Yanofl] studied the differential geometry of Sn x Sn and proved that the (/, u, v, A)-structure is naturally induced on S" X S" as a sub manifold of codimension 2 of a (2n + 2)-dimensional Euclidean space or a real hypersurface of (2n + l)-dimensional unit sphere S2n+1(l). S.-S.Eum, U-H.Ki and Y.H.Kim [2] researched partially real hyper surfaces of Sn x Sn by using the concept of A:-invariance. The pur pose of the present paper is devoted to study some intrinsic charac ters of hypersurfaces immersed in Sn x Sn and characterize global properties of them by using some intergrable condition. In section 1, we recall the intrinsic properties of Sn(l/\/2) x Sn(l/\/2) and obtain some algebraic relationships and structure equations of hypersurfaces of S"(l/\/3) x S"(l/\庖),In section 2, we define an integrable condi tion for the induced strucrure on a hypersurface of Sn x Sn which is called to be normal, and look into an intrinsic character of a normal fc-antiholomorphic hypersurface of Sn x Sn.


The authors provide a rigorous general equilibrium analysis of the welfare effects of international trade in the presence of differentiated home nontraded products as well as tradable products. They extend the standard monopolisitic competition framework to incorporate differentiated nontraded products and demonstrate that, in general, the gains-from-trade proposition applies also to this framework. However, the authors also show that trade may reduce the variety of home products and, thus, abstracting from all sources of gains from trade other than variety effects, they show that only in a very extreme case trade may make all countries worse off.


The writer of this letter contributes a careful presentation of Hess's law, so that learners do not lose site of the meaning of the law.


Maximum peak‐to‐pek fibrillation potential amplitude was measured in 69 subjects between 7 days and 10½ years post complete or partial peripheral nerve injury. Mean amplitude during the first 2 months was 612 μV; third and fourth months 512 μV, fifth and sixth months 320 μV. After the first year, no population of fibrillation potentials greater than 100 μV was recorded. The sciatic nerve was sectioned in 13 guinea pigs and animals studied up to 17 weeks. Fibrillation potential amplitude in gastrocnemius muscles declined paralleling that in humans. By the end of the study, type l fibers had lost almost half of their initial diameter and type II fibers had atrophied more than twice this amount. Fibrillation potential amplitude may be useful in estimating the time post nerve injury and appears to correlate with the surface area and fiber diameter of a type I muscle fiber.


For many types of buildings, prefabricated prefinished volumetric construction (PPVC) is increasingly becoming a preferred alternative construction approach. Empirical evidence of project performance has consistently demonstrated that the ultimate success of PPVC projects is directly linked to the key decisions made at the outset of the PPVC project life cycle. However, there is limited knowledge of how to successfully manage these early stages. This research identified and evaluated the critical success factors (CSFs) required for the management of the conception, planning and design stages of the PPVC project life cycle.,A multistage methodological framework was adopted to identify and evaluate the CSFs for management of the early stages of the PPVC project life cycle. Based on a comprehensive literature review and expert review, a list of the 9 CSFs relevant to the early stages of the PPVC project life cycle was established. Drawing on an online-based international questionnaire survey with global PPVC experts, the CSFs were measured. The data set was statistically tested for reliability and analyzed using several techniques such as mean scores, relativity weightings and significance analysis.,The analysis revealed that the top 5 most influential CSFs for management of the early stages of the PPVC project life cycle include robust design specifications, accurate drawings and early design freeze; good working collaboration, effective communication and information sharing among project participants; effective stakeholder management; extensive project planning and scheduling; and early engagement of key players. The research further found correlations among the CSFs and proposed a conceptual framework for the management of the early stages of the PPVC project life cycle.,The research recognizes that data quality and reliability risks are the major drawbacks of online questionnaire surveys but the engagement of experts with substantial theoretical and hands-on experiences in PPVC projects helped to minimize these risks. Although small, the sample size was justified and compared with studies that adopted the same data collection approach but analyzed even smaller samples. However, the results should be interpreted against these limitations.,The findings suggest that effective management of the early stages of the PPVC project lifecycle requires early commitment to the PPVC approach in a project; detailed planning and assessment of the suitability of PPVC for the given project; and collaborative design with manufacturers and suppliers to address module production challenges at the detailed design stage. These findings practically instructive and may serve as management support during PPVC implementation.,This research constitutes the first exclusive attempt at identifying the CSFs for successful management of the early stages of the PPVC project life cycle. It provides a fresh and more in-depth understanding of how best to manage the early stages of the PPVC project life cycle. Thus, it contributes to the practice and praxis of the PPVC project implementation discourse.


The present invention relates to a method for obtaining a load of crystals of hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane in rounded morphology. It also relates to said load, the material containing the energy and a manufacturing process of said material. Said process for obtaining said load includes: - the preparation of a saturated solution of hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane of any polymorphic form in a mixture comprising on the one hand, an organic solvent of said hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane and, secondly, an inorganic solvent said hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane; said solvent being more volatile than said nonsolvent - seeding this solution saturated with a few crystals of Hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane then - the concentration of the saturated solution seeded with at least partial evaporation of the solvent; said solvent evaporation is carried out at a temperature between 35 ° C and 15 ° C and at a pressure adjusted to roughly 12 mbar, the solvent boiling pressure in said solution throughout the process evaporating said solvent from said solution.


We propose a new optimal location-based beamforming (LBB) scheme for the wiretap channel, where both the main channel and the eavesdropper's channel are subject to Rician fading. In our LBB scheme, the two key inputs are the location of the legitimate receiver and the location of the potential eavesdropper. Notably, our scheme does not require any channel state information of the main channel or the eavesdropper's channel being available at the transmitter. This makes our scheme easy to deploy in a host of application settings in which the location inputs are known. Our beamforming solution assumes a multiple-antenna transmitter and a multiple-antenna eavesdropper, and its aim is to maximize the physical layer security of the channel. To obtain our solution, we first derive the secrecy outage probability of the LBB scheme in an easy-to-evaluate expression that is valid for arbitrary real values of the Rician K-factors of the main channel and the eavesdropper's channel. Using this expression, we then determine the location-based beamformer solution that minimizes the secrecy outage probability. To assess the usefulness of our new scheme, and to quantify the value of the location information to physical layer security, we compare our scheme to other schemes, some of which do not utilize any location information. Our new beamformer solution provides optimal physical layer security for a wide range of location-based applications.


In the interesting article originally published in the World Journal of Urology at the end of 2018, Malte Rieken and eminent coauthors, from both American and European countries, proposed and externally validated a pathological nodal staging score (pNSS) for patients with clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) (1). They developed such β-binomial model to estimate the probability that a ccRCC patient with pathologic node-negative status at radical nephrectomy (RN) and lymph node dissection (LND) truly has no lymph node metastases (LNM), with the aim to refine patient counseling, to improve decision-making about surveillance regimens and to possibly identify inclusion criteria for trials of adjuvant therapy.


Background: Thyroid hormones are necessary for normal functioning of the organism. Undiagnosed hypothyroidism in elderly patients may lead to a number of life-threatening complications in the postoperative period. Aim: The aim of the study was to establish whether a complicated postoperative course in elderly patients is related to hypothyroidism. Material and methods: The data of 312 patients ≥ 65 years of age who underwent cardiac surgery between 01.01.10 and 31.07.10 with euthyroidism documented before the surgery were analysed. Two groups were selected: group I – patients with postoperative euthyroidism (n = 295), and group II – patients with postoperative hypothyroidism (n = 17). Results: Postoperative complications occurred significantly more often in the group of elderly patients with hypothyroidism in the postoperative period. The most frequently observed complications were pleural effusion (n = 7, 41.2%, p < 0.001), delirium (n = 6, 23.5%, p = 0.04), prolonged respiratory therapy (n = 5, 29.4%, p = 0.041) and cardiac tamponade (n = 4, 23.5%, p < 0.001). Conclusions: Postoperative hypothyroidism increases the risk of postoperative complications in elderly patients. All patients ≥ 65 years of age should undergo an assessment of the thyroid hormonal function before and after cardiac surgery.


It is disclosed a calculation apparatus and method for operating a Akkustikschnittstelle for an automatic driving system. An exemplary method for automatically driving using a Akkustikschnittstelle includes the reception of a message from a user, which assigns an audio symbol on the Akkustikschnittstelle a vehicle action. The method further includes receiving a message from a route planner application of an imminent execution of the vehicle action by a vehicle system or more vehicle systems, and sending a command to an audio system to output the associated vehicle action Audio icon before which a vehicle system or the plurality of vehicle systems, vehicle perform action.


The title of this paper is to be construed as primarily referring to guided missiles. Some of the principles have possible application to more peaceful purposes, such as aircraft flight, but the primary emphasis is towards weapon systems. The principal guidance and control methods are discussed on a review basis but certain of them, which are particularly important or of which the author has special experience, are considered more fully. These are, in particular, guidance and control problems relating to homing missiles.


Objective The purpose of this study was to determine the age-related morphologic changes of cochlear efferent nerve in the senescence accelerated mouse.Methods The morphologic changes of cochlear efferent nerve terminals were studied in the senescence accelerated mouse/prone 1(SAMP 1) in 1,3,5,7,9 months.Normal aging control the senescence accelerated mouse/resistance 1(SAMR 1) was used.Results Compared with the SAMR 1,there were severe cochlear efferent nerve terminals loss in the SAMP 1 in 7,9 months(P0.05),and there were evident destroy on the construction of membrane of synapses.Conclusion There is age-related impairment of cochlear efferent nerve in the senescence accelerated mouse.


Urban design combines a concern with the visual form and function of urban development with its fit in its surroundings and wider context. The concept of the public realm, achieving a good urban quality, a sense of place and the public significance of new development, is vital within the urban design perspective. In urban development, there is a need to propose and discuss new thoughts, approaches, or tools, which can support and guide the development plans, and form essential design principles needed for such development policies and appropriated for protecting and promoting urban character and local identity. This paper introduces Urban Design Code (UDC) as a new urban tool that aims to guide urban development plans and manage change in urban societies, by ensuring good design principles for addressing urban character and harmony. The proposed UDC is not only enhancing intrinsic identity of existing urban character and architecture, but is proactively used as a reference code or a city-specific guide for new urban development. The paper methodology depends on; 1. Analyzing the UDC international concepts, thoughts,


The present invention discloses a mobile terminal single-hand mode implementation method and a mobile terminal. The method comprises: in response to a single-hand mode enable instruction triggered by a user, enabling a single-hand mode of a mobile terminal, and displaying a smart icon and a single-hand screen on the screen of the mobile terminal; receiving a control operation instruction of the user on the smart icon; and performing position and/or size adjustment and control for the single-hand screen according to the control operation instruction. The method and mobile terminal according to the present invention solves the problems that the enable response of the single-hand mode of the mobile terminal is not sensitive, and the adjustment of the single-hand screen position and size is not flexible.


ABSTRACT We discuss criticisms of Heaton, Grant and Matthews's (1991) Comprehensive Norms for use with the expanded Halstead Reitan Battery (HRB), specifically in the evaluation of patients of advanced age and/or limited education. Two clinical cases are presented to illus trate the potential risk of obtaining false negative resuits when relying solely on this normative system to assess cognitive functioning in such apopulation. In both cases, the patients were older men with very littie education, presenting with memory complaints and mild cerebral atrophy. When Heaton et al.s norms were used to interpret their HRB test scores, both patients were classified as unimpaired. How ever, when Reitan and Wolfson's (1993) norms were used, both patients were diagnosed as mildly-moderately im paired. This diagnosis was consistent with suppiemen tary test resuits, imaging resuits, and complaints in both cases. The cases high light the possibility of misclassifying elderly and/or less educated individuals patients a...


Climate change is any substantial change in Earth's climate that lasts for an extended period of time. Global warming refers to climate change that causes an increase in the average temperature of the lower atmosphere. Global warming is the combined result of anthropogenic (human-caused) emissions of greenhouse gases and changes in solar irradiance, while climate change refers to any change in the state of the climate that can be identified by changes in the average and/or the variability of its properties (e.g., temperature, precipitation), and that persists for an extended period, typically decades or longer. Green open space is one of solution for climate change mitigation.


Solar cooling technology is environmentally friendly and contributes to a significant decrease of the CO2 emissions which cause the green house effect .Currently, most of the solar cooling systems commonly used are the hot water driven lithium bromide absorption chillers. According to the operating temperature of driving thermal source, single – effect Li Br/H2O absorption chillers have the advantage of being powered by ordinary flat-plate or evacuated tubular solar collectors available in the market. The main objective of this work is to develop a computational model that allows the simulation of an hourly basis for an absorption refrigeration - single - effect used the LiBr/H2O as solution working fluid- system assisted by solar energy and natural gas as auxiliary fuel coupled with the residential building located in the hot and dry climate of Algeria. This model will be developed using the dynamic simulation program TRNSYS, considering three specifics areas of work: determination of the cooling loads for a building, implementation of the computational model for the absorption refrigeration system and the parametric optimization of components, which will make possible an approach to optimal sizing of the solar absorption system. The results of the simulation of the absorption chiller indicate that an area of 28 m2 of flat plat collectors with an inclination of 35° and 800 L for hot storage tank provides an annual solar fraction of 80% and a thermal performance coefficient COP of 0.73, getting to cover demand of air conditioning in a house of 120 m2 located in Biskra (Algeria).


Based on the theory of contact dynamics,the dynamic model with clearances of sizing press roll was established using the method of numerical simulation.The paper studied the effect of clearances on contact force inner Mechanism joints detailedly by the method of numerical integration of fix step length four orders Runge-Kutta.Researched results indicated that contact force's modification was very little inner joints of synchronize Mechanism under the state of no-load and heavy-load of sizing press, the rolling force that slab deformed created was supported mostly by side Mechanism.Studied results would supply accurately boundary conditions to stress analyzing for key structural unit and control joints clearances of all components in line.It had pro- vided the reference values for improvement dynamic characteristics deeply and reform in future for sizing press mill.


Movies were still a very popular means of entertainment. The current distribution of internet users causes a large amount of movie data to be created and distributed online. The emergence of movie streaming services makes consumers very interested in using automatic film genre classification. In this study, a multi-label film genre classification will be carried out based on an English synopsis. Data were collected from the Internet Movie Database (IMDb) website. The amount of data used in this study was 10,432 lines of data obtained using scraping techniques on June 7, 2022. Researchers divided the dataset labels into 18 labels representing each genre. Feature extraction using TF-IDF and Stemming. The multi-label classification algorithm used is the Support Vector Machine, Logistic Regression, and Naive Bayes Algorithms. Optimal parameter search using GridSearch of each algorithm. The optimum result in this study was obtained f1-score value of 0.58 using the SVM algorithm with TF-IDF feature extraction with stemming dataset, followed by NB with the f1-score value of 0.48 and LR with an f1-score value of 0.43.


This paper presents a new mathematical method to derive PMSM model, which introduces zero sequence inductance that rarely considered in papers before, and was built to observe parameter variation during different states. Moreover the simulation results proved that the PMSM model designed here is correct and more accurate to represent the PMSM body, since the simulation figures illustrates that the magnetic field energy loss increase massively when there was a fault, because of the existence of the zero sequence inductance.


A current issue in Mexico is the aging of the population. Mexico's demographic history has been strongly and directly related to political and economic decisions. Elderly people face significant income-generating challenges, which are essential to fulfil their basic needs which are increasing considerably. So it is really important to stress how the lack of job opportunities has affected the elderly in the State of Hidalgo; this based on the integration of socio-demographic and economic indicators that allow to explore of the conditions of this segment of the population, which is growing every day, and serves as an instrument to generate public policies to decrease the consequences, taking into account that this State has been placed in the first places of poverty at a national level.


Subtitle: The right packaging can have a big impact on supply chain operations and costs, but it has been an often overlooked competency. Today's focus on sustainability is changing that.


We create realistic, full-sky, half-arcminute resolution simulations of the microwave sky matched to the most recent astrophysical observations. The primary purpose of these simulations is to test the data reduction pipeline for the Atacama Cosmology Telescope (ACT) experiment; however, we have widened the frequency coverage beyond the ACT bands and utilized the easily accessible HEALPix map format to make these simulations applicable to other current and near future microwave background experiments. Some of the novel features of these simulations are that the radio and infrared galaxy populations are correlated with the galaxy cluster and group populations, the primordial microwave background is lensed by the dark matter structure in the simulation via a ray-tracing code, the contribution to the thermal and kinetic Sunyaev–Zel'dovich (SZ) signals from galaxy clusters, groups, and the intergalactic medium has been included, and the gas prescription to model the SZ signals has been refined to match the most recent X-ray observations. The cosmology adopted in these simulations is also consistent with the WMAP 5-year parameter measurements. From these simulations we find a slope for the Y200–M200 relation that is only slightly steeper than self-similar, with an intrinsic scatter in the relation of ∼14%. Regarding the contamination of cluster SZ flux by radio galaxies, we find for 148 GHz (90 GHz) only 3% (4%) of halos have their SZ decrements contaminated at a level of 20% or more. We find the contamination levels higher for infrared galaxies. However, at 90 GHz, less than 20% of clusters with M200 > 2.5 × 1014M☉ and z < 1.2 have their SZ decrements filled in at a level of 20% or more. At 148 GHz, less than 20% of clusters with M200 > 2.5 × 1014M☉ and z < 0.8 have their SZ decrements filled in at a level of 50% or larger. Our models also suggest that a population of very high flux infrared galaxies, which are likely lensed sources, contribute most to the SZ contamination of very massive clusters at 90 and 148 GHz. These simulations are publicly available and should serve as a useful tool for microwave surveys to cross-check SZ cluster detection, power spectrum, and cross-correlation analyses.


Describes a personal experience of the Management Charter Initiative and the Accreditation of Prior Learning course. Notes what benefits accrued, how difficult it was and the help available. Concludes that the MCI meets the needs of managers who have experience without qualification.


This paper introduces the design of Model ZJH36/127S weigh scale, including the basis,principle and design points, and lists the main application forms of this system.


The soil carbon sequestration is the long-term storage of carbon in soil which could well be accomplished by the application of biochar as a soil amendment. Biochar (BC) is a fine grained, highly carbonaceous, pyrolysed (low temperature) product of biomass. The pyrolysis temperature strongly influences the stability of biochar in soil; the higher the pyrolysis temperature higher would be the stability. Biochar being highly stable in soil due to its aromaticity, presence of amorphous structure and turbostatic crystallites, rounded structures and reduced accessibility to decomposers has lot of potential for long-term carbon sequestration. The higher stability of biochar in soil is also due to strong interactions with mineral surfaces. Biochar interacts with native soil organic matter (SOM) in a complex way; sometimes biochar showed positive priming effect or negative priming effect or no effect on native SOM. This depends upon the feedstock type, pyrolysis temperature and organic matter level of soil. The soils richer in organic matter status provide positive priming effect of native SOM due to biochar addition and vice-versa. Biochar has high carbon sequestration potential and long-term influence on native SOM. Biochar has huge potential for reduction of greenhouse gas emission form paddy field soils. Therefore, optimisation of feedstock, pyrolysis temperature for preparation biochar and its application in a specific soil is extremely essential for stability of biochar and protection of native SOM and greenhouse gas reduction for long-term carbon sequestration. Thus biochar carbon sequestration is not a myth rather it would be a reality in near future.


In this paper we present three new methods of order four using an accelerating generator that generates root-finding methods of arbitrary order of convergence, based on existing third-order multiple root-finding methods free from the third derivative. The first method requires two-function and three-derivative evaluation per step, and two other methods require one-function and two-derivative evaluation per step. Numerical examples suggest that these methods are competitive to other fourth-order methods for multiple roots and have a higher informational efficiency than the known methods of the same order.


Objective: To investigate the pre- and post-chemotherapy mutation status of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) exons 19 and 21 in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods: DNA in tumor tissue samples from 31 patients with NSCLC was extracted before and after chemotherapy. EGFR exons 19 and 21 were amplified by nested PCR, and the sequence of PCR products was detected. Results: The mutation of EGFR was founded in 6 patients with NSCLC before and after chemotherapy. Deletion mutation of EGFR exon 19 occurred in 4 patients and replacement mutation of EGFR exon 21 occurred in 2 patients. The mutation status of EGFR was consistent before and after chemotherapy. The mutation rate of EGFR was higher in females (2/3) than in males (4/28) (P=0.029). The mutation rate of EGFR was higher in non-smokers (4/9) than in smokers (2/22) (P=0.043). Conclusion: There are no changes of EGFR exons 19 and 21 mutations in patients with NSCLC before and after chemotherapy. DOI:10.3781/j.issn.1000-7431.2011.06.008


The invention relates to obtaining Aqueous paint compositions exhibiting excellent SHELF AND MAY also form paint films excellent appearance and water resistance. SE discloses a composition of an aqueous paint containing 50-10 parts by weight of a hardener, 50-90 parts by weight (solid) of an aqueous dispersion obtained by polymerizing an aqueous dispersion of a polyurethane resin MDIO MOLECULAR WEIGHT OF 1000 -50000, A VALUE ACID FROM carboxyl groups of 50 mg KOH / g, GROUPS CONTAINING SULFONATE 0.05-0.6 mol / 1000 G, CONTENT OF aLLYL 0.1-1.1 MOL / molecule and an acetate tolerance of 5 in aqueous dispersion, unsaturated monomers being contained in a proportion EXPRESSED weight ratio of polyurethane resin / ethylenic monomer unsaturated 5 / 95-60 / 40.


In modern photon statistics, classical and quantum behavior can be distinguished by various quantum states of photon statistical distributions: Poisson (coherent/semi-classical wave behavior), and sub-Poisson (compressed state/particle behavior). Since this type of measurement mechanism is often associated with advanced laser/optical or photonic techniques, can this type of distribution model be modeled using discrete 0-1 sequences? In this paper, several sets of simulation modes are designed, and FFT transformation is used to extract relevant eigenvalues. Following the processing methods in the variant construction, special filters are constructed using the quantum random sequence provided by ANU (Australian national university), and conditional random sub-sequences are collected as input sequences. Multiple segments are separated from a random sequence, and relevant eigenvalues of FFT are selected to form a special set of eigenvalues. The shift operations are used to transform each sequence, showing obvious non-stationary random effects on various maps.


This paper describes the electrical characterisation of a novel integrated passive component technology developed using low temperature co-fired ceramic (LTCC) techniques which provides high quality buried capacitors, up to 7.8 nF/cm/sup 2/, and buried resistor materials in the range 100 /spl Omega//sq. to 20 k/spl Omega//sq. The characterisation was undertaken to analyse the components' performance under the individual and combined effects of applied frequency (100 Hz-13 MHz), temperature (-60C to +160C), and DC voltage (-35 volts to +35 volts). The results seen when these applied parameters were varied with regard to one another show complex interactive behaviour which was a function of the materials used. The scope of the work (/spl sim/6500 buried LTCC capacitors and resistors) facilitated analysis of such effects on a statistical level and over a number of material batches. A series of electrical models were completed and two sets of predictive functions were derived for the capacitors and the resistors. The models employed data taken from measurements of cross-sections of a number of different component geometries, and the accuracy of the final models facilitated prediction of process related defects present where manufacturing parameters are not optimised. The predictive functions allow designers to confidently anticipate the electrical performance of the components over the entire working temperature range of the target application.


This article discusses the place of integrity in Ronald Dworkin's legal and political philosophy. It presents integrity as a response to certain problems that arise in any society in which more than one contestant view about justice is allowed to determine public policy and legal principle. It also analyzes the relation between integrity and justice, arguing that although integrity requires citizens and officials sometimes to uphold policies or positions they take to be unjust, Dworkin is nevertheless wrong to present them as competing political virtues. Instead, integrity operates as a second-level concept, addressing situations that arise in a society where there is disagreement about justice (and where, therefore, there is no uncontroversial account of what justice requires to set against the requirements of integrity). The article concludes with some reflections on the role of individual convictions about justice in context of law and social action.


Evoked potential~ in thc diagnosis of acute diseases of the spinal cord - -. . - . . - . - -. Somatosensory and motor evoked potentials are helpful in the early diagnosis of acute diseases of the spinal cord. Simultaneous recordings of evoked potentials give objnctive information about the extent of lesions of ascending and descending spinal tracts. Especially in non-cooperative or unconscious patients diagnostic of evoked potentials aiiows an early assessment of sensorimotor function. Thus evoked potentials give important information in the differential diagnosis of psychogenic paraplegia. A vertical localisation of the spinal lesion can be performed by an individual selection of multiple sirnultaneous recording levels. There is only a limited prognostic value of results of evoked potentials dependent on the spinal disease. Frequent clinical indications typical potential changes and important methodical limitations are iliustrated.


This article aims to identify aspects of the technology needed to control the technology in the oil sector active companies. This was a research, done with a descriptive, not experimental and transactional design. The study population was conformed by twelve (12) Petroleum Enterprises. The instruments used were two questionnaires, one applied to managers and leaders and the other to the project engineers. These were valided taken the opinion of 10 experts. To determine the reliability, the method of Cronbach (alpha) was used, yielding a result of 0,88 and 0,87 for the line management to the operational line, which were considered highly reliable instruments. The results were analyzed being used descriptive statistics, based on absolute, relative; calculate the mean and the standard deviation frequencies. In the data analysis, was identified that the control of the technology companies in the oil sector requires legal authorization or administrative permits that have to be considered on the activities of the technology and procedures to understand and assimilate the largest number of shares in order to realize the transition from technology provider to receiver.


Sulfide layers with a certain thickness were made on the surface of 1045 and 52100 steels by means of low temperature ion sulphuration process. Metallography, SEM +EDX and XRD were adopted to analyze the structure of layers, the tribological properties of layers lubricated by paraffin oil were also investigated on a SRV reciprocating tester. The results showed that sulfide layer was loose, its surface was porous and its structure was composed of FeS, FeS2 and substrate phases. Sulfide layer possessed a remarkable friction-reducing effect, its friction coefficient was about 50% lower than that of the surface without layer. With the increase of layer thickness, its friction coefficient was unchanged basically, and under low load conditions, its endurance life was prolonged, but showed little changes under high load conditions. Under the same experimental conditions, the endurance life of sulfide layer on 52100 steel was longer than that on 1045 steel and the friction coefficient was a little lower.


With 1 figure and 5 tables

Abstract

A high-oil maize inbred line Ce03005 derived from ethylmethane-sulphonate mutagenesis was used to study the genetic basis of stalk digestibility and kernel chemical compositions, and evaluate the genetic relationship between traits. Quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping employed 211 lines of F3 and F4 generations derived from Ce03005 × B73. Nuclear magnetic resonance and near-infrared reflectance spectrometry were used to analyse the following phenotypic traits: stalk digestibility and related traits including in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD), in vitro cell wall digestibility (IVNDFD), neutral detergent fibre (NDF), acid detergent fibre (ADF), water soluble carbohydrate (WSC), and kernel composition including kernel oil content (KOC), kernel protein content (KPC) and kernel starch content (KSC). Correlation analysis indicated that IVDMD, IVNDFD and WSC were significantly (P = 0.01) positively correlated with KOC, while ADF and NDF were negatively correlated with KOC. Six QTL for IVDMD, five for IVNDFD, six for NDF, eight for ADF, three for WSC, eight for KOC, seven for KPC and 10 for KSC were detected in F3 and F4 generations. Five major QTL (R2 > 10) of qIVDMD6, qIVNDFD6, qNDF6, qADF6, qWSC6 andOlicm6 shared the same confidence interval on chromosome 6. The results suggested that KOC may be closely related or share the same QTL for stalk quality traits, and its change may have influences to the stalk components.


Statistical properties of rough surfaces can be affected by the spatial resolution of the radar sensor. This study aims to understand effects of the spatial resolution on the statistical description of surface roughness properties and on the surface scattering characteristics of polarimetric radar signal. A new expression for the surface autocovariance function and its corresponding roughness spectrum is proposed in order to characterize surface scattering. Results represent increases in the backscattering coefficients in accordance with decreases in the resolution cell size. Conventional continuous spectrum in the theoretical scattering model could underestimate the radar response in case of the surface defined by high correlation length.


Equivalent effective stratospheric chlorine (EESC) construct of ozone regression models attributes ozone changes to EESC changes using a single value of the sensitivity of ozone to EESC over the whole period. Using space‐based total column ozone (TCO) measurements, and a synthetic TCO time series constructed such that EESC does not fall below its late 1990s maximum, we demonstrate that the EESC‐based estimates of ozone changes in the polar regions (70–90°) after 2000 may, falsely, suggest an EESC‐driven increase in ozone over this period. An EESC‐based regression of our synthetic "failed Montreal Protocol with constant EESC" time series suggests a positive TCO trend that is statistically significantly different from zero over 2001–2012 when, in fact, no recovery has taken place. Our analysis demonstrates that caution needs to be exercised when using explanatory variables, with a single fit coefficient, fitted to the entire data record, to interpret changes in only part of the record.


Preliminary results obtained by laser-induced chemical vapor deposition of silicon dioxide films are reported. Films have been deposited on a silicon substrate using a CO2 laser.


Receptivity, disturbance growth and transition to turbulence of the three-dimensional boundary layer developing on a swept flat plate are studied by means of numerical simulations. The flow is subject to a favourable pressure gradient and represents a model for swept-wing flow downstream of the leading edge and upstream of the pressure minimum of the wing. The boundary layer is perturbed by free-stream turbulence and localized surface roughness with random distribution in the spanwise direction. The intensity of the turbulent free-stream fluctuations ranges from conditions typical for free flight to higher levels usually encountered in turbo-machinery applications. The free-stream turbulence initially excites non-modal streak-like disturbances as in two-dimensional boundary layers, soon evolving into modal instabilities in the form of unsteady crossflow modes. The crossflow modes grow faster than the streaks and dominate the downstream disturbance environment in the layer. The results show that the receptivity mechanism is linear for the disturbance amplitudes under consideration, while the subsequent growth of the primary disturbances rapidly becomes affected by nonlinear saturation in particular for free-stream fluctuations with high intensity. Transition to turbulence occurs in the form of localized turbulent spots randomly appearing in the flow. The main features of the breakdown are presented for the case of travelling crossflow vortices induced by free-stream turbulence. The flow is also receptive to localized roughness strips, exciting stationary crossflow modes. The mode with most efficient receptivity dominates the downstream disturbance environment. When both free-stream fluctuations and wall roughness act on the boundary layer at the same time, transition is dominated by steady crossflow waves unless the incoming turbulence intensity is larger than about 0.5% for roughness amplitudes of about one tenth of the boundary-layer displacement thickness. The results show that a correct prediction of the disturbance behaviour can be obtained considering the receptivity and evolution of individual modes. In addition, we provide an estimate for the amplitudes of the external disturbance sources above which a fully nonlinear receptivity analysis is necessary.


This paper describes the design of a pressure measurement pointer indicator that adjusts automatically. Automating the gauge adjustment requires minimizing the number of controlled characteristics. The values of these controlled characteristics and the input/output characteristic resulting from error correlation analysis can be used to develop a mathematical model of the mechanical system of the gauge and to determine the dependence.


This study aims to find the concept of learning dance in elementary schools (SD) using puzzle media. Puzzles were chosen because they are educational toys whose prices are relatively affordable, and their use can be adjusted to the child's level of development. This learning concept is needed especially by teachers who do not have the knowledge of dance education but have to teach dance in elementary schools. To achieve this goal, the material object studied is the essence of learning dance in elementary school and puzzles. The formal object is descriptive correlational, an approach that seeks to describe the phenomenon of the material object being studied and the relationship between these material objects. The results of this study are the concept of using dance puzzles in teaching dance in elementary schools. The sources obtained from this research are the concepts constructed from this research that can be applied to dance learning in elementary schools. One of the implications of the results of this research is that teachers who do not have a scientific basis for dance education can teach dance proportionally in elementary schools.


An exploring investigation about the incidence of Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis (SBP) in patients hospitalized because of ascitis, between May 2000 through May 2001, is presented. The appearance of ascitis in the course of cirrhosis is in itself an unfavorable prognostic sign. Ascitis fluid may become infected originating a SBP. The classic syndrome is characterized by fever, abdominal pain, chills, absent bowel sounds, rebound tenderness, hypotension and encephalopathy. SBP should be suspected whenever a patient with ascitis has any of the symptoms mentioned or has clinical deterioration. The diagnosis of SBP is made by paracentesis, and examination and culturing of the fluid. Abdominal paracentesis was performed and the characteristics of the ascitic fluid were studied with reference to the clinical parameters, abdominal signs and symptoms, laboratory findings, cultures, roentgenologic results with ultrasonography, and the response to treatment. In ten patients strictly detected as SBP of 33 patients admitted during a year, accounted 33% ascitis or SBP. SBP should be treated whenever there is a compatible clinical syndrome, regardless the character of the ascitic fluid. Final culture results direct definitive therapy. 100% of the patients studied were alcohol-related cirrhosis, and a favorable reaction of 70% of the cases was obtained with the antibiotic association of ceftriaxone + metronidazole. Until the results of cultures are available, antibiotics must be used empirically.


The characteristics of BAF start-up in reused water progress were studied in this paper.The results showed that COD of BAF effluent was 40 mg/L and its removal rate wad 60% after 8 days;NH_4~+ -N removal rate was about 54% after 16 days;the quality of BAF effluent can meet municipal usage.


The first chapters of this textbook review some simple mathematics used in the physics of radiation therapy and the methods for producing x-rays. The units of dose in radiation are described, and it is shown how these units are applied to x-ray therapy and in treatment planning. The same kind of background information is given for radioactivity and supervoltage generators. There are sections on the medical use of radioactive isotopes, radiobiology, and protection in radiotherapy. There do not seem to be any biases in the presentation of the subject matter, but neither are there any strong opinions. Rather, this appears to be a collection of expanded lecture notes for radiologists, residents in radiology, and radiological technicians. As an only textbook it is adequate for x-ray technicians but far too superficial for residents in radiology. The book is well printed and bound. The typography is excellent. The illustrations are well conceived


The present application are agents for bleaching and / or coloring keratin fibers, comprising water, at least one alkaline agent, optionally at least one oxidation dye precursor and / or at least one direct dye, wherein the composition has a pH in the range of 8 to 12 and characterized is characterized in that it A) at least one nonionic surfactant A, selected from C8-C18 alkyl glucosides, further B) at least one zwitterionic surfactant B of the formula (I), wherein R is a saturated or unsaturated C R1 and R2 each independently represent a C C) at least one anionic surfactant C, selected from secondary C includes, wherein the total content of non-polymeric organic compounds having a melting point of 18 ° C and above, and a solubility in water at 25 ° C of less than 0.1 wt .-% and the total content of silicones each zero to a maximum of 0.1 wt .-%, based on the weight of the agent is.


Global routing is an important and time consuming step in the VLSI physical design cycle. In order to solve this problem effectively, we present two standard cell global routing approaches: a heuristic approach and an integer linear program (ILP) based approach. The objective of the heuristic approach is to find the minimum cost path for each net by enumerating a set of possible two-bend routes. It is also parallelized by using the Message Passing Interface (MPI) library to speed up the running time and achieve better performance. The ILP based approach formulates the global routing problem as an ILP problem and then relaxes it as a linear programming (LP) problem to reduce the computation complexity. All the algorithms are evaluated on Sun-blade 2000; the experimental results show high performance from both global routers. Good speedups and solution qualities are obtained from the parallel implementation. The average speedup achieved is five times on six processors, and the total density is reduced by an average of 2.45% as well.


In this paper, the author analyses the cause of cast\|in\|place pile foundation breaking, based on the cast\|in\|place pile foundation building in Zhuanglang River Bridge at Yongdeng, G312 road, and discusses the treatment, scheme and theoretic computation method of the breaking pile.


Abstract The present study examines global employee perceptions regarding the extent their work organization is family-supportive (FSOP). Data gathered from 522 participants employed in a variety of occupations and organizations indicated that FSOP responses related significantly to the number of family-friendly benefits offered by the organization, benefit usage, and perceived family support from supervisors. FSOP responses also explained a significant amount of unique variance associated with work–family conflict, job satisfaction, organizational commitment, and turnover intentions above and beyond the variance explained by the number of family-friendly benefits available by the organization and supervisor support. Results indicated that FSOP mediates the relationship between family-friendly benefits available and the dependent variables of work–family conflict, affective commitment, and job satisfaction. FSOP also mediated the relationship between supervisor support and work–family conflict. The results underscore the important role that perceptions of the overall work environment play in determining employee reactions to family-friendly benefit policies.


The invention discloses a backrest locking device in military vehicle seat. The device comprises a backrest bracket, a chair seat bracket, backrest side panels located on both sides of the backrest bracket, and chair seat side panels located on both sides of the chair seat bracket. The backrest bracket is movably supported on the chair seat bracket. An L shaped clutch base is arranged on a chair seat side panel on one side. When the backrest bracket erects, the front end of a backrest side panel abuts against the side panel of the L shaped clutch base. Backrest locking mechanism is arranged between the other backrest side panel and the chair seat side panel on the same side to the other backrest side panel. The structure of the backrest locking mechanism comprises: a position limiting block is arranged on the outer side of the backrest side panel, a wrench shaft is arranged on the inner side of the chair seat side panel, a wrench is movably arranged on the wrench shaft, a torsion spring is sheathed on the wrench shaft, both ends of the torsion spring respectively abut against the chair seat side panel and the wrench, a position limiting bayonet is arranged on the other end of the wrench and when the backrest bracket erects, the position limiting block is rightly located in the position limiting bayonet. The device provided by the invention has the advantage that the backrest bracket is stably connected with the chair seat bracket without shaking.


Happiness results, in part, from pleasant interpersonal relationships of which communicative acts and interactions are basic elements. Morality is observed as a foundation of human society and essential for positive interactional outcomes, and thus, for happiness. Interactions that end in mutual benefit to the dyadic members are the basis of
happiness and fulfillment. Rationale and validity of this postulate are presented. The falsely perceived benefits of
engaging in immoral interactions are based on a lack of understanding of human relations. The concept of mental
sanctuary is proposed to explain how humans cope with their private urges and passions and how some people
succumb to impulsive and immoral behavior. Research literature associated with Heiderian "balance criterion," and
P-O-X triads is examined to point out the connection of interpersonal tension in the structure of happiness


Plant K uptake depends on its intensity, capacity and removal rate of soils which can be modeled using K exchange-equilibrium obtained from quantity-intensity (Q/I) isotherms i.e. activity ratio at equilibrium (AReK), labile K (KL), potential buffering capacity (PBCK) and free energy change (−ΔG). These relations were studied in five major maize growing soils of district Ganderbal (Kashmir, India). AReK ranged from 0.26 to 1.21 x 10−3 (Mol L−1)0.5, KL from 0.26 to 0.67 cmolc kg−1, PBCK from 23.2 to 37.6 cmolc kg−1/(Mol L−1)0.5 and -ΔG from 3.98 to 4.81 K cal mol−1oK−1. AReK was found significantly correlated with clay (r = 840**) and K0 (r = 988*). Magnitude of labile K (KL), K held on non-specific sites (K0) and specific sites (KX) were higher in Sumbal silty clay. The negative values of ΔG indicated that K- (Ca + Mg) exchange in all the soils was spontaneous.


In the course of our studies on non‐thiol farnesyltransferase inhibitors based on the 2, 5‐diaminobenzophenone AAX‐peptidomimetic substructure, we have developed the (4‐nitrophenyl)butyryl (R1), the (2‐naphthyl)acryloyl (R2), the 4‐nitrocinnamoyl (R3), and the 5‐(4‐nitrophenyl)furylacryloyl (R4) groups as useful cysteine replacements. In this study, we combined these four groups with other AA(X)‐peptidomimetic substructures (5—10: R = H) reported in the literature. The 5‐(4‐nitrophenyl)furylacryloyl moiety (R4) turned out to be the most useful non‐thiol cysteine replacement yielding in all cases the most active inhibitors. By combination of this 5‐(4‐nitrophenyl) furylacryloyl moiety (R4) with the structurally simple AAX‐peptidomimetics 4‐aminobenzophenone (5) and 4‐aminodiphenylsulfone (6) potent, readily accessible non‐thiol farnesyltransferase inhibitors were obtained (IC50 = 12 nMand 10 nM).


Input saturation is an operating condition that is well known to the control community for its "side effects" which cause both conventional and adaptive controllers to lose their control performance (i.e., agility/bandwidth and command tracking) as well as stabilization capability. Characterizing the effects of input saturation via the angle of domain attraction and/or Eigen-values shifting as a function of input amplitude variation (in addition to frequency dependency of linear system) can be useful in providing directions for developing conventional treatments to the fixed-gain controller design paradigm. However, on-line treatment or adaptive control treatment to input saturation has shown limited proven success. This paper presents an effective adaptive control treatment to input saturation using two types of controllers: direct adaptive control and θ-D control. Detailed descriptions of both controllers formulated for spacecraft (SC) attitude control are provided, and design guidelines for both direct adaptive control and θ-D controllers are also included as generalized rules for selecting the initial sets of respective adaptation parameters (i.e., initial weighting matrices for both control laws). Their effective treatments are characterized, analyzed, and interpreted via a quadratic Lyapunov based function and Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman (HJB) optimization based technique, respectively. Dynamic stability behavior in the context of adaptive control via simulation based approach is also captured for both θ-D and direct adaptive control approaches. Their asymptotic stability behaviors via simulation based approach reflect the theoretical Lyapunov framework. The effectiveness of these two solutions is then demonstrated via a nonlinear SC environment subject to two classes of input saturations: (1) actuator authority limit and (2) attitude and rate error limits which a traditional fixed-gain proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller fails to stabilize using similar operating conditions,. It is worth pointing out here that both θ-D and direct adaptive controllers are robust enough to handle nominal operating conditions and input saturation situations without relying on other control augmentation schemes (e.g., pseudo control hedging (PCH), direct adaptive control+PID, PCH+neural network based) as presently offered by mainstream controllers. Both proposed control laws are attractive and directly applicable to future missions like aerocapture vehicle technology demonstration which requires not only adaptive robust performance and high precision orbit entry and exit (based on a single pass constraint) but also the ability to solve the guidance and control in a truly integrated guidance and control (IGC) sense. As a result, they offer a low risk and low cost design feature for aerocapture technology and practically help achieving the design within its constraint and accelerated schedule timeline.


Before making explicit the structural assumptions on the data b,A, f, h and u0 let us mention some important special examples. Perhaps the simpler example isthe linear heat equation ut −∆u = f. (1) So, b(s) = s,A(x, u, ξ) = ξ and g ≡ 0. This is a typical example of linear partial differential equation of parabolic type usually considered in undergraduate courses (see, e.g., John [31]). A modern treatment starts by introducing the notion of weak solution or by its reformulation as an abstract Cauchy problem on a Banach space    du dt (t) + Au(t) = f(t), u(0) = u0, ∗Partially sponsored by the DGES (Spain), project REN2000-0766.


One of the main challenges facing biology is to assign biochemical and cellular functions to the thousands of hitherto uncharacterized gene products discovered by genome sequencing. This chapter discusses the strengths and limitations of the many experimental and computational methods, including those that use the vast amount of sequence information now available, to help determine protein structure and function. The chapter ends with two individual case studies that illustrate these methods in action, and show both their capabilities and the approaches that still must be developed to allow us to proceed from sequence to consequence. 4


Dear Professor Hu,We are all grateful for your interest and support of The World Ophthalmology Congress and the ICO. Thank you.


We compute the Welschinger invariants of blowups of the projective plane at an arbitrary conjugation invariant configuration of points. Specifically, open analogues of the WDVV equation and Kontsevich-Manin axioms lead to a recursive algorithm that reconstructs all the invariants from a small set of known invariants. Example computations are given, including the non-del Pezzo case.


Objective: In this study, problem solving regarded within cognitive psychological literature and the relationship of cognitive stages of problem solving with various cognitive processes is studied in a theoretical frame. In the study the pattern of problem solving with reasoning, attention, working memory, planning, making strategy and relation pattern is tried to be explained with a model. Method: The study is composed of two stages. In the first stage, RSPM: Raven Standard Progressive Matrices (RSPM) was applied to the subjects. In this first stage subjects are expected to write down the mental stage they perform while solving the test substances in the RSPM test. In the second stage 6 neuropsychological tests were applied on the subjects who are university students. Findings: Findings of the study were analyzed by using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). Discussion and Conclusion: Two dimensional models were tried to be formed in order to explain the relation pattern of neuropsychological tests among each other. In this model the first dimension shows the problem solving stages within mental processes of a healthy person; the second stage shows the relationship between problem solving, reasoning, abstract thinking, and selective attention, continuous attention, working memory, planning and making strategy. Findings were discussed under the light of related literature.


We have successfully designed and synthesized the 221,372-bp cpDNA SynCpV1.0 with the native cpDNA of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii as the template. Homoplasmic SynCpv1.0-harboring algal strains were obtained by biolistic transformation and selected with an ascending gradient of antibiotic pressure. Meanwhile, we were pleasantly surprised to find that SynCpV1.0 was able to re-introduce and replicate normally after the total DNA of transplastomic algal strains were transformed to Escherichia coli, it indicated that SynCpV1.0 was able to shuttle between C. reinhardtii and E. coli. Finally, we analyzed the photosynthetic properties of SynCpV1.0-harboring transplastomic strains, the results showed that they exhibited the same photosynthetic efficiency as the wild strain of C. reinhardtii CC125, and could rescue the photosynthetic defect in mutant strain of C. reinhardtii CC5168. Herein, we have performed the "replacing surgery" of cpDNA and established an ideal platform to complete multiple cycles of "Design-Build-Test" for optimizing the cpDNA of photosynthetic organisms. Highlight An artificial cpDNA SynCpV1.0 is constructed by de novo chemical synthesis. The "replacing surgery" of cpDNA was performed in the chloroplast of C. reinhardtii It is found that artificial cpDNA was able to shuttle between Chlamydomonas chloroplast and E. coli. Establish an ideal platform to complete multiple cycles of "Design-Build-Test" for optimizing the cpDNA. One-Sentence Summary The chloroplast genome can be replaced by a complete synthesized genome and performs the designed biological function in C. reinhardtii.


This article analyzes the interactional positionings (DAVIES & HARRE,1999) of Filmow social network participants when commenting onaspects of gender and sexuality addressed in Almodovar's All About mymother, highlighting those that refer to transgender characters. We usean analytical tool that focuses on the contextualization of indexical cues(WORTHAM, 2001). By understanding gender through the perspective ofperformativity (BUTLER, 1990), we use Queer Theories as a theoreticalbasis. The study indicates the fi lm drives participants to refl ect on nonhegemonicdiscursive identity performances, even though participants donot always take transgressive positionings. Then we suggest reasons forthe diffi culties of mobilizing transgressive discourses.


The area of international communication possesses great potential for research. This study is undertaken in order to understand the influence of national culture on marketing communications between South African and German businesses. The study is undertaken as a cross-sectional quantitative survey combined with qualitative in-depth interviews to provide better understanding of the information obtained from the survey. The data was collected with the aid of a research questionnaire, which was emailed to the research sample. Collected data was analyzed using SPSS (Version 17.0) and descriptive analysis was carried out using tables and figures as well as the application of inferential statistics. The research sample was obtained from the Membership Directory 2010/2011 of the Southern AfricanGerman Chamber of Commerce and Industry with contact details of 500 companies located in South Africa and dealing with German businesses. Findings of the study revealed the following as critical cultural factors to marketing communication: language, value systems, religion, level of education, attitude towards time, as well as the marketing communication style and marketing messages. The study has revealed the emergence of new challenges for companies operating internationally. The national culture of each country is highlighted as an area of importance whose variables exert considerable influence on the communication process. In light of the research findings, recommendations for improving international communication between South African and German companies are provided.


The zoom principle of the 0.8×~8× zoom-stereo microscope objective is introduced.The focal length of front mount group,multifocal lens group,compensating lens group and back mount group were figured out respectively,43.149mm,—26mm,—26mm and 54.846mm,then were optimized to obtain initial structural parameters with the numerical aperture ranged from 0.15 to 0.2 by optical design software Zemax.Final structural parameters were obtained by again to optimize with the numerical aperture of 0.1,and optical aberration of the high,medium,low power lens before and after the optimization were analyzed respectively.According to Gaussian optical principle,non-linear motion y of compensating lens group was resolved by computing linear motion x of multifocal lens group, obtaining motion curve equation.Precision cam was designed and practical low-aberration stereo microscope objective will be developed.


Minna Padi is an integrated rice fish farming system that implements environmentally friendly cultivation and creates a sustainable ecosystem. However, the effects of minna padi farming systems on the diversity of natural enemies have not been reported previously. This research was conducted to compare the diversity and abundance of natural enemies [parasitoids and predators] in minna padi and conventional rice fields. Three pairs of minna padi and conventional paddy fields were selected for fields research. Natural enemies were collected in the field research using sweeping nets, yellow sticky traps and pitfall trap every two weeks during the cultivation. The results showed that the abundance of parasitoids was higher in minna padi than that in conventional farming systems. However, the abundance of predators was higher in conventional farming systems. Parasitoid and predator species richness also showed no difference between the two rice farming systems. However, the composition between the two farming systems was different, minna padi was dominated by parasitoids such as Aphonagmus sp. and Eurythoma dentata, while conventional dominated by a predator such as Pardosa pseudoannulata and Plexippus sp.


We construct a database on Russian banks and make part of it freely available. Whenever possible, we test consistency within and across different data sources.


Public health has long been a vital component of the U.S. healthcare system, incorporating principles of disease prevention and wellness promotion with a population-based approach. Decades of healthcare improvement efforts focusing on quality, safety, and cost reduction demonstrate the value of thes


Regular behaviour of the integrated field intensity of atmospherics (IFIA) over Calcutta have been analysed at 10, 20 and 30 kHz for a 2-yr period from October 1976 to September 1978 to explore its diurnal, day-to-day and seasonal variations in the VLF band. Some of the important results obtained are: (i) there is a month-to-month variation in the diurnal pattern showing highest value during the monsoon, (ii) a good correlation co-efficient (0·95) exists between the noise levels at extreme two frequencies, (iii) the median noise level at all the months decrease with the increase of frequency. All the results obtained have been interpreted in terms of source activity and propagation characteristics.


The wondrous world of food flavours never ceases to amaze me. Take, for example, the ingredients of this rather delicious goat cheese. Everything looks perfectly normal until you stumble across... "natural goat flavour".Now what is that supposed to be? And,...


The base set of primitive zero-symmetric sign pattern matrices with zero diagonal is { 1 , 2 ,..., 2 n − 1 } . In this paper, the primitive zero-symmetric sign pattern matrices with zero diagonal attaining the maximal base 2 n − 1 are characterized.


The project was funded by a State Wildlife Grant from the United States Fish and Wildlife Service and the Kansas Department of Wildlife, Parks and Tourism and coordinated through the Kansas Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit.


The use of biomass as an alternative energy resource requires its prior processing. Many options are possible. The present paper focuses on thermochemical routes and more specifically on fast pyrolysis carried out for the preparation of so called bio-oils. The optimization and scaling up of fast pyrolysis processes for improving bio oils yields and properties come up against several difficulties. The aim of the paper is to show that some of them are related to the lack of several basic scientific knowledges, more specifically at the level of the high temperature fast pyrolysis reactor. The analysis of these challenges (biomass sample thermal decomposition, biomass-reactor interactions, secondary reactions) suggests the development of several research topics.


The objective was to determine if encapsulation would improve the antioxidative property of phosphate in cooked muscle foods. Encapsulation of phosphate was done to protect the phosphate from endogenous phosphatases during the raw meat manufacturing steps. An initial experiment involved incorporation of encapsulated phosphates (0.5% sodium tripolyphosphate, STP or 0.5% sodium acid pyrophosphate, SAPP; meat weight basis) into ground beef patties that were immediately heat processed before storage (3 C). Phosphates were encapsulated with a hydrogenated vegetable oil designed to melt at 74 C (STP) or 60 C (SAPP). Unencapsulated STP samples had the lowest (P<0.05) cooking loss. Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances (TBARS) were lower (P<0.05) for the phosphate treatments compared to control samples (no phosphate) on day 0 and 6. Unencapsulated STP samples had lower (P<0.05) TBARS than the other phosphate treatments on day 0. However, there were no differences (P>0.05) in TBARS among the phosphate treatments on day 6. A subsequent experiment involved delay of heat processing after phosphate encapsulation. Ground turkey meat with 1% NaCl was incorporated with unencapsulated STP (0.3% or 0.5%), encapsulated STP (0.3% or 0.5% phosphate), or a blend of unencapsulated (0.3%) and encapsulated (0.2%) phosphate and compared to a control. Treated ground turkey was stored (4 and 24 h, 3 C) before cooking to two different endpoints (74 and 79 C). Cooked turkey was stored (3 C) for 0, 5, and 10 days. An improvement of 77% and 80% in the reduction of TBARS was found with the 0.3% and 0.5% encapsulated STP, respectively, in comparison to the unencapsulated STP. TBARS on day 10 from samples stored 24 h before cooking were higher (P<0.05) than the samples stored 4 h prior to cooking. Encapsulation of phosphates has the potential to retard lipid oxidation in further processed meats that required an extended raw meat processing time prior to cooking.


Direct and deliberate administrative support is needed to ensure the success of collaborative teaching at the secondary level. Teachers in some high schools may work closely with their colleagues, but in most high school settings teachers are more likely to work alone.


BackgroundHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fifth most common neoplasia, the treatment with conventional antineoplastic drugs did not result in satisfactory outcomes. Recently the oral multikinase inhibitor sorafenib has proved an improvement of overall survival in patients with advanced HCC. Similarly to other anti-angiogenic drugs, also sorafenib seldom induces the dimensional tumour shrinking usually observed in tumours responding to conventional cytotoxic drugs: data gathered from studies carried out with sorafenib and other competitors under development do not report any complete response in HCV-induced HCC. Case presentationAn 84-year old man with a long-lasting history of chronic HCV hepatitis was referred to our Institution for an ultrasonography investigation of a focal hepatic lesion. To better characterize the liver disease and clearly define the diagnosis of the focal hepatic lesion, the patient was hospitalized in our department. Laboratory and instrumental investigations confirmed the clinical picture of HCV-related liver cirrhosis and identified a hepatic lesion of about 6 cm featuring infiltrating HCC with thrombosis of the portal trunk. Due to the advanced stage of the disease, therapy with sorafenib 400 mg bid was started. Right from one month after the treatment start, a reduction of alpha-fetoprotein level was observed which, by the third month, turned down within the normal limits. In addition CT scan showed 50% reduction of the neoplastic lesion along with canalization of the portal trunk. At the sixth month the normalization of alpha-fetoprotein level at the lower limit of normality was confirmed and MRI showed complete disappearance of the neoplasia. In addiction a reduction of a metallo-proteinase serum level was obserdved. ConclusionsThis case is worth mentioning since, to the best of our knowledge, it represents the first evidence of complete response to sorafenib in an elderly patient with advanced HCV-related hepatocellular carcinoma. Background Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fifth most common neoplasia worldwide with an incidence of about 620,000 new cases per year, and represents the third most common cancer-related cause of death. Even though it is particularly widespread in Asia and Africa, an increase of incidence has occurred in the last years also in the Western countries. [1] Five-year survival from diagnosis, strictly related to the stage of disease, has been estimated between 48% and 75%. [2-4] In former times, the treatment of advanced HCC with conventional antineoplastic drugs did not result in satisfactory outcomes. [5] In the recent years, however, advances achieved in the knowledge of molecular mechanisms underlying the growth of HCC led to the development of new entities useful for the treatment of hyper-vascularized tumours such as HCC. In this scenario, the oral multikinase inhibitor sorafenib is the only drug which in two phase III pivotal placebo-controlled clinical trials undertaken in the Western countries and in the Asia-Pacific area has been able to induce a statistically significant improvement of overall survival in patients with advanced HCC. [6-8] Similarly to other anti-angiogenic drugs, also sorafenib seldom induces the dimensional tumour shrinking usually observed in tumours responding to conventional cytotoxic drugs: data gathered from studies carried out with sorafenib and other competitors under development do not report any complete response in Hepatitis C Virus (HCV)-induced HCC. Case Presentation In November 2009, an 84-year old patient was referred to our unit to ultrasonographically characterize a focal liver lesion of about 6 cm with thrombosis of the left portal trunk (PVT). The patient was in good shape (ECOG PS 0) with a history of chronic HCV-related hepatopathy clinically-functionally compensated. The aetiological frame carried out in our Unit confirmed the diagnosis of chronic hepatopathy evolving towards cirrhosis due to chronic HCV infection. Hepatic synthesis was well retained without clinical signs of liver impairment (CHILD A5). The following parameters turned out altered: AFP level 353 ng/ml (nv <7); CA 19-9 45.8 U/ml (nv <39); AST 99 (nv <40 U/L), ALT 142 (nv <41 U/l); platelet count 126/L (nv 150-400). Kidney function was within the normal limits. Contrast ultrasonography substantiated the evidence elsewhere detected. Multidetector abdomen CT scan (Light Speed Plus, GE Medical Systems, Milwaukee, USA) carried out using three-phase system following administration of iodine contrast medium (Iomeron 400, Bracco, Milano, Italy) confirmed the presence of a lesion of about 6 cm located between the hepatic segments IV and III characterized by indistinct margins and infiltrating, with wash-in in arterial phase and wash-out in late phase, typical of HCC. The lesion spread from the liver dome and from the margin of the Glisson capsule to the anterior area of the left portal trunk and its branch to segment III which were clotted. Splenomegaly (16 cm DL) and gallbladder microlithiasis were also pointed out (Fig. 1). No signs of ascitis were observed. Chest CT did not detect any metastatic lesion. Upper digestive tract endoscopy (esophagus-stomac-duodenum-jejunum) did not show signs of esophageal varix. The cardiac function evaluation excluded any symptom of heart failure. On the basis of this picture, a diagnosis of advanced HCC was made (BCLC C). Being impossible to utilize loco-regional therapy, a treatment with sorafenib tablets at the dose of 400 mg bid was started. The outcome of the therapy can be summarized as follows: 1 st assessment (after one month) – decrease of AFP level to 113 ng/ml and conversion of CA-19-9 to normal values (34 U/ml). 2 nd assessment (after three months) – further decrease of AFP value to 6.6 ng/ml. The three-phase multidetector CT (Light Speed Plus) with contrast medium highlighted a marked dimensional reduction of infiltrating focality at the segment III-IV (from 6 cm to 3 cm) (Fig. 2). Residual disease was predominantly localized at the segment IV of the liver in the upper site of the left portal trunk which, in any case, was re-canalized as compared to previous assessment. Also the portal trunk of the segment III appeared re-canalized. No evidence of new focalities and continuous absence of ascites have been pointed out. 3 rd assessment (after six months) – After six months of treatment with sorafenib the AFP value accounted for 2.3 ng/ml. The MRI (Signa HDx; GE Healthcare, Milwaukee, WI) with liver-specific contrast medium (Primovist, Bayer Schering) (fig. 3) did not identify at all the lesion at segment III and IV. The portal trunk was pervious and no other hypervascular lesions in the liver parenchyma were seen. The parameters of liver function were unchanged. The safety of treatment with sorafenib was acceptable and manageable: the only adverse events observed consisted of cutaneous rash requiring treatment with urea cream, and mild-moderate asthenia not negatively interfering with patient's daily activities. Lastly patients has been evacuate in a program aiming at correlating the serum levels of metalloproteinase inhibitors with the disease course. The analysis showed a marked reduction of metalloproteinase level during the treatment with sorafenib. (Fig. 4).


A normal impact problem for a lattice is considered. A solution is formulated for an arbitrary interaction potential between particles at the two impact ends and simple linear force interaction between particles within each lattice. Asymptotic response of a lattice to impact with truncated interaction and to different end accelerations applied to achieve a shock velocity are considered and related to the response to a step jump in velocity. The essential difference in the asymptotic head of the pulse response for different shock excitations is a constant phase shift in the arrival time of the dispersive oscillations relative to the step jump response. Then, weakly nonlinear interactions of quadratic form are considered within a lattice. A modification is made for the far‐field evolution equation previously obtained [J. Appl. Phys. 44, 4569 (1973)] for the asymptotic first‐order frequency dispersion and nonlinear response to a step jump in velocity. Comparison is made with numerical solutions of the lattic...


An epoxy Sn–58wt.%Bi solder joint was evaluated by a three-point bending test with electroless nickel immersion gold (ENIG) and electroless nickel electroless palladium immersion gold (ENEPIG) surface finishes aged at 85 °C and 85% relative humidity. Scanning electron microscopy
 and electron probe microanalysis were carried out to study intermetallic compound variation. The morphology, total thickness, and chemical composition of intermetallic compound in epoxy Sn58Bi solder joints were the same as those of Sn–58wt.%Bi solder joints with each surface finish.
 The average number of bending-to-failure cycles for the epoxy Sn–58wt.%Bi solder/ENIG joints and epoxy Sn–58wt.%Bi solder/ENEPIG was more than 4000 and 5000, respectively. The average number of bending-to-failure cycles of the epoxy Sn–58wt.%Bi solder joint decreased with
 increasing age. Three-point bending reliability of epoxy Sn–58wt.%Bi solder joints was higher than that of Sn–58wt.%Bi solder with both surface finishes. Cracking of all solder joints subjected to as-reflowed was propagated through the solder matrix. However, after aging for 1000
 h, cracking occurred primarily between intermetallic compound layers.


This paper presents a first acoustic analysis of the stops and affricates of the mixed language Light Warlpiri (Australia). The results suggest that the Light Warlpiri phonological inventory consists of a voiced and voiceless series of stops and affricates, differentiated by Voice Onset Time (VOT) wordinitially and by Constriction Duration (CD) medially, by incorporating English-like VOT differentiation and Constriction duration differences found in Kriol and also in a number of traditional Indigenous Australian languages. Word-initially, stops from Warlpiri words pattern with English/Kriol voiced stops; medially with the 'long' stops in Kriol, /c/ being the exception in patterning with short /ʤ/, rather than the voiceless /ʧ/. This inventory allows speakers of Light Warlpiri to maintain sufficient phonemic contrasts to accommodate vocabulary items in Light Warlpiri sourced from English/Kriol as well as Warlpiri, the Indigenous Australian language that they also speak.


There is often a desire to determine if the dynamics of interest are chaotic or not. Since positive Lyapunov exponents are a signature for chaos, they are often used to determine this. Reliable estimates of Lyapunov exponents should demonstrate evidence of convergence; but literature abounds in which this evidence lacks. This paper presents two maps through which it highlights the importance of providing evidence of convergence of Lyapunov exponent estimates. Worldwide ipod interest is then used as a practical example and the results bear semblance to both maps.


How are second language learners" beliefs about writing academic texts related to those of their language tutors? This study compares learners" and tutors" beliefs on writing in an academic context. The findings suggest that whilst the majority of the learners" beliefs seem to concord with their tutors", some learners may also hold beliefs about L2 writing strategies that are paradoxical or which can frustrate the language tutor. In addition, tutors may need to increase their awareness of the academic writing tasks learners are required to complete to achieve academic success.


Where aL(t/m2) is admisible compressive stress, and ~(t/m3) is weight of unit volume of material. Another important factor in the design concept of the super skyscraper is the estimation of the internal forces, compression and tension, produced by horizontal forces. Wind pressure between 120Kg/m2 and 240 Kg/m! is expressed as a function of the weight of the building, equivalent to 7.5% of vertical load which the supports resist. The supports of high structures require special forms in order to perform their important function. Fortyyears have passed since Frank Lloyd Wright presented his Mile High Skyscraper with the modem conceptual criteria. At that time the Empire State Building dominated as a symbol of skyscrapers with its height of 379 meters. Nowadays the Sears Tower in Chicago with its height of 442 meters has the record of being the highest building in the world for about 15 years and is barely a few meters higher than the World Trade Centre in New York. In the eighties new projects ofskyscrapers were elaborated, such as the Coeixstence and Television City in New York with the height ,of630 and 650 meters as well as the recently designed Everhon centre with 207-floors, almost 800 meters high. Despite the many projects that were created in these years, none of them exceeds the Mile High Skyscraper of Frank Wright's with regard to it's height as well as architectural and structural elegance. Having gone through publications on super high buildings and studying the evolution oftheir designs, I decided to present my vision of a mile high skyscraper. maximum height H =~ = gm 500 m concrete 2000 m steel 5500 m aluminium


Picotechnology is engineering at the molecular (groups of atoms) level that involve the manipulation of matter at the smallest scale (10 −12 ). At this very small scale (Pico), the properties of materials such as colour, magnetism and the ability to conduct electricity change in unexpected ways. Picotechnology is used in instrumentation, photochemistry, chemistry, biochemistry, microbiology, molecular biology and developmental biology etc. The products of science can have common examples in fuel cells, fabrics or drug design. The picoscale particles can be encapsulated more precisely within polymers and can be functionalized with protein or nucleotides. The temperature, humidity, electricity and their regulatory factors play a significant role in biomedical, automotive actions of biomolecules in the environment. The proteins and their regulatory metal cofactors also play a significant role in structural-functional actions of biomolecules in the body, those analysis/measurements becomes a possible with Picoscience.


Significant negative environmental impact has been noticed at the campus garden of Gdansk University of Technology in Gdansk, Poland, when the withered leaves of Quercus robur Oak Tree (OL) cover large areas at such places. In this regard, an attempt has been made to recycle the most abundant agricultural leaf waste into a high quality local activated carbon (LAC) for use in the decolorization processes of dye industrial wastewater. A novel AC prepared from OL was studied for removing of crystal violet dye (CV) from aqueous solution under various experimental conditions. The effect of an OLAC adsorbent dose (5-30 mg/25ml), pH (3.09.0), two levels of shaking (90 and 130 rpm) under different contact times as compared to the sorption process at soaking in a beaker for one day, and CV initial concentrations (5-40 mg/l) were all studied in a batch mode process. The sorption exhibited high efficiency for CV adsorption and the equilibrium state could be achieved in 20 minutes for the different CV initial concentrations. CV uptake was proved to increase with the increase in OLAC dose, pH, shaking rate, contact time, and CV initial concentration. The applicability of Lungmuir and Freunflich isotherm equations was investigated. The Freundlich isotherm exhibited a better fit with the experimental data with linear regression value (R 2 ) of 0.9937, although the isotherm parameters of the Langmuir isotherm also indicate favourable adsorption. The maximum capacity (qm) obtained from Langmuir isotherm model was 41.15 mg/g for CV. The results of this study demonstrated the feasibility of applying the low cost and abundantly available OL as a raw material for the preparation of high-quality AC the for removal of CV from aqueous solution.


: 11 Wind power is a key renewable electricity source for Europe that is estimated to further 12 develop significantly by 2050. However, the first generation of wind turbines is reaching 13 their End of Life and the disposal of their blades is becoming a crucial waste management 14 problem. Wind turbine blades consist primarily of reinforced composites and currently there 15 is a lack of a sustainable solution to recycle them. 16 The aim of this study is to estimate the wind turbine blade waste material for Europe until 17 2050 and is the first study adopting a high geographical granularity level in Europe, while 18 distinguishing between offshore and onshore. In addition, the wind turbines' lifespan is not 19 considered as a fixed value, but rather as a stochastic distribution based on historic 20 decommissioning data. This study can support researchers, practitioners and policy makers 21 to understand the future evolution of the blade waste material availability, identify local 22 hotspots and opportunities and assess potential circular economy pathways. The results indicate that wind power capacity in Europe will reach 450 GW in 2050 with the 24 respective total yearly blade waste material reaching 325,000 t. Findings for selected 25 countries reveal that in 2050 Germany will have the majority of blade waste material from 26 onshore wind and the United Kingdom from offshore. There is also a significant fluctuation 27 in the yearly amount of waste expected at the country level, for several countries. Finally, 28 local hotspots of blade waste material are identified.


The goal of this final project for MIT's 6.857 Computer and Network Security class was to implement a quantum-resistant homomorphic encryption scheme that can eventually be used to encrypt data for blind quantum computation. Using Python, we were able to develop a Gentry-Sahai-Waters homomorphic scheme that supported integer addition. We also review the role that classical homomorphic encryption will play in securing data sent to a quantum computer.


The JCOERE Project, funded by the European Commission's DG Justice Programme (2014-2020), addresses two aspects of the European Union's strategy to respond to the problems of cross-border insolvency within the increasingly integrated internal market. The European Commission's strategy is described in the Commission Recommendation 2014/135/EU on a new approach to business failure. The first aspect concerns the co-operation obligations that have been imposed on all domestic Member State courts and judiciary under the European Insolvency Regulation (Recast) 2015/848 (EIR Recast). The second concerns the implementation, subsequent to the Preventive Restructuring Directive 2019/1023, of a preventive restructuring framework in the domestic law of all Member States.

The second JCOERE Report analyses the co-operation obligations arising from the EIR Recast, which are imposed on courts and practitioners in EU Member States to co-operate in cross-border insolvency and restructuring matters. The Report also undertakes a benchmarking of judicial utilization and awareness of best practice guidelines on co-operation that have been adopted by European and international organizations. This was achieved through engagement with judicial networks during a number of interactive workshops and through the distribution of a judicial survey to three focus groups comprised of members of the judiciary. This, together with JCOERE Report 1, has contributed to answering the overall project research question, which asks:

Based on existing experience with restructuring (e.g. Ireland), will obstacles to court co-operation arise from substantive rules, which are particular to preventive restructuring.

Will some of these obstacles to court co-operation be exacerbated in the preventive restructuring context, given that they pertain to existing procedural rules?

JCOERE Project Report 2 reflects the goals of Work package 3 of the Project and accordingly focusses on the courts, including judicial and administrative authorities, charged with approving and implementing restructuring plans and to which the co-operation obligations are addressed. The second Report considers the application of best practices for co-operation of cross-border preventive restructuring cases, judicial awareness of existing obligations and guidelines and judicial practice in this area. Report 2 also considers broader questions, such as differences in judicial culture across the EU Member States, how this impacts mutual trust and effective cooperation, and how the obligations and broader initiatives concerning judicial co-operation are fundamental to the question of European integration and harmonization.

The research in Report 2 also undertakes a comparative analysis of judicial co-operation in another federalized jurisdiction, undertaking a comparison between the European Union and the United States.

The JCOERE Project was led by a team at University College Cork School of Law in collaboration with a team at the University of Florence, Titu Maiorescu University in Romania and INSOL Europe.

The content of this document represents the views of the author only and is his/her sole responsibility. The European Commission does not accept any responsibility for use that may be made of the information it contains.


One of the most dramatic changes in cell shape occurs during cell division. At the onset of mitosis, flat interphase cells become spherical in a matter of minutes. Mitotic cell rounding has been observed for several years, and it is believed to play a role in spindle orientation, chromosome orientation, and positioning of the cleavage furrow (Cramer and Mitchison, 1997; Sanger et al., 1984; Théry et al., 2005). Mitotic cell rounding is accompanied by changes in the actin cytoskeleton. During interphase, actin is predominantly organized into stress fibers that extend across the cytoplasm, anchored at one or both sides by focal adhesions (FAs). Upon entry into mitosis, focal adhesions and stress fibers disassemble, and actin relocalizes primarily to the cell cortex. This disassembly of FAs, or ''de-adhesion,'' is a key event in the transition from flat to round cells and needs to be tightly coordinated with the cell cycle. The existence of an adhesion-dependent checkpoint has been a matter of speculation for many years. In this issue of Developmental Cell, Marchesi and colleagues characterize the role of DEPDC1B, a protein that accumulates during G2, in coordinating de-adhesion and cell-cycle progression at mitotic entry (Marchesi et al., 2014). Marchesi et al. found that silencing DEPDC1B expression induced a delay in mitotic entry, specifically at the transition from G2 to M. DEPDC1B knockdown (KD) cells displayed FAs that were bigger and took longer to disassemble, suggesting that the mitotic delay could be caused by defects in de-adhesion. These effects could be rescued by conditions that weakened adhesion, such as vinculin KD, and phenocopied by conditions that promoted adhesion, confirming that adhesion was the key element regulating the mitotic delay. Overall, this can be considered a checkpoint since it is coordinated with the cell cycle and ensures the fidelity of the process. However, this adhesion-mediated checkpoint is ''milder'' than a G2/M arrest induced by DNA-damaging agents, and it delays rather than arrests cell-cycle progression. Phenotypically, DEPDC1B KD cells are flatter and more motile and often fail to detach and become rounded. They also show a delay in the activation of mitosispromoting factors, such as CDK1, and in the disassembly of the nuclear envelope, suggesting that the adhesion checkpoint acts upstream of these processes. In an elegant experiment, the authors show that silencing DEPDC1B had no effect in cells that had been adapted to grow in suspension, confirming that when no de-adhesion is needed, the function of DEPDC1B is dispensable. It has been shown previously that the transition from flat interphase to round mitotic cells is a carefully choreographed process that is regulated by the small GTPase RhoA through its effector Rho kinase (ROCK) (Maddox and Burridge, 2003). RhoA activity is high during interphase and also during cell rounding, but it is not required for de-adhesion (Maddox and Burridge, 2003). These results suggest RhoA may need to be inactivated for cells to detach. Indeed, in DEPDC1B KD cells, both RhoA activity and Myosin light chain 2 (MLC2) phosphorylation levels are increased. Since MLC2 is one of the main targets of ROCK, these results suggest that DEPCD1B functions as a negative regulator of the RhoA/ROCK signaling pathway. Consistent with this hypothesis, the DEPDC1B mitotic delay can be rescued by silencing RhoA (but not other GTPases) or by inhibiting ROCK. How does DEPDC1B modulate RhoA activity? Although DEPC1B has a


This paper deals with the main behavioural issues involved in the seismic design of typical forms of concentrically braced frames. The response of bracing members under monotonic and cyclic axial l...


Air quality as an important index of living environment is attended widely. In recent years, harmful gas that is released by new-fashioned building and decorative materials has become the main factor, affecting indoor air quality and threading to human health. How to predict harmful gas concentration will have important effect for setting down preventive methods reasonably and avoiding air pollution effectively. The paper optimizes traditional GM (1,1) model and constitutes information revision model. Practical test shows precision of predicted results is better than traditional model after ameliorating. Predicted results can reflect the trend of harmful gas pollution and provide technical support for pollution prevention of building interior harmful gas. Introduction Buildings play an important part in daily work and life. It is significant that air quality inside the building will produce important influence for people's physical and mental health. In recent years, because a large number of materials are used in construction and decorating which contain harmful substances, indoor air is polluted seriously[1]. Space closure and ventilation rate reduction of Commercial buildings equipped with air conditioning system lead to the concentration of indoor harmful gas surpass criterion[2]. It is known that there are hundreds of different species of indoor harmful gas, for example benzene, ammonia, radon and its homologue etc[3]. The results showed the changing rules with times of the indoor harmful gas concentration have the characteristics of a typical grey system [4]. Because GM model can predict changing rules of indoor harmful gas based on the known information (no fewer than four samples), it provide decision-making basis for indoor air pollution prevention and control. Establish GM (1, 1) Prediction Model Build Prediction Model Set indoor harmful gas concentration values: (0) (0) (0) (0) (0) ( (1), (2), , ( )), ( ) 0 ( 1, 2, , ) 1 X X X X n X i i n = > = Do cumulative compute for (0) X , get the results of (1) X : k (1) (0) X (k)= X (i) i=1 ∑ ; Set (1) X for the continuous function of time t , namely (1) (1) ( ) X X t = ; Establish GM (1, 1) prediction model: (1) (1) dX aX u dt + = (1) a is a identified parameter, μ is a grey parameter. Make integral for equation1 in the interval from 1 − k to k , get to: (1) (1) (1) (1) (0) 1 1 1 ( ) ( 1) ( ) ( ) , (2,3, , ) 2 k k k k k k dX X k X k a X t dt udt X k a u k n dt − − − − + ⋅ = ⇒ + ⋅ = = ∫ ∫ ∫ (2) Set to (1) (1) (0) ( ) ( 1) ( ) ( ), ( ) 2 X k X k y k X k X k + − = = . Use the least squares method to calculate the values of α and μ . Set to 2 min ( , ) [ ( ) ( )] f a u a x k u y k k = × + ∑ .Conforming to the condition f f a μ ∂ ∂ = ∂ ∂ [5]. get to: 2 [ ( ) ( )] ( ) 0