Objective To explore the computed tomography(CT)and magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)manifestations of tubovarian abscess for improving the diagnostic accuracy and understanging the disease.Methods Imaging manifestations of 32 cases of patients with tubovarian abscess confirmed by surgical pathology were analyzed retrospectively and compared with pathological findings.The location,shape,boundary,density/signal intensity,type of enhancement of theses lesions were observed.Results The 32 tubovarian abscesses appeared as a cystic or cystic-solid complex adenxalmass.10 of 32 lesions appeared as fluid-filled tubular structure like sausage,13 cases showed multi-cystic mass like honeycomb,and 9 cases presented with beaded appearance.On CT plain scan,all lesions wered displayed liquid density.And on MRI,these lesions were seen slightly hypointensity or iso-intensity on T1WI,hyperintensity on T2WI and DWI.After contrasted,the capsule wall of these lesions were thickening and reinforced.Incomplete septa could be seen at the inside wall of the cystic mass which presented homogeneous enhancement.8 cases appeared liquid-liquid delamination in cystic cavity.All theses abscesses had indistinct margins of lesions.The features of inflammatory infiltration such as exudation,dhesion and hydrops within pelvic cavity etc were also showed on CT and MRI.Pathologically,fallopian tubes were tortuous and expansive adhering to the adjacent oragans.The walls of the tubes were hyperemia and edema with inflammatory cell infiltration.And ovary was swelling,in which many inflammatory cell infiltrated.Conclusion The CT and MRI can accurately demonstrate the shape and exact boundaries of tubovarian abscess,the actual area and surroubding tissues,which is valuable in differential diagnosis of various causes.


Require the Secretary of State to make provision about obligations on wind farm operators in respect of financial cover for potential liabilities arising from cause of public nuisance; and for connected purposes.


AbstractThis study evaluates the cloud and rain cell organization in space and time as forecasted by a cloud-resolving model. The forecast fields, mainly describing mesoscale convective complexes and cold fronts, were utilized to generate synthetic satellite and radar images for comparison with Meteosat Second Generation and S-band radar observations. The comparison was made using a tracking technique that computed the size and lifetime of cloud and rain distributions and provided histograms of radiative quantities and cloud-top height. The tracking technique was innovatively applied to test the sensitivity of forecasts to the turbulence parameterization. The simulations with 1D turbulence produced too many small cloud systems and rain cells with a shorter lifetime than observed. The 3D turbulence simulations yielded size and lifetime distributions more consistent with the observations. As shown for a case study, 3D turbulence yielded longer mixing length, larger entrainment, and stronger turbulence kinet...


NIELSEN, L. W. 1978. Some properties of the false broomrape causal agent and its persistence in soil and refrigerated and frozen tumor tissues. Phytopathology 68:1068-1070. The false broomrape causal agent from ground tobacco exposed to meteorological conditions. It was recovered from root tumors suspended in a buffer solution sedimented from tumors refrigerated at approximately 6 C for I yr and tumors suspension at 48,000 g for 20 min, was retained on a 0.45 pm frozen at -20 C for 4.5 yr. The level of infection obtained on filter, was inactivated with chloroform, and was insensitive to tobacco assay plants indicated the causal agent might persist streptomycin sulfate. These responses to the treatments are more than 5 yr in a sand-soil mixture and 4.5 yr in frozen similar to those of some pathogenic bacteria. The agent tumor tissues. persisted 5 yr in an artificially infested sand-soil mixture The causal agent of false broomrape (FBR) is pestle and diluted at the ratio (w/ v) of 1 g of tissue to 4 ml unknown. It has been postulated that the hyperplastic of buffer. These, or variously treated, suspensions were growths (tumors) on tobacco roots might be caused by inoculated to roots of tobacco seedlings as described by Agrobacterium tumefaciens (Smith and Townsend) Dukes et al. (1). The inoculated seedlings were planted in Conn or Corynebacteriumfascians (Tilford) Dowson (6), a sand-soil mixture in 5-cm pots and incubated in a sand but typical tumors did not develop on tobacco roots bath at 35 C (2) for 7 days with irrigation supplied as inoculated with C. fascians (5). Nor have these or other needed. Then the soil and established tobacco plant were organisms capable of causing the tumors been isolated transferred to a 15-cm diameter pot of the sand-soil from the hyperplastic growths (6). Apparently, the FBR mixture. Each plant was fertilized weekly with 100 ml of causal agent is nonsystemic; when tumorous growths nutrient solution and grew for 2.5 to 3.5 mo in a were grafted as scions to healthy tobacco plants, tumors greenhouse maintained at 29 C minimum. At harvest, the did not develop on the stock roots (5). However, the soil was washed from the roots and they were examined disease agent can be transmitted by grinding the tumors for FBR tumors. into a slurry and inoculating the root systems of young To obtain information on some properties of the FBR plants with it (1), and the tumors are used as experimental causal agent, suspensions of it, tobacco mosaic virus inoculum. Observational evidence also indicates the (TMV), and Erwinia carotovora var. carotovora (Jones) causal agent is soilborne. The disease recurred annually in Dye were compared for sedimentation at 48,000 g for 20 a Georgia tobacco plant bed (P. D. Dukes, personal min, passage through 0.8 and 0.45 /,m filters, and communication), and developed in sweetpotato planted inactivation by chloroform (4 ml/ 5ml of suspension) and in one batch of potting soil in North Carolina (4). The streptomycin sulfate at 100 /ig/ml. Tobacco leaves agent was reported to persist in tumor tissue 15 days at infected with TMV were ground in and diluted with -20 C (7). buffer as for the FBR tumors. Both suspensions were


Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)-receptor encephalitis is a paraneoplastic syndrome encountered by obstetricians and gynecologists. Anti-NMDA-receptor encephalitis is a limbic encephalitis commonly seen in young females who present with various symptoms including psychiatric disturbance, changes in consciousness, and involuntary movements. Ovarian teratoma is found in approximately half of all cases of anti-NMDA-receptor encephalitis, and early tumor removal is considered important. We experienced two cases of acute encephalitis. Upon examination, we suspected ovarian teratoma and performed laparoscopic surgery. In case 1, surgery was performed on day 143 after onset; however, postoperative improvement was slow. The patient (Case 1) was extubated on postoperative day 71 and was discharged on postoperative day 374. For another patient (Case 2), surgery was performed on day 24 after onset. The patient was extubated on postoperative day 23 and was discharged on postoperative day 67. Neither patients experienced recurrence of encephalitis; however, the case 2 patient continues to exhibit limb contracture as a disease sequelae. These cases reinforce the importance of early tumor resection.


Millions of deaths have been reported due to viral infections in medical history, and various viral infections are mentioned as the main cause of death. Although different types of research have been conducted to develop effective medication, there is a high demand to truly cure various viral infections. The resistance to the existence of antiviral drugs on the market is the main threat to human health, and an intrinsic demand to develop and synthesize new scaffolds is highly required to find less toxicity and high antiviral activity. Nitrogen-sulfur heterocyclic compounds have extensively exhibited efficient biological and pharmacological activity against viral species, and physicochemical and pharmacokinetic properties. In this micro-review, recently developed nitrogen-sulfur heterocyclics and their performance with marked and selective antiviral activities are summarized. We hope this micro-review will help early scientists interested in the design of new compounds with selective and pronounced antiviral activities to identify and satisfy the necessary criteria for the further development of nitrogen-sulfur heterocyclic compounds.


It is expected that EUV resists must simultaneously pattern 20-nm half-pitch and below, with an LWR of <1.8 nm, and a sensitivity of 5–20 mJ/cm2. In order to make a resist perform optimally, new resist chemistry is required. One such approach being investigated by us is the development of polymeric non-CAR negative photo resists for sub 16 nm technology which is directly sensitive to radiation without utilizing the concept of chemical amplification (CARs). These resist designs are accomplished by homopolymers which are prepared from monomers containing sulfonium groups. We have achieved 20 nm patterns by e-beam lithography using this system. Here we will discuss in detail process parameters such as: spinning conditions for film thicknesses <50 nm and resulting surface topographies, baking regimes, exposure conditions and protocols on sensitivity, contrast, resolution and LER/LWR. Etch resistance data on these thin films will also be provided. Our results are aimed to provide a clear understanding of how these critical steps in the lithographic imaging process will affect extendibility of the non-CAR resist concept to sub 20 nanoscale features. Photodynamics and EUV exposure data will be covered.


We re-examine the ionization-detected ultraviolet absorption spectrum of the 3pπ 2Π←X 2A′ transition in HCO and DCO using a high-power visible laser to enhance the observation of first-photon resonant features. This technique, which we term here, assisted REMPI, significantly improves the signal-to-noise ratio of the spectrum, making many weak vibronic sub-bands visible for the first time. A comprehensive fit to the structure evident in a progression of bending levels from (000) to (040) refines the assignment of Song and Cool [X. M. Song and T. A. Cool, J. Chem. Phys. 96, 8664 (1992)] to yield a set of rotational constants that vary with K in relation to v2, together with a higher-order contribution to the Renner–Teller splitting in HCO, which is mirrored in DCO for all levels but (040). The (040) band falls at a frequency that is commensurate with that of CD stretch, and Fermi resonance between 3pπ 2Π(1000)Π and the higher-energy (040) K=1(Π) component gives rise to an added splitting that increases the...


To study the changes of serum nitric oxide(NO) concentration,bioactivities of nitric oxide synthase(NOS) and superoxide dismutase(SOD)in manganese exposed rats,animal models were made by drinking manganese chloride solution(1 0 g/L).Serum NO was determined by nitric oxide reductase method.NOS was determined by NOS catalyzed L Arg method,and SOD by nitrate colorimetric method.Data obtained were analyzed by SAS 6 12 statistic software for t test.Results showed that the bioactivity of NOS in the manganese group was significantly lower than that of the control(P0 05),however,no significant difference of NO and SOD existed in the serum of two groups(P0 05).It indicatcd that the bioactivity of serum NOS could be lowered by manganese exposure.But the changes of serum NO and SOD needs further confirmation.


Mast and parietal cells were concomitantly demonstrated in biopsies from corpus mucosa of patients with various forms of chronic gastritis. The ratio of mast/parietal cells and the ratio of maximal and basal acid output were negatively correlated.


Abstract. Ice-nucleating particles (INPs) in the troposphere can form ice in clouds via heterogeneous ice nucleation. Yet, atmospheric number concentrations of INPs (NINP) are not well characterized, and, although there is some understanding of their sources, it is still unclear to what extend different sources contribute or if all sources are known. In this work, we examined properties of INPs at Cabo Verde (a.k.a. Cape Verde) from different environmental compartments: the oceanic sea surface microlayer (SML), underlying water (ULW), cloud water and the atmosphere close to both sea level and cloud level. Both enrichment and depletion of NINP in SML compared to ULW were observed. The enrichment factor (EF) varied from roughly 0.4 to 11, and there was no clear trend in EF with ice-nucleation temperature. NINP values in PM10 sampled at Cape Verde Atmospheric Observatory (CVAO) at any particular ice-nucleation temperature spanned around 1 order of magnitude below −15 ∘C, and about 2 orders of magnitude at warmer temperatures (>-12 ∘C). Among the 17 PM10 samples at CVAO, three PM10 filters showed elevated NINP at warm temperatures, e.g., above 0.01 L−1 at −10 ∘C. After heating samples at 95 ∘C for 1 h, the elevated NINP at the warm temperatures disappeared, indicating that these highly ice active INPs were most likely biological particles. INP number concentrations in PM1 were generally lower than those in PM10 at CVAO. About 83±22 %, 67±18 % and 77±14 % (median±standard deviation) of INPs had a diameter >1 µm at ice-nucleation temperatures of −12, −15 and −18 ∘C, respectively. PM1 at CVAO did not show such elevated NINP at warm temperatures. Consequently, the difference in NINP between PM1 and PM10 at CVAO suggests that biological ice-active particles were present in the supermicron size range. NINP in PM10 at CVAO was found to be similar to that on Monte Verde (MV, at 744 m a.s.l.) during noncloud events. During cloud events, most INPs on MV were activated to cloud droplets. When highly ice active particles were present in PM10 filters at CVAO, they were not observed in PM10 filters on MV but in cloud water samples instead. This is direct evidence that these INPs, which are likely biological, are activated to cloud droplets during cloud events. For the observed air masses, atmospheric NINP values in air fit well to the concentrations observed in cloud water. When comparing concentrations of both sea salt and INPs in both seawater and PM10 filters, it can be concluded that sea spray aerosol (SSA) only contributed a minor fraction to the atmospheric NINP. This latter conclusion still holds when accounting for an enrichment of organic carbon in supermicron particles during sea spray generation as reported in literature.


When de Sitter first introduced his celebrated spacetime, he claimed, following Schwarzschild, that its spatial sections have the topology of the real projective space IRP 3 (that is, the topology of the group manifold SO(3)) rather than, as is almost universally assumed today, that of the sphere S. (In modern language, Schwarzschild was disturbed by the non-local correlations enforced by S geometry.) Thus, what we today call "de Sitter space" would not have been accepted as such by de Sitter. There is no real basis within classical cosmology for preferring S to IRP , but the general feeling appears to be that the distinction is in any case of little importance. We wish to argue that, in the light of current concerns about the nature of de Sitter space, this is a mistake. In particular, we argue that the difference between "dS(S)" and "dS(IRP )" may be very important in attacking the problem of understanding horizon entropies. In the approach to de Sitter entropy via Schwarzschild-de Sitter spacetime, we find that the apparently trivial difference between IRP 3 and S actually leads to very different perspectives on this major question of quantum cosmology. 1. The Superfluous Antipodes Understanding de Sitter spacetime — the finiteness of its entropy, its embedding in string theory — is one of the key problems of current physics. Obviously, therefore, it is important to be confident that we know exactly what "de Sitter spacetime" actually is. From its first appearance [1], however, it has been clear that there is a fundamental ambiguity in the very definition of "de Sitter spacetime", arising from the well-known fact that the Einstein equations do not completely fix the topology of spacetime. (de Sitter's paper can be found at http : //adsabs.harvard.edu/ads abstracts.html.) This kind of topological ambiguity has recently attracted a great deal of attention from an observational point of view (see for example [2][3]), but far less attention has been paid to its theoretical implications. The purpose of this work is to draw attention to the fact that these theoretical implications have a bearing on issues of great current interest. Today we are accustomed to the idea that the topology of de Sitter space is that of IR×S3, where S is the three-sphere. (Sometimes it is convenient to use other slicings, such as that by flat three-dimensional spaces, but these do not cover the entire spacetime and so they tell us nothing about its global structure.) However, de Sitter himself explicitly rejected this interpretation: for him, the topology of "de Sitter spacetime" was IR×IRP . Here IRP 3 is the real projective space, obtained from S by identifying all points with their antipodes. (The distinction between the two is precisely that between the group manifolds of SO(3) and SU(2); for it is easy to see that SU(2) has the topology of S, and it is well known that it covers SO(3) twice, so the group manifold of SO(3) is IRP .) The metric of IRP 3 is exactly that of S — that is, if the sectional curvature is 1/L, it is g(IRP , 1/L) = g(S, 1/L) = L2[dχ⊗ dχ+ sin(χ)[dθ ⊗ dθ + sin2(θ)dφ⊗ dφ)]], (1) but now the angles χ, θ, and φ (which on S range respectively from zero to π, zero to π, and zero to 2π) are subject to identifications according to the antipodal map א3 on S, defined by χ → π − χ θ → π − θ φ → π + φ. (2) Thus IRP 3 is the quotient S/ZZ2 = S /{1,א3}. Comparing the two, de Sitter states that IRP 3 "is really the simpler case, and it is preferable to adopt this for the physical world." (He also reports a letter from Einstein to the effect that the latter agreed with him — though it appears that Einstein later [4] changed his opinion, on extremely tenuous aesthetic grounds.) de Sitter was apparently influenced by a much earlier (1900) paper of Schwarzschild [5] (translated as [6]). Usually this paper is cited as one of the first attempts to discuss, from an observational point of view, the possibility that the spatial sections of the Universe may not have the geometry or topology of ordinary Euclidean space. Schwarzschild's paper is strange to modern eyes, however, in that, when he considers positively curved space, he only discusses IRP , which he calls "the simplest of the spaces with spherical trigonometry." In fact, he explicitly rejects S as a physically acceptable model for spatial geometry, on the grounds


Food allergy causes severe clinical manifestations which can lead to death .Among food plants incriminated in the food allergy we may list peanut, wheat, lentil, green pea, sesame seeds and soybean. To study their protein allergens, it was proceeded to:-Extracting of vicilin of peanut, albumin and globulin of wheat, vicilin of lentil, albumin of green pea, albumin 2S, legumin and vicilin of sesame seeds, β conglycinin and glycinin of soybean.- Determination of protein rate, carbohydrate rate, the water retention , the isoelectric point and the temperature denaturation of protein. The comparison of the physicochemical parameters was shown that these protein allergens are glycoproteins possessing an isoelectric acid pH near the neutral. They are thermoresistants and have a great water retention capacity. The temperature denaturation depend on the amount of proteins but not on that of carbohydrates. When the protein rate is important, the carbohydrate rate is low, the isoelectric pH is acid and the temperature denaturation is raised. The protein rate and the carbohydrate rate have the same influence on the isoelectric pH but in an opposite way. Keywords: Protein, allergen, Food, Plant, Physicochemical, parameter, Relationship.


This paper gives a new method, using both Value Engineering(VE) method and linear projection pursuit technique. A new asessing index ( w ) is constructed through function coefficient ( f ) and cost coefficient ( c ), which is w=f/c. According marks of the building project from variable function factors given by experts, the function coefficient ( f ) can be calculated through linear projection pursuit technique. On the other hand, cost coefficient ( c ) is decided by unit cost. By this way, we can comprehensively analysis each plan. Basing on the coefficient w , we can assess the effect of building project and draw a right conclusion. The result of two examples show that this new technique is much more efficient than traditional methods, and it is easy to apply in practice.


Education and life,about which people are much concerned,are closely related with each other.At the beginning of the 20th century,the founder of American pragmatism education John Dewey put forward his theory of "education is life" as the solution to the separation of American education with life.Since the birth of the concept of "life world" in the early 20th century,the theory of "education regresses to life" has gradually become the focus of attention in Chinese academia.The two theories seem different,but actually there are some similarities between them.The paper mainly analyses the two theories and contrasts their differences and similarities from the perspective of the connection between education and life,and therefrom finds out the controversies and problems so as to expose its practical meaning.


This text talk about the questions in subject of atom physics from two sides,the first,when LS coupling and JJ coupling are used.The second,it is not suitably to talk the transition of quantum mechanics to classical mechanics into h0.


The injectisome is a membrane complex through which some bacteria can inject effector proteins into host cells. This study reveals that the cytosolic C-ring structure has a dynamic relationship to the rest of the injectisome, with implications for the regulation of secretion.


Objective To investigate the influence of pharmaceutical care and telephone follow-up on the treatment compliance and curative effect of long-term use of glucocorticoid in children with asthma.Methods Sixty asthma children treated with glucocorticoid inhalation were divided into observation group(n=40)and control group(n=20),the children in observation group were performed with pharmaceutical care and telephone follow-up during the treatment,the children in control group only received the routine guidance.All children were observed for one year,the levels of tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),interleukin(IL)-6,IL-8,IL-10,the treatment compliance and curative effect were compared between the two groups.Results The treatment compliance and curative effect in observation group were significantly higher than those in control group(P0.01).Before treatment,there was no significant difference in the levels of TNF-α,IL-6,IL-8 and IL-10 between the two groups(P0.05).After treatment of 3,6,12 months,there were significant differences in the levels of TNF-α,IL-6,IL-8 and IL-10 between the two groups(P0.05).In the two groups,the levels of TNF-α,IL-6 and IL-8 after treatment of 3,6,12 months were significantly lower than those before treatment(P0.05);the level of IL-10 after treatment of 3,6,12 months was significantly higher than that before treatment(P0.05).In observation group,the levels of TNF-α,IL-6 and IL-8 after treatment of 6,12 months were significantly lower than those after treatment of 3 months(P0.05);the level of IL-10 after treatment of 6,12 months was significantly higher than that after treatment of 3 months(P0.05).There was no significant difference in the level of TNF-α,IL-6,IL-8 and IL-10 between after treatment of 6,12 months and after treatment of 3 months in control group(P0.05).Conclusion Regular telephone follow-up and pharmaceutical care for asthma children with long-term use of glucocoticoids can significantly improve the treatment compliance,the levels of inflammatory factor and the curative effect.


Dietary polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) manipulation is being investigated as a potential therapeutic supplement to reduce the risk of developing age-related cognitive decline (ARCD). Animal studies suggest that high omega (Ω)-3 and low Ω-6 dietary content reduces cognitive decline by decreasing central nervous system (CNS) inflammation and modifying neuroimmune activity. However, no previous studies have investigated the long term effects of Ω-3 and Ω-6 dietary levels in healthy aging mice leaving the important question about the preventive effects of Ω-3 and Ω-6 on behavior and underlying molecular pathways unaddressed. We aimed to investigate the efficacy of long-term Ω-3 and Ω-6 PUFA dietary supplementation in mature adult C57BL/6 mice. We measured the effect of low, medium, and high Ω-3:Ω-6 dietary ratio, given from the age of 3–7 months, on anxiety and cognition-like behavior, hippocampal tissue expression of TNF-α, markers of neuronal progenitor proliferation and gliogenesis and serum cytokine concentration. Our results show that a higher Ω-3:Ω-6 PUFA diet ratio increased hippocampal PUFA, increased anxiety, improved hippocampal dependent spatial memory and reduced hippocampal TNF-α levels compared to a low Ω-3:Ω-6 diet. Furthermore, serum TNF-α concentration was reduced in the higher Ω-3:Ω-6 PUFA ratio supplementation group while expression of the neuronal progenitor proliferation markers KI67 and doublecortin (DCX) was increased in the dentate gyrus as opposed to the low Ω-3:Ω-6 group. Conversely, Ω-3:Ω-6 dietary PUFA ratio had no significant effect on astrocyte or microglia number or cell death in the dentate gyrus. These results suggest that supplementation of PUFAs may delay aging effects on cognitive function in unchallenged mature adult C57BL/6 mice. This effect is possibly induced by increasing neuronal progenitor proliferation and reducing TNF-α.


ABSTRACT Studies of racism tend to rely on a presumed dichotomy between whites and 'Others,' whether Black or Asian. Even as many scholars have established that whiteness is manufactured, ethnographic studies of racism still have not escaped the color paradigm, basing their studies on the enactment of racism by white people on Others. Using the case study of Singapore, this article challenges the color paradigm by exploring racism between co-ethnic Chinese. I show that Singapore's modernity is highly tied to place and that the 'new Chinatown' is used to 'place' and racialize newly arrived Chinese migrants. The racialization discourse, in this case, is subtle, and renders it a form of new racism - one that is reinforced by the media as well as state structures inherited from the nation's colonial past. The aims of the article are two-fold: first, the paper aims to show parallels between the racialization of Chinese migrants in Singapore and colonial racism. However, this is not to say that locals are merely emulating colonial discourse which leads to the second aim of the paper: to locate this particular racialization process as a product of the intersection of global capital with Singapore's local modernity. I conclude that although Singaporean-Chinese may enact racism against Chinese migrants, they do not hold unimpeded power. Rather, Singaporean-Chinese' construction of a 'new Chinatown' ironically acts to displace them.


The invention belongs to the design technology field of the computer hardware equipments, specifically relates to a computer peripherals connecting device that can read a new smart card with high-speed interface through the USB, or SD/MMC, or other high-speed interface. The device includes the fixed equipment that can be placed in the expansion room of the computer, and on the fixed equipment, the physical carrier is installed with smart card bearing, and the physical carrier has eight signal contact-points well matched to the contact-point locations of the standard smart card, and the signal contact-points connects with the internal bus of the computer. In which, five signal lines of the contact-points are respectively defined as power, ground, reset, clock and data lines according to the ISO/IEC 7816 protocol, other three signal lines of the contact-points are respectively defined as data signal lines and clock signal line of the smart card high-speed data interface. The invention can easily process the read, write, and synchronize operations to the data of a smart card through USB or SD/MMC interface of the smart card.


2 Corinthians 1–9 and 10–13 are often regarded as two different letters. The arguments usually forwarded in support of this view are observations about the personal relationship between Paul and the Corinthians or about the circumstances reflected in the two parts of the letter. A close examination of the text reveals clear hints of a change in the personal relationship, but we do not find corresponding hints of a change of circumstances. This article suggests that one can account for continuity on the situational level and for discontinuity in the relationship between Paul and the Corinthians on the grounds that both parts of the letter have different aims. Chapters 1–9 and 10–13 do not contradict each other but are complementary. Thus 2 Corinthians can be viewed as an original unity.


Advanced high-strength dual-phase steel was developed specifically for automotive industry in order to benefit from its excellent formability and great crash absorption ability in comparison with conventional AHSS. Resistance spot welding is the dominant and effective method of joining metal sheets in automobile industry. After spot welding, important changes occur in mechanical and metallurgical properties of the spot welded areas and heat affected zones. The investigation into these changes is very important for safety, which depends on the strength of the welded joints. Weldability of the DP steel is one of the key factors governing its application in automotive industry. The influence of the primary welding parameters, especially welding current, on the weld quality was investigated by testing microhardness and tensile shear load bearing capacity of resistance spot welds of DP600 steel sheets.


Fast resource management (FRM) techniques are currently under consideration for congestion control in high speed networks and ATM in particular. This paper presents a new method for burst admission control that can significantly reduce the burst blocking probability for an immediate transmission FRM protocol. An idealized method based on a fluid flow approximation is given. The performance of this idealized burst acceptance algorithm is evaluated via simulation. In addition the performance of this FRM/IT protocol is compared and contrasted with buffer oriented statistical multiplexing. Finally a number of simpler burst acceptance algorithms are discussed and their performance is compared to that of the ideal algorithm.<<ETX>>


Aiming at the safety of users, Automotive Engineering studies the Active and Passive Safety of vehicles. Two major challenges are constant concerns of engineering that work in vehicle safety: to develop and make feasible new technological solutions that avoid or minimize the effects of a traffic accident. In two distinct and complementary approaches, while active safety seeks solutions to prevent the accident from occurring, passive safety seeks solutions to minimize the consequences of the accident to occupants of the vehicle.1,2 The process of spot welding by electrical resistance has been used in the automotive industry for several decades, and is currently the most applied process in joining the various types of assemblies that make up the vehicle body. Spot welding is a process in which the surfaces are joined by means of one or more points on which heat and pressure are applied. The heat is generated by the resistance to an electric current passing through the parts held in contact for a short period of time. When the intensity of current ceases, the pressure is maintained as the metal solidifies. The process uses low voltage, high current intensity and pressure.3,4 The electrodes play a fundamental role in the spot welding process, because it is through them that the current flows, which allows the generation of heat, as well as exerting the necessary pressure on the parts and cooling the welding region.5 The electrodes are manufactured with different geometries, each of which has its purpose and application. The electrode geometries define the current density that will pass through the parts to be welded.6 The current is the parameter that most influences the heat generation during spot welding, and the variations in its magnitude significantly change the properties of the weld.5 Due to the competitiveness of the automotive sector, vehicle manufacturers have undergone a major restructuring, mainly in the manufacturing area, where great flexibility is required to supply the demand. These facts show the importance of the study of this welding process, due to its efficiency, speed and ease in automation. In vehicle maintenance the commonly used welding process is an arc process involving the use of inert gases. The arc welding process involving the use of gases can be divided into two types: with active gases (MAG) and inert gases (MIG). In this process the bonding of materials occurs through heating with an electric arc established between part and electrode, where the gaseous atmosphere allows the protection of the puddle of fusion and stabilization of the gas.7,8 The quality of the welds is affected by the heat–affected zone (HAZ), the region of the base metal adjacent to the melt puddle. The diffusion of heat to the base metal is strongly influenced by the melt puddle temperature and the welding speed. Welding with high power and high speed reduces the thermal gradient. At one point in the HAZ just beyond the edge of the melting puddle the temperature increases rapidly and is close to that of the melting puddle and decreases rapidly producing a quenching effect. In steels this region becomes austentic during heating and may contain the hard constituent known as marten site when it cools, brittle and hard microstructure. A little further, where the temperature was not so high, entering the range above the transformation temperature but not reaching the austenitic region, the grain size is smaller (grain refining region). Further still, there is no change in grain size, but heat is sufficient to reduce the hardness of that region (inter critical region).8,9 The purpose of this work is to perform a comparative study of welded specimens by means of the electrical resistance spot welding process and trough the MIG welding process, as well as their ability to absorb energy when subjected to an impact.


The quantum yield of isomerization and the fluorescence lifetime of newly synthesized 3,3'-disubstituted watersoluble stilbene dendrimer trans-4 were significantly different from those of model compounds. The results indicate that not only properties of dendrimer surfaces but also substituent positions are important for dendrimer photochemistry.


Ab initio SCF calculations were performed to study the conjugation of C,N,Si, and P double bonds with BH 2 (π-acceptor) and NH 2 (π-donor). The variations of the energy, geometry, and electronic distribution on rotation ZH 2 groups connected to the double bonds depend greatly on the polarities anhd polarizabilities of the molecules under study. The repulsive (attractive) interactions of the lone pairs lying in the plane of the double bond with donor (acceptor) orbital can modify strongly the relative stabilities of the conformations and the parameters of the molecule and electronic structures


A method of prompt tracking four targets using TMS320C6203 is introduced.Using optimized linear assemble language to improve real timing and precision. The average operation time of DSP is 2 ms with one primary window size 230×200, 0.4 ms with three secondary Windows size 60×60 respectively. Under the tanglesome background, prompt tracking the targets of low contrast is achieved. It is proved by the results of experiments that our method is effective, the problems of Windows size and tracking time are solved.


The article considers the rules of creating "live" residential objects based on the principles of ancient Indian architecture, the impact of such objects on the quality of life. For comparison, the impact of "dead" objects on human development is illustrated by examples. The concepts of "live" and "dead" residential objects are defined from the standpoint of ancient Indian architecture. Several basic principles of ancient Indian architecture are described. The importance of applying some of the principles of ancient Indian architecture in the design and construction of residential facilities in Russia. Examples of architectural inventions created by the world-famous architect Dr. Ganapati Sthapati are included. The article has three main sections devoted to the main postulates formulated by the ancient Roman architect Vitruvius.


While the conventional personal protective equipments (PPEs) covers a variety of devices and garments such as respirators, turnout gear, gloves, blankets and gas masks, several electronic devices such as personal alert safety system (PASS) and heads-up displays in the facepiece have become a part of firefighters personal protective equipments through past several years. Furthermore, more advanced electronic sensors including location traking sensor, thermal imaging caerma, toxic gas detectors, and even physiological monitoring sensors are being integrated into ensemble elements for better protection of firefighters from fire sites. Despite any electronic equipment placed on the firefighter must withstand environmental extremes and continue to properly function under any thermal conditions that firefighters routinely face, there are no specific criteria for these electronics to define functionability of these devices under given thermal conditions. Although manufacturers provide the specifications and performance guidelines for their products, their operation guidelines hardly match the real thermal conditions. Present study overviews firefighter`s fatalities and thermal conditions that firefighters and their equipments face. Lastly, thermal packaging methods that we have developed and tested are introduced.


Anthony Heaton-Armstrong, David Wolchover, Lorraine Hope and Fiona Gabbert conclude their article on the police practice of conferring on the compilation of evidential notes


Preface.- Understanding the Logic of IkappaB:NF-kappaB Regulation in Structural Terms.- NF-kappaB/Rel proteins and the humoral immune responses of Drosophila melanogaster.- Specialized chromatin patterns in the control of inflammatory gene expression.- IKK regulation and human genetics.- Control of NF-kappaB activity by proteolysis.- NF-kappaB and Innate Immunity.- NF-kappaB and mucosal homeostasis.- IKK and NF-kappaB mediated functions in carcinogenesis.- Macrophages and NF-kappaB in Cancer.- NF-kappaB in liver cancer - the plot thickens.- NF-kappaB as a target for oncogenic viruses.- Inhibition of NF-kappaB signaling as a strategy in disease therapy.- Subject index


The fluorine implantation on polysilicon was found to improve the characteristics of polysilicon thin-film transistors (TFT's). The fluorine passivates the trap states within the polysilicon channel, as compared with the H/sub 2/-plasma passivation. The fluorine implantation passivates more uniformly both the band tail-states and midgap deep-state, while the H/sub 2/-plasma treatment is more effective to passivate deep states than tail states. A fluorine-implanted device can be further improved its performance if an H/sub 2/-plasma treatment is applied. In contrast to the H/sub 2/-plasma passivation, the fluorine passivation improves the device hot-carrier immunity. Combining the fluorine passivation and H/sub 2/-plasma passivation, a high performance TFT with a high hot-carrier immunity can be obtained. >


Byzantine Fault Tolerant protocols are complicated and hard to implement.Today's software industry is reluctant to adopt these protocols because of thehigh overhead of message exchange in the agree ...


This study aimed to describe the influence of the peer editing technique on students' essay writing in the Study program of Indonesian Language and Literature Education, Faculty of Teacher Training and Educational Science, Universitas Sriwijaya. Data were collected from 21 students of Indonesian and literature education. The results showed that the post-test mean score was higher than the pretest. In addition, the t-statistic was higher than the t-table: 8.638 > 1.724. This shows that the peer editing technique influenced students' essay writing. By using peer editing, five important aspects (format, mechanic, organization, and grammar) were emphasized in essay writing.


Alliteration and assonance is not only a language phenomenon, but also an artistic one in poems. Du Fu is most skillful in using alliteration and assonance in his poems and he uses it most often than any other poets. The author analyzes several basic forms of alliteration and assonance in Du Fu's poems and points out that due to his excellent mastery of alliteration and assonance, Du Fu's poems are more harmonious and musical in artistic effect..


Objective: To explore therapeutic effect of a novel yeast cytosine deaminase (YCD) suicide gene in vivo on P388/DBA murine leukemia model. Methods: P388-YCD-eGFP clone was selected after retrovirus transduction by limiting dilution, P388-eGFP and wild type (wt) P388 were used as control. (1) Tumorigenesis study: DBA mice were inoculated with P388-YCD-eGFP, P388-eGFP or wt P388, 5×106/each i.p. (n=5). (2) 5-FC therapy study: After inoculation with P388-YCD-eGFP, P388-eGFP and wt P388 respectively (n=5),each mouse was given 5-FC with a dose of 5 μmol/d×2 w. (3) 5-FC killing effect study: 2 groups (n=5) of mice inoculated with P388-YCD-eGFP were treated with 5-FC×2 d or PBS. Results: Mice in YCD, eGFP and wtP388 group developed leukemia and survived for (8±1.0) d, (7.6±0.89) d and (7.8±1.64) d (P0.05), respectively. After 5-FC-2w-treatment, mice in YCD group survived (17.8±1.89) d (P0.05) vs (7.8±1.10) d (eGFP) and (7.7±1.15) d (wtP388) group, respectively. Mice of YCD group with 5-FC-2 d-treatment survived for (13.3±2.36) d,while PBS group (8.0±1.15) d. Flow cytometry and pathological examinations suggested mice of in YCD group died of leukemia relapse. Conclusion: YCD/5-FC is an efficient suicide gene system in vivo.


The"impulse blocking" hypothesis of antidepressant action (Randall, 1981) recently obtained support from the finding that acute bath-application of the antidepressant imipramine (IMI),at therapeutically relevant concentrations, produced a frequency-dependent block of field potentials in the rat hippocampal slice in vitro (Anwyl & Rowan, 1985). In the present communication we report on the in vivo effects of acute and chronic treatment with IMI on the amplitude of the excitatory postsynaptic potential (e.p.s.p.) evoked at both low and high frequencies of stimulation.


The aim of this paper is to propose a method for detecting the Poltergeist anti-pattern. Anti-patterns are poor designs that lower software quality, especially by increasing complexity and decreasing maintainability. As maintenance of software projects costs as much as their development, it is necessary to detect poorly designed code and refactor it.


Construction of a second runway at Manchester Airport led to a £17 million environmental mitigation package concerned with habitat restoration, relocation of species and translocation of valuable habitat components. One major concern was for legally protected vertebrate species (Meles meles and Triturus cristatus) affected by these works. To this end, a monitoring programme was established to assess earthworm communities (potential prey for the protected animals) within areas of translocated grassland. Major upheaval of soils can have negative consequences on soil biota, so integration of translocated turf with receptor subsoil was essential. The work reported here relates to continued monitoring of 4 specific translocated grassland areas. Digging and hand sorting of soil from replicated plots of 0.1 m, followed by vermifuge (mustard) application was used to extract earthworms. Monitoring took place on an annual basis during the same week of October from 1998-2007. Twelve species of earthworm were located, representing three ecological groups. Recorded densities ranged from 4 to 427 earthworms m. Similarly, biomasses ranged between 2 and 110 g m. Significant differences can be ascribed to type of translocation undertaken (turf transfer or soil alone) and also between grassland sites (low lying, slopes, hillocks) and across years. Meteorological data suggests that the most significant environmental aspect during the decade of monitoring was rainfall, having its greatest negative effect on earthworms in 2003. Earthworm community composition has been dynamic over this time period.


The modified Brunelli procedure is used for the treatment of nonrepairable complete scapholunate ligament rupture in the wrist. It aims to restore normal carpal biomechanics, preventing secondary osteoarthritis. A technically challenging portion of the operation involves threading the flexor carpi radialis (FCR) tendon through the scaphoid tunnel. As the tunnel is narrow, using a standard tendon forceps can be difficult because of the size of the forceps head and body. We have found that crocodile microforceps (Fig 1), from a myringotomy set, mitigates this difficulty, allowing easy passage of the FCR tendon through the narrow scaphoid tunnel.


The large body-stabilised commercial communication satellite is reaching the limit of its development. It is time therefore, to consider the alternative vehicles that may carry the burden of terrestrial communication into the next century. The two considered here are the platform and the cluster, both of which are currently being developed for scientific uses. If either becomes the standard commercial communication space segment the alternative design philosophies they involve will profoundly affect the direction of technological progress in space engineering. The platform approach requires a high level of in-orbit capability while the cluster concept will make new demands on the production, testing and management of space vehicles. From Australia's point of view either solution would offer real commercial opportunities in space engineering but expertise needs to be built up rapidly.


Thin client technology – what is it and how can it help your school? Deputy head Paul Ainsworth and his ICT leader Kevin Bennett explain all


agnosis of impetigo and/or herpes virus infection, while blisters and erosions developed in the oral mucosa and over the face and neck ( fig. 1 ). There was no erosion or blister in the conjunctival, nasal or pharyngeal mucosae. She did not have any other apparent skin lesion caused by GVHD. A biopsy specimen revealed a subepidermal blister containing eosinophils and neutrophils ( fig. 2 a). Direct immunofluorescence demonstrated a linear deposition of IgG and C3 in the basement membrane zone of the epidermis ( fig. 2 b). Indirect immunofluorescence revealed weak IgG antibasement-membrane-zone antibodies which reacted with the dermal side of 1 M NaCl-split skin. By immunoblotting of normal human epidermal extracts, the serum of this patient reacted weakly with the 230-kDa bullous pemphigoid (BP) antigen (BP230) and the 190-kDa periplakin. The significance of these reactivities remains unclear. Immunoblotting of normal human dermal extracts showed no apparent reactivity with the serum of this patient. Immunoblotting using laminin 332 purified from human cultured keratinocytes showed that this patient's serum reacted strongly with the 140-kDa  3 subunit, but not with the 3 or 2 subunit ( fig. 3 ). Based on these findings, she was diagnosed as having anti-laminin-332 MMP. Based on a tentative diagnosis of BP, treatment had been initiated with oral minocycline 200 mg and topical steroid before the final diagnosis of MMP was made. Although the number of blisters decreased, new blister formation persisted. Three weeks later, the number of blood leukemic cells started to increase rapidly, and she decided to receive cord blood transplantation. However, she died of disease progression after early relapse.


Design of combinational and sequential circuits at nano scale are effectively constructed using Quantum Cellular Automata (QCA) technology. The key benefits of using QCA circuits such as minimum power consumption, high speed and low area can be obtained when compared to transistor based technology. In this paper the design of 4 bit counter using SR, JK, D and T flip flop based on dual edge triggered (DET) using QCA technology is analyzed. The proposed dual edge triggered structure (DET) offers high switching speed & low power consumption than single edge triggered QCA circuits. The important parameter of the circuits such as cell count, area utilization, energy dissipation are computed and compared using QCA designer tool 2.0.3 version.


Based on the structure of one Ti-linered reactor,this paper discussed the failure possibility of base plate and Ti-liner and corresponded management suggestion was given.


Recent studies indicate that the general public will accept existing nuclear power plants, but there is a lack of acceptance for any new nuclear power plants. This paper discusses the need for effective marketing in the nuclear industry.


The invention discloses long-service life hot work die steel which is prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 0.35-0.40% of C, 0.10-0.40% of Si, 0.30-0.50% of Mn, 5.00-5.50% of Cr, 0.50-0.70% of V, 1.90-2.30% of Mo, 0.20-0.40% of Co, less than or equal to 0.005% of S, less than or equal to 0.015% of P, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities. A preparation method of the die steel comprises the following steps: treatment by a vacuum induction furnace; electroslag remelting; multi-directional forging; and special annealing treatment. The technical scheme provided by the invention has the beneficial effects that 1) the die steel has excellent toughness, thermal conductivity, malleability, heat shock resistance, anti thermal fatigue ability and low coefficient of linear expansion and is suitable for manufacturing large injection moulding dies which are heat erosion resistant and high in precision requirements; 2) the die has a considerable cost performance and the cost of the die can be lowered by over 30%; the die can be used for replacing high-price imported hot work die steel such as ASSAB DIEVAR, DH31-ESR of Datong and DAC55 of Hitachi.


Suppose n is a xed positive integer. We introduce the relative n-th non-commuting graph n, associated to the non- abelian subgroup H of group G. The vertex set is G n C n H;G in which C n H;G = fx 2 G : (x;y n ) = 1 and (x n ;y) = 1 for all y 2 Hg. Moreover, fx;yg is an edge if x or y belong to H and xy n 6 y n x or x n y 6 yx n . In fact, the relative n-th commutativity degree, Pn(H;G) the probability that n-th power of an element of the sub- group H commutes with another random element of the group G and the non-commuting graph are the keys to construct such a graph. It is proved that two isoclinic non-abelian groups have iso- morphic graphs under special conditions.


Handloom weaving sector is the India's biggest cottage and labour intensive sector, which has been playing a very important role in the country's economy. As per the Third National Handlooms Census 2010-11, handloom industry is the second largest employment provider, next only to agriculture in India. The sector provides employment opportunities to 43.31 lakh persons. This sector can grow at a very fast rate but health problems of weavers such as eye sight weakness, back ache; knee pain, joint pain, etc. act as great hindrance. By implementing their health rights properly, they can achieve a broad success. So an effort is made through this paper to study the health rights and schemes of handloom weavers in India.


As a new monitoring technique for road-deposit environments, one of main nonpoint sources in urban areas, we present a modeled-stormwater sampling (MOS) technique in which one can easily obtain road deposits under modeled rainy conditions. To simulate a rainy condition using the MOS technique, we first stir water placed on a road surface and collect the water with suspended matter detached from the road surface. We then analyze the quality of the water samples obtained. To confirm the validity of the MOS technique, we conduct a laboratory experiment for the comparison of road-deposit environments measured with the MOS and those measured using other monitoring techniques. The experimental results indicate that the road-deposit environments measured using the MOS technique show the same results as those measured using an artificial rainfall technique, indicating the fundamental high performance of the MOS technique. Using the MOS technique, we perform field measurements of the temporal and spatial variations of road-deposit environments in urban areas. The observed results indicate that rainfall and traffic may cause appreciable variations of road-deposit environments in time and space.


To be delivered for removal of the halogen compound system according to the present invention a) a precursor of a transition input electroactive catalyst comprising a metal hydroxide in a basic solution, the method comprising: dissolving a precursor of said electroactive catalyst; b) step of applying a current and then added a solution of step a) to a reactor, said electroactive catalyst is activated; And c) by introducing a halogen compound into the reactor, and a step at which the halogen compound eliminated.


Abstract In this paper, a new one-dimensional theory of beams damped by means of a thin viscoelastic film is presented. Based upon a prescribed piecewise linear longitudinal displacement field, and a shear stress field satisfying continuity conditions at the interfaces, the beam formulation of the proposed theory is derived. In order to demonstrate the accuracy of this beam model, numerical tests were carried out by using the finite element method. The present results are compared with well-known analytical, finite element (with the MSC/NASTRAN computer program), and experimental solutions under various (material, temperature and boundary) conditions. It is found that the proposed theory is very simple and efficient in predicting the dynamic response of beams that are damped by means of a thin viscoelastic film.


Digitalization has changed the preconditions for most media in recent decades, offering a rare opportunity to develop and change traditional media and the media market. The book medium is no exception. What is to be considered a book is being challenged, or, for some, threatened. As the e-book market grows there is, as with other media, still ambiguity in the direction of the development and the normalization of the e-book concept. This article discusses the extent to which physical form, genre and utilization are important when defining the book medium in the late age of print, contributing to the debate regarding the future of the book. The article is based on interviews with four prominent scholars in the research area of the digitization of text media. The findings show that, despite good arguments for how the e-book should be defined, its definition is highly context-dependent. However, as the e-book moves towards more enhanced digital versions and away from digitized ones, genre will grow increasingly important for the definition of a 'book' in the digital environment. This means that, in moving towards a more converging understanding of the future of the book, its definitions will diverge. This document is the accepted version, but not the final copyright version of the article: Leckner, S. (2015), 'The (be)coming of the book: The transformation of a text medium in the late age of print', Northern Lights 13, pp. 105–119, doi: 10.1386/nl.13.105_1. For the final published version, please visit: http://www.intellectbooks.co.uk/journals/viewissue,id=2940/


Richard Morton, the author of the well known "Phthisiologia, seu exercitationes de phthisi," deserves a place in the ranks of the early pediatrists, for he was perhaps the first to describe the condition of chylous ascites in early life, and he not only reported a case with autopsy but made the diagnosis during life—no mean feat in those days, or in these either, without using methods which Morton did not have at his command. Morton, a contemporary of Sydenham, is an interesting figure in medicine. He was born in 1637 and matriculated in 1654 as a commoner in Magdalen Hall at Oxford, but later changed to New College, from which he received his A.B. degree in 1657 and his M.A. degree in 1659. Soon after he got his first degree he was chaplain to his college, and later he was a chaplain in a wealthy family and was given the


As service traffic increases in cellular networks, the mobile network must expand their system capacity. It is important to balance between the volume of mobile traffic and the capacity of mobile system in terms of user experience and operation cost. There are two approaches to assess the balance of demand and supply in cellular network: single cell and national wide scale. Nevertheless, both methods are insufficient to evaluate the balance reasonably in real cellular network in terms of scale: too narrow or wide. As radio resources cannot be exchanged between cells, network operators must perform statistical management on traffic dense areas. This paper introduces the virtual sample region concept that is composed of set of traffic-intensive cells in metropolitan area. We evaluate mobile traffic and system capacity based on real measurement from live 4G system in Seoul, South Korea. In this paper we provide the measurement results of mobile traffic per 10 MHz in real top 10% traffic-intensive cells about 3 years. We also estimate spectral efficiency of virtual sample region using system level simulation, and evaluate system capacity using spectral reuse factor, 4G spectrum bandwidth, simulated spectral efficiency. The margin of 4G system capacity is estimated about 30% in the last three years.


Corruption is a global pandemic that can destroy the economy of any nation if care is taken. This study therefore examined lifestyle audits (LSAs) and fighting against corruption (FAC). This study adopted a survey research approach and employed primary data. A purposive sampling technique was used to draw the samples of 241. This study used bar chart, general linear and regression models to analyze the data gathered. Findings from this study showed that the estimated P-value of 000 > 0.01 significant level. This study revealed a complete demand for the application of LSAs in Nigeria for FAC. This study recommended that government of any country including Nigeria that may wish to apply LSAs for FAC should amend their existing legal frameworks to permit full operation of LSAs during the investigation, arrest and trials of any corrupt suspect . The outcomes of this study could appeal to government, educational regulators and the accounting professional bodies world-wide on the need to incorporate the studies of lifestyle auditing into the curricula


The invention discloses a systematic plant infecting disease control pesticide screening method. The method can be used for conducting systematic pesticide application on plants and solving the problem of difficult systematic disease control pesticide application. The systematic plant infecting disease control pesticide screening method comprises the steps of plant cultivation, disease spreading, pesticide application and screening. The systematic plant infecting disease control pesticide screening method uses herbal hosts suffering from systematic bacterial or viral disease infection as test materials, a dosing method is simple, convenient and easy to operate, systematic pesticide diffusion can be achieved, the pathogen inhibiting effects of pesticides can be visually reflected and correctly evaluated, and the systematic plant infecting disease control pesticide screening method has the important significance on systematic disease control pesticide screening and application.


The embodiment of the invention discloses a playing authentication method, device and system and a set box of a digital satellite television. The method comprises the following steps of: receiving a digital television program data stream sent by a satellite and authorized region GPS (Global Positioning System) information; obtaining local GPS information; according to the local GPS information and the authorized region GPS information, judging whether the local belongs to a region in which the digital television program is permitted to play; if yes, decoding the digital television program data stream, and playing the digital television program; and if no, refusing to play the digital television program. In the embodiment, whether the region of the set box is an authorized region is judged according to the local GPS information so as to judge whether a user is a legal user. The technical scheme provided by the embodiment of the invention is combined with the traditional encryption system, and thus stronger right protection can be provided for television program operators.


Williams, T. A., Abberton, M. T., Thornley, W. J., Rhodes, I. (2001). No relationship between leaf size and yield in medium leaf size white clover varieties under rotational sheep grazing and cutting. Grass and Forage Science, 56, (4), 412-417. Sponsorship: UK Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food


Electronic absorption and resonance Raman (RR) spectra of the ferric form of barley grain peroxidase (BP 1) at various pH values both at room temperature and 20 K are reported, together with EPR spectra at 10 K. The ferrous forms and the ferric complex with fluoride have also been studied. A quantum mechanically mixed-spin (QS) state has been identified. The QS heme species co-exists with 6and 5-cHS hemes; the relative populations of these three spin states are found to be dependent on pH and temperature. However, the Q S species remains in all cases the dominant heme spin species. Barley peroxidase appears to be further characterized by a splitting of the two vinyl stretching modes, indicating that the vinyl groups are differently conjugated with the porphyrin. An analysis of the presently available spectroscopic data for proteins from all three peroxidase classes suggests that the simultaneous occurrence of the QS heme state as well as the splitting of the two vinyl stretching modes is confined to class III enzymes. The former point is discussed in terms of the possible influences of heme deformations on heme spin state. It is found that moderate saddling alone is probably not enough to cause the QS state, although some saddling may be necessary for the QS state. T h i s work was supported by the United S ta t e s Department o f Energy under Contract Number DE-AC04-94AL85000. Sandia i s a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the United S ta tes Department o f Energy.


'work': human-machine interaction and patient safety in anaesthesia. between anesthesiologists, patients and the anesthesia team: a descriptive study of induction and emergence. Watching anaesthetists work: using the professional judgement of consultants to assess the developing clinical competence of trainees. Anaesthetists' non-technical skills (ANTS): evaluation of a beha-vioural marker system. good Samaritan, servant coordinator: four ways of understanding the anaesthetist's work. Muscle relaxation and depth of anaesthesia: where is the missing link? 1 In the last few years, several monitors have been developed to assess the depth of anaesthesia and to discriminate between its pharmacodynamic components. Most of those monitors have been initially designed to assess the hypnotic component of anaesthesia. Experience has progressively revealed that several factors other than external artifacts can alter the interpretation of what is said to be the depth of anaesthesia, that is, the value of the indices. 1 Among those factors, the pharmacodynamic interaction between anaesthetic agents plays a key role, 2 and neuromuscular blocking agents (NMBAs) can, theoretically , be involved in that interaction. The calculation of depth of anaesthesia indices is frequently based on EEG recordings. The frequency band associated with EMG activity is close to that of the EEG. As NMBAs modulate EMG activity, they may artificially modify the calculated index 3 or suppress valuable information from the signal. Given these theoretical considerations, the variability of the algorithms involved in the calculation of indices, and the limited evidence-based information, actually predicting how a given index may be affected by neuromus-cular block during anaesthesia is not easy. Specific studies are needed to address this issue. In 1946, Gray and Halton 4 first suggested that NMBA may affect the depth of the hypnotic or the anti-nociceptive components of anaesthesia. As NMBAs cross the blood– brain barrier to a very small extent, a hypothetical effect on depth of anaesthesia can only be explained by indirect mechanisms [Fig. 1: (1) and (2)]: the reduction in the amount of proprioceptive inputs to the brain emerging from peripheral muscles and a direct central effect of NMBA metabolites. The first mechanism refers to the de-afferention theory. It has been demonstrated that sensory deprivation causes a decrease in EEG power and a shift towards slower frequencies. 5 A reduction in the amount of proprioceptive inputs to the reticulo-thalamic activating system would reduce the level of arousal 6 and explain why NMBA administered in dogs during an isoflurane-induced burst suppression pattern …


n-Dodecylamine was used as reaction terminator to control the molecular structures of amine terminated hyperbranched(poly(ester-amine)s)(HPEA) synthesized from phthalicdiglycol diacrylate and 1-(2-aminoethyl)piperazine at molar ratio of 1:1 by Michael addition reaction.From the()~1H-NMR spectra of HPEA,the degree of branching increased and the amino active hydrogen content decreased with prolonging the reaction time.HPEA were further cured with β-glycidyloxylpropyl trimethoxysilane under ambient condition.The highest gel content and best mechanical properties of the cured coatings at active hydrogen and epoxy group stoichiometric ratio of 1∶1 can be attributed to the stepwise curing process,involving the fast reaction between amino active hydrogen and epoxy groups,and the slow hydrolysis and self-condensation of methoxysilane groups.


The TiO2/vermiculite nano-composites were prepared by cationic exchanger,in situ hydrolyzing and in situ hydroxyl method using TiOSO4as a precursor of TiO2.The TiO2/vermiculite nanocomposite preparation products including polymeric hydroxy titanium ion-vermiculite,hydrated titanium oxide/vermiculite composites and TiO2/vermiculite nano-composite were characterized by XRD,FTIR and FSEM.The results show that polymeric hydroxy titanium ion in TiOSO4solution get into the interlayer of vermiculite by cation exchange function under low pH value.Then,with the pH value increased,the polymeric hydroxy titanium ion in the interlayer hydrolyzation and polymerization into hydrated titanium oxide,and vermiculite interlayer distance enlarged,ordered structure destruction.After 900 ℃ heat treatment the hydrated titanium oxide dehydrated to form TiO2/vermiculite nano-composites;TiO2content in the samples increased with the rising of ending pH value,and TiO2particles are in vermiculite interlayer distance or distributed on the surface of vermiculite flake evenly.Compared with pure TiO2nano-powder,there was no rutile at temperature of 900 ℃,this show that vermiculite layer structure has obvious retarding effect of TiO2crystal phase transition.


In many wellbore stability analyses, the ability to forecast both the occurrence and extent of plastic deformation and failure hinges upon a fundamental understanding of deformation mode and failure mechanism in the reservoir rock. This study focuses on analyzing plastic zones, localized deformations, and failures around a borehole drilled overbalanced or underbalanced through a highly porous rock formation. Based on several laboratory experiments, porous rocks are prone to deform under both shear‐induced dilation and shear‐enhanced compaction mechanisms depending on the stress state. The shapes of the deformation and failure patterns around the borehole are shown, depending on the initial stress state and the local stress paths. The inquiry of the local stress paths in the near‐wellbore zone facilitates the understanding of the reasons for different types of failure mechanisms, including the mixed‐mode and the plastic deformation structures. The modification of the 2D plane strain condition by imitating third stress in the numerical scheme helps us bring the stress paths closer to the real state of loading conditions. Our modeling reveals that the transition from isotropic to anisotropic stress state is accompanied by an increase in the deviatoric part of effective shear tensor that leads to the development of inelastic deformation, degradation, and subsequent rock failure. Particular interest is devoted to the modeling of strain localization especially in compaction mode around a wellbore and computing the amount of stress concentration at the tips of dog‐eared breakouts. Stress concentration can result in a change in irreversible deformation mode from dilatancy to compaction, elucidating the formation of the shear‐enhanced compaction phenomenon at the failure tips in the direction of the minimum horizontal stress.


Economic analysis of law is a new approach in law that emerged in the early 1960's and its main purpose is managing the rules of the legal system in a way to achieve economic efficiency. This approach has been influential in all the areas of law including the law of civil liability and follows to set up the compensation system based on some principles to minimize the costs resulting from damages. This paper first uses the analytical method and tries to describe the theoretical framework of the economic fault and afterward follows up to explain how it is emerged in the case law. Economic analysis of civil liability law examines the basis of liability by using normative and positive approaches and evaluates the capability of each approach to obtain economic efficiency and at the end chooses the economical fault as the basis of liability from the viewpoint of both approaches; a choice that is able to prevent the undesirable consequences of strict liability on economy, hence the economic analysis of law leads to the revival of fault in the civil liability system.


BACKGROUND
Proteins recovery using hydrochloric acid (HCl) in acid-aided solubilization could cause greater loss in its functionality over alkali-aided solubilization. Moreover using HCl in edible foods is also a health concern. Replacing HCl with organic acids for acid-aided solubilization could address these problems. The aim was to study the effect of organic acid (Glacial acetic acid) as a replacement to HCl during pH shift processing on the characteristics and functionality of rohu (Labeo rohita) protein isolates. Rohu proteins were obtained by solubilizing at pH 3.0 and pH 11.0 using glacial acetic acid and sodium hydroxide (10 mol L-1 ).

RESULTS
Results showed that solubilization at pH 11.0 gave higher protein yields (766.8 ± 2.4 g kg-1 ) compared to solubilization at pH 3.0 (735.7 ± 7.1 g kg-1 ) (p < 0.05). Isolates from acid-aided solubilization had higher whiteness and total pigment content over isolates obtained by alkali-aided solubilization. Rohu isolates recovered by alkaline solubilization showed higher water and oil holding capacity, gel strength, folding scores, foaming and emulsion capacity than acid processed isolates (p < 0.05). Solubilization of rohu proteins using glacial acetic acid produced isolates with low breaking force (149.0 g), low storage modulus (G') values and low folding test score (1.0) over the alkaline isolates (p < 0.05).

CONCLUSION
Results indicated that, recovering rohu proteins using organic acid (glacial acetic acid) could produce isolates with poor functional properties, while using the organic acid to precipitate the proteins solubilized by alkali-aided processing could produce proteins with better yields and functionality. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.


Optimization of the pile driver's large-body structure is important to achieve the driver's overall light weight. This paper studies the large-body structure of a hydraulic static pile driver. We used the APDL parametric design language provided by ANSYS to construct a geometric model of the large-body structure and performed a static analysis of the finite element model. Under the assumption that the strength and stiffness meet the design requirements, the optimization model was constructed with the thickness of each plate of the large-body structure as the design variable, the structural strength and stiffness as the constraints, and the minimum mass as the objective function. Finally, two optimization algorithms were used to solve the model, and the comparison of the two sets of solutions shows that the improved BP neural network algorithm based on the particle swarm optimization algorithm performs better. The optimized mass of the large-body structure was reduced from 82,556.1 kg to 65,046.15 kg, a mass reduction of 21%. The lightweight design of the pile driver was achieved.


Historically facilitative interactions were widely believed to be important structuring forces in nature (Clements et al. 1928; Allee et al. 1949; Odum 1969). This point of view, however, has received little recent support (see Connell and Slayter 1977 and Boucher et al. 1982 for reviews of the evidence). In contrast, contemporary ecologists have devoted tremendous effort o documenting the role of competition in nature. Studies of the role of competition in natural communities have found it to be generally stronger and more important in communities under benign than harsh physical conditions (see, e.g., Connell 1972; Keddy 1989). Many ecologists, however, have cautioned that the relationship between interspecific interactions and environmental stress has not been given adequate attention (Connell 1975; Fowler 1986; Goldberg 1990; Dunson and Travis 1991). Moreover, a number of ecologists have suggested that facilitative or positive interactions among species may be more characteristic of harsh physical environments where neighbors can potentially buffer one another from physical stress (Allee et al. 1949; Connell and Slayter 1977; Bertness 1989). The role of physical stress in mediating the relative importance of facilitative interactions in natural communities, however, has received little direct attention. Here we present the results of a field experiment hat examines the relationship between competitive and facilitative interactions in salt marsh habitats. Specifically, we test the hypothesis that facilitation is common in secondary succession under harsh physical conditions but that competition dominates under benign physical conditions. The seaward border of high marsh habitats in New England is dominated by the grass Spartina patens, whereas dense standsof the rush Juncus gerardi characterize the terrestrial border (Miller and Egler 1950; Nixon 1982). Competition determines this zonation. Juncus competitively excludes Spartina from the terrestrial border, while both Juncus and Spartina restrict a third perennial, Distichlis spicata, to low densities and disturbed habitats (Bertness 1991). Natural disturbance in these habitats frequently occurs when tidally transported plant debris smothers underlying plants (Reidenbaugh and Banta 1980; Bertness and Ellison 1987). Secondary succession in the resulting bare patches is very predictable. Bare patches are initially colonized by the succulent annual Salicornia europaea (fig. 1), which is competitively displaced by perennial turfs within 2-3 yr (Ellison 1987). Distichlis by vegetative growth rapidly invades disturbed patches, but within 3-4 yr it too is competitively displaced by the zonal dominants (Bertness and Ellison 1987). Because bare patches in marshes become hypersaline (30%o100%o) without plant


The utilization of information helps an individual accounting for escalation could reduce commitment with the locus of control on which to base these individuals in taking a decision. However, current circumstance when information accounting received unprofitable, then these individuals can do cheating namely escalation commitment. Research aims to scrutinize utilization of information accounting to avoid escalation commitment in levels of decision making with locus of control as moderating variable.
Escalation commitment at decision making represented on a scenario cases related to the nature of individual internal locus of control and external locus of control. The experiment was done using by design 2x2x2 between within subjects namely by test student scholarship for Magister Management Catholic Widya Mandala University through instrument cases related to decision making is usually done by manager in companies, by the number of participants 33 people. Experiment is done in class and supervised by researchers. Data from the end of it will analyzed by a statistical means ANOVA.
Experimental results show that individual nature locus of external control escalation will hold the act of individual internal commitment than the locus of control. But the nature of individual internal locus of control can reduce the act of escalation commitment if having alternative investment favorable when come using the strategies future benefit in levels of decision making investment.


The invention discloses a clamp for laser boring, which is a laser boring clamp which can maintain the flatness of an entire metal plate and can arbitrarily divide regions. The clamp is mainly formed by assembling a fixed support, a moveable support, a pressure strip, a fulcrum rack, an adjusting bolt, etc. The functions of straight tightening and region division of the clamp can effectively overcome the influence of thermal deformation of the metal plate on laser boring, and enable a metal baseplate to keep balance in a laser boring region. As the distance between the metal baseplate and a laser processing head can be maintained unchanged in an entire laser processing process, group bores with uniform diameter and favorable verticality can be obtained. The clamp can especially meet the requirement on high quality laser of boring of the metal plates, such as iron-base, stainless steel and tool steel and the like with the thickness ranging from 0.5 to 10 mm.


Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization has proven an effective tool for fast and accurate determination of many molecules. However, the detector sensitivity and chemical noise compromise the detection of many invaluable low-abundance molecules from biological and clinical samples. To challenge this limitation, we developed a targeted analyte detection (TAD) technique. In TAD, the target analyte is selectively elevated by spiking a known amount of that analyte into the sample, thereby raising its concentration above the noise level, where we take advantage of the improved sensitivity to detect the presence of the endogenous analyte in the sample. We assessed TAD on three peptides in simple and complex background solutions with various exogenous analyte concentrations in two MALDI matrices. TAD successfully improved the limit of detection (LOD) of target analytes when the target peptides were added to the sample in a concentration close to optimum concentration. The optimum exogenous concentration was estimated through a quantitative method to be approximately equal to the original LOD for each target. Also, we showed that TAD could achieve LOD improvements on an average of 3-fold in a simple and 2-fold in a complex sample. TAD provides a straightforward assay to improve the LOD of generic target analytes without the need for costly hardware modifications. In this study, we developed a generic technique for improving the sensitivity and detection limit of MALDI-MS. This method, named targeted analyte detection (TAD), selectively enhances the detection of analytes of interest. In TAD, a small known amount of analyte of interest is spiked into the sample, thereby elevating the concentration to levels above the noise, where the interference of the noise is relatively reduced and the sensitivity is increased. The added analyte acts as a carrier to suppress the matrix effect (introduced by interferences with other compounds in the sample) and enhances ion abundance of analyte of interest. The measured signal is thus contributed by both the endogenous and exogenous (spiked-in) analytes. Therefore, TAD uses the added standard to reveal the endogenous target analyte that was otherwise buried in the noise. In this study, we assess the feasibility of TAD in improving the detection limit of MALDI-MS. Additionally, we provide a systematic method for optimizing the spiking amount needed to achieve the maximum improvement in the limit of detection (LOD). The main advantage of TAD is that it is not limited to certain types of analytes, provided that the analyte of interest is available or can be synthesized for spiking into the unknown sample. Furthermore, this approach takes advantage of the generic sigmoidal shape of the calibration curve, which is very reproducible in a wide range of analytical instruments. Therefore, this method might be capable of improving the sensitivity in a wide range of instruments regardless of the detection technologies, including but not limited to mass spectrometers.


The invention discloses assembly process of tower sections for a large-diameter wind-power tower tube. The two tower sections are placed on corresponding groups of roller racks. Two groups of support rollers are arranged on each group of roller racks with one roller being as a main driving roller. Three groups of alligator-type assembly machines having rollers are positioned according to different positions in the tower sections by pushing the three groups in the tower sections. Main driving rollers of the groups of roller racks drive the two tower sections to rotate at the same time. During rotation of the tower sections, CO2 gas is utilized for shielded welding, positioning and welding in the position within the range of 200-300 mm of liftable roller centers of the three groups of alligator-type assembly machines having rollers. Positioning and welding are carried out in three positions at the same time. The assembly process of the tower sections for the large-diameter wind-power tower tube has following beneficial effects: continuous adjustments are made to overall alignment tolerance of whole sections of circular arcs in order to reduce stress concentration points at butt joints; stress can be uniformly distributed and quality risk is reduced; assembly efficiency is greatly improved; and accuracy quality is ensured.


IN 1990 the junior author found a large eurypterid in an isolated slab while carrying out field work in the Lower Devonian Snowblind Bay Formation of Cornwallis Island, Northwest Territories (Figure 1). The size of the slab, and its position on a precipitous scree slope, precluded its collection at that time. However, the specimen was collected by a party from the University of Alberta, Edmonton during the summer of 1994 and is now in the collections of the Geology Department. It bears the University of Alberta collections number UA10477. Eurypterids previously have been reported from the Silurian of the Canadian Arctic by Thorsteinsson (1958), Copeland and Bolton (1960), Copeland (1962), McGregor and Narbonne (1978), and Jones and Kjellesvig-Waering (1985). However, this new specimen represents the first documented eurypterid occurrence from the Devonian of this region. It is also the first record of a Canadian Arctic stylonurid.


The invention relates to hard disk fixing equipment and an electronic device provided with the same. The hard disk fixing equipment is used for fixing a hard disk on a body of the electronic device, and comprises a positioning assembly and a locking assembly, wherein the positioning assembly is fixedly arranged on the body; both the positioning assembly and the locking assembly comprise positioning parts for positioning a hard disk together; the positioning assembly further comprises a locking part provided with a buckling part; the locking assembly further comprises a locking part provided with a hooking piece; and the buckling part is used for locking or releasing the hooking piece to lock or separate the locking assembly and the positioning assembly, so that the hard disk is locked or separated from the body conveniently.


We observe no significant effect of gender on grades in our IE introductory mechanics courses at Loyola Marymount University, but we do observe a significant gender gap on FCI normalized gains, with males achieving higher gains than females. Over the past three years, FCI gains have improved for both male and female students in IE classes taught with the Thinking in Physics (TIP) pedagogy. However, a gender gap on FCI gains remains, even when scientific reasoning abilities are taken into account. Indeed, the gap appears much greater for students with the strongest scientific reasoning skills and the highest FCI gains. Data from IE introductory physics courses using modeling at Edward Little High School in Maine show a similar result with some additional data showing a reverse gender gap for those students with very weak scientific reasoning skills.


We have isolated mutations in the gene encoding a Drosophila 14-3-3e protein as suppressors of the rough eye phenotype caused by the ectopic expression of RAS1 TM. Using a simple loss-of-function 14-3-3c mutation, we show that 14-3-3~ acts to increase the efficiency of RAS1 signaling. The 14-3-3e protein appears to function in multiple RTK pathways, suggesting that it is a general component of RAS1 signaling cascade. Sequence analysis of three dominant-negative alleles defines two regions of 14-3-3~ that participate in RAS1 signaling. We also present evidence that 14-3-3¢ and 14-3-34, two 14-3-3 protein family members, are partially redundant for RAS1 signaling in photoreceptor formation and in animal viability. Our genetic data suggest that 14-3-3e functions downstream of or parallel to RAF, but upstream of nuclear factors in RAS1 signaling.


To improve the electrochemical properties of Ni-rich LiNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2 (LiNCA) cathode material, Ti doped or/and Al(OH)3 coated were by co-precipitation-assisted solid-phase and ball milling method was employed in this work.
 The morphology, structure, and electrochemical performance of the cathode materials were evaluated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) with energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDS), field emission transmission electron microscopy (FETEM) and electrochemical
 techniques. Ti doping is introduced into the octahedral lattice space occupied by Li-ions to widen the Li layer spacing and thereby increase the lithium diffusion kinetics. The Al(OH)3 coating also formed a non-uniform layer on the outside of LiNCA, thereby inhibiting side reactions
 between the electrode and the electrolyte. As a result, the LiNCA electrode showed a high initial discharge capacity of 167.4 mAh/g. However, after 100 cycles, it showed poor cycling stability of 41.7%. In contrast, Ti doped and Al(OH)3 coated LiNCA showed the best cycling stability
 of 82.2% after 100 cycles.


The estimation of states it is a problem that although it has not been considered of great relevance in the distribution networks along the history, has taken importance because of the need to know the systems operational states by the great advances of the networks in terms of new technologies and a constant growth in the long term. This paper presents a work focused on the selection of the number and location of meters in MT distribution networks to improve the State Estimation. For this purpose are used NSGA2 as an optimization technique in conjunction with DIgSILENT Power Factory and MATLAB to evaluate the objective function established for this problem.


Meckel's diverticulum is a normal anatomic variant found in 2% of the population. It is a remnant of the vitelline duct, which is usually located on the antimesenteric border of the ileum, within about 60 cm of the terminal ileum. As a congenital variant, Meckel's diverticula are often found in children and less commonly present in the adult population. The anatomic variant was initially identified by Fabricus Hildanus in 1598; however, Johann Meckel was the first to publish a detailed description of this not uncommon finding.1

From an embryological standpoint, a Meckel's diverticulum originates when the vitelline (or omphalomesenteric) duct, which normally connects the primitive gut to the yolk sac, fails to obliterate around the seventh or eighth week of gestation. This leads to several possible anomalies, including an omphalomesenteric fistula, an enterocyst, a fibrous band connecting the intestine to the umbilicus or a Meckel's diverticulum with or without a fibrous cord connecting to the umbilicus.2–4

Anatomically, the Meckel's diverticulum is a true diverticulum containing all layers of the small intestine, arising from the anti-mesenteric border of the ileum and receiving its blood supply from a remnant of the vitelline artery, which emanates from the superior mesenteric artery. A commonly quoted "rule of 2s" also applies: (1) 2% of the population have the anomaly, (2) it is approximately 2 inches in length, (3) it is usually found within 2 feet of the ileocecal valve, (4) it is often found in children under 2 years of age and (5) it affects males twice as often as females.2–6 Although these are good general guidelines, they are not based on accurate data. In an autopsy series, 0.14%–4.5% of cadavers contained a Meckel's diverticulum.7–11 The average length of a Meckel's diverticulum is 3 cm, with 90% ranging between 1 cm and 10 cm and the longest recorded being 100 cm.11–14 The mean distance from the ileocecal valve seems to vary with age, as Yamaguchi and colleagues14 showed in their study of 600 patients, with an average distance of 34 cm for children under 2 years of age. In people aged 3–21 years, the average distance of the Meckel's diverticulum from the ileocecal valve is 46 cm and for adults is 67 cm. The Meckel's diverticulum has actually been found to occur equally in both sexes,6,15–18 but it causes complications more frequently in males.11,15,19 A good, up-to-date review of the history, embryology, anatomy, complications and treatment of Meckel's diverticulum can be found at http://www.emedicine.com/med/topic2797.htm, by Kuwajerwala and colleagues.2

Here we provide an illustrative presentation, outlining the common complications of Meckel's diverticulum in adults. We saw 2 of these cases within a 2-week period and 2 additional cases in the preceding 3 years.


Precise Point Positioning (PPP) technique is one of the most important subject in Geomatic Engineering. PPP technique needs only one GNSS receiver and users have preferred it instead of traditional relative positioning technique for several applications. Scientific software has been used for PPP solutions and the software may underestimate the formal errors of the estimated coordinates. The formal errors have major effects on statistical interpretation. Variance-Covariance (VCV) matrix derived from GNSS processing software plays important role for deformation analysis and scientists sometimes need to scale VCV matrix. In this study, 10 continuously operating reference stations have been considered for 11 days dated 2014. All points have been analyzed by Gipsy-OASIS v6.4 scientific software. The solutions were derived for different session durations as 2, 4, 6, 8, 12 and 24 hours to obtain repeatability of the coordinates and analyses were carried out in order to estimate scale factor for Gipsy-OASIS v6.4 PPP results. According to the first results scale factors slightly increase depending on the raises in respect of session duration.


In this paper, we present recent contributions for the battle against one of the main problems faced by search engines: the spamdexing or web spamming. They are malicious techniques used in web pages with the purpose of circumvent the search engines in order to achieve good visibility in search results. To better understand the problem and finding the best setup and methods to avoid such virtual plague, in this paper we present a comprehensive performance evaluation of several established machine learning techniques. In our experiments, we employed two real, public and large datasets: the WEBSPAM-UK2006 and the WEBSPAM-UK2007 collections. The samples are represented by content-based, link-based, transformed link-based features and their combinations. The found results indicate that bagging of decision trees, multilayer perceptron neural networks, random forest and adaptive boosting of decision trees are promising in the task of web spam classification.


Calendar for the year 1934, bound in full light blue leather with gilt decorations. Contains: Page for each month of 1934, with memoranda page facing each -- Anniversaries and festivals -- Legal holidays in New York State -- Birth stones -- Wedding anniversaries -- Chronology of Tiffany & Company -- Sterling silver marks used by Tiffany & Company -- Calendar for 1934 -- Calendar for 1935.


Objective Several studies were conducted to assess media-specific communication protocols as a countermeasure to challenges of asynchronous space–ground communication. Background Previous research demonstrated that transmission delay can negatively impact space–ground communication, collaboration, and task performance. We created media-specific protocols designed to mitigate identified problems associated with asynchronous communication and examined their effects on team communication and task performance. Methods The lab study included 24 teams of three who collaborated remotely via voice or text on computer-based tasks simulating failures in a spacecraft's life support system. Training and availability of communication protocols was the between-groups variable. Perceived usability, criticality, and effectiveness of the communication protocols were also assessed in space–analog simulations. Results Lab study data revealed that communication protocols facilitated some aspects of team communication; specifically, they reduced threats to common ground and information splitting but not instances of miscommunication. Analog data indicated that protocol compliance was high, participants evaluated most elements as highly important, and protocols maintained perceived communication effectiveness between space crews and mission control during time delay comparably to no-time-delay conditions. Conclusion Converging data attest to the feasibility, usability, and effectiveness of empirically derived communication protocols as a countermeasure to the negative impacts of transmission delay and also point to technological solutions. Application The communication protocols have been adopted for training in NASA analog simulations involving time-delayed communication. They could also support communication among remote team members in medical operations, command-and-control teams, or disaster response under asynchronous conditions or when time is limited and precise communication is critical.


In order to improve the detection accuracy of spliced images, a new blind detection based on visual saliency was proposed in this paper. Firstly, create the edge conspicuous map by an improved OSF-based method, and extract fixations by visual attention model. Then locate those fixations on conspicuous edges by conspicuous edge positioning method. Accordingly, key feature fragments can be captured. Secondly, extract Extended Hidden Markov Model features, and reduce their dimension by SVM-RFE. Finally, support vector machine was exploited to classify the authentic and spliced images. The experimental results showed that, when testing on the Columbia image splicing detection dataset, the detection accuracy of the proposed method was 96.68%.


The crystal structure and magnetic properties of Bi 1–x Ca x Fe 1–x Mn x O 3 (x ≤ 0.22) have been studied. It was shown that the rhombohedral (R3c) polar phase at x > 0.18 transforms into the nonpolar orthorhombic phase (Pnma). The polar phase is antiferromagnetic and metamagnetic at x < 0.1. The polar and nonpolar phases are weak ferromagnets with remnant magnetization around 0.07 emu/g (x = 0.18 and х = 0.22). Decreasing the temperature leads to the state close to antiferromagnetic.


The Fast Moving Consumer Goods (FMCG) are the goods which we, all generally use in our day to day life. This are also called low packaged unit. We cannot imagine of living without this products because these are the products which we all often use in our daily life. The most common in these categories are: - Washing powder and detergent cake, bathing soap, tooth paste, hair oil, saving cream, milk etc. Washing powder and detergent cake are one of the most important products in this category without which we cannot lead our lives. Rural market is still not fully tapped and need special attention to cure the specific requirement of the customers due to their low and seasonal income. The main objective of writing this paper is to find out the most preferred brand of detergent powder and cake among the rural customer. Also author want to know the reason behind this. By knowing this the companies can design their marketing strategies. This paper has framed to understand the shopping behavior of the customer living in the rural area when question of buying detergent powder and cake is concerned.