Starting from 7-chloro-3-methyl-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidine (1) by reaction with methanol/hydrogen chloride, subsequent methylation and reaction with N-bromosuccinimide 3-bromomethyl-7-methoxy-1-methyl-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidine (6) is prepared. Treatment with ethylene glycol in the presence of potassium carbonate/potassium iodide and subsequent reaction with ethanolic ammonia afforded 7-amino-3-(2-hydroxyethoxymethyl)-1-methyl-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidine (11) an acyclo analog of formycin A.


The aim of this study was to evaluate, among chronic users of benzodiazepines in primary health care, executive functions and visual-special skills based on the Clock Drawing Test (TDR) and the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE), since it is notorious the growing chronic and indiscriminate use of these medications by the general population, given the levels of anxiety and insomnia, with a prevalence of use ranging from 7.3% to 63.8%. Therefore, a cross-sectional, quantitative, descriptive and ecological study was carried out in a Basic Health Unit in the city of Patos, Paraíba. A non-probabilistic sample was adopted, determined through the applicability of the eligibility criteria. Two data collection instruments were applied: a standard sociodemographic form and the MMSE. The mean time of chronic use was 112.78 months for the research participants, most of whom were male. In the target population of the study, the mean score on the MMSE was 23.61 and on the TDR it was 5.27. An important prevalence of comorbidities and unhealthy lifestyle habits was found in the analyzed population and an intrinsic relationship between chronic users of BZ at the UBS in the municipality of Patos-PB and a cognitive déficit.


At present,our country's education is shifting into quality education which is demanding humanism.The Lesson,the main channel of actualizing quality education,should stress much on the students' principal part.This article presents that the teacher could inspire students' awareness of principal part,eduate them form principal part,creativity the spirit of enterprise and striving according to creation of situation,stressing process,penetration and evaluation.


Abstract Objectives Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common skin disorder in dogs. We hypothesize that dietary intervention alleviates AD by improving gut, skin, systemic immunity and skin health. Methods Control food (CF) and Test food (TF) were formulated to meet or exceed AAFCO nutritional recommendations. Both foods had similar macronutrient levels (fat: 16.2% ±1.2, protein: 17.2% ±0.9, carbohydrate: 52.9% ±0.9, crude fiber: 1.1% ±0.05, total dietary fiber: 5.0% ±0.1, moisture: 8.1% ±0.9 and ash: 4.2% ±0.2) except for the ratios of soluble:insoluble fiber (S/IF) and linolenic (C18:3):arachidonic fatty acids (C20:4) (C18:3/C20:4). The ratios of S/IF and C18:3/C20:4 are: in CF 0.04 and 10.1 and in TF 0.27 and 26.6 respectively. 14 Derm disorder dogs (DD, n = 14) and pair-matched 16 healthy dogs (HD, n = 16) were pre-fed a maintenance food for 28 days and then randomized into 2 groups based on their age, gender and disease condition followed by a cross-over design without a washout period and each phase was fed for 42 days. Fecal and blood samples were collected for all dogs and assessment of skin symptoms was conducted by a veterinarian for DD dogs. Results There was an improvement in the response rate of reduced pruritus, erythema, alopecia, skin and ear secretion severity in DD by 53.8%, 46.1%, 7.6% and 38.4% respectively, when fed TF compared with CF. Mean level of fecal calprotectin and alpha 1-proteinase were decreased in DD and HD dogs when fed TF (11.8 ng/g & 18.0 µg/g) compared with CF (25.0 ng/g & 20.1 µg/g), with ±Sp 30.2 & 14.6, respectively. Similarly, mean level of serum IgE and cholesterol were decreased in DD and HD dogs when fed TF (48.8 µg/ml & 199.2 mg/dL) compared with CF (61.5 µg/ml & 226.5 mg/dL), with ±Sp 63.0 & 44.9, respectively. Metabolomic analyses revealed that TF decreased circulating acylcarnitines, but increased long chain PUFAs and NAD metabolic pathway intermediates compared with CF which indicating an anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and improvement in skin barrier function respectively. TF also decreased circulating short chain sphingomyelins and ceramides to improve skin lipid homeostasis. Conclusions TF intervention alleviates AD via multifaceted approach by improving gut, skin and systemic immunity and skin health in dogs. Funding Sources This study was funded by Hill's Pet Nutrition, Inc.


Purpose
Mental health is an inevitable and vital dimension when it comes to providing a global definition for the appropriate health status. This highlights the importance of investigating factors influencing utilization and out-of-pocket payments (OOP) for mental health services. Thus, the purpose of this paper is to assess the determinants of the utilization and OOP for psychiatric healthcare in Iran.

Design/methodology/approach
A total of 39,864 households were included in this cross-sectional study. Data on the utilization and OOP for psychiatric healthcare as well as all their determinants (e.g. wealth index of households, geographical area, household size, etc.) were extracted from the Household Income and Expenditure Survey (HIES). The HIES was conducted by the Statistical Center of Iran in 2016. A zero-inflated Tobit model was used to identify the main factors affecting utilization and OOP for psychiatric healthcare utilization.

Findings
The average of utilization and OOP for psychiatric services was found to be 14.67 times per 1,000 households and $7.783 per month for service users, respectively. There were significant positive relationships between income and utilization (p=0.0002) and OOP (p<0.0001) for psychiatric services. Significant negative associations were found between the number of illiterate people in the household and OOP (coefficient=−1.56) and utilization (coefficient=−0.2002) for psychiatric services. Utilization and OOP for psychiatric services were statistically significantly higher among households with higher wealth status.

Originality/value
Despite the higher rate of mental disorders, the utilization of psychiatric services in Iran is very low. Due to financial barriers and insufficient insurance coverage, high socioeconomic status (SES) households utilize more psychiatric services than low-SES households. Thus, the integration of mental health services in public health programs is required to improve the utilization of psychiatric services in Iran.


Homecare service has grown in Brazil and comprises a set of hospital procedures performed in the patient's home, providing him or her with individualized care and improved quality of life. This article aims to identify individual and collective skills of professionals engaged in this service. For this purpose the present case study was done. The case selected was of a pediatric patient who has been using homecare service, since she left the hospital six years ago. The professionals who work in the case were interviewed, as well as a relative of the patient. The results show that there is not sufficient theoretical knowledge and ability to put it into practice. However, the highlight was the attitudinal issue of the professionals who seek to qualify and enhance their work with the patients. In order to minimize the shortage related to the sharing of skills, being that the professionals usually work by themselves in each shift, it is suggested for the company providing the homecare service to use a tool that everyone involved can participate either in person or remotely.


Robotic manipulators must operate in complex scenarios, which make the overall operational space quite large, and the system dynamics within that space subject to significant variations and uncertainties. Sliding mode control (SMC) strategies have been successfully applied in this context, yet, if a worst-case approach is taken in the face of large operational variations, the resulting performance may happen to be suboptimal. Moreover, attention must be paid, in an industrial setting, to vibrations that may be induced on the robot joints by the presence of chattering induced by the SMC algorithm. This work tests, in a challenging application context, a recently-proposed r-order SMC strategy that encompasses both continuous and discrete adaptation strategies to adjust its parameters, giving rise to an overall switched approach. In particular, two realistic case studies of robot motion control are discussed, proving its effectiveness in enhancing both performance and robustness in complex operational scenarios.


We investigate the dynamics of the brain alpha waves in the entrainment to color-alternating flicker stimuli with various combinations of stimulus colors. The in-phase entrainment over the entire scalp is observed in the response to alternating red/blue stimuli for about 50% of entrained subjects whereas the anti-phase one is observed for other subjects. The anti-phase response is observed under the condition of other combinations of stimulus colors for most of the subjects of 70%. The result suggests that the alternating red/blue flicker stimuli significantly affect the activity of the brain waves.


The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of solid dispersions of pilocarpine hydrochloride (SPC) on the salivary flow rate. Solid dispersions, including pilocarpine hydrochloride: ethylcellulos : hydroxypropylmethylcellulose phthalate (1: 9 : 10 weight ratio), showed the best sustained release behavior in the dissolution test. Unstimulated whole saliva samples were collected immediately before drug administration at 30-minute intervals for 1 hour, and 1 hour intervals for 7 hours. Subjects, ten healthy male volunteers, took nothing by mouth for 2 hours before administration and did not eat until after the third hour of sampling. The data for the salivary flow rate was compared with that for the flow rate by unadjusted pilocarpine hydrochloride (control). SPC significantly increased the salivary flow rate in the subjects. An increased salivary flow was seen within 30 minutes after administration. The flow rate reached the maximum 3 hours after administration and then slowly declined for 5 hours. On the other hand, the control reached the maximum 40 minute after administration and rapidly declined for 2.5 hours. Three subjects in the control group reported an increased lachrymal flow, but there were no complaints in the SPC group. In conclusion, SPC was considered to be an effective drug as a sustained-release form of pilocarpine hydrochloride.


The article considers philosophical, socio-cultural, literary and architectural peculiarities of the American urban space as one of the key elements of the American image of the world. The analysis is based on the novels by O. Henry, the American writer of the turn of the 20th century.


It is generally accepted that mitochondrial volume density in human skeletal muscle diminishes with chronic high altitude exposure. All data supporting this concept were collected during mountaineering expeditions, which are associated with the confounding effects of whole body negative energy balance. Here we examine the effect of 28 days of exposure to 3454 m on skeletal muscle mitochondrial volume density in a setting where whole body weight, whole body composition, leg lean mass, skeletal muscle fibre area and maximal power output were preserved. Our results demonstrate that total skeletal muscle mitochondrial volume density increases in response to high altitude exposure secondary to a preferential increase in intermyofibrillar mitochondrial populations. This study provides direct evidence contradicting the notion that high altitude exposure diminishes skeletal muscle mitochondrial volume density, highlighting an inconsistent understanding of the role of hypoxia on skeletal muscle mitochondria.


The present invention is a printed circuit on the substrate and a method of manufacturing the same, in particular the chip package in the form of a contact in the inner layer of the multilayer printed circuit board, and after the formation of the groove, the contact of the inner layer is formed to expose exposed inner layer contacts a printed circuit mounted in flip-chip connection relates to a substrate and a method of manufacturing the same. A printed circuit board, chip package, chip IC


Complexity of structural projects increases and consequently more and more experts are
involved in the design and construction process. These facts lead to the need to enhance the
interoperability between software tools used in the design and construction process of
structure. For that reason the standard IFC (IFC - Industry Foundation Classes, a basic
industrial classes) has been developed, which aims to standardize the presentation of buildings
data. In the thesis the methods for ensuring the interoperability are firstly described. In the
next part the applicability of information models of buildings, designed in tools for objectbased
parametric modelling and for seismic analysis of structures, are investigated. Based on
the information model of reinforced-concrete industrial building, created in architectural
modeling tool (Allplan), the possibility of imports of information models in software tools for
static and dynamic analysis of structures, was studied. In addition, the adequacy of obtained
analysis model (SCIA Engineer) for the purpose of modal analysis was estimated. The result
of modal analysis based on the building information model and that based on "hand made"
analysis model were compared and also validated by the two "hand made" analysis models in
the program ETABS. It can be concluded that the building information model, which was
created in Allplan, is sufficient. On the other hand the seismic analysis performed by using the
Scia Engineer software is not appropriate.


DURING the last war, maximization of efficiency of the operators of precision machinery became an urgent problem, since its limitations were, on account of technical advances, imposed no longer by the mechanical but by the human element. Reduction of fatigue for the operator was therefore attempted through the correct positioning of optical apparatus, controls for hand and foot, seating and body supports, and to this end a number of anatomical, biometric and physiological studies were made. As Sir Wilfrid Le Gros Clark (1949) has pointed out, the results of these and similar investigations are applicable to peacetime industry. There are also many nonindustrial and domestic applications. The purpose of this paper is to indicate some of the different types of problems in which anthropometric information may be of assistance, to the benefit not only of the manufacturer and machine-operator but also of the purchaser of the finished product.


Unlike the supplements you'd traditionally purchase in health and wellness retailers like The Vitamin Shoppe, Walgreens, or even Amazon, lifestyle supplements are hawked by fashion-forward lifestyle brands or bloggers selling supplements around the goal of attaining a certain aspirational lifestyle.


Pressure effects on transport as well as structural properties have been investigated for a bilayer manganite, La222xSr112xMn2O7 (x50.48), near the phase boundary between the ferromagnetic metallic and the A-type antiferromagnetic states. An insulator-metal ~IM! transition is found to be induced by applying pressure of ;0.7 GPa. On the basis of the synchrotron radiation x-ray structural analysis under high pressures, we have ascribed the IM transition to the variation of the stability of the eg orbitals.


The use of promethazine and chloroquine sulphate to reduce reaction to total dose infusion of iron dextran (Imferon) is described. The patients chosen for the investigation were anaemic pregnant African women living in the coastal region of East Africa where malaria due to Plasmodium falciparum is holoendemic. The results show that promethazine has little value in the reduction of reactions whereas chloroquine appears to be effective.


Ethylene glycol is commonly found in automobile antifreeze and a variety of other commercial products. Ingestion of ethylene glycol, either accidentally or in a making an attempt at suicide, is characterized by severe metabolic acidosis, calcium oxalate crystal formation and deposition, and various end organ damages that may be fatal with about 80% mortality rate. We present here a case of a patient who ingested about 300cc of ethylene glycol to siucide, and developed acute renal failure, acute pancreatitis and bone marrow suppression, but successfully be treated with minimal sequelae. (Korean J Nephrol 2006;25(1):159-163)


The aim of this paper was to determine the impact of education tax revenue on economic development of Nigeria within the period of 2006-2017. Specially, it investigated the extent to which tertiary education tax affects Gross Domestic Product and Human development index of Nigeria within the period of 20062017. Data were gathered from Federal Inland revenue service (FIRS) planning, reporting and statistic department report for various years, Central bank of Nigeria Annual statistical Bulletin and annual Reports and United Nations development program (UNDP) Annual Reports. Regression analysis and thematic analysis were employed for the analysis of the data. Findings indicate tax education tax revenue has a significant impact on economic development and thus indicates that education tax revenue is crucial aspect of government funding needed for economic developmental purposes. Education tax has a positive and strong relationship with economic development when measured on the GDP as well as HDI. The implication of this study is that Nigeria's economic development pursuit has not been adequate as it has witnessed low to medium level of development within the period examined in the face of tax revenue generated. There is need to advocate for increase in tax revenue generation and judicious use of tax revenue in order to foster economic development. In other words, there is need to ensure that revenue leakages are reduced and prudent expenditure towards economic growth and development pursuits are maintained.


In this paper, we present a simple yet sensitive method for glucose sensing using carbon nanotube field-effect transistor (CNTFET) based biosensor. The CNTs were well-dispersed to form CNT networks and maintain functional connectivity among CNTs, which increases the electron transfer through the network and thus, the electronic readout. Moreover, glucose oxidase (GOx) molecules are immobilized by CNT functionalization to form effective and sensitive CNT networks as FET channel. The CNTs are functionalized with linkers (1-pyrenebutanoic acid succinimidyl ester) to immobilize GOx on CNTs, where GOx serves as a mediator between CNTs and glucose for electron transfer. The liquid analyte glucose is adsorbed on CNTs via GOx and linkers by releasing additional electrons in the CNTFET channel and thus, increasing the CNTFET readout current. The binding of the target glucose molecules and GOx emulates the gate potential of FET channel and the electronic response of the sensor is recorded in real-time. Moreover, the variations in electronic readout of CNTFET biosensor are observed and is stipulated due to variation in CNT dispersion on each device. Overall, this work presents a simple, fast, sensitive, low-cost, and low concentration (0.01 mM) detection of glucose using CNTFET sensors.


Kyungjae Lee1, Sungyub Kim2, Sungbin Lim3, Sungjoon Choi1, Mineui Hong1, Jaein Kim4, Yong-Lae Park4 and Songhwai Oh1 Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering, ASRI, Seoul National University, Graduate School of AI, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Dept. of Industrial Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Dept. of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Seoul National University Email: {kyungjae.lee,mineui.hong,firstname.lastname@example.com,email@example.com, email@example.com,{snu08mae,ylpark,email@example.com


The author analyzes the activity of Leningrad workers, who were mobilized to the Siberian village to conduct complete collectivization, to struggle with kulaks, to carry out the plan of grain procurements at the beginning of the 1930s, pays special attention to their social-cultural image, and analyzes the workers' participation in the implementation of labour organization new forms in the village: pasture brigades and units creation, competition conduction, peasants training for kolkhoz leaders positions.


A new SiC superjunction power MOSFET device using high-k insulator and p-type pillar with an integrated Schottky barrier diode (Hk-SJ-SBD MOSFET) is proposed, and has been compared with the SiC high-k MOSFET (Hk MOSFET), SiC superjuction MOSFET (SJ MOSFET) and the conventional SiC MOSFET in this article. In the proposed SiC Hk-SJ-SBD MOSFET, under the combined action of the p-type region and the Hk dielectric layer in the drift region, the concentration of the N-drift region and the current spreading layer can be increased to achieve an ultra-low specific on-resistance (R on,sp). The integrated Schottky barrier diode (SBD) also greatly improves the reverse recovery performance of the device. TCAD simulation results indicate that the R on,sp of the proposed SiC Hk-SJ-SBD MOSFET is 0.67 mΩ·cm2 with a 2240 V breakdown voltage (BV), which is more than 72.4%, 23%, 5.6% lower than that of the conventional SiC MOSFET, Hk SiC MOSFET and SJ SiC MOSFET with the 1950, 2220, and 2220 V BV, respectively. The reverse recovery time and reverse recovery charge of the proposed MOSFET is 16 ns and18 nC, which are greatly reduced by more than 74% and 94% in comparison with those of all the conventional SiC MOSFET, Hk SiC MOSFET and SJ SiC MOSFET, due to the integrated SBD in the proposed MOSFET. And the trade-off relationship between the R on,sp and the BV is also significantly improved compared with that of the conventional MOSFET, Hk MOSFET and SJ MOSFET as well as the MOSFETs in other previous literature, respectively. In addition, compared with conventional SJ SiC MOSFET, the proposed SiC MOSFET has better immunity to charge imbalance, which may bring great application prospects.


I n a recent letter entitled "An Inaccuracy in an Otherwise Solid Study," Dr A. Bernard Ackerman criticizes the statement by Kashani-Sabet et al that "the role of [vascular invasion] in the prognostic assessment of malignant melanoma has remained controversial." It is the view of Dr Ackerman and his associates that vascular invasion by any melanoma is "virtually equivalent to metastasis." He says that, except for a single statement in the literature saying that vascular invasion does "not influence prognosis significantly," he is unaware of any "statement to that effect anywhere." Perhaps I can help. Clark et al, in their classic article on prognostic factors in melanoma, stated that "[t]wenty-three attributes [including vascular invasion] were tested for entry into [their] model. Six had independent predictive prognostic information." Vascular invasion was not among these; it dropped out from the multivariate analysis. More recently, using logistic regression, Barnhill et al examined 14 pathologic parameters, including vascular invasion, in melanomas from 548 patients. In their univariate analysis, vascular invasion showed prognostic significance, but in their multivariate analysis it again dropped out. Vollmer reviewed 54 reports of multivariate analyses of prognostic factors in melanoma; he found that only 3 of the studies showed vascular invasion to be significant, whereas 10 of them did not and 41 of them ignored it altogether. It follows that the statement by Kashani-Sabet et al is correct and that Dr Ackerman's criticism is not justified. The explanation for the confusion is actually quite simple: the presence of vascular invasion in primary melanomas is closely associated with tumor thickness—thick melanomas are very much more likely to show vascular invasion than thin melanomas. Therefore, in univariant analysis, vascular invasion is associated with a poor prognosis, simply because the overwhelming majority of melanomas that show it are thick, and thickness is an extremely strong predictor of a poor prognosis. However, in multivariate analysis, in which the association with tumor thickness has been accounted for, vascular invasion has either been found to be a relatively weak predictor (of a poor prognosis), or it has not been found to be a significant prognosticator at all. Those few studies that have shown a predictive value for vascular invasion have generally been examinations of thick melanomas. Kashani-Sabet et al have made a major contribution to this area by their finding that vascular involvement may be a more important prognosticator than previously thought. Especially important is their observation that melanoma cells need not be found within vessels for vascular involvement to be significant: epiluminal neoplastic cells abutting onto, but outside of or "cuffing," vessels that are separate from the tumor may be as significant, or even more so. This observation corroborates the findings of Barnhill et al, who have termed the latter phenomenon angiotrophism. For thick melanomas, these recent studies may influence the way that prognostic factors are evaluated. However, for those few thin melanomas (ie, 0.75 mm in thickness [Breslow]) or those of intermediate thickness (ie, 0.75-2 mm in thickness) that show vascular involvement, it is not at all clear whether, or to what extent, this portends a poor prognosis. Even in the study of Kashani-Sabet et al, tumor thickness was found to be a more important prognosticator than vascular involvement. Also, vascular invasion, when it does occur in thinner melanomas, is more likely to involve more superficial vessels than when it occurs in thicker lesions. Additional studies will be needed to resolve this issue and, given the relative infrequency of both vascular invasion into and angiotropism around vessels in melanomas of thin or intermediate thickness, they are not likely to be completed quickly. Until such studies are performed, it is imperative that patients with melanomas of thin or intermediate thickness be counseled, and treated, according to established prognostic indicators, irrespective of vascular invasion, at the very least until many more data are obtained and analyzed.


This study deals with the analysis of the signs used to name colors in Turkish Sign Language (TID). The aim of the study was to reveal how color signaling process works in TID and to describe the major linguistics characteristics in terms of arbitrariness, conventionality, iconicity. For the data of the study a corpus consisting of 16 colors was prepared and three hearing and speech impaired people, regardless of their age, education, socio-economic, and socio-cultural background, were randomly chosen to conduct the study. The subjects were asked through written Turkish to express those colors in TID. The analysis revealed that some color signaling in TID proved to be arbitrary and conventional and most of the signs seem to iconic.


SYNOPSIS. Haemogregarina echisi n. sp. from the saw-scaled viper Echis carinatus of West Pakistan is described. Eleven of 40 vipers were infected. The blood forms were almost entirely intraerythrocytic and were enclosed in a capsule. There was obvious hypertrophy of the host cell, and multiple infection of a single host cell was common. Extracellular forms were also present; they were longer than intracellular forms. No sexual dimorphism was noticeable. Schizogonic stages, from early to mature, were found in abundance in the lung capillaries. The number of merozoites per schizont was normally 22–25, altho as many as 38 merozoites were present in some schizonts. The few mites that could be collected from these snakes were free from any developmental stage of the parasite. Dimorphic schizogony, described in some haemogregarines, was not found. The status of the genera Hepatozoon and Haemogregarina, and the specific differentiation is discussed.


The morphology of larval and 1st postlarval stages of Penaeus penicillatus are described.Results from comparative studies on larval development of P.penicillatus,P.merguiensis and P.chinensis are as fol-lows: These three species could not be identified during their naupliar stages. In the 1st protozoea,the antennule L1/L2 value is 1.7—2.0 in P.merguiensis,but lessthan 1.7 in P.chinensis and P.penicillatus;in the 2nd protozoea,the supra-orbital spine in P.chinensis isnot bifurcated,while those of P.merguiensis and P.penicillatus are bifurcated;in the 3rd protozoea,thereis a minute(or no)dorso-median spine on the posterior margin of the 1st and 2nd abdominal somite in P.chinensis,but they are prominent in P.merguiensis and P.penicillatus.In the mysis and 1st postlarvalstages,P.chinensis differs from P.merguiensis and P.penicillatus in having 9(8 in the other 2 species)longsetae on the exopod of pereopods 1—3;additionally,one dorsal tooth appears on the rostrum of P.chinensis in the 2nd mysis and that o


Objective:To detect the production of interferon-γ(IFN-γ), interleukin(IL-2), interleukin(IL-4)and interleukin(IL-6)from rats splenocytes cultures, and explore the effect of Xuanxia capsule, a traditional Chinese medicine on the equilibrium of Th1/Th2 of morphine dependent rats. Methods:Twenty four ♂ SD rats were randomly assigned to group A, B, C and D (6 rats per group). Group A as the control group received saline solution(sc). The other three groups were administered morphine(sc)with gradually increasing dose for 8 days, except that Xuanxia capsule was added to group D from d4. After the last injection, the spleens of group A and group B were gently removed, while the spleens of group C and group D were moved 72 h later after stopping morphine administration (sc). Splenocytes were tested for their ability to produce IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-4 and IL-6, and suspensions of the splenocytes were prepared and stimulated with Con A solution. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays(ELISA)was carried out to detect the production of IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-4 and IL-6. Results:There was a significant difference in the production IFN-γ, IL-2 and IL-6 among groups after Con A stimulation(P0.05), while no significant difference was observed in the production IL-4. There was a significant difference in Th1/Th2 between group C and group D. IFN-γ in group C was lower than that in group B, but much higher than that of group A(P0.05). IFN-γ in group D markedly reduced compared with that in group C, but no difference between group D and group A. IL-2 in group C increased compared with that in group B, while higher than that in group A(P0.05). IL-2 in group D reduced compared with group C, while no significant difference was observed between group D and A. Conclusion:IFN-γ and IL-2 produced by Th1 cell in morphine-dependent rats treated with Xuanxia capsule, can return to the normal level, which suggests that Xuanxia can inhibit morphine increased Th1 cell immune response and regulate the equibilibrium in Th1/Th2 of morphine dependent rats.


At present the Ayurvedic Medicine has become a globally reputed medical method and thus the teachings on Ayurvedic medicine, their utilization and market for Ayurvedic medicine became more popular around the world. In this context the role of the ayurvedic doctors and by that the efficiency is of higher importance since their performance directly impacts on the effectiveness of ayurvedic medicine. So increasing the doctors job satisfaction would lead to improve the effectiveness of service and contribute to enhance the effectiveness of entire ayurvedic system of medicine. The objective of this study was to identify the influential factors for the job satisfaction of the ayurvedic doctors. The study has utilized primary data and a sample of 138 ayurvedic doctors has chosen in accordance the Morgan approach of sample selection from Uwa and Southern provinces through the purposive sampling technique, using already developed self-administered questionnaire.Multiple Regression Model has been utilized as the main data analyzing technique. The survey results revealed that the independence in work, relationship with the coworkers, job role and the social recognition as factors for the job satisfaction. All of the above factors are positively influential and the social recognition has identified as the most critical predictor. Implications of the findings and recommendations are offered.


RIZKI RINALDI SETIAWAN. The Influence of Lisfestyle and Financial Literacy toward Student Financial Management Behaviour. Supervised By ISTIQLALIYAH MUFLIKHATI. This is a study with the aim of analyzing the influence of lifestyle and financial literacy toward the behavior of financial management in 270 bachelors students on nine faculties in IPB campus of Dramaga. Using cross sectional study design and the sampling technique using a non probability. Data were analyzed using descriptive test and multiple linear regression test. The type of lifestyle of IPB students with the largest percentage is fulfilleds lifestyle (25.6%). The average financial literacy of IPB students is relatively low (index 38.37). The behavior of financial management of IPB students is quite good with index 45.72. The results of regression test showed that the semester, lifestyle achievers, strivers, fulfilled, believers, and financial literacy had a significant effect on the student financial management behaviour.


The current study was designed to reveal the preliminary function of NGX6 to NPC cells. In search of mechanisms of NGX6 2 D PAGE was used to identify proteins that were overexpressed in HNE cells that were transfected with NGX6. After staining and image analysis, spots of interest were isolated and subjected to mass spectrometry. Seven proteins such as Fas,ZNF and MHC ⅡAg were identified. The possible significance of these findings is discussed. NGX6 may exert its effect on NPC cells by many ways.


In this paper,the typical straight line towers and tension towers of ± 800 kV transmission are chosen as the study objects.The analysis models are built in SAP 2000,the dynamic analyses are carried out and the natural periods and modes of vibration are got.The comparisons with natural periods obtained from the simplified equations are carried out,and the method of calculating natural period of typical ± 800 kV transmission tower structure is proposed.As a result,this paper can be referred for confirming the wind-induced vibration index of practical engineering design of transmission system.


Mobile social networks are rapidly becoming an important new domain showcasing the power of mobile computing systems. These networks combine mobile location information with social networking data to enable fully context-aware environments. This paper describes SocialDining, a system that fuses mobile and social data to power novel contextaware recommendation services that provide recommendations to small groups of users who want to meet together for food or drink at local restaurants. We report our analysis on the data collected from 31 users for the SocialDining application over the course of 15 weeks.


This study analyzed the relationship between parental BMI (BMI_p) and hypertension in their adolescent offspring (HTN_a), focusing on the mediating effect of adolescents' BMI(BMI_a). The study utilized data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, including 5,755 participants aged 12-18, and conducted mediation analysis while controlling for confounding factors such as age, gender, physical activity, dietary habits, household income quartile, and parents' alcohol and smoking habits. The study included a total of 5,755 participants, with 3,401 and 5,485 participants having data on fathers' and mothers' BMI, respectively. For child systolic blood pressure (SBP_a), the father's BMI (BMI_f) had a significant total effect (ß=0.21, 95% CI 0.11-0.31) and average controlled mediated effect (ACME) (ß=0.27, 95% CI 0.24-0.21), but the average direct effect (ADE) was not significant. The mother's BMI (BMI_m) had a significant total effect (ß=0.18, 95% CI 0.10-0.26), ACME (ß=0.26, 95% CI 0.23-0.29) and ADE (ß=-0.08, 95% CI -0.16-0.00). For child diastolic blood pressure (DBP_a), both BMI_f and BMI_m had significant ACME (ß=0.10, 95% CI 0.07-0.13), (ß=0.10, 95% CI 0.08-0.12), but insignificant ADE and total effects. The study found that parents' BMI has a significant effect on the SBP_a when mediated through their BMI. Therefore, high BMI of parents is a significant risk factor for systolic hypertension in children and adolescents, which requires appropriate management.


Under the enforcement of the government, professional supervision has got rapid development. Through over a decade of exploring, concluding and developing, supervision has gained great achievement. However, with the maturation of market economy, enforced supervision policy has revealed kinds of disadvantages which are harmful to steady development of professional supervision. Therefore, it's necessary to cancel enforced supervision policy gradually.


This brief describes a pseudodigital oscillator design for low-voltage applications. To overcome the start-up problem of the digitally controlled ring oscillator with an ultralow supply voltage, a digitally controlled relaxation oscillator (DCRXO) that utilizes an inverter-based comparator is proposed. The pseudocomparator (PC), which is a variable threshold inverter, followed by an inverter, is introduced and a digital calibration circuit is used to automatically set the threshold of the PC for process-insensitive operation in the initial state. The DCRXO implemented in 65-nm CMOS consumes 17.8 μW from a 0.35-V supply at 26-MHz output and achieves a tuning range of 18.2-29.2 MHz with a sufficient overlap between tuning curves. The phase noise of -104 dBc/Hz at 1 MHz offset is measured at 26-MHz output frequency. When the supply voltage of 0.5 V is used, the DCRXO consumes 59 μW at 100-MHz output with the tuning range of 43.5-152 MHz. The core area of the DCRXO is 0.0362 mm2.


Tunnel boring machine(TBM) has been widely employed in recent years. In general,for a mixed action of shear,crush and tension,the detritus are formed. Rock detritus dimensions and particle distribution are the key factors of TBM mechanical parameters related to the rock properties,which will influence TBM energy utility and excavation efficiency. They are influenced by cutter spacing,cutter thrust forces and rock characteristics. According to the mechanism of detritus formation,detritus dimensions constitution and its characteristics are discussed. Based on the field TBM tunneling practice,Chongqing Yangtze River tunnel,detritus samples are collected according to rock types and thrust forces magnitude. Then,detritus measuring and screen tests are implemented,and vast data about detritus size are acquired. According to probability statistic theory,detritus dimensions of mudstone and sandstone are matched by normal distribution fitting method. Finally,the measured detritus distributions are calculated and compared with theoretical distribution models(lognormal distribution function and Rosin-Rammler distribution function). Some conclusions for the detritus dimensions,particles distributions and their relations to mechanical parameters are obtained. These conclusions will benefit for improving cutter head layout design and TBM performance.


Objective: To study the early use of Chinese and Western medicine with traditional Chinese medicine treatment of blood circulation in patients with acute intracerebral hemorrhage clinical efficacy.Methods:160 patients were randomly divided into two groups,control group of 40 patients to dehydration,reducing the intracranial pressure and other conventional Western medical treatment;treatment of 120 patients in the control group on the basis of early treatment of oral or nasal feeding increases blood circulation of Chinese medicine.Clinical efficacy were observed and treatment of hematoma,edema,NIHSS score improve the situation.Results:The total effective rate(91.6%) was significantly higher(60.0%),two groups have more significant difference(P0.05),hematoma the size of the two groups after treatment,edema volume and NIHSS score than those treated before a significant improvement(P0.05);the treatment group after treatment edema and hematoma volume,NIHSS score compared with the control group,significant difference(P0.05).Conclusion:The clinically proven combination of Chinese and Western medicine early use of blood circulation of Chinese medicine treatment of acute cerebral hemorrhage,the precise effect of significantly reducing the mortality and disability,improve the patient's quality of life.


Telecommunications network management systems accumulate massive network operation status data and performance data,but there is not an effective tool for data integration and in-depth analysis,and historical data does not play a real role.Using of data warehouse and OLAP technology,this paper creates a comprehensive analysis platform for data integration and flexible OLAP analysis,then the results show up through the Web form,it gives full play to invaluable historical data.


The invention relates to a tourist information system comprising a tourist information system management unit, audio control and power amplifier units, an audio/video output unit, a function control unit, a tourist information display terminal, a tourist talkback broadcasting terminal and a tourist entertainment terminal device, wherein the management unit transmits audio/video data to the audio/video output unit by a bus; the audio/video output unit controls the tourist entertainment terminal device by the function control unit; and the management unit realizes communication with the audio control and power amplifier units arranged in various chambers by buses, transmits audio signals to the audio control and power amplifier units by the audio/video output unit and controls the tourist information display terminal and the tourist talkback broadcasting terminal by the audio control and power amplifier units. The management unit of the tourist information system can monitor the working states of all devices of the system by a full column of RS485 buses. The invention provides passengers with the display of audio/video entertainment programs and various informations by public broadcasting and point-to-point communication.


In 1965, Sérgio Ferreira had completed his PhD programme under the supervision of Prof Rocha e Silva, his thesis had been accepted, and he was preparing to go to England for his first post-doctoral fellowship at the Pharmacology Department at Oxford University [...].


The present invention discloses a method for preparing 3-aminomethyl-3,5,5-trimethyl cyclohexylamine. The method comprises a) mixing an acid value of starting material 3-cyano-3,5,5-trimethyl cyclohexanone is controlled to 0.02 ~ 0.50mgKOH / g, the reaction with ammonia, to give a reaction solution imidization portion ; acid value regulating addition of an alkaline moiety imidization reaction liquid obtained in b) the steps a), the raw material added in an amount of 3-cyano-3,5,5-trimethyl cyclohexanone molar amount 0.2 ~ 5 ‰ imidization to proceed; c) step b) the resulting product is hydrogenated to 3-aminomethyl-3,5,5-trimethyl cyclohexylamine in the presence of hydrogen, ammonia and catalyst. The yield in production process 3- aminomethyl-3,5,5-trimethyl cyclohexylamine close to 99%, and space velocity increase, the reaction efficiency, equipment cost and saving the catalyst.


The article talks about the meaning of museum idea for the cosmist doctrine mostly according to works of famous russian philosopher N. F. Fyodorov, who saw a nunciate of religion and science's synthesis in the image of museum. Also, the reflection of such a notion could be found in R. Bradbury's prose, that implies a kind of integrity in the world cosmist views' developing.


Trithiazyl trichloride 1 converts 2,5-disubstituted furans into
isothiazoles (e.g. 3, 6, 7) regiospecifically and in good yield,
providing a new, one-step synthesis of isothiazoles, for which a novel
mechanism involving formation and ring-opening of a β-thiazylfuran 4
is proposed.


The dichotomy in policy making regarding the hotel industry and air transport, makes it imperative for the government to formulate clear policy processes in order to avoid conflicting situations among stakeholders. This paper looks at the various issues regarding policy theories and examines the various theories that have made their mark in other countries. It has often been contended that the national carrier, the hotel industry and government have often been looking in different directions instead of coming up with consistent policies common to all stakeholders where all could deploy efforts to consolidate the tourism industry and at the same time contribute to economic growth. Several policy theories are available namely Policy Network Analysis (PNA), Advocacy Coalition Framework (ACF), Prospects Theory, Power Elites Theory and Community organization Theory among others. Most of the above are analyzed and compared and the two theories that come close are the PNA and ACF with a preference for the latter for various reasons developed in the paper. Governments have to pay considerable attention to new policies in the implementation of an open sky policy and must assess its impacts so as to 'protect' their respective national carriers.


Primary nephrotic syndrome(PNS) is the most common glomerular disease in children. Treatment of glucocorticoid(GC) for PNS began in 1950'. GC is always the first line drug for PNS since then. 80% to 90% of the children with PNS respond to steroid treatment, among which, 10% to 20% have no relapse, 10% to 20% show infrequent relapse, 40% to 50% present with frequent relapse nephrotic syndrome(FRNS) or steroid dependence nephrotic syndrome(SDNS). 1/3 children with frequent relapse or steroid dependent SDNS show serious side effect because of prolonged and repeated use of GC, such as growth inhibition, hypertension, diabetes, osteoporosis, glaucoma, cataract, and even blindness. 10% to 20% of the children with PNS have steroid resistance nephrotic syndrome(SRNS), and more than half of the patients progress to end-stage renal disease nephrotic syndrome(ESRD) within 10 years. Therefore,we should pay more attention to children with FRNS, SDNS and SRNS. We reviewed most literatures on clinical trial, meta-analysis and guideline in treatment of NS. We summarized treatment of FRNS, SDNS and SRNS in children for pediatrics or children nephrologists.


Useful as agricultural formula (1) represents a fungicide 2-alkyl-3-aminothiophene derivative or an intermediate thereof can be prepared by formula (2) compound represented by the formula (3) in the presence of an acid represented by the reaction mixture and the resulting compound was prepared by reduction, in the following reaction formulas, R


Expressions for neutron and gamma factorial moments are known in the literature. For neutrons, these served as the basis of constructing analytic expressions for the detection rates of singles, doubles and triples, which can be used to unfold sample parameters from the measured multiplicity rates. Here we suggest the combined use of both the individual and joint neutron and gamma multiplicities and the corresponding detection rates. Counting up to third order, there are nine auto- and cross factorial moments, which are all given here explicitly. For the gamma photons, formulae are derived also for the corresponding multiplicity detection rates which, in contrast to the factorial moments, are the measured quantities and which also contain the sample fission rate explicitly. Adding the gamma counting to the neutrons introduces new unknowns, related to gamma generation, leakage, and detection. Despite more unknowns, the total number of measurable moments exceeds the number of unknowns. On the other hand, the structure of the additional equations is substantially more complicated than the neutron moments, hence their analytical inversion is not possible. We suggest therefore to invert the non-linear system of over-determined equations by using artificial neural networks (ANN), which can handle both the non-linearity and the redundance in the measured quantities in an effective and accurate way. The use of ANNs is demonstrated with good results on the unfolding of neutron multiplicity rates for the sample fission rate, the leakage multiplication and the ? ratio. Work with using the gamma multiplicity rates is on-going and some results will be reported at the conference.


This paper analyzes scroll wrap geometry with respect to volumetric outflow at the time of porting and it's influence on valve reed position and closing impact. A relation including displacement rate at the time of porting is developed to show how geometry of the inner wrap and the compressor operating conditions influence discharge valve impact. Tradeoffs in selecting profiles for minimum impact and low clearance volume are analyzed.


: This assay method was development and validation of Niclosamide (NICLO) in bulk and pharmaceutical dosage form by RP-HPLC method. The drug separat by using RP-HPLC on a RP-Cosmosil C 18 (250 mm ×4.6 mm I.D.) with particle size 5 µm was selected. On the basis of literature survey the mobile phase was methanol +0.05% (TEA-OPA PH-3.0) Water, (40:60 % v/v), at flow rate 1 ml/min. The UV detector was operated the overlain spectra 254 nm was selected for the estimation of the drug. Linearity, accuracy, precision, Ruggedness and System suitability test was found to be acceptable concentration ranges 5 – 25μg/ml with a R 2 0.999 value respectively, in the drug.


We study surfaces in the hyperbolic four-space admitting isometric deformations preserving the length of the mean curvature vector and especially focus on the case that surfaces are non-minimal and have non- flat normal bundle.


Background Associations between carotid artery longitudinal displacement, cardiovascular disease risk factors, and events were evaluated in a large, multi-ethnic cohort. Materials and Methods A novel, reproducible protocol was developed for measuring right common carotid artery longitudinal displacement using ultrasound speckle-tracking. Total longitudinal displacement was measured in 389 randomly selected participants from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis that were free of cardiovascular disease at baseline. Univariate analyses and Pearson Correlations were used to define relationships between longitudinal displacement with traditional cardiovascular risk factors and traditional measures of arterial stiffness. Hazard ratios of longitudinal displacement for cardiovascular disease and coronary heart disease events were compared using Cox proportional hazards models. Results Participants were a mean (standard deviation) 59.0 (8.7) years old, 48% female, 39% White, 26% Black, 22% Hispanic, and 14% Chinese. They had 19 (4.9%) cardiovascular disease and 14 (3.6%) coronary heart disease events over a mean 9.5 years of follow-up. Less longitudinal displacement was associated with Chinese (β = -0.11, p = 0.02) compared to White race/ethnicity and greater longitudinal displacement was associated with higher carotid intima-media thickness (β = 0.26, p = 0.004). Longitudinal displacement was not associated with other cardiovascular disease risk factors or markers of arterial stiffness. After adjustment for age and sex, and heart rate, Chinese race/ethnicity (β = -0.10, p = 0.04) and carotid intima-media thickness (β = 0.30 p = 0.003) were associated independently with longitudinal displacement. Longitudinal displacement predicted coronary heart disease (Hazard ratio [HR] 3.3, 95% Confidence intervals [CI] 0.96–11.14, p = 0.06) and cardiovascular disease (HR 2.1, 95% CI 0.6–7.3, p = 0.23) events. Conclusions Less longitudinal displacement is associated with Chinese ethnicity and greater carotid artery longitudinal displacement is associated with thicker intima-media thickness. Longitudinal displacement may predict adverse coronary heart disease and cardiovascular disease events.


Amends the National Labor Relations Act to make it an unfair labor practice for an employer, upon the conclusion of a strike, to fail to reinstate employees with greater seniority rights than employees who returned to employment during the strike and whom the employer seeks to retain.


A high-resolution RF detector has been developed in order to test a coaxial switch used in a beam-position monitor (BPM). The detector with a digital multi-meter (DMM) has an RMS resolution of the order of 10/sup -6/ in short time and a wide linear range of 50 dB. Though detected voltage depends on temperature, it can be compensated by measuring the detector temperature. The insertion loss and its stability of several types of switches were measured at 1.0 GHz using the detector. The normalized positions are kept within /spl plusmn/3/sub x/10/sup -5/, which corresponds to about /spl plusmn/1.0 /spl mu/m in a chamber of the KEKB. The detector is useful to evaluate the insertion loss of switches.


Tous droits réservés pour tous pays. Toute traduction et toute reproduction sous quelque forme que ce soit sont interdites. Les textes publiés dans la série des Cahiers du Laboratoire ERPsim n'engagent que la responsabilité de leurs auteurs. Étudiante à la maîtrise, Département de mathématiques et de génie industriel École Polytechnique de Montréal 3 RÉSUMÉ / ABSTRACT In a highly uncertain and dynamic industrial business network, Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems vendors face great challenges to enhance their market position and maximize their profit. Being able to simultaneously determine the right price for an ERP system and to anticipate the diffusion of the system in an industrial sector is a complex task. In this paper, we evaluate the options of developing a price discrimination policy for ERP systems in a business sector governed by a diffusion pattern influenced by the network position of each customer. Based on a real scenario in the automotive industry, the proposed strategy is operationalized through discounts and optimized through a simulation-based model coupled with design of experiment and response surface techniques. Our experimental findings suggest that a segmentation pricing strategy are likely to increase total revenues in network with low initial adoption rates and that price discounts should be adapted according to adoption rates in order to maximize total revenues.


A compact spectrometric tract and software for work as part of a two-channel detecting system for continuous registration of X-ray and gamma radiation in a wide range of energies have been developed. The complex is designed to work with silicon planar uncooled detectors. The software allows you to process information from each spectrometric channel and provide information in the form of a integrated spectrum. The design of the detecting module, which combines low-energy and high-energy detectors in one housing has been developed.


We propose a new method of recognizing mathematical formulae. The method is robust against the recognition errors of characters and the variation of the printing styles of the documents. The outline is as follows: we first construct a network with vertices representing the characters (symbols), linked with each other by several edges with labels and costs representing the possible relations of the pair of characters. The network has multiple edges with different labels and costs representing the ambiguity of the decision of the relation of character pairs. Then, we output the spanning tree of the network with minimum cost which corresponds to the recognition result of the structure of the mathematical formula, using not only the local costs initially attached to the network but the costs reflecting global structure of the formula. The advantage of this method is that local errors of the recognition are recovered automatically by the total cost of the recognition tree.


Oral administration of chlortetracycline to mice before and after 1100 rads whole body x-irradiation resulted in a substantially enhanced survival rate (88%) over nontreated animals. This occurred in spite of severe pancytopenia as illustrated by the depression of marrow DNA and leukocyte values. Antibiotic administration solely in the preirradiation or postirradiation periods produced a smaller increase in survival (56%). The results are attributed to the control of endogenous and exogenous bacterial infection before and after irradiation rather than a radioprotective effect.


Tumor cells alter the surrounding stroma and in turn, the stromal cells may promote cancer progression and invasion. This is carried out by stromal cell like carcinoma-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), tumor associated macrophages (TAMs), endothelial cells (ECs), leucocytes, and bone marrow derived cells. While none of these cells are themselves malignant, owing to their environment and owing to their interaction with each other and directly/indirectly with the cancer cell, they acquire an abnormal phenotype and altered function. In this review paper, we will discuss in detail the various cellular and molecular components of stromal environment, their effect on cancer cells, and aspects of targeting this environment for control of cancer. Introduction Cancer is the number one cause of death in the United States for people less than 75 years old. Every year, more than 11 million people are diagnosed with cancer throughout the world and it may likely increase to 16 million by 2020. In 2005, cancer accounted for 7.6 million deaths from a total of 58 million deaths worldwide 1 . As a result, a re-evaluation of our basic assumptions concerning the nature of cancer and how to better assess risk, prevent, and medically manage is a high priority 2 . Recent advances in tumor biology have revealed that a detailed analysis of the complex interactions of tumor cells with their adjacent microenvironment (tumor stroma) is mandatory in order to understand the various mechanisms involved in tumor growth and the development of metastasis 3 . The tumor microenvironment is an evolving concept that defines the behavior of cancer not by the genetics of the tumor cells alone, but by the surrounding milieu that the tumor cells need for survival, growth, proliferation and metastasis 4 . The stroma consists of a compilation of cells, including fibroblasts/ myofibroblasts, glial, epithelial, fat, immune, vascular, smooth muscle, and immune cells along with the extracellular matrix (ECM) and extracellular molecules. While none of these cells are themselves malignant, due to their environment, their interactions with each other, and directly or indirectly STROMAL PLAYERS IN CARCINOGENESIS 3(2); 2017 91 Journal Of Applied Dental and Medical Sciences 3(2);2017 with the cancer cells, they acquire an abnormal phenotype and altered function. This abnormal interplay consisting of cell–cell contact and active molecular crosstalk further drives the cancer stroma phenotype, and may result in permanent alterations in cell function 5 . CELLS OF THE STROMA Cells within the stroma include fibroblasts, vascular, glial, smooth muscle, epithelial, and fat cells, and cells of the immune system. The most widely studied to date are the fibroblasts, immune cells, and the vascular cells, which we will focus on in this review 5 . Fibroblasts In normal tissue, fibroblasts are the predominant cell type in the connective tissue stroma and are the primary producers of the non-cellular scaffolds— the extracellular matrix (ECM). Fibroblasts are responsible for the deposition of the fibrillar ECM— type I, type III, and type V collagen and fibronectin— and contribute to the formation of the basement membrane by secreting type IV collagen and laminin.5 Quiescent fibroblasts undergo activation and become myofibroblasts during wound healing and fibrosis where both conditions share the requirement for tissue remodeling, as originally described by Giulio Gabbiani in 1971 6 . CANCER-ASSOCIATED FIBROBLASTS (CAFs) These cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are functionally and phenotypically distinct from normal fibroblasts that are in the same tissue but not in the tumor environment. CAFs directly stimulate tumor cell proliferation by contributing various growth factors, hormones and cytokines 7 . CAFs associated with incipient neoplasia exhibit a pro ‐ inflammatory signature, leading them mainly to over express SDF‐1, IL‐6 and IL‐1b, as well as to recruit proangiogenic macrophages and promote tumor growth 8 . Immune cells Monocytes/macrophages, neutrophils, and lymphocytes are recruited to and reside in the tumor stroma 5 . Macrophages exhibit an array of diverse functions that depend on factors encountered in their microenvironment. Their distinct effector phenotypes can be considered as a spectrum ranging from pro‐ inflammatory or host defense (M1), to anti ‐ inflammatory or regulatory (M2) phenotype. The relative balance of macrophage subsets is likely to STROMAL PLAYERS IN CARCINOGENESIS 3(2); 2017 92 Journal Of Applied Dental and Medical Sciences 3(2);2017 influence disease 9 . M1 and M2 polarized macrophages display a number of distinct features 10 . TUMOR-ASSOCIATED MACROPHAGES (TAM) Origin and accumulation of TAMs is by (1) Tumor ‐ derived chemo attractant, later identified as chemokine ligand ‐ 2(CCL2) ‐ which plays a role in their recruitment 11 (2) Molecules such as VEGF, PDGF, TGF‐β and M ‐ CSF are chemotactic for monocytes/ macrophages and also promote macrophage survival and differentiation (primarily M ‐


Many programs exist to increase the purchase and installation of energy-efficient technologies (e.g., rebates for energy-efficient appliances), while programs designed to influence other types of behaviors (e.g., unplugging devices when not in use) are much less common. This is in part because implementers are not sure how to measure these energy-efficient actions and their associated energy savings. However, in order to meet the increasing emphasis on climate change and rising energy efficiency goals, measuring non-purchase-related energy efficiency behavior will be necessary. Luckily, a variety of research methods can be drawn from psychology to reliably measure behaviors, and these methods can be applied to measure behaviors associated with energy efficiency programs. Specifically, a variety of "real-time self-report" methods use diary techniques to assess the frequency of a behavior. Participants can be asked to record their actions on a regular time-interval, after some event occurs, or at a random time determined by a signaling device such as a PDA. These methods are systematic and reliable, and they are useful for increasing accuracy of self-reports because they are less reliant on memory. Furthermore, these same methods can be used to determine the longevity of behavior-based programs; i.e., how long do behavior changes last, and thus how long they can be counted towards energy efficiency goals? This paper provides a discussion of a variety of behavior measurement techniques from the psychology field and suggestions for how they might be applied to behaviorbased energy efficiency programs.


Polytene section 17 of the X chromosome of Drosophila melanogaster, previously known to contain six putative lethal complementation groups important in oogenesis and embryogenesis, has here been further characterized genetically and developmentally. We constructed fcl'Y, a duplication of this region, which allowed us to conduct mutagenesis screens specific for the region and to perform complementation analyses (previously not possible). We recovered 67 new lethal mutations which defined 15 complementation groups within Df (l)N19 which deletes most of polytene section 17. The zygotic lethal phenotypes of these and preexisting mutations within polytene section 17 were examined, and their maternal requirements were analysed in homozygous germline clones using the dominant female sterile technique. We present evidence that an additional gene, which produces two developmentally regulated transcripts, is located in this region and is involved in embryogenesis, although no mutations in this gene were identified. In this interval of 37 to 43 polytene chromosome bands we have defined 17 genes, 12 (7 1%) of which are of significance to oogenesis or embryogenesis. T HE X chromosome is the most extensively characterized portion of the genome of the model higher eukaryote, Drosophila melanogaster. It comprises about 20% of the nuclear genome and deficiencies are available for about 77% (estimated from WIESCHAUS, NUSSLEIN-VOLHARD and JURGENS 1984) and duplications are available for approximately 68% (estimated from EBERL and HILLIKER 1988) of the euchromatic portion of the X chromosome. Euchromatin constitutes about 50% of the mitotic length of the X chromosome and contains 99% of the X chromosome gene loci (see HILLIKER, APPELS and SCHALET 1980). The availability of X chromosome duplications and deficiencies has been invaluable for conducting detailed genetic analyses of specific segments of the X chromosome. Such studies have allowed us to acquire a great deal of information on the nature of genetic organization in D. melanogaster (e.g., JUDD, SHEN and KAUFMAN 1972), and have provided us with mutations that identify gene loci that are important in a variety of biological pathways or phenomena. Of particular interest to us are genes which are important in the regulation of oogenesis and embryogenesis. Some regions of the X chromosome have not been extensively analyzed due to the lack of appropriate duplications. The chromosomal region defined by D f ( l ) N I 9 , essentially polytene section 17, is one of these. Nevertheless, this region of the X chromosome versity of New York. Buffalo, New York 14260. Genetics 1 3 0 569-583 (March, 1992) ' Current address: Department of Biochemical Pharmacology, State Unicontains six putative complementation groups important in the regulation of oogenesis or embryogenesis, namely, unpaired (upd), porcupine (porc), foreclosed cfcl) , fused vu), phantom (phm), and exocephalon (exo) (NUSSLEIN-VOLHARD and WIESCHAUS 1980; WIESand HILLIKER 1988; PERRIMON, ENCSTROM and MAHOWALD 1989), as well as one cloned DNA sequence containing a pair of alternative transcripts which show a highly specific developmentally regulated pattern of expression (NG et al. 1989). Complementation analysis was not possible, however, due to the lack of an appropriate duplication. Therefore, to further characterize the organization of this region we conducted a genetic and developmental analysis of polytene section 17 of the X chromosome. CHAUS, NUSSLEIN-VOLHARD andJURcENs 1984; EBERL MATERIALS AND METHODS Genetic strains: Flies were raised on standard Drosophila media at 18 O , 25' or 29". Table 1 lists and briefly describes the preexisting X chromosome duplications and deficiencies employed in this study. It should be noted that we present revised cytological descriptions for 11 of these rearrangements. Preexisting lethal mutations isolated by other laboratories and fallin within the region analyzed include 1(1)9130 and p ~ r c l ' ~ ~ ' (FERRUS et al. 1990) and ~pd'' '~, upd'"'' and phmXEo7 (WIESCHAUS, NUSSLEIN-VOLHARD and JURGENS 1984) and were obtained from the laboratories in which they were discovered. The os0, Bx, Bx' and f u mutations were obtained from the Bowling Green Drosophila Stock Center. The FM3Iw v lts/@Yy+ strain is described by KOMITOPOULOU et al. (1 983). The X-linked dominant female 570 D. F. Eberl et al.


A weak-story in a multi-story building may cause excessive displacement during a severe ground motion. To prevent this effect, this study proposes an energy dissipation device combined of viscous dampers and displacement controlling limiter. The limiter which has a hardening type force-displacement relationship compensates the low capacity of the structure on the weak-story and provides a uniform ductility distribution among the stories. Considering the mentioned merit of limiter device, an energy-based damper design method was developed to obtain the necessary amount of damper. Technically speaking, damper design requires predicting the structural response accurately, which leads to iterative dynamic response analysis and sophisticated time history analysis. Proposed energy-based method does not require time history analysis as it assumes uniform ductility distribution, which can be obtained by the limiter.


In connection with the ρ-mixing, ρ-mixing, and ρ-mixing conditions for strictly stationary random fields indexed by an integer lattice of dimension at least 2, the simultaneous behavior of the dependence coefficients can be essentially arbitrary, subject to certain unavoidable elementary inequalities.


There are many strategic large-scale masonry structures built on the first cataract of the Nile, which constitute a vital part of Egypt infrastructure. The live load due to traffic was negligible during the design and build of these structures. The monotonically increase of vehicles loads, speeds, as well as the traffic intensities represent major problems of such structures. The full-scale dynamic analysis and testing of barrages can provide important information on the service behaviour and performance of these strategic structures. The modal characteristics of such large-scale masonry structures are so difficult to be obtained experimentally. Large forces are required for exciting the structures and high risk may happen to those strategic infrastructures during field tests. In this paper, finite element model was done and its validity was verified on three physical models to estimate the eigenpairs of arched style masonry structures. Physical scale models are designed manufactured and dynamically analysed using the finite element and tested by using dual channel signal analyser equipped with modal analysis software for the model validation and verification. The finite element model was used, to estimate the eigenpairs of the masonry structure. There is a good agreement between analytical findings and experimental results in both models and structure. The results indicated that modelling process method could be successfully used for characterizing the dynamic performance of large-scale masonry structures without risk of experimental modal analysis.


SiGe epitaxial layers are integrated as an active part in thermal detectors. To improve their performance, deeper understanding of design parameters, such as thickness, well periodicity, quality, and strain amount, of the layers/interfaces is required. Oxygen (2–2500 × 10−9 Torr) was exposed prior or during epitaxy of SiGe/Si multilayers. In this range, samples with 10 nTorr oxygen were processed to investigate layer quality and noise measurements. Temperature coefficient of resistance was also measured to evaluate the thermal response. These results demonstrate sensitivity of SiGe-based devices to size and location of defects in the structure.


This paper reviewed previous studies of Appositional Constructions in the Korean language. This study has three themes: First, general characteristics of the Appositional Constructions and aspect accommodated in Korean. Second, commas and parenthetical phrase usage in Korean Appositional Constructions. third, critical understanding for syntactic construction of Appositional Constructions. The results are as follows. First, Apposition in Korean share the characteristics of the Appositional Constructions as a rule. Second, the appositive maker is a linguistic criteria of reference equivalence. Third, NPs (appositives) in Appositional Constructions are separated not frorm the complex noun phrase, and Appositional Constructions in Korean are the result of integration of the two propositions.


Gd2O3 is a promising host matrix for optical studies due to its low phonon energy, high thermal stability and good chemical durability. A series of Gd2O3 nanophosphors doped with different concentration of Dy3+ was synthesized by chemical precipitation method. The undoped and doped samples were found to be in cubic phase from the X-ray diffraction (XRD) study suggesting that Dy3+ atoms remain in the crystallite lattice of the host. The particle sizes were found to be in the range of 14-21 nm. Photoluminescence emission peak of Dy3+ in doped samples were observed at 487 nm, 575 nm and 672 nm corresponding to the F9/2-H15/2, F9/2-H13/2 and F9/2-H11/2 transition respectively. Effective energy transfer from Gd3+ to Dy3+ was observed yielding efficient emission under UV excitation. The maximum emission intensity was found for 1.5 at.% Dy3+ doped Gd2O3 sample. The enhancement in the emission intensity with the increase of Dy3+ was due to the increase in energy transfer from Gd3+ ions of host to Dy3+ions. The CIE (Commission Internationale de l'e ́ clairage) co-ordinates of the doped samples were found to be very close to that of white light (0.33, 0.33).


This paper argues that worker participation has not evolved out of the humanization of capitalism, as is usually suggested, but has appeared cyclically. These cycles are traced over more than a century and are shown to correspond to periods when management authority is felt to be facing challenge. Participation is thus best understood as a means of attempting to secure labour's compliance. However, the framework of common interests upon which participation is premised is untenable, and in practice the efficiency of such schemes in Britain has been for the most part severely attenuated by the realities of structural conflict.


written by a clinician. Dr. Valentine has largely succeeded in his efforts to write a most readable book on human cytogenetics specifically for a clinical audience. As a result, there is much simplification and a few errors. The book has, however, been completely rewritten and some chapters considerably enlarged-in particular, Chapter 1. This is useful as some background on molecular genetics is essential. The section on the XYY condition is also expanded and is particularly valuable, drawing as it does on Valentine's personal experience with four of these children detected as newborn infants and in particular the difficult problem of what to tell the parents. There is, however, one major criticism; no mention is made anywhere of the international notation for describing chromosome abnormalities which was accepted by an International Conference in Chicago in 1966. This is now accepted and is being used by most major journals and should be known to everyone likely to readthe cytogenetic literature. An appendix giving this would have been desirable. In general the book is well produced and the illustrations good, some of the diagrams may not be as clear as they might have been, but no glaring errors are evident. The book is readable, short enough to be read by a busy clinician and should be compulsory reading for many clinicians who, for the flimsiest of reasons, request karyotypes from their local laboratory; if only a few of these unnecessary requests are eliminated the book will have been justified. The book is a reasonable price and to be recommended to the audience for which it was intended. JoHN L. HAMERTON


Inspired by the empirical wavelet transform method, a newly nonstationary signal analysis method–termed order-statistic filtering Fourier decomposition is proposed in this article. First, order-statistic filtering Fourier decomposition uses order-statistic filtering and smoothing to preprocess the Fourier spectrum of original signal, which resolves the problem of unreasonable boundaries obtained by empirical wavelet transform in segmenting the Fourier spectrum. Then, the mono-components with physical significance are obtained by adaptively reconstructing the coefficient of fast Fourier transform in each interval, which improves the problem of too many false components obtained by Fourier decomposition method. The order-statistic filtering Fourier decomposition method is compared with the existing nonstationary signal decomposition methods including empirical mode decomposition, empirical wavelet transform, Fourier decomposition method, and variational mode decomposition through analyzing simulation signals, and the result indicates that order-statistic filtering Fourier decomposition is much more accurate and reasonable in obtaining mono-components. After that, the order-statistic filtering Fourier decomposition method is compared with the mentioned methods in diagnostic accuracy through analyzing the tested faulty bearing vibration signals and the effectiveness of order-statistic filtering Fourier decomposition to the comparative methods in bearing fault identification are verified.


Depth images have always been playing critical roles for indoor scene understanding problems, and are particularly important for tasks in which 3D inferences are involved. However, since depth images are not universally available, abandoning them from the testing stage can significantly improve the generality of a method. In this work, we consider the scenarios where depth images are not available in the testing data, and propose to learn a convolutional long short-term memory (Conv LSTM) network and a regression convolutional neural network (regression ConvNet) using only monocular RGB images. The proposed networks benefit from 2D segmentations, object-level spatial context, object-scene dependencies and objects' geometric information, where optimization is governed by the semantic label loss, which measures the label consistencies of both objects and scenes, and the 3D geometrical loss, which measures the correctness of objects' 6Dof estimation. Conv LSTM and regression ConvNet are applied to scene/object classification, object detection and 6Dof estimation tasks respectively, where we utilize the joint inference from both networks and further provide the perspective of synthesizing fully rigged 3D scenes according to objects' arrangements in monocular images. Both quantitative and qualitative experimental results are provided on the NYU-v2 dataset, and we demonstrate that the proposed Conv LSTM can achieve state-of-the-art performance without requiring the depth information.


Hipposideros pratti called at higher intensities while keeping the constant frequencies of their echolocation pulses consistent under spectrally non-overlapping background noise conditions. The noise could decrease auditory sensitivity and sharp intensity tuning, suggesting an acoustic masking effect. These results provide further evidence of negative consequences of anthropogenic noise.


One of the major aims of school guidance and counselling programmes is to promote personal growth. A practice which is enjoying continuing attention and is claimed as being a valuable tool for personal growth, is meditation. Could meditation be used profitably in the school situation? This case study reports on the experiences of a high school girl who participated in a three-month Vipassana meditation programme, and documents the personal growth which took place. Some implications of this for school guidance programmes are discussed.


Using flow equations, we derive an effective quark-quark interaction and obtain the coupled set of gap equations for the condensates of the CFL phase of massless N_f=3 dense QCD. We find two different sources of the infrared cutoff in magnetic interaction. When the penetration depth of the magnetic field inside the superconductor is less than the coherence length of quark-quark bound state, our results for the gap agree with those of Son. In the other case, we obtain parametric enhancement of the gap on the coupling constant.


The Thau lagoon, located in southern France, suffers episodically from anoxic crises locally known as 'malaïgue'. Such crises mostly occur under warm conditions, low winds leading to a strong eutrophication of the lagoon. The development of a sulphur bacterium sometimes gives locally to the waters a 'milky turquoise' appearance and leads to shellfish mortality. One of the indicators of the eutrophication status of the lagoon can be surveyed by the chlorophyll product provided by remote sensing images such as Medium Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MERIS). In this paper we compare chl2 (or algal2) estimations provided by MERIS level 2 products and the ground measurements of chlorophyll a concentrations in water and we propose a linear correction of the chl2 MERIS product. The corrected chl2 estimations obtained over four years are analysed to understand the seasonal evolution of the trophic status of the Thau lagoon. We also study the influence of the anoxic crises of summers 2003 and 2006 on the chl2 estimations and we find a strong correlation between chl2 and the oxygen percentage at 1 m depth (0.70 for measurements in summers 2003 and 2006).


The tax gap is the difference between the tax collected and the tax that would be collected if all individuals and companies complied with both the letter and the spirit of the law. The letter of the law is the literal interpretation of tax legislation. The spirit of the law is the intention of Parliament in legislating on tax. In contrast to the letter of the law, which implies a literal legal interpretation of tax liability, the spirit of the law implies a purposive interpretation.


The invention discloses a VPN automatic traversing method in a VPN. In order to solve the problem of incompatibility caused by the VPN and an NAT, by the adoption of the mode that a proxy is arranged on an NAT device, VPN data packages can pass the NAT device without barriers, and intended functions can be achieved without more gibberish, extra devices and large-scale change of an existing device. Meanwhile, the proxy on the NAT device is configured in an automatic discovery mode and an automatic set mode, user participation is not needed, in other words, the arrangement of the proxy is transparent for a user, and therefore user experience is improved.


This study, after education for nursing students through texts on hand washing, PPT materials and practices, will investigated the types of the subjects' attitude toward hand washing and attempt to provide basic data needed for nursing education and nursing practice program. As the methods of this research, Q methodology was applied, and 20 sophomores in the Department of Nursing Science as P-sample from October 8, 2012 to October 15, 2012 were asked to distribute Q-sample of 9-point Q-sample distribution, and the collected data were processed with principal factor analysis method by the PC QUANL program. As a result of the research, their attitude toward hand washing was classified into 3 types. The three factors extracted all had eigenvalues greater than 1.0 and explained approximately 56.67% of the variation in responses 40.41%, 10.14% and 6.11% respectively. Type 1 was the ones with the increased number of hand washing; Type 2 was the ones who recognize the need of hand washing education; and Type 3 was the ones who dry hands after washing. In conclusion, the significance of the classification of the types of the attitude after the hand washing education is that with the development of programmes of nursing education and nursing practice, individualized intervention strategies should be differently provided.


The present invention is particularly advantageous for the fine line correction in the face, which can be highly injection, provides a long-lasting hyaluronic acid-based hydrogels dermal filler composition.


The extent of 1I"-electron interaction in borazine has been investigated by comparing its spectral properties with those of a typical unsaturated molecule, benzene, and benzene's saturated counterpart, cyclohexane. The valence-shell electron energy loss spectrum of borazine is analyzed to reveal the pattern of valence and Rydberg excitations, which is characteristic of a multicenter 1I"-electronchromophore. Though the electronic manifolds of borazine and benzene share a common pattern of Rydberg and valence excitations, the electronic states of borazine do not stand necessarily in a one-to-one relationship with those of benzene. Nonetheless, the magnetic circular dichroism spectra do show that the 7.6-eV band of borazine is closely related to that at 7.0 eV in benzene, both involving doubly degenerate 1I"-electronexcitations. In support of the description of borazine as an unsaturated 1I"-electronsystem, the B Is and N Is inner-shell energy loss spectra of borazine are shown to far more closely resemble the C Is spectrum of benzene than that of cyclohexane. The benzene-like splitting of the 11"*MOs of borazine deduced from the inner-shell spectra is abundantly confirmed by the comparisons of the electron transmission spectrum of borazine with those of benzene and cyclohexane. It is concluded that borazine has a planar D3h structure and a delocalized 1I"-electronsystem much like that of benzene. Were the borazine molecule B3N3H6represented solely by the valence bond structure I in its ground state, it would exhibit the physical properties characteristic of a saturated system. On the other hand, admitting interaction among the 2p1l"orbitals of adjacent Band N atoms leads to structures II and III. Being analogous to the Kekule structures of benzene, structures II and III of borazine imply unsaturated (aromatic) character in the ground state. Consistent with the 1I"-electroninteraction expressed by structures II and III, the B-N distance in borazine (1.44 A) is considerably shorter than the 1.57-1.63 Awhich characterize B-N single bonds.l The molecule is calculated to have a 11"t Johns Hopkins University. tBar Han University. I McMaster University. I University of Maryland. .LAT &T Bell Laboratories. 0002-7863/86/1508-3602$01.50/0 electron resonance energy2 and 1I"-electrondelocalization is said to be evident in the NMR spectra.3 I I 'j.,j/B'N/ ~,B:...~/ I I 1 1\ ""'B, B B~+/B, , N N I I I n I +/B~+...... N N IL 1_ B'N~B....... I


The corresponding author has formally requested to retract the above-titled paper, which was published online on 9 January 2009. Table 1 has been duplicated from a prior publication (Brain 2008;131:3311–3334). The immunoblot image in Fig. 4C has been fabricated, and portions of that image were duplicated from a prior Diabetes article (Diabetes 2008;57:1002–1017; Fig. 6A) without the knowledge of the corresponding author. The immunohistochemical images in Fig. 5 were not from the cohorts of mice indicated, but were taken from older data not representative of the cohorts studied. The author apologizes to the readers of the journal for any inconvenience these issues may have caused.


Passive sonar is used to determine the presence of targets and classify the class of them. Generally, acoustic signals acquired from the passive sonar has been analysed manually by acoustic analysts. However, this approach depends on the personal abilities of acoustic analysts, which makes the analysis process hard and time consuming. To overcome such difficulties, an automatic method is needed for a fast and an accurate analysis. In this paper, we propose an automated tonal detection method which is based on deep learning. The deep neural network is adopted to effectively differentiating between tonal lines and environmental noises. This approach benefits from suppressing noise by picking tonal lines which contain frequency information. The test results showed that the proposed method can be expected to be utilized to develop automatic sonar signal analysis.


Local philosophy and social sciences researches should focus on practical strategy and the local economic construction and social development.Pointed out in this paper are the developmental trend of local philosophy and social sciences researches and the ways and measures of how to improve scientific research management.


1. Introduction 2. Critical Theory: The Early Programme 3. The Public Sphere 4. Communicative Action and Reason 5. Discourse Ethics 6. Democracy, Law and Politics 7. Beyond Traditional Politics Bibliography Index


A simple heterodyne speckle interferometer can be built by slightly modifying a classical laser Doppler velocimeter (LDV) for fluid flows applications. The random character of the speckle scattered by a rough surface is considered for the statistical description of the measured signals as a function of the number of speckle grains collected by the photodetector. Three types of simple demodulators are proposed and demonstrated. In particular, it is shown that the LDV frequency counters can be used without any change to process the continuous frequency modulated signals obtained in a speckle interferometer.


For the Laboratory and staff, 2006 was a year of outstanding achievements. As our many accomplishments in this annual report illustrate, the Laboratory's focus on important problems that affect our nation's security and our researchers breakthroughs in science and technology have led to major successes. As a national laboratory that is part of the Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration (DOE/NNSA), Livermore is a key contributor to the Stockpile Stewardship Program for maintaining the safety, security, and reliability of the nation's nuclear weapons stockpile. The program has been highly successful, and our annual report features some of the Laboratory's significant stockpile stewardship accomplishments in 2006. A notable example is a long-term study with Los Alamos National Laboratory, which found that weapon pit performance will not sharply degrade from the aging effects on plutonium. The conclusion was based on a wide range of nonnuclear experiments, detailed simulations, theoretical advances, and thorough analyses of the results of past nuclear tests. The study was a superb scientific effort. The continuing success of stockpile stewardship enabled NNSA in 2006 to lay out Complex 2030, a vision for a transformed nuclear weapons complex that is more responsive, cost efficient, and highly secure. One ofmore » the ways our Laboratory will help lead this transformation is through the design and development of reliable replacement warheads (RRWs). Compared to current designs, these warheads would have enhanced performance margins and security features and would be less costly to manufacture and maintain in a smaller, modernized production complex. In early 2007, NNSA selected Lawrence Livermore and Sandia National Laboratories-California to develop ''RRW-1'' for the U.S. Navy. Design efforts for the RRW, the plutonium aging work, and many other stockpile stewardship accomplishments rely on computer simulations performed on NNSA's Advanced Simulation and Computing (ASC) Program supercomputers at Livermore. ASC Purple and BlueGene/L, the world's fastest computer, together provide nearly a half petaflop (500 trillion operations per second) of computer power for use by the three NNSA national laboratories. Livermore-led teams were awarded the Gordon Bell Prize for Peak Performance in both 2005 and 2006. The winning simulations, run on BlueGene/L, investigated the properties of materials at the length and time scales of atomic interactions. The computing power that makes possible such detailed simulations provides unprecedented opportunities for scientific discovery. Laboratory scientists are meeting the extraordinary challenge of creating experimental capabilities to match the resolution of supercomputer simulations. Working with a wide range of collaborators, we are developing experimental tools that gather better data at the nanometer and subnanosecond scales. Applications range from imaging biomolecules to studying matter at extreme conditions of pressure and temperature. The premier high-energy-density experimental physics facility in the world will be the National Ignition Facility (NIF) when construction is completed in 2009. We are leading the national effort to perform the first fusion ignition experiments using NIF's 192-beam laser and prepare to explore some of the remaining important issues in weapons physics. With scientific colleagues from throughout the nation, we are also designing revolutionary experiments on NIF to advance the fields of astrophysics, planetary physics, and materials science. Mission-directed, multidisciplinary science and technology at Livermore is also focused on reducing the threat posed by the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction as well as their acquisition and use by terrorists. The Laboratory helps this important national effort by providing its unique expertise, integration analyses, and operational support to the Department of Homeland Security. For this vital facet of the Laboratory's national security mission, we are developing advanced technologies, such as a pocket-size explosives detector and an airborne persistent surveillance system, both of which earned RD clean, abundant energy; better water management; and improved human health. Our annual report highlights the link between human activities and the warming of tropical oceans, as well as techniques for imaging biological molecules and detecting bone cancer in its earliest stages. In addition, we showcase many scientific discoveries: distant planets, the composition of comets, a new superheavy element.« less


The treatment of early onset scoliosis has improved with recent advances in the last ten years. The purpose of this review was to provide the reader with a brief description of the new therapeutic modalities, their indications, and outcomes. In children with a progressive curve that is less than 60 degrees and in whom no surgical treatment has been performed, derotational bracing may be considered; however, the role of bracing is mostly limited to maintenance of correction after surgery. Dual growing rods appear to afford better correction initially, maintenance of correction, increased T1-S1 length, and decreased implant-related issues. However, complication rates remain problematic with younger children, children with neuromuscular disorders or syndromes, and children with a greater degree of curvature having the highest rates. Patient heterogeneity and short follow-up after surgery largely explain the subjectivity of surgical decisions that are not reproducible.


This paper sets out to explore the extent to which the redundancy effect influences the L2 (second language) reading comprehension skills of two groups of learners of different ages and English language proficiency. The participants' L1 (first language) was Spanish. Some of them were teenagers with low-intermediate L2 proficiency level, and the remaining were adults whose command of English was advanced. Each group was divided into two sets, one being exposed to a single mode of instruction (reading alone), while the other to a dual format (reading and listening). The students exposed to the simple presentation format outperformed the other group in a reading comprehension task, independently of their command of the language. Furthermore, when comparing results obtained in both read-only groups (low intermediate and advanced), the older students with higher L2 proficiency level obtained better results. Pedagogical implications of these findings will be discussed.


Recently, quality-of-service routing in dynamic, wireless multi-hop ad hoc networks becomes a hot research topic, and various QoS protocols are proposed Even so, popular QoS routing protocols rarely provide multiple routes. Once links break due to node mobility, establishment of new routes leads to large control overhead and more end-to-end delay. In MANETs to support multimedia applications such as video and voice require an efficient routing protocol and quality of service (QoS) mechanism. Node-Disjoint Multipath Routing Protocol (NDMR) is a practical protocol in MANETs: it reduces routing overhead dramatically and achieves multiple node-disjoint routing paths. In MANETs QoS support is an important issue as best-effort routing is not efficient for supporting multimedia applications. This paper presents a novel adaptation of NDMR, QoS enabled NDMR, which introduces agent-based SLA management. This enhancement allows for the intelligent selection of node-disjoint routes based on network conditions, so fulfilling the QoS requirements of Service Level Agreements (SLAs).


This paper deals with a real-life problem that comes up in the daily management of Service Centres. It is a complex resource allocation and task scheduling problem that has to be solved online in a dynamic and uncertain environment. The uncertainty resides both in the task durations and the task arrival times. It is shown that this problem can be formulated and solved using project scheduling models, algorithms and concepts. To deal with uncertainty, a bi-criteria quality robustness concept in dynamic environments which extends the usual concept of static quality robustness is introduced. Several proactive-reactive scheduling procedures and surrogate measures of robustness are proposed. The computational experiments carried out on more than 700 randomly generated dynamic scenarios indicate that proactive scheduling procedures are able to prepare the predictive schedule to anticipate future infeasibilities.


In the presented paper, the authors focus on the analysis of flow structure in various configurations of a circular-planar SOFC fuel channel. The research was carried out on the premise that a proper channel design would help minimize the thermal stress in the cell, which is affected by the heat generated and consumed by the reforming, water gas-shift and hydrogen consumption reactions. For the measurement process, PIV method was used to calculate the velocity fields, and an extensive error analysis was done to evaluate the accuracy of the calculated velocities.