Short oligodeoxyribonucleotides have been assembled from appropriately protected nucleoside 3′-(benzotriazol-1-yl 2-chlorophenyl phosphate) derivatives on hundred-milligram scales on a soluble tetrakis-O-(4-azidomethylphenyl)pentaerythritol support bearing four 3′-O-(4-pentynoyl)thymidines. Small-molecule reagents and waste were removed by two precipitations of the support-bound growing oligonucleotides with methanol, the first after removal of the 5′-protecting group and the second after coupling. The building blocks were obtained by one-step phosphorylation of commercially available protected nucleosides with bis(benzotriazol-1-yl) 2-chlorophenyl phosphate. Removal of the phosphate protecting groups from the completed chain with (E)-2-nitrobenzaldoxime followed by conventional ammonolysis allowed precipitation of the oligonucleotide as the sodium salt with ethanol.


During the last 30 years, the world economy becomes more globalised and the international trade and FDI were growing faster than many economic activities. The fast growth in international trade is through trade in parts and components which introduced a new phenomenon known as 'international fragmentation of production' and changed the pattern and trends of trade in the world economy. Trade in parts and components has opened up new opportunities for developing countries to participate in world production, which may affect on increase FDI. This paper deals with the relation between trade in parts and components and FDI, both theoretically and empirically, and investigates the effect of trade in parts and components on FDI in Egypt. The empirical analysis finds that trade in parts and components has a significance positive effect on FDI in Egypt during the period 1995-2013. Accordingly, we cannot ignore traditional determinants and institutional determinants (non-traditional determinants).


Within the entire genome, only 10f transcribed RNA actually codes for protein. Few noncoding RNAs (those that do not encode protein) have been well studied.

Terminal differentiation-induced ncRNA (TINCR) is identified by Kretz and colleagues as a long, noncoding RNA (IncRNA) that is …


A suggestion is presented to the Australian Prime Minister that he should not abolish the 30/90 rule which regulates the parallel importation of books into Australia. The abolition of the rule would eliminate the economic security afforded to local publishers and possible overseas publication opportunities for Australian writers, and would also result in the free-market fundamentalism that he criticises.


This article presents the results of the synthesis of carbon nanomaterials: Nanoscale materials obtained by carbonization of waste agricultural products (apricot kernel, walnut, rice husk). The results of physico-chemical characteristics of the obtained nanomaterials.


Several catalysts for NO decomposition have been reported in the literature to include the following: Cu/ZSM-5; Cu/Zeolite-Y; Cu/mordenite; Cu/{beta} zeolite; Cu/alumina; and Cu/silica which have been studied less than Cu/ZSM-5. The catalytic properties for NO conversion are found to be different on these samples with the ZSM-5 supported catalysts showing the highest activity in a dry environment free from sulfur oxides. One of the goals of this study is to have a better fundamental understanding on the different roles of Cu and the support in the catalytic reaction. The authors use stable, cationic metal complexes in non-aqueous solvents as sources of the Cu ions in producing model catalysts for which the fate of the source molecule is known and is controlled during the ion exchange/impregnation. Molecular models of these systems can be used to identify the possible configurations of the metal complexes within the zeolite support. The authors compare the performance of the model catalysts to one prepared by aqueous impregnation of ZSM-5 zeolite. The performance of the dinuclear metal complex on silica is compared to the same complex in ZSM-5 and Y-zeolites.


Synthesis 2002, No. 12, Print: 06 09 2002. Art Id.1437-210X,E;2002,0,12,1740,1746,ftx,en;T03702SS.pdf. © Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart · New York ISSN 0039-7881 Abstract: A versatile and efficient method for the preparation of 2alkyl and 2-aryl-6-alkyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyridin-4-ones is described. The sequence involved the condensation of -amino acids and t-butyl ketoester to give enaminoesters whose intramolecular cyclisation followed by an hydrolysis step afforded the expected products.


The IEEE standard 1900.4 "Architectural Building Blocks Enabling Network-Device Distributed Decision Making for Optimized Radio Resource Usage in Heterogeneous Wireless Access Networks" was published in February 2009. It considers three use cases: distributed radio resource usage optimization, dynamic spectrum assignment, and dynamic spectrum sharing. In the dynamic spectrum sharing use case, several radio systems share the same frequency band. One example of this use case is when several radio systems operate in unlicensed spectrum. Another example is when a secondary radio system operates in white space of a TV broadcast operator frequency band. The last example starts to attract a lot of attention recently including a lot of standardization activities. The IEEE draft standard P1900.4a for "Architecture and interfaces for dynamic spectrum access networks in white space frequency bands" is one of such activities. P1900.4a uses IEEE standard 1900.4 as a baseline. It defines additional entities and interfaces to enable efficient operation of white space wireless systems. This paper gives detailed description of P1900.4a system.1 Also, it shows experimental results that our prototype system conforming to the draft standard can detect the white space and reconfigure itself to operate on it.


Background: The interactions between estrogen receptor β (ERβ1) and different coregulators are responsible for the distinct functions of ERβ1. Results: Tip60 enhances ERβ1 transactivation at the AP-1 site but inhibits it at ERE sites. Conclusion: Tip60 is either a coactivator or a corepressor for ERβ1 in a regulatory element-dependent manner. Significance: Tip60 is the first multifaceted coregulator of the transcriptional activity of ERβ1 that has been identified. Estrogen receptor (ER) β1 and ERα have overlapping and distinct functions despite their common use of estradiol as the physiological ligand. These attributes are explained in part by their differential utilization of coregulators and ligands. Although Tip60 has been shown to interact with both receptors, its regulatory role in ERβ1 transactivation has not been defined. In this study, we found that Tip60 enhances transactivation of ERβ1 at the AP-1 site but suppresses its transcriptional activity at the estrogen-response element (ERE) site in an estradiol-independent manner. However, different estrogenic compounds can modify the Tip60 action. The corepressor activity of Tip60 at the ERE site is abolished by diarylpropionitrile, genistein, equol, and bisphenol A, whereas its coactivation at the AP-1 site is augmented by fulvestrant (ICI 182,780). GRIP1 is an important tethering mediator for ERs at the AP-1 site. We found that coexpression of GRIP1 synergizes the action of Tip60. Although Tip60 is a known acetyltransferase, it is unable to acetylate ERβ1, and its coregulatory functions are independent of its acetylation activity. In addition, we showed the co-occupancy of ERβ1 and Tip60 at ERE and AP-1 sites of ERβ1 target genes. Tip60 differentially regulates the endogenous expression of the target genes by modulating the binding of ERβ1 to the cis-regulatory regions. Thus, we have identified Tip60 as the first dual-function coregulator of ERβ1.


Looking at the high stakes poker game that the global resources industry increasingly resembles, I would be very tempted to back the following hand...Gold Fields Ltd making another acquisition in Australia.


Abstract A female of Schuhacantha bifurcata gen. n. et sp. n. (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Colobathristidae: Colobathristinae) is described from continental Malaysia (Pahang). The autapomorphies of the genus are a robust bifurcate process situated at the middle lobe of the pronotum and an extremely short labium; a potential synapomorphy with Centromus Bergroth, 1910 is a strongly protruding, bill-shaped ovipositor. The first key to Eastern Hemisphere genera of the Colobathristidae which are distinct from the Neotropical fauna is provided. Morphology as well as diagnostic and functional significance of some structures (antennal sclerite, pronotal process, evaporatorial system, abdominal laterotergites, forewing venation, femoral spine, female terminalia) are discussed.


This paper systematically examines the effects of fiscal structure on economic growth. The authors find that, for developing countries, debt-financed increases in government expenditure retard growth and tax-financed increases stimulate growth, while for developed countries, debt-financed increases in government expenditure do not affect growth and tax-financed increases lower growth. The authors impose the government budget constraint on the regression equations so that the precise changes in fiscal policy can be identified (e.g., the effect of a debt-financed increase in health expenditure), employing a pooled cross-section, time-series sample and fixed- and random-effect methods. Copyright 1997 by Oxford University Press.


Objective To investigate the benefit and risk of aspirin in chronic kidney disease(CKD) patients. Methods 214 CKD patients were selected,whose serum creatinine(Scr) levels were 265~442μmol/L without cardiovascular disease.12 patients quitted because of gastrointestinal bleeding.The remaining 202 CKD patients were randomly divided into two groups.Observation group(n = 101) were given basic treatment and aspirin(75 mg/d),and control group(n = 101) were given basic treatment and placebo(3 tablets/d).All patients were followed for two years.Doubling of the baseline Scr level or end-stage renal disease with need of dialysis was regarded as the major end point of the trial,and major cardiovascular events was regarded as the minor end point of the trial.Results(1) By the end of two years,the percentages of cases which reaching the major end point in observation group and control group were 22.8%and 24.8%(P 0.05).(2) The incidence of major cardiovascular events in observation group was significantly lower as compared to control group(5.9%vs. 20.8%,P 0.01).(3) The incidence of adverse effects was higher in observation group than that in control group but no statistical significance was found(8.0%vs.3.0%,P 0.05).Conclusion Aspirin is safe for CKD patients,and may reduce major cardiovascular events.


To date, one of the priorities of customs control can be considered customs control after the release of goods, one of its advantages is the reduction of customs clearance of goods, forming favorable conditions for foreign trade, as well as control of compliance with the customs legislation of the Eurasian economic Union and the customs legislation of the Russian Federation by participants of foreign economic activity. One of the objectives of improving the effectiveness of customs control after the release of goods is – the implementation of interdepartmental interaction of customs authorities with other regulatory authorities. The regulated mechanism of interaction with the Federal tax service, the Federal service for supervision of consumer rights protection and human well-being and other agencies is the key to improving the level of economic security of Russia and ensuring full, timely receipt of income to the Federal budget.


This research investigates the association between the succession and restoration of degraded land in the southeast of Iran with artificial Calligonum forests regarding vegetation changes, soil properties, carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) pools in vegetation and soil. Eight forestry sites were selected, aged 1, 4, 6, 9, 11, 16, 25, and 30 years. Observations indicated that vegetation percentage, density, frequency, richness, and diversity of species substantially increased (p < 0.01). The highest percentage of vegetation (80.30%), density (62.70 n ha−1), richness (14.15), and diversity (0.90) was observed in the 30-year site. At the end of the succession phase under study (the 25- and 30-year sites), the variation trend of vegetation was steady. As the age of the forests increased, the soil nutrient values increased significantly during succession (p < 0.01), even though acidity and electrical conductivity (EC) did not change significantly over time (p > 0.01). In the early stages of succession, the soil's C and N pools (aerial biomass, root, and litter) did not increase significantly (p > 0.01). Over time, however, C and N pools of the soil and plants increased (the highest amounts were seen in the 30-year site). The results indicated a significant difference in the soil and vegetation properties in the forestry sites. In general, planting native species and the succession of vegetation can play an effective role in preserving the environment in degraded lands and increasing the C and N pools.


A rhodamine B derivative containing 1,2,4-triazole as subunit was characterized as an "off-on" type Cu$^{2+}$-selective fluorescent probe. It exhibited high selectivity and sensitivity for Cu$^{2+}$ in ethanol-water solution (9:1, v:v, pH 7.0, 20 mM HEPES) and underwent ring opening. A prominent fluorescence enhancement at 570 nm was observed in the presence of Cu$^{2+}$ with the change in the absorption spectrum, and a 1:1 metal-ligand complex was formed. With the optimized experimental conditions, the probe exhibited a dynamic response range for Cu$^{2+}$ from 8.0 $\times $ 10$^{-7}$ to 7.5 $\times $ 10$^{-6}$ M with a detection limit of 2.3 $\times $ 10$^{-7}$ M in ethanol-water solution (9:1, v:v, pH 7.0, 20 mM HEPES). Its application in Cu$^{2+}$ imaging in living cells was also studied.


Abstract : QinetiQ (previously DERA) is currently undertaking on behalf of the UK MOD an integrated programme of applied research to develop improved prediction methods for acoustic fatigue assessment on next generation combat aircraft. This paper describes ongoing work to develop practical methods of predicting the near-field noise of the high-speed exhausts of military jet engines, for use at an engineering level. The study encompasses both jet mixing noise and broadband shock noise for single and twin jets and is focused on predicting the intensity, spectra and spatial coherence of jet noise at the airframe, using a semi-empirical basis that marries aeroacoustic theory with source location data. The background to the development of the method through small scale heated model noise tests in the QinetiQ Noise Test Facility is described, followed by validation through near-field noise tests conducted in the QinetiQ GLEN sea-level engine test facility on a Rolls-Royce Spey turbojet engine.


We extend the method presented by  Xu and Zheng (Int. J. Theor. Appl. Finance 17 (2014) 21--36) for the general case. We develop a numerical-analytic formula for pricing nonlinear basket options with jump-diffusion model. We derive an easily computed method by using the asymptotic expansion to find the approximate value of the lower bound of nonlinear European basket call prices since a nonlinear basket option is generally not closed-form. We use  Split Step Backward Euler and Compensated Split Step Backward Euler methods with Monte Carlo simulation to check the validity of the presented method.


The results of numerical modeling of coal-water fuel combustion in a vortex chamber. Shows the consistency of the data with the experimental.


I Introduction THE FOLLOWING DISCUSSION provides a theoretical and empirical exploration into what motivates volunteer (i.e., unpaid) firefighters to devote considerable time, effort and skill to their communities' welfare, often at significant personal risk. In spite of its substantial social contribution, little research has been done on volunteer firefighting.(1) There is, however, a broader literature on both volunteering and work motivation in general. While this study of volunteer firefighter motivation benefits from this larger literature, insights developed here may also be relevant to the motivation of productive activity, be it volunteer or remunerated. The data analyzed in this study were obtained by administering a 114-question multiple-choice survey instrument to 354 members of 15 volunteer fire departments in rural Ulster County, New York State. The surveys were completed by individual firefighters at monthly meetings, and were completed by over 99% of the firefighters in attendance. Owing to absenteeism from these meetings, the overall response rate for active firefighters is estimated to be about 65%. These surveys were supplemented by in-depth interviews with several firefighters, as well as by extensive first-hand observation of the full range of activities of two of the sampled fire departments over a three year period. The second section describes the work done by volunteer firefighters. The third section presents a theoretical model of volunteer motivation, which is then empirically explored in the penultimate section. The concluding section summarizes the results and suggests possibilities for their generalization and for further study. II The Work of Volunteer Firefighters VOLUNTEER FIRE DEPARTMENTS are ubiquitous institutions throughout the non-urban American landscape. They provide essential public goods and are a locus for community organization and identity. The uniqueness of firefighting among volunteer activities arises in large part from its monopoly over its mission and from its vital, indispensable character. Within the United States, there are 1 to 1.5 million volunteer firefighters in 25,000 to 28,000 volunteer fire departments. These account for 80% of the national firefighting corps and 77% of the fire departments.(2) In New York State, of its 134,000 firefighters, 84% are estimated to be volunteers (Storozynski 1990, 28), and 90% of its fire departments are volunteer (New York State Senate 1988, 3). Although their original mission was fire suppression, volunteer firefighters currently respond to all natures of emergencies. One department's response distribution profile, shown in Table 1, is typical of the sampled departments. Emergency medical care, delivered both in medical emergencies and vehicle accidents, represents a majority of responses, while actual fires constitute less than 10%. This representative department turned out an average of 21 firefighters per emergency, although well over 100 can be quickly mustered by multiple alarms and mutual aid from neighboring departments when warranted. The average duration for an emergency response was 45 minutes, though on rare occasions the duration can be measured in days. Sampled fire companies responded to between 17 and 886 emergencies in 1990, and count from 35 to 86 active members each. The frequency of participation in emergency responses by sampled firefighters during 1990 is summarized in Table 2. The median number of responses was 50-99, with several firefighters turning out to more than 300 calls for help. In addition to this quantitative dimension, emergency responses usually involve exposure to substantial danger. While obvious in cases of conflagrations, responding firefighters are increasingly risking exposure to a broad spectrum of virulent diseases, including HIV/AIDS and hepatitis, and to a rapidly expanding menu of hazardous materials. Table I 1990 ALARMS BY TYPE TYPICAL FIRE DISTRICT NUMBER PERCENT TYPE OF ALARM OF OF ALARMS ALARMS Fires 41 9% False and Automatic Alarms 105 23% Medical Emergencies 189 40% Vehicle Accidents 80 17% Storm Damage 19 4% Mutual Aid 22 5% Hazardous Materials 9 2% Miscellaneous(*) 3 1% TOTAL ALARMS 468 100% * Miscellaneous alarms included a child locked in an automobile, a child with a finger stuck in a rifle, and a gravel spill. …


A thesis submitted in fulfillment of the requirement for The award of the degree of Master of Science (Food,Nutrition and Dietetics) in the School of Applied Human Sciences, Kenyatta University


Purpose of literature review Diabetic retinopathy is a very important public health problem and an important cause of visual impairment and blindness worldwide. In addition, visual impairment and b ...


This thesis consists in determining which genetic algorithm performs better to solve the Next Release Problem. It contains a reformulation of the problem, its implementation with the jMetal library and the final experimenting.


Flat tori are among the only types of Riemannian manifolds for which the Laplace eigenvalues can be explicitly computed. In 1964, Milnor used a construction of Witt to find an example of isospectral nonisometric Riemannian manifolds, a striking and concise result that occupied one page in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Science of the USA. Milnor's example is a pair of 16-dimensional flat tori, whose set of Laplace eigenvalues are identical, in spite of the fact that these tori are not isometric. A natural question is, What is the lowest dimension in which such isospectral nonisometric pairs exist? This isospectral question for flat tori can be equivalently formulated in analytic, geometric, and number theoretic language. We explore this question from all three perspectives and describe its resolution by Schiemann in the 1990s. Moreover, we share a number of open problems.


This is the third in a series of articles on the basics of pharmacology, drug action and pharmacokinetics, in which interactive explanations are used to illustrate the first two of the four basic pharmacokinetic processes, namely absorption and distribution (i.e. the 'A' and 'D' of the "ADME" processes). This series uses excerpts and diagrams with permission from the 2nd edition of Pharmacology in Clinical Practice: Application Made Easy for Nurses and Allied Health Professionals , and is compiled and expanded upon by the author.


comers to a locality in which the disease prevails. Cholera is generated indiscriminately among persons of both sexes and all ages. It is characterized by nausea, faintness, and a feeling of oppression in the prsecordial region, griping pains in the abdomen, frequent purging, (the stools being alkaline when passed, and in appearance resembling rice-water,) constant vomiting, partial or complete suppression of urine, and profuse perspiration. The skin is inelastic, and that of the hands and feet shrivelled and dusky ; the eyes are sunk, and the features pinched ; cramps are felt in the limbs; there is difficulty of breathing, intense thirst, excessive restlessness, rapid and small pulse, and suppressed voice. The external temperature of the body is slightly below 90?, and a peculiar sweetish sickly odour (fishy) is exhaled from the body, breath, and dejections. If left to nature, about one-half of those attacked with cholera recover of themselves, reaction supervening, and often being accompanied with fever, and not unfrequently with suppression of urine and various other complications : or the disease may terminate, within a few


SUMMARY

The coherent-state transform (CST) is essentially a Gaussian-windowed Fourier transform and it yields a combined slowness–position (p, x) domain representation of seismic wavefields. Several forms of the inverse CST exist and the set of 'coherent states' form an overcomplete basis for wave analysis, in many ways similar to modern wavelets.

The asymptotic or 'ray' solution to the CST of the seismic wave equation involves a phase function S(p, x) that is complex due to the Gaussian decay. Hence one must consider complex rays, as well as a higher-dimensional phase space (p, x, ∂pS, ∂xS) corresponding to the extended configuration or base space (p, x). The initial conditions and geometrical spreading of these rays involve generalizations of standard procedures, exemplified by analysis of the coherent states excited by a ray theory incident wavefield. Surfaces of constant S are 'tangential' to the standard ray theory wavefront T(x) and the Maslov phase fronts given by the Legendre transformation of T. Hence the real rays of T (and the Maslov phase) are particular rays of S.

The geometrical spreading of an individual coherent-state (CS) wavefield requires careful consideration. Although the transport equation involves divergence in the higher-dimensional base space (p, x), Smirnov's Lemma applied in this space still gives the solution. The incorporation of initial conditions is correspondingly intricate, but the final spreading function is better behaved ('smoother') than either a standard ray or Maslov theory amplitude. This provides a solution to the problem of pseudo-caustics. The task of finding a 'KMAH index' for each ray contributing to the inverse CST is simplified to choosing a complex square root that is smoothly connected between these rays (i.e. it does not fork).

It is suggested that in practice only real rays are needed and then the method can be reduced to a smoothed form of the Maslov Snell wave sum representation. This is achieved by approximating the complex CS phase S(p, x) in the vicinity of the real rays. The result also then appears similar in form to a sum of Gaussian beams, although without reference to local ray-centred coordinates.

Although the derivation involves some lengthy steps, the formulae finally obtained are easy to implement. Their effectiveness is demonstrated by a numerical example of interfering caustics and pseudo-caustics caused by two nearly plane wavefront segments joined at a triplication.


At the present time,some of universities just simply combine theoretical mechanics and material mechanics in the teaching of engineering mechanics which leads to repetition and lack of practical elements.In this sense,we must reorganize the teaching system by cutting the crap,build a new teaching system for engineering mechanics in keeping with the new time and highlight the practical and applicable features in cultivating mechanical professionals.


Objective: To evaluate efficacy and safety of everolimus (EVE) 3–7 (low exposure [LE]) or 9–15 ng/mL (high exposure [HE]) targeted trough concentration (C min ) ranges vs placebo as adjunctive therapy in patients with treatment-resistant seizures associated with tuberous sclerosiscomplex (TSC), according to age categories ( Background: Epileptic seizures are the most common neurological symptoms affecting up to 80–85% of patients with TSC. EVE is shown to improve seizures in TSC. We report the treatment outcomes of epilepsy in pediatric subset of EXIST-3. Design/Methods: Patients aged 2–65 years with TSC and ≥16 treatment-resistant seizures on a stable regimen of 1–3 antiepileptic drugs were randomized to receive EVE LE or HE or placebo. The primary endpoint, which was met and previously reported, was change from baseline in seizure frequency during the maintenance period, expressed as response rate (RR, ≥50% reduction), and median percentage reduction (PR) in seizure frequency. Results: Among 366 patients,117 were randomized to EVE LE, 130 to HE, and 119 to placebo. Majority of the patients were pediatric (81.7%; Conclusions: Adjunctive EVE therapy improved seizure frequency across all age categories, markedly improved with HE in patients Study Supported by: Novartis Pharmaceuticals Disclosure: Dr. Roberts has received personal compensation for activities with Livanova as a speaker. Dr. Kuperman has nothing to disclose. Dr. Koenig has nothing to disclose. Dr. Wu has received personal compensation for activities with Tuberous Sclerosis Alliance, Novartis, Lundbeck Research USA, Inc., the Department of Defense, and the National Institutes of Health. Dr. Wu has received research support with Novartis. Dr. Kohrman has received personal compensation for activities with Novartis. Dr. Kohrman has received research support from Novartis and Upsher-Smith. Dr. Curatolo has received personal compensation for activities with Shire and Novartis as an Advisory Board member. Dr. Nabbout has received personal compensation for activities with Novartis, GW Pharma, Zogenix, Shire, and Eisai. Dr. Berkowitz has received personal compensation for activities with Novartis Pharmaceuticals as an employee. Dr. Herbst has received personal compensation for activities with Novartis as an employee. Dr. Herbst holds stock and/or stock options in Novartis. Dr. Ridolfi has received personal compensation for activities with Novartis as an employee. Dr. Franz has received personal compensation for activities with Novartis for travel support or honoraria or as a consultant.


Firefighters often operate in remote areas where there is little to no cellular coverage. In that context, a Mobile Ad-Hoc Network (MANET) among a firefighter team would provide a communication infrastructure, e.g., for monitoring, early warnings and basic communication. In this paper, we analyse trajectories simultaneously collected from a firefighter team during a controlled fire exercise, showing that the distance among any two firefighters only rarely exceeds 300~m. We assess connectivity using 802.11g links, which we argue to be a viable commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) technology. Results show a probability of being connected to another firefighter larger than 80%, although a few disconnection periods of more than 5 minutes may occur. Finally, we show that the Raspberry Pi (RPi) could be an inexpensive, power-feasible platform to deploy such a network for testing upper layer protocols and applications.


An important factor in education is ensuring reliable quality of education. There are a variety of ways based on criteria to ensure the quality of education. To ensure quality management, attendance is important which is highly reliable rating at the account education of Ministry of Employment and Labor and sevice training of Health Care. In contrast, the service training of health care professionals was consisting of formal attendance management, quality of education has been raised as a problem. Recently developed USN-based attendance management system is effective. But if education is proceed at a large number of small scale in the area of education, cost, portability, systeme management, the reliability of the Trainee's attendance remained as problems to solve. To address these needs, this paper quoted low-cost attendance management system which was desighned and implemented by barcode and PC camera. As a result the actual maintenance training system showed a 98% satisfaction in terms of administrator and 95% satisfaction in terms of Trainee.


The development of sending messages that are increasingly easy and sophisticated makes it easier for third parties to access or sabotage the contents of the message, so we need a science called cryptography to secure the message. This research is to secure the message on image encoding using Playfair Cipher and 3D Playfair Cipher. The process of encryption and decryption on Playfair Cipher uses two-letter pairs (bigram), while in 3D Playfair Cipher uses three-letter pairs (trigrams). The encryption process uses Playfair Cipher and 3D Playfair Cipher to produce a different image cipher with plain image visually. In the decryption process, the cipher image returns into the plain image using Playfair Cipher and 3D Playfair Cipher. Histogram analysis, NPCR, and UACI are used to see the difference between ordinary images and password images using Playfair Cipher and 3D Playfair Cipher. The average results of histogram analysis that shows safe based on research data are 14061,483 using 3D Playfair Cipher, the average NPCR results that show safe based on research data are 99.2% using Playfair Cipher, and the average UACI results showing safe based on research data is 29.1% using 3D Playfair Cipher. The results of the study indicate that the proposed method can be used to secure the message.


The exact solution of a clamped rectangular orthotropic plate with pressure loading is presented. Unlike isotropic materials which behave equally in all directions, composites are strongly orthotropic due to the presence of stiff fibers in a relatively soft matrix. Similarly, metals with a definitive grain direction also exhibit a pronounced orthotropic behavior. The presence of aircraft cabin pressure induces bending of orthotropic panels used for example on doors and pressure bulkheads. Therefor the analysis of orthotropic rectangular clamped plates under pressure loading is needed in the sizing of modern aircraft structures.
 Existing methods for calculating the bending deformation of a clamped rectangular plate are commonly based on the Rayleigh-Ritz method, or Finite Element Analysis, which are approximate methods. In contrast the solutions presented in this paper exactly satisfy the resulting governing differential equation. The solution procedure presented in this paper is an expansion of Timoshenko's[1][2] superposition method to orthotropic materials. This solutions method leads to more accurate results particularly for the stresses and strains. The solution procedure is presented in this paper, along with the resulting final equations. Additionally we present comparisons of a convergence study comparing to other commonly used approximate analysis methods.


The impact of Kids Save Lives program on Knowledge, skills and attitude of students. Preliminary results from 2 years of implementation

 Sudden cardiac death is one of the main issues worldwide, with more than 700.000 deaths annually. It is strongly believed that the implementation of "Kids Save Lives" project in schools can change this situation. The World Health Organization endorsed the "Kids Save Lives" project in 2015 in order to reduce mortality, while in countries, where children were taught cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) in schools, have higher rates of bystander CPR and higher survival rates. In a lot of countries this project is a suggestion from Ministry of Education to schools.

 To evaluate the level of theoretical knowledge, willingness to perform Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and active skills of Greek secondary school students on the subject of Basic life Support before and after a "Kids Save Lives" program.
 Material – Method: Data collection took place on the academic periods of 2017–2018 and 2018–2019 and was performed in secondary schools. A total of 3421 students (51,9% female, mean age 14.2 years) participated on the "Kids save Lives" program according to the European Resuscitation Council (ERC) and World Health Organization (WHO) statement. A 12-question questionnaire was answered by the students before and after the "kid saves lives" program, while practical skills were evaluated on manikins by experienced ERC Basic Life Support (BLS) Instructors.

 The training improves significantly the theoretical knowledge regarding Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), with the percentage of correct answers being 49.5% and 82,41%,before and after the course respectively (p<0.001). The participants willingness to perform bystander CPR significantly increased after the completion of the course (93,1% before to 97,3% after, p<0.001). Almost all of the participants (98.9%) could recognize the correct position near the victim and 91% performed chin lift maneuver and recognized cardiac arrest. More than 90% of the students performed chest compressions with the correct rate and placing their hands on the center of the chest (90,1% and 93.4%, respectively), whereas only 76.4% of the participants achieved the desired compression depth of 5 to 6 cm.

 The overall results strongly depict the benefits of "Kids Save Lives" program by improving the theoretical knowledge, the practical skills and the attitude of students towards CPR and indicate the necessity of implementation in a greater scale nationwide.

 Type of funding source: None


Using data on Ecuadorian firms for the period 2009-2011 and by employing inverse probability weighting, this paper compares the impact of two developing countries' policy instruments that may induce firms to invest in R&D activities. The first is public procurement which has recently been viewed as an important tool when encouraging innovation. The second is innovation support programs which are intended to increase firms' technological capabilities. Results indicate that public procurement does not induce firms to invest in R&D activities, even for the largest contracts. However, participating in innovation support programs does so. Furthermore, the combination of both policy instruments does not produce a significant effect on firms' decisions to invest in R&D.


UNLABELLED
OBJECTIVES. Social support is generally conceptualized as health promoting; however, there is little consensus regarding the mechanisms through which support is protective. Illness support has been proposed to promote regimen adherence and subsequent prevention of health decline. We hypothesize that (a) support for regimen adherence is negatively associated with self-reported health decline among older diabetic adults and that (b) regimen adherence is negatively associated with health decline among older diabetic adults.

METHODS
We used the Health and Retirement Study data on individuals over the age of 60 years with type 2 diabetes mellitus (n = 1,788), examining change in self-reported health status over a 2-year period using binomial and cumulative ordinal logistic regression models.

RESULTS
Diabetic support is not significantly associated with health decline, but it is strongly associated with adherence to health-promoting activities consisting of a diabetic regimen. Therefore, the extent to which one receives illness support for a given regimen component is highly positively associated with adhering to that component, although this adherence does not necessarily translate into protection against perceived decline in health.

CONCLUSIONS
Illness-related support appears to be a mechanism through which social support matters in the diabetic population. Although this relationship did not extend to prevention of health status decline among diabetics, the relationship between support and illness management is promising.


This short remark describes some of the key points of the Floquet-Lyapunov theory of linear periodic differential systems. The basic transformation is presented, and its properties from the point of view of the source and target matrices and stability are discussed. The proposed methodology can be used in analysis, control design and simulation of systems with time-periodic characteristics. A method for designing a stabilizing state feedback con-trol law is proposed. The methodology can be used in analysis and controller design for example in processes involving rotating machines and engines.


A molecular Mott insulator β′-EtMe3Sb[Pd(dmit)2]2 is a quantum spin liquid candidate. In 2010, it was reported that thermal conductivity of β′-EtMe3Sb[Pd(dmit)2]2 is characterized by its large value and gapless behavior (a finite temperature-linear term). In 2019, however, two other research groups reported opposite data (much smaller value and a vanishingly small temperature-linear term) and the discrepancy in the thermal conductivity measurement data emerges as a serious problem concerning the ground state of the quantum spin liquid. Recently, the cooling rate was proposed to be an origin of the discrepancy. We examined effects of the cooling rate on electrical resistivity, low-temperature crystal structure, and 13C-NMR measurements and could not find any significant cooling rate dependence.


Three separate experiments evaluating 'Grasslands Moata' (Lolium multillorum Lam.) during autumn and winter in Southland are discussed. In two, establishment, productivity and persistence of Moata was compared with 'Grasslands Nui' perennial iyegrass (Lolium perenne L.). 'Grasslands Manawa' short rotation ryegrass (L perenne x L. mulfiflorum) and 'Grasslands Paroa' (L. multitlorum Lam.) and 'Concord' Italian ryegrasses. The third experiment compared ram lamb performance on Moata and Nui. Moata and Concord established rapidly, both producing 30% greater autumn/winter growth I" the first year than Paroa and Manawa However in the second autumn/winter Moata outyielded the other cultivars by 14%. Moata also outyielded Nui perennial ryegrass during autumn/winter by an average of 10% over two years. Lambs grazing Moata during winter had higher liveweight gains than those on Nui (223 ct. 139 g/head/day), a result of higher teed intakes of Moata compared with Nui (2.01 ct. 1.65 kg/ head/day). The differences in teed intake were related to the in vitro digestibility of the two ryegrasses (79% for Moata ct. 69% for Nui) and the crude protein levels of the herbage (22.6% for Moata ct. 19.3% for Nui).


Abstract The complexity of the set of truths of arithmetic is determined for various theories of truth deriving from Kripke and from Gupta and Herzberger.


Obesity is the number one worldwide epidemic. There are three hundred million obese and one billion overweight people worldwide. With all the media attention people are becoming more aware by the health hazards associated with being overweight or obese heart disease, stroke, cancer, diabetes and hypertension are among the consequences of obesity. Commercial weight loss systems are expensive and unsupervised dieting can be a very difficult and frustrating experience. Given the dangers of associated with obesity surgery, non-surgical solutions have been growing in popularity.


The search for savings in the road project employs, as well as possible, locally available materials. In order to reach this objective, it is sometimes necessary to use aggregates that do not respect the specifications of the road building owners. The use of these aggregates is also justified by the exhaustion of some of the traditional resources and by the increasing requirement regarding protection of environment. In France, actions are currently carried out to support their development in road bases and subbases, especially in the areas where problems of provisioning arise with acuity. The communication aims to present, through concrete examples, the method for qualification and promotion of such aggregates, recently conceived by the French road engineering committee. This method is based on two principal topics: (1) the evaluation of the incurred risks by on site experimentation of innovating techniques; and (2) the exploitation of the results to fix conditions of use and operational limits.


by a rickettsia-like organism, Haemobartonella muris, which remains latent in normal rats, but multiplies rapidly in the erythrocytes after removal of the spleen. The mechanism by which the intact spleen prevents the development of the disease remains obscure, but the fact that it does so suggests that it may discharge into the blood stream a chemoprophylactic agent of endogenous origin. The chemotherapeutic spectrum in this infection is unusual. Certain organic arsenical compounds were shown by Mayer, Borchardt, and Kikuth in 1927 to be highly effective (Kikuth, 1932). This observation has been confirmed re-


Centromere‐associated protein E (CENP‐E) is an integral component of the kinetochore, and has been shown to be essential for chromosome congression during mitosis. However, the molecular mechanism by which CENP‐E is recruited to the kinetochore is poorly understood. In the present study, we report that CENP‐E interacts directly with CTCF, the insulator protein that is involved in large scale organization of chromatin and in insulation. We demonstrate that α‐satellite repeats containing both CENP‐B boxes and CTCF binding sites in HeLa cells that are arrested in G2/M or Mitosis are co‐occupied by CTCF and CENP‐E. CENP‐E localization appears to depend on CTCF, because deletion of CTCF by siRNA disrupts binding of CENP‐E to the centromeric regions. The CTCF binding sites in centromeric regions are unusual in that most of them carry only the 'M2′ sequence motif, a 9‐bp long DNA fragment that was originally thought to appear together with the core CTCF binding motif (also called 'M1′ motif). Furthermore, we provide evidence that the 'M2′ motif engages only the C‐terminal zinc fingers of CTCF, and binds CTCF quite strongly. Based on these findings, we suggest that CTCF helps recruit CENP‐E to the kinetochore and that the CTCF‐CENP‐E complex may represent a novel structural feature of centromeres.


Molecular dynamics simulation of self-assembly of surfactant span80 molecules to form reverse micelles in nonpolar liquid dodecane is carried out. Simulations are performed using a united atom model for dodecane and a hybrid model for span80 molecules. Various physical characteristics of reverse micelle are measured, and the same are compared with available experimental results. Presence of charge carriers in the form of solvated ions in the core of reverse micelles is confirmed by the simulation. Movement of reverse micelles under the effect of uniform external electric field is also discussed.


Vacuum Booster Performance Test includes many of the pilot project,and the test standards are not uniform.It not only limits the product of generic and serializational,but also detrimental to the product quality supervision and technical exchanges.Based on the analysis and research on national standards,and with a large number of test,finally,in the test bed to determine the loading end as the servo motor power;in the spring piston and the load used two hose load program;control part of the IPC and PCL Series with interface cards to achieve the control of the entire test bed;hydraulic system uses electro-hydraulic servo valve;pneumatic system and the proportional valve with supercharger,respectively to control the hydraulic and pneumatic.This paper designs a test bed assembly to resolve this problem,based on the analysis of the performance test method.


The dendritic cell (DC) is recognized as a vital mediator of anti-tumor immunity. More-recent studies have also demonstrated the important role of DCs in the generation of effective responses to checkpoint inhibitor immunotherapy. Metabolic programming of DCs dictates their functionality and can determine which DCs become immunostimulatory versus those that develop a tolerized phenotype capable of actively suppressing effector T cell responses to cancers. As a result, there is great interest in understanding what mechanisms have evolved in cancers to alter these metabolic pathways, thereby allowing for their continued progression and metastasis. The therapeutic strategies developed to reverse these processes of DC tolerization in the tumor microenvironment represent promising candidates for future testing in combination immunotherapy clinical trials.


Objective To observe the clinical effect of a prescription for invigorating spleen and eliminating turbid pathogen for descending adverse qi on diabetic gastroparesis with weakness of the spleen and stomach.Methods 300 cases of diabetic gastroparesis with weakness of the spleen and stomach were randomly divided into two groups.Patients in two groups received conventional diabetes treatment,while oral hypoglycemic drugs or insulin to control blood sugar.Treatment group(n=150) received a recipe for invigorating spleen and eliminating turbid pathogen for descending adverse qi.Control group(n=150) received Domperidone tablet.The clinical effect and changes of syndrome score of traditional Chinese medicine and gastric emptying rate were observed before and after treatment.Results The total effective rate in treatment group(89.14%) was higher than that in control group(67.15%,P0.05).Syndrome score of traditional Chinese medicine after treatment were decreased as compared with those before treatment in two groups(P0.05).The decrease of syndrome score of traditional Chinese medicine in treatment group was superior to that in control group(P0.05).Gastric emptying rate after treatment was increased as compared with that before treatment in two groups(P0.05).Conclusion A recipe for invigorating spleen and eliminating turbid pathogen for descending adverse qi can improve symptoms status of diabetic gastroparesis with weakness of the spleen and stomach,enhance gastric emptying rate and has no adverse effect.


For being a large producer of sugarcane for the production of ethanol, Brazil is part of the international market as exports of the product. To this end, the Government has been encouraging the production sector to seek quality certification. The present study aimed to explore practical and objective way an approach on quality management systems, the rules governing the specifications and the analytical methods used to ensure the quality of the alcohol industry's product. By bioethanol production be inherent to several variables that interfere in its quality, evaluates essential a rigorous control of their production and marketing, to ensure greater reliability to the consumer market whether it is national or international. Non-compliance with the requirements laid down by legislation may generate problems of combustion, as the generation of Lees, corrosion, reducing efficiency and useful life of the engine.


The invention relates to seafood chilli sauce and a manufacturing process thereof, and belongs to the field of food, in particular to a chilli sauce using seafood as a main raw material and a manufacturing process thereof. The manufacturing process comprises the following steps: using scallop, dried shrimps, shrimp skins, dried fish, dry red pepper, laver, garlic, onion, vegetable oil, salt, refined white sugar and gourmet powder as raw materials, selecting and crushing seafood, crushing the red pepper, frying the seafood, preparing red pepper powder oil, stewing, cooling and packaging, wherein the percentage of the raw materials accounting for the total weight is: 4 to 6 percent of the scallop, 4 to 6 percent of the dried shrimps, 4 to 6 percent of the shrimp skins, 4 to 10 percent of the dried fish, 5 to 10 percent of the dry red pepper, 1 to 3 percent of the laver, 3 to 6 percent of the garlic, 4 to 8 percent of the onion, 40 to 50 percent of the vegetable oil, 1 to 2 percent of the salt, 0.5 to 2 percent of the refined white sugar and 0.5 to 2 percent of the gourmet powder. The seafood chilli sauce integrates tastes in north and south of China, is remarkable in freshness, fragrance and hot taste, and has the characteristics of high protein, low cholesterol and low fat.


The main reasons for blistering of deposit during electroplating of Cu/Ni/Cr on ABS plastic and for falling-off of deposit in adhesion strength testing were analyzed, including unsatisfactory state of plastic substrate, unfavorable injection molding parameters, improper pretreatment for electroplating and insufficient surface activity of adjacent deposits. Some measures for improving the adhesion strength of electroplated coating to ABS plastic were presented, such as selecting high-quality electroplating-grade ABS plastics, controlling molding process parameters, and improving the roughening process in pretreatment as well as the activating process in electroplating. The importance of using correct method for testing adhesion strength was emphasized.


A new survey of 500 U.S. consumers by Sage Growth Partners and Black Book Market Research reveals how COVID-19 is significantly changing patients' healthcare concerns and preferences.


dialysis for 12 to 16 hours will avoid a rebound effect due to the slow movement of lithium between intracellular and extracellular compartments. The usual cause of death in cases of acute overdose is pneumonia or shock. With appropriate attention to cardiac, renal and pulmonary function, and to the maintenance of fluid and electrolyte balance, the recovery of patients with signs and symptoms of acute lithium toxicity will be optimal.


To find out safe,efficient and low toxical/ adversable immobilization agent and analeptic,several easily obtainable drugs were selected,and then 8 immobilization agents and 6 analeptica were prepared with optimization assay.Pharmacodynamical tests were carried out on small animals and on deer,so were acute toxic test and extending pharmacodynamical test.The results showed :the immobilization agents completely fulfilled analgesia,sedation and muscle relaxation.The best immobilization effect was 15/16,and the better was 1/16.The analeptica made all animals awake,stand up and walk in expected time.The best palinesthesia effect was 16/16.The two kinds on agents possess a property of low toxicity and of high safety index.200,000 units of the two agents used in the clinic gained expected effects of immobilization and palinesthesia.The immobilization agent and analeptic in this study are up to the requirements of immobilization and palinesthesia of deer in clinic,and we named them "Lumianning Injection"and "Suxingling Injecton",individually.


The OPERA neutrino detector in the underground Gran Sasso L ab ratory (LNGS) was designed to perform the first detection of neutrino oscil lations in appearance mode through the


Adopted diffused silicon pressure sensor,micro-power-consumption A/D,micro-power-consumption LCD,micro-power-consumption MCU and numeric adjustment technology etc,a new type indicating manometer on the spot has been designed successfully.The design uses A/D benchmark automation compensation and temperature compensation technology.It has many merits such as clearness,directness,vibration resistance,high precision and long life etc.


Experimental work on Raman beam cleanup and beam combining has long been confounded by the generation of parasitic Stokes side beams. It has been found experimentally that when the pump beams are moderately aberrated, Stokes beams which propagate along the pump beams are generated. This effect is referred to as side beam replication. By contrast, when the pump beams are strongly aberrated, 24 × diffraction limited, no replication is observed. We can attribute this phenomenon to scintillation of the pump intensity. When the diffraction scale length is large compared to the gain length then the Stokes noise propagating col- linearly with an aberrated pump beam will experience larger gain than the central, seeded Stokes beam in the regions where the pump beam intensity is higher than average. As the aberrations increase, the gain of the side beams increases at first, maximizing at χ ~ 4 (χ diffraction limited), and then decreases again due to the decrease in diffraction length. The output energy of the central Stokes decreases because diffraction causes the pump beams to spread, so that they become less efficient at amplifying the Stokes beams. Replication is strongest for moderate aberrations, χ ~ 4, in which the scintillation mechanism is predominant. In this case, we observe a spread of the output side beam intensities of over four orders of magnitude, due to the sensitive dependence of the amplification on the detailed pump beam scintillation pattern. For strong aberrations, the total side beam intensity and its variation decreases strongly. At aberration numbers χ > 20, intensity mixing due to diffraction effectively suppresses beam replication.


A new raised source/drain (RSD) structure is proposed, which combines facet controlled in-situ-doped selective Si epitaxial growth (SEG) and solid-phase diffusion (SPD). This can provide ultra-shallow junctions without sacrificing the parasitic resistance or capacitance. 0.1 /spl mu/m pMOSFETs with 20 nm deep junctions exhibiting excellent electrical characteristics and reliability were demonstrated. CMOS process compatibility was also confirmed.


The wave propagation in saturated site is significantly different from that in single-phased media.Based on Biot's solid-fluid two phased medium theory,the scattering of plane Rayleigh wave by a two-dimensional cayon in poroelastic half-space was solved by indirect boundary integration equation method.The scattered waves were constructed using the fictitious wave sources close to the canyon surface,and the boundary integral equation was obtained and numerically solved by continue boundary conditions.By parameter analysis of the typical example,the effect of incident frequency,penetration condition,the porosity and the canyon shape on scattering were discussed.Finally,some conclusions are obtained.


The nickel-rich cathode LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 (NCM811) possesses the advantages of high reversible specific capacity and low cost, thus regarded as a promising cathode material for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). However, the capacity of the NCM811 decays rapidly at high voltage due to the extremely unstable electrode/electrolyte interphase. The discharge capability at low temperature is also impaired because of the increasing interfacial impedance. Herein, a low-cost film-forming electrolyte additive with multi-function, phenylboronic acid (PBA), is employed to modify the interphasial properties of the NCM811 cathode. Theoretical calculation and experimental results show that PBA constructs a highly conductive and steady cathode electrolyte interphase (CEI) film via preferential oxidation decomposition, which greatly improves the interfacial properties of the NCM811 cathode at room (25 ℃) and low temperature (-10 ℃). Specifically, the capacity retention of NCM811/Li cell is increased from 68% to 87% after 200 cycles with PBA additive. Moreover, the NCM811/Li cell with PBA additive delivers higher discharge capacity under -10 ℃ at 0.5C (173.7 mAh/g vs. 111.1 mAh/g). Based on the improvement of NCM811 interphasial properties by additive PBA, the capacity retention of NCM811/graphite full-cell is enhanced from 49% to 65% after 200 cycles.


Multi-focus image fusion is a technique that integrates the focused areas in a pair or set of source images with the same scene into a fully focused image. Inspired by transfer learning, this paper proposes a novel color multi-focus image fusion method based on deep learning. First, color multi-focus source images are fed into VGG-19 network, and the parameters of convolutional layer of the VGG-19 network are then migrated to a neural network containing multilayer convolutional layers and multilayer skip-connection structures for feature extraction. Second, the initial decision maps are generated using the reconstructed feature maps of a deconvolution module. Third, the initial decision maps are refined and processed to obtain the second decision maps, and then the source images are fused to obtain the initial fused images based on the second decision maps. Finally, the final fused image is produced by comparing the Q ABF metrics of the initial fused images. The experimental results show that the proposed method can effectively improve the segmentation performance of the focused and unfocused areas in the source images, and the generated fused images are superior in both subjective and objective metrics compared with most contrast methods.


Sasobit and Sasobit LM are the same type warm mix agent but different generation,cooling effect and the road performance properties between them are contrasted.The results show that mixing temperature and rolling temperature are reduced 10℃ and 9℃ when the dosage of Sasobit is 3%,but they are reduced 31℃and 29℃ in the same dosage of Sasobit LM.The high-temperature behavior of asphalt mixture is improved by both Sasobit and Sasobit LM,but Sasobit LM is better than Sasobit.Cryogenic property is more influenced by Sasobit than Sasobit LM.Water stability of asphalt mixture is reduced by both Sasobit and Sasobit LM,Sasobit LM is better than Sasobit.


The objective of this paper is to investigate the problems related to the extensional integration of information sources. In particular, we propose an approach for managing inconsistent databases, i.e. databases violating integrity constraints. The presence of inconsistent data can be resolved by "repairing" the database, i.e. by providing a computational mechanism that ensures obtaining consistent "scenarios" of the information or by consistently answering to queries posed on an inconsistent set of data. In this paper we consider preferences among repairs and possible answers by introducing a partial order among them on the base of some preference criteria. More specifically, preferences are expressed by considering polynomial functions applied to repairs and returning real numbers. The goodness of a repair is measured by estimating how much it violates the desiderata conditions and a repair is preferred if it minimizes the value of the polynomial function used to express the preference criteria. The main contribution of this work consists in the proposal of a logic approach for querying and repairing inconsistent databases that extends previous works by allowing to express and manage preference criteria. The approach here proposed allows to express reliability on the information sources and is also suitable for expressing decision and optimization problems. The introduction of preference criteria strongly reduces the number of feasible repairs and answers; for special classes of constraints and functions it gives a unique repair and answer.


This paper presents an overview of two life span development theories and one model for successful life adjustment as a framework for the development of successful programming for individuals adjusting to living in a residential care facility for older adults. The theories of Selective Optimization with Compensation and Developmental Regulation, along with the model of Lifestyle Redesign are options for planning programming that focuses on individuals' need for personal control, functional independence and involvement in meaningful occupations (activities) to increase quality of life while residing in a residential care facility. A plan for sharing this information with staff members at this facility is included.


objective To retrospectively study the coronary MRA(CMRA)findings of diffuse or segmental coronary artery stenoses.Methods Twenty four patients with clinically suspected coronary stenosis received targeted 3D navigator-gated coronary MRA which was compared with DSA as the standard of reference.Results Of the 13 segments with diffuse or tubular stenosis 50% on MRA,8 showed decreased signal intensity with or without luminal coarseness and mild narrowness,5 showed mild luminal narrowness in 2 and luminal coarseness in 3.Of 24 segments with diffuse or tubular stenosis ≥50% on MRA,18 demonstrated the linear or discontinuous decreased signal intensity with remarkable luminal narrowness and coarseness.Three segments were invisible and one displayed remarkable stenoses only.Conclusions CMRA findings of the diffuse or tubular coronary stenoses with both 50% and ≥50% narrowing have common features such as decreased signal intensity,luminal coarseness and narrowness.CMRA may over-or under-estimate luminal narrowness compared with DSA.


Boards of directors are social entities and therefore social dynamics are key to understand board decision-making. The major theories in corporate governance nonetheless do not account for this social aspect. In this paper, we develop a theoretical model that can capture the social aspect of the interaction between directors on boards. We invoke role theory to stress how the behavior that each director exhibits in the boardroom is strongly dependent on the social roles that s/he has on the board. In turn, these enacted behaviors are not only shaped by the social norms and social dynamics (i.e., scripted behaviors) but also by the director's own interpretations of what behaviors are associated to such roles. This difference between scripted and enacted behaviors allows for the possibility that directors with the same characteristics and incentives could exhibit unlike behaviors in the boardroom. At the board level, we denote the level of divergence between the scripted and the enacted behaviors "board role...


Benz[h]imidazo[1,2-c]quinazolinium-l-olate (5) and benzo[h]pyrrolo[1′,2′:3,4]imidazo[1,2-c]quinazolinium-8-olate (9) having novel meso-ionic ring systems were synthesized by the reaction of N-(5,6-dihydrobenzo[h]-quinazolin-4-yl)amino acids with acetic anhydride.


A method to elaborate micro-structures of ionic crystals based on the deposition of drops on a surface with a capillary is presented. The typical dimension of these structures is in the micron range. The possible applications of such structures in optics are discussed.


Nanoclusters are manufactured by various techniques, including organic precursor-based synthetic chemistry, aqueous colloidal processing, low temperature thermalization of organorare-earth clusters, metallo-organic pyrolysis, and laser ablation of different materials. All of these synthesis techniques rely upon cluster growth mechanisms, which are controlled by the chemistry of participating species. Chemical techniques are used for producing semiconductor nanocrystals, for example, and are generally accompanied by the formation of unanticipated by products. Furthermore, the chemical sensitivity toward oxidation or reducibility of chemical constituents, plus the necessary care in the choice of anion or cation precursor components, greatly impact control of nanocrystal production. Chemical reaction rates, or limited availability of suitable chemical precursors, can limit the composition, type and size of nanoparticles and nanoparticle-based structures that can be obtained. When hot gas processing is considered as a route to nanocluster manufacturing, additional degrees of freedom become available to control nanoparticle formation Multi-scale Modeling of Si and C Nanocluster Nucleation During Non-equilibrium Gas Phase Processing


Negotiations are an essential part of all professional activity, and for town planners there are particular benefits that can be achieved by more effective performance in negotiating. However, teaching the skills to operate in a discretionary system is not common in the initial education of town planners. Over the past 25 years the authors have taught negotiation skills to undergraduate, post-graduate and practising planners in the United Kingdom (UK) and overseas. In this paper they set out their ideas and illustrate their approach grounded in theory and related to planning practice. The subject of negotiating skills is set within the context of implementation studies and the authors focus on the concept of integrated bargaining as the appropriate approach. The trends towards a greater emphasis on negotiations in the British planning systems are discussed. The development of the subject matter has been based on a research programme designed to investigate the negotiating activity of planners. Examples of the approach and exercises which require students to negotiate, but which illustrate some of the key concepts in understanding negotiation theory, are included. Finally, the authors conclude with a reflection on future research and educational developments.


Understanding quark and gluon confinement in Quantum Chromodynamics is one of the outstanding issues in physics. To this end, meson spectroscopy is a powerful tool to investigate how the QCD partons manifest themselves under the strong interaction at the energy scale of the nucleon mass (GeV). We propose a comprehensive study of the meson spectrum with precise determination of resonance masses and properties with a high statistics and high resolution experiment. The meson spectrum in the mass range 1.5-2.5 GeV will be studied looking for rare qq̄ states and unconventional mesons with exotic quantum numbers. We will extend the Hall-B CLAS12 capability, to run experiments with quasi-real photons. The technique, electroscattering at very low Q (10−2−10−1 GeV) provides a high photon flux and a high degree of linear polarization and represents a competitive and complementary way to study the meson spectrum and production mechanisms with respect to real photoproduction experiments. A Forward Tagger consisting of a calorimeter, scintillation hodoscope and tracking device will be added to the standard equipment to detect the scattered electrons in the angular range θe′ = 2.5 ◦ − 4.5 and energy range Ee′ = 0.5 − 4.5 GeV and fully determine the energy (ν = 6.5−10.5 GeV) and the polarization (Pγ = 70−10%) of the associated quasi-real photon. At the nominal luminosity of CLAS12 (∼ 10cms) with an 11 GeV electron beam, the resulting hadronic rate will be equivalent to that achievable with a real photon flux of 10 − 10 γ/s on the 5 cm LH2 target, foreseen for electroproduction runs in Hall-B. The CLAS12 detector will be used to identify and measure the decay products of produced mesons. Good efficiency for multi-particle final states, including neutrals, excellent particle identification with kaon/pion discrimination up to p ∼ 3 GeV, and precise determination of momenta and angles are the key features available to CLAS12 to identify exclusive channels, measure the resonance masses with good accuracy over a broad range and extend the search to the strangeness-rich meson spectrum. Quantum numbers of meson resonances will be defined via partial wave analysis (PWA) of their decay products. The experience with the CLAS 6 GeV data analysis and the detailed studies of PWA for benchmark channels of this proposal give us confidence that, with the addition of the Forward Tagger, CLAS12 will become a powerful tool for meson spectroscopy studies, in particular in the strangeness sector. The technique of electroproduction at very small angles will provide a precise knowledge of the photon polarization on event-by-event basis, giving a vital tool to disentangle contributions of different production mechanisms and reduce background from other isobars decaying in the same final state. A beam time of 80 days at full luminosity of ∼ 10cms will be sufficient to accumulate enough statistics to perform complete amplitude analysis for rare meson production, with cross sections at the level of 10 nb. In addition to the production run, 35 days of commissioning will be required to test and optimize the new experimental equipment and collect adequate statistics at low luminosity with a minimum bias trigger for systematic checks. The operation of the new device will be compatible with standard electron scattering experiments planned for Hall-B, allowing the proposed measurements to be run in parallel with the approved program. The unique combination of CLAS12 with an additional Forward Tagger facility will give access to an extensive physics program of hadron spectroscopy using quasi-real photoproduction. This will be highly complementary to the approved program of the GLUEX Collaboration in Hall-D. We believe the constructive interference of these different experiments will strengthen the role of Jefferson Lab in this field.


Virtual cutting of deformable objects has been a research topic for more than a decade and has been used in many areas, especially in surgery simulation.


. Hexagonal wurtzite structured CdS nanoparticles were synthesized by using chemical precipitation method. Various spectroscopic technics were used for the characterization of the prepared sample. X-ray diffraction pattern shows the high intense crystalline peaks and the average crystallite size is found to be 19 nm. FT-IR spectrum exhibited a metal sulfide band at 615 cm –1 and other functional groups. SEM micrographs reveal the non-uniformly distributed spherical shaped structures. EDS analysis confirms the stoichiometric composition and presence of target elements. Optical absorption spectrum exhibited a broad peak at 510 nm, which indicates the shifting of absorption rage of CdS nanoparticles into the visible region. PL spectrum exhibited the characteristic emission bands in visible region.


Corruptions in public procurement have occurred in various parts of the world, especially in developing countries. Implementation of SPSE (electronic procurement system) as the e-procurement system in Indonesia is based on the government's intentions towards clean and good governance by fighting corruption, collusion, and nepotism. Procurement in Indonesia is carried out through SPSE, which is developed by LKPP (Government Policy on Procurement of Goods/Services). Although this system has brought many positive effects, there are still found many practices of fraud occurring in the implementation of the system. In this paper, we try to identify these practices and then to systematically categorize and analyze them.


The influence of the sintering conditions and stoichiometry on the crystalline symmetry and electrical properties of the system (K0.44+xNa0.52Li0.04)(Nb0.86Ta0.10Sb0.04)O3+x/2, with x = -0.06, 0.00, and 0.04, has been evaluated. By lowering the concentration of K cations, a faster stabilization of the tetragonal phase is reached. Increasing the sintering time also leads to the stabilization of the tetragonal phase at room temperature, as evidenced by Raman spectroscopy, thus improving the piezoelectric properties of these materials. The Raman spectra versus temperature showed 2 anomalies at temperatures of ~70 and ~270 to 330degC, associated with polymorphism and the ferro-paraelectric phase transitions, respectively. Active Raman scattering modes are observed above Curie temperature, indicating that the symmetry is not cubic but pseudocubic. This pseudocubic phase is associated with relaxor diffuseness, attributed to composition fluctuations. In addition, the piezoelectric properties were correlated with the tetragonality of the system, showing a linear dependence between the piezoelectric properties and the tetragonality ratio. The ceramics with c/a = 1.011 ratio exhibit enhanced electrical properties, d33 ~255 pC/N and kp ~0.47.


Beadini N., Beadini S., Shabani A., Elezi N. & Iseni G. (2004). The water quality determination of the Vardar and Pena rivers and underground wells of the Tetovo area. Proceedings of the 2 nd


One hundred sixty two white Leghorn layers (24 wks, 1200±2g b.wt) were divided into 27 groups of 9 treatments with 3 replications of 6 birds in each, in a 3x3 factorial design of 3 replacement (0, SO and 100%) and 3 fishmeal (2, 4 and 6%) levels. The diets were isocaloric and isonitrogenous. The replacement levels had no effect on the per cent hen day egg production. However, feed conversion efficiency was significantly improved with increase in replacement levels. Dry matter and organic matter digestibility, retention of nitrogen and calcium were significantly (P<0.05) higher on 50 per cent level compared to 0 and 100 per cent replacement levels. The 6 per cent fishmeal level signiflcantly (P<0.05) improved per cent hen day egg production, feed efficiency (g feed/egg) and nitrogen retention compare to 2 per cent level. The cost of egg production (Rs. feed/egg) was significantly lower on 50 per cent replacement level but comparable to 100 per cent level. Similarly, at 6 per cent level of fishmeal the lowest feed cost is comparable to 4 per cent level. The egg quality, egg traits viz. weight shape index, specific gravity, yolk and albumin index and shell thickness remained unchanged on various treatments. Thus, the groundnut cake can be replaced by soybean meal up to 50 per cent level in the layer diet containing 6 per cent fishmeal level for economic production and better utilization of nutrients.


Recently titanium and nickel alloys have become eminent for making aeronautic and astronautic parts. Since both titanium and nickel alloys have very low thermal conductivity, the tool will be suffered from a huge damage by the generated heat during machining process. It is required for a durable tool with excellent cooling capacity. Therefore, in this research, cutting technology in strong alkaline water for machining of titanium and nickel alloys was developed and evaluated. Before cutting experiment, the corrosion resistance for titanium alloy and other materials were investigated. Then this cutting process was performed for evaluation in the vessel with strong alkaline water. The assayed materials were mainly Ti6Al4V. The cutting conditions were investigated in experiments. It is concluded from the results that; (1) The cooling capacity using strong alkaline water is very effective to maintain the cutting potential of tool, (2) The new tool is effective for high speed cutting of titanium alloys and nickel (3) The new tool and compulsory cooling system are economical and eco-friendly.


Victor Turner has been one of the most influential anthropologists of religion in the 20th century. Especially his writings on ritual have influenced a wide variety of disciplines. Turner started his career with a study of the Ndembu in Central Africa, but later, his interests shifted to world religions and mass society. He argued that the dialectical relationship of ritual to social structure is the same in all societies and may therefore serve as a generalconcept of analysis and interpretation. Turner's idea to conceive ritual not as a conservative force but as a change agent in society soon became so popular that it stimulated a vivid discussion in and outside the scholarly world. This article tries to outline the reasons for the influence of Victor Turner's basic concepts twenty years after his death.


The catalyst- and metal free oxidation of α-hydroxysilanes and structurally related secondary alcohols is based on a hydroperoxidated carbonyl compound generated in situ from air and Michael adduct CHD.


Fruit of tomato (Lycopcrsicum esculentum Mill.) cv. Floradel and of an isogenic mutant rin harveted at mature-green stage were ripened at 21℃ and were measured their activity and zymograme of peroxidase at designated color stages. Ripening of Floradel tomatoes were appeared to follow a pre-determined patterns; peroxidase activity increased about three times when fruit color chranged from mature-green to breaker stage; zymograme of peroxidase changed dramatically during fruit ripening. Rin mutant did not induce peroxidase activity, respiration, and ethylene evolution; fruit color changed to yellow after 99 days; zymograme of peroxidase were not changed; isozyme b and i were not appeared in rin mutant when compared with Floradel cultivar. Failure in ripening of rin mutant is postulated that lack of some isozymes of peroxidase resulting unability to receive activator (s), then to activate peroxidase for ethylene synthesis.


Abstract. Soil CO2 emissions are one of the largest contributions to the global carbon cycle, and a full understanding of processes generating them and how climate change may modify them is needed and still uncertain. Thus, a dense spatial and temporal network of CO2 flux measurements from soil could help reduce uncertainty in the global carbon budgets. In the present study, low cost Air Enquirer kits, including CO2 and environmental parameters sensors, have been designed, built and applied for the first time to design, develop and test a new Steady-State-Through-Flow (SS-TF) chamber for simultaneous measurements of CO2 fluxes in soil and CO2 concentrations in air. Sensor's responses were previously corrected for temperature, relative humidity, illumination and pressure conditions in order to reduce the uncertainty of measured CO2 values and of the following calculated CO2 fluxes. CO2 soil fluxes measured by the proposed SS-TF and by a standard closed Non-Steady-State-Non-Through-Flow (NSS-NTF) chamber were shortly compared. The use of a multi-parametric fitting reduced the total uncertainty of CO2 concentration measurements by 62 % compared with one where only a simple CO2 calibration was applied, and by a 90 % when compared to uncertainty declared by the manufacturer. The new SS-TF system allows continuous measurement of CO2 fluxes and CO2 ambient air with low cost (~1.2 k€), low energy demand (< 5 W) and low maintenance (twice per year due to sensor calibration requirements).


A High Court judge has said that not attending a regulatory tribunal is courting removal from the medical register. Anna Sayburn examines the claim


The Baturagung Range of the Southern Mountains of East Java is a southeasternward-dipping cuesta and composed of the 1600 m thick of volcaniclastic sediment of Kebobutak and Semilir formations. Its morphogenetics is still in open discussion. Some geologist had opinion that the range had been formed as block faulting due to extensional tectonics, whilst some argued that it was a remnant of eroded anticline flank.
In the downstream of Tegalrejo River, on the break of slope of the Baturagung escarpment, a NE-SW trending thrust fault was recognized. It acted as a boundary of two groups of different dip angles of the Kebobutak Formation beds.
To the north on the Bayat lowland, outcrop beds dip less than 200 , whilst to the south on the scarpment were more than 300 . Bedding planes were thus acting as the slip planes with some well-developed imbricated fault patterns. About 500 m to the south another thrust fault with a well-defined fault-propagation fold was also recognized.
Those geomorphologic and geologic evidences indicate that the Tegalrejo thrust fault had an important role on the formation of the Baturagung Range and thus suggests that the range was formed under a compressive tectonic regime. It might imply that the Baturagung Range neither formed as block faulting nor normal folding but rather a fold-thrust belt system.


El'gygytgyn is a 18 km diameter, 3.6 Ma old impact crater in NE Siberia. International Continental Scientific Drilling Program—El'gygytgyn hole 1C was drilled on the frozen crater lake, 2.3 km from the crater center to a final depth of 517 m below the lake floor. Petrographic and geochemical analyses of 26 drill core samples, three impact melt rocks from the surface, and seven glass spherules from surface deposits outside the crater are used to characterize the impactite inventory at El'gygytgyn. The bottom 98 m of hole 1C intersected monomict brecciated, unshocked, rhyolitic ignimbrite with minor intercalations of polymict breccia and mafic inclusions. These lithologies are overlain by 89 m of polymict breccia whose components occasionally exhibit scarce, low‐degree shock metamorphic features. This unit is succeeded by 10 m of suevite that contains about 1 vol% glassy impact melt shards <1 cm in size and a low amount of shock metamorphosed lithic clasts. The suevite is capped by a reworked fallout deposit that constitutes a transition over 4 m into lacustrine sedimentation. A higher abundance of shock metamorphosed lithic clasts, and glass spherules, some with Ni‐rich spinel and admixture of an ultramafic component, characterize this unit. We tentatively interpret this impactite section as allochthonous breccia in the vicinity of El'gygytgyn's central ring uplift. The geochemical compositions of seven glass spherules from terrace deposits 2 km outside the crater and eight spherules from the reworked fallout deposit in hole 1C show far greater variability than the composition of impact melt shards and impact melt rocks. Some of these spherules also show strong enrichments in siderophile elements.


This study aimed at examining the influence of Top Management Teams' (TMT) diversity on the strategic isomorphism and tested its impact on firms' performance. Using upper echelons theory that concerned to the role of TMT in company and institutional theory that discussed the institutional forces that affect company's performance as framework, this study tried to see how the role of the TMTs' diversity in demographic characteristics determined their firm's strategy in dealing with institutional pressures to achieve good performance. This study uses data from listed Indonesian banks and it is analyzed by using hierarchical regression analysis method. The analysis found that several TMT diversity variables affected the strategic isomorphism and firms' performance. The research also confirmed that the strategic isomorphism affected a firm's performance. Several implications were discussed.


Introduction: Histopathologic criteria are usually sufficient for the accurate distinction of benign from malignant dermal vascular tumors. A minority of cases, however, pose a vexing diagnostic dilemma. Recent studies suggest that caveolin, a scaffolding cell membrane protein, may prove helpful in predicting the biologic behavior of endothelial‐derived neoplasms.


BACKGROUND
Paradoxical vocal cord dysfunction is associated with a high rate of psychiatric comorbidities, including mood, anxiety, somatoform, and personality disorders, and psychosocial distress.

OBJECTIVE
The authors draw attention to this disorder because delayed diagnosis and misdiagnosis are common and can contribute to excessive morbidity.

METHOD
The authors present a case of paradoxical vocal cord dysfunction.

RESULTS
The condition improved dramatically with integrated psychopharmacologic and psychotherapeutic intervention.

CONCLUSION
Integrated medication management and psychotherapy by a single psychiatrist-provider with relevant medical understanding can achieve a better alliance between patient and physician and, thus, improved outcomes.


In the treatment of menorrhagia, levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system (LNG-IUS, Mirena®) is compared with hysterectomy in terms of bone mineral density (BMD). In the lumbar spine, BMD decreased among hysterectomized women, but not among LNG-IUS users. Background: Osteoporosis is an increasing health problem. Osteoporotic fractures cause excess mortality, morbidity and heavy costs. Hysterectomy and LNG-IUS are the most effective treatment modalities for menorrhagia. However, the effect of these treatment modalities on BMD has not been compared. Design: Randomized controlled trial. Participants: 107 healthy women, aged 35–49, referred for menorrhagia. Interventions: Of the women, 54 were randomized to hysterectomy and 53 to the LNG-IUS group. Outcome measures: Bone mineral density measured by dual X-ray absoptiometry from the lumbar spine and the femoral neck at baseline and 5 years after randomization. Results: The two groups did not differ in terms of age, parity, body mass index, serum follicle-s...


We have successfully prepared monodispersed thermoresponsive core−shell microcapsules with a mean diameter of about 4 μm with a porous membrane and with linear-grafted poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) chains in the membrane pores acting as thermoresponsive gates. The preparation was carried out by using a Shirasu porous glass (SPG) membrane emulsification technique to prepare small-sized monodispersed oil-in-water emulsions and using interfacial polymerization to prepare the core−shell microcapsules with porous membranes. Plasma-graft pore-filling polymerization was used to graft linear PNIPAM chains into the pores of the microcapsule membranes. In the SPG membrane emulsification process, the optimum surfactant sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) concentration and poly(vinyl alcohol) stabilizer concentration could be selected by solely considering the monodispersity of the emulsion droplets. However, before the interfacial polymerization process was started, these two concentrations needed to be monitored to...


This feasibility study examines the potential of imaging spectroscopy to estimate sulfide percentage in drill core from the Stillwater Complex, Montana. The Stillwater Complex is a layered mafic to ultramafic intrusion hosting ore‐grade platinum group elements within the zone known as the JM Reef. Stillwater Mine geologists indirectly infer the platinum/palladium grade by the presence and abundance of sulfide minerals. In order to discriminate between waste and ore rock, geologists visually inspect the core and working faces for minerals such as chalcopyrite, pentlandite, and pyrrhotite. Iron sulfide minerals have a strong ultraviolet absorption that blends into the blue portion of the visible region and produces their yellow luster. The spectral differences between these pathfinder minerals and the accessory minerals are sufficiently distinct to allow classification of this mineralogy using imaging spectroscopy even in the absence of a particular absorption feature. Five different sections of split core ...


1. CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT EFFORTS IN INFORMATION SYSTEMS (IS) Curriculum development efforts for baccalaureate degree programs in Information Systems have been ongoing for close to four decades. Driven by the recognition that the educational needs of those entering the business environment are significantly different than from those entering the field of computer science and/or computer engineering, the first "Curriculum Recommendations for Undergraduate Programs in Information Systems" (Cougar, 1973) was sponsored by the Associate for Computing Machinery (ACM) and prepared by the ACM Curriculum Committee on Computing Education for Management (C3EM). The report emphasized that although historically entry into information systems did not necessarily require a college degree, and in fact many information systems professionals at that time entered the field laterally from other disciplines such as accounting, the requirement for a college level degree was an implicit if not explicit requirement for information systems positions in medium to large size companies using third generation computing equipment. During the mid- to late-1970s the Data Processing Management Association (DPMA) and the Association for Systems Management (ASM) were the two leading professional organizations for business computing professionals. Although the ACM curriculum recommendations were highly respected in academic circles, the recommendations were not widely distributed to nor did they receive much support from those in the business computer industry. Relying heavily on advisory councils composed of business computing professionals, most of the newly evolving undergraduate programs in Information Systems did not migrate to the ACM model. In February 1979 the Information Systems department of California State Polytechnic University, Pomona (Cal Poly) hosted the first national conference/workshop on Computer Information Systems Education. The conference brought together representatives from industry and education to discuss and make recommendations for improving business computing education at the undergraduate level. This conference put forward the following positions: (1) there are significant differences among educational programs in information systems, computer science, and computer engineering; (2) programs in computer information systems have the distinct primary goal of preparing entry-level applications programmer/analysts for commercial environments; and (3) it is desirable that a nationally recognized model curriculum offering guidelines in the development of educational programs in computer information systems be established. The conference concluded with the establishment of a task group to develop specific plans for establishing this model curriculum. The success of the first conference attracted the attention of DPMA, who expressed interest in co-hosting with Cal Poly a second national conference to continue the curriculum development effort. The second national conference was held in January of 1980 and was attended by computing educators and industry representatives from around the nation. Discussion centered on a preliminary version of a model curriculum which developed as an outgrowth of the first conference. Evolving from the discussion was a set of core courses that all agreed should form the basis for all undergraduate programs in Computer Information Systems. As a result of the work from this second conference the DPMA Education Foundation agreed to sponsor the curriculum development project and to support its recommendation as viable standards for baccalaureate Computer Information Systems Education. A target date of June 1981 was tentatively set for project completion. In May of 1981 a draft of the report was presented at the First National Conference on Information Systems Education, and the final report (DPMA, 1981) was published later that year. The report was widely supported by industry and widely adopted by undergraduate programs throughout the country. …


Thirty samples of crucian carp and carp are collected in upstream pine forest, midstream Dadingzi mountain and downstream Jiamusi section in the main stream of Songhua river. The ICP method is used to test heavy metals content of the fish. The exposure health risks of exposed way of edible fish in the Songhua River is assessed by exposure to the health risk assessment model. The results show that the noncarcinogenic target risk quotient (THQ) of each heavy metals is less than 1. The biggest heavy metal of the noncarcinogenic risk is As. From high to low in the order, the THQ is As>Cu>Mn>Pb>Cd. Composite exposure non carcinogenic hazard index (HIsF) is 0.18∼0.23. As of fish exposed can cause the evident in the risk of cancer, TR is 2.89×10−5∼6.78×10−5.


Semi-insulating (SI) InP substrate is the key element for both high speed microelectronic devices and for optoelectronic integrated circuits (OEICs). Up to now, crystals have been doped with a transition element, which acts as a deep acceptor. Iron has in particular been used to generate deep level in the forbidden gap of InP, which is very effective in decreasing the free carrier concentration. Today, Fe doping during liquid encapsulation Czochralski (LEC) growth is the only reliable technique for the fabrication of InP crystals with high resistivity. The defect characterization of these substrate is of great importance to have successful devices. The Photo Induced Current Transient Spectroscopy (PICTS), first reported by Hurtes et al., is a useful technique for the characterization of deep levels in high resistivity semiconductors. It is based on the analysis of the thermal behaviour of the photocurrent transient induced by periodic light pulses. In this study, we investigate the evolution of the defects in LEC InP with the concentration of Fe introduced in the melt.<<ETX>>


Aiming to distinguish two types of progenitors of core-collapse supernovae, i.e., one with a core composed mainly of oxygen and neon (abbreviated as ONe core) and the other with an iron core (or Fe core), we calculated the luminosities and spectra of neutrinos emitted from these cores prior to gravitational collapse, taking neutrino oscillation into account. We found that the total energies emitted as &ngr; ¯ e ?> from the ONe core are ≲ 10 46 erg ?> , which is much smaller than ∼ 10 47 erg ?> for Fe cores. The average energy, on the other hand, is twice as large for the ONe core as those for the Fe cores. The neutrinos produced by the plasmon decays in the ONe core are more numerous than those from the electron–positron annihilation in both cores, but they have much lower average energies ≲ 1 MeV ?> . Although it is difficult to detect the pre-supernova neutrinos from the ONe core even if it is located within 200 pc from Earth, we expect ∼9–43 and ∼7–61 events for Fe cores at KamLAND and Super-Kamiokande, respectively, depending on the progenitor mass and neutrino-mass hierarchy. These numbers might be increased by an order of magnitude if we envisage next-generation detectors such as JUNO. We will hence be able to distinguish the two types of progenitors by the detection or nondetection of the pre-supernova neutrinos if they are close enough ( ≲ 1 kpc ?> ).


Two closely related, low-sensitivity, active switched capacitor fitter topologies are presented. Each of these circuits comprises two operational amplifiers and at most nine capacitors. The topologies have been carefully constructed so that they are immune to the various parasitic capacitances normally present in switched capacitor networks. One filter topology is capable of realizing any stable biquadratic z-domain transfer function, while the second one is only slightly less than fully general. Most commonly used transfer functions can be realized with either topology and will require only seven capacitors. The choice between the two topologies will generally be made on the basis of total capacitance required, dynamic range behavior, and sensitivity. A complete set of synthesis equations is given for both circuits which cover both the general and all the important special cases of the biquadratic transfer function. Finally, several examples are given which illustrate the synthesis procedures and the versatility of the filter topologies.


Background Cardiac dysfunction can modify renal perfusion, which is crucial to maintain sufficient kidney tissue oxygenation. Renal cortex perfusion assessed by dynamic ultrasound method is related both to renal function and cardiac hemodynamics. The aim of the study was to test the hypothesis that Renal Perfusion Index (RPI) can more closely reflect cardiac hemodynamics and differentiate etiology of chronic cardio-renal syndrome. Material/Methods Twenty-four patients with hypertension and chronic kidney disease (CKD) at 2–4 stage (12 with hypertensive nephropathy and 12 with CKD prior to hypertension) were enrolled in the study. Blood tests, 24-h ABPM, echocardiography, and ultrasonography with estimation of Total renal Cortical Perfusion intensity and Renal Perfusion Index (RPI) were performed. Results In the group of all patients, RPI correlated with left ventricular stoke volume (LVSV), and cardiac index, but not with markers of renal function. In multiple stepwise regression analysis CKD-EPI(Cys-Cr) (b=−0.360), LVSV (b=0.924) and MAP (b=0.376) together independently influenced RPI (R2=0.74; p<0.0001). RPI<0.567 allowed for the identification of patients with chronic cardio-renal syndrome with sensitivity of 41.7% and specificity of 83.3%. Conclusions Renal perfusion index relates more strongly to cardiac output than to renal function, and could be helpful in recognizing chronic cardio-renal syndrome. Applicability of RPI in diagnosing early abnormalities in the cardio-renal axis requires further investigation.


A spacer assembly has 'first and second spacers standing on first and second surfaces of a plate-like grid to be integral with them. First and second molds each with a plurality of through holes are arranged on the first and second surfaces of the grid to be in tight contact with them. After that, the through holes of the molds are filled with a glass paste containing an ultraviolet-curing binder, and the glass paste is cured by irradiation with ultraviolet rays. Furthermore, while the molds are held in a tight contact state, the glass paste is calcined at a predetermined temperature. Thus, the first and second spacers are integrally formed on the grid surfaces. The first spacer has an aspect ratio of 2.5 to 3.


The superposition of territorial work divisions in the production of sodas and flavored waters allows discovering the existence of two circuits of urban econ...