Results of two experiments, comparing the effects of leguminous creepers and naturals as ground covers on growth of immature rubber, are discussed. In one ex periment the growth of rubber in plots under pure legume covers was better than that under naturals. Application of extra nitrogen to trees in plots with natural covers improved their growth but the latter was not comparable to that in legume plots. In the other experiment the increase ingrowth of rubber with higher levels of fertilizer nitrogen was observed irrespective of the type of cover.


Historically, disaster response management for children and young people, people from linguistically diverse cultural backgrounds and Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples have been shaped by a vulnerability and risk discourse, informed by trauma-informed and risk mitigation strategies. These are vital, but the vulnerability discourse has moved into other areas of disaster prevention, preparedness, response, recovery and resilience. Vulnerability has been linked to pre-existing, socially produced inequalities and power structures. This has worked to homogenise, marginalise and diminish the capability of community members in resilience efforts. The United Nations Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015-2030 [Sendai Framework] calls for governments and relevant stakeholders to 'advocate for resilient communities and an inclusive and all-of-society disaster risk management' (UNDRR 2015, p.23). This includes the meaningful engagement of people who are marginalised from resilience building. The Sendai Framework makes a specific argument for engaging children and young people, declaring they are agents of change who should be given the space to contribute to disaster risk reduction. The aim of this paper is to consider how the Sendai Framework has influenced the inclusion of young people in disaster resilience and to introduce emerging evidence of how young people are joining the dots to reimagine community resilience.


UNLABELLED
The right atrium (RA)-external thorax (ET) arrangement has several advantages when used for intracavitary cardioversion of atrial fibrillation (AF): it utilizes a single catheter, the procedure does not need radioscopic follow-up, little endovascular contact results, and there is flexibility in the positioning of the ET electrode. However it is not commonly used and only scantly studied.

OBJECTIVES
To evaluate experimentally in animals the efficacy and safety of a new loop electrode placed in the RA in the RA-ET arrangement and to compare it with the RA-pulmonary artery (PA) configuration.

METHOD
Ten mongrel dogs with acute induced AF are to be cardioverted with the two arrangements, using increasing levels of energy and its efficacy compared. If lesions show up in the anatomic pathology, a complementary study with three animals will be carried out to assess its origin.

RESULTS
The average energy needed for cardioversion was similar in the two arrangements (P = 0.86). Myocardial lesions found were not attributable to the new electrode but supposedly to the AF induction catheter.

CONCLUSION
The new electrode model is effective and safe, besides being easy to use and of low cost.


The relation between resonator modes and unstable periodic orbits in a fully chaotic quasi-stadium laser resonator is investigated. The complicated wavelength dependence of the power-coupling coefficient is explained by a simple coupling model, which considers some unstable periodic orbits


In this issue of Blood , Stritt et al describe how twinfilin 2a (Twf2a), an actin-binding protein, negatively regulates platelet reactivity and turnover in a manner that is intriguingly different from other cytoskeleton-related proteins. 1


Conventional concentrically-braced frame (CBF) systems have limited drift capacity before brace bu ckling and related damage leads to deterioration in strength and stiff ness. Self-centering concentrically-braced frame (SC-CBF) systems have been developed to increase drift capacity prior to initiation of d amage and minimize residual drift. SC-CBFs differ from conventional CB Fs in that the SC-CBF columns are designed to uplift from the foundation at a specified level of lateral loading, initiating a ri gid-body rotation (rocking) of the frame. Vertically-aligned post-ten sioning bars resist uplift and provide a restoring force to return the SC-CBF columns to the foundation (self-centering the system). This pa per presents a parametric study of different prototype buildings u sing SC-CBFs. The bay widths of the SC-CBFs have been varied in these buildings to study different geometries. Nonlinear numerical analyses of the different SC-CBFs are presented to illustrate the e ffect of frame geometry on the behavior and dynamic response of the SC-CBF system.


The expression of 'Human Rights' was not expressly defined in Indian legal structure till enactment of the Protection of Human Rights Act,1993. However, one must not construe, directly or indirectly, that the human rights movement was started in post-independent era only after 1993. In the pursuit for a just society, rather than an ordered socio-political society, Indian Constitution, its constitutionalism and Indian Judiciary esp. Supreme Court of India have been advocating protection of 'human rights' from its inception. The role of Supreme Court, in this regard, is phenomenal. The concepts involved with the human rights are dynamic per se. The terms "Life", "Liberty", "Equality" and "Dignity" is not defined either in the Constitution of India or Statute. Only through judicial interpretation, we conceive the scope and domain of these ever growing and affluent concepts of human existence. Human emancipation against all forms of subjugation or exploitation of State, society or individual is fought on these concepts. All these concepts are so closely juxtaposed in a human life, it will lose its edge and shine in the absence of others. However, considering the vastness of these concepts, the author confines its venture to the role of SC in the realm of right to life, guaranteed under Art 21 of the Indian constitution, in recognizing Human Rights in India by way of positive assertion of human rights in Indian polity.


Abstract : This report summarizes a study which has been devoted to statistical research in a number of problem areas associated with Navy impact acceleration and ship motion programs. The report reviews research results and provides a list of technical reports and other publications prepared under this contract.


In this paper, we present a user study of a multimodal interface to control a robotic manipulator that employs voice and multi-touch commands. We have designed and implemented a new interface based on the results of a pilot study. This interface operates in three control modes that allow the user of a manipulator to translate, rotate, open, and close the gripper using four types of touch gestures. In order to switch among control modes, the user can employ voice commands. Thirty-four students who were unfamiliar with robotic arms were recruited. Twenty of them used our new interface, and the other controlled the same seven-degree-of-freedom manipulator using a conventional keypad. All of the participants were instructed on how to control the manipulator, carried out a task five times, and filled out a questionnaire. After completing the questionnaire, they were interviewed. Finally, we gave them another task in order to test their ability to change the orientation of the gripper. The study revealed that the new interface was easier to learn than the conventional interface that employs the keypad. Furthermore, it was easy for the participants to control the robotic manipulator using the multimodal interface. In addition, some findings valuable for the design of manipulator control interface were obtained.


In this work, a right angle broadband transition from substrate integrated waveguide to air-filled rectangular waveguide is proposed at the W-band. Two pairs of inductive posts and multi-section stepped waveguide impedance transformer are used to obtain the broader matching. HFSS simulation result of the transition shows a return loss less than - 10 dB and insertion loss is less than 0.5 dB over an impedance bandwidth is about 50.1%. This transition structure can provide a wider bandwidth and simple structure, which can be applied to more systems.


The effect of temperature on intracellular ATP levels in cells of the ascitic Hepatoma 129 has been determined using an UV‐enzymic method. ATP levels are found to vary inversely with temperature over the range (4°–37°C) studied, and this variation is found to be reversible. An indication of a possible direct correlation of ADP level with temperature was also obtained.


In this work we present a FPGA-based system for real-time processing of neural signals acquired by commercial high-density microelectrode array (HDMEA). The considered MEA features 4096 electrodes with 18kHz sampling frequency and 12-bit resolution, thus produces nearly 1 Gbps of data. Within the implementation, we considered low-latency as a main objective, to allow for closed-loop acquisition-stimulation experiments, that represent a novel promising frontier in neuro-physiology and in the development of brain-machine interfaces. The developed platform is implemented on a low-to-mid Zynq all-programmable SoC, and is able to perform all the required computation (from signal acquisition to response generation) with less than 2ms latency, enabling closed-loop applications in a wide range of experiments.


This paper follows Ling and Ryngaert (1997) and Brounen and Eichholtz (2001) who investigate the underpricing of REIT initial public offerings (lPOs) in the United States and Europe respectively. This study adds to the international literature by investigating Australian property trusts. It reports a variety of descriptive statistics on 37 Australian property trust IPOs from 1994 to 1999. What it also contributes is the finding that some IPOs have extremely low volumes of shares traded on the first day so the simple use of a closing price at the end of the first day to determine underpricing returns (without reference to the volume of trading) may not always be the optimum method of calculating these returns.


The characteristics of reverse osmosis concentrate produced during the reclamation of electroplating wastewater were analyzed. A process combining advanced oxidation, heavy metal removal, and biochemical treatment was recommended. Some commonly-used advanced oxidation technologies such as micro-electrolysis, Fenton oxidation, and electrocatalytic oxidation were reviewed. The advantages and disadvantages of some heavy metal removal methods such as chemical precipitation, ion exchange, and using heavy metal capturing agents were summarized. Some biochemical treatment processes including BAF(biological aerated filter), A/O(anaerobic/oxic), and MBR(membrane bioreactor) were evaluated. The potential development of the combined process was proposed.


To connect C4ISR simulation system and the weapon system into a network and to enableinteroperability between them,a networking design scheme was presented,in which the proxy federatebased on HLA was used to connect the distributed weapon system into the HLA system,and theinteractive data among them were interchanged by HLA/RTI.The system design enables theinteroperability between the system on four levels: network,data,model,and simulation director.


This study aims to see the implementation of learning in the application of the Make A Match cooperative learning model with critical reading activities in class VII-3 of SMP N 3 Pariaman. In this study, data collection was done by filling out observation sheets. The instrument used to measure the success of the cooperative learning model makes learning fit with critical reading activities. The results of the analysis show that the application of the cooperative learning model makes the compatibility of students with critical reading activities on teacher activities by 99% with good categories and on 98% of student activities. This research proves that the cooperative learning model that is suitable for critical reading activities is appropriate.


Cell division is an essential biological process, and regulation of cell division is of relevance for many important fields of biology and medicine. Introducing exogenous substances, such as nanoparticles, into the nucleus, has been experimentally studied to regulate the division of cells. Herein we considered this phenomenon from a general view of energetics. Through analyzing the thermodynamics during the cell division process, we investigated the optimal symmetry for cell division and the effect of nanoparticles on the energy barriers. The presence of nanoparticles inside cell nucleus might arrest cells before cytokinesis or other stages, thereby regulate the cell division.


The value of chromosome microarray (CMA) in the prenatal detection of significant chromosome anomalies is well‐established. To guide the introduction of this technique in routine clinical practice, the Joint Committee on Genomics in Medicine developed national UK guidelines for reporting prenatal CMA in 2015.


The efficiency and composition of lipid extracts of peach palm pulp ( Bactris gasipaes Kunth), harvested in four different locations in the Colombian Pacific region, were evaluated by two different extraction methods. Soxhlet extraction method with hexane as a solvent, and supercritical fluid CO 2 extraction method (SFE CO 2 ) at 26,890 MPa and 330 K were tested. Results showed a higher efficiency for the SFE CO 2 method (4.03-8.28% m/m) as compared to the Soxhlet method (1.5-2.73% m/m) for four ecotypes or crops. Furthermore, the lipids characterization of the different ecotypes, performed by gas chromatography with a flame ionization detector (FID), showed a high content of unsaturated fatty acids, olive oil-like, with 36.23-51.89% m/m oleic acid, 2.38-8.82% m/m linoleic acid, and 0.22-1.58% m/m linolenic acid. The lipid content of peach palm fruit corroborate its potential as a very good source of essential fatty acids.


AIM: To research the effect of Sanqitongshu capsule on expressions of serum level of IL-1β and IL-8 of patients with the intra-and extra-cranial arteriostenosis after stent-assisted angioplasty. METHODS: Patients were randomly divided into two groups: Sanqitongshu capsule group and control group.The serum level of IL-1β and IL-8 in during different phases(before and 1 h,1,3,7 d after stent-assisted angioplasty) were detected with ELISA.RESULTS:There were significant differences in the levels of serum IL-1β and IL-8 among the 5 time points using one-way ANOVA(F value=21.03,24.813 respectively)(P=0.0001).IL-1β,IL-8 began to increase 1 h after the operations and reached the maximal value 24 h later.We also found significant differences in the levels of serum IL-1β and IL-8 between 1 d after the operation and the remaining time points(P0.05).The serum 1evel of IL-1β and IL-8 were significantly decreased in Sanqitongshu capsule group contrasted with the control group in 3 d,7 d after operation(P0.05).CONCLUSION: Serum 1evels of IL-1β and IL-8 increases markedly in patients with the intra-and extra-cranial arteriostenosis after stent-assisted angioplasty.Sanqitongshu capsule can decrease the expressions of IL-1β and IL-8 in the early period and reduce the inflammatory reaction of cerebral ischemia cascade reaction effectively.


Palabras claves. Desaparicion, duelo, prueba de realidad, trabajo de duelo, objeto de amor. Abstract. The present study deals with grieving in those individuals who have lost a loved one through a disappearance. According to Freud (1917) the grieving starts from the evidence of the truth confronted by the individual of the nonexistence of the lost object, however in the case of the disappeared individuals (objects) this proof of reality is missing, because the nonexistence of a body. The kin of the disappeared person put up resistance to maintain alive the image of the nonexistent object, holding back the grieving process, hoping the loved one will appear or return someday, or at least his/her body will be found, (proof of reality) to be able to grief or by replacing the lost object. A story of the life of a disappeared person's relative presents itself in order to understand the self knowledge and his/her reality with regard to the disappearing. The renunciation and acceptance of the loss of the loved one becomes painful, and also the person develops a resistance to it, as we know this object/subject is unique and irreplaceable and it should not become something else. Allouch (1996) tells us that that something else, is a "small part of himself". We accept the loss of a loved one as well as we accept a loss of ourselves.


The invention discloses a butting mechanism for hoses. A screw cap is arranged in one end of each of two hoses to be butted; the section of the end, in the corresponding hose, of each screw cap is tapered; threads are arranged at two ends of the butting mechanism respectively, and correspond to threads of the screw caps in two ends of the two hoses. According to the butting mechanism, a worker needs not to frequently check whether an iron wire at the joint between the two hoses is loosened or not, so that the aims of saving time, saving labor, saving manpower, simplifying operation and creating good sealing effect can be achieved.


Background

One of the most common causes of death in the world is coronary artery disease (CAD). Estrogen, the most important early sex hormones in women, plays an important role in the risk reduction of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Expression of estrogen as well as its receptorsˈ including estrogen receptor alpha (ER1) and estrogen receptor beta (ER2) might have an association with the severity or complexity of CAD. Since most articles have focused on the relationship between ER1 gene polymorphism and CAD, in this study we aimed to evaluate the association of two ER2 gene polymorphisms, AluI and RsaI, with severity of CAD.
Methods

148 patients with confirmed CAD who underwent elective percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) were included in this study. Blood samples were collected before coronary angiography and ER2 gene polymorphisms were analyzed by the PCR-RFLP method. The STNTAX Score (SS), grading system for CAD complexity, was evaluated by an interventional cardiologist who was blinded to other data.
Results

110 men and 38 women were participated in this study. Our results revealed a statistically significant relationship between SS and RsaI polymorphism of ER2 (p = 0.01). In contrast, there was no association between AluI genotypes and SS.
Conclusions

Besides to estrogen level, the genetic variation of its receptors might play an important role in the severity or complexity of CAD. According to our results, RsaI polymorphism of ER2 gene may assert a pivotal role in the severity of CAD; however this assumption needs to be proved in studies with a larger population.


With good treatment and care in intensive care unit, post-transplant problems could be prevented by using organ donation at the highest level. The survival of the organ to be donated depends directly on its good protection. Therefore, the follow-up of donor candidates should be performed by knowledgeable and experienced maintenance team members. In the care team, due to their critical role, nurses are responsible for protecting the donor, controlling all of his vital functions and providing care to the family until the transplantation. The nursing care to potential organ donors is a complex process and requires better skills and emotional maturity, which are not always present. In this study, the nursing care process of the potential donor in the intensive care unit is explained.


The M2 proton-conductive channel of influenza A virus is a tetrameric bundle which forms an integral membrane protein that is activated after endocytosis in the endosome at low pH. For proton gating the side chains His-37 and Trp-41 are identified to play an important role. Here, we investigated these side chain conformations of a synthetic 25-residue peptide containing the M2 trans-membrane domain (M2TMD) by solid state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) experiments and quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics (QM/MM) simulations. The trans-membrane peptide was reconstituted as an α-helical tetrameric bundle in liquid crystalline lipid membranes in the form of multilamellar vesicles and/or oriented model membranes. The M2TMD was labelled with Nε1 at Trp-41. We applied different static N-NMR experiments and investigated the motionally narrowed N chemical shift tensors of Trp-41 for closed and opened states. The following side chain torsion angles for Trp-41 were obtained: (χ1=-110°±30°, χ2=+130°±30°) and (χ1=-55°±30°, χ2=+130°±30°) in the closed and open state. Key-Words: Solid State NMR, influenza A virus, M2 trans-membrane protein, proton channel gating, side chain torsion angles, hybrid QM/MM force field


Seven varieties and 6 strains of avocados grown in the Rio Grande Valley of Texas, were tested by Stephens, Lime and Griffiths (1957) for the preparation of an avocado mixture for guacamole. Some of these varieties and strains retained a thick butter-like consistency after being frozen and thawed. Others became soft and released a watery phase. Individuals asked to evaluate the guacamole objected to the watery separation because it detracted from the appearance of the product. Freshly prepared unfrozen guacamole does not separate as badly as the frozen and thawed product. This watery separation was not mentioned by the other investigators whose publications have been briefly reviewed.


This prospective cohort study was designed to quantify the time required for patients undergoing colonoscopy with propofol sedation to return to normal activities/ feel back normal and determine whether patientor procedure-related factors were associated with delays in return to function. This study included 135 patients undergoing outpatient colonoscopy in an ambulatory or hospital setting. Patients were asked about their employment and functional status before undergoing colonoscopy; they were then called 7 to 10 days later and asked about their recovery. Demographics and clinical data were retrospectively extracted from patient charts. Patients returned to functional activities in 0.96 ± 0.8 days (median of one day). Patients felt normal in 1 ± 1.3 days (median of one day). Total propofol dose, work status, presence of sleep apnea, and BMI were significantly correlated with return to normal activities and feeling back to normal. There were no differences in recovery time when comparing hospital versus ambulatory settings. Based on these results, most patients undergoing colonoscopy with propofol sedation can be expected to return to normal activities within one day. Factors that may contribute to a longer recovery period may be propofol dose, work status, presence of sleep apnea, and BMI. The American Cancer Society estimates about 140,250 new cases of colorectal cancer will be diagnosed in 2018; of those, about 50,630 will die from their disease. In fact, there is an increasing mortality among those < –50 years of age, which is why the American Cancer Society now recommends starting colorectal cancer screenings at 45 years of age in average-risk individuals.1 Therefore, it is important to encourage colonoscopy screening while limiting patient barriers. Time is a big consideration when scheduling a colonoscopy. Patients must spend considerable amounts of time preparing and then recovering from the sedation administered during the procedure before they return to normal activity.2 One way to decrease recovery time maybe to use propofol sedation during endoscopy. Propofol has an early onset and a short half-life, with a low side effect profile.3 It allows for deeper sedation and overall patient comfort compared with other sedatives. Propofol has become popular because of its faster recovery time, leading to greater patient and physician satisfaction.4 The present study was designed to examine recovery times in patients undergoing colonoscopy with propofol in an ambulatory and hospital setting. In addition, variables associated with longer recovery times were assessed. This is a prospective double-blinded cohort study in patients undergoing a colonoscopy using propofol in an ambulatory and hospital setting. This study was reviewed and approved by the OhioHealth Institutional Review Board. The colonoscopies were performed by the OhioHealth Colon and Rectal surgeons between September 2017 and March 2018. Colonoscopies were performed at a hospital, Grant Medical Center (GMC), or a same day surgery center, OhioHealth Pickerington Surgical Center (PSC), with a certified registered nurse anesthetist administering the sedation. All patients $18 years old, undergoing an outpatient colonoscopy under propofol sedation, and an English speaker were included in this study. Patients were consented and enrolled in the study before the colonoscopy. The patients were asked about their employment status (1. full time$ 30 hours per week, 2. part time< 30 hours per week, 3. unemployed, and 4. retired), and their functional status was recorded based on standard metabolic equivalents. After the procedure, the patients' charts were then retrospectively reviewed for the following information: age, gender, amount of propofol given (total and mg/kg), length of procedure, and comorbidities. The patients received phone call follow-up questions 7 to 10 days after the procedure. Patient's were asked the following questions: Address correspondence and reprint requests to Emiko Hayakawa, M.D., Department of Surgery, OhioHealth Grant Medical Center, 203 S. Wall Street, Apartment 309, Columbus, OH 43215. E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com.


Research and managerial literatures on core competencies present them as essential to corporations because these competencies, proposed by the literatures to be difficult to acquire and imitate, are applied repeatedly to produce products and services delivering value to customers and wealth to corporations. Indeed, researchers and managers consider the significance of core competencies to be immense as they are the central intellectual means through which corporations produce valuable products and services. Paradoxically, though, rather than providing a clear, focused description, or picture, of what core competencies are and how they contribute to their host corporations, these same literatures present a sprawling, even fragmented picture of core competencies' essence and contribution.In contrast, this book presents a clear empirical model of corporations' core competencies' essence; provides a clear conceptual treatment of how core competencies' contextual, corporate contributions occur; presents valid methodologies for discovering and understanding corporations' specific core competencies; and delineates an agenda for executives and researchers to collaborate in learning about core competencies and in using them to provide value for corporate stakeholders, especially customers. The book also places core competencies within their historical and social context, and it presents conceptual and methodological tools to assist in managing and discovering them.


In this investigation we report results of a study designed to test the effect of cross-cultural values on multisource feedback (MSF). With the participation of a sample of 501 managers from Venezuela and Colombia, two collectivistic and high power distance countries, results of the study indicate that cultural values distort the evaluations involved in MSF systems. Specifically, unlike reports of studies conducted in individualistic and low power distance environments, we found that (a) peers are the least discrepant source of information, (b) subordinates tend to provide the highest evaluations across feedback sources, and (c) there is an excessive emphasis on people-oriented behaviors. Results are discussed in light of the conflict between our findings and those in existing literature. The practical implications of MSF in multi-cultural workplaces are addressed.


To the Editor, As stated in our manuscript, we agree with Xiaoxiao Guo and Jianye Wang that firm conclusions about management of lymph node dissection in salvage radical prostatectomy setting should ideally be based on prospectively gathered data. However, as emphasized in our manuscript, such data are scant. In consequence, population‐based observations such as those presented in our manuscript represent a reasonable substitute. Nonetheless, as we have emphasized in the paper, they are limited by multiple and important limitations. We thank the authors of the letter to the editor for reminding us of that important point.


The sunflower has shown suitability as an option in crop rotation and succession planting in grain producing regions, and when grown as an intercrop, proves to be an interesting choice for integrated crop-livestock systems. The aim of this work was to evaluate the agronomic performance of intercropping the sunflower with Brachiaria ruziziensis at different sowing times and spacing between rows. The experiment was carried out at the experimental area of the Centro Universitario da Grande Dourados, UNIGRAN, in the town of Dourados, in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. The experimental design was of randomised blocks in a 3 x 2 x 2 factorial arrangement (three sowing times, two spacings between rows, 0.45 and 0.90 m, and two cropping systems, as monocrop and intercropped with brachiaria between rows), with four replications. The agronomic characteristics evaluated in the EMBRAPA 122 variety of sunflower were plant height, head diameter, number of achenes per head, 100-achene weight, productivity and oil content. The intercropped sunflower and brachiaria system sown on 8 March promoted greater productivity, and that sown on 21 February, greater plant height, stem diameter and head diameter. The oil content and 100-achene weight were greater when sown on 8 and 23 March. The spacing of 0.90 m resulted in a larger quantity of achenes per head.


The invention relates to an air conditioner having a refrigerant circuit (2), in which at least one compressor (3) and at least one heat exchanger (1) are arranged and in which a refrigerant flows, and a refrigerant medium circuit (11), in which at least a pump (12), at least one heat exchanger (1) and at least one cold accumulator (13) are arranged and in which a cold carrier medium flows, wherein a heat exchanger (1) is provided, in which a heat exchange between the refrigerant medium and the refrigerant takes place, and a method for operating such an air conditioner.


This paper describes the merits and application problems for attention of self-shunt excitation used in large scale turbine-generator in power system.According to the application both at home and abroad,self-shunt excitation system for large thermal power generator is feasible.Importantly,improved measurements of high and low voltage controlled bridge rectifier adopted to enhance strong excitation ability index are discussed based on self-shunt excitation mode.


We consider the system o f  Lotka-Volterra differential equations with two control variables and describe an optimal control, which provides a transition to a stationary point in a minimum time. We also found an optimal control for the limit case, on condition that the phase trajectories are located near a stationary point. Optimal trajectories of motion in the phase space are constructed; they look like spirals. Problems in programming 2020; 2-3: 287-294


Abstract (EN) The article presents and explains transactions of restructuring of businesses in respect of taking over transactions from the Slovak and European tax point of view. The merger transactions from the tax perspective are regulated by The Council Directive 2009/133/EC of 19 October 2009 on the common system of taxation applicable to mergers, divisions, partial divisions, transfers of assets and exchanges of shares concerning companies of different Member States and to the transfer of the registered office of an SE or SCE between Member States. In this respect, the article analyzes certain selected types of restructuring of businesses, such as (i) sale of business or the part of business, (ii) contribution in kind of business or the part of business, (iii) merger transaction from the selected Slovak legal implications that can be used in the agribusiness sector.


We explain here how the bottom-up evaluation method of Revesz for recursive programs with arithmetic constraints, can be adapted from the domain of integers to the domain of reals. We apply the procedure to characterize the set of ancestors of a given state H for timed automata. (An ancestor of H is a state linked to H by a sequence of transitions.) Such a procedure also applies to extensions of timed automata where, in particular , real variables are used not only as clocks but as data registers. The procedure has been successfully experimented for proving automatically the correctness of a sophisticated reactive program that controls dataaow rates on ATM networks.


Always, through the language, we can create new words using different ways each times we feel that it is necessary. A goodway to observe this new creative skill in Albanian language is through its explanatory dictionaries. The explanatory dictionary, in thiscase, serves not only to explain or ranked meanings that have the Albanian language words, but through it we can do also a "linguisticphotography' of Albanian language. The "linguistic photography", in this case, means the reflection of the meanings that a word has(linguistic reality) and the word-formation tools that the Albanian speakers use to create a new word. The object of our study relates,exactly, to the desire to analyze the word-formation with suffix, created after year 1980. To do this we will refer at two Albaniandictionaries: Fjalori i gjuhes shqipe (2006) and Fjalori i gjuhes se sotme shqipe (1980) publications of the Academy of Sciences ofAlbania. From these two dictionaries we have extracted the corpus of words that are includes only in the dictionary of 2006. We havedistinguished only the new words from this lexical corpus, which have entered into Albanian language, these last decades, as formationof words with suffixes.


Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is an important horticultural cropin the Rio Grande do Sul state, they are cultivated in two growing seasons,but with low yield. The tablestock is the predominant market and newcultivars should have high yield potential and good appearance to beaccepted by growers. Clonal evaluation determines its potential either asprogenitors in the breeding program or as new cultivars. The objective wasto identify potato clones with high yield, good tuber appearance andtablestock potential and adapted to two growing seasons. The clonesSMINIA90244-1, SMINIAIpora, SMINIA95043-11, SMINIA93057-1,Dakota Rose, SMIE040-6RY, SMIF165-6RY and the check cultivar Macacawere evaluated during autumn and spring of 2003 and autumn of 2004. Theexperiment was carried out in a randomized block design with fourreplications. In the average of three growing seasons, the clonesSMINIA90244-1, SMINIAIpora and the cultivar Macaca had the highesttotal yield, which is highly desirable for new cultivars. All evaluated cloneshad acceptable tuber appearance. The clone SMINIA90244-1 shared highyield and tuber number per hill and good tuber appearance. In the averageof three growing seasons, SMINIA90244-1 had tuber yield 19% higherthan the check cultivar Macaca, which should be an option as new cultivarto attend the tablestock market of Rio Grande do Sul.


From 1980's,in order to adapt the trend of the word knowledge economy developing Taiwan drawed up and preformed knowledge economy development tactics to actively develop top new-technique industries and constructed scientific and technological fields.Meantime,Taiwan took a series of matching measures to strongly promote Taiwan's industrial escalatation and enhance the strength of withstanding risk.At present,our coutry is in the key stage of adjusting the insdustrial structure and speeding up the industrial escalatation to neet the challenge of the world knowledge economy.Now,it is an urgent task for each region to make perfect strategy of developing knowledge economy .The tactics, such as specific routes,capital channels,construction of infrastructure, information service system, etc. of Taiwan developing knowledge economy, are of beneficial enlightenment to us for developing knowledge economy tactics.


Covariance assignment theory, introduced in the late 1980s, provided the only means to directly control the steady-state error properties of a linear system subject to Gaussian white noise and parameter uncertainty. However, the assignment theory does not extend to control of the transient uncertainties and to date there exist no practical engineering solutions to the problem of directly and optimally controlling the uncertainty in a linear system from one Gaussian distribution to another. In this thesis I design a Receding Horizon Controller (RHC) that takes a controllable, deterministic linear system from an arbitrary initial covariance near a desired stationary covariance in finite time. The RHC solves a sequence of free-time Optimal Control Problems (OCP) with a terminal constraint on the matrix Lie group of invertible matrices. I show that by leveraging special properties of OCP on Lie groups, the transversality condition corresponding to the terminal constraint reduces the boundary value problem (BVP) for each OCP to either a final value problem with -many unknowns or to an initial value problem with -many unknowns. The RHC is demonstrated on a simple planar system using an indirect method to solve the OCP at each update, and I argue that extension to higher-dimensional systems using either direct or indirect methods will require special consideration of the Lie group structure. I conclude with some remarks on the possible extension of a classic result called Lie's method of reduction to receding horizon control.


Noncollinearly phase-matched optical parametric conversion is a candidate to generate tunable extremely-short pulses in the wide range of the visible1-3.


The fundamental indicators of stocks include information as well as the effects of noise and bias on the stock prices; however, identifying the effects of noise and bias is generally difficult. In this article, I present the true fundamentals hypothesis based on rational expectations and detect bias components from the actual fundamental indicators by using a log-normal distribution model based on the true fundamentals hypothesis. The analysis results show that biases generally exhibit the same characteristics, strongly supporting the true fundamentals hypothesis. Notably, the positive price-to-cash flows from the investing activities ratio is a proxy for the true fundamentals.


The tour marriage as is done in a certain time basically it seems nothing wrong and there is no terms of harmonious violated from the fulfillment side of harmonious and requirements. However, in terms of the purpose of marriage, the law and maqasid al-syari'ah contain marriage problem. In addition, there can also be equated with  mut'ah marriage that is allowed by syi'i. The type of this marriage is not appropriate with the maqasid al-syariah, not only ashliyah but also tabi'iyah. Then the impact could be on the implications of the worst  neglect. Keywords : The tour marriage, maqasid al-Syari'ah and mudharat Copyright © 2012 by Kafa`ah All right reserved DOI : 10.15548/jk.v2i2.56


Acts of resistance fill today's headlines daily. Yet, if we are looking for a consistent set of concepts and principles behind resistance, Caygill cautions us: "A philosophy of resistance has itself to resist the pressure of concept formation, of reducing the practices of resistance to a single concept amenable to legitimation and appropriation by the very state-form that it began by defying" (6). Caygill sees resistance as an unsolvable contradiction, yet he attempts to provide an understanding that "permits consistency without imposing unity" (7). His method consists of dividing the subject into a number of categories and themes and then illustrating them through numerous contrasting examples including theorists, philosophers, artists, and revolutionaries. There is also an implicit discourse running throughout the book between the philosophical and the theological. The philosophical approach to resistance, exemplified by such figures as Kant, Hegel, and Nietzsche, gives us arguments founded on reason and upon choosing the necessary means, including violence, to achieve the desired ends. In contrast, figures such as Gandhi, Girard, and Levinas exemplify the theological approach based on the understanding of the unity between means and ends. However, Caygill does not attempt to resolve or synthesize these polarities, and so by the end of the book one may be left wondering whether the treatment holds together at all. This raises the possibility that the book itself may be an act of resistance. On Resistance starts from the frame or category of force, introducing us to the military theorist Carl von Clausewitz, who investigated the problem of resistance within the context of total domination which blurs the lines between the military and civil society. Here we see the logic of guerrilla warfare from the perspective of the Kantian modal category of actuality. Caygill writes: "war is the actualisation or the bringing to event of a political logic" (20). When domination blurs the lines between war and politics, so too must resistance. Tactically, the actualization of guerrilla resistance involves avoiding direct conflict with a stronger opponent, using minimal force, and extending the hostilities for as long as possible. Caygill then examines the morality of resistance. For Nietzsche, resistance is founded on resentment as "a slave morality or desire for revenge" (35). However, in comparing this with Marx's writings on the Paris Commune of 1871, we are shown that it is often not the slaves but the masters who are trying to hold back political theology, Vol. 17 No. 2, March, 2016, 206–221


[Objective]To investigate the Influenza A H1N1 influenza antibody levels in Xi'an.[Methods]Five neighborhood/schools were selected in the two districts by using the multi-stage random sampling and five age groups were invested as the target population.1508 serum samples were collected and detected by hem agglutination inhibition test.[Results]The virus antibody positive rate was 29.38% and the antibody geometric mean titer(GMT)was 25.29,the positive rates were higher in 6-15 and 16-24 age group.The antibody rate in men were higher than in women(χ2 = 6.90,P﹤0.05),and the positive rate of antibody after got vaccination was 62.90%,which was significantly higher than that of controls(22.78%,χ2 = 168.01,P﹤0.001).[Conclusion]The level of antibody was lower in Xi'an(less than 30%).The influenza A H1N1 vaccine could significantly increase the rate of protection,which indicates the H1N1 vaccine is effective for controlling Influenza A H1N1.


It is an enzymatic process for the regiospecific acylation of a secondary hydroxyl of sucrose. In essence, comprises reacting sucrose with the vinyl ester of a fatty acid in an organic solvent in the presence of a lipase from a filamentous fungus, preferably immobilized. Surfactants allows for a different chemical structure to those obtained industrially (chemically more reactive hydroxyls are primary). Furthermore, it is easier for a remarkably specific acylation of a secondary hydroxyl of sucrose process. Applications in pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, food and detergents.


Background: Soft tissue tumors are a complex group of neoplasms with differentiation towards mesenchymal tissue occurring in all age groups. These neoplasms can cause particular problems in their diagnosis. Detailed clinical information and biopsy is an essential component of the pre-operative diagnostic work up. Site of tumor is important in soft tissue tumors as site provides ancillary help in differential diagnosis for example three fourth soft tissue sarcomas are located in the extremities (most common in the thigh) and 10 % each in the trunk wall and retroperitoneum. Methods: This study comprised 200 cases. Soft tissue tumours were divided into benign and malignant categories, were further divided according to WHO classification and the site of occurrence and results were compared with some studies carried by other authors. Result: The most common site of soft tissue tumours as a whole is head and neck (n = 58; 29%) followed by upper limb, (n=51; 25.5%). Although benign tumours were seen to be maximum in head & neck, (n = 55; 27.5%) where as intermediate in upper limb (n=5; 2.5%) and malignant tumours showed a predilection for lower limb (n=10 cases; 5.0%) Conclusion: The current study was done to correlate the nature of lesions in case of soft tissues with respect to site and benign tumors were found to be more common amongst all with head and neck being frequently affected area. Sarcomas were more commonly found in lower limb and the results were compared with the studies done by other authors..


With the meteoric growth of technology, individuals and organizations are widely adopting cloud services to mitigate the burdens of maintenance. Despite its scalability and ease of use, many users who own sensitive data refrain from fully utilizing cloud services due to confidentiality concerns. Maintaining data confidentiality for data at rest and in transit has been widely explored but data remains vulnerable in the cloud while it is in use. This vulnerability is further elevated once the scope of computing spans across the edge-to-cloud continuum. Accordingly, the goal of this dissertation is to enable data confidentiality by adopting confidential computing across the continuum. Towards this goal, one approach we explore is to separate the intelligence aspect of data processing from the pattern-matching aspect. We present our approach to make confidential data clustering on the cloud, and then develop confidential search service across edge-to-cloud for unstructured text data. Our proposed clustering solution named ClusPr, performs topic-based clustering for static and dynamic datasets that improves cluster coherency up to 30%-to-60% when compared with other encryption-based clustering techniques. Our trusted enterprise search service named SAED, provides context-aware and personalized semantic search over confidential data across the continuum. We realized that enabling confidential computing across edge-to-cloud requires major contribution from the edge tiers particularly to run multiple Deep Learning (DL) services concurrently. This raises memory contention on the edge tier. To resolve this, we develop Edge-MultiAI framework to manage Neural Network (NN) models of DL applications such that it can meet the latency constraints of the DL applications without compromising inference accuracy.


Development of superduty silica bricks with indigenous raw materials which are known to be abundant, was investigated in the National Metallurgical Laboratory. Three samples of quartzites from Jamda, Mihijam and Hyderabad were studied. This study has revealed that crypto-crystalline variety of Jamda quartzite which is very low in alumina, can be used successfully for the manufacture of superduty silica brick by proper granulometric control, high pressure forming and firing under strictly controlled conditions. The product thus obtained has the requisite properties of a superduty quality brick. The addition of low alumina quartzite fines to graded Mihijam quartzite did not effect any tangible improvement in the physical properties of silica brick specimen made out of the mix, probably due to the very friable nature of this low alumina quartzite from Hyderabad. However, appreciable improvement in porosity, permeability, refractoriness under load etc. could be attained by proper forming and by improved proce...


Slow slip events (SSEs) on the plate interface are closely related to the occurrence of earthquakes and often trigger earthquake swarms in subduction zones. Moreover, some SSEs, accompanied by intensive foreshocks, precede large interplate earthquakes. Therefore, detecting and monitoring SSEs is important for assessing the potential of future large earthquakes. However, there are many SSEs not followed by large earthquakes, and it is unclear whether these can be distinguished from SSEs preceding large earthquakes. Here we use the epidemic‐type aftershock sequence (ETAS) model and matched‐filter technique to examine the spatial‐temporal distribution of earthquake swarms and foreshocks at Ibaraki‐Oki in the Japan Trench. We found that 19 swarm sequences repeatedly occurred during the period 1982–2008 at the same location as the foreshock sequences of the 1982 and 2008 M 7 Ibaraki‐Oki earthquakes. Both the foreshock and swarm sequences contain repeating earthquakes and have anomalously high seismicity rates inexplicable by the ETAS model, suggesting the recurrence of SSEs. The foreshock sequences in 1982 and 2008 contain more events inexplicable by the ETAS model than the swarm sequences. The fault slip of repeating earthquakes in the 2008 foreshock sequence was also larger than those of the swarm sequences, and the slip rate showed an abrupt increase 12 hr before the 2008 M 7 event. Our results imply that the SSEs that preceded the M 7 events had larger seismic moments than the other SSEs. These large SSEs might be related to the nucleation phase of the M 7 earthquakes.


In this study,the effects of acidic electrolyzed water( p H 2. 37,ACC 56 mg / kg,ORP 1186 m V),alkaline electrolyzed water( p H11. 9,ORP-850 m V) and combination treatment on sterilization and preservation of cucumbers during shelf life at room temperature were investigated. Results showed that the sterilization of acidic electrolyzed water treatment was perfect with the total number of bacterium,yeast and mold on the surface of cucumbers decreased 2. 05 lg CFU / g,2. 06 lg CFU / g and 2. 08 lg CFU / g respectively compared with the control group. Meanwhile,the weight loss rate was reduced,the increasing of the relatively conductivity rate was delayed and the product was kept in a good condition with little changes in peel color and crispness. The decreasing of soluble solid and ascorbic acid content in the treated cucumber were lower than that in control group. The ethylene evolution rate was inhibited and the activity of POD and CAT were enhanced,thus the senescence process was delayed. While the treatment with alkaline electrolyzed water had adverse impact on the peel color of the cucumber,accelerating the color change from green to yellow. Meanwhile the ethylene evolution of treated product was increased during the later stage of the shelf life which accelerated the senescence of cucumber.


The Status of the Feldsher The feldsher holds the place in society of one who has graduated from a Technicum — a secondary vocational school — rather than an institute or university. He is in the p...


Abstract The transition in tectonic style from that of the Kertnadec island arc to that of continental crust in New Zealand has been ascribed, in global tectonic schemes, to the reduction of "shortening" rate as the pole of rotation between the Australian and Pacific crustal blocks is approached. However, the recognition of a west-facing island arc south of New Zealand and of widespread Quaternary crustal shortening within the New Zealand continental crust leads to the conclusion that the differing tectonic styles reflect instead the variation in mechanical response of oceanic and continental crust. The Alpine Fault is not considered to be a trench-trench transform because it parallels and co-exists with island arc features. Displacement of the early Tertiary Vening Meinesz fracture zone by the Alpine Fault indicates 70 km of late Tertiary-Quaternary horizontal motion along this fault. It is possible that the rest of the 500 km displacement along the South Island trace occurred during the late Mesozoic wh...


Software inspection can be an e ective method for detecting faults throughout the software life cycle. Traditionally, software inspection has been done with all the participants present in a meeting room and the inspection done on paper forms and documents. This approach is expensive in terms of traveling, scheduling, human resources, premeeting preparation of material, and post-meeting recording of the inspection results. We propose a distributed collaborative software inspection, relaxing the requirement that all the participants be in the same room, providing automated support, and adding structure to the process. We have developed a prototype Collaborative Software Inspection (CSI) tool that allows geographically distributed participants to collaborate in the inspection and provides automated support for all inspection activities. In its trials, CSI has performed well and the participants have been able to use it comfortably to complete the inspection. This paper describes the inspection process, the CSI design and implementation, and our experience with CSI.


To explore the potential value of third‐trimester combined screening for the prediction of adverse perinatal outcome (APO) in the general population and among small‐for‐gestational‐age (SGA) fetuses.


Climate change brings danger to several areas, especially in coastal urban areas. One of them is the tidal flood which experienced inundation. Tidal floods pose a serious threat to the sustainability of social life and economic growth. Assessment of social and economic vulnerabilities is needed to overcome the risk of disaster hazards due to climate change in the form of coastal tidal floods in cities. This research is expected to be able to describe socio-economic vulnerability through the variables of population density, age, gender, occupation, and level of education to tidal floods that have occurred in 42% of the area. The research method used is quantitative analysis, scoring, and geographic information system modeling with village analysis units. The results showed that Panjang Baru Village was the most vulnerable area because of the high density and low-income levels of the people, most of whom were fishermen and farmers households. It also indicates the contribution of population density, level of education, and employment to the level of vulnerability. This study states that the socio-economic aspect is an important factor that must be considered for the sustainability of life and community adaptation to the threat of climate change, especially tidal floods.


The disruption of dopamine transportation in brain white matter may be the underlying reason that children suffer from attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, or ADHD. In addition, MR diffusion tensor imaging suggests that drug therapy repairs the damaged fiber bundles indicated in ADHD pathology.


Born and raised in Japan, Akio Takamori has spent the majority of his artistic career in the United States and is regarded as one of the most exciting and imaginative artists to emerge from the golden years of ceramics in the 1980s. After his signature 'envelope' vessels of the 1980s, Takamori turned toward freestanding figures installed in distinctive groupings. These figurative sculptures deliver plain-spoken accounts of the artist's ongoing search for personal and cultural identity in an era of increasingly global influences and contradictions, bringing to the medium deep emotive and psychological connotations. Richly illustrated in colour, "Between Clouds of Memory" presents multiple perspectives on the artist's practice.


Visionary medical informaticist who laid the groundwork for PubMed Donald A. B. Lindberg, influential director of the United States National Library of Medicine (NLM) and unsung hero of medical research and science, died on 17 August. He was 85. Thanks to his vision and leadership, more than a million people a day can use PubMed to look up biomedical information and nearly 150,000 people a day can look up trials on ClinicalTrials.gov. Researchers in artificial intelligence, computational biology, and health care policy routinely use the mapping between hundreds of different biomedical vocabularies and ontologies provided by the NLM's Unified Medical Language System. Many of the current leaders in biomedical computing have been trained by programs funded by the NLM, which Don directed from 1984 to 2015, starting well before big data, precision and genomic medicine, or deep learning for medicine were even recognizable terms, let alone vibrant disciplines of their own.


INTRODUCTION There has been a resurgence of free market policies towards urban areas in Britain over the past 10 years. Private business is increasingly able to dictate the nature and pace of local economic development unhindered or even encouraged by central and local government. The changing relationship between the private and public sector in this respect has led to the growing relevance of a concept well established in the literature of sociology and political science in the United States, that of the growth coalition. This article considers the usefulness of this concept in analysing urban developments in Britain and, using a recent case study, discusses the operation of such a coalition in Aberdeen.


Recommendations from the American Geriatrics Society (AGS) guide physicians in screening older patients for risk of falling and preventing falls among those at increased risk.


Pollution of hydraulic medium was a main cause that made hydraulic element wear earlier. The cause of production of pollution sources and wearing mechanism of pollution particles were presented. The importance of cleanliness to the hydraulic lubrication system was expounded by an example in work.


The paper presents the design of last three stage bladings in a large air-cooled steam turbine and their dynamic and stationary frequency tests. By comparison and analysis of the calculated and tested results, initial design of L-2 blading is improved and the final dimensions of last three stage bladings are determined. The test shows that the design of LP last three stage bladings in the large air-cooled steam turbine is successful and the blades can satisfy the requirements of long and safety operation.


Current research on neuroprosthetics is aimed at designing several computational models and techniques to trigger the neuro-motor rehabilitative aids. Researchers are taking keen interest to accurately classify the stimulated electroencephalography (EEG) signals to interpret the motor imagery/ execution. Some diseases or spinal cord injury completely destructs the sensory, motor and autonomous function for the limb movement. BCI (Brain computer Interface) provides a new communication pathway for those patients. Imagination of limb movements is used to operate a BCI. With analysis of acquired EEG signal due to motor imagery controlling of an artificial limb is possible. An Artificial Neural net (ANN) can be trained to predict the next position where the artificial limb moves to reach the target position. The neural net trained with desired position and current position of the arm as input and form that training it will be predict the next position. In this paper, a EEG driven model predictive position control of an artificial limb using neural net is presented. For this motor imagery EEG signal is acquired and the wavelet coefficients (feature) are extracted from the filtered EEG signal. The features are then classified. Here we classified left-right arm movement from the motor imagery by the backpropagation algorithm. The current position of the classified arm and the object position where the classified arm want to reach were fed to a neural net to predict the next position to move. The angles of shoulder and elbow joint were calculated from the next position by the inverse kinematics. By using State feedback PI controller the joints moves from the initial angle to the calculated angle to reach the target position. The procedure continues in a loop until the classified arm reaches to the target position.


Shows the use of geographical information and mapping of multi-temporal ground surface temperature distributions for a wide city area; this is compared with LANDSAT-5 Thematic Mapper data. Ground surface temperatures are measured by a portable infrared thermometer at the overpass times of LANDSAT-5. Variations of surface temperatures over 24 hours at intervals of one hour on summer days are drawn. The classification of land use corresponds with land cover, and the applied measured surface temperatures to land use data. Ground surface temperature distribution maps are drawn. The distribution map from LANDSAT data is compared with one using geographical information, and its effectiveness is investigated.<<ETX>>


Abstract This study presents the results of an online survey that benchmarked the organization of information technology (IT) functions in academic library members of the Association of Research Libraries. The survey investigated whether responsibility for 14 key areas resided in the libraries or in an institution-level information technology department, whether responsibilities have shifted over the past 20 years, satisfaction with services provided, assessment methods used to evaluate information technology services, and top challenges facing library IT. This paper considers the survey results addressing where the responsibility lies, satisfaction with the support, and whether and when the responsibility changed.


Infrared comprising the present invention includes a transparent substrate layer, a first metal oxide layer, a first silver containing layer, a second metal oxide layer, and a second silver containing layer and a third metal oxide layer on reflection laminated structure. The first, second, and third metal oxide layer, having at least 2.40 refractive index of the wavelength of 500 nm. Layered structure according to the invention which is laminated on the glass has a high visible light transmittance than 70% (VLT) and a low solar heat gain coefficient than 0.44 (SHGC). The invention further relates to the use as a transparent heat mirror stack structure.


Just what is it that makes English artwriting so different, so appealing? Review of: Mark A. Cheetham, Artwriting, Nation, and Cosmopolitanism in Britain: The 'Englishness' of English Art Theory since the Eighteenth Century, Farnham, Surrey, UK: Ashgate, 2012, 182pp., 4 col. Plates, 25 b.&w. illus., $104.95, ISBN 978-1-4094-2073-6While accurate and ultimately informative, the title of Mark A. Cheetham's latest book will leave many readers guessing. Here is a beastly assemblage of terms that art historians have tended to keep in separate cages: nation and cosmopolitanism, Britain and England, and that hideous hippogriff named English art theory. To suggest the enormity of Cheetham's task and the importance of his thesis, I'd like to begin with an episode from the book's second chapter. In 1935 Clive Bell published an essay titled "What next in art?" in which the Bloomsbury critic argued that only those English painters who "came under the influence of Cezanne and the Post- Impressionists seem able to perceive what the English tradition is."(90) What on earth is Bell talking about? How could the importation of French avant-garde practices serve to authenticate English art traditions? This is the kind of language game that Cheetham delights in, and it provides one convoluted instance among many of the 'nation' and national character in English artwriting from the eighteenth-century to the present. "We easily forget" Cheetham argues "that thinking through the frame of the nation is more than a simple expedient and not only a bad habit."(2) This book provides an autopsy on the concept of nationhood in English artwriting, and it finds that essentialistic terms like Englishness, however much we might like to bury them in the ground, keep returning like Frankenstein's monster to stalk 'international' art fairs and 'world art history7. Cheetham concludes that "If we have objections to the nation as a category or to its supposed affinities with colonialism, for example, we need to know the history and theoretical implications of artwriting's fixation with nation."(143)If Cheetham's title is a bit unwieldy, the book itself is a model of concision and clarity. This could have been a very thick tome, with a nearly infinite number of twists and turns in the cultural discourse of nationhood. It takes considerable discipline, for example, to limit an analysis of John Ruskin's voluminous writings to just five pages (62-7), and to do so without sacrificing Ruskin's central place in English artwriting. The book is composed of two main chapters ordered chronologically. The first covers English artwriting from Bainbrigg Buckeridge's An Essay Towards an English School of Painting (1706) to William Morris's writings from the 1880s. The second chapter covers English artwriting during the twentieth century. Cheetham embraces David Carrier's term 'artwriting' to include the full range of art theory, art history, aesthetics, and art criticism. As Cheetham notes, "While it is often important to acknowledge a distinction in classification between, say, aesthetics and art criticism, that difference must be historicized rather than presented as a definition. My aim in using this inclusive term is to avoid pre- judging what counts as a 'theoretical' approach in English artwriting."(11 n.l) One of Cheetham's central claims is that art writers invariably possess a theoretical frame of reference, even those who flaunt a casual, unsystematic approach. A common-sense empiricism is one particularly common default in English artwriting, and it constitutes, at the very least, a popularization of John Locke's epistemology. Cheetham's inclusiveness paradoxically results in a concise history of English artwriting in which nationhood and national identity recur as fundamental tropes and conceptual frames of reference.Chapter one is titled "Englishness, Foreignness, and Empire in British Artwriting, c. 1700-1900," and it opens with the claim that "A persistent danger in discussions of national identity is to give such constructions too much or too little credence. …


Bone fracture is a medical condition where the continuity of the bone is broken. Fractures can be simple or complicated, and sometimes can be difficult to be diagnosed by specialists. Medical image processing plays an important role in improving the health care system by guiding physicians to diagnose different types of diseases, and to make the right decision regarding the appropriate treatment option. In this paper, we propose to investigate different conditions of long bones using new features that describe the physical properties of the bone. The continuous wavelet analysis, gradient analysis, bone edge detection, and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) are discussed in this work and used to extract features. By taking the tibia bone as an example, the features of the injured bone using these methods are extracted and compared with the features of the contralateral un-injured bone (i.e. the normal tibia bone) for the same patient, taking advantage of human body symmetry. The novelty of this work, the idea has not been used before in the field of features extraction from long bones or in fracture detection processes. This work will help researchers to choose the most significant features of long bones, before using them in fracture detection and classification processes.


The mechanism for improving the system of customs and tariff regulation related to agro-industry within the Customs Union is discussed. The following should be implemented regarding agricultural products: to protect the national producers of the member countries of the Customs Union by establishing maximum tariff rates, eliminate the possibility of illegal re-export of goods, introduce tariff quotas in the case of the excess of customs duties on imports of agricultural products from the third countries, and strengthen the observance of health standards established by the Customs Union.


Summary form only given. In order to achieve a high-density perpendicular recording system, signal processing techniques are indispensable (J. Moon and L.R. Carley, IEEE Trans. Magn., vol. 26, no. 6, 1990). However, the performance of various detectors, except for the PRML system, is not fully evaluated at present. In this paper, the performances of detectors with d=1 constraint are investigated for perpendicular recording systems under the assumptions of nonlinear distortion, and their performance is discussed in terms of (1) equalizer mean squared error (MSE) and (2) noise power spectra at the discrimination point.


union, substantially change its trade patterns; it acquires new trade partners and reduces its trade with old ones. Through this process economic contacts and relations change. The membership of a customs union may also entail modifications in the commodity pattern in a given country's foreign trade; a certain product that has been produced domestically, may instead be imported from fellow member states in


The choice of exchange rate system should be in agreement with the monetary standard system. In modern system of credit currency, it is the inexorable trend of the development of floating exchange rate system. Chinese exchange rate system is substantially the pegged exchange rate system that pegs to the American dollar and it has its own systematic shortcomings. For this reason, Chinese exchange rate system is to establish a floating exchange rate system that is truely manageable.


The invention relates to equipment and method for performing magnetron-controlled sputter coating on a polyester type polyurethane foam matrix, wherein the equipment comprises an unreeling roller, a sputtering target and a reeling roller; transmission devices for transmitting the foam matrix are respectively arranged between the sputtering target and the unreeling roller and between the sputtering target and the reeling roller; the equipment further comprises at least one heat source arranged between the unreeling roller and the sputtering target and used for heating the foam matrix; and the heat source is used for removing all or most impurities on the foam matrix before sputtering so as to improve the quality of a sputtered layer. The equipment and method provided by the invention have an important significance for the afterward process of preparing required foam metals, such as foamed nickel, by using electroplating and heating methods.


Introduction Observational studies are valuable for investigating correlations between patient-reported treatment outcomes. In this study, we report a secondary analysis of a published pharmacy-based observational (patient-centered "real-world" outcomes) study on experiences reported by patients who treated their headache with an over-the-counter analgesic. Methods A pharmacy-based exploratory survey was conducted in German community pharmacies. Patients buying a fixed-dose analgesic combination product (400 mg ibuprofen + 100 mg caffeine; IbuCaff) to treat their headache were offered a questionnaire that contained—among others—questions about time to onset of pain relief (OPR), assessment of time to onset of pain relief (AOPR), assessment of efficacy and tolerability, and pain intensity 2 h after intake. A correlation analysis of the data was performed. Moreover, perceived treatment effects compared to other acute headache medications used in the past were collected. Results The correlation between OPR and AOPR was high (Spearman rank correlation r = 0.594, p < 0.0001). Headache patients assessed the onset of analgesic action within 15 min as "very fast" and within 30 min as "fast". The other readouts were correlated as well [assessment of efficacy and % pain intensity difference (%PID) at 2 h: r = 0.487; OPR/AOPR and %PID at 2 h: r = 0.295/0.318; OPR/AOPR and assessment of tolerability: r = 0.206/0.397; OPR/AOPR and assessment of efficacy: r = 0.406/0.594; assessment of efficacy and assessment of tolerability: r = 0.608; p < 0.0001 for all correlations]. Compared to previous treatments, most patients (>89%) assessed the speed of analgesic action, efficacy, and tolerability of IbuCaff as equal to or better than for the previous treatment. Discussion Headache patients assessed the onset of analgesia within 15 min as "very fast" and within 30 min as "fast". Efficacy assessments for acute headache medication appear to be highly correlated.


Stellar activity causes difficulties in the characterization of transiting exoplanets. Studies have been performed to quantify its impact on infrared interferometry, but not in the visible domain, which however allows reaching better angular resolution and is also the one mostly used for spectroscopic and photometric measurements.
We use a standard case to completely analyse the impact of an exoplanet and a spot on interferometric observables and relate it to current instrument capabilities, taking into account realistic achievable precisions.
We built a numerical code called COMETS using analytical formulae to perform a simple comparison of exoplanet and spot signals. We explore instrumental specificities needed to detect them, like the baseline length required, the accuracy and S/N. We also discuss the impact of exoplanet and spot parameters on squared visibility and phase.
We find that the main improvement to bring is the sensitivity of instruments. The accuracy on squared visibilities has to be improved by a factor 10 to detect an exoplanet of 0.1 mas, leading to $<0.5%$ precision, along with phase measurements of ~$5^{\deg}$ accuracy beyond the first null of visibility. For a 0.05 mas exoplanet, accuracies of ~$0.1%$ and ~$1^{\deg}$ from the first null are required on squared visibilities and phases, respectively. Magnetic spots can mimic these signals, leading to false exoplanet characterization. Phases measurements from the 3rd lobe is needed to distinguish between a spot and an exoplanet if they have the same radius.
Increasing interferometer sensitivity, more objects will become common between interferometric targets and photometric ones. Furthermore, new missions like PLATO, CHEOPS or TESS will provide bright exoplanet host stars. Measurements will thus overlap and provide a better characterization of stellar activity and exoplanet.


There are various cultures in Indonesia, one of which is the tradition of sebar punjen in the wedding ceremony. The aim of this research is to find out the communication patterns in the sebar punjen tradition. This study used qualitative research with ethnography of communication approach. In this study, researchers applied data collection techniques using observation, interview, record, and note. The data used in this study consisted of two types, namely primary data and secondary data. This research used Dell Hymes' SPEAKING theory. The results of this study indicate that there is a communicative situation in the tradition of sebar punjen. That tradition is performed at the house of the bride with the last child and is held at night. This communicative event is preceded by an opening which is done by the elders, the parents of their son-in-law, and the grandchildren then form a line. Elders give advice to their children, children-in-law, and grandchildren. After the prayer from the elders is finished, the line goes around uborampe (offerings) in unison. Then the elders spread coins mixed with yellow rice and spices to relatives and neighbors and then scramble to take coins.


Aggressive angiomyxoma is a rare mesenchymal neoplasm that is predominantly seen in pelvic region of women (van Roggen et al. 2005). Deep pelvic soft tissues and perineum in women and periscrotal region in men are the most common locations (Amezcua et al. 2005). The tumour is called 'aggressive' due to deep soft tissue infiltration that causes local recurrence after surgical resection. We report a patient with aggressive angiomyxoma in the pelvic-perineal region that was incidentally detected on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) which was performed for surgical planning of uterine fibroids.


In a 1971 article, Stigler and Friedland (hereafter S-F) argue that the category of firms labeled defense contractors had, depending on the sample time period observed, (1) unusually high or low profitability and (2) "superior" or approximately average stock market performance.' In addition, S-F state that defense contractors are more risky than the average firm since "there is a positive correlation between the instability over time of the sales of a firm and its share of defense business."2 Capital market theory provides an alternative way of investigating the risk and return of defense contractors. The purpose of this note is to furnish empirical estimates of (1) stock market performance of the portfolio of S-F defense contractors based on the traditional and extended capital asset pricing models of Sharpe, Lintner, Mossin, and Black3 and (2) the relative market risk of the portfolio of S-F defense contractors. These findings are compared with those of S-F.


The article is summing up a research of 258 cases and is devoted to comparative analysis of anesthesiology methods used in labor and caesarean section and their effect on the blood loss. Authors show the advantage of combined spinal-epidural anesthesia compared with endotracheal anesthesia in managing blood loss during Caesarean section. Special attention has been paid to intensive care (including infusion and transfusion) in massive blood loss cases in obstetrics.


The mean age at first diagnosis was 48.7 years (range 26-84), a figure which the author considers would have been less if systematic screening of miners for silicosis had been introduced earlier. The mean age at death was 60.27 years (range 32-86), compared with 54-55 for silicotic miners in 1958 and with 65-66 for nonsilicotic miners and 67-68 for nonminers in France in 1961-62, and varied little with the cause of death (pulmonary tuberculosis 58.56, chronic cor pulmonale 58.91, respiratory failure due to silicosis 60-61 years). Thus whatever the cause of death the mean survival period after diagnosis was 11-13 years. From these figures it is deduced that the expectation of life at age 60 for all silicotics is 7.27 years (5.28 in 1958), for those whose death will be directly or indirectly attributable to silicosis (tuberculosis, cor pulmonale, and silicotic respiratory failure) 6.91 years, and for those whose death will not be so attributable 7.92 years. These figures are 7-9 years less than those for Frenchmen as a whole and 6-8 years less than those for nonsilicotic miners; again the reduction in expectation of life is much the same whatever the eventual cause of death. Of the 2,000 deaths studied, 1,225 (61.25%) were attributable to silicosis (respiratory failure in 23.45%, tuberculosis in 19.05%, and cor pulmonale in 18.75%; death from pulmonary tuberculosis was 11-12 times commoner than among all Frenchmen aged 30 years). Among the 775 deaths (38.75%) not related to silicosis the commonest causes were heart disease (8.8%), cancer (7.80/0), and hepatic cirrhosis and alcoholism (4.2%). The incidence of cancer of the lung was not apparently increased by silicosis. In nearly 80% of deaths attributable to silicosis the chest x-ray showed coarse and extensive opacities, whereas in over 80% of those attributable to other causes the opacities were fine.


Background:Hyperlipidemia involves abnormally elevated lipid levels. Its management using statins, fibrates, bile acid sequestrants and niacin lead to various adverse effects. Lens culinaris (Fabaceae) is a dhal with high nutritional and therapeutic value.Objective: To evaluate antihyperlipidemic activity of Lens culinaris seeds in triton WR-1339 induced hyperlipidemic rats.Materials and methods: Successive extracts, i.e., acetone (LCAE), methanol (LCME) and aqueous (LCWE) were prepared from Lens culinaris Medikus (Fabaceae) seeds. The extracts were evaluated for acute toxicity studies using OECD- 423 guidelines. Their antihyperlipidemic activity was assessed using Triton WR- 1339 induced hyperlipidemia model on Sprague dawley female rats. Animals were divided into 12 groups, i.e., normal, hyperlipidemic (triton), triton+atorvastatin, triton+LCAE, triton+LCME and triton+LCWE groups at a dose of 100, 200, 400 mg/Kg body weight, respectively. Total Cholesterol (TC), Tri Glyceride (TG), High (HDL), Low (LDL) and Very Low Density Lipoprotein (VLDL) levels were assessed after 1, 4, 8 and 24 h of treatment. Total Phenol (TPC), Flavonoid (TFC) and Saponin content were also determined.Results: None of the extracts showed toxicity or mortality to animals. Intragastric administration of extracts at various dose levels to the rats caused a significant decrease in plasma lipid levels. However, LCME (400 mg/Kg) was found to possess more antihyperlipidemic activity as compared to other extracts. It exhibited a decrease (%) of 57.51, 66.93, 66.95, 111.78 in TC, TG, VLDL, LDL levels, and an increase of 59.46% in HDL levels respectively. TPC (608 mg gallic acid equivalent/g of sample) and TFC (128 mg quercetin equivalent/g of sample) were also found highest in LCAE.Conclusion: Results suggest that the extracts of Lens culinaris contain active phytoconstituents which might be responsible for antihyperlipidemic activity of the seeds..


High blood pressure (HBP) is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD), the leading cause of mortality worldwide. Short‐term clinical trials have found beneficial effects of higher dairy intakes, especially yogurt, on CVD risk among those with HBP. However, long‐term studies are lacking.


We propose a parameter-free model for estimating the price or valuation of financial derivatives like options, forwards and futures using non-supervised learning networks and Monte Carlo. Although some arbitrage-based pricing formula performs greatly on derivatives pricing like Black-Scholes on option pricing, generative model-based Monte Carlo estimation(GAN-MC) will be more accurate and holds more generalizability when lack of training samples on derivatives, underlying asset's price dynamics are unknown or the no-arbitrage conditions can not be solved analytically. We analyze the variance reduction feature of our model and to validate the potential value of the pricing model, we collect real world market derivatives data and show that our model outperforms other arbitrage-based pricing models and non-parametric machine learning models. For comparison, we estimate the price of derivatives using Black-Scholes model, ordinary least squares, radial basis function networks, multilayer perception regression, projection pursuit regression and Monte Carlo only models.


Evaluation of mitral-semilunar valve relationships permits angiocardiographic differentiation among certain cardiac abnormalities. Malformations with overriding aorta have normal continuity between the base of the anterior mitral leaflet and the posterior and left aortic cusps. When both great arteries arise from the right ventricle, semilunar valves of both are separated from the mitral valve so that it is not in fibrous continuity with either semilunar valve. Transposition of great arteries is usually characterized by continuity between the base of the anterior mitral leaflet and the base of the pulmonary valve.


The bifurcation of two dimensional airfoil flutter in incompressible flow was investigated.The bifurcation points can be obtained by Rose-Hurwitz criteria.The center manifold theory was used to reduce dimensions of the system.By use the direct method to obtain periodic solution the type and stability of the bifurcation points were analyzed.Moreover,the stability of limit cycle was also investigated.The results show that the two bifurcation points of the system are not center,but stable or unstable foci.At two bifurcation points,the supercritical or subcritical Hopf bifurcation will occur.Accordingly,there will exist stable or unstable limit cycle flutter.


As part of his preparation for retirement, a 66-year-old executive undergoes a complete physical examination. He is in good health and has no symptoms to report. Along with other age-appropriate screening studies, you discuss testing for vascular disease with him.


How to use aromatic bromide M instdad of traditional fire retardant agent to produce new type of incombustibleexpanded polystyrene was introduced here. What effect did when and how much to charge fire retardant agent have on product, s performance and fire retardant result was explored and studied. Charge time was chosen when the styrene polymerization con-version was 85 % and the amount to be charged was 1.0 to 1. 5 % .


In the present study, a total of 150 cloacal samples of layers were collected from an organized poultry farm and were screened for the presence of Salmonella, E. coli and Campylobacter and for studying their shedding pattern during different seasons (summer, rainy and winter) of the year 2007. Out of 150 cloacal samples, 11 (7.3%), 12 (8%) and 9 (6%) were found positive for Salmonella, E. coli and Campylobacter, respectively. Prevalence rate of pathogens in rainy season was found to be 34%, which was the highest amongst the seasons studied. Summer and winter seasons showed prevalence rates of 18% and 12%, respectively. High shedding rate in rainy season of these pathogens may be due to stressful and contaminated poultry environment.


Agri-food systems are confronted with sustainability challenges such as climate change, price volatility and retaining consumer trust. Agri-food systems are complex, dynamic systems involving multiple actors such as science, policy, industry and civil society. To tackle these challenges, a transformation of the agri-food system towards sustainability is essential. Therefore, collective effort and actions are required. The rationale of this dissertation stems from the observation that although multiple agri-food networks arise, most of these networks fall short in realising their objective or cease before any changes are made.
The aim of this dissertation thus is to explore the potential of new agrifood networks in food system transformations. We applied systems thinking, combining systems approaches and transdisciplinary research.
Systems thinking in practice can help to address four societal challenges, namely sustainability as a multidimensional and normative concept, complex processes in a dynamic agri-food system, new types of organisation in agri-food networks, and the presence of multiple heterogeneous actors with diverse visions. Throughout the dissertation, eight agri-food networks were analysed and compared with an emphasis on multi-actor collaboration, their governance, their culture and reflexive evaluation.


Orthogonal time-frequency space(OTFS) is a two-dimensional modulation technology that enables efficiently operating on high-mobility wireless channels. However, the high dimension of the channel matrix in the multi-input multi-output(MIMO) OTFS system makes it challenging to design high-performance equalizers. In this paper, the block linear minimum mean squared error(LMMSE) equalizers are proposed for MIMO diversity and MIMO multiplexing. We first place zero-padding(ZP) to the OTFS's frame and get the sparse time domain channel matrix with submatrices arranged diagonally. Then we reduce the time domain input-output relation to the submatrices form in the MIMO-OTFS system. Finally, we equalize the receiving information based on the MMSE criterion. Simulation demonstrates that the proposed equalizer performs better with about 2dB gain over the conventional MMSE equalizer at a bit-error-rate(BER) of 10-5 for MIMO diversity, while the proposed equalizer is more applicable to practical work with the advantage of low-complexity.


Effective communication skills are critical to the role of the midwife and identified by women as one of the most important attributes of a 'good midwife' (Nicholls & Webb 2006, Carolan 2011). Women particularly value midwives who are good listeners, able to put them at ease, and empathetic. However


PurposeThis article aims to describe the role universities should play in student to work transition.Design/methodology/approachAn objective bibliometric analysis is conducted and supported by qualitative assessments based on authors' study of relevant papers.FindingsTwo themes emerge from the analysis: the first on the university's role in students' learning, skills and fits, in the transition process; the second on the university's role in engagement, motivation and support students in university-to-work transition.Research limitations/implicationsFrom the analysis, no indications emerge on how universities could contribute to student-to-work transition in the context of Agenda 2030 for Sustainable Development objectives. Furthermore, training students for the future is not an easy assignment in a fast-changing ecosystem. How can higher education prepare students to face future challenges if we only have partial and incomplete perceptions about possible futures? This vexes many policymakers, organisational leaders and educators. Finally, it could be an interesting next step to repeat the Bibliometrix research using subfield keywords to analyse revealed gaps.Practical implicationsThe study shows that the topic analysed is complex from the managerial, political and social points of view. The issues addressed by studies in UWT so far, concern various aspects: development of student identity, student engagement, fit between higher education and labour market, student motivation, student emotions and learning approaches. The university-to-work transition theme has become a work in progress effort and will most likely continue for the foreseeable future.Originality/valueSince research into university-to-work transition is fragmented, a comprehensive view of this theme seems necessary. Given the importance of the subject, this study will endeavour to fill this gap with an overall and organic perspective of the issue. This is one of the first attempts to grasp this research stream, which, over time, has paved the way to the intersection between "university-to-work transition" in business, management and educational fields.


MgB2 multifilamentary wires and tapes were fabricated by the in situ powder-in-tube (PIT) process using acetone doped milled precursor powders. The critical current density of MgB2 is strongly enhanced by high energy milling and acetone doping. Furthermore, the liquid acetone can restrain the agglomeration of milled powder, which is beneficial to the fabrication of MgB2 multifilamentary wires. At 4.2 K and 10 T, the Jc of the 80 h doped Fe/Cu wire is 2.9 × 103 A cm−2, 20 times larger than that of the 1 h pure one (the '1 h' and '80 h', refer to ball milling times). The Jc of 80 h doped Fe/Monel tape is up to 9.2 × 103 A cm−2 at 4.2 K and 10 T. The Jc values of Nb barrier wires are comparable to those of the Fe barrier MgB2 wires. These results indicate that the addition of liquid C-containing material during high energy milling may be an effective way to get excellent properties of MgB2 for practical applications.


Diblock copolymers of poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) and poly(propylene oxide) (PPO) were synthesized by the anionic ring-opening polymerization of propylene oxide (PO), with controlled microwave heating in sealed vessels. A detailed study was carried out to investigate the effects of different parameters on the formation of unwanted byproducts. Parameters that were considered include temperature; the concentration of NaH, monomer and hydroxy groups in the feed; and the polarity of the reaction medium. A continuous decrease of internal pressure during the sealed-vessel experiment reflected the consumption of PO monomer and the completion of the reaction was confirmed by a drop of the internal pressure to zero when reactions were performed in bulk. The products were characterized by using different chromatographic techniques. A comparison of the reaction times and composition of the polymers prepared by microwave and conductive heating is given.


First paragraph: In this issue of the Food Systems Journal we offer a bountiful fall harvest of papers on subjects ranging from urban soils and supply chains to social networks and community building. A cursory look at the titles in this issue would probably not yield a common theme, but it is there in plain sight. It's the same theme that cuts across all our accepted papers and across all issues we publish. That theme is people — us — food systems development practitioners, working hard and enjoying our work (as this fall issue's cover image depicts). We are scholars, farmer-activists, land-use officials, organizers, nutritionists, farmers market managers, food service directors, planners, program volunteers, extension educators, graduate students, and the list goes on. We are stewards of a vast, complicated, and fragile system that is linked to food security, livelihoods, culture, open space, quality of life, and many other multifunctional benefits. Yet as people we have our needs as well....


Dai Grove-White and Richard Murray are right to express concern about the use of cephalosporins and fluoroquinolones in farm animals (VR, June 6, 2009, vol 164, p 727), but do we really need a ban, as they argue? Between 1999 and 2006, veterinary use of third and fourth generation cephalosporins in the UK tripled from 220 kg to 680 kg active ingredient (VMD, personal communication). Fluoroquinolone use fell in 1999, but rose from 1230 kg in 2000 to 1951 kg in 2007 (VMD 2006, 2008). Why is this happening? In my experience, most large animal veterinary surgeons would prefer to hold these highly effective drugs in reserve. However, this is not quite universally the case. Advertisements targeting farmers have also created a demand with little to counterbalance it, especially in relation to modern cephalosporins, where the manufacturers still suggest that the chance of resistance developing in foodborne bacteria is low (EMEA 2007, Intervet 2009). Over the past decade there has been a dramatic increase in urinary tract and blood poisoning infections in humans caused by extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) resistant strains of Escherichia coli, which are resistant to cephalosporins and frequently to fluoroquinolones. According to the VLA, these may initially have passed to farm animals from humans, perhaps due to spreading sewage sludge on agricultural land (VR, October 27, 2007, vol 161, p 576), but they are now being selected for and amplified in farm animals (CVMP 2009), particularly by the use of these drugs (Cavaco and others 2008). While there is no conclusive proof, there is mounting evidence that farm animals have become an important reservoir for human infections and ESBL-resistance plasmids (Coque and others 2008). A precautionary approach is therefore needed. The use of ceftiofur in pigs (datasheet and off-label) and cattle (CVMP 2009) and cefquinome in cattle have been implicated in the emergence of ESBL resistance, in dairy calves possibly due to feeding milk during the withdrawal period (CVMP 2009). Data published in the 2006 EU zoonoses report for the UK show that cefotaxime/ceftiofur resistance in E coli in cattle increased to 7·5 per cent in 2006 (EFSA 2008). The Soil Association seeks to limit the development of antimicrobial resistance on the approximately 2000 organic livestock farms it certifies through limitations on the use of all antimicrobials and strong emphasis on systems design. We introduced additional restrictions on the use of fluoroquinolones in 2004 and extended-spectrum cephalosporins on January 1 this year; however, we decided against a ban to avoid occasional treatment failures and associated welfare problems. We now require our livestock farming licensees to discuss the use of these antibiotic classes with their vet and record the conclusions in annual health plans. We realise there could be teething problems, but hope the profession will work with us in a constructive way to limit their use on our organic farms at least to secondor third-line treatments in individual animals, or very occasional situations where it is known that no alternative antibiotic would be effective.


Linear and nonlinear photochemistries of 1,4-diazabicyclo(2.2.2)octane (DABCO) are investigated at room temperature by using ArF (193 nm) and KrF (248 nm) lasers. With an unfocused beam geometry, DABCO vapor displays a strong fluorescence when excited at 248 nm, but it shows no detectable emission with 193-nm excitation. The linear photochemistry quantum yield for DABCO is determined as phi/sub p/(248nm) approx. 0.1 and phi/sub p/(193 nm) approx. 0.3. The main stable photochemical products are analyzed as C/sub 2/H/sub 4/ and C/sub 2/H/sub 2/ for 248- and 193-nm excitation, respectively. When focused beam excitation is used, both ArF and KrF lasers dissociate DABCO molecules and give three strong radical emissions of CN*(B vector /sup 2/..sigma.. ..-->.. X vector /sup 2/ ..sigma../sup +/), CH*(A vector /sup 2/..delta.. ..-->.. X vector /sup 2/II), and C/sub 2/*(D vector /sup 3/II/sub g/ ..-->.. a vector /sup 3/II/sub u/). The time behavior, the laser power dependence, and the sample pressure dependence of these emissive radicals are examined. The possible mechanisms for the Rydberg state photochemistry of DABCO are discussed.


Abstract In the Fmoc-strategy of solid phase peptide synthesis, 1M trimethylsilyl bromide-thioanisole/trifluoroacetic acid in the presence of 1,2-ethanedithiol as scavenger was found to be an efficient deprotecting procedure for a full cleavage and side chains deprotection of the peptide resin involving t-butyl protected cysteine. In addition, selective deprotection of the peptide resin containing protected cysteine was also described based on this method.