A knowledge of the MOSFET operating in weak inversion is important for circuits with low leakage specifications. This paper discusses the effect of temperature on the MOSFET in weak inversion. The reciprocal slope<tex>n</tex>of the log I<inf>DS</inf>versus V<inf>GS</inf>relationship between source-drain current I<inf>DS</inf>and gate bias V<inf>GS</inf>may be given by<tex>\frac{1}{(n - 1 - \gamma)^{2}} = \frac{2C\min{ox}\max{2}}{q\epsilon_{s}N_{B}} [\frac{3}{4} \frac{E_{g^{0}}{q} - (\frac{3}{2}\alpha + \frac{k}{q})T]</tex>with<tex>\alpha \equiv (k/q)(38.2 - \ln N_{B} + (3/2) \ln T)</tex>and γ ≡<tex>C_{ss}/C_{ox}</tex>, where C<inf>ox</inf>is the oxide capacitance per unit area, C<inf>ss</inf>the surface states capacitance per unit area,<tex>q</tex>the electronic charge, ε<inf>s</inf>the permittivity of silicon, N<inf>B</inf>the bulk doping concentration,<tex>k</tex>the Boltzmann's constant,<tex>T</tex>the absolute temperature, and<tex>E_{g0}</tex>the extrapolated value of the energy gap of lightly doped silicon at<tex>T = 0</tex>K. This theoretical formula was in good agreement with experimental results in a temperature range of interest.


The effect of feeding bypass fat and yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) supplemented total mixed ration on the growth performance of weaner Surti kids. -: Name of S tudent : -: Major Advisor: SHANKHPAL SACHIN Dr. SUBHASH PARNERKAR DEPARTMENT OF ANIMAL NUTRITION COLLEGE OF VETERINARY SCIENCE AND ANIMAL HUSBANDRY ANAND AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY, ANAND-388 110 The studies were conducted to evaluate the effect of feeding bypass fat and yeast {Saccharomyces cerevisiae) supplemented total mixed ration comprising of 60: 40 concentrates: Jowar hay on the growth performance of weaner Surti kids. Based on the in vitro studies, the improvement in digestibility of DM, OM and maximum gas production; the optimum levels of live yeast {Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and bypass fat was decided as 2% for incorporation in TMR. Twenty-four growing Surti kids of similar body weight were randomly allotted to four groups, six in each and were individually fed for 15 days preliminary feeding and 120 days experimental period to meet their energy and protein requirements as per ICAR (1998) standards. The kids were fed TMR with no bypass fat and yeast (TO; TMR with 2% yeast (T2); TMR with 2% bypass fat (T3) and TMR with a combination of 2% each of yeast and bypass fat (T4) The average daily gain was 63.74 ± 0.54, 80.22 ± 0.38, 67.43 ± 0.68 and 88.50 ± 0.26 g in Ti, T2, T3 and T4 groups, respectively. The treatment groups differed significantly (P<0.01) from each other. The highest gain was in T4 followed by T2, T3 and Ti groups. Similarly, the increase in the body measurements viz. increase in body length (10.00 ± 0.82, 10.83 ± 1.08, 10.83 ± 1.08, 9.67 ± 0.67 and 12.00 ± 0.82 cm), height (15.00 ± 0.58, 16.67 ± 0.67, 14.17 ± 1.19 and 16.33 ± 1.20 cm) and heart girth (15.33 ± 0.67, 16.83 ± 0.75, 15.67 ± 0.49 and 17.33 ± 1.09 cm) of kids in Ti, T2, T3 and T4 groups, respectively, indicating that the gain in body length, height and heart girth was numerically higher in T4 kids compared to Ti, T2 and T3 groups. However, the treatment groups did not differ (P>0.05) from each other significantly. The average daily DMI of experimental kids in Ti, T2, T3 and T4 groups during digestion trial was 603.13 ± 17.04, 625.51 ± 15.48, 615.02 ± 11.89 and 639.40 ± 10.94 g/day and when expressed as kg/lOOkg body wt. was 4.37 ± 0.10, 4.25 ± 0.10, 4.40 ± 0.13 and 4.21 ± 0.09 and the same in terms of g/kg w"^^ was recorded as 84.12 ± 1.37, 84.13 ± 1.32, 84.95 ± 1.82 and 83.00 ± 1.24. The DM intake of experimental kids did not differ significantly (P>0.05). The average digestibility coefficients of nutrients in Ti, T2, T3 and T4 groups for DM (62.24 ± 0.37, 63.90 ± 0.31, 62.82 ± 0.23 and 64.52 ± 0.36%); OM (65.70 ± 0.38, 67.28 ± 0.32, 65.82 ± 0.23 and 67.80 ± 0.36 %); CP (67.37 ± 0.56, 68.34 ± 0.22, 68.14 ± 0.30 and 68.83 ± 0.23%)%); EE (71.05 ± 0.42, 70.90 ± 0.30, 75.68 ± 0.21 and 77.67 ± 0.25%); CF (63.27 ± 0.25, 66.79 ± 0.44, 62.69 ±0.16 and 67.89 ± 0.23%); NDF (56.69 ± 0.39, 60.17 ± 0.23, 57.70 ± 0.21 and 60.24 ± 0.22%); ADF (49.65 ± 0.45, 51.57 ± 0.23, 48.87 ± 0.05 and 50.50 ± 0.33%) and hemi-cellulose (68.37 ± 0.98, 75.63 ± 0.65, 72.76 ± 0.65 and 76.70 ± 0.36%) were significantly (P<0.01) higher in groups supplemented with Saccharomyces cerevisiae alone (T2) and combination of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and bypass fat (T4) group. But the groups did not differ with respect to digestibility coefficient of NFE (65.99 ± 0.68, 67.06 ± 0.54, 65.99 ± 0.35 and 66.95 ± 0.53%). The average DCP content of Ti, T2, T3 and T4 groups (7.34 ± 0.06, 7.34 ± 0.02, 7.42 ± 0.02 and 7.42 ± 0.02 %) were statistically similar, but the TDN content of the T4 group (63.17 ± 0.32) was significantly (P<0.01) higher than Ti (61.46 ± 0.34), T2 (62.54 ± 0.29) and T3 (62.45 ± 0.21) groups which did not differ from each other. The respective cumulative intakes in Ti, T2, T3 and T4 groups during 120 days of DM (72.13 ± 1.83, 74.22 ± 1.89, 73.24 ±1.61 and 74.92 ± 1.47 kg), CP a (11.51 ± 0.29, 11.71 ± 0.30, 11.67 ± 0.26 and 11.78 ± 0.23 kg) and that of TDN (44.35 ± 1.23, 46.42 + 1.25, 45.75 ±1.12 and 47.32 ± 0.90 kg) were statistically (P<0.05) similar. The intake (kg/kg BWG) of kids during experimental period in terms of DM (9.39 + 0.18, 7.68 + 0.19, 9.02 ± 0.17 and 7.02 ± 0.13); CP (1.50 ± 0.03, 1.21 ± 0.03, 1.44 + 0.03 and 1.10 ± 0.02); DC? (0.69 ± 0.02, 0.56 ± 0.01, 0.67 ± 0.01 and 0.52 ± 0.01) were significantly (P<0.01) lower in treatment groups T2, T3 and T4 than the control (Ti), indicating better feed conversion efficiency. However, conversion efficiency in terms of TDN (kg/kg gain) in T2 (4.80 ±0.12) and T4 (4.44 ± 0.08) group was better (P<0.01) than Ti (5.77 ±0.12) and T3, (5.63 ± 0.12) groups which did not differ from each other, respectively. The respective values of Ti, T2, T3 and T4 groups for rumen parameters: pH (6.21, 6.43, 6.38 and 6.59); total N (82.53, 86.45, 84.00 and 88.69 mg/dl); non protein nitrogen (11.40, 12.96, 12.12 and 14.06 mg/dl) and total volatile fatty acids (10.41, 12.25, 11.26 and 13.51 mM/dl) were significantly (P<0.01) different compared to Ti and T3 groups that did not differ from each other. The higher (P<0.01) ruminal ammonia nitrogen concentration (mg/dl) was observed in the control group (21.77) followed by bypass fat group (19.25), however, T2 (16.84) and T4 (15.26) groups did not differ from each other. With respective to TCA precipitable nitrogen (mg/dl) the Tj, T2, T3 and T4 groups (71.13, 73.49, 71.88 and 74.63) did not differ from each other. The blood samples collected during experimental feeding, showed the average the total protein concentration (5.92 ± 0.25, 6.40 ± 0.14 and 6.68 ± 0.18 g/dl) was the highest (P<0.01) in T4 group followed by T2 groups which did not differ either from Ti or T3 group, respectively, The average albumin concentration (4.65 ± 0.20, 4.73 ± 0.06 and 4.67 ± 0.08 g/dl) was higher (P<0.01) in supplemented (T2, T3 and T4) groups as compared to control group however supplemented groups did not differ from each other. Blood glucose (30.42 ±3.14,


The Author points out information lacking in morphological Systematics for evolutionary studies of amphibian taxa, relieving physiological and biochemical analysis as valuable tools of philogenetic interrelationships study.  After a brief mention of Urodela cutaneous secretion, with polypeptides hormone-like structured as chief constituent, and some steroid anuran toxic samples, there is an explanation about chromatographic isolation of indole derivatives. An important conclusion is the participation of 5-hydroxitryptamine in almost all Bufo species cutaneous secretion more concentrated when the species is more primitive; chemical affinities are represented by polygonal graphs; high affinity indexes seem to suggest us remote dispersions in early evolution stages; these affinities are more common between African and Tropical American Species, whereas Middle East and African Bufonidae show a low toxic affinity; Asian Bufonidae are not much analogous in cutaneous secretion composition with New World and African specimens. Actually, chemical analysis suggests some generalizations about philogenetic interrelationships and primitive spreading of early evolution specimens of anura.


Resources-based cities need sustainable development,which can be directly affected by industrial structures.This paper,selecting similarity factor,location quotient and specialization index of industrial structure as major indexes scaling the industrial specialization in resources-based cities,based on a case study of Jiaozuo city,indicates that mining industry prevails in Jiaozuo city and the new industries such as electricity,gas and water are forming concentration with a notable predominance in the whole province.The key point shall be construction and manufacturing,and highlight the industrial structures as an industrial feature.


A chitosan (CS) based nanoparticles simultaneously loaded with (–)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and ferulic acid (FA) was synthesized via ionic gelation reaction between chitosan and sodium tripolyphosphate and subsequent modification by genipin. Average particle size, chemical structure, morphology, rheological properties, entrapment efficiency, in vitro anti-oxidative and tyrosinase inhibitory activity of CS nanoparticles were investigated. Results showed that the nanoparticles showed an ellipsoidal shape with an average diameter of 412.3 ± 3.5 nm, and zeta potential of 35.47 ± 0.90 mV with high DPPH and ABTS·+ scavenging ability. The entrapment efficiency of EGCG and FA were 46.0 ± 1.32% and 46.8 ± 1.64% in the nanoparticles, respectively. Cytotoxicity experiment on NIH 3T3 fibroblast cells reveals that CS based NPs show no toxic effects with concentration less than 200 mg/mL–1. Meanwhile, the nanoparticles improved cell viability from ~65% to 105% and ameliorated the morphological damage by H2O2. Moreover, it showed a higher tyrosinase inhibitory activity compar-ing with blank NPs without bioactives and a commonly used bioactive compound kojic acid (P < 0.05), suggesting the good skin repair and whitening effects of nanoparticles. This research would provide new insights and basis for the designation of novel particles which can be applied as Pickering stabilizers loaded with dual bioactive agents with beneficial activities.


Several penicillins have been found to have pro-antinociceptive properties and also to be enkephalinase (neutral endopeptidase-24.11) inhibitors, carfecillin being the most potent. Carfecillin i.c.v. (but not i.p.) had significant antinociceptive activity in the mouse tail immersion test and completely suppressed abdominal constrictions (acetic acid) in mice (IC5,, = 23pg/animal). In combination with (D-Ala2-D-leuS)-enkephalin (DADL) i.c.v. in the abdominal constriction test the complete protection observed was reversed by the opioid receptor antagonist naltrexone. Carfecillin was a competitive inhibitor of enkephalinase from mouse brain striata (IC50 = 207 + 57nM, cf thiorphan 10.6 1.9nM) but did not inhibit other known enkephalin- degrading enzymes. Carfecillin provides a new lead structure for the development of more potent enkephalinase inhibitors.


Psychoanalytical initial interviews were monitored by cameras while, at the same time, both the patient's and the doctor's ECGs were telemetrically recorded. Changes of heart rate were related to intr


Permanent magnet brushless DC motors (PMBLDC) have started finding a wide applications in industries because of their high power density and simplicity of control. The BLDC motor consists of a permanent-magnet rotor, and the stator windings are wound in a such a way that the back electromotive force (EMF) is trapezoidal in nature and hence requires rectangular-shaped phase currents for Stator to provide a constant torque. The trapezoidal back EMF shows that the mutual inductance between the stator and rotor is nonsinusoidal. Therefore, there are no particular advantage in transforming the machine equations into the well-known d-q equations, which is generally done in the case of electrical machines with sinusoidal back EMF's like PMSM. this paper also presents a Hybrid Fuzzy Proportional Integral controller for the speed control of Brushless DC (BLDC) motor. A fuzzy controller provides better speed response for start-up while PI controller has good compliance over variation of load torque but has slow settling response. Hybrid controller has an benefit of integrating the superiority of these two controllers for better control performances. In this paper, the conventional PI controller is integrated with Fuzzy Logic controller to make hybrid control system with merits of both. The comparative study between PI, Fuzzy, and Fuzzy-PI controller is also shown in the paper. The various dynamic characteristics of BLDC Motor are analyzed for variation in load torque conditions through simulations.


Objective: This study aimed to investigate the advantages and disadvantages between two methods of fabricating ossicles specimen. Methods: Two kinds of fabricating ossicles methods, including 4 cases of anterior inferior approach and 40 cases of tympanic approach, were compared. Results: The experiment showed that the whole auditory ossicles can be displayed from different angles and the relative spatial position in tympanic cavity can be observed by both methods. The first method is easier to operate but will damage more tissues, and the incus body and the dump of incus are exposed incompletely. In the later way auditory ossicles are exposed completely, but are susceptible to break the auditory ossicles. Conclusions: It is better to adopt the method via the roof of tympanum to display the whole auditory ossicles. To operate easily, it is better to choose the way via the relatively protuberant area of the anterior and inferior wall.


Objectives To analyze the behavior of the ultrasonic videodensitometric parameter for various subgroups of a hypertensive population; first according to the severity of ( LVH group A, without LVH; group B, with mild-to) moderate LVH; and group C, with severe LVH and second according to geometric adaptation of left ventricle to pressure-volume overload of essential ( hypertension group NG, normal geometry; group CR, concentric remodeling; group CH, concentric ) hypertrophy; and group EH, eccentric hypertrophy .


. To indicate the statistical complexity of dynamical systems, we introduce the notions of higher order irregular set and higher order maximal Birkhoff average oscillation in this paper. We prove that, in the setting of topologically mixing Markov chain, the set consisting of those points having maximal k -order Birkhoff average oscillation for all positive integers k is as large as the whole space from the topological point of view. As applications, we discuss the corresponding results on a repeller.


CAFOs have only been around for a relatively short time. Because of their explosive growth, we tend to forget that CAFOs are still a quasi-experimental approach to animal rearing—an attempt to use an industrial model to gain economies of scale in a manner that violates the basic requirements for generating those economies. To compensate for this weakness, CAFOs are designed to capture subsidies, not economies of scale, and it is important to note that they do not have a record of being able to adapt to fundamental changes in economic conditions. In fact, it is extremely doubtful CAFOs could have survived the last 25 years without heavy government intervention and without a virtual holiday from the enforcement of all government regulations that affected their operations.


The collared peccary (Tayassu tajacu) is a highly social ungulate possessing a large dorsal scent gland located 15-20 cm anterior to the base of the tail. The gland is ca. 10 cm long, 8 cm wide, and contains a centrally located nipple-like opening 10-15 mm in diameter. The gland emits a strong musky odor (Werner et al., 1952) and is used in social functions. The "mutual rub," when two peccaries stand head to tail and vigorously rub the side of the head over the dorsal gland of the partner (Bissonette, 1976; Schweinsburg and Sowls, 1972), constitutes ca. 12% of all behaviors and 59% of all olfaction-related behaviors (Byers, 1985). In addition, the gland functions in herd recognition and cohesion (Byers, 1985) and in scent marking (Sowls, 1984). General histology and morphology of the gland were described previously (Epling, 1956; Werner et al., 1952). Activity of sebaceous tissue located around the nipple in the peccary gland may be increased by androgens, as is found in other species (e.g., hip glands of male voles, Microtus montanus-Jannett, 1978; rump glands of Guinea pigs, Cavia porcellus-Martan, 1962), and Balakrishnan et al. (1984) found that progesterone may increase activity in sudoriferous tissue (located peripherally to the sebaceous tissue in the peccary gland). Estradiol (Ebling, 1976), estrogen (Balakrishnan et al., 1984), testosterone (Balakrishnan et al., 1984; Jannett, 1978), and adrenaline (Miiller-Schwarze, 1983) have been linked specifically to changes in scent-gland activity in various species. Age, sex, and individual differences also may affect gland function in caribou (Tarandus tarandus-Quay, 1955) and white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus-Atkeson and Marchinton, 1982). In peccaries, blood concentrations of testosterone in captive subordinate males were significantly lower than those of the alpha male (Hellgren, 1984), and both blood progesterone and estradiol-17fi concentrations were significantly affected by pregnancy (Hellgren et al., 1985). Such changes in hormone concentrations may alter activity in either or both the sebaceous and sudoriferous components of the dorsal scent gland, resulting in variation in fluid composition. Tembrock (1968) suggested that changes in fluid composition may convey different information to mammalian herd members depending on physiological condition. In this study, we compare overall gland activity, differences in heights of active and inactive sudoriferous secretory cells, and relative activity levels of sebaceous tissue of juveniles <10 days old, males, and pregnant and nonpregnant females. We obtained 23 scent glands from captive peccaries at Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, from May 1982 to September 1984 from four males, seven pregnant and five nonpregnant females, and seven juveniles <10 days old. Glands were obtained from animals that died from natural causes. Glands were fixed in formalin, dehydrated in alcohol, cleaned in xylene, and embedded in paraffin. We obtained vertical cross-sections (4-7 gm) of adult peccary glands from the nipple region, parasagittally and crosswise. Because of the small size of the juvenile glands, we cross-sectioned them horizontally, from surface down to dermis. We stained all sections with hematoxylin and eosin and examined them under the microscope. We examined one slide from each section for each animal (two randomly picked slides per peccary). We determined activity levels of the apocrine region by counting the number of active and inactive tubule groups on each slide to estimate overall activity of the gland. To compare heights of active and inactive cells in the sudoriferous tissue, we measured and averaged the heights of 20 active and 20 inactive cells from each peccary to determine mean cell heights. To compare relative sebaceous gland activity, we counted the number of sebaceous sacs (alveoli)/1,000 am in three randomly selected locations per slide for sections containing sebaceous tissue to determine mean activity levels of sebaceous glands. Means for each sex and age group were compared by use of a general linear models analysis of variance (SAS Institute, Inc., 1985a), and differences in means were identified by use of Duncan's new multiple-range test. Means and SE were generated by use of a means procedure (SAS Institute, Inc., 1985b). No differences in the heights of active and inactive cells existed among groups (Table 1). Differences in


This research project proposes to analyze the teaching practice developed by music teachers in the education of disabled children included in basic education schools in Olinda-PE. Being case study employed as a strategy, its methodology will be based on observations, interviews and document analysis. The theoretical framework will address concepts related to teaching practice, inclusion and inclusive musical education.


To improve the power-durability of RF-band SAW filters, single-crystal Al/Ti electrode films were successfully grown on 64°Y-X LiNbO3 substrates by the electron-beam vapour deposition technique. The time to failure of the single-crystal Al/Ti electrodes became approximately 680 times longer than that of Al-Cu alloy electrodes.


The main purpose of this paper is to establish the existence of fundamental periods of primitive cusp forms of Hilbert modular type of several variables, as well as the relationship between those fundamental periods and the special values of the associated L-functions. These results, together with some recent results of Shimura, give us the means of translating with ease results concerning periods of automorphic forms derived from various points of view. We also verify several conjectures of Shimura on the properties of such fundamental periods.


Millennials has been a word of mouth of everybody and a target market of various companies nowadays. In the Philippines, they comprise one third of the total population and most of them are still in school. Having a good education system is important for this generation to prepare them for better careers. And a good education system means having quality instruction as one of the input component indicators. In a classroom environment, teachers use facial features to measure the affect state of the class. Emerging technologies like Affective Computing is one of today's trends to improve quality instruction delivery. This, together with computer vision, can be used in analyzing affect states of the students and improve quality instruction delivery. This paper proposed a system of classifying student engagement using facial features. Identifying affect state, specifically Millennial Filipino student engagement, is one of the main priorities of every educator and this directed the authors to develop a tool to assess engagement percentage. Multiple face detection framework using Face API was employed to detect as many student faces as possible to gauge current engagement percentage of the whole class. The binary classifier model using Support Vector Machine (SVM) was primarily set in the conceptual framework of this study. To achieve the most accuracy performance of this model, a comparison of SVM to two of the most widely used binary classifiers were tested. Results show that SVM bested RandomForest and Naive Bayesian algorithms in most of the experiments from the different test datasets.


Before the political and scholarly rediscovery of ethnicity during the past decade, American observers tended to overlook the lingering homeland influences in the lives of this country's immigrant ethnic groups. Scholars here were the world's experts on the consequences which follow international migration: alienation, acculturation, and assimilation. But like their dean, Oscar Handlin, they stressed not the "roots" but the uprootedness of their subjects. According to this tradition, the migrants, torn suddenly from Old World surroundings, had been able to bring with them only a few flimsy pieces of "cultural baggage," the equivalent of the fragile-looking wicker hampers and precariously bulging cloth bundles with which the newcomers were photographed at Ellis Island but with which they rarely were seen again.


With the promulgation and implementation of "the decision of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress on forensic appraisal administration",forensic appraisal institutions are advancing in the direction of socialization,i.e.,privatization.From the practice of the past two years,although some progress has been made,there have also been a lot of problems,particularly the conflict between the institution's tendency of maximizing profits and the society's request of serving public welfare.It is now an urgent issue to construct independent and impartial forensic appraisal institutions.This paper starts with the analysis on the status quo of forensic appraisal after the enactment of the Decision mentioned above,dissects the main characteristics and existing problems of Chinese forensic appraisal institutions from a practical angle,tries to define the nature of the forensic appraisal institutions to certain extent,and argues that in order to rebuild the authority and enhance the credibility of forensic appraisal,it is necessary to establish institutions under a comprehensive structure consisting of national,provincial,city,and county institutions specializing in forensic appraisal.


KEY FINDINGS
Data from the National Vital Statistics System, Mortality. Death rates for centenarians increased from 2000 through 2008 and then decreased through 2014 for both males and females. Death rates for centenarians increased from 2000 through 2006 for the Hispanic population and from 2000 through 2008 for the non- Hispanic white and black populations, and subsequently decreased through 2014 for all racial and ethnic groups examined. The top five causes of death among centenarians in 2014 were heart disease, Alzheimer's disease, stroke, cancer, and influenza and pneumonia. Death rates for Alzheimer's disease increased 119% between 2000 and 2014 among centenarians.


For almost fifteen years the author has helped women and couples to prepare for childbirth, both physically and emotionally, as a therapist and doula. She has witnessed a variety of social circumstances, both natural and high-tech birth experiences and hundreds of couples making the transition to parenthood. In this context, it became to increasingly apparent over time that sexuality in pregnancy was a particularly repressed subject in the United Kingdom, not just within the couple dynamic but also amongst maternity healthcare providers. There is still little support or education offered to the pregnant or post-natal couple to help to normalize their concerns and fears about the changes in their sexual relationship. Indeed there is comparatively little research done about sex in pregnancy or the impact of sexuality on childbirth (Foux, 2008). This review aims to firstly explore what currently exists versus what is needed within the healthcare system to support and sexually educate the pregnant couple through the transition to parenthood. In particular, the role of the health provider in the communication and normalization of sexuality in pregnancy will be discussed as well as issues regarding how to make this service more effective and available to the general public. Secondly, the impact of "missed" sexual dysfunction in pregnancy will be considered and the long-term implications with regard to child birth, relationship longetivity and the provision of positive sexual role models for children. The review will further explore how the maternity healthcare service could become a more integrated resource for its clients (Foux, 2007).


Copper deficiency prevents the assembly of functional CCO; however it was found that both the apoprotein and porphyrin a are synthesized and integrated into the mitochondrial membrane. When copper-deficient cells are grown in copper-supplemented medium in the presence of (/sup 14/C)delta-aminolevulinic acid, precursor of hemes (Hms) and porphyrins (Porphs), and either chloramphenicol (Cm, inhibitor of mitochondrial protein synthesis) or cycloheximide (CHI, inhibitor of cytoplasmic protein synthesis), the amount of labeled Hms and Porphs is respectively 64% and 5.5% of the control value. When isolated mitochondria from cells grown in the presence of Cm or CHI are solubilized and incubated with antibodies against CCO, radioactivity is found to be associated with the immunoprecipitate. HCl fractionation of Hms and Porphs from the mitochondria and immunoprecipitate shows that a significant amount of radioactivity is extracted with 20% HCl which is the HCl number of porphyrin a. Data indicate that the formation of functional CCO depends on the assembly of holoenzyme, so that ferrochelatase incorporates iron into porphyrin a.


In vivo intestinal absorption of iron in rat is greatly enhanced by Lactose and D-Xylose. Both sugars are also able to increase the amount of iron bound to the red cell membrane in the animal. Similar effects have been noted when using human normal red cells. Lactose of D-Xylose are able to convert into an active transport curve the linear diffusion curve which is noted when iron is used without any ligand. It is possible to quantify the effect of both sugars on the flux of iron towards the red cell membrane.


Sullivan, Soldier, aged 22, of a robust constitution, after lying on the ground in a state of free perspiration and fatigue after violent exercise, was attacked, April 11th, with acute pain in the right sidef tender ness on pressure between the ribs; respiration frequent and very painful; great thirst; tongue furred; pulse 105 and hard. Received into Hospital, under charge of Surgeon R. C. Wood, U. S Army; bleeding generally and topically, at once resorted to, with cathartics and diaphoretics. 12th, a. m. Pain Subsided, Pulse 90, Respiration 40, — p. m., Pain returned with great violence; suffocative respiration. Copious vene section and cupping repeated, with great relief. Physical s'gns—dulness up to the level of the nipple, anteriorly on the right side; above this sonorous rale anteriorly and posteriorly.* When lying on the left side inclining toward his face, the resonance of the lateral division of that side below axilla, good; on changing his position and lying on the back per cussion over the regions just mentioned, yielded a flat sound. The act of moving, produces acute stitch ; speaks with difficulty from the same cause. Diagnosis— Pleuritis with effusion, 14th. Entirely free from pain; pulse small; great prostration ; was bled freely last evening for recurrence of severe pain. He has lost about 72 oz. of blood by venesection and cupping. Large blister over right anterior chest, yesterday. Physical signs ; vesication prevented examination anteriorly;


This paper covers the most commonly used means to charge road users, including fuel taxes, vehicle taxes, vignettes and tolls. It presents a brief survey of road user charging systems in selected European countries and a more detailed overview of current status and perspectives of road user charges in Poland. Consideration is also given to private financing of roads through different forms of public-private partnerships (PPP), including a review of potential applications of the World Bank toolkit for PPP in highways as an instrument to help decision makers and practitioners to define the best PPP approach for a specific country.


International forensic science activity in modern realities is becoming increasingly popular and characterized by increasing globalization processes in international relations, creation of a single information space, in which transnational relations of human rights and law enforcement organizations and forensic institutions, as well as individual forensic experts and scientists specializing in forensic science and forensic science activity.
This article purpose is to consider standardization and accreditation procedures (as the main areas of international cooperation in the field of forensic science activity in the context of globalization) and key tools for recognizing research results and forensic expert conclusions. Emphasis is placed on the fact that application of international standards in the field of forensic science is a priority that contributes to increasing reliability, transparency and confidence in forensic evidence and conclusions made by forensic expert.
It was emphasized that one of the important factors in improving efficiency of forensic science at the international level is cooperation with the European Network of Forensic Science Institutes (ENFSI) whose main activity is to improve information exchange of in forensics and improve of forensic science quality. Certain steps are proposed on the way for ensuring forensic expert independence, improving quality of forensic expert conclusions provided and effectiveness of forensic science activity in general.


Nitrogen-14 double-irradiation techniques have been used to detect coupling between the labile proton and the nitrogen nucleus α to the phenyl ring in 1-phenylazo-2-naphthols. The 14N chemical shift of the nitrogen nucleus concerned has been measured for various substituents on the phenyl ring. Quantitative estimates of the amounts of hydroxyazo- and hydrazone tautomers have been obtained. The factors governing the observed errors associated with the 14N chemical shift measurements have been discussed.


We demonstrate the smallest FinFET SRAM cell size of 0.063 µm2 reported to date using optical lithography. The cell is fabricated with contacted gate pitch (CPP) scaled to 80 nm and fin pitch scaled to 40 nm for the first time using a state-of-the-art 300 mm tool set. A unique patterning scheme featuring double-expose, double-etch (DE2) sidewall image transfer (SIT) process is used for fin formation. This scheme also forms differential fin pitch in the SRAM cells, where epitaxial films are used to merge only the tight pitch devices. The epitaxial films are also used for conformal doping of the devices, which reduces the external resistance significantly. Other features include gate-first metal gate stacks and transistors with 25 nm gate lengths with excellent short channel control.


Cloud detection plays an essential part in optical remote sensing data processing. Cloud detection technology has made significant progress, with the rapid development of deep learning technology in image processing. Then, Since Transformer has excelled in the image semantic segmentation task, researchers have begun experimenting with introducing Transformer into cloud detection tasks to tackle the difficulties in acquiring information on the ground due to the cloud cover. Compared to other detection problems, cloud detection is difficult to obtain large amounts of annotated data for training models because of poor interpretability and fewer applications. In order to solve these problems, in this paper, we propose a cloud detection method based on scene synthesis and Transformer. To address the difficulty of thin cloud scenarios with small amounts of data, we segmented the cloud target by multi-channel merged region growing algorithm after Gabor filtering, and then randomly embeded the cloud scene into reasonable regions to synthesize the cloud detection dataset. In addition, we designed a Trans-CloudNet with combination loss to improve the class imbalance problem in the training data by increasing the inter-class weight coefficients while comparing the image similarity. Experiments demonstrate that the method we proposed has excellent performance on thin cloud detection.


Device for measuring (1) the intensity (I) of an electric current, comprising at least one magnetic circuit (3) arranged near an electric conductor (2) crossed by a current to be measured to channel the field magnetic induced around said conductor by the current to be measured, at least one electric coil (4) associated with said magnetic circuit (3) to supply a voltage proportional to that derived from the intensity (I) of the current that it is going to be measured, and at least one treatment module of this voltage to supply a measured intensity value, said magnetic circuit (3) being open and delimiting at least two wide air gaps (E), each air gap being closed by an electric coil (4), so that said magnetic circuit (3) and said electric coils (4) delimit a closed path (C) for the circulation of said magnetic field, characterized in that said coils (4) arranged in said air gaps (E) are made in the form of printed circuits (40) comprising turns (41) engraved on a substrate parallel to each other and perpendicular to the direction of circulation of said magnetic field, and because said coils ( 4) arranged in said air gaps (E) occupy more than one third of said closed path (C).


Nowadays, beside burgeoning industrialization, modern agriculture is also polluting environment through using assorted agro-chemicals especially pesticides. This continuity will not be clogged if the millions of farmers, who actually carryout the agricultural operations in the fields, do not perceive the consequence of frequent and heavy use of pesticide and behave accordingly. Hence, the present study is conducted to determine the level of farmers' perception about harmful effects of pesticides on environment. Attempt has also taken to analyze some socio-economic characteristics that influence farmers' perception. Data were collected from 180 farmers of Dhaka district, Bangladesh through a face to face interview in September to November 2009. Results showed that an overwhelming majority (86.1 %) of the farmers had low to medium level of perception; while only 13.9% farmers had high perception regarding adverse effects of pesticides on environment. Results of linear regression analysis indicated that extension contact, experience in vegetable farming, education and training on integrated pest management (IPM) are the four factors that significantly influence the farmers' perception. It is concluded that if policy makers and extension organizations concentrate on these factors, then farmers' will be more aware about the adverse effects of pesticides which is affirmative for sustainable environment as well as sustainable agricultural production.


Magneto-Science, a new science of materials using magnetic fields, is recently being developed all over the world. Magneto-Science concerns mainly feeble magnetic materials such as soft matter, car...


Geological heritage, the non-renewable geological natural heritage, is formed by inside and outside geological forces and is a special natural tourism resource with educational function. Using the Delphi and AHP methods to evaluate the geological heritage can make up for the shortcomings of AHP, the choice of factors and the determining of weights will be more scientific and objective. In this paper, the geological heritage resources comprehensive evaluation index system is established by using the methods, this system reflects that the natural occurrence of resource dominates its development value, "Value property" reflects the popular features and development benefits of geological heritage resources and "Development Conditions" is also essential external factors to resource quality. With Hubei EnShi Tenglongdong and Grand Canyon Geopark as an example, an empirical assessment of karst geological heritage in the study area is researched by the authors, the results show that it conform to reality, thereby proving that the use of Delphi and AHP methods to the evaluation of geological heritage resources is feasible.


In this article stated the results of the empirical research devoted to studying of interrelation between tendency to a stress and individual and psychological features of the personality. The empirical base of research made 60 people, of them 30 men and 30 women aged from 25 till 35 years. Individual and psychological features were studied by means of R. B. Kettell's questionnaire, tendency to a stess was investigated with use of the adapted J. Dzhenkinson's technique. The statistical analysis of the obtained data was carried out by means of the software package of SPSS 17.0, the correlation analysis according to Pearson and Styudent's t-criterion was used. As a result of research it is established that both for men, and for women tendency to a stress is positively connected with such quality of the personality as sociability. Men which personality is characterized by such properties as are more inclined to a stress: concern, pragmatism, conservatism.


The two novel aza-oxa cryptands 16,21-dimethyl-4,7,10-trioxa-1,13,16,21-tetraazabicyclo[11.5.5]-tricosane (L1) and 19,24-dimethyl-4,7,10,13-tetraoxa-1,16,19,24-tetraazabicyclo[14.5.5]hexacosane (L2) can bind in aqueous solution Li+ or Na+ as well as Cu2+, Zn2+ or Cd2+. The co-ordination features of the above receptors have been studied in aqueous solution by potentiometric (298.1 or 318.1 K. I= 0.15 mol dm–3) and spectroscopic (1H and 13C NMR and UV/VIS) techniques. In the case of Cu2+, Zn2+ and Cd2+ both the thermodynamic and spectroscopic data are in accord with the metal centres co-ordinated by the tetraaza moiety of the receptor. The co-ordination sphere is completed by binding water molecules or an oxygen of the polyoxa chain. The crystal structures of [CuL1][ClO4]2·0.4MeOH and [CuL2(H2O)][ClO4]2 have been determined. In the former the metal ion is bound by the four nitrogens and by an oxygen donor of the ligand, giving rise to a rather distorted square-pyramidal co-ordination geometry. In the latter the four nitrogen atoms of the ligand are again involved in the co-ordination to the metal ion; the resulting geometry is fairly distorted square-pyramidal, with the fifth co-ordinative position occupied by the oxygen of a water molecule. The Cu(H2O) unit is encapsulated inside the molecular cavity, stabilized by hydrogen bonds between the water molecule and the four oxygens of the receptor. Consequently the Cu–O distance is remarkably short (2.09 A). This complex can lose the co-ordinated water molecule both in non-aqueous solution and in the solid state. The acidic dissociation of the Cu2+ complexes has also been studied in 1 mol dm–3 HClO4 at different temperatures and the rate constants and activation parameters determined.


The climatization of buildings is discussed intensively in recent years, due to rising prices of conventional energy sources and problems with peak electricity demand. The application of PCM, which allow an efficient storage of cold at temperature differences of only a few °C is here a promising solution strategy. First products for the building sector have become available recently.


Summary: Thirty-six hypertensive patients with impaired renal function entered a long-term study to assess the safety of perindopril. There were 28 men and 8 women of mean age 57.1 × 2.0 years (mean × SEM). The duration of documented hypertension was 7.3 × 1.2 years. Perindopril was given orally in single daily doses. The initial dosage was chosen according to the degree of renal function impairment: 29 patients received 4 mg o.d. [creatinine clearance (CIα), 42.2 × 3.2 ml × min 1] and 7 patients received 2 mg o.d. (Clcr), 22.3 × 3.1 ml × min 1). Patients in whom blood pressure was not controlled had their dose doubled and then, if necessary, an additional diuretic therapy was added at subsequent visits. Six patients were withdrawn for adverse events (myocardial infarction, pneumonia, leucopenia in a patient who had lupus, diabetes mellitus, skin rash, epigastric pain), two patients were withdrawn for poor compliance, and three for personal convenience. The mean duration of treatment was 10.2 months with a range of 3–12 months (excluding one patient who died from myocardial infarction in the first days of the study and was not included in the analysis). Systolic and diastolic blood pressure decreased significantly (from 170.5/100.6 × 3.4/1.8 mm Hg to 151.8/88.8 × 3.0/1.7 mm Hg, n = 35, p < 0.001). Baseline and final values of plasma creatinine (from 223.7 × 22.7 to 234.7 × 28.5 μmol/I), Clcr (42.5 × 3.2 to 45.7 × 4.6 ml × min 1), and kalemia (from 4.4 × 0.1 to 4.7 × 0.1 mmol/L) were not statistically different. Proteinuria decreased significantly (from 1.88 × 0.56 to 0.86 × 0.23 g/24 h: p < 0.01). Only minor side effects were recorded. In this study perindopril was shown to be efficient and well tolerated in hypertensive patients with renal failure.


A transverse-mode controlled distributed feedback (DFB) GaInAsP/AlGaAs laser with a ridge-waveguide structure emitting at 671 nm in wavelength, fabricated by two-step liquid phase epitaxy was demonstrated for the first time. The third order grating with 2910 Å period on the GaInP guide layer was employed for the light feedback. Fundamental transverse mode operation in TE was observed at the current level more than 1.3 times the threshold. The DFB mode operation in a single longitudinal mode was maintained in the temperature range of 35°C, with a lasing wavelength shift as small as 0.04 nm/deg.


The chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes verus) of the Nimba Mountains, Guinea, West Africa, commonly make both elaborate ("night") and simple ("day") nests on the ground. In this study we investigated which factors might influence ground‐nesting in this population, and tested two ecological hypotheses: 1) climatic conditions, such as high wind speeds at high altitudes, may deter chimpanzees from nesting in trees; and 2) a lack of appropriate arboreal nesting opportunities may drive the chimpanzees to nest on the ground. In addition to testing these two hypotheses, we explored whether ground‐nesting is a sex‐linked behavior. Data were collected monthly between August 2003 and May 2004 along transects and ad libitum. To identify the sex of ground‐nesting individuals, we used DNA extracted from hair samples. The results showed that the occurrence and distribution of ground nests were not affected by climatic conditions or a lack of appropriate nest trees. Support was found for the notion that ground‐nesting is a sex‐linked behavior, as males were responsible for building all of the elaborate ground nests and most of the simple ground nests sampled. Elaborate ground nests occurred mostly in nest groups associated with tree nests, whereas simple ground nests usually occurred without tree nests in their vicinity. These results suggest that ground‐nesting may be socially, rather than ecologically, determined. Am. J. Primatol. 69:1–13, 2007. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


For the problem of 5G network planning, a certain number of locations should be selected to build new base stations in order to solve the weak coverage problems of the existing network. Considering the construction cost and some other factors, it is impossible to cover all the weak coverage areas so it is necessary to consider the business volume and give priority to build new stations in the weak coverage areas with high business volume. Aimed at these problems, the clustering of weak point data was carried out by using k-means clustering algorithm. With the objective function as the minimization of the total construction cost of the new base stations, as well as the constraints as the minimal distance between adjacent base stations and the minimal coverage of the communication traffic, the single-objective nonlinear programming models were established to obtain the layout of macro and micro base stations in order to illustrate the impact of the shape of the station coverage area, the circular and the "shamrock" shaped coverage areas were compared in this paper. For the "shamrock" base station, a secondary clustering was undertaken to judge the main directions of the three sector coverage areas. Then, an improved model taking the coverage overlapping into consideration was proposed to correct the coverage area of different sectors. Finally, the optimal layout was obtained by adjusting the distribution of all base stations globally. The results show that the optimal planning method proposed in this paper has good practicability, which also provides a very good reference for solving similar allocation problems of dynamic resources.


National and regional innovation systems are being formed in Ukraine. In the era of global transformations, innovations become the main factor in increasing the efficiency of industrial enterprises of the region in order to ensure its competitiveness. The solution to this problem requires a comprehensive analysis and rethinking of existing approaches, the creation of theoretical foundations for ensuring the effective development of industrial enterprises in the region. The activity of corporate structures in creating new innovations and effective communications for their transfer becomes a factor of economic development, increasing the competitiveness of the region. The cost of modern products is determined not only by the costs of material production, but also by research and development works, which, in turn, can be an innovative component of the development of industrial enterprises. The use of innovations makes it possible to increase not only the efficiency of individual components of the corporate structure, but also, if proper attention is paid to integration processes, of the entire corporate management system. This determines the increased interest of society, in particular scientists and practitioners, in the ways of effective formation of the corporate innovation management system of an industrial enterprise.
The following tools can be used to stimulate the modernization of industry in order to ensure the competitiveness of the region on the basis of innovations: the formation of the sales market for competitive products and services using mechanisms that regulate the purchase of domestic science-intensive products for state needs; stimulation of investments in the modernization of industry based on innovations by improving the mechanisms of partial financing of large innovative projects by the state and private business; motivation of enterprises to adopt innovations on the basis of incentives for domestic enterprises to purchase modern technologies created by Ukrainian developers; stimulation of industrial reform processes; creation of corporate structures that unite the spheres of production and scientific and technical activity. Among them are state centers of science and high technologies.
Further development of the country's national innovation system should be aimed, first of all, at ensuring the system integration of all its elements and their effective interaction.


A set of silicate ions and corresponding lithium salts have been quantum chemically (QC) simulated in a "free molecule" approach. The infrared (IR), inelastic neutron scattering (INS), and Raman spectra have been simulated and fitted to the experimentally registered ones. The complete assignment of the vibrational bands along with the intensities and potential energy distribution has been performed. The applicability of the traditionally used quasimolecule Si–O–Si model to the interpretation of bands near 440–480 cm− 1 and so-called "Boson" peak near 50 cm− 1 has been critically discussed.


This study aims to determine the effect of debt levels, company size, sales volatility on earnings persistence. The population in this study are infrastructure companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the 2018-2021 period. The sample in this study was determined using a purposive sampling method. The selected samples were 16 companies with 4 periods or the same as the 64 samples used in this study. The data analysis method used in this study is multiple linear regression analysis. Based on the results of testing the hypothesis, it can be concluded that partially the level of debt has an effect on earnings persistence, while firm size has an effect on firm size, and sales volatility shows a negative relationship, meaning that sales volatility has no effect on earnings persistence.


Advanced Magnetic and OpticalMaterials offers detailed up-to-date chapters on the functional optical and magnetic materials, engineering of quantum structures, high-tech magnets, characterization and new applications. It brings together innovative methodologies and strategies adopted in the research and development of the subject and all the contributors are established specialists in the research area. The 14 chapters are organized in two parts:


In this paper, a low critical path delay (CPD) circuit structure is proposed for composite fi eld S-box circuit. In the low CPD structure, multiplicative inverse over GF (2 4 ) and multiplicative over GF (2 4 ) are constructed by AND-XOR-networks . The XOR-networks in the last two multiplications over GF (2 4 ) are further merged with the following constant matrix multiplication operation to shorten the CPD. Finally, hardware complexities of our designs are compared with previous works. The comparisons indicate that our proposed method is e ff ective. Our design of S-box / InvS-box based on the proposed method has lower CPD.


To study the influence of dilation angle on concrete damage and strain distribution under different stress states,the damage and damage evolution of concrete material and structure were simulated under simple and complex stress state based on the damaged plasticity model for concrete with a finite element software ABAQUS,and the numerical results were compared with the test data.The results show that the model could simulate the damage and damage evolution of concrete materials and structure in different stress states.On this basis,the influence of dilation angle on damage distribution and calculation convergence was analyzed.The results show that,under both uniaxial stress state and complex stress state,the smaller dilation angle is,the greater the damage distribution ranges,the worse the calculation convergence is,and the higher the calculation cost.Finally,the method of the value of dilation angle in engineering calculation was proposed.


This study compares simple conventional and cascode driver circuits for the SiC bipolar junction transistor (BJT). A low-voltage silicon metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor is used in the emitter of the BJT to realise the cascode variant. The circuits are experimentally evaluated when switching a current of 2.5 A and a voltage of 600 V in a buck converter.


To evaluate the treatment outcome of occlusal stabilizing splint in patients with TMJ osteoarthritis, the 76 subjects were chosen among the patients who presented to the Department of Oral medicine of Pusan National University Hospital, diagnosed as TMJ osteoarthritis by cone beam computed tomography, x-ray and clinical exam, and treated with occlusal stabilizing splint from 2009 to 2011. They were treated with physical therapy and medication before occlusal stabilizing splint delivery and checked monthly after occlusal stabilizing splint delivery. Subjective symptoms and clinical findings were investigated to evaluate and compare the subjects` status at the first visit, splint delivery visit and the last visit. The results were as follows; 1. Pain, noise, LOM and MCO were significantly improved between the first visit and occlusal stabilizing splint delivery visit, and between occlusal stabilizing splint delivery and the last visit. 2. In the acute group, pain and noise were significantly improved between the first visit and occlusal stabilizing splint delivery visit. Pain, LOM and MCO were significantly improved between splint delivery visit and the last visit 3. In the chronic group, pain, noise and LOM were significantly improved between occlusal stabilizing splint delivery visit and the last visit.


Using flattened-SiO2/Cu-electrode/36~48deg LiTaO3 structure, small size (5 x5mm2) surface acoustic wave (SAW) duplexer with a good temperature coefficient of frequency (TCF) for US-PCS was realized by authors. However, a smaller duplexer has been strongly required. Using flip-chip bonding process of SAW chips and Rayleigh SAW propagating on the flattened-SiO2/Cu- electrode/126~128degYX-LiNbO3, which has larger cou pling factor than above-mentioned substrate, a smaller sized (3x2.5mm2) SAW duplexer with a good TCF has been realized.


The anti-monopoly law is an indispensable and important part in the law system of the socialist market economy.Anti-monopoly legislation is the instinct demand of the market economy.To make anti-monopoly law should form a competition on an equal basis outlook,design and establish a rational legislation frame of the anti-monopoly law.To make and implement the anti-monopoly law must reform the foreign economics and trade system,improve rules and regulations of the government,coordinate the conflict between intellectual property rights and anti-monopoly law,break up the technology and trade barrier by WTO's dispute-settle mechanism,tighten up the management on the intellectual property market according to law.


The article runs a review of ancient, medieval, modern and contemporary sources that used the word "norm". It allows to establish this thesis: the word "norm" has never been considered as a technical term of legal science, as opposed to "rule" that early entered as such in the vocabulary of the Roman jurists. Only in the second half of the nineteenth century through the work of the German criminalist Karl Binding, the word "norm" acquired a technical sense as logical and conceptual budget of positive statutes and spread in the terminology of law, as well as a generic term to cover different specific types precepts.


A Fabry‐Perot micro‐interferometer has been designed based on the conventional single‐mode fiber end fusion method for measuring strain along the fiber. During the splicing process of single‐mode optical fiber, the uniformly coated glycerine on the end face of the fiber is vaporized due to the high temperature of arc discharge to form a spherical air microcavity (Fabry‐Perot cavity). The experimental results show that the proposed sensor can determine the strain during 0–1.2 N with a linear response and the corresponding sensitivity of ~3.25 nm/N. The Fabry‐Perot micro‐interferometer strain probe proposed in this paper is simple to manufacture, compact in structure and easy to integrate. It has the promising potential in exploring the intelligent wearable devices for real‐time monitoring of micro‐strain changes such as pulse, blood pressure, and respiration.


type="main"> This article examines the role of religion in public attitudes about the environment. While some have found that various aspects of theology and religious practices are responsible for lower levels of concern about the environment, the overall evidence is inconclusive, largely because the typical sample size is insufficient to gain insight into differences between religious traditions. We use ordered logistic regression to analyze data from the 2010 Cooperative Congressional Election Study, a large survey that allows us to unpack the relationships among religious affiliation, religiosity, and environmental attitudes. Our results show that members of Judeo-Christian traditions are less concerned about environmental protection than their nonreligious peers, and that religiosity somewhat intensifies these relationships for evangelical Protestants, Catholics, and mainline Protestants. While the results generally support traditional arguments that religion depresses concern about the environment, they also reveal considerable variation across and within religious traditions.


In 1801, Thomas Young devised what is now known as the Classical Double Slit Experiment. In this experiment, light waves emanating from two separate sources, interfere to form a pattern of alternating bright and dark fringes on a distant screen. By measuring the position of individual fringe centers, the fringe widths and the variation of average light intensity on the screen, it is possible to compute the wavelength of light itself. The original theoretical analysis of the experiment employs a set of geometric assumptions which are collectively referred to here as the Parallel Ray Approximation. Accordingly, any two rays of light arising from either source and convergent on an arbitrary point on the screen, are considered very nearly parallel to each other in the vicinity of the sources. This approximation holds true only when the screen to source distance is very large and the inter-source distance is much larger than the wavelength of light. The predictions that naturally follow are valid only for fringes located near the center of the screen (e.g. the equal spacing of fringes). But for those fringes located further away from the screen center, the precision of these predictions rapidly wanes. Also when the screen to source distance is comparable to the inter-source separation or when the inter-source distance is comparable to the wavelength of light, the original analysis is no longer applicable. In this paper, the theoretical foundations of Young's experiment are re-formulated using a newly derived analytical equation of a hyperbola, which forms the locus of the points of intersections of two expanding circular wavefronts (with sources located at the respective centers of expansion). The ensuing predictions of the new analysis are compared with those of the old. And finally, it is shown that the latter approach is just a special instance of the former, when the Parallel Ray Approximation can be said to hold true.


Italy Nowadays a well-defined idea of barbarians as the cause of the decline of an advanced civilization is widespread. This paper aims firstly to analyze the different meanings that the term barbarian has assumed in media outlets context in recent years, with emphasis on Italian political dimension. Secondly, it aims to examine if (and how much) it could be argued that, in these cases of manipulation, the sources of the late antique world have a crucial role in this kind of cultural biases. The comparative analysis of these two categories seems to reveal the reiteration of a stratified archive that, formed in ancient times and consolidated over time, maintains its main purpose: opposing the dominant social group ( ingroup ) and heterogeneous minorities ( outgroups ). So, what is the cultural operations that stay behind this approach? Is it possible to affirm that certain ideological identity archives are replicated over time applied to phenomena perceived as similar to each other, or would it be more correct to look at them as autonomous and migrants. No, this is a fight between the many people who believe in peace and those few who want war. It is a fight between civilization and barbarism. And we will fight this fight with all our These two future developments will have a number of positive effects on the prospects for immigration and on the place of Islam in Europe. First of all they will show that a European Islam has come into being, thus dispelling the image of a rampant Islamisation of Europe. This European Islam is developing its own characteristics which increasingly distinguish it from Islam as lived in Muslim countries.


Experiments in the TCV tokamak show that when high power central electron cyclotron heating (ECH) and current drive (ECCD) are deposited in the central plasma region, tearing-like instabilities can develop. In the present work we address, both analytically and numerically, the problem of tearing mode (TM) generation analysing extensively the behaviour of L-mode and low plasma current TCV discharges when high power heating is deposited in the plasma core region. Three possible mechanisms are discussed. The first is the modification of the equilibrium current density profile due to the power deposition leading to variation of the sign of the classical tearing stability index Δ', where finite β effects could also be taken into account. The second mechanism still the modification of the tearing stability parameter Δ', but this time due to the presence of an equilibrium sheared toroidal plasma rotation. Finally, the third mechanism considered is the role of infernal-type instabilities in driving tearing-like modes when the safety factor becomes sufficiently close to a rational in the core region.


This paper proposes a new approach of providing ancillary services to AC and DC grids from offshore wind power plants (OWPPs), connected through multi-terminal HVDC network. A coordinated control scheme where OWPP's AC grid frequency modulated according to DC grid voltage variations is used to detect and provide the ancillary service requirements of both AC and DC grids, is proposed in this paper. In particular, control strategies for onshore frequency control, fault ride-through support in the onshore grid, and DC grid voltage control are considered. The proposed control scheme involves only local measurements and therefore avoids the need of communication infrastructure otherwise required for communication based control, and thus increases the reliability of the control system. The effectiveness of the proposed control scheme is demonstrated on a MTDC connected wind power system developed in DIgSILIENT PowerFactory.


The deflagration behavior of self-reactive solids was investigated under different boundary conditions. In addition, a new test method was developed with which the deflagration behavior can be assessed in closed systems. Three new measuring systems with different volumes and geometries were put into operation on a laboratory scale. The use of the new measuring systems allows to assess the deflagration behavior under different boundary conditions, which are relevant for large-scale deflagrations. As part of the development of the new measurement systems, the required sample volume for a deflagration test has been reduced by a factor of ten. The rate of deflagration depends primarily on the temperature, pressure and vessel geometry and size respectively. The influence of pressure can be described by the equation u = a · p + b, where n is usually between 0,5 and 1. In addition, the ignition point and bulk density affect the deflagration rate. Since the maximum reaction temperature depends on the kinetics of the heat transfer in the center of the reaction front and this correlates positively with the pressure, generally all factors which cause an increase in the pressure in the reaction center lead to an increase in the deflagration rate. As a measure of the deflagration rate, the linear propagation rate and the pressure rise rate can be used. If the propagation form is known, one parameter can be calculated from the other. By normalizing the pressure rise rates, it is possible to convert the values measured in one vessel type to another vessel type. Thus, in principle, the deflagration behavior can be predicted at any fill levels and pressures. Furthermore, it has been shown that the risk of deflagration can be significantly reduced if deflagration-capable substances are handled at reduced pressure. The delayed initiation and slowdown of deflagration at reduced pressure is due to the lower effective thermal conductivity. Contrary to popular belief that deflagrations only occur at decomposition energies of more than 500 J/g, this work has shown that deflagrations are already possible at 220 J/g when ignited from below. The use of the various measuring systems should be based on the respective question. When isobaric operation at a pressure of 1 bar is desired, it is recommended to use either the previous standard methods or to operate the 4-L pressure vessel open. In a quasi-isobaric mode with a pressure of p0 6= 1 bar, the 18-L pressure vessel or other combinations of 4-L pressure vessel and expansion vessel should be used. In isochoric mode of operation, the 200-mL pressure vessel with ignition from above or the 4-L pressure vessel should be used.


The thermal degredation of the combustible shales of the Saratov and Orenburg provinces containing 45-50% of organic matter has been investigated on batchwise and continuous laboratory apparatuses and experiments have been performed on the distillation of combined liquid dissolution products and on the hydrogenation of a high-poiling extract of the dissolution. The possibility has been shown of producing from these shales organic binders for road building, an ash-free power fuel (sulfur content about 1%) and ''shale petroleum'' (sulfur content 0.1%).


Chlorophyll is the green pigment in plants that helps to absorb sunlight and converts it into energy. It is believed that it is beneficial for the human body. Therefore in this study, the chlorophyll amount in three brown algae species (Sirophysalis trinodis, Polycladia myrica and Colpomenia sinuosa) of the Persian Gulf by using three solvents and applying two formulas was compared. Acetone, diethyl ether and methanol were used as solvents. Results showed that the chlorophyll amount in different species dependent on solvent type and cell wall structure of algae. The highest chlorophyll a and x+c contents were observed in S. trinodis species. Also, the highest content of chlorophyll c1+c2 was showed in C. sinuosa by the extraction with diethyl ether solvent. In both formulas was no significant difference between the same solvents in the amount of chlorophyll a. In general, the aim of this study due to the diversity and dispersion of algae and also their potential use in the food industry, cosmetics and pharmaceutical goods was to choose a suitable solvent for better extraction of chlorophyll as an active ingredient. Hence, in this study, the acetone was a better solvent.


9092 Background: Chemotherapy is a known risk factor for venous thromboembolism (VTE) but contemporary rates and risk factors for chemotherapy-associated VTE are not well described. Furthermore, it...


This paper focuses on the optimal Dutch auction design where the bidding prices are restricted to a finite set of values and the objective is to maximize the auctioneer's expected revenue per unit of time. We also study whether the optimal design depends on the uncertainty about the number of bidders and a reserve price. Our results show that the optimal number of bid levels should be very small, which supports the prevalence of fast Dutch auctions in reality.


The effects of short-term exposures to polychlorinated biphenyls were investigated using Chlorella vulgaris and isolated spinach chloroplasts as experimental material. When Chlorella were immersed in a Warburg-Buck medium to which 10 mM glucose had been added. Aroclor 1221 was found to cause a significant inhibition of the respiration rate at concentrations above 10−7 M. When Chlorella were immersed in the same Warburg-Buck medium to which no glucose had been added, Aroclor 1221 caused a stimulation of the respiration rate at concentrations above 10−5 M. There appeared to be little effect on photosynthesis in Chlorella when Aroclor 1221 was present even at concentrations as high as 10−3 M. In contrast, oxygen evolution from isolated spinach chloroplasts using potassium ferricyanide as the electron acceptor was inhibited by Aroclor 1221. This inhibition was also apparent when the uncoupler ammonium chloride was present. Since there was no inhibition when photosystem I was examined on its own, it is suggest...


The invention discloses an air wave pressure therapeutic apparatus capable of judging an auxiliary material and a use method of the air wave pressure therapeutic apparatus. The air wave pressure therapeutic apparatus capable of judging the auxiliary material comprises an air wave pressure therapeutic apparatus, a quick coupling, conduits and an air bag, wherein the air wave pressure therapeutic apparatus is provided with a contact switch and air outlet holes; the quick coupling is provided with conduit ports; one ends of the conduits are connected with the air outlet holes through the conduit ports; the quick coupling is provided with conduit mounting holes; one ends of the conduits penetrate through the conduit mounting holes to be connected with the air outlet holes, and the other ends of the conduits are hermetically and fixedly connected with the air bag; a coupling hole part is also formed on the quick coupling and is matched and fixedly connected with the contact switch; and the quick coupling is hermetically and fixedly connected with the air wave pressure therapeutic apparatus through a fastener. According to the air wave pressure therapeutic apparatus capable of judging the auxiliary material and the use method of the air wave pressure therapeutic apparatus, auxiliary material judgment and parameter setting are combined into a whole; and the air wave pressure therapeutic apparatus and the use method have the characteristics of simple equipment operation and reduced cost.


The invention relates to a serpentine processing and utilization method, which comprises the following steps of: mixing a serpentine powder and ammonium sulfate according to a certain mass ratio and roasting; collecting ammonia gas generated during the roasting process and dissolving it in water to prepare ammonia water; carrying out agitation and water leaching on the solid product after roasting, filtering and separating solid slag; oxidizing a filtrate and settling out by the use of ammonia water, filtering and separating metal hydroxides such as iron, nickel and the like; settling out the filtrate for separating metal hydroxides such as iron, nickel and the like by the use of ammonia water to obtain magnesium hydrate and filtering; placing a filter cake into a high-temperature reaction vessel for hydro-thermal reaction, evaporating the filtrate for crystallization and recovering an ammonium sulfate solid powder; and finally filtering, washing, drying and beating the product of the hydro-thermal reaction to obtain the magnesium hydroxide product; carrying out water leaching on the filter residue and roasting to obtain the porous silica product. The invention is characterized in that the ammonia water recovered from serpentine roasting operation and ammonium sulfate recovered from evaporation crystallization of the magnesium hydroxide filtrate are recycled.


At the present stage of development of the country's economy, within the framework of the global Covid-19 pandemic, the problem of developing and implementing a long-term strategy for the sustainable development of industrial sectors processing industries, one of which is the textile industry, becomes extremely urgent. Light industry plays a special role in the life of the country. The stable operation of textile, clothing, shoe enterprises and factories largely determines the saturation of our domestic market with high-quality products, goods that are not just used daily, but are literally vital, including, as it is now becoming clear in the course of recent weeks and months, necessary to ensure the safety of citizens. To date, all development programs need to be adjusted for possible crises. The presented article is devoted to the assessment of the impact of coronavirus infection on the textile industry in Kazakhstan and abroad. The article considers the main problems and prospects for the development of the textile industry in the context of the coronavirus pandemic. The key features of the functioning of the textile industry in the current crisis conditions are determined;the analysis of the world experience of the development of the textile industry in crisis conditions is carried out;the problems of textile enterprises both in Kazakhstan and abroad based on this analysis are formulated. The most promising areas of production, as well as the opportunities and conditions for the development of the industry in the post-pandemic period are determined. © 2022 Ivanovo State University of Chemistry and Technology. All rights reserved.


This paper introduces The Tracer Method that integrates two common approaches for understanding skilled performance: Cognitive Task Analysis (CTA) and Eye Tracking (ET). This combination has the potential to provide information for game designers and human computer interaction researchers that will guide feedback to areas with the greatest payoff. Historically, ET has been used to gain behavioral insight into visual search patterns and attention, whereas CTA has been used to understand higher-level goals, strategies, and decisions. We integrate the two by using CTA to identify key events during the game, and examine ET statistics conditioned on these. In this demonstration, ET behavior was recorded while 17 experienced Overwatch players engaged in competitive play. Through post-game CTA interviews, critical decisions were identified and analyzed post play. Results provide some examples of new insights that can be captured from a combination of these methods, and used for game design, play testing, or evaluation.


In early November 1988 the Internet, a collection of networks consisting of 60,000 host computers implementing the TCP/IP protocol suite, was attacked by a virus, a program which broke into computers on the network and which spread from one machine to another. The authors present a detailed analysis of the virus program. The describe the lessons that this incident has taught the Internet community and topics for future consideration and resolution. A detailed routine-by-routine description of the virus program, including the contents of its built-in dictionary is provided.<<ETX>>


Clustering algorithms have been widely used in many domains so as to partition a set of elements into several subsets, each subset (or "cluster") grouping elements which share some similarities. These algorithms are particularly useful in wireless sensor networks (WSNs), where they allow data aggregation and energy cuts. By forming clusters and electing cluster heads responsible for forwarding their packets, the small devices that compose WSNs have not to reach directly the base station (BS) of the network. They spare energy and they can lead further in time their measuring task, so as to detect forest fires or water pollution for example. In this paper, we will apply a new and general clustering algorithm, based on classificability and ultrametric properties, to a WSN. Our goal is to get clusters with a low computational complexity, but with an optimal structure regarding energy consumption.


The article considers a number of aspects related to the essence of logistics and transport as elements of sustainable development of territories. The main directions of interaction between logistics, transport and sustainable development of territories are presented. The importance of creating technological and infrastructural reserves of the transport system to meet the needs of socio-economic development of the country is noted. The importance of an integrated approach to an effective solution to the tasks set by the concept of sustainable development with the help of the transport component is noted.


Measurements have been made of growth rates, cell numbers, fresh and dry weights, protein and soluble nitrogen levels, and glutamic–aspartic transaminase activity in six successive 2 mm segments of...


Dr. Sherard is Assistant Professor in the Department of Mathematics at Furman University in Greenville, South Carolina. approach, advocate behavior modification procedures for decreasing anxiety toward mathematics (1, 14). Although both approaches have merit, most teachers, unfortunately, lack sufficient training in counseling to use them. Teachers untrained in counseling techniques, however, need not feel helpless in dealing with the math-anxious student in the classroom.


Objective To study the function of hypoxia mimics of different exposure time of deferasirox in improving the growth of micrangium in a narrow pedicle flap.Methods Fourty male SD rats were divided into 2 groups:experimental group was fed with deferasirox 100 mg/kg per day from 1d,3d,5d and 7d,respectively,before the surgery of transferring the narrow pedicle flap,while control group just fed with saline.After 7 days,the immunohistochemistry,Western blot and quantitative reverse transcription-PCR (qPCR) were performed to examine the expression of CD34.qPCR was used to examine the expression of HIF-1α,VEGF in order to investigate the regulatory effect of deferasirox in improving the growth of micrangium and the distinction among the different exposed time of deferasirox in the narrow pedicle flap.Results The deferasirox group exhibited a marked improvement in flap healing time,and with the increasing administration time of deferasirox,the expression of MVD,HIF-1α and VEGF was improved in each treated group (P<0.05).Conclusions Deferasirox can induce HIF-1α secretion and increase CD34 expression,and so deferasirox can protect endothelial cells from hypoxic and ischaemic injury.

Key words:
Narrow pedicle flap; Deferasirox; Hypoxia inducible factor-1a (HIF-1α); Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF); Microvessel density (MVD)


For working-class Americans, the path of the professor is precarious. The neo-liberalization of higher education and the hegemony of academic elitism have made working-class faculty an endangered, disadvantaged, and invisible minority within the professoriate. On one hand, financing a graduate school career from humble origins is an increasingly risky investment. On the other, working-class Americans who secure a faculty job are often under-matched to low salary, high workload positions and endure classist ostracism and micro-aggressions. This essay is intended to not only trace the tragic trajectory of American working-class faculty but, more importantly, to invite conversations and identify suggestions that lead to our colleges and universities becoming more personally supportive workplaces and professionally empowering platforms for working-class professors.


BACKGROUND
Current guidelines suggest that primary prophylaxis for Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia (PcP) can be safely stopped in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients who are receiving combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) and who have a CD4 cell count >200 cells/microL. There are few data regarding the incidence of PcP or safety of stopping prophylaxis in virologically suppressed patients with CD4 cell counts of 101-200 cells/microL.

METHODS
The Opportunistic Infections Project Team of the Collaboration of Observational HIV Epidemiological Research in Europe (COHERE) included data from 23,412 patients from 12 European cohorts who started taking cART after 1997. Poisson regression was used to model incidence rate ratios (IRRs) of primary PcP.

RESULTS
There were 253 PcP cases during 107,016 person-years of follow-up (PYFU). Prophylaxis significantly reduced the incidence of PcP among patients with current CD4 cell counts 100 cells/microL (adjusted IRR, 0.41; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.27-0.60) but not significantly among those with current CD4 cell counts of 101-200 cells/microL (adjusted IRR, 0.63; 95% CI, 0.34-1.17). The incidence of PcP among patients who had a current CD4 cell count of 100-200 cells/microL, who had a viral load <400 copies/mL, and who were receiving prophylaxis was 2.1 cases per 1000 PYFU (95% CI, 0.8-4.3 cases per 1000 PYFU; 7 events occurred during 3363 PYFU), whereas 1.2 cases per 1000 PYFU (95% CI, 0.2-4.5 cases per 1000 PYFU; 2 events occurred during 1614 PYFU) occurred among persons who were not receiving prophylaxis (adjusted IRR, 1.65; 95% CI, 0.33-8.15). Among patients who discontinued PcP prophylaxis after starting cART, the incidence of primary PcP was 0 cases per 1000 PYFU (95% CI, 0.0-2.7 cases per 1000 PYFU; 0 events occurred during 1363 PYFU) for patients who had a current CD4 cell count of 101-200 cells/microL and who were receiving cART.

CONCLUSIONS
The incidence of primary PcP among patients who had virologically suppressed HIV infection, were receiving cART, and who had CD4 cell counts >100 cells/microL was low irrespective of prophylaxis use. Discontinuation of prophylaxis may be safe in patients with CD4 counts of 101-200 cells/microL and suppressed viral load.


Abstrak: The purpose of this study is to describe the application of guided discovery method that can improve student learning outcomes VII A grade SMPN 18 Palu on the material connection between lines and angles. The type of research used is classroom action research (CAR). The research design refers to the research design of Kemmis and Mc. Taggart consists of four components: 1) planning, 2) action, 3) observation and 4) reflection. The type of data used is qualitative data and quantitative data with data collection techniques are observation, interviews, field notes and tests. This research was conducted in two cycles. The results showed that the application of guided discovery learning methods can improve student learning outcomes by following the steps of guided discovery methods are: 1) the formulation of the problem, the researcher explains the subject matter regarding the relationship between lines and angles, the researcher distributes student activity sheet which contains questions concerning the material relations between lines and angles that must be completed by students. 2) data processing and constructing conjectures, students process data in the student activity sheet and arrange conjectures. 3) Examining the conjecture, the researcher examines the conjectures that have been prepared by students and provides guidance as needed if there is an error in compiling the conjecture. 4) verbalizing the conjecture, student representatives from each group present the results of the conjecture obtained and the researcher guides students to make correct conclusions about the material relations between lines and angles. 5) feedback, giving practice questions about the material of relationships between lines and angles to students. The results of this study indicate that classical learning completeness students in the cycle I is 50% and increased in the  cycle II is 77%.


The Department of the Environment, Transport and the Regions (DETR) has granted planning permission for a proposed extension to park-and-ride projects at the English city of Winchester, after assessing two planning applications by Hampshire County Council. In Autumn 1997, a four-week-long public inquiry had been held, which considered evidence submitted by the County Council, Winchester City Council, and various objectors. Evidence was provided at the inquiry that between 70% and 90% of existing park-and-ride users had not diverted from their previous route into the city, and only 7% had previously travelled by bus or train. The existence of an integrated transport strategy by the two local authorities, the Winchester Access and Movement Plan, showed that their park-and-ride scheme will achieve wider benefits. This article outlines the scheme, which will open in Winchester in September 1999, and includes a route map. The scheme aims to reduce damaging traffic levels, improve parking facilities, and provide a healthier environment for everyone. It will offer road users even greater choice for their journeys into Winchester. Winchester's transport strategy aims to implement bus priorities, improved traffic management and environment, road safety measures, and provision for cyclists.


A narrow-bandgap conjugated polymer, PFDTBTzQ-2OC1, is prepared by alternating [1,2,3]triazolo[4,5-g]quinoxaline and 9,9-didodecyl-fl uorene. With a bandgap of 1.63 eV, this polymer has wide absorption ranging from 300–760 nm in fi lm. Bulk heterojunction solar cells fabri-cated by blending PFDTBTzQ-2OC1 with [6,6]-phenyl-C


al. demonstrated that TRF can effectively reduce the weight of obese and overweight people within 8–12 weeks, and reduced approximately 0.2–0.5 kg of body weight per week. The application of TRF in insulin-resistant people showed similar effect of weight loss (6-8). However, the weight loss through IF and TRF is mainly fat weight, lean body weight only accounts for about 25% of total weight loss. Although IF and TRF for a short period of time can significantly reduce body weight in obese and overweight patients, whether the same effect can be maintained for a longer period of time has been debated for some time. A single-center, double-blind, randomized controlled study by Liu et al. evaluated the effect of TRF on long-term (12 months) weight loss and effects of metabolic risk factors. The findings suggest that for obese patients, TRF can maintain weight loss over a longer period of time (9).


Diffuse alveolar hemorrhage is a clinical syndrome characterized by respiratory symptoms associated with anemia, together with radiographic findings of multilobar alveolar occupation, besides hemoptysis (although nota constant finding). The diagnostic workup includes confirmation of hemorrhage, usually by bronchoscopy, and determination of the cause. The etiology is diverse; the most common causes continue to be the ANCA-positive vasculitides, systemic lupus erythematosus, Goodpasture disease, and drug-related. This article presents cases collected during the years 2011 and 2012 at Hospital Universitario San Ignacio.


and symposia exploring the relationship between global food policy and development in its various dimensions. The project is generously supported by the Ministry of Agriculture, Nature and Food Quality of the Netherlands. The views expressed in this paper are strictly those of the author and should not be assumed to represent the views of Boston University or the Ministry of Agriculture, Nature and Food Quality of the Netherlands. Food Crises in Developing Countries: The Role of National Governance


The study examines micro-finance institutions located in seven Sub-Saharan African countries, namely, Niger, Benin, Mali, Burkina Faso, Zimbabwe, Kenya, and South Africa, though a certain degree of macroeconomic heterogeneity is to be expected, given comparisons and contrasts of some basic economic indicators among this grouping of countries. It examines the extent to which savings-first and credit-first programs throughout Africa, have been able to strive towards sustainability, while reaching clients that traditionally have been excluded from formal finance, including women, rural inhabitants, the illiterate, and the poor. The analysis focuses on measures of sustainability and outreach, as well as on their inter-relatedness to eight micro-finance programs in the selected countries.


Abstract In the past 10 years, new data science courses and programs have proliferated at the collegiate level. As faculty and administrators enter the race to provide data science training and attract new students, the road map for teaching data science remains elusive. In 2019, 69 college and university faculty teaching data science courses and developing data science curricula were surveyed to learn about their curricula, computing tools, and challenges they face in their classrooms. Faculty reported teaching a variety of computing skills in introductory data science (albeit fewer computing topics than statistics topics), and that one of the biggest challenges they face is teaching computing to a diverse audience with varying preparation. The ever-evolving nature of data science is a major hurdle for faculty teaching data science courses, and a call for more data science teaching resources was echoed in many responses.


EDITOR—Travel is responsible for the rapid intercontinental spread of the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS).1 Singapore has one of the busiest airports in Asia, with numerous passengers arriving each day from countries affected by SARS, and it is therefore vulnerable to importation of the disease and potential transmission in the community.

Six people are known …


Background. A neuroprosthesis (NP) is a medical device that compensates and restores functionality of neural dysfunctions affected by different pathologies and conditions. To this end, an implantable NP (INP) must monitor and electrically stimulate neuronal small structures in the peripheral and central nervous system. Therefore, one of the most important parts of INPs are the sensors and electrodes since their size, resolution, and material are key for their design and performance. Currently, most of the studies focus only on the INP application but do not show the technical considerations of the sensors. Objective. This paper is a systematic literature review that summarizes and synthesizes implantable micro- and nanosensors/electrodes used in INPs for sensing and stimulating tissues. Data Sources. Articles and patents published in English were searched from electronic databases. No restrictions were made in terms of country or journal. Study Selection. All reports related to sensors/electrodes applied in INPs were included, focusing on micro- and nanotechnologies. Main Outcome Measures. Performance and potential profit. Results. There was a total of 153 selected articles from the 2010 to June 2020 period, of which 16 were about cardiac pacemakers, 15 cochlear implants, 13 retinal prosthesis, 31 deep brain stimulation, 6 bladder implants, and 18 implantable motor NPs. All those INPs are used for support or recovery of neural functions for hearing, seeing, pacing, and motor control, as well as bladder and bowel control. Micro- and nanosensors for signal stimulation and recording have four special requirements to meet: biocompatibility, long-term reliability, high selectivity, and low-energy consumption. Current and future considerations in sensor/electrode design should focus on improving efficiency and safety. This review is a first approximation for those who work on INP design; it offers an idea of the complexity on the matter and can guide them to specific references on the subject.


Background and objective: A deep bite malocclusion may be due to skeletal and dental factors. The analysis of the etiological factors may have an influence on the treatment plan. The aim of this study was to exploration the most common dental and skeletal factors that contribute to deep bite malocclusion in Yemeni individuals, as well as the correlations between them.
Material and methods: a cross-sectional prospective study was conducted to evaluate 136 individuals with deep bites using study casts and lateral cephalometrics (62 males and 74 females), with ages ranging from 18 to 28 years, with the Onyx program used for analysis. The recorded data was collected, tabulated, and statistically analyzed by SPSS.
Results: The Gonial angle and Jarabak index form the highest contribution to skeletal deep bite (59.3%), and the least contributing factors were the decreased saddle angle (3%), followed by decreases in the inclination angle) Pn line- PP) (11.1%). On the other hand, the most contributing dental factor to the deep bite was an exaggerated curve of spee (63.5%), followed by a decreased clinical crown length of the Lower first molar (52.6%), and the least contributing dental factor was an increased clinical crown length of the maxillary incisors. There was more correlation between skeletal factors than dental factors.
Conclusion: Deep bite malocclusion was characterized mostly by counterclockwise rotation of the mandible and increased spee curve. Understanding the most common dental and skeletal contributors will help clinicians treat patients with deep malocclusions more successfully.

Peer Review History:
Received: 4 February 2023; Revised: 11 March; Accepted: 28 April 2023, Available online: 15 May 2023
Academic Editor: Dr. A.A. Mgbahurike, University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria, email@example.com
Received file:                             Reviewer's Comments:
Average Peer review marks at initial stage: 5.5/10
Average Peer review marks at publication stage: 7.0/10
Reviewers:
Rola Jadallah, Arab American University, Palestine, firstname.lastname@example.com
Dr. Khaled A AL-Haddad,Orthodontics, Pedodontics and Prevention Department Faculty of Dentistry, Sana'a University, Yemen, firstname.lastname@example.com


George Orwell's Nineteen Eighty-Four, first published in 1949, is a vision of socialism gone wrong. The setting of Oceania is a world ruled over by an oligarchical collective, "The Party," which wi ...


This study aimed to: a. Identify the model of akhlaq al karimah culture building for students of MAN Wonokromo Bantul, b. to describe the results of akhlaq al karimah culture building for students of MAN Wonokromo Bantul and its implementation in daily life. This research is a descriptive-analytical study with a qualitative approach. The data were collected through observation, interview, and documentation. The data validity was checked through participation prolongation, observation persistence, and triangulation (of methods and sources). The data analysis technique involved the interactive model, including data collection, data reduction, data display, and data verification. The results showed that the model of akhlaq al karimah culture building for students of MAN Wonokromo included akhlaq al karimah culture building through learning, modeling, habit-forming, and praying. Meanwhile, the results of akhlaq al karimah culture building in this school included being religious, discipline, and hardworking as well as owning honesty and curiosity. It is recommended that the akhlaq al karimah culture building should be well planned, organized, controlled, and long-lasting, to produce students that have the spirit of faith, Islam, and good deeds according to the school vision and mission to create faithful, pious, noble, smart, independent, and fruitful students.


Abstract:There are many myths about human and organizational behaviour in disaster that scholars of this subject believe are perpetuated by the mass media, including film and literature. The 1917 Halifax Explosion has been used repeatedly as a setting for fiction; there is also a great deal known about what actually happened. A comparison of fiction and non-fiction about this event suggests that disaster scholars are partially correct — the fictional accounts include images of events that fit with the myths rather than the truth about disasters.


Granites in Xiaozhushan of Qingdao city is Mesozoic monoalkalic rocks, which were named Xiaozhushan rocks before. Through regional geological mapping with the scale of 1∶50,000, they are divided into 15 units which belong to Dadian and Laoshan superunits. Petrological characteristics, lithological characteristics, microelements characteristics, rare earth elements characteristics, evolution rule, origin and emplacement mechanism are studied as well.


Diadochokinesia pertains to a standard aspect of the conventional neurological examination, which involves the oscillation between muscle groups with an agonist and antagonist relationship. A representative example is the pronation and supination of the forearm. Hemiparesis visibly demonstrates disparity of diadochokinesia, and clinical quantification is achieved through the use of an ordinal scale, which is inherently subjective. A conformal wearable and wireless inertial sensor equipped with a gyroscope mounted about the dorsum of the hand can objectively quantify diadochokinesia respective of forearm pronation and supination. The objective of the research endeavor was to apply an assortment of machine learning algorithms to distinguish between a hemiplegic affected and unaffected upper limb pair based on diadochokinesia with respect to pronation and supination of the forearm. Performance of the machine learning algorithms, such as the multilayer perceptron neural network, J48 decision tree, random forest, K-nearest