DCBA(Drift Chamber Beta-ray Analyzer) experiment is aiming to search for neutrinoless double beta decay (0νββ). The DCBA detector is a momentum analyzer to measure individual electron energy from double beta decays. Since 0νββ is extremely rare, the detector must be low background and accommodate a lot of decays source. And also the excellent energy resolution is required at the Q-value to distinguish 0νββ from two-neutrino double beta decay (2νββ). The DCBA detector consists of drift chambers, a magnet and cosmic-ray veto counters. A test prototype DCBA-T2 has been constructed and operated with natural Mo source containing 9.6% 100Mo in order to solve operation problems. Another new prototype called DCBA-T3 is under construction at KEK. DCBA-T3 will have better performance than DCBA-T2 in view points of the energy resolution and the source accommodation volume. The results of the DCBA-T2 test operation and the DCBA-T3 status are described together with the future plan temporarily called Magnetic Tracking Detector (MTD), which is designed based on the experiences of DCBA-T2 and T3.


IN common with the other branches of biological science, the study of marine life has made wonderful advances in the past half century, and we now begin to get a proper conception of the vastness and importance of this realm of nature.


This text is the seventh in the series in ''Perspectives in Supramolecular Chemistry'' and contains nine independent chapters devoted to topics in self-assembly and crystal engineering. The guest editor (G. R. Desiraju) has tried to provide a broad sampling of significant developments in the field by including the crystal chemistry of materials based on inorganic, aminol, resorcinarene, calixarene, coordination polymers, inorganic hybrids, and cyanometalate frameworks. Significant attention is given to understanding the construction of one-, two-, and three-dimensional crystalline architectures, with many contributions following a modular approach that generates a family of related crystal structures. The utility of this compendium is its attempt to exploit and connect structural features (i.e., hydrogen bonds, molecular recognition, guest encapsulation, and coordination environments) to material function. The book may be divided into three sections. The first section provides comprehensive reviews of the fundamental aspects of generating crystalline networks from specific structural features. Details of inorganic complexes, such as hydrogen bonding in coordination compounds (chapter 1) and self-assembly of organic–inorganic hybrid materials (chapter 6), follow a rational discussion of key principles responsible for self-assembly. Chapter 2 describes the structures of an arsenal of aminolic compounds and the predictable associations of intermolecular aminoalcohol contacts. The second section in the text (chapters 3–5) also explores selfassembly in the context of complementary building blocks and interactions by emphasizing the construction of nanoporous cavities and channels. The chemical classes of resorcinarenes (chapter 3) and calixarenes (chapter 5) provide a backdrop for discussion of the design and synthesis of large molecular networks that exhibit encapsulation behavior. This pair of chapters navigates the reader from design strategy to application with interesting insights into the selective recognition process of guest molecules. In a similar manner, the versatility of coordination polymers as porous materials with large cavities=channels is explored (chapter 5). Conceptually derived


: We investigated a multi-day distribution problem while supplies are limited. This scenario can be found in post-natural disasters or economic crisis such as floods, earthquakes, palm oil shortage crisis, etc. The objective function of this problem is to minimize total traveling distance, unsatisfied cost, and variance of supply delivery proportion. In order to solve this multi-day problem optimally, it requires large computing memory and takes a long computational time. Therefore, we divided these large problems into multiple daily sub-problems and solved the sub-problems with the exact method. The sub-problems were solved sequentially for which the prior daily sub-problem is to be tackle first and the following daily sub-problems are defined based on the prior daily sub-problem solution. Changes were applied to update demands and to adjust delivery priority. There are three delivery priority setups proposing in this paper. Also, we present an experiment using the three proposed methods to solve modified Solomon's vehicle routing problem datasets which extended a single period vehicle routing problem with time windows to be seven-day routing problems.


Machine tool is known as the mother of industry. CNC machine tool is the embodiment of modern automatic control productivity. In the context of the rapid development of the industrial Internet, a large number of equipment and systems are interconnected through the industrial Internet, realizing the flexible adaptation from the supply side to the demand side. As the a typical core system of industrial Internet, CNC system is facing the threat of industrial virus and network attack. The problem of information security is becoming more and more prominent. This paper analyzes the security risks of the existing CNC system from the aspects of terminal security, data security and network security. By comprehensively using the technologies of data encryption, identity authentication, digital signature, access control, secure communication and key management, this paper puts forward a targeted security protection and management scheme, which effectively strengthens the overall security protection ability.


Opinions about marriage and childbearing among 241 adolescents were analyzed based on interviews conducted in April 1991 in Integrated Child Development Service Project areas in Pondicherry India. The sample included 100 boys and 141 girls; 67% of the boys and 48% of the girls had attained a primary education. 14% of the girls and 2% of the boys had never attended school. The school drop out rate was 29% for girls and 15% for boys. 52% of boys and 53% of girls preferred 18-19 years as the appropriate marriage age for females. 21% of boys and 11% of girls preferred 21 years or older as a suitable female marriage age. The preferred marriage age for males was 23 years or older for 45% of boys and 49% of girls. The ideal age for pregnancy was approved by 68% of boys and 53% of girls to be 21 years which would be 1-3 years after marriage. 7-8% of boys and 25-27% of girls preferred pregnancy at 19-20 years. 28-29% preferred spacing of 2 years and girls desired longer spacing periods. 79% of boys and 76% of girls desired a 2-child family. 22% of boys and 14% of girls desired 1-child families. 85% considered food a problem for large families. Other problems with large families were identified as education (69%) clothing (55%) health (26%) and housing (24%). 65% of boys and 67% of girls considered nutritional supplements during pregnancy important. 10% of both thought pregnant women should eat less. 27% of boys and 45% of girls were aware of iron and folic acid supplements. These responses suggest that family life education needs to be introduced at early ages and better information is needed on the problems of large families and birth spacing.


Summary:  Fertility of men depends on the quality of semen. The aim of the present paper is to determine both the acrosin activity by radioimmunoassay and ATP concentration by bioluminescence in human spermatozoa, and evaluate these results in those samples with normal or low sperm penetration according to SPA test. Ejaculates obtained from 42 untreated men, were studied one hour after the obtention. These materials were divided into two groups: 1) 20 human semen samples with "in vitro" potentiality to penetrate zone‐free hamster ova, between 15% to 98% and 2) 22 human semen with SPA test between 0% to 14%. When we compare the group with normal penetration response vs that group with low or absent penetration ones, a significant decrease of ATP and acrosin concentrations was observed (P < 0.001). Nevertheless no significant difference was observed in relation with percentage of motility, volume (ml), sperm concentration (106/ml), percent of quick progressive spermatozoa and number of gametes capable of migrating into the medium layer (106), between the group with low or absent penetration test against that one with normal zona‐free hamster egg test.


The properties of step-twist-junction discontinuities in rectangular waveguide are considered. Methods are presented whereby these step-twist-junctions may be used in filter design and, in particular, in the design of variable bandwidth constant-resonant frequency filters.


O2 /CO2 coal combustion is a promising technology for easy CO2 recovery and low NOx emission. O2 /CO2 coal combustion system has very high CO2 concentration, and so O2 /CO2 ratio is very important parameter in this system. In this study, the effect of CO2 concentration on recycled NO reduction was investigated experimentally and numerically. It was revealed that the recycled NO reduction ratio was increased with decreasing CO2 concentration. This was because high CO2 concentration enhanced the reaction to produce OH radical (CO2 + H → CO + OH). Both calculations and experiments showed OH radical increased with an increase in CO2 concentration. However, increasing OH radical enhanced the consumption of H2 which is needed for the reduction of secondary NO. It was shown that high CO2 concentration inhibits recycled-NO reduction from the new point of CO2 reactivity.Copyright © 2011 by ASME


OBJECTIVE: To investigate STAT3 and p38 protein expressions in human esophageal carcinoma tissues,and analyze the clinical significance in development and prognosis of esophageal carcinoma.METHODS: Immunohistochemical was used to determine the expression of STAT3 and p38 protein in 89 cases of esophageal carcinoma tissues and 20 cases of corresponding normal tissues.RESULTS: The expression of STAT3 and p38 protein in esophageal carcinoma cell were significantly higher than those in normal esophageal epithelium(P0.05).The expression of the 2 proteins were positively correlated with lymph node metastasis(r values were 0.242 and 0.249 respectively),and negatively correlated with degree of differentiation(r values were-0.395 and-0.389 respectively),but not with years,gender,types and site(P0.05).CONCLUSION: The trial suggestes that stat3 and p38 play a critical role in the carcinogenesis of the esophagus and contribute to judge the malignancy degree and prognosis.


An apparatus for Survivor path decoding in a Viterbi decoder with a constraint length of K. The apparatus of the invention includes a best Survivor unit, a a register-exchange network, and a trace-back unit. The best Survivor unit receives path metrics of 2° local winner states from which a best state is Selected every L iterations. Meanwhile, the register eXchange network generates decision vectors of Survivor paths leading to 2'' states at instant i according to decision bits of all states from instant i-L to instant i. Every L. iterations the register-exchange network outputs L-bit deci Sion vectors for all States at instant i. Then the trace-back unit Stores the decision vectors and finds a global Survivor path Sequence by following the decision vectors back from the best State at instanti-L. In this manner, L decoded bits can be output from the trace-back unit every Literations.


Abstract Background In Turkey, family physicians serve only during office hours, while emergency services have 7/24 free access. Non-urgent patients commonly use Paediatric Emergency departments (PEDs). In Turkey, there is little evidence as to why emergency services are used instead of family medicine for non-urgent paediatric healthcare. Objectives To evaluate the causes and factors affecting non-urgent PED visits. To determine the reason for non-use of family medicine for non-urgent paediatric healthcare. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study at Gaziantep University PED between April and May 2019. We administered a questionnaire to the parents of children (from one month to 16 years) triaged to non-urgent (level-5) using a 5-level triage system. Results A total of 457 parents were surveyed. The average patient age was 6.5 ± 4.7 years and 24.5% had a chronic disease. One-third of the parents (33.7%) considered their children's condition 'very urgent'. The most important reason for preferring PED (42.5%) instead of family physician or alternative health facilities was the thought that the condition of children would worsen. Two hundred fifty-three (55.4%) of the patients presented outside working hours. Although 58.9% of parents were satisfied with the family physician, most (67.8%) stated that they preferred other specialists rather than family physicians when the child had health problems. Fathers who were primary school graduates were more likely to prefer other specialists than family physicians. Conclusion Parents' perception of urgency and the thought that their child's condition will worsen are the main reasons for non-urgent using PED.


Palladium-based, Inverted surface plasmon resonance substrates with functional surfaces are presented and characterized. The advantages of the use of palladium in lieu of other metals (most notably gold) are discussed and assayed experimentally. We demonstrate how the bare metal films can be functionalized by thiol chemistry or by adsorption of functional graphene sheets and how the features of the surfaces affect the performance of the substrate.


Identifiers of model elements convey semantics of conceptual models essential to interpretation by human viewers, e.g., the identifier 'Customer' labeling an entity type in an Entity-Relationship diagram. Devising meaningful and purposeful identifiers has proven a particular challenge for data modelers, and has repeatedly been observed among the most common difficulties learners of conceptual data modeling face. The Automated Assistant reported in this paper provides data modelers with modelingtime suggestions on identifying and signifying entity types, relationship types, and attributes with meaningful and expedient identifiers. Different from earlier approaches, the Automated Assistant implementation does not rely on fixed reference solutions for modeling tasks, and works with (m)any natural language descriptions of a universe of discourse. We report on the design artifact, the Automated Assistant, highlight two selected design iterations, demonstrate practical applications, and evaluate its performance in typical application cases.


Bovine herpesvirus 1 (BHV-1) establishes a lifelong latent infection in sensory neurons following acute infection. Increased corticosteroid levels, due to stress, increases the incidence of reactivation from latency. Within minutes, corticosteroids activate the glucocorticoid receptor and transcription of promoters containing a glucocorticoid receptor element. The synthetic corticosteroid dexamethasone consistently induces reactivation from latency. Cellular transcription factors are induced by dexamethasone in trigeminal ganglionic neurons within 1.5 h after dexamethasone treatment, suggesting they promote viral gene expression during the early phases of reactivation from latency, which we operationally defined as the escape from latency. Within 90 min after latently infected calves are treated with dexamethasone, two BHV-1 regulatory proteins, BHV-1infected cell protein 0 (bICP0) and viral protein 16 (VP16), are expressed in the same neuron. Two other late proteins, glycoprotein C and D, were not detected until 6 h after dexamethasone treatment and were detected in only a few neurons. These studies provide evidence that VP16 and the promiscuous viral trans-activator (bICP0) are expressed during the escape from latency, suggesting they promote the production of infectious virus in a small subset of latently infected neurons. We now provide evidence that neurons expressing the glucocorticoid receptor expressed bICP0 or VP16 at 1.5 h after dexamethasone treatment. VP16 and bICP0 can also be detected at 22 and 33 min after dexamethasone (DEX) treatment of latently infected calves. However, we were unable to discern whether VP16 or bICP0 was expressed at early times after reactivation. VP16+ neurons consistently express the glucocorticoid receptor suggesting corticosteroidmediated activation of its receptor rapidly stimulates reactivation from latency.


Abstract Purpose: To evaluate the influence of light-activation of second, third and fourth increments on degree of conversion (DC) and microhardness (KHN) of the top (T) and bottom (B) surface of the first increment. Materials and methods. Forty samples (n = 5) were prepared. In groups 1–4, after each increment light-activation (multiple irradiation), T and B of the first increment were measured in DC and KHN. In groups 5–8, only the first increment was made (single irradiation) and measurements of DC and KHN were taken at 15 min intervals. The light-activation modes were (XL) 500 mW/cm2 × 38 s (G1/G5); (S) 1000 mW/cm2 × 19 s (G2/G6), (HP) 1400 mW/cm2 × 14 s (G3/G7); (PE) 3200 mW/cm2 × 6 s (G4/G8). Data for DC and KHN were analyzed separately by using PROC MIXED for repeated measures and Tukey-Kramer test (α = 0.05). Results. For KHN, B showed lower values than T. PE resulted in lower values of KHN in B surface. For single and multiple irradiations, T and B of first measurement showed the lowest KHN and the fourth measurement showed the highest, with significant difference between them. For single irradiation, first and second increments presented similar KHN, different from the third and fourth increment, which did not differ between them. For multiple irradiations, the second light-activation resulted in KHN similar to first, third and fourth increments. For DC, except QTH, T presented higher DC than B. Conclusion. The light-activation of successive increments was not able to influence the KHN and DC of the first increment.


WTO entry's influence on China's medical and pharmaceutical products may be not so grave as what the people think, because China's international competitiveness of medical and pharmaceutical products has grown to some extent under the environment of opening to the outside world and strong market competition for many years, and meanwhile, the foreign funded enterprises will play an important role in resisting the import of medicines and chemical reagents. This situation will be more obvious in China's chemical pharmaceutical products that are thought to have larger gaps compared with the advanced ones. However , China's traditional Chinese medicine products, which has comparative advantages in China, will face new challenges, and China's medical appliances products, which has been given more domestic market protection, will be more effected by import products and FDI after entering WTO. Therefore, China's medical and pharmaceutical products should made new countermeasures and strategies.


Author(s): Artime, Michael; Benjamin, Francis; Richards, Erin | Abstract: The crafting of the Washington state 2017‒2019 biennial budget during the 2017 legislativesession coincided with the looming deadline set by the Washington Supreme Court inthe McCleary decision requiring a sustainable system to achieve "ample provision" for equitableK-12 support. Washington's improving urban economy lessened some of the budget challenges,eviscerated by divided government and the Supreme Court's McCleary and Hirst decisions. Inwhat is become common place, the legislature required multiple special sessions to, on the lastday prior to the mandated budget shutdown, pass the McCleary fulfilling operating budget. Threespecial sessions, however, weren't enough for the legislature to negotiate a solution to the Hirstdecision. This standoff between rural water rights and development resulted in the state capitalbudget being held as a pawn in the negotiations and is indicative of the greater challenges facingWashington State and its divided population, economy and territory.


In efforts toward the realization of quantum computers, there have been many proposals to implement controlled NOT gates between quantum bits (qubits). However, the number of quanta in the experimentally realized system has been at most two. Because it is difficult to cope with both the realization of the conditional interaction (e.g., huge nonlinear interaction) between the quanta, and the maintenance of quantum coherence for a sufficient time, the realization of quantum logic gates using several quanta may be difficult in the near future. In this paper, a new method which implements a quantum algorithm using linear optics and single photons is described. This method does not need any huge nonlinearity. Hence, it is practical with today's technology and will be one of the useful physical test beds for the quantum algorithms. The optical implementation of the Deutsch–Jozsa algorithm with a 4-bit input is proposed, and the mechanism is explained. As one instance of the recent progress of our project, an experiment of single-photon interference using parametric fluorescence with highly stabilized interferometer system is reported. © 2001 Scripta Technica, Electron Comm Jpn Pt 3, 84(11): 52–60, 2001


Topic relevance is an important criterion for English writing assessment. It has always been hard work for teachers to evaluate the writing assignments from students. The development of deep learning and natural language processing can help by checking the semantic relevance of article title and content. CNN and RNN have shown good performance in semantic text similarity. However, they usually require large corpora and huge computational power for training. In the case of English writing topic relevance checking, it is hard to collect an exhaustive corpus due to the topic variety. BERT has established an outstanding performance in different natural language processing tasks based on transfer learning. ERNIE set a new level for natural language tasks, since it uses entity information based on BERT. Siamese-ERNIE is a modification of the pretrained ERNIE network that uses siamese network structures to derive semantically meaningful sentence embeddings. We use Siamese-ERNIE to train (fine-tuned) the title and content semantic relevance on our corpus based on a pretrained-model. As the article title and content embedding can be calculated by our Siamese-ERNIE model, we can then measure the topic relevance by computing the semantic cosine distance of its embedding.


Using the Climate Investment Survey from the World Bank, we find a negative relationship between competition and innovation in developing countries. This result supports the idea of Schumpeter (1942) that competition can harm innovation. We deal with endogeneity issues using as instrument the interaction between industry turnover and entry regulation in the U.S. The basic idea is that entry regulations have a more pronounced and negative effect on competition in those industries with more natural entry. For this, we find that relevant competition is at the country-level rather than at country-industry level. Finally, we find no evidence of heterogeneity on this relationship across firms and industries. JEL CODES: O31, O32, D22, L10, Q55


Adherence is an old issue in health care (Ley, 1997; Haynes et al., 1996) but an emerging one in the light of the new therapy options in HIV management (Chesney et al., 2000). The complexity of the issues associated with fine tuning treatment regimens to individuals is highlighted when it comes to HAART. The literature that has evolved has often been limited by simplistic approaches or the inability to grapple with the multiple perspectives in adherence. Adherence represents a challenge when speciŽ c advice needs to be heeded. The literature summarizes that adherence is difŽ cult if the regimen is complex, if there are side effects, if the demand is long term, if the regimen interferes with daily living routines and where support and communications are non-optimum. It appears that HIV therapies represent all of these factors. The Ž rst array of studies speciŽ cally on HIV simply documented adherence levels, and noted these to be wanting (Eldred et al., 1998; Ickovics et al., 1997). However the debate on what exactly constitutes adherence and how this is measured is still ongoing. In the literature predating HAART, adherence in other conditions was set at 80%—yet levels for HAART are required to be much higher. Psychological insights into adherence may help to manage and inform regiment handling. Initially it is short sighted to simply focus on the person taking the compounds without also examining the contribution made by the compound itself, the provider and the social setting. Psychological theories can be invoked to shed light on the disparate Ž ndings. Cognitive models would examine adherence difŽ culties in relation to forgetting, memory factors, recall, decision making and comprehension. From the provider perspective cognitive models would suggest a need to examine explanations, provision, communication and decision making strategies. From the compound perspective simplifying doses, colour coding, packaging and memory prompts would be relevant. Psychodynamic models may look at internal consciousness factors and explore elements such as fear, anxiety, denial, mood (Singh et al., 1996) and perhaps even relationship issues and how they link to motivation to initiate and continue treatments. Personality theories may also contribute to the explanations of adherence by way of individual or group attributes which facilitate or hinder those involved. Concepts such as self efŽ cacy, self esteem, resilience and commitment would be relevant. Prejudices and attitudes of providers may also feature


The paper describes the detection elements of the near-earth electromagnetic fields and the ionosphere.This kind of detection will be applied to build the Seismo-Precursor detection as well as the Earth Magnetic Field model,ionosphere structure model.It also introduces the study results on the system architecture of near-earth electromagnetic detection in China,which include the detection elements,detection instruments,satellite and platform requirements.


The instantaneous salt dilution method for water discharge measurements in open channels has been improved by the development of a new instrument measuring conductivity. The salt method consists of two parts : the calibration and the actual measurement in the stream. The calibration aims to calculate the linear relationship between electrical conductivity and salt concentration at various degrees of dilution in a salt solution. The original undiluted solution is injected into the water of a stream and the conductivity is measured downstream from the injection site. When measuring, the new instrument integrates the conductivity over time. From the value obtained on the instrument's display, the water discharge can easily be calculated on a hand-PC in the field. The instrument has eliminated the subsequent calculation work formerly necessary. It has increased the accuracy of the method and also reduced the need for field personnel during measurements.


Planning of wireless communication networks is about installing S small, local radio transmitters (base stations) to provide wireless devices with strong enough signals, wherever they are. POPULAR is an advanced industrial prototype that allows to compute the minimal number of base stations and their location given a blueprint of the installation site and information about the materials used for walls and ceilings. It does so by simulating the propagation of radio-waves using ray tracing and by subsequent optimization of the number of base stations needed to cover the whole building. Taking advantage of state-of-the-art techniques for pro-grammable application-oriented constraint solving, POPULAR was among the rst practical tools that could optimally plan wireless communication networks. In this article, we introduce the basics of this real-life application and show how easy it is to implement the necessary constraints to solve the problem.


The paper by Zhen et al. [Phys. Plasmas 23, 052301 (2016)] contains some errors which have been pointed out in this Comment.


Via design and scaling is a critical issue for all nanometer scale interconnect technologies. This paper presents a comprehensive investigation into the robustness and accuracy of ITRS specified design guidelines for vias in nanometer scale technologies. Using rigorous thermal finite element simulations of 3-D via/line structures embedded in a chip, and material/geometrical data based on the ITRS, it is shown that design of vias based on ITRS specified maximum allowable currents for various technology nodes can severely compromise their reliability by underestimating chip-level thermal effects and current flow continuity in pitch matched vias, especially at the local interconnect tier. A more robust via design optimization strategy is proposed which will be useful to process designers.


This essay explores the diverse forms of social engagement with nature, against the background of cultural identity. Cultural identity, used here as an umbrella term for the connections people feel with their environment, is a factor in the local nature conservation initiatives taken by people and businesses. Conversely, for some groups in society the landscape can represent a cultural identity with which they have no affinity at all. The report is based on a literature study and aims to contribute tothe public debate on the objectives of nature policy. This is illustrated by a few examples of innovative forms of public engagement with nature. A broad public debate that emphasises engagement with nature (whatever idea of nature that might be) and respect for everyone's opinions is essential, not only to ensure that nature policy commands widespread support, but also to inspire cultural identity with nature.


Presented is a mathematical model to compute the multiple-input multiple-output efficiency of a multiport antenna in the single-user case. The evaluation comprises the performance of a zero-forcing receiver in two limiting propagation scenarios, i.e., the random line-of-sight and the rich isotropic multipath channels.


A highly efficient and enantioselective (>99.5% ee) synthesis of the title compound has been accomplished. Key steps include (1) epoxidation of unsaturated ketone 7 in the presence of a polyamino acid to afford compound 8 in >95 ee, (2) regioselective Baeyer-Villiger rearrangement of epoxy ketone 8 to afford glycidic ester 9, and (3) regioselective (35:1) opening of lithium glycidate 13 at C-3 with methyl 3-mercaptopropionate. The approach is economical, and all transformations proceed in high yield and are amenable to large-scale preparation


The aim of this work was to investigate the phytochemical profile and biological properties of different colours of betalain cactus pear extracts, evaluating their antioxidant, cytoprotective, and anti‐angiogenic properties by cell‐free, cell‐based, and in vivo assays. A QuEChERS extraction method followed by RP‐LC‐DAD‐MS/MS analysis showed that indicaxanthin and betanin were the main compounds (≥94.32% and ≥96.95%, respectively). Orange cactus pear extracts exert the best antioxidant activity in all assays carried out, in particular into ORAC (17,352.55 ± 987.407 mg trolox equivalents/100 g dry weight) and β‐carotene bleaching (60.35%) assays. The red ones, instead, showed the best cytoprotective activity decreasing the cell mortality, LDH, and Caspase‐3 release ranging from 4.0 to 55%.


We present two series of Cu2Ga4Te7‐based compounds with Zn substituting for Cu (Cu‐poor) and Ga (Ga‐poor), and have observed enhanced thermoelectric performance. Generally, the Seebeck coefficient (α) and lattice thermal conductivity (κL) increase and electrical conductivity (σ) decreases with the Zn content increasing. The variation in electrical properties might be mainly due to the formation of antisite defects ( VCu−1 and ZnGa−1 ), the acceptors. The defects increase the local density of states (DOS) near the Fermi level and effective mass, leading to the increase in α, while on the other hand, they widen the bandgap (Eg) leading to the degradation of the electrical conductivity. The gradual enhancement in κL is attributed to the reduced phonon scattering resulting from the decrease in vacancy concentration. As a result, we attained the maximum ZT value of 0.46 for Cu‐CGT and 0.47 for Ga‐CGT at ∼770 K with a proper Zn content, which is about 20–22% higher than that of intrinsic Cu2Ga4Te7.


not only understand but see and hear in present human interactions" (p.38). Hilsman illustrates his methodology through patient narratives, spiritual needs framework, spiritual issues and needs summary, and emotional needs support outcomes. Having these tools and goals organized in this user-friendly way is very helpful. It seems to me that a chaplain might use them with intentionality in her practice, thereby bringing a reflective, knowledgeable, and spiritual presence into the process of caring for a patient. The best parts of Hilsman's work, to me, are his invitation to readers to evaluate their practice and outcomes in light of research, his description of what it takes to become a spiritual clinician, and his advice to clinicians on how to hold on to their competency. Hilsman also provides a case study describing the use of chaplain chart notes by interdisciplinary team members at a leading US hospital. It is eye-opening for readers to learn how often chaplaincy notes are accessed during the care of patients. He concludes that caregivers and clinicians are interested in what chaplains document in patient charts. This book is an excellent resource for chaplains and clinical pastoral educators, and also helps medical caregivers, clinicians, and healthcare administrators learn more deeply about what chaplains do. Hilsman's book offers readers the chance to gain a fresh appreciation of the patients' inner worlds and their human travails, which are often concealed within the urgency and busyness of medical caregiving. Given the brilliance and helpfulness of his book, I find myself disappointed that Hilsman does not give specific, concrete examples on some of his points. For instance, he encourages chaplains to trust their impressions of patients and to include them in chart notes. The question is, what measures should be used to ensure appropriate boundaries to safeguard patients' dignity? What legal implications may there be? I would also ask for concrete examples regarding the questions that Hilsman encourages chaplains to ask themselves when charting, so that the process of record keeping will "not hurt the patient in any way imaginable, benefit her significantly, be realistically functional for the human community and optimally fit into the complex deliberations about the patient's current medical situation" (p.178). Despite the abundance of cases recounted in his book, Hilsman is inconsistent in mentioning the racial, ethnic, cultural, or religious identity of the patients. His own background and experiences remain unnamed. While this is not unusual among the majority of writers from the dominant (White, male, patriarchal) culture, it would have been very appropriate for the author to acknowledge his own limitations in crossor inter-cultural practices and knowledge of spiritual assessment. For me, such unnamed issues carry serious implications that matter for them and for people of color, and people with different worldviews. First, there is the assumption that all human psychology is the same regardless of origins. Second, it implies that all human beings share the same family practices and relationships. For example, Freud's view of motherhood, in my opinion, certainly would not reconcile with the perception of motherhood in Chinese culture. Psychologists Derald Wing Sue and David Sue address the lack of attention to the development of culture-specific techniques in counseling and therapy. Another major concern that I have regarding Hilsman's work is what seems an exclusively humanist approach. Hilsman admits to his bias, saying of the world's great religious founders: "From a humanist point of view, in the evolution of helping, a few great spiritual innovators merged . . . They were fine humanists . . ." (p.47). He says that religion is meant to enhance the human spirit. This is a very limited definition of religion, shallow in its view of the human soul in relationship with the Mystery and the Holy. In Hilsman's world, is there room for divine–human encounters? Is there space for soul care? Hilsman's humanist approach can only take us so far. It presents a skewed view of spirituality, religion, and culture that is out of date with the state of the world today. Given the rapid increase in globalization, chaplains must take a more humble and open approach to redefine what spirituality really means in the frame of reference of the other, who is different from them. Overall, I find Spiritual Care In Common Terms useful for both medical and spiritual care professionals. In publishing this book, Hilsman has clearly accomplished his goal. We now have a valuable resource not only for students in clinical pastoral education, but also for certified educators and interdisciplinary team members.


Abstract The modern technology has tremendously improved the controlling technologies for fuel injection system and the emission of various harmful greenhouse gases. For detecting oxygen level in the combustion chamber and exhaust gases, a sensor named lambda sensor is used in most of the automobiles. In this paper, a numerical simulation of this lambda sensor was carried out to improve the life span of the sensors protection wall by changing its design with the help of computational fluid dynamics techniques. The simulation results showed that exhaust gas entering the sensor with a pressure range reduced by about 1.41% in comparison to its prevailing design. At the central zone of the sensor, the pressure value reduced by 9.81% with the design modification performed in the protection layer of the lambda sensor. Similarly, the exhaust gas leaving the sensor showed a 6.45% pressure drop in par with the prevailing model. The velocity and temperature of the exhaust gas were the other parameters studied. The simulation results of improved protection layer design when compared to the prevailing model indicated that, the exhaust gas velocity at the inlet and central zone of the sensor was reduced by 19.37% and 17.1% respectively. The exhaust gas temperature showed a drop of 15% in the central zone of the sensor for the new improved model. Thus, from the simulation results it can be stated that, the design modification done in the protection layer of the lambda sensor will positively improvise the life span of the sensor from present life time of 2.5 Lakh kilometres or 15 years.


The enzyme cinnamate 4-hydroxylase (C4H, EC 184.108.40.206), which belongs to the cytochrome P450 family, is involved in the phenylpropanoid pathway. Using RACE, full-length cDNA consisting of 2063 nucleotides encoding C4H (designated DfC4H) was isolated from Dryopteris fragrans (L.) Schott. A number of 1527 of nucleotides composed the complete open reading frame (ORF) of the cDNA (GenBank Accession Number KF830705.2). A protein that consisted of 508 amino acids with a calculated molecular mass of 58.1908 kDa was predicted to be encoded by this ORF. The overexpression of DfC4H was observed to increase significantly p-coumaric acid and anthocyanin levels in transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana. Introduction Dryopteris fragrans (L.) Schott, a perennial deciduous herb belonging to the family Dryopteridaceae is known as Xiang-Lin-Mao-Jue in China. This plant species is widespread in North America, Europe and Asia (Ao and Li 1990). Earlier evidence revealed that chemical compounds derived from the herb were of high medicinal importance (Wang et al. 2008, Chang 2009) due to their antioxidative and antibacterial effects. For these reasons, the properties of this D. fragrans have attracted considerable foreign and national research attention. The chemical composition of this medicinal plant is rather complex, including variety chemical substances, such as flavonoids, isophthalics, and terpenes (Widén et al. 2001). Using molecular biological techniques, fragments of both DfC4H and DfPAL gene family (Li et al. 2015), as well as the ORF of DfCHS (Sun et al. 2014) and a novel MADS-box gene, DfMADS1 were cloned (Huang et al. 2014). The enzyme cinnamic acid 4-hydroxylase, which is a representative of the family of cytochrome P450 (CYP73A) enzymes, is involved in the phenylpropanoid pathway (Teutsch et al. 1993, Achnine et al. 2004). C4H exerts multiple important functions; for example, its N-terminal hydrophobic region is involved in anchoring the complex of enzymes of general phenylpropanoid enzymes (C4H, 4-coumarate : coenzyme A ligase, and PAL) to the membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum (Winkel-Shirley 1999). Although the C4H gene ortholog was earlier cloned in D. fragrans (Li et al. 2015), the full-length sequence of the cDNA of the C4H gene has not yet been cloned. Therefore, to confirm the function of C4H in D. fragrans, in the present investigation, the full-length cDNA sequence of the C4H gene isolated from D. fragrans were cloned and characterized for the first time. In addition, bioinformatic analysis and transformation of this gene into Arabidopsis thaliana were also conducted. *Author for correspondence: . College of Mathematics and Information Sciences of Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, China. Laboratory of Plant Research College of Life Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150030, China. College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, 410082, China. Laboratory of Plant Research College of Life Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150030, China.


This paper deals with the problem of estimating the level sets of an unknown distribution function $F$. A plug-in approach is followed. That is, given a consistent estimator $F_n$ of $F$, we estimate the level sets of $F$ by the level sets of $F_n$. In our setting no compactness property is a priori required for the level sets to estimate. We state consistency results with respect to the Hausdorff distance and the volume of the symmetric difference. Our results are motivated by applications in multivariate risk theory. In this sense we also present simulated and real examples which illustrate our theoretical results.


IT IS AN ESTABLISHED FACT that epileptic patients show fluctuations in consciousness and reactivity. Numerous psychologic tests are based on this fact, for example, Kraepelin's calculation test and Bourdon-Wiersma's stipple test. On the other hand, the electroencephalographer is familiar with paroxysmal changes in the bioelectrical activity of the epileptic patient's cerebrum. It is therefore an obvious suggestion that the changes in behavior are in some way correlated with epileptic activity as seen on the electroencephalogram. The focus of our investigation was to study whether and how paroxysmal electroencephalographic patterns would correlate with fluctuations in behavior. For this purpose, it was necessary to devise a performance test which could be recorded simultaneously with the electroencephalogram.


We review cosmological inflation and its realization in quantum field theory and in string theory. This material is a portion of a book, also entitled "Inflation and String Theory", to be published by Cambridge University Press.


Forensic assessment in disability and worker's compensation matters requires an understanding of the conceptual basis of disability in the context of the specific policy, contract, or program under which the claimant has applied for benefits. Regardless of the legal circumstances, all disability evaluations have some things in common. Disability is not a personal characteristic, but a dynamic state created by the interaction of person and situation variables—specifically the claimant's condition, the claimant's functional capacity, and the demands of the claimant's occupation. When there is a question about an individual's eligibility for disability benefits, an independent medical examination (IME) may be sought in an attempt to gain objective information about the claimant's reported condition, the functional impairments resulting from this condition, and how these impairments compromise the claimant's ability to function in a work setting. A conceptual model of disability as a "legal competence" is proposed to provide a framework to guide data collection, interpretation, and the formulation of the examiner's opinion.

Keywords:

disability;
worker's compensation;
IME;
forensic assessment;
SSDI


Mathematical evaluation of the service life and fatigue strength of the lower flange of a steel railway bridge with four 210 m spans; calculation of the stress distribution and maximum values for stresses at critical points (welded joints, stiffeners, etc); comparison of these values with results obtained on test pieces.


1 International Center for the Assessment of Nutritional Status (ICANS), Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, Milan, Italy, 2 Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (DISFARM), University of Milan, Milan, Italy, 3 Botanic Garden G.E. Ghirardi, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (DISFARM), University of Milan, Toscolano Maderno, Italy, 4 Lab of Nutrition and Obesity Research, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Istituti di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Milan, Italy


R1.2) Please state your inquiries more explicitly as specific hypotheses or questions. Hypotheses should be in a falsifiable form (Yes or No) an you have them in an exploratory format ("HIE usage will vary according to factors indicative of..."). Questions are useful to characterize some of the other aspects of the study, such as the different patterns of use and what they mean in relation to care.


Accurate measurements of the attenuation of second sound in rotating rectangular cavities are reported. By driving different resonant modes of the cavity, we obtained information about the spatial distribution of vortices. The theory of stable and metastable states in deformed rotating cylinders is developed in the limit of many vortices, then tested by experiment in the high-velocity range. Metastability and hysteresis phenomena are observed in the whole investigated range of angular velocities ($\ensuremath{\Omega}\ensuremath{\sim}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}2} \mathrm{to} 10$ ${\mathrm{sec}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$). At a given $\ensuremath{\Omega}$, the observed vortex number $N$ can fluctuate around the equilibrium value ${N}_{0}$: $\frac{\ensuremath{\Delta}N}{{N}_{0}}\ensuremath{\lesssim}10%$ for $\ensuremath{\Omega}\ensuremath{\gtrsim}1$ ${\mathrm{sec}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$; $\frac{\ensuremath{\Delta}N}{{N}_{0}}\ensuremath{\sim}1$ for $\ensuremath{\Omega}\ensuremath{\lesssim}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ ${\mathrm{sec}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$. Primarily, thanks to a good temperature stabilization, we were able to distinguish and systematically reproduce three vortex states for any value of $\ensuremath{\Omega}$: the thermodynamic equilibrium ${N}_{0}$ state, and two limiting metastable states containing, respectively, the minimum number ${N}_{1}$ and the maximum number ${N}_{2}$ of vortices. In the high-velocity range, $\ensuremath{\Delta}N$ can be related to a variation of the thickness $d$ of the vortex-free strip occurring near the walls; $d$ varies between two extremal values ${d}_{1}$ and ${d}_{2}$, which turn out to be independent of the boundary geometry. The role of mechanical vibrations is discussed, and the hyrdodynamic predictions concerning the barrier energy are reconsidered in relation to these experiments. From the low-velocity results, it emerges that the experimental value of the critical angular velocity is in substantial disagreement with theory.


Failure of the antidepressant drugs to produce complete recovery in addition to their debilitating side effects forced researchers to find more acceptable and effective natural alternatives. Bee honey has exhibited several therapeutic benefits in physical health related problems; however, it is not clear if bee honey can have similar benefits for mental health problems. This paper systematically investigated the therapeutic effects of bee honey on depression. A search of PubMed resulted in 8 studies that assessed the effect of honey on depression (2 RCTs of human subjects and 6 animal studies). Findings support the therapeutic effectiveness of bee honey for improving biomarkers and symptoms of depression and anxiety. However, human studies had several methodological flaws and none of them assessed the biological effect of honey on depression. Therefore, more rigorous RCTs that compare the effect of different types of honey and its ingredient on specific biological and psychological measures of depression are needed.


Within the SINTAP project, Task 4 is addressing thermal and residual stresses. Part of Task 4 deals with production of a compendium of welding residual stresses for a range of weldment geometries. The other part of Task 4 deals with the treatment of these residual stresses, and other secondary stresses, in a defect assessment approach. This latter aspect involves finite-element analysis, experimental work and an examination of the methodology for treating thermal and residual stresses.


Water vapor (H2O) measurements made by the Sounding of the Atmosphere using Broadband Emission Radiometry (SABER) instrument between 2002 and 2018 and by the Aura Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) instrument between 2004 and 2018 are analyzed to determine the linear trend and solar cycle response of H2O in the stratosphere and mesosphere. Both SABER and MLS show a rapid global H2O increase of 5–6% per decade in the lower stratosphere after the 2001 drop. The increasing zonal mean H2O at 40°N in SABER and MLS is consistent with the Boulder frost point hygrometer data in the lower stratosphere. The global distribution of SABER and MLS H2O trends are positive at most altitudes and latitudes, and they peak in the tropical lower stratosphere. In the mesosphere the SABER H2O trend is 0.1–0.2 ppmv per decade and the MLS H2O trend is 0.2–0.3 ppmv per decade. The trend and solar cycle response derived from the observations are compared against the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model (WACCM). The solar cycle response of H2O from WACCM agrees with SABER and MLS. The linear H2O trend from WACCM does not show the observed increase in the lower stratosphere.


Preface 1. Vector algebra revisited 2. Vector algebra applied to electromagnetism 3. Line and surface integrals 4. Further applications to electromagnetism 5. Volume integrals 6. A crisis in electromagnetic theory 7. Gradient and divergence, gauges of non-uniformity 8. Gradient and divergence combined 9. Four other important partial differential equations 10. Rotationality and the curl operator in fluid mechanics 11. The curl operator in electromagnetism 12. Integrals in fluid mechanics Appendices Answers to problems Index.


Objective To investigate the distribution of dyslipidemia among adult residents in Changshu and analyze the impact of their eating habits and lifestyle on blood lipid levels,in order to provide scientific basis for the prevention and treatment of dyslipidemia.Methods From September to October 2007,a total of 1 780 adults(≥18 years old) living in Changshu were selected with stratified cluster random sampling for a cross-sectional investigation.Total cholesterol,triglycerides,high density lipoprotein were measured.Results The incidence of dyslipidemia was 37.1%.The proportion of dyslipidemia was related to age and sex.It was significantly higher in male group than in female group(P0.01).The proportion of dyslipidemia increased with age increasing.But it decreased in the group of over 60 years.The multi-factor logistic regression analysis result showed that sex and BMI were risk factors for proportion of dyslipidemia.The proportion of dyslipidemia was positively associated with dietary fat and negatively associated with dietary fiber,vegetable and fruit(P0.05).Conclusion Adults residents in Changshu City had a higher rate of dyslipidemia.It was necessary for policy makers to give emphasis on publicity and education.Patients with hyperlipidemic may be care about balanced diet and acquiring good habits in order to reduce the incidence of blood lipid abnormalities and cardiovascular diseases.


Soon after the implementation of the Uruguay Round, U.S. agricultural exports reached their highest level. Now many things, including exchange rates, factor into any rise in exports, but almost all economists agree that lowering trade barriers through trade agreements has been a critical factor. The vast majority— 96 percent—of potential customers for U.S. products, including agricultural products, live outside the United States. We must work to increase our opportunities to sell into these global markets.


On the basis of the analysis of the pallet pooling pattern, this paper takes the closed pallet pooling system as a starting point for applications and promotion. The closed pallet pooling system is proposed, which is gradually developed into an open regional pooling system. Then, combined with pallet consumption and circulation in Sichuan province, Chengdu is used as an example. The key issues on the implementation of the system are analyzed. Furthermore, business processes, pallet selection, service station settings, construction of information platforms, and service pricing are discussed.


Estimates of the UK demand for money function are obtained utilising the Box‐Cox family of power transformations based on a Bank of England adjusted data set for the period 1963I — 1979IV. The functions are subjected to functional and structural stability testing with careful consideration of the resulting error structure. First‐order autocorrelation problems are encountered in the narrow money series Ml and attempts to consider a more flexible dynamic structure are investigated.


In this demonstration we enable preemptive force-feedback systems to speed up human reaction time without fully compromising the user's sense of agency. Typically these haptic systems speed up human reaction time by means of electrical muscle stimulation (EMS) or mechanical actuation (exoskeletons), which unfortunately, completely remove the users sense of agency. We address this by actuating the user's body, using EMS, within a particular time window (160 ms after visual stimulus), which we found to speed up reaction time by 80 ms, while retaining a sense of agency. Here, we demonstrate this at the example of two applications: (1) taking a picture of a high-speed moving object in mid-flight, or (2) hit baseball with a toy gun.


Combining ability was studied for yield and yield contributing traits in 5 × 5 diallel cross in Brassica rapa (L.) ssp. dichotoma (Roxb.) Hanelt. Primary branches plant -1 , pods main raceme -1 , pod length, 100-seed weight and seed yield plant -1 were significantly different. Heritability and genetic advance estimates were moderate for primary branches plant 1 , pods main raceme -1 , 100 seed weight whereas were high for seed yield plant -1 . Parental line G-909 for primary branches plant -1 , pods main raceme -1 and seed yield plant -1 , genotype G-902 for pod length and genotype G-403 for 100seed weight were the best general combiners. Based on combing ability and heterosis, the F1 hybrids G-909 × G-265 (for primary branches plant -1 ), G-265 × G- 403, G-1500 × G-909 (for pods main raceme -1 ), G-403 × G-909 (for pod length), G-265 × G-1500 (for 100-seed weight) and G-1500 × G-902, G-909 × G-902 (for seed yield plant -1 ) can be utilized in future breeding endeavors. Non-additive genetic control, as predominant mechanism, for all the traits necessitates the use of schemes like bi-parental mating design, diallel selective mating followed by recurrent or reciprocal recurrent selection.


In recent years, many governmental agencies and private companies came to a growing realization of the need for accurate forecasting freight volumes as part of the travel demand forecasting process. Freight demand forecasting is a complex process and has not been explored in the same degree as travel demand forecasting for passenger vehicles. The purpose of this paper is to provide a review and synthesis of available freight demand forecasting models to assist stakeholders in their efforts to incorporate such models into the transportation planning process. The paper examines and contrasts traditional freight demand forecasting models and as well as more recently proposed tour-based models, and discusses model features, advantages, limitations, and suitability for application.


Persons spend on average one third of their life asleep. Getting enough sleep has a major impact on how a person looks, feels and functions on a daily basis. However, over the past century, there has been a consistent rapid decrease in sleep quality and an increase of sleep complaints among children, adolescents and the middle-aged population. Occasional sleep difficulties are normal, but evidence from various countries continues to demonstrate that recurring troubles with initiating or maintaining sleep – commonly referred to as insomnia – is often a highly persistent condition, affecting one in three adults. Pharmacological therapy has been widely used to treat sleep onset issues. However, the usefulness of these pharmaceutical agents for a long-term intervention is limited by their adverse side effects. Due to the limited amount of non-pharmacological and scientifically proven solutions for insomnia currently available on the market, there exists an unmet need for an effective, non-obtrusive and risk-free sleep inducing solution to support behavior and lifestyle change in problem sleepers and stressed individuals at a low threshold. Based on the observation that certain individuals fall asleep more easily when riding in a car or train, this project hypothesizes that the combination of auditory- and vibrotactile stimulation is an effective method to promote fast sleep onset and counteract high arousal or stress levels during to the process of initiating sleep. A Latin square, placebo-controlled, within subject design was executed with sixteen healthy normal- sleeping adults using both objective and subjective measurements of sleep onset latency and subjective measurements of change in stress and arousal levels. A Multiple Sleep Latency Test protocol was followed, which involved a full-day test that consisted of four scheduled daytime sleep attempts separated by a two-hour interval. The premature findings of the executed study provide some scientific basis for understanding the direct relationship between the combination of auditory- and vibrotactile stimulation and sleep onset latency. Although the objective measurements of this study demonstrated no statistically significant differences, there exist promising subjective effects, which stipulates a first step into the direction that monaural beats and vibrations can be used to improve and maintain health and wellbeing. To conclude, a product that utilizes monaural beats and vibrations during to the process of initiating sleep fills the need for a non-obtrusive, risk-free and easy-to-use sleep inducing solution. Although a selection of auditory- and vibrotactile parameters was found to be effective, the outcomes of the conclusive questionnaire indicated large discrepancies in how participants experienced the stimulation conditions, i.e. there were diverse subjective reports of having both increased difficulties as improvements with getting into sleep and/or maintaining a relaxed state of mind. Hence it can be concluded that the usefulness of monaural beats and vibrations depend heavily on personal preferences and are not conform to the one-size-fits-all approach. For that reason, persons who are suffering from insomnia and looking to enhance their sleep experience should be able to identify and use sound and vibration characteristics they enjoy as a self- administered complementary intervention to facilitate fast sleep onset and counteract high arousal or stress levels during to the process of initiating sleep. Moreover, there are an increasing number of companies that are launching products and applications that employ sensory stimulation techniques to improve sleep, but do so without providing any supportive evidence. In addition to that, many persons are still skeptical how much benefit wearables and sleep trackers really offer, as currently all they are focused on is collecting and displaying data. SoundSleep, the concept developed in this graduation project, intends to go beyond that, by enhancing a person's sleep quality without having to spend more time in bed. This product encompasses a non- invasive mattress cover packed with smart responsive technology, which is able to provide a fully personalized- and invisible experience of monaural beats and vibrations. The incorporated technology is able to accurately track sleep and deliver stimulation to preferred parts of the body without the user having to be fixated to a device during the night. Hence SoundSleep enhances the sleep experience rather than limits the user in terms of sleeping positions and freedom of movement. What is powerful about SoundSleep is that it keeps sleep as much as possible to the basics; upgrades an object that is extremely familiar to all of us; functions on any mattress and hence every body; and does not require any new behaviors or complicated installations. The only thing users have to do is complete the bedtime routine as usual


To prevent and punish corruption, we should set up a social system via the way of accelerating enactment of law, completing legislative systems, and combination of high payment and cultivation.


ing is permitted with credit to the source. Libraries are permitted to photocopy beyond the limit of U.S. copyright law, for private use of patrons, those articles in this volume that carry a code at the bottom of the first page, provided that the per-copy fee indicated in the code is paid through the Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923. Other copying, reprint, or reproduction requests should be addressed to IEEE Copyrights Manager, IEEE Service Center, 445 Hoes Lane, PO. Box 1331, Piscataway, NJ 08855-1331. IEEE 46951 ISBN 978-1-7281-3915-9 ISSN 2324-8440 Additional copies of this publication are available from Curran Associates, Inc. 57 Morehouse Lane Red Hook, NY 12571 USA +1 845 758 0400 +1 845 758 2633 (FAX) email: firstname.lastname@example.com


We have grown single crystals of SmS and investigated effects of nominal composition on the electrical resistivity, optical reflectivity, magnetoresistance, dc magnetization, and specific heat. We report that nominally stoichiometric and S-excess samples have an energy gap ( E g ) of about 950 (±100) K while Sm-excess samples possess E g of about 1500 (±100) K, and further that these values of E g correlate with the lattice constant. These findings were interpreted as the chemical pressure effect. As an external magnetic field is increased, E g monotonically decreases albeit in the nonmagnetic black phase, which can be an origin of reported negative magnetoresistance. The low-temperature specific heat under pressure shows the presence of an intrinsic γ-term in the golden phase in addition to a spurious γ-coefficient arising from secondary phases such as Sm 3 S 4 .


Implementing any new business software can be an intimidating prospect and this paper is intended to offer some insight in to how to approach this challenge with some fundamental rules for success. Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) had undergone an original ERP implementation of HRMS, Oracle Advanced Benefits, Worker Self Service, Manager Self Service, Project Accounting, Financials and PO, and recently completed a project to implement Oracle Payroll, Time and Labor and Accrual Plans. This paper will describe some of the important lessons that can be applied to any implementation as a whole, and then specifically how this knowledge was applied to the design and deployment of Oracle Accrual Plans for LANL. Finally, detail on the functionality available in Oracle Accrual Plans will be described, as well as the detailed setups.that were utilized at LANL.


M as a percentage of capital accounts, no improvement in net profits was realized in 1951 over 1950 by the typical mem• ber bank in the Ninth district. The Operating Ratios study* recently completed by the Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis reveals that, although this was true of the typical bank, a comparatively small number of larger banks enjoyed higher net profits last year. This explains the higher aggregate volume of bank profits reported in the Review last month.


Purpose: Early diagnosis of prelabor rupture of membranes (PROM) is essential to protect mother and fetus from intra‐uterus infection and preterm birth. A simple and rapid bedside test would help clinicians confirm the diagnosis for early treatment.


We report on the size relationship of Au and Au-Pt nanoparticles that were synthesised on silica and anatase phase titania supports. Deposition-precipitation (DP) of metal chlorides with the addition of urea and ammonium hydroxide was used to produce the nanoparticles. The relative particle size relationship of the Au and Au-Pt nano particles (NP's) was investigated, relating the Pt concentration and the support polymorph over a temperature range. It was found, with the use of in-situ variable temperature powder X-ray diffraction (VT-PXRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), that the addition of Pt to the Au system corresponded to a reduction in particle size over a broad temperature range.


In this study, improvement of granular pumice soils strength by injection method in Nevsehir City (Turkey) was investigated. In the first phase of the study, the geotechnical properties of granular pumice soils were investigated. The specific density, dry unit weight and water absorption value increased with the decrease of grain size. Thus, it can be seen that the bearing capacity of pumice varies depending on the grain size. In the second level, changes in strength of unconfined compression of injected pumice samples were analysed. The samples taken from the field were prepared to 35, 65 and 85 % density, relatively. Pressure of 100 kPa and water/cement ratio of 1.0 was applied to this test samples and the samples were allowed to cure for a period of 7 and 28 days. The results of the study showed that injected pumice soil reached its maximum strength value with 35% relative density and reached its minimum value with 85% relative density. At the end of 28 days curing period, injected pumice soils prepared with 85% relative density have an equivalent strength to C8 concrete class and grouted pumice soils prepared with 35% relative density have an equivalent strength to C12 concrete class.


Given an Enriques surface $T$, its universal K3 cover $f: S\to T$, and a genus $g$ linear system $|C|$ on $T$, we construct the relative Prym variety $P_H=\Prym_{v, H}(\D/\CC)$, where $\CC\to |C|$ and $\D\to |f^*C|$ are the universal families, $v$ is the Mukai vector $(0,[D], 2-2g)$ and $H$ is a polarization on $S$. The relative Prym variety is a $(2g-2)$-dimensional possibly singular variety, whose smooth locus is endowed with a hyperk\"ahler structure. This variety is constructed as the closure of the fixed locus of a symplectic birational involution defined on the moduli space $M_{v,H}(S)$. There is a natural Lagrangian fibration $\eta: P_H \to |C|$, that makes the regular locus of $P_H$ into an integrable system whose general fiber is a $(g-1)$-dimensional (principally polarized) Prym variety, which in most cases is not the Jacobian of a curve. We prove that if $|C|$ is a hyperelliptic linear system, then $P_H$ admits a symplectic resolution which is birational to a hyperk\"ahler manifold of K3$^{[g-1]}$-type, while if $|C|$ is not hyperelliptic, then $P_H$ admits no symplectic resolution. We also prove that any resolution of $P_H$ is simply connected and, when $g$ is odd, any resolution of $P_H$ has $h^{2,0}$-Hodge number equal to one.


T economy itself is commonly discussed as if it is a goal in its own right rather than a means to an end. The result is economic growth pursued at all costs, without sufficient consideration of its implications for human well-being, equality, social costs, environmental limits, or their interconnection with each other – a socially disembedded version of the economy. Karl Polanyi's argument, that attempts to disembed the economy from social norms will inevitability result in society re-asserting control over economic activity as the social costs of self-regulating markets become too great to be tolerated, has clear resonance today. We find ourselves poised in the UK to impose regulation on the banking sector with a view to increasing financial stability and reducing the impact of speculative behaviour in that market, in response to the 2008 financial crisis and the faltering global economy. At the global level, we see the increasing recognition of the devastating impact human beings and the unconstrained pursuit of economic growth has had on degradation of ecosystems.1 If continued unabated, this degradation will pose a major threat to the well-being of future generations. Added to these is the dismal indictment that, despite its economic wealth, the UK has been unable to eradicate its problems of poverty and deprivation. Karl Polanyi's contribution to economic debate was to demonstrate that, left to their own logic, unregulated markets do not achieve rational and equitable outcomes. He challenged as false utopias self-regulating markets framed both by classical economics and central planning. Instead, he helpfully focused discussion on finding a balance between market and non-market mechanisms, private and public, and the individual and the community. At nef (New Economics Foundation) we argue that the purpose of the economy should be to enhance the well-being of the citizens of the country, in a way that is socially just and environmentally sustainable. Subordinating the economy to these goals would require a transformation of the economic system in terms of how we value and measure progress, organise markets and structure business. Value determines how we prioritise our activities and allocate scarce resources. If we rely on unregulated markets to price everything then we find ourselves in a situation where we only value something once it is scarce. Comparing the social usefulness


The concept of smart city is being receiving wide consideration as a guiding principle of European public policy. Providing "smartness" to modern society is emerging as a strategy to coordinate sets of interventions aiming at make city more sustainable. Following the principle that what is not measured cannot be managed, the authors propose a Carbon Footprint Calculator (CFC) to evaluate and monitor emissions resulting from the collection of municipal solid waste system. This user-friendly tool has been developed in the frame of European project "RES NOVAE" with the aim of providing the city with a 'smart governance'. Smart governance is a cornerstone of smart city: it means stakeholders cooperating in decision making process and public or social service. Indeed, the calculator is suitable for both public decision makers and citizens. Policy maker can use the CFC proposed to support greenhouse gases monitoring as well as to provide an estimation of a potential change in emissions associated with management and technological changes in waste collection. 'Smart' citizens will use the carbon footprint calculator to glean consciousness about personal behaviours affecting green house gas emissions. The tool stands as a formative instrument to involve citizens in societal challenges and increase their public participation.


Introduction, Hazel Kemshall, DeMontfort University, and Jacki Pritchard, Trainer and Consultant. 1. Sentencing Violent Offenders, Judge David Bentley QC. 2. Young Offenders Who Commit Grave Crimes: The Criminal Justice Response, Gwyneth Boswell, University of East Anglia. 3. The Assessment and Management of Violent Offenders, Hazel Kemshall, DeMontfort University. 4. Working with Men Who are Violent to Partners: Striving for Good Practice, David Morran, University of Stirling and Monica Wilson, CHANGE. 5. Managing Violence Managing Masculinity, Karen Buckley, Nottinghamshire Probation Service. 6. Violent Women: Building Knowledge-Based Intervention Strategies, Judith Rumgay, London School of Economics. 7. South Asian Young Women's Experiences of Violence and Abuse, Umme Farvah Imam, University of Durham. 8. Linking Thoughts to Actions: Using the Integrated Abuse Cycle in Assessing Sexually Aggressive Children, Colin Hawkes, Consultant Social Worker. 9. Children in Danger of Violence from their Carers: Lessons from the Literature and Practice, Ann Hagell, Policy Research Bureau and Renuka Jeyarajah Dent, The Bridge Child Care Development Service. 10. Managing Violence in Residential Settings, Angela Stanton-Greenwood, Barnardos. 11. Violence in High Secure Hospital Settings - Measuring, Assessing and Responding, Colin Dale, University of Central Lancashire, Phil Woods, University of Manchester, George Allan and Walter Brennan, Ashworth Hospital. 12. Public Protection, Potentially Violent Offenders and the Role of Senior Managers, Gill MacKenzie, Gloucestershire Probation Service. 13. Training on Violence and Aggression, Ron Wiener, Trainer and Consultant. References. Index.


Thanks to the technological change, the industry 4.0 has arrived. Artificial intelligence let software and machines to sense and learn on their own activities. In these research field, formation control of mobile robots is a popular topic. From rescue task to environment exploration, many of the applications require the robots to perform group patterns. To achieve these works, the control process could be simplified into multiple leader-follower relationships which control the followers to achieve the specific relative position with respect to the leaders. However, in particular situations, the tracking process should further consider the relative pose when both robots reach the desired relative position such as dynamic combination of robots. This paper proposes a Deep Q-Network based leader-follower tracking method with a climbing-up combination process. The control algorithm depends on the robot vision of the follower without any global measurements, and the whole process focuses on the relative pose between the mobile robot (follower) and the flatbed vehicle (leader).


Deep infiltrating endometriosis (DIE) is defined as endometriosis lesions penetrating into retroperitoneal space for a distance of 5 mm or more.Most of DIE lesions are located at posterior part of the pelvis, DIE is responsible for painful symptoms including dysmenorrhea,chronic pelvic pain or dyspareunia. Surgical resection is the primary treatment. Drug therapy is the important adjuvant therapy,reduce the intensity of endometriosis-related pain symptoms. Postoperative medical treatment may delay recurrence.


In the present work, a continuous microreactor was designed to study the effect of miniaturization on bioreactors for the production of invertase from S. cerevisiae MM01 in a microfluidic environment. In order to simplify the analysis and considering typical production strategies at laboratory scale, 250 ml baffled flasks and a 2.5 l batch bioreactor were used as bench-scale models for the perfusion microreactor. In order to improve invertase production, the effect of different compounds in the culture media such as carbon source, nitrogen source (organic and inorganic), metal ion, polyether, amino acid and buffer on invertase production and cell growth were screened at bench-scale before scaling-down the process. Maximum invertase activity for baffled flask reactor was registered after 32 hours of process time (1.40 U/ml), immediately before stationary phase, in the non-buffered optimized medium (20 g/l sucrose, 20 g/l yeast extract and 7.5 g/l bacto peptone) at 30 0C, 200 rpm and with an initial pH of 6.0. After microfabrication the optimized medium was tested for dilution factors of 1, 10, 100 and 1000. Maximum invertase activity was registered after perfusion of the most diluted medium for 54 hours (7.94 U/ml) at pH 6.0 and 30 0C.


Wound healing is an extremely complex process involving different cell-types and also growth factors, cytokines and components of the extracellular matrix. Each phase of wound healing is characterized by closely integrated events thanks to mechanisms that involve chemotaxis of specific cell-types and release of molecules that act as paracrine effectors; even though today it can also refer to endocrine effectors, in fact the existence of numerous and complex interactions between endocrine and immune system is now well known. One of these interactions is that with a peptide hormone secreted by the anterior hypophysis: prolactin (PRL). PRL is a potent immunomodulator capable of undertaking a specific role in regulating the immune response both humoral and cell-mediated one. In recent years, a lot of evidences indicate that several other tissues are able to produce PRL. It is believed that PRL expression in skin can probably be related to an inflammatory response and may play a role in the wound healing process. From these considerations, our second experience, here described, which aims to assess PRL topic treatment effects on wound healing of skin lesions in rats, began. In our study, PRL treatment have been made by dripping on lesions produced on the back of each animal, using the following protocol: control group (100 µl of PBS); experimental group (100 µl of PRL 2 ng/ml in PBS). Total results of our studies, including this one that shows a greater rate of wound healing in PRL-treated animals, support the idea of a crucial role of PRL on wound healing in relation to its effects both on angiogenesis and proliferation of keratinocytes in the re-epithelialization process, taking to restored skin.


Objective
To investigate the situation and influencing factors of clinical first-line nurses′ professional quality of life and to provide references to improve nurses′ professional quality of life.

Methods
With convenient sampling method, we made a questionnaire survey in 504 nurses.

Results
Nurses′ professional quality of life was in the medium level. Different marital status, birth situation, the number of night-shift every week, the average monthly income, income satisfaction, job satisfaction of nursing staff′s sympathy satisfaction dimension score was different significantly (F=2.819-76.051, P<0.05 or 0.01). Different age, marital status, family situation, the average monthly income, job satisfaction of nursing staff burnout dimensions score was different significantly (F=2.653-50.930, P<0.01 or 0.05). Different situation, job title, job satisfaction of nursing staff's compassion fatigue score was significantly different (F=2.435, 2.580, 10.023, P<0.05 or 0.01). Gender, marital status, birth situation, income satisfaction, job satisfaction, emotional exhaustion, common personal appeal, waking consciousness, professional burden and how easy is it to solve the problem of relationships were the predictive variables of professional quality of life (P<0.05).

Conclusions
The level of nurses′ professional quality of life needs to be improved, nursing managers and the social departments should take effective intervention measures to improve the quality of nurses′ professional quality of life.

Key words:
Nurses; Professional quality of life; Influencing factors


OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effects of different drying methods on the content of two components in Fructus Gardeniae.METHODS Fructus Gardeniae was processed by six drying methods including oven drying under 100℃,oven drying under 50℃,freeze-drying,oven drying after steaming,vaccum drying,microwave drying.The contents of geniposide and crocin 1 were determined by RP-HPLC.RESULTS The content of two components in Fructus Gardeniae processed by six drying methods was determined.CONCLUSION There is certain effect on geniposide and crocin 1 using different drying methods,it has better effects by oven drying under 50℃,while the freeze-drying,vaccum drying,oven drying under 100℃ methods showed a common result.It is good for the conservation of geniposide by oven drying after steaming microwave drying.


In order to reveal the combined pollution characteristics of malathion adsorption onto the surficial sediments with pesticides (dimethoate, metalaxyl, atrazine, malathion, prometryn) and heavy metals (Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd, Ni) present, a 2 fractional factorial design of resolution IV was employed to identify non-interactive effects and two-way interactions of the chosen factors on malathion adsorption. The missing values of malathion adsorption in the experiment were approximated using the algorithm of back propagation neural network. It was found that Zn (13.69%), atrazine (8.76%), and metalaxyl (5.99%) have significant positive effect (α=0.05) on the malathion adsorption; 44.92% of the total contribution to malathion adsorption came from the non-interactive effects, while 55.08% was from the two-way interactions (Cu×metalaxyl, Zn×atrazine, Cu×prometryn, Pb×Cu, Cu×atrazine, and Cu×Ni). Notably in the two-way interactions, Zn×atrazine (12.93%) and Cu×prometryn (5.97%) have a strong synergistic effect on malathion adsorption, while Pb×Cu (15.80%), Cu×atrazine (7.82%), Cu×metalaxyl (6.63%), and Cu×Ni (5.93%) present intense antagonisms to malathion adsorption. The whole philosophy could be used as a new methodology in accessing the degree of combined pollution and the effect of multiple pollutants on the selected pollutants.


on its development. Passing then to the varieties of scarlet fever, and its sequelae, he comes to the indications of treatment, as deduced from the pathology, and proposes the use of his favorite remedy, acetic acid. The form in which this remedy is administered is as follows : dilute acetic acid, two drachms ; syrup, four drachms; water, two ounces; of which a fourth part is taken every three hours. The patient's room he recommends to be kept at an equable temperature, well ventilated, and not over-heated, as is often the case; he advises that the patient be not smothered in blankets, from the idea that great warmth is needed, although he would avoid all currents of air which may chill the surface and stop the eruption ; as the disease, he tells us, is rarely got over when its course is arrested at this stage. Sponging the skin with tepid vinegar and water is another suggestion made by our author, who finds it to administer great comfort to the patient, by allaying the irritation of the skin, which is often most distressing, and producing an agreeable feeling of general warmth over the surface, which induces sleep where no anodyne has the slightest effect. In summing up, Mr. Brown says that the leading principle of his treatment is based on the idea that scarlet fever is a disease of debility, and that depressing measures are all injurious. His book will be read with interest and advantage.


Reflection high‐energy electron diffraction (RHEED) measurements of the microscopic surface roughness of polished GaAs(100) wafers subjected to various surface cleaning procedures are presented. These include Br2:MeOH, HCl, and sputter etching, each followed by annealing in UHV. The results indicate that chemical etches such as Br2:MeOH and HCl produce large three‐dimensional (3D) asperities that cannot be removed by annealing, while sputter etching produces less roughness. Quantitative values of the mean asperity height are presented. Measurements on GaAs(100) are compared with results from sputter‐etching‐induced roughness on cleaved GaAs(100), which initially has a nearly defect‐free surface. Remanent roughness is always at least 2 or 3 atomic layers, with terrace widths of 100 A or less.


Worldwide, tuberculosis is one of the top 10 causes of death. Although most EU/EEA countries are low-incidence, TB remains a public health issue. In this region, TB predominantly affects vulnerable populations, including migrants (ECDC/WHO, 2019). Since migration has been increasing over the last several decades, the health needs are considerable and merit great attention for several reasons. First, migrants have a right to health. Second, health promotion and disease prevention among migrants contributes to overall public health. Last, healthy migrants contribute to positive development outcomes (WHO, 2016) (IOM, 2017).
 In order to meet the health needs of migrants, prevention is an important step. Part of preventive care is detecting illness at an early stage (for example by screening), so that treatment can be introduced when it works best (WHO Europe, 2018). However, screening of a population is only beneficial if a positive result leads to effective actions independent of geographic location (Jackson, 2017).
 So, how does one facilitate a fluid care pathway for TB-elimination? In the Netherlands, the Community Health Services (GGDs) carry out TB-control non-geographically. All 25 GGDs use iTBC, a nationwide, integrated platform that supports and connects all TB processes, independent of place and time. The appropriate TB screening pathway is selected, based on prevalence in country of birth, for all migrants resulting in optimized screening, treatment and control. In a PPP between Topicus, the Dutch Association of GGDs (GGD GHOR Nederland) and the Central Agency for the Reception of Asylum Seekers, this process has been automated for asylum seekers. By safely sharing relevant data, migrants can be screened and treated effectively. Resulting in health needs of migrants being met and optimum control of TB in low-incidence countries. The aim is to screen, treat, control and end tuberculosis whilst scaling the Dutch blueprint across the EU/EEA region.

 TB-screening contributes to EU public health if follow-up actions are facilitated non-geographically. The Dutch blueprint for TB-control shows how migrant health needs are met in an interconnected world.


The chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP) is an unusual but important complication of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) rarely reported to date. We describe a 17-year-old woman with a diagnosis of acute myeloid leukemia due to Fanconi's anemia who was submitted to allogeneic HSCT and developed CIDP as part of graft-versus-host disease. Investigation showed high cerebrospinal fluid protein; electrophysiological studies revealed sensory-motor demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy; muscle and nerve biopsy were compatible with CIDP.


Abstract Iron deficiency induces changes in the structure and function of the whole photosynthetic apparatus of higher plants. The iron deficiency‐induced decrease in pigments seems to arise from the absolute requirement for iron in the formation of thylakoid membrane. Modifications found in the thylakoid composition of iron deficient leaves include changes in the photosystem II to photosystem I stoichiometry, in the xanthophylls to chlorophylls ratio and in their lipid composition. Some of these changes may result in some protection towards photoinhibition. Changes in other leaf components, such as leaf lipids and iron fractions are discussed. Changes in parameters evaluating leaf functions, including gas exchange, water status and chlorophyll fluorescence are also discussed. New issues on iron deficiency, such as the possible misuse of membrane fractions, the rapid adaptation changes which are found to occur during the day in the iron deficient leaves in response to light conditions, and the comparison ...


A metamaterial-based novel compact microstrip antenna is presentedfor ultra-wideband (UWB) applications. The antenna consists of a layer of metamaterial made by etching a crossed-shaped slots, on the the ground plane,respectively. The shunt inductance developeddue to the patterned ground plane lead to theleft-handed behaviour of the metamaterial. The proposed antenna hasa compact size of 45.4 × 31.6 × 1.6  and is fed by a 50 Ω microstripline. Radiating patch is fractal antenna of star shape with 6mm side length. The impedance bandwidth (−10 dB) is from 3 GHz tomore than 14 GHz with maximum radiation in the horizontal planeand tends towards a directional pattern as the frequency increases. Maximum gain 15.8533db obtained from fractal antenna


Competition in air transport has been transformed by industry liberalization initiatives, resulting in the emergence of a wide array of new airline start-ups. Restrictions on low fares have been removed, uniform control requirements have been established, and legislation has facilitated the proliferation of low-fare carriers and competition. The new breed of independent low-fare airlines (LFAs) use market freedoms to shake up the industry's competitive dynamics and offer the customer the alternative of low prices and basic service. In this comprehensive and topical study the author systematically provides: a step-by-step approach to understanding the conditions and choices shaping airline competitiveness, and an assessment of the nature of the low fare market; a comprehensive study of the low fare airline sector's evolution and growth and arguments as to why the European low fare industry is here to stay despite the inevitability of a shake out (reminiscent of the early 1980s in the USA); unique insights into the success of low fare market leaders in Europe, North America and Australasia and an examination of the experience of US new entrants in the post-deregulations era, to discern strategic lessons for their counterparts; critical perspectives on strategic management principles and practices in modern airline companies, discussing strategies for survival, and comparing competitive strategies for the main low fare airlines and their limitations; key reasons for the robustness of the low fare business model during industry crises. The book also determines the conditions and strategies that shape sustainable advantage for LFAs in highly competitive deregulated markets where established airlines seek to force out new entrants and considerable political interference remains. Moreover, the book considers why, during the airline industry crisis of late 2001, the market capitalizations of low fare leaders held steady in the wake of the US terrorist attacks, while the major carriers on both sides of the Atlantic were decimated.


The crystal structure and magnetic transition were studied for the bulk Mn1.1Fe0.9P0.8Ge0.2 compound prepared by a simple blending and subsequent spark plasma sintering route. X-ray diffraction analysis and refinement show that the compound crystallizes in the hexagonal Fe2P-type structure, in which the Mn atoms occupy all the 3g sites and some 3f sites, the Fe atoms occupy the rest of the 3f sites, and P and the Ge atoms randomly occupy the 2c and 1b sites. Magnetic measurement indicates that the Curie temperature TC is at 253K and the thermal hysteresis of M-T curves at TC upon heating and cooling, a signature of a first-order magnetic phase transition, is about 15K. The maximum magnetic entropy change of the compound reaches as high as 49.2J∕kgK in a field change from 0to5T at 253K, while the adiabatic temperature change of the compound reaches only 1.2K in a field change from 0to1.5T at the same temperature.


Morgantown Energy Technology Center is developing an advanced moving-bed gasifier, which is the centerpiece of the Integrated Gasifier Combined-Cycle (IGCC) system, with the features of good efficiency, low cost, and minimal environmental impact. A mathematical model of the gasifier, the METC-Gasifier Advanced Simulation (MGAS) model, has been developed for the analysis and design of advanced gasifiers and other moving-bed gasifiers. This report contains the technical and the user manuals of the MGAS model. The MGAS model can describe the transient operation of coflow, counterflow, or fixed-bed gasifiers. It is a one-dimensional model and can simulate the addition and withdrawal of gas and solids at multiple locations in the bed, a feature essential for simulating beds with recycle. The model describes the reactor in terms of a gas phase and a solids (coal or char) phase. These phases may exist at different temperatures. The model considers several combustion, gasification, and initial stage reactions. The model consists of a set of mass balances for 14 gas species and three coal (pseudo-) species and energy balances for the gas and the solids phases. The resulting partial differential equations are solved using a finite difference technique.


The present invention provides a proanthocyanidin extract from ginkgo, the extract of Proanthocyanidin from 88.7 to 98.5% and total flavonoid content does not exceed 10%, flavonol glycosides contain no more than 5%. The present invention also provides a method for preparing the above extract, comprising the following: using aqueous ethanol extraction, hydrolysis of [beta] -glucosidase, macroporous resin adsorption, polyamide resin adsorption of the extract obtained in step and the like. The present invention provides a ginkgo extract can be used as proanthocyanidins for preventing or treating cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, ophthalmologic disease, antioxidant activity, anti-aging cosmetic for health food, pharmaceutical or cosmetic purposes.


Two field experiments were conducted during the two winter season of 2003/2004 and 2004/2005 at a private farm, Al-Nagah village, El–Tahrir Province, El–Behiera Governorate. The aim of this study to determine the reduction of yield in lentil (Lens cultinaris Med.) due to the deficiencies of micronutrients in poor sandy soils. The crop was raised by providing all macro and micronutrients and also by with holding individual micronutrients (Fe, Mn and Zn) in sandy soils and compared for determine the effect of individual micronutrient. Application of micronutrients successfully prevented occurrence of chlorosis and increased plant height, number of branches and pods/plant, seed yield/plant, 1000-seed weight, seed yield/fed and macro as well as micronutrients uptake as compared with control and NPK treatments. On the other hand, application of single micronutrients (T4, T5 and T6) caused losses of all characters. These losses could be attributed to the compared with (T3). Results indicated that the important of macro and micronutrients for cultivation lentil plants in sandy soil deficiencies of Fe, Mn and Zn.


Display device according to the present invention includes a display unit; Image obtaining unit for obtaining an image the user has taken the instrument panel of the fitness device and a Moving; Based on the acquired image by a control unit that controls to display a motion linkage information corresponding to the movement state information of the determined users on a display unit. Accordingly, it is possible to provide a display apparatus of the instrument panel through the recognition of the fitness device, the user is shown the movement of the movement linkage information according to the user's current movement state.


Our obstetricians and gynecologists manage pregnant women with conditions defined as high-risk pregnancies/deliveries by the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare of Japan. In some cases, these conditions become severe, resulting in premature delivery and subsequent admission of the neonates to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). However, it is unclear if high-risk pregnancies/deliveries also lead to a risk of NICU admission for term neonates. Here, we investigated whether high-risk pregnancies/deliveries that result in term deliveries increase the NICU admission rate for each factor that is considered high risk. We also focused on elderly primiparas at age 40 or greater as one high-risk factor and investigated whether it increases the NICU admission rate. Subjects were 2275 babies born after 37 weeks of gestation between January 2014 and December 2015. The NICU admission rate was significantly higher in the high-risk pregnancy (HR) group than in the low-risk pregnancy (LR) group (16.28% vs 3.79%, respectively; P < 0.0001). The NICU admission rate was significantly higher for the elderly primipara group than for the control group (41.86% vs 4.50%, respectively; P < 0.0001). Careful management is necessary for high-risk pregnancies as well as neonates at risk.


This paper investigates the absolute stability of stochastic control systems with Markovian switching. At first, we give the definition of stochastic absolute stability for the stochastic control system with Markovian switching. Then we study the stochastic absolute stability under different hypotheses, some sufficient conditions are provided. These conditions are algebraic criteria which are easy to check, and a concise approach named M -method is introduced to compute them. Our results show that the stochastic switched system can be stochastically absolutely stable even if the subsystems are unstable. At last, some examples are given to illustrate our results.