboration is defined as a collaboration between dental functions and the principle of Harmonic Contextual. The concept is applied to site pattern, mass formation, and facade. The site designed pattern is based on teeth formation, the mass of building is based on the principle of the harmonious to the surrounding buildings. The building facade designed is based on the form of teeth pattern.


Shows Marion Sim, wife of John Sim, feeding horses. The public house, or hotel was run by brothers John and Andrew Sim.
Exhibited in 'Two centuries of New Zealand landscape art' Exhibition at Auckland City Art Gallery, 2 February - 22 April 1990.

Exhibited in 'Treasures in Trust' exhibition to celebrate 75th anniversary of the Alexander Turnbull Library in 1995.

According to N.Z. Historic Places, no. 46, Dec 1993, p. 17 "There has been a public house at Mohaka since 1859 or before. The first was established by John and Marion Sim on the south side of the mouth of the Mohaka river, opposite the large Maori community centred round the Te Huke and Hiruharama Pa. In 1859, when the postal service was established between Napier and Wairoa, the pub was already there. The Sims were running a ferry and operated the post office from the pub. They appear to have been recently married and to have emigrated from Scotland."
Other Titles - Waiparuparu
Inscriptions: Mount recto - [in Lavin's hand] Mouth of Mohaka. Sims' public house in foreground. Riddle's woolshed and craft in the distance; Recto - bottom right - AJC; Recto - bottom left - Waiparu-paru Mohaka 1860.
Quantity: 1 watercolour(s).
Physical Description: Watercolour 144 x 228 mm


Let p be prime. We describe explicitly the resolution of singularities of several families of wild Z/pZ-quotient singularities in dimension two, including families that generalize the quotient singularities of type E_6, E_7, and E_8 from p=2 to arbitrary characteristics. We prove that for odd primes, any power of p can appear as the determinant of the intersection matrix of a wild Z/pZ-quotient singularity. We also provide evidence towards the conjecture that in this situation one may choose the wild action to be ramified precisely at the origin.


Two completely different test methods are compared for their ability to quantify the traction characteristics of high speed police pursuit tires. The first uses established instrumented vehicle test procedures while the second method uses the Mobile Tire Traction Dynamometer.


Meaning and International Relations. Edited by Peter Mandaville, Andrew Williams. London: Routledge, 2003. 192 pp., $80.00 (ISBN: 0-415-2812-X).

The dozen essays collected in Peter Mandaville and Andrew Williams's Meaning and International Relations each support a central, unifying contention: that variations in meaning merit special attention in international studies. At first, this proposition seems eminently uncontroversial. Even the most orthodox behavioralists recognize that meanings vary. They consequently devote much attention to defining terms and to assessing how faithfully their operational measures mirror the concepts those terms represent. But the interpretivist and self-consciously heterodox contributors to Meaning and International Relations propose that we go farther by treating contested meanings as an object of inquiry.

As Mandaville summarizes in his concluding essay, these contributors ask us to treat international relations as a crucible within which competing meanings and accounts commingle as they vie for acceptance. Moreover, Mandaville notes, they ask us to approach the subject hermeneutically. That is, they ask us to understand this activity to be directed toward the fusion of interpretive horizons among persons whose vastly different experiences engender different understandings of world events.

For example, Christopher Coker in "Surfing the Zeitgeist " juxtaposes historical Western understandings with local Asian understandings of political events to show how naturally and unconsciously Westerners misconstrued Asian political reality by imposing their alien interpretive frameworks on it. He can succeed, of course, only because contemporary Western understandings also diverge from historical Western understandings. New meanings have been fashioned in the crucible. Likewise, in "When Meaning Travels," Mandaville recounts the effects of Muslim experiences as minorities in Western communities on their understandings of Islam, its traditions, and …


The article reveals that the system of masters' in dentistry professional training in Ukraine does not suf ciently meet the international requirements and education levels regulated by the National Quali cations Framework. At the same time, the updated eld standard of higher education in the specialty "Dentistry" (2019) contains a number of contradictory conditions, in particular: the availability of educational-professional training program and educational-scienti c (optional for universities) one with different number of credits (300 and 360 correspondingly). The necessity to implement the levels of junior bachelor (dentist's assistant) and bachelor (odontologist-hygienist) into the model of masters' in dentistry professional training process was substantiated. This allows students of higher dental education institutions to start practical activity from the rst year of studying, which can encourage them to increase the level of their professional competence and restore the preventive component of dental care to the population of Ukraine. It has been proved the expediency to prolong the period of masters' in dentistry professional training to 6 years with the last year of practically oriented study to ensure compliance of dental education in Ukraine with the requirements of the World Federation for Medical Education in terms of the amount of academic load and the need to strengthen its practical component. A modern model of masters' in dentisry professional training has been developed in accordance with the National Quali cations Framework and the requirements of the World Federation of Medical Education.


This work deals with enhancing piezoelectric energy harvesting by incorporating different auxetic structures and varying geometrical parameters. A bimorph consisting of polyvinylidene fluoride as a piezoelectric layer and brass auxetic substrate (re-entrant, s-shape, and elliptical holes) are considered for analysis. A finite element method-based simulation is performed to find the best auxetic systems that provide higher power output. The environmental vibration is taken for energy harvesting; thus, the first resonance frequency is below 100 Hz. The maximum power of ∼0.52, ∼0.67, and ∼0.79 mW is estimated for piezoelectric energy harvesters (PEH's) re-entrant, s-shape, and elliptical holes. The auxetic re-entrant, s-shape, and elliptical substrate-based PEHs show 200%, 300%, and 333% more power than the solid substrate (conventional design). However, the elliptical-based auxetic structure obtains a maximum power density of 0.004 66 mW/mm3. The stresses in all structures are within the permissible limit; hence, any design can be used for practical applications. All three auxetics have comparable geometrical dimensions and the same material is used; thus, auxetic behavior is independent of the material employed and depends on the structure's shape. The estimated power is higher than that reported in the literature.


Summary Analysis of pressure gradients in the splanchnic bed of the monkey during a standardized hemorrhagic shock procedure has indicated a preponderant increase in intrahepatic resistance with minimal change in mesenteric (intestinal) resistance during oligemia. Following restoration of the bleeding volume, the control pressure relationship was reestablished. The marked elevation of portal venous pressure, so typical of the dog in this phase of the hemorrhagic shock procedure, was not seen in the monkey. Moreover, the intestine of this species appeared pale and ischemic at autopsy, contrasted to the congested and bloody intestine of the dog. The possible significance of the differences in behavior of splanchnic vasculature in the primate and canine species is considered in the light of the etiology of irreversible shock.


Registration of three-dimensional medical image modalities (PET and MRI) of the human brain is performed by a multi-scale morphological shape description combined with 3D Chamfer matching. Objects of Interest are first segmented. For MR images of the head, a Directional Watershed algorithm is used to obtain an accurate segmentation of the brain. PET images are segmented by thresholding combined with region growing. The shape description is then performed by generalized morphological skeletons, introduced in this article, providing a multi-scale representation of the object shape. Registration is finally operated by Chamfer matching, using a rigid transform for PET-MRI registration. Non-rigid registration is also evoked.


This article includes the calculation method of distances between the lower part of injector of sprayer and the combustion chambers wall. The analysis of calculation results for combustion chamber of cylindric type was done according to the method. Based on it different positions of the jet location relatively symmetry axle of combustion chamber were observed and also possible variants of a jet incline. As a results of the calculation analysis the conclusions were drawn for optimization of the fuel sprayer location in combustion chamber.


Objective: To observe the changes of renal tubular function in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus(DM) and investi-gate the factors influencing renal fuctions.Methods: A total of 64 patients with DM were divided into three groups according levels of 24 hours urinary albumin:Normal urinary albumin group(urinary albumin30mg per 24h),Urinary micro-albumin group(urinary albumin in 30-300mg per 24h),Clinical albuminuria group(urinary albumin 300 per 24h),to campare the differences of Urine-β2-microglobulin and urinary osmolality in each groups,and to observe the relation of the level of 24 hours urinary albumin,duration of diabetes,age and metabolic index including HbA1c,blood pressure and lipid with these parameters.Results: Urine-β2-microglobulin increased but urinary osmolality decreased in all patients.In the normal urinary albumin group,there were 4 cases of abnormal urinaryβ2MG and 7 cases of abnormal urinary OSM.Variance analysis showed that with the increased amount of urinary albumin urinary β2MG gradually increased,urinary osmolality gradually reduced.The difference among the three groups was significant(F = 26.123 and 13.889,P all 0.01).Any difference between the two groups were statistically significant(P all 0.05).Linear regression showed that the changes of urinary β2MG and urinary OSM independently related to DM duration,urinary albumin(U-ALB),systolic blood pressure(SBP),glycosylated hemoglobin(HbA1c),total cholesterol(TC),and low density lipoprotein(LDL-C).Conclusion: Type 2 DM kidney damage was not con-fined to glomerular,renal tubular dysfunction can occur before the appearance of urinary albumin.The combined detection of 24h urinary albumin,urinary β2-MG and urinary OSM contribute to complete assessment the kidney damage of patients with type 2 diabetes,These findings suggested that good glycemic control and metabolism disturbance correction had a protective effect in renal tubular function.


European culture establishment between American aboriginal societies involved the acquisition of new knowledge, beliefs and customs. Religion was particularly the strongest and the most influent vision the new world acquired from Spain. San Francisco de Quito foundation, in 1534, implied the construction of a city, colored by that huge influence received from Europe and its establishment made it became the most important city for catholic religion in Latin America. The artistic style of that time, the tendencies and even the same indigenous culture, are shown in every artistic expression of Escuela Quitena
Although, is still unexplored the knowledge which lead the constructors to build the way they did...


Recent technological advances incorporated in high resolution manometry have justifiably heightened interest in manometric evaluation of the pharynx. Despite this interest, from both physiologic and clinical perspective there remain a number of unanswered questions regarding the magnitude of variability of pharyngeal pressure phenomena. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to characterize in healthy individuals the inter‐subject and recording‐site specific variability of pharyngeal peristaltic pressure phenomena.


Distributed computing system consist of various autonomous computers, each computer perform some part of whole task, to get the result more quickly as compared to single computer. "Mobility is the one of the problem in the Distributed system which is discussed in this paper". Though mobile agents offer much more flexibility, but it has some additional costs and issues such asreliability, security, and fault tolerance which required to be addressed for successful adaptability of mobile agent technology for developing real life applications. In distributed system the master node divide the overall task into slave nodes but when the mobile node moves during task execution then the master node reallocate the task by selecting the best candidate node.


CO2-expanded liquids (CXLs) are demonstrated to be effective reaction media for the catalytic hydroformylation of 1-octene. The performance of several rhodium catalysts, Rh(acac)(CO)2, Rh(acac)[P(OPh)3]2, Rh(acac)(CO)[P(OAr)3], and two phosphorous ligands, PPh3 and biphephos, was compared in neat organic solvents and in CXLs wherein more than 50% of the solvent volume is replaced with dense CO2 at relatively mild temperatures (30–90°C) and pressures ( 10), and aldehyde selectivity (∼90%) at the optimum CO2 content were either comparable to or better than values reported with other media and catalysts. Furthermore, the operating pressure (3.8 MPa) and temperature (60°C) for the CXL process are significantly milder than those reported for industrial hydroformylation processes. © 2006 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2006


Objective To explore the role of PTEN and MMP-9 expression in the gastric cancer tissues and evaluate its correlation with peritoneal free cancer cells.Methods Immunohistochemical staining method was used to examine 65 patients of gastric cancer.At the same time,we used RT-PCR technique to detect free cancer cells in peritoneal washes.Results(1)The expressions of PTEN and MMP-9 were statistically higher in the free cancer cells positive than those in the negative.(2)There was a negative correlation between MMP-9 and the expression of PTEN gene.(Conclusion)Free cancer cells in peritoneal washes are relevant to the expression of PTEN and MMP-9,which is valuable in(evaluating) prognosis and directing chemical therapy in patients with gastric cancer.


Based on the stress corrosion, erosion mechanism and slippage-rust theory suitable to the stress corrosion of hot rolled coil during forced cooling, the coil corrosion defects are explained. The hot stress status of the hot rolled coil during forced cooling was simulated with ANSYS FEM software, and the result showed that the tension stress of more than 100 MPa is reached in the region of corrosion defects and the stress corrosion of hot rolled coil is induced.


The work entitled "Process Reengineering FOR AUTO CITY SHOPPING LOJA" aimed to make a thorough study of the company, especially in terms of processes is concerned; which after a certain study it was able to identify the processes that are currently running in the enterprise, identifying the difficulties encountered each.
Bibliographic information for the study with a conceptual framework which was formed to scientifically support this research was compiled. He then proceeded to do a situational analysis of Auto Shopping in the city of Loja, from which it was evident that the company exists since 2001, whose business is selling decorative accessories for all kinds of vehicles. He is currently structured in four areas in which they work nine employees and serve the market of Loja.
For information on nine field surveys apply to employees of Auto Shopping, as well as an interview with the manager, in order to identify the processes that need to be restructured. Shopping, Shopping request accessories sales, sale by credit card, Office, receipt of merchandise, payment to suppliers, collection of nonperforming and Operational Procedures: key business processes, including those that are identified.
Shopping , Shopping request Sales of accessories, Sale Credit Card , Office, receipt of merchandise , payment to suppliers, collection of nonperforming and Processes Operating in the workshop : the key processes of the company, among which are identified .
Each of the current processes that the company Auto Shopping city of Loja was described , then the same analysis was performed.
Critical points were identified and reengineering processes are performed as Sales , Installation of Aros, Tire Mounting , installation of sounds , Office clients , Receiving Merchandise purchased and procurement process.
To make the reengineering those responsible for each area was named as:
Administrative Area Leader : Mr. Juan Echeverria Juan Andres Cuadros
• Accounting Area Leader : Evelin Torres.
• Area Sales Leader : Ms. Nina Cave , Mr. Juan Echeverria. .
• Workshop Leader : Luis Pinta.
The redesign of processes is performed ; Sales , Installation of Aros, Tire Mounting , installation of sounds , Office clients , Receiving Merchandise purchased and procurement process.
As a result of the redesign a reduction of 143 min for the procurement process, saving 3 min to the sales process , receipt of merchandise to 135 min of difference with the redesigned process , installation of new rings with a time of 48 min was obtained apart like the rim assembly , the current processes .
It should be noted that the company Auto Shopping city of Loja reengineering of the aforementioned processes is required , enabling efficient and effective , making better use of resources.


Traumatic brain injury (TBI) occurs when a sudden trauma causes brain damage. Depending on the severity, outcome can be anything from complete recovery to permanent disability or death. Emergency medical services play a dominant role in provision of primary care at the site of injury. Since little can be done to reverse the initial brain damage due to trauma, attempts to prevent further brain damage and stabilize the patient before he can be brought to a specialized trauma care centre play a pivotal role in the final outcome. Recognition and early treatment of hypotension, hypoxemia, and hypoglycemia, objective neurological assessment based on GCS and pupils, and safe transport to an optimal care centre are the key elements of prehospital care of a TBI patient.


In this paper, a neural networks based approach for distortion invariant image recognition is presented. To reduce the dimension of the required networks, as well as to achieve invariancy, six distortion-invariant feature are extracted from each image and are used as inputs to the neural networks. These six features are derived from the modified geometrical moments of the image, which are calculated through a corrected discrete formula for computing moments more accurately. A multilayer perceptron network trained by the back-propagation algorithm can carry out the classification based on the above features. Experimental results on industrial tools and character recognition are to be given.


In this article, we address term creation in 3 terms from the domain of artificial intelligence, which are representative and revelatory for the study of reterminologization in the triad of the specialized domains of emotional intelligence, cognitive intelligence and artificial intelligence. The study of reterminologization in the announced triad traces conceptual interferences to state-of-the-art terms created in the domain of artificial intelligence, in particular, through metonymization. The domain of artificial intelligence is a dynamic and prolific one, with a terminological variety that allows the study of conceptual interferences inspired from the domain of human intelligence. The terms that are subject to analysis in the article have a high degree of complexity and conceptually encompass the triad of emotional, cognitive and artificial intelligence.


Distribution of magnetic field in electromagnetic continuous casting process of Al-alloy hollow billets is studied by way of numerical simulation. A two-dimensional axis-symmetric finite element model is established including relevant water-cooled core, outer mould, ingot, inner and outer induction coils. The spatial distribution of magnetic induction is determined by solving the differential equations of magnetic vector potential. Calculated results show that during electromagnetic casting the inner and outer induction coils interact with each other, and the distribution of magnetic induction is found more homogeneous when the outer induction coil current is set to about a half of inner induction coil current. The frequency and phase of coil current are important parameters during electromagnetic casting of hollow billets, the magnetic induction on inside wall surface of pipe increases notable if increasing appropriately the frequency, while the phase will affect the magnitude and direction of magnetic induction gradient.


This datasheet on Saturnia pavonia covers Identity, Overview, Distribution, Hosts/Species Affected, Diagnosis, Biology & Ecology, Natural Enemies, Impacts, Prevention/Control, Further Information.


Aim To investigate the effect of icariin(Ica) on myocardial fibrosis induced by pressure overload and explore the mechanism of whether or not affecting expressions of TGF-β1 and Smad2 in left heart.Methods The myocardial fibrosis models were induced by abdominal aortic coarctation.Forty male SD rats were randomly divided into sham group(n = 10),pressure overload model group(n = 10),low-and high-dose of Ica-treated group(40,80 mg·kg-1,n = 10).Ica was intragastrically administered for 50 days consecutively since the next day when the models were made in Ica group.The left heart index was detected on 51th day after the rats were sacrificed.Then,the morphological changes of the heart were observed by MASSON staining.The mRNA and protein expressions of TGF-β1 and Smad2 were detected by real time RT-PCR and by immunohistochemistry,respectively.Results Compared with model group,the left heart index and the left ventricular myocardial fibrosis could be markedly relieved,as well as the mRNA and protein expression of TGF-β1,Smad2 in left heart tissue could be down-regulated significantly in Ica-treated groups.Conclusion Ica may exert the effect of antimyocardial fibrosis on rats,and the mechanism is,at least partly,due to the down-regulation of the expression of TGF-β1 and Smad2 in left heart tissue.


Looking at the situations of Chinese Teaching practice in primary school in recent years,the following deficiencies are Found no correct attitudes;be unfamiliar with teaching objects;no suitable teaching Method;poor teaching organizational capacity;be lacking in humane education in teaching And weak sense of teaching innovation.Attention should be paid to these situations and Teaching are to be strengthened to correct the harmful trends.


This study is intended to evaluate the changes in Electrocardiogram (ECG) in apparently healthy adult male smokers. This cross-sectional study covers 40 smokers, who smoked on an average 10 cigarettes per day for at least 5 years, and 40 non-smokers to find out the possible risk factors for cardiovascular disorders. This study was conducted during April 2011 to April 2012 in the Department of Physiology of Andhra Medical College, on subjects whose age ranged from 20 to 60 years. The ECG results were evaluated for different parameters like heart rate, P-wave, P-R interval, QRS complex, QT interval, and T-wave. The results were analyzed using student's t-test. The probability (p value) was calculated. The analysis showed that QRS and QT interval were shortened and that the QTc interval was widened in the smokers, although the values did not show any statistical significance. From the statistical analysis of the results obtained in the present study and their comparison with those of published reports, it appears that smoking 10 cigarettes per day for 5 Years does not cause major change in ECG wave forms.


Seventeen species of nematophagous fungi were recorded, three species were endoparasitic and fourteen species were predacious fungi. Among the predacious fungi Arthrobotrys oligospora, Dactylaria brochopaga and Monacrosporium eudermatum were very frequent, whereas others were recorded at lower frequency. Twelve species of nematophagous fungi from compost as well as cow dung manure, 15 species from leaf litter and only eight species from agricultural soils were recorded. In general, substrate colonization by nematophagous fungi was higher in leaf litter, compost and cow dung manure. The agricultural soil amended with FYM (farm yard manure) recorded nine species of nematophagous fungi while unamended soil recorded only seven species. Thirteen species of nematophagous fungi were recorded from soils under banyan tree. Of all these fungi unidentified net-forming fungus, M. eudermatum, A. cladodes, D. brochopaga, S. hadra, A. oligospora and A. dactyloides had higher percentage of soil colonization. In soil collected under pipal tree only eight species were recorded, of which A. oligospora, A. cladode and an unidentified fungus were more predominant as their percentage colonized in soil samples was higher. Few studies have examined root galls as a substratum for colonization of nematophagous fungi. Of all the root gall samples, okra root galls recorded maximum colonization by predacious fungi. Maximum percentage of root gall colonization was recorded for M. eudermatum followed by A. oligospora and M. ellipsosporum. M. eudermatum was also most predominant colonizer of balsam, brinjal and rice root galls.


Source..................... Baiting with alfalfa seedlings in infested soil. (See sources of inoculum section). Storage/Temp ......... Isolates stored on cornmeal agar (4 C) will remain viable for 4-6 months. Isolates stored in sterile water (room temperature) will remain viable for at least 12 months. Production .............. Cornmeal agar inoculated with an isolate from stored cultures and incubated at 24 C for 2-3 days. Preparation.............. A 3 mm-diameter disc of inoculum is removed from the periphery of the 2-3 day-old colony growing on cornmeal agar and placed in the center of a separate 9 cm-diameter petri plate containing 1.5% water agar. Plates are incubated 3 days at 24 C prior to plating seeds.