Poverty can be considered a chain reaction often affecting generation after generation, a chain reaction that often interferes with health care, food consumption, resources, transportation, living arrangements, proper clothing, water supply, heat supply, electricity and phone service. Many families have needs that by far surpass the needs mentioned above. Many of us have no idea what it is to live in poverty. We wake up each morning warm in our beds to our alarm clock blaring and the smell of breakfast wafting across the room; someone may even be in the shower, and all we can think about is not wanting to go to work, not wanting to clean off our cars after the snow has fallen and not wanting to choose from the ten pairs of shoes in our closets. We never stop to think about the family that may live next door, the family that does not have a car, that has no phone, that has one pair of shoes each, that has no heat, no electricity, no job to attend and has no idea when they will be able to take a shower again. The simple fact is that there are many families in society today that deal with the above problems for years on end. They may have no idea where their next meal is coming from or how long they will have heat, water, and electricity before it is shut off again. Families living in this type of income bracket have to make due with the supplies that they are surrounded by. They have to strive to meet the needs of their families even when they have to give up their own food, clothing, and more. There are also the silent, but needy, voices of poverty. The voices that have never known what it feels like to live comfortably. These silent voices belong to the children of poverty. The unheard voices of youth that often have never known anything different from what they've grown up around. Many will never know what it is like to live in one place their entire lives. They may scrounge each and everyday for change just so their parents can put food on the table. Children come from many different family setups. It is not the job of society, school, or the work place to help change the family makeup, but it is the job of society, and the school teacher to work with the positive things the child comes to school with. Children come from single parent households, two parent households, guardian homes, etc. The many different ways families are made-up today allows teachers to learn about the differences and beliefs that every family has. Children are easily influenced by what their parents tell them or by how their parents act when they are around them. If a parent is unemployed and financially unstable the child may believe that this is how life is supposed to be when they grow up therefore they strive to complete the minimal amount of work necessary to get by. I think many of these children grow up to be just like their parents. This may be because they don't have the resources to attend college or the right directions to succeed. I know as a child I was greatly influenced by the hard working individuals that surrounded me. These people often instilled values in me that pushed me to work hard and to accomplish everything I could. This type of behavior also hindered my lifestyle because I often work myself to great exhaustion. There is so much I want to learn about poverty and children living in poverty each and every day. It is hard for me to imagine not having a telephone, heat, electricity, etc., because these are things I've always had. I believe that before I can learn about the children living in poverty I need to first learn about the families of these children. I believe learning about families will help me to understand why some of these children have to suffer throughout their lives. I have tried writing about the experiences I have witnessed in my lifetime thus far as well as the factual information that I will further include from books, magazines, and movies we watched in class. …


FROM BABEL TO DRAGOMANS Interpreting the Middle East Bernard Lewis New York: Oxford University Press, 2004. xvi, 438pp, $36.95 doth (ISBN 0-19-517336-8)The 51 articles and n-page introduction in "From Babel to Dragomans" take up 438 pages of rather fine print in single-line formatting. All except one of these articles have already been published and are, according to the author, linked by his thematic perception of history and intended to target the general reader (u).In the introduction, Bernard Lewis presents himself as a multilingual scholar with first-hand experience of the culture of the Middle East, where almost every aspect arouses his interest, especially in relation to Christendom. Lewis asserts that the study of Islamic history must be based on the primary sources and should seek to discover "what happened, how and why it happened" the way it did (8), from the sources. However, he does not mention the number of the manuscripts he might have edited, and/or published as an evidence of his lexical competence (6). His direct, personal experience of the Middle East goes back over 50 years, comprises less than two years of undisclosed academic training and almost five years in the British foreign office in intelligence gathering (2-4), and he keeps up with what is "on the grounds of the Middle East" through his contacts with academic colleagues, encounters with students from the region, and his relations with the rulers-whom he calls, in the second part of the book, tyrants, corrupt, and untrustworthy. In other words, for over 50 years, his experience of the Middle East has been generalized abstractions from secondary sources whose reliability cannot be established (10).Lewis does not believe that the Arabs of the Middle East are capable of change, because their "religious culture of Islam inspired dignity...in times of disruption, when deeper passions are stirred [which deeper passions?], this dignity can give way to...rage and hatred, which impels the government of an ancient and civilized country [probably referring to Iran]...to espouse kidnapping and assassination, and try to find, in the life of their Prophet, approval" (329). Thus, with a stroke of his pen, over one billion Muslims in many geographical locations and cultures have been arrested in a static historical image. Therefore, for him, contemporary world politics is a "clash of civilization" (331).His argument for a "clash of civilization" is encapsulated in his emphasis on the Muslim feelings of humiliation that he claims arose from their sense of defeat and being dominated by the "infidels of the West" to which they were superior, or once conquered, during the golden age of Islam, one thousand years ago. That means Muslim hatred and rage are centuries old (320-21). Even when this image is Arab-specific, Lewis chooses not to proffer an explanation as to why political rebellions against western domination have usually been under a secular or national, and not religious, banner.Further, the professor pays little attention to his own dictum of objectivity and primary sources. He claims that the Suleymaniye Mosque in Istanbul shows the influences of Byzantium, Persia, and Christianity, without a word about what these were (15-16). He admits that the architectural blueprint that expresses the nature of Muslim congregational prayer is very different from that of Christianity. …


Context is the condition for cognitive pragmatic inference,the source and supplement of cognitive context.Accordingly,translators need to do some necessary translation supplement with reference to the cognitive context of the target language reader.


A device for cleaning of perfused with at least one process fluid channels with a fluid cleaning medium, the apparatus comprising at least one supply (8) and at least one dispensing device (9) for the cleaning medium, a shut-off device (1) and an adjusting device for regulating the cleaning medium supply in the to cleaning channels by positioning the shut-off device (1) as a movable component within an at least partially curved hollow body (2) having at least one stationary (2a) and at least one rotating (2b) part, the adjusting device comprising a transmission element (3) for the transmission of tensile and thrust forces from the at least one stationary (2a) in the at least one rotating (2b) part, comprising - at least a first drive or output element (4) for straight tensile and thrust transfer in a first direction, which is connected to a drive means, - at least a second drive or output element (6) which is connected to the movable member that forms the straight tensile and thrust transfer in a second direction, the first direction an angle in the range of greater than 0 ° to less than 180 ° , and - an element (5) for transmitting the tensile and shear forces on this angle.


We present a scheme for measuring completeness of local feature extraction in terms of image coding. Completeness is here considered as good coverage of relevant image information by the features. As each feature requires a certain number of bits which are representative for a certain subregion of the image, we interpret the coverage as a sparse coding scheme. The measure is therefore based on a comparison of two densities over the image domain: An entropy density pH(x) based on local image statistics, and a feature coding density pc(x) which is directly computed from each particular set of local features. Motivated by the coding scheme in JPEG, the entropy distribution is derived from the power spectrum of local patches around each pixel position in a statistically sound manner. As the total number of bits for coding the image and for representing it with local features may be different, we measure incompleteness by the Hellinger distance between pH(x) and pc(x). We will derive a procedure for measuring incompleteness of possibly mixed sets of local features and show results on standard datasets using some of the most popular region and keypoint detectors, including Lowe, MSER and the recently published SFOP detectors. Furthermore, we will draw some interesting conclusions about the complementarity of detectors.


Purpose – This paper aims to assess the impact of group affiliation and anticipated expropriation on North American firms' value. Design/methodology/approach – The net impact of firms' affiliation to groups is generally far from evident. While group affiliation can be perceived as positive news because of the benefits of internal capital markets, the fear of expropriation of minority interests by large shareholders can mitigate such benefits. This commands some empirical investigations, which are done in this paper through statistical analyses. Findings – The results indicate that group affiliation has a positive and significant impact on North American firms' value and, more specifically, on US firms' value. The negative impact of the anticipated expropriation of minority shareholders mainly comes from divergence in ownership and voting rights between the first and second ultimate owners. Group affiliation, then, is valuable, even in countries with well-organized capital markets. The results may explain the current wave toward mergers and acquisitions. Originality/value – The paper provides useful information on the impact of group affiliation and anticipated expropriation on North American firms' value.


Background: Several studies illustrated that IL-23/Th17 axis could be an important pro-inflammatory pathway in atherosclerosis. As a key element in this inflammatory mechanism, interleukin-23 receptor (IL-23R) may play a critical role in the pathological process of atherosclerosis. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in IL-23R have recently been consistently found to be associated with atherosclerosis diseases. However, its association with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is still indistinct. Here, we discussed whether genetic polymorphisms in IL-23R (rs11209026 G/A) were associated with susceptibility to ACS. Methods: Among 160 patients with ACS, it includes 80 patients with unstable angina pectoris (UAP), 80 patients with myocardial infarction (MI), and 80 control subjects were selected randomly. The polymorphisms of IL-23R (rs11209026 G/A) were analyzed by the Sanger method. Results: Data showed that percentages of rs11209026 AG genotypes were significantly lower in ACS group (including: UAP and MI) than in controls (odds ratio [OR]= 0.324, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.148 - 0.712, p = 0.005; OR = 0.351, 95% CI: 0.135 - 0.910, p = 0.031; OR = 0.303, 95% CI: 0.112 - 0.817, p = 0.018, respectively). Furthermore, there was no correlation between rs11209026 G/A SNP and dyslipidemia-associated ACS. Conclusions: The variant of the rs11209026 polymorphism in IL-23R gene might decrease the risk of ACS, and these data suggest that AG genotype of the rs11209026 G/A polymorphism may act as a protective factor for acute coronary syndrome and subtype of ACS.


lubricant-air separator is an important part of lubricant system in aeroengine,and the effect of acentric lubricant-air separator is the best among multifarious separator.It separates gas from the lube by means of centrifugal force.In this paper,the technology of separation is analyzed contraposing the lubricant-air separator in aeroengine,the calculation models is created.Then we decide its structural dimension according to the request to the effect of separation,and the parameterized design of rotor in lubricant-air separator is realized,by means of the second development of Unigraphics.


Emmeniopathy is one of the most common diseases for women. Its disease and syndrome is rather miscellaneous and the cause is various. It often affects women's physical and mental health and quality of life. Understanding of the emmeniopathy has a long history of traditional Chinese medicine. Up to now, it also has variety of diagnosis and treatment and good clinical effect. Through reviewing the literature related to emmeniopathy, the author has summarized and outlined the diagnosis and treatment of Chinese medical progression of emmeniopathy of all ages from its theoretical origin, etiology and pathogenesis, syndromic types, treatment of Chinese medicine, etc. It is the future reference for the diagnosis and treatment of traditional Chinese medicine of emmeniopathy.


This chapter summarizes the main developments in the production and international distribution of alcoholic drinks over the last 25 years. It does not claim to be comprehensive because of the disparate nature of the subject and the absence of a systematic survey of the available material. The aim is a modest one, namely to summarize the main trends and features of the market in alcoholic drinks and to examine the relevance of these developments for public health issues.


The aim was to evaluate the outcomes associated with four initial management strategies in new patients presenting to primary care physicians with dyspepsia.


We realize a dielectric metasurface that enables full-color generation and ultrasmooth brightness variation. The reproduced artwork "Girl with a Pearl Earring" features photorealistic color representation and stereoscopic image impression, mimicking the texture of an oil-painting.


Abstract Melon fly, Zeugodacus cucurbitae (Diptera: Tephritidae) (Coquillett) is the major pest of cucumber, Cucumis sativus. We investigated the attractiveness of roosting plants with food bait spray to manage melon fly in cucumber under open field conditions. Cucumber was planted over two successive Kharif seasons together with maize (Zea mays), castor bean (Ricinus communis), sorghum (Sorghum bicolor), and Napier grass (Hybrid Co-3) as border plants. Border plants were sprayed weekly with an azadirachtin based food bait. The study revealed that castor bean was the most attractive roosting plant to melon fly followed by maize, sorghum, and Napier grass. The adult melon flies preferred to roost on the lower sides of the maize, sorghum, and Napier grass leaves and on the stems of castor bean. There were significant differences in the per cent fruit infestation of cucumber in all roosting host treatments except Napier grass compared to the control, with the lowest fruit infestation of 11.75% recorded in castor bean treatment. The highest cucumber yield 17.90 t/ha and the highest number of cucumber harvests 13.75 per season were observed in the castor bean treatment. Establishment of preferred roosting hosts could improve the bait application technique .


Hanny Prick EGPRN Executive Manager E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com extended Council meeting, where the future development of EGPRN will be discussed. It is a tradition of EGPRN meetings that participants are invited to visit local practices, where they can get an idea of the national health care system and care for patients. The EGPRN meeting is also a place of friendly contacts and informal discussions on various matters, a place where future collaboration can start or a place to enjoy the company of each other. The organizers of Ljubljana meeting kindly invite you to visit the EGPRN meeting in Slovenia.


Phengitic muscovite-2M, crystals 1ttzt1(*,orNaoo, o.Cfo* o*Bao. oor)'ul(Alr*-rrrF$iu-orn Fel,i, n,uMgo. o,uMr5.-'rTi,. o*)' ' ,(Sir.r,.ALro,,r)(OH),ru rorFo, o*rOnr, ,or.] from pegmatites and peraluminous granites were refined to investigate the influence of phengitic substitution on the mica structure. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction data were collected for eleven crystals in the C?Jc space-group (agreement factor 2.l%o ' R"o" < 3.9Vo). Tetrahedral Si and Al cation disorder was found for each sample, with the mean tetrahedral cation-oxygen distances ranging from 1.639 A =  < 1.641 A and 1.640 A <  -< I.646 A. As phengitic substitution increases, the octahedral sheet expands and requires a less distorted (more hexagonal) tetrahedral ring (7.7O'< ct < 11.38') and low comrgation of the basal O plane (0.1796 A < Az 0.2296 A). The electron density at the M2 site is greater than that required for the ideal muscovite-zM, structure, and a small excess of electron density is found in the Ml site. The inner sixfold coordination of the interlayer (A) cation is elongated along c*, which is consistent with the high ct values and the lone A-O11 bond leneth.


Objective: To evaluate the effect of the application of surgical templates combined with CT scanning in dental implants. Methods: A transparent and plastic template was made, and a hole located in the position of implantation was drilled in the template. Then we filled the hole with radio-opaque gutta , and put the template in a patient's mouth. A scanning of spiral computed tomography was applied to examine the jaws.The data of CT scanning was processed by multiplanar reconstruction software to show the location and direction of dental implants. Results:86 fixtures of 40 patients who were treated with this method received satisfied results.Conclusion: The surgical templates combined with the CT scanning can exactly guide the direction of drilling hole at operation ,and improve the successful rate of dental implantation.


This paper presents an analysis of a LiNbO/sub 3/ electro-optic modulator using the finite difference time domain (FDTD) technique, and also a new and efficient multiresolution time-domain technique for fast and accurate modeling of photonic devices. The electromagnetic fields computed by FDTD are coupled to standard electro-optic relations that characterize electo-optic interactions. This novel approach to LiNbO/sub 3/ electro-optic modulators using a coupled FDTD technique allows for previously unattainable investigations into device operating bandwidth and data transmission speed. On the other hand, the proposed multiresolution approach presented in this paper solves Maxwell's equations on nonuniform self-adaptive grids, obtained by applying wavelet transforms followed by hard thresholding. The developed technique is employed to simulate a coplanar waveguide CPW, which represents an electro-optic modulator. Different numerical examples are presented showing more than 75% CPU-time reduction, while maintaining the same degree of accuracy of standard FDTD techniques.


Solutions for the magnitude and rate of settlement of rigid foundations supported by soil reinforced with granular piles are presented. An analytic solution using the theory of elasticity is developed for the settlement of the foundation and expressions for evaluating the moment and shear distributions across the foundation are given. A solution for the increase of the rate of settlement due to the presence of the granular piles has been found by a numerical solution of Biot's equations of consolidation.


This text provides a guide to gardens in Japan and reveals their history and cultural contexts. It covers over 120 gardens with a brief description, a photograph and directions provided for each entry. Notes on personal experiences and travel in different seasons are also included. The book shows a wide geographical spread of gardens throughout Japan for visitors and armchair travellers.


The purpose of this paper is to explore how mediation activities in Sweden is made by a Swedish authority. It's about how the participants mention mediation, and how the need for changes that are around mediation as a tool in crime prevention works. My two questions is about how actors view mediation and what it takes for mediation to work between all levels within the various authorities. Through the work I have used the concept of restorative justice and demonstrated how it differs from the retributive justice. Restorative justice is about how to repair an injury, which is one of mediation purposes and where the perpetrator and victim are given the opportunity to meet in mediation. The retributive justice involves the offender and the victim meeting in the courtroom.I have used the Social Board report "Mediation in crime for young offenders". It is about how local government works with mediation, but is also an analysis of the need to support mediation activities. The report highlights the problem areas and the way to success.The method I used is Michel Foucault's discourse analysis. The result of the analysis is about the discourses I find in the report .What I would like to show is that mediation is portrayed as both an opportunity and a problem. I find a comprehensive need of discourse, a discourse of knowledge and an administrative discourse .Then I also present an economic discourse that is not as clear as the other discoursers, and obligations and rights within discourses.


Experiences with injecting geothermal fluids have identified technical problems associated with geothermal waste disposal. This report assesses the feasibility of injection as an alternative for geothermal wastewater disposal and analyzes hydrologic controls governing the upward migration of injected fluids. Injection experiences at several geothermal developments are presented, including: Raft River, Salton Sea, East Mesa, Otake and Hatchobaru in Japan, and Ahuachapan in El Salvador. Hydrogeologic and design/operational factors affecting the success of an injection program are identified. Hydrogeologic factors include subsidence, near-surface effects of injected fluids, and seismicity. Design/operational factors include hydrodynamic breakthrough, condition of the injection system and reservoir maintenance. Existing and potential effects of production/injection on these factors are assessed.


The invention discloses a bittern and a method for infusing vinegar peanut. Each 1000g of the bittern comprises the following components: 200-350g of black rice vinegar, 2-5g of citric acid, 0.5-1.5g of sodium citrate, 6-10g of malic acid, 50-200g of white granulated sugar, 0-0.5g of perfume extracts, 10-60g of an apple juice, 5-30g of salt, and the balance purified water. The method for infusingthe vinegar peanut with the bittern is characterized in that: stewing with the bittern, infusion and drying are carried out to obtain the vinegar peanut. The bittern of the invention allows the delicious taste, the abundant nutrition, the storage suitableness, and the carrying convenience of the vinegar peanut to be realized, and the vinegar peanut to be treated as an ideal digestible table food or a healthy and nutritive pot food.


The aphidiine beaconed Trioxide pallideas (Holiday) was imported from Europe to California in 1959 and was successfully established on the walnut aphid, Chromaphis juglandicola (Kaltenbach) soon thereafter. The parasite has spread most rapidly in coastal San Diego County and is now distributed over approximately 1,000 square miles in that area. Strong foci also occur in Orange, Santa Barbara, and Ventura Counties.

During 1961, study plots were established at three San Diego County localities, Rancho Santa Fe, Escondido, and Pauma Valley. Trends in parasitization of C. juglandicola were followed through most of the walnut-growing season. Parasitization was extremely heavy at Rancho Santa Fe and Escondido in late spring. Parasite activity remained intensive throughout the year at Rancho Santa Fe but slackened perceptibly in the summer at Escondido and Pauma Valley. This reflects, perhaps, adverse effects of more rigorous climatic conditions at these two stations. There was It general uptrend in parasitization at Escondido and Pauma Valley in the fall. Under favorable conditions T. pallidus appears to be an extremely effective parasite. It is fully synchronized with its host both spatially and temporally. Diapause is a key factor in this synchronization. Both aestival and hibernal diapause occur, assuring survival and presence of the wasp through periods of host absence or scarcity, and through climatic adversity.


Township enterprise, which is based on the development of agriculture, is restricted by the agricultural developmentand in turn reacts on it. The sustainable development of agriculture is on the basic of the sustainable utilization of natural resources and effective maintenance of sound ecological environment. It needs the sustainable development of economy as essentialprerequisite and aims at striving for the social improvement. The accomplishment of the strategy for agricultural sustainable devel-opment objectively requires well coordinate development between township enterprises and agriculture, that is, requires a rationalrealignment of labor, the improvement of management and administration system, the share of benefits among stockholders, andthe maintenance of sound ecological environment.


The development of Machine-to-Machine communications systems has been increasing recently, especially considering that they have a wide range of applications in smart cities and the Internet of Things (IoT). However, with the massive number of connected devices in such applications, the problem of message collision becomes a vital factor that significantly affects the reliability of the M2M systems. The research project employs the Weightless-N type M2M communications technology as a case study to focus on the collision problem and to develop an improved scheduling process to mitigate this problem. The Weightless-N utilises a special technique to send multi-copies of the message on different frequencies, which increases the probability of receiving the message correctly. A better performance has been achieved by developing a new frequency selection process, which provides a lower number of collisions than the standard technique for the same number of message copies.


This paper presents a 2.5 Gb/s burst-mode optical receiver with quick response in a 0.18 mum CMOS process. A dual-mode transimpedance amplifier is used to achieve a dynamic range of 19 dB. The internal reset signal created by the limiting amplifier is more reliable due to the increased net gain compared to prior designs. The receiver achieves 93 dBOmega total differential transimpedance gain, 1.56 GHz optical bandwidth, and fast response time of less than 10 ns. This IC dissipates 146 mW from a 1.8 V supply.


Melanoma, the deadliest form of skin cancer, is characterized by aberrant hyperactivation of the ERK mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway. Inhibitors of BRAF and MEK1/2, both members of this pathway, have shown clinical efficacy and are used in combination to treat BRAFV600E melanoma, the most common melanoma genomic subtype. However, not all BRAFV600E melanomas respond to these inhibitors, and those that do respond eventually acquire resistance. To better understand mechanisms of drug susceptibility in BRAFV600E melanoma, we performed a loss-of-function screen to identify kinases and phosphatases that modulate sensitivity to two clinical MEK1/2 inhibitors. In this screen, we identified PPP6C, the catalytic subunit of protein phosphatase 6 (PP6), as a factor promoting sensitivity to MEK1/2 inhibition. PPP6C is a potential tumor suppressor mutated in 7-12% of melanomas, and has roles in cell cycle regulation and DNA damage repair. shRNA-mediated knockdown and CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knockout of PPP6C in BRAF mutant melanoma cells both lead to hyperactivation of MEK1/2 and ERK1/2, resulting in decreased sensitivity to pathway inhibitors. This finding was confirmed in a panel of BRAFV600E melanoma cell lines. Through in vitro biochemical and cell-based studies, we have established that PP6 directly dephosphorylates MEK1/2. As with complete loss of PPP6C, cells expressing most recurrent cancer-associated PPP6C mutants similarly have hyperactive ERK signaling. Our studies support a novel negative regulatory role for PPP6C in ERK signaling that contributes to its activity as a tumor suppressor and promotes pathway inhibitor sensitivity in BRAFV600E melanoma. Citation Format: Eunice Cho, Hua Jane Lou, Benjamin E. Turk. PPP6C regulation of ERK signaling in melanoma [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research 2020; 2020 Apr 27-28 and Jun 22-24. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(16 Suppl):Abstract nr 3754.


In this paper one-dimensional chains of locally interconnected nonlinear dynamical systems are considered, focusing on how to reach a self-organised behaviour by introducing spatial disorder. In particular each sub-system in the chain is modelled by using NeuroFuzzy technique which allows us to create very complex systems employing both empirical and measured quantities. The possibility to reach spatio-temporal organisation is investigated through experiments in which uncertainty is introduced in the parameters of each local sub-system. The obtained results are very interesting, since they address the use of disorder as a suitable way to control spatio-temporal irregular behaviour in a chain of fuzzy systems.


type="main"> The labor market effects of remittances have long been examined in the empirical literature. To date, the results have been mixed: some authors observe a negative association between remittances and unemployment while others report that remittances increase unemployment. This study empirically examines the impact of remittances on unemployment using macroeconomic data for a sample of 18 Latin American and Caribbean countries. Specifically, the study tests whether there is a nonlinear relationship between the variables. Results suggest that when the remittance-to-GDP ratio is low, remittances have a positive and significant impact on unemployment. However, as they increase, remittances are negatively associated with unemployment. This suggests the possibility that estimations based on the assumption of a linear relationship between remittances and labor may mask the true relationship between the variables.


Objective: This study evaluates a cognitive—behavioral anger treatment approach to reduce anger and paranoid ideation on men (n = 32) in treatment for anger problems and compares levels of paranoid ideation with a sample of men ( n = 27) who sought mental health treatment for non-anger issues. Method: A pre- and posttest design is used to evaluate within- and between-groups differences on anger and paranoid ideation. Results: At pretest, the anger group has significantly higher scores on paranoid ideation than the non-anger group. Significant reductions in trait anger and paranoid ideation are recorded from pre- to posttreatment for the anger group. Conclusions: Cognitive—behavioral therapy for anger helps reduce anger and paranoid ideation. Limitations of the study are discussed.


Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) who develop COVID-19 are at increased risk of hospitalization, longer hospital stays, ICU admission, and death. Additionally, measures of T2DM severity (e.g., hemoglobin A1c) have been found to be predictive of severe COVID-19. The present analysis was conducted to determine whether T2DM status and severity may be predictive of COVID-19 severity outcomes amongst patients hospitalized with COVID-19 in a southwest Virginia healthcare system.

 All non-pregnant patients over the age of 18 who were hospitalized with COVID-19 on or before 6/11/2021 were included (n=2,099). T2DM status was treated as a binary variable; patients diagnosed with non-T2DM diabetes mellitus were excluded. Diabetes severity was quantified using the Diabetes Complications Severity Index (DCSI), a 13-point summary score covering 7 discrete categories of diabetes complications. We used two binary indicators of in-hospital COVID-19 severity: (1) progression to ICU admission, ventilatory assistance, and/or death; and (2) in-hospital mortality. Binary logistic regression with propensity score weighting was used to assess the relationship between diabetes status and COVID-19 severity. Multivariate logistic regression was used to assess the relationship between DCSI score and COVID-19 severity.

 Patients with T2DM had 1.51 times the odds of progressing to ICU admission, ventilatory assistance, and/or death (95% CI: 1.16, 1.96) and 1.39 times the odds of in-hospital mortality (95% CI: 1.02, 1.91) compared to non-diabetics. Amongst patients with T2DM (n=942), increasing DCSI score was associated with increased odds of in-hospital mortality; compared to patients with a DCSI score of 0, patients with a DCSI score of 1 had 3.23 times the odds (95% CI: 1.20, 8.70) and patients with a DCSI score of 5 or greater had 11.25 times the odds (95% CI: 4.46, 28.40) of dying in the hospital.

 Our results indicate that diabetes status and DCSI score were both strongly predictive of in-hospital COVID-19 severity outcomes amongst this sample. Future work will focus on how changes in vaccine coverage and strain dominance over time may have affected these relationships.

 All Authors: No reported disclosures.


― In this study, we report outbreak of viral nervous necrosis (VNN) in wild Epinephelus species, which are of an endangered fish group, in different Tunisian coastal areas in 2012. Seven fish of E. marginatus and E. costae caught at dead or moribund condition were investigated. Betanodavirus was detected in the brain and retinal tissues of all fish by RT-PCR and at high infective titers (10 6.0–8.8 TCID 50 /g) in five of seven fish. Sequence and phylogenic analyses of the viral genes revealed that the viruses belonged to RGNNV genotype and were closely related to some previously reported Mediterranean betanodavirus strains, suggesting virus exchanges among different fish populations in the Mediterranean Sea.


Objectives : The uterus plays an important role in the woman's body. In Korean Medical literature, the uterus is mentioned in various contexts...


In this paper, we investigate a priori and a posteriori error estimates of fully discrete H-Galerkin mixed finite element methods for parabolic optimal control problems. The state variables and co-state variables are approximated by the lowest order Raviart-Thomas mixed finite element and linear finite element, and the control variable is approximated by piecewise constant functions. The time discretization of the state and co-state are based on finite difference methods. First, we derive a priori error estimates for the control variable, the state variables and the adjoint state variables. Second, by use of energy approach, we derive a posteriori error estimates for optimal control problems, assuming that only the underlying mesh is static. A numerical example is presented to verify the theoretical results on a priori error estimates. AMS subject classifications: 49J20, 65N30


This paper deals with a small open economy New Keynesian
Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium (NK DSGE) model and its
ability to describe behaviour of the Slovak economy. The model
framework consists of three home subjects: households, firms
and a monetary authority. The representative household
maximizes its utility function which contains a real rigidity
in consumption in a form of a habit formation. The monopolistic
competitive firms maximize their net present value of dividends
(their profits) with respect to Calvo-type price setting. The
sticky price setting of home producers and importers represents
nominal rigidities in the model. Monetary policy is conducted
according to a Taylor-type rule. The model includes exogenous
foreign sector which is represented by Euroarea-12. Evaluation
of the model for Slovakia is based on an analysis of impulse
response functions and an assessment of estimated parameters.
We compare consistency of our results with similar studies.


Application of the new solid-state lithium surface diffusion metal ion source in the scanning tunneling microscope (STM) mode under ultrahigh vacuum conditions is reported. By applying positive voltage pulses to a Li-covered tungsten STM tip placed within tunneling range, single nanosized Li hillocks and stripe-shaped Li formations are created on the Pt(110) surface in a well-reproducible way. The transfer of Li to the sample surface occurs in a noncontact way via chemically assisted field desorption of Li from the apex of the tip. The supply of Li to the apex surface sites is provided by surface diffusion from a Li monolayer deposit on the shank of the tip. The topography and evolution of the fabricated Li nanoformations are probed in situ using the same tip in the conventional STM imaging mode.


This paper proposes a high speed and low complexity carrier recovery for 10Gb/s dual-polarization quadrature phase shift keying (DP-QPSK). The Viterbi and Viterbi (V&V) algorithm is commonly used as a typical method for phase noise recovery. The V&V algorithm performs data dependency elimination by using complex multipliers that raise the value of the M-ary PSK signal to the power of M. However, the V&V algorithm may not be suitable for extremely high-speed carrier recovery because of the complicated complex multipliers. To achieve high speed and low complexity, we propose a new algorithm which performs data dependency elimination without using the complex multipliers. As a result, the proposed algorithm has lower hardware complexity and a higher clock rate compared with the V&V algorithm.


Coupland (2001, p. 346) has suggested that sociolinguistics over-invested in 'authentic speech' and until relatively recently ignored the extent to which other styles of language can be used at varying levels to construct identity. For example, utterances can be stylized, where speakers are putting on an artifi cial voice, and analysing such language usage is increasingly common in dialect variation to examine linguistic features (Coupland has argued that performance is an aspect of stylization in Coupland, 2001 , p. 350). Such styling considers accent and dialect to be a resource for constructing identity ( Coupland, 2009b , p. 312). Schilling-Estes (1998 ) has also commented that performance speech, where speakers display for others a particular linguistic variety, has received little attention in mainstream variationist literature but can be used for display purposes (either of one's own or another language variety) and that such language use shows patterning in variation which is similar to 'normal' language usage. This chapter follows this lead, by exploring language usage in two comedy sketches which perform Glaswegian identities. It does so by examining language variation in relation to identity as well as the role of identity in the production of comedy. These fi elds connect through the concept of performance and show how certain identities are performed and portrayed on the small screen. By examining performance register, we can gain an insight into speaker production and perception of dialectal varieties. We may also gain an understanding of the features speakers are most aware of as we see which features are performed. We know that speakers are more aware of specifi c forms, which are overtly stigmatised ( Trudgill, 1986 , p. 11), as well as forms that are radically different from standard varieties. This has effects on processes such as linguistic accommodation, but also on aspects of performance or imitation. It means that linguists can look at the performance of culturally familiar styles to examine language usage. The fact that different 15


Global warming is now a very serious threat in both environmental and in economic terms. In October 2006, the Stern report [1] warned that global warming will cost the world up to £3.7 trillion unless tackled within a decade. This review, commissioned by the United Kingdom Chancellor of the Exchequer, marked a crucial point in the debate by underlining how failure to act would trigger a catastrophic global recession. Unchecked, climate change would turn 200 million people into refugees, the largest migration in modern history, as their homes succumbed to drought or flood. Also in October 2006, the UK Foreign Secretary, Margaret Beckett, had stated that the scale and urgency of global warming was worse than originally feared. She remarked that the British Antarctic Survey and the United States National Snow and Ice Data Center in September 2006 had both reported polar ice to be breaking up faster than glaciologists had thought possible. In October 2006 the foremost authority on climate impacts in the UK, the Meterological Office Hadley Centre, had presented new and worrying data on the likely extent of climate-induced desertification and extreme drought conditions. NASA scientists had warned that with another decade without a reduction in emissions, it will probably be impossible to avoid catastrophic effects from climate change [2]. It is clear that tackling climate change is an imperative, not a choice: it is a problem for today, not tomorrow. Some businessmen and politicians, including UK Prime Minister, Tony Blair, and US President George W Bush, have proposed that nuclear power is an answer to global warming. On the other hand, many others have viewed the suggestion of increased reliance on nuclear power, with its problems of nuclear waste, weapons proliferation, radioactive discharges, huge costs and Chernobyl-style nuclear accidents, with alarm. So, does nuclear power provide a solution Medicine, Conflict and Survival July – September 2007; 23(3): 228 – 233


Pneumothorax has previously been reported to increase defibriliation thresholds and lead impedance in monophasic systems. This article demonstrates a case using an active can system in which the lead impedance between the right ventricular defibriliation coil and the device improved from 70 il with pneumothorax to 48 Ω after resolution. The defibriliation threshold also improved from > 30 fto ≤ 10 J after the pneumothorax had resolved. We conclude that acute pneumothorax can increase the transthoracic lead impedance and defibriliation thresholds: however, with resolution both parameters can return to acceptable levels with an active can system.


Miao medicine Reineckia Carnea mainly contains steroidal saponins, diosgenin and other chemical ingredients. With Yin lungs, cooling hemostatic efficacy for Dryness cough, Yin cough embolism. Currently, the reported measured ingredients Reineckia Carnea saponins, heavy metals, and herbs fingerprints were studied. In this paper, the chemical composition of Reineckia Carnea, pharmacological effects and the determination of the content of herbs and their preparations, research status and other aspects of fingerprints do a review.


Traffic congestion in large cities became more intense considering the last years. Basically, this growth is attributed to the wide use of a single mode of transport due to the lack of alternatives capable of efficiently supplying urban traffic demand. In this sense, in economic terms, it is estimated that billions of dollars are wasted every year due to the extra expenses with fuels and maintenance caused by traffic. In order to minimize the economic and environmental damages caused by congestion, this work presents FIRE-NRD: A fully-distributed Traffic Management System for Next Road Decision. In the proposed solution, vehicles, while moving, are able to analyze and share a study of the traffic flow and thus provide sufficient knowledge in order to resolve "the next road decision", i.e., the next road choice to decrease its travel time. FIRE-NRD is based only on local data about traffic information and totally collaborative, where neighbor vehicles share their knowledge. FIRE-NRD is compared to literature solutions and present better results considering network and traffic metrics, such as number of messages and average travel time.


The article presents an innovative concept of adaptive luminaire with variable luminous intensity distribution. It enables adjustment of photometric characteristic of luminaire to variable arrangement of the facility, including the quantitative regulation of luminous flux and spatial distribution. A solution presented in this paper was developed as part of a research project titled "Development of the Intelligent Light Distribution System SOLLS ACTIVE SKY" and is the subject of patent application. The authors present the results of simulation tests in terms of the possibility of obtaining different luminous intensity distribution and lighting parameters on the working plane, with variable position relative to the arrangement of the luminaires. The use of a luminaire with variable luminous intensity distribution as part of an adaptive lighting system allows for quick and cost-free introduction of changes in the lighting of selected functional zones inside the facility. It is possible to adjust the lighting in case of changes in the size or position of the working plane, while the position of luminaire is constant.


In this paper, the author addresses the topic of workaholism as it pertains to the characteristics of long-hour workers and conducts an analysis that focuses primarily on workaholism's relationship with state of health. The analysis was conducted in line with three elements of workaholism that were posited by Spence and Robbins (1992); namely, "work enjoyment," "driven," and "work involvement." In looking at the relationship between these three elements of workaholism and working hours, the analysis showed that people who get more enjoyment from their work, feel more inner drive toward their work, or feel a stronger sense of involvement in their work tend to work longer hours. However, the correlation coefficients in this relationship were not very high. In looking at the correlations among the three elements, the analysis found that the relationship between "driven" and "work involvement" was relatively strong and can be viewed as a negative aspect of workaholism, while their relationship with "work enjoyment," which is a positive aspect, was weak. Furthermore, a multivariate analysis of the impact of the three elements that used state of mental and physical health as an explained variable showed that "driven" has a consistently negative impact on mental and physical health.


The article outlines the results of scientific research, which is the result of the author's research project on studying the architectural heritage of the city of Orenburg from the mid-18th century to the beginning of the 19th century. The city-fortress, founded in 1743, was designed on the basis of the new principles of urban planning and architecture laid by Emperor Peter I, which causes a keen interest. To date, several architectural monuments of the city of the period, related to the style of the Petrine Baroque, are lost. Since this style is represented by a few architectural structures, their study is of particular interest in the context of the history of Russian architecture. The architectural appearance of the first major temples of the city - the Cathedral of the Transfiguration of the Lord and the Vvedensky Cathedral - is captured by artists and photographers. The search and detailed study of these iconographic materials form part of the retrospective method of reconstructing the cathedrals and constructing its orthogonal projections. Such a method may be of interest for working with historical and architectural heritage in the face of a lack of information.


This study was aimed to determine the antioxidant capacity of various fractions of crude methanol extract of Polyalthia longifolia leaves. The various fractions were obtained by successive liquidliquid partitioning of the crude methanol extract into n-hexane, chloroform and ethyl acetate. The flavonoid and phenolic contents as well as the 2, 2diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl scavenging activity and total reducing power of the crude methanol extract of Polyalthia longifolia leaves and its fractions were analyzed using standard methods. From the results obtained, ethyl acetate fraction Original Research Article Adaramola et al.; EJMP, 21(1): 1-10, 2017; Article no.EJMP.35002 2 had the highest flavonoid (571.30 mgQE/g) and phenolic (278.45 mgGAE/g) contents and the lowest IC50 values for 2, 2diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl scavenging activity (˂ 1 μg/ml) and total reducing power (0.24 μg/ml). However, the water soluble fraction showed least values for flavonoid content (7.22 mgQE/g), phenolic content (48.66 mgGAE/g) and highest IC50 values for 2, 2diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl scavenging activity (505.87 μg/ml) and total reducing power (47.99 μg/ml). The flavonoid content, phenolic content and total reducing power were in the order; ethyl acetate fraction > chloroform fraction > methanol extract > n-Hexane fraction > water soluble fraction. However, the inhibition of 2, 2diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl free radical followed the order; ethyl acetate fraction > methanol extract > chloroform fraction > n-Hexane fraction > water soluble fraction. In general, the antioxidant activity of the ethyl acetate fraction was the most outstanding when compared with the crude methanol extract and other fractions. Having established the presence of significant concentrations of pharmaceutically important phytochemicals in the fractions of the methanol extract of the leaves especially the ethyl acetate, more evidence based studies such as analysis of specific chemical composition and in-vivo pharmacological potential of each fraction is imperative in order to expound more on the medicinal usability of the various fractions of the leaves.


To measure the fission cross section of 233U as a function of neutron energy, instrumentation with fast pulse rise‐time and short resolving time characteristics is required. The efficient detection of fission‐fragment pulses in the presence of a high alpha background requires these characteristics. A fission detector with an electron collection time of 25 nsec and containing 1 g of 233U, and an amplifier with a risetime of 7 nsec and an over‐all gain of 1000 were developed for this measurement. This system, detecting the fast rising current pulse from a parallel plate ionization chamber, is an integral part of the instrumentation used by a group at ORNL engaged in the measurement of the neutron fission and capture cross sections as a function of neutron energy. With this system, the fission cross section of 233U was successfully measured over a neutron energy range from 0.4 to 2000 eV.


Synthetic aperture (SA) acquisition allows for focusing at all points in ultrasound images during reconstruction. Both delay-and-sum (DAS) and delay-multiply-and-sum (DMAS) have been used to reconstruct SA images. An integral part of both algorithms is the aperture size used to define the beam shape with the f-number. Although f-number variation has been studied in DAS reconstruction, there has not been a systematic study on this topic for DMAS reconstruction in SA imaging. In this work, we evaluated the effects of f-number in DMAS reconstruction using an imaging phantom (CIRS 040GSE). We reconstructed DAS and DMAS images of hyperechoic, hypoechoic, and anechoic contrast targets, as well as point targets, while varying the transmit and receive f-numbers between 0 and 7 in 0.2 increments. Generalized contrast-to-noise ratio (gCNR) was measured for contrast targets. The full width at half maximum (FWHM) was evaluated using point targets. When imaging contrast targets, the DAS and DMAS algorithms responded very differently when varying the f-numbers. DMAS produced higher gCNR values with low transmit f-numbers and high receive f-numbers, while DAS produced higher gCNR values with high transmit and receive f-numbers. When evaluating FWHM, the optimal receive f-number was close to 1 for both algorithms.


PURPOSE: A method for manufacturing crystalline titanium dioxide powder is provided to control the size and shape of particles using a hydrothermal synthesis method and to manufacture titanium dioxide primary particles having excellent crystalline and the titanium dioxide powder having superior properties. CONSTITUTION: A method for manufacturing crystalline titanium dioxide powder comprises the following steps: manufacturing a titanyl chloride(TiOCl_2) solution by adding titanium tetrachloride(TiCl_4) to water having a temperature of 0-10 °C; manufacturing a mixture by adding alcohol, urea, and a spheronizing agent to the titanyl chloride solution; and reacting the mixture using a hydrothermal synthesis method at 1.5-5 pressure(atm) and 80-155 °C for 4-7 hours. The titanyl chloride solution has a concentration of titanium ion of 0.4-0.8 M.


In order to solve the problem of long model loading time in the process of web publishing for complex mechanical product, a progressive loading technology for 3D model web publishing is proposed. Firstly, the different application modes of 3D model are distinguished; then, the classified mesh data of 3D model is constructed according to the application mode. Finally, the publishing of 3D model is realized on the web side. The verification in the developed prototype software shows that the web publishing of the 3D model is progressively loaded.


This paper describes the spectrum and the upper and lower Fredholm spectra of (n + m)-tuples (F(Al),.. ., F(An), G(Bi),... , G(Bm)) of operators, where (Ai) and (Bj) are systems of operators in two Hilbert spaces Mli and 12, and F and G are certain linear operators defined on L(Mi). Using spectral mapping theorems the spectra of operators constructed by the action of a polynomial on a system (F(Ai),... , F(An ), G(Bi),... , G(Bm)) is obtained. In particular, the spectra of the elementary operator and tensor products of operators is determined.


We measured the steady‐state friction coefficient of granite over a wide range of sliding velocities and pressures. We observed considerable weakening, described well by a flash‐heating theory, above the sliding velocity of 1 cm/s regardless of pressure. At higher velocities, the velocity strengthening behavior replaced the velocity weakening behavior. This strengthening at higher velocities agrees with data from numerical simulations on sheared granular matter and is therefore described in terms of energy dissipation due to the inelastic deformation of grains. We propose a unified steady‐state friction law that well describes the velocity and pressure dependence of the steady‐state friction coefficient.


Abstract : Conditions under which single server queues with feedback are equivalent to single server queues without feedback for the queue length, busy period and departure process are known. This paper presents some properties of those queues for which these conditions are not met. Foreground-background computer models are in this class and those with Poisson arrival processes serve as illustrations of the general results.


Distributed User Interfaces (DUIs) have recently become a new field of research and development in Human- Computer Interaction (HCI). The DUIs have brought about drastic changes affecting the way interactive systems are conceived. DUIs have gone beyond the fact that user interfaces are controlled by a single end user on the same computing platform in the same environment. This new interaction mechanism affects the way these novel systems are designed and developed. New features need to be taken into account from the very beginning of the development process and new models, methods, and tools need to be considered for the correct development of interactive systems based on Distributed User Interfaces. Therefore, the goal of this workshop is to promote the discussion about the emerging topic of DUIs, answering a set of key questions regarding their development: How current UI models can be used or extended to cover the new features of DUIs? What new features should be considered and how should they be included within the development process? What new methods and methodologies do we need to develop DUIs in a correct way following the quality standards for interactive systems?


Three experiments utilizing 46 pigs were conducted to study the possible relationship of blood enzymes, as influenced by stress, to postmortem porcine muscle glycolysis. Animals were stressed 40 min. antemortem by transportation, physical handling and restraint for 15 minutes. Postmortem decline in pH and protein solubility and color-structure were determined on longissirnus muscle. Pigs from Experiment 1 (19 Poland China) exhibited more rapid pH decline than those from Experiments 2 (11 Hamp x York) and 3 (16 heterogeneous). Significant correlation coefficients were noted between enzyme activity and muscle properties in all experiments. Correlations were much higher, however, in Experiments 2 and 3 as both blood enzyme activities and muscle properties were more variable. In Experiment 2, the activities of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), aldolase (ALD) and creatine kinase (CPK) were correlated with muscle pH at death (r = .83, P < .01; r = .78, P < .01 ; r = .63, P < .05) and 1 hr. (r = .72, P < .01; r = .86, P < .01, r = .57, P < . 0 5 ) postmortem. LDH, ALD and CPK were correlated with decrease in sarcoplasmic and myofibrillar protein solubility (between 0 and 24 hr postmortem) as folrows: 0.59, P < . 0 5 ; 0.56, P < . 0 5 ; 0.39, P < 0 . 5 and 0.80, P < .01; 0.76, P < .01; 0.64, P < .05. In Experiment 3, LDH and CPK were correlated with 45 min. pH (r = .96 and r = .95, P < . 0 1 ) and significantly related to muscle protein solubility parameters (P < .01 and P < .05). The response to thermal stress (43 C for 10 min.) in terms of blood enzyme activity was highly repeatable in pigs from Experiment 3.


The industry needs to enable field operators to make informed decisions about remedial actions to take when an FBE-coated pipeline is excavated and blisters are found. The objectives of this study were to determine the corrosion rate of steel beneath blistered but holiday-free FBE coatings in order to determine the effectiveness of cathodic protection through these coatings, and to evaluate the effect of increased levels of cathodic protection on the rate of degradation of these coatings.


We show how LCF-style interactive theorem provers might use BDD engines and SAT solvers to perform normalization, simplification of terms and theorems, and assist with interactive proof. The treatment builds on recent work integrating SAT solvers as non-trusted decision procedures for LCF-style theorem provers. We limit ourselves to propositional logic, but briefly note that the results may be lifted to more expressive logics.


The invention relates to a preparation method of a flexible electrode material applied in an organic polymer electroluminescent device (PLED). The preparation method comprises the following steps of: preparation of graphene oxide, after-treatment of the graphene oxide, aniline modification of the graphene oxide, synthesis of polyaniline and after-treatment of polyaniline/graphene oxide composite material. Compared with the prior art, the preparation method has the following advantages that the preparation process is simple and the cost is low; the conductivity of a film is high; and the prepared polymer has good dissolubility and the film forming is convenient. Compared with the original method, the preparation method has the advantages that chemical bond combination is adopted between the graphene oxide and the polyaniline instead of simple mixing, and phase separation can not occur; simultaneously, the large specific surface area of the graphene oxide has certain absorption action for the polyaniline, thus leading the polyaniline to take on a more-ordered aggregative state and being beneficial to improving the conductivity of the composite material; and due to addition of the doping action of dodecyl benzene sulfonic acid (DBSA), the conductivity of the flexible electrode material can be further improved. In addition, the flexible electrode material prepared by the preparation method has the advantages of low cost, high stability, high conductivity, high transmissivity and good compatibility with a luminescent layer material and the like.


Detection of recurrent and metastatic thyroid cancer remains a considerable challenge in patients presenting with rising thyroglobulin levels but with negative I-131 whole body scintigraphy. Such is the case in this patient with follicular thyroid cancer in whom subsequent FDG PET scanning showed a solitary hypermetabolic cervical lesion. With definitive management and multidisciplinary approach in mind, radioguided surgical excision came into play through the use of Tc-99m sestamibi, leading to successful removal of the lesion. Histopathology, however, revealed a parathyroid adenoma. This highlights the importance of considering differential diagnoses in apparent cases of recurrence to avoid potential pitfalls.


Preferential flow is a common phenomenon in oil and gas seepage process of reservoir porous medium.It is a trend mark of seepage process in porous medium which has been transformed from homogeneous to heterogeneous,from balanced to unbalanced.Recently,preferential flow in oil and gas seepage process has hardly been definated,and very few studies have been made about it in this field.Combined with related research results both at home and abroad,the defination of preferential flow in seepage process of reservoir porous medium has been proposed,and the types of preferential flow and phenomenon representation,present study methods,existing problems and orintation of further research has also been discussed,all of which have provided theoretical basis for accuate description of oil and gas seepage process.


"Somebody says, 'You know, you people always say that space is continuous. How do you know when you get to a small enough dimension that there really are enough points in between, that it isn't just a lot of dots separated by little distances?' Or they say, 'You know those quantum mechanical amplitudes you told me about, they're so complicated and absurd, what makes you think those are right? Maybe they aren't right.' Such remarks are obvious and are perfectly clear to anybody who is working on this problem. It does not do any good to point this out." —Richard Feynman [1, p.161]


In this paper we determine and classify all compact flat manifolds with holonomy group isomorphic to Z2 © Z2 and first Betti number zero. MIRAMARE TRIESTE May 1997


The visible and near infrared continuum spectrum produced by the NO + O → NO2 + hv chemiluminescent reaction has been detected in the upper mesospheric dark polar regions by OSIRIS on the Odin spacecraft. Averaged observed NO2 emission spectral shapes are obtained by spectrally resolving the NO + O continuum from the blended strong upper mesospheric OH vibration–rotation airglow bands. The observed continuum spectral shape when compared with laboratory measurements is shifted to lower wavelengths by approximately 20 nm in the steeply sloped 400 to 500 nm region. The observed laboratory continuum spectral shape for upper mesospheric ambient pressure is presented for reference over the 400 to 800 nm region. An example of an NO2 continuum volume emission-rate altitude profile derived from a single OSIRIS limb scan is also included. Limb radiances up to 3 × 109 photons cm–2 nm–1 s–1 are observed at the peak of the NO2 continuum corresponding to total volume emission rates of approximately 2 × 104 photons cm–3...


An Isolated ZVS/ZCS bidirectional DC‐DC converter for DC Uninterruptable Power supplies is presented in this paper. The conventional way to avoid a computer shutdown during the mains failure is to connect an ac uninterruptible power supply (UPS). Alternatively, in this paper, a simple and high efficiency dc UPS is presented by an isolated bidirectional soft‐switching dc‐dc converter. The bidirectional dc‐dc converter operates under zero‐current switching (ZCS) /Zero voltage switching conditions by utilizing the leakage inductor of the transformer. ZVS/ZCS operation is achieved in battery‐backup and charging modes, which significantly reduces the power losses in the bidirectional converter. The principle of operation is analyzed and simulated by using MATLAB simulink.


This paper presents a novel zero voltage and zero current switching (ZVZCS) three-Level (TL) DC/DC power converter. This converter overcomes the drawbacks presented by the conventional zero voltage switching (ZVS) three-level converter, such as high circulating energy, severe parasitic ringing on the rectifier diodes, and limited ZVS load range for the inner switches. The converter presented in this paper uses a phase shift control with a flying capacitor in the primary side to achieve ZVS for the outer switches. Additionally, the converter uses an auxiliary circuit to reset the primary current during the freewheeling stage to achieve ZCS for the inner switches. The principle of operation and the DC characteristics of the new converter are analyzed and verified on a 6kW, 100 kHz experimental prototype.


— Internet of Things (IoT) has become very popular in the field of communication. IoT will become a reality over the next few years, with rapid and widespread smart devices will be able to execute independently according to the change in their surroundings. The use IoT techniques to identify and channelize the irrigation methods are discussed in this work. In order to develop an automated technique to analyze the water required by the plants at a particular time, a database is created. The database contains training samples related to the soil type, moisture content, temperature, plant leaf condition and the humidity level and the amount of water flow required for subsequent set of features. Different type of soils and plants differ in water content required. The database is build using the features extracted from the images of the soil and the plants. The color of the plants and the soil images can be retrieved using Fisher's linear discriminant analysis (LDA), The Fisher's LDA approach is used to project the plant and soil RGB images into the database to retrieve the color indicating the moisture level. The RGB images are needed to be analyzed accurately to determine the water requirement. However, color processing has great advantages for its simplicity, robustness, power and efficiency. The graph cut based segmentation can be implemented to segment the regions accurately and using this technique the water content in the leaf and the soil covering the plants can be differentiated. The processing of the images should be performed by differentiating the plant and soil segments. A novel classification algorithm called transductive support vector machine (TSVM) is used for classification and quantification. Thus, the required irrigation level of the plants can be determined and the process could be carried out in an efficient manner.


Orbital defects have a profound impact on orbital function and symmetry of the face and are difficult to reconstruct given the complexity of this area. The paramedian forehead flap (PMFF) has not been well studied in reconstruction of orbital defects.


Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is a highly complex procedure that is becoming an alternative to some potentially serious diseases that trigger a series of conditions. The purpose of this study is to examine what the patient experiences during the transplant process, specifically while awaiting care in the waiting room. Using the narrative as a method of research, we work with the concept of unconscious, whose reference is the psychoanalytic theory. Results found refer to two axial points: the subject's immixing, i.e., how the issue of identity passes through the otherness; and the expectation of answers in a clinic where organic changes can be very threatening in their evolution. The path traversed gives rise to questions on the role of the word in hospital institutions and concludes with the proposal that we expand our view on those of whom we care.


This research investigates the impact of Radio Frequency Identification Technology (RFID) on supply chain performance within the Australian retail sector. This study examines how the factors associated with RFID influence adoption intentions, taking into


Abstract Polymer nanocomposites are of interest as they exhibit extraordinary properties compared with the base polymer. The second phase dispersed in the polymer matrix can be carbon nanotubes, semi-conducting inorganic nanoparticles or layer silicates such as clay. Crystallisation in these materials is also of great interest. Polymers exhibit structures at various scales (e.g. lamella, unit cell and spherulites) and the presence of a second phase has a profound effect on crystallisation. General trends observed include acceleration/retardation of crystallisation, changes in spherulite morphology and, in a few cases, changes in the crystal structure. All these observations relate to the presence of a micrometre scale second phase. However, when the dimensions of the second phase are close to the chain dimensions, the effects on crystallisation become particularly interesting. An attempt is made in the present review to address the effect of a nanoscale second phase on aspects such as isothermal and non-isothermal crystallisation, spherulite growth, phase transformation and polymorphism.


Background/Objectives: This paper proposes the alternative possibilities that the flared-shape rotor structure of IPM BLDC motor has the similar high performances as the basic IPM BLDC motor that has the spoke structure with ferrite magnet. Methods/Statistical analysis: The proposed rotor structure has the structural feature of ferrite magnets which has inserted as the flared shape in the rotor core. Through the finite element analysis, the performances of the proposed flared-shape IPM BLDC motor has compared with the basic spoke type IPM BLDC motor. Findings: This paper show the comparison with the analysis results of 2D FEM and it has shown that the proposed IPM motor has a substitute for the spoke type IPM motor which requires low cost and high output power. Especially the proposed flared IPM motor has a low pulsation of torque than the basic type IPM motor. So the proposed flared IPM motor has the advantage for acoustic noise and vibration the spoke type IPM motor. Improvements/Applications: The proposed flared-shape IPM BLDC motor is suitable for as electric vehicle and home appliances motor.


Life quality is an important indicator of sustainable development. Farmers' quality of life strongly affects the farm's viability. The main goal of this study was to identify the relationships between three main components of farmers' quality of life: economic situation, living conditions, and mental comfort. In the first phase of the study, the theoretical model representing potential relationships between quality of life components was constructed, and in the second phase the relationships were verified with the use of the structural equation modelling method. The sample consisted of 600 farmers participating in the Polish Farm Accountancy Data Framework (FADN). In the analyses, data from the FADN database and data obtained during supplementary interviews with farmers were used. The analyses revealed that living conditions are significantly and positively correlated with the economic situation and mental comfort, while mental comfort turned out to be negatively correlated with the economic situation. It was concluded that future agricultural and rural development policies should be more focused on the social dimension of sustainable development than before, particularly considering the fact that a farmer's higher engagement in the improvement of their family's economic condition might result in lowering their mental comfort due to the stress and work overload.


Objective Prevention of hearing impairment is important because it is difficult to recover from it. Epidemiological studies have examined the risk factors for hearing impairment; however, the association between dipstick proteinuria and hearing impairment has not been previously examined. This study aimed to clarify the association between dipstick proteinuria and hearing impairment. Design Cross-sectional study. Setting Office and factory workers from all over Japan. Participants The total number of subjects was 7005. All were employees of the same company. Of these, we recruited 6192 subjects who underwent dipstick urine test and hearing test by audiometry in annual health check-ups (mean age 44.9 years, men 88.3%). Primary outcomes Hearing tests were performed at two frequencies (1 kHz, 4 kHz) as prescribed by law in Japan. We defined the inability of subjects to respond to 30 dB at 1 kHz and/or 40 dB at 4 kHz as overall moderate hearing impairment. In addition, we defined moderate hearing impairment at 1 kHz (4 kHz) as an abnormal finding at 1 kHz (4 kHz). We examined the associations between degree of dipstick proteinuria and hearing impairment after adjustment for age, sex, body mass index, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, serum creatinine level and history of noisy work environment. Results Overall moderate hearing impairment was noted in 324 subjects (5.2%). Of these, 107 subjects (1.7%) had moderate hearing impairment at 1 kHz and 278 subjects (4.5%) at 4 kHz. Dipstick proteinuria was significantly associated with overall moderate hearing impairment, as well as moderate hearing impairment at both 1 kHz and 4 kHz. The prevalence of overall moderate hearing impairment among subjects with proteinuria ≥2+ was 23.5%, while that among subjects without proteinuria was 5.2% (p<0.01). Conclusions Dipstick proteinuria was associated with moderate hearing impairment in Japanese workers.


Innovation of an economy refers to the ability of a national economy to create and use knowledge in the production of new products, services and processes. In the economy of knowledge, innovation represents a key determinant of the competition of a country at the world market. Metrics Global Innovation Index is valuable for countries such as Serbia because it is a good indicator of its speed and direction of movement in relation to the proclaimed goals of economic development policy. This paper analyzes the business sophistication, as one of the five determinants of innovativeness of countries measured by the methodology of the Global Innovation Index, Serbia and neighboring countries.


An experimental study on the energy conversion process of a continuous wave (CW) laser thruster is presented. The effect of the flow parameters on two dominant loss mechanisms of a CW laser thruster was investigated by using a CW CO2 laser with output power of 700W. The laser transmission and radiation from the laser sustained-plasma (LSP) were measured for several flow velocities and pressures, which were independently controlled. CCD camera was employed in order to observe the shape and position of the LSPs. We found that the energy conversion process is optimized when the LSP is in the vicinity of the focal point of the condensing laser beam.


This study aims to find the types of idiomatic expression and elaborate the meaning of idiomatic expression used in Jason Mraz's song in the album 'Know' and its possibility to be used in ELT. Each song generally has idiomatic expression delivered to the listeners. This study focused to analyze phrases of idiom in Jason Mraz's song lyrics. This study used theory of Makkai about Idiom Structure in English and applied descriptive qualitative method which concern in understanding the result of the data found. The data acquired from 10 songs in the album 'Know' in 2018. After analyzing, this study found 39 of idiomatic expressions, but only found 3 types of idiomatic expressions in the album such as Phrasal Verb Idiom, Tournure Idiom, and Irreversible Binomial Idiom from 6 types of idiom. Nine phrasal verb idiom, twenty three tournure idiom, and seven irreversible binomial idiom. Tournure Idiom is the majority used in the song lyrics of Jason Mraz 'Know'. The researcher found the meaning of song lyrics generally describe about love. The existence of idiomatic expression is used to beautify and to clarify the contextual meaning of the song lyrics. Keywords: idiomatic expression; songs; lyric; english language teaching.


On a housing part (FP, FBG) lockable connection apparatus (AV) for the connection of at least one at least one plug-in device (SV) having connection line (LWL) to at least one in the connecting device (AV) can be arranged mating plug-in device (GSV), said the connecting device (AV) has a folding device (KM) which is designed in such manner that at least a part of the connection device (AV) in the locked state of the housing part (FP, FBG) is folded away, characterized, that the at least one part of the connection device (AV) is designed in the form of a void hood, wherein the at least one mating plug device (GSV) is locatable in the cavity.


. Two cases of thyrotoxicosis associated with acute idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura and haemolytic anaemia are reported. The underlying cause of the hyperthyroidism was lymphoid thyroiditis and the severe thrombocytopenia was due to an extremely short platelet survival as determined with the 51Cr-labelling technique. The amount of megakaryocytes was increased in bone marrow sections, indicating increased platelet production. Treatment with high doses of corticosteroids did not increase the platelet count, which remained at critical levels below 10times109/1, and there were still signs of increasd bleeding tendency. Splenectomy was therefore considered at an early stage after diagnosis and was performed when the thyrotoxicosis had been brought under control with corticosteroids and β-blocking agents. A method which has proven useful in minimizing bleeding during surgery in patients with low platelet counts is described. This method takes advantage both of the fact that normally 30% (in cases with splenomegaly even more) of the total body platelets are harboured in the spleen and can be expelled with i.v. epinephrine, and of the good haemostatic effect of small amounts of platelet concentrates given at appropriate times during the operation. It is proposed that splenectomy should be performed early if large doses of corticosteroids do not raise the platelet count above critical levels or if the bleeding continues. Partial control of the thyrotoxic state should be obtained with β-blocking agents and corticosteroids and measures should be undertaken to minimize the bleeding risks during surgery. Underlying immunologic mechanisms responsible for the development of this disease combination are discussed. It is suggested that despite the great array of antibodies present, the basic abnormality is confined to immunocompetent T lymphocytes.


The prevalence rates of speech and language disorders and ADD in 116 children referred for psychiatric services were determined at the Ontario Association of Children's Mental Health Centres and the Dept of Psychiatry, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada.


Virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR) are expected by many to become the next wave of computing with significant impacts on our daily lives. Motivated by this, we organized a workshop on "Multimodal Virtual and Augmented Reality (MVAR)" at the 18th ACM International Conference on Multimodal Interaction (ICMI 2016). While current VR and AR installations mostly focus on the visual domain, we expect multimodality to play a crucial role in future, next generation VR/AR systems. The submissions for this workshop reflect the potential of multimodality for VR and AR, illustrate interesting new directions, and pinpoint important issues. This paper gives a short motivation for the workshop and its aim, and summarizes the aforementioned trends and challenges identified from the submissions.


We examine the time it takes to reach a verdict (deliberation time) using a unique dataset on the deliberation times of actual juries in criminal and civil cases. Duration model results indicate that case complexity, the unanimity of verdicts and the process of voir dire affect deliberation times, whereas jury size, prior juror experience and the gender composition of juries are not significant correlates. The results shed empirical light on an important correlate of trial accuracy using real-world data, in contrast to previous research that employed mock jury data.


Fe-polymetallic (Cu-Pb-Zn-Ag-Au) in Moerge region, Asa Township, Yanyuan, Sichuan are controlled by stratigraphic horizons and structures. Researches on geological setting, ore bearing formation, ore control structures, mineralization, orebodies, mineral association and prospecting criteria indicate that this region has good geological conditions and prospecting potential for the mineralization.


This research studied of dyeing of reactive dyes on cotton fabrics modified with diallydimethylammoniumchloride (DADMAC) .The object was to modify cotton fabrics with DADMAC and dyeing modified cotton with reactive dyes. In addition, the factors effecting of colour strength on cotton fabrics were studied. The cotton fabrics was modifiedwith DADMAC at room temperature by using potassium persulfate and N,N- methylenebisacrylamide as initiator and N,N,N,N - tetramethylenediamine (TEMEDA) as accelerator. The result showed that the weight of cotton fabrics
Increased with increasing of DADMAC concentration. The colour strength of modified cotton was higher than unmodified one. Also, the colour strength of modified cotton fabrics depened on DADMAC concentration, reactiontime between DADMAC and cotton fabrics and % shade of reactive dyes.


While the role of culture in addressing health care disparities in general and, cancer health disparities specifically is increasingly recognized, a systemic approach aimed at bolstering the cultural competence of our nation's health care workforce is absent. Among the health outcomes, the impact of this gap is most pronounced in cancer. Ample scientific evidence exists affirming that eliminating cancer health disparities requires a multi-sectorial approach. The lack of cultural competence among frontline providers physicians, nurses, pharmacists, health educators – is only compounded by the cancer workforce crisis, a national threat to assuring quality cancer care to a growing vulnerable and increasingly culturally diverse global population. Traditional solutions to the health care workforce crisis in general and that of the cancer workforce specifically have largely failed because of a silorather than a systems approach, focusing on one specific segment of the workforce or one specific aspect of cancer care. Furthermore, much of those efforts were limited to addressing the quantitative aspect of the problem – increase the number of cancer care professionals, ignoring the equally important qualitative componentassuring a health care workforce, competent in providing cancer care across the cancer spectrum to culturally diverse populations. (C-Change 2008; Lichtveld 2009)


The presented work reviews the methodology for calculating stationary radiation protection used in the Republic of Belarus. The calculation of stationary radiation protection from direct and scattered photon radiation, as well as, if necessary, from direct and scattered neutron radiation is described. The methodology is written in accordance with the Sanitary Rules and Regulations 2.6.12-34-2006.


In a demolition blasting engineering, partial pretreatment which meets the requirments of technique and safety is required for the buildings (structures). Influenced by many factors, the pretreatment safe accident easily takes place, here, a demolition blasting pretreatment at implementation stage and the measures of detailed safety management are put forward.


This study describes the strengthening of social capital in the empowerment of rural farming communities in Padaherang District, Pangandaran Regency. This is because the life of the farmers community is increasingly questioning, such as the lack of interest in becoming a farmer, the high number of poor farmers, increasing low education, and increasing access to training and assistance, leaving farmers powerless and without independence. This study aims to obtain a picture of strengthening social capital in empowering rural farming communities in Padaherang Subdistrict, Pangandaran Regency. The research method used in this research is the case study method by obtaining qualitative. The results of the study can be known about the five-group program formed, namely the Kelompok Tani Sejahtera (KTS), Kelompok Wanita Tani (KWT), Pelatihan Anak Tani Remaja (PATRA), Pengembangan Usaha Agribisnis Perdesaan (PUAP), and Gapoktan (Gabungan Kelompok Tani). These programs are the result of the formation of self-supporting farmer communities on the basis of a fate and challenges to the problems experienced by village farmers. Farmers feel the quality improvement goes up to a better direction. Farmers are more interested in increasing their knowledge, skills and expertise in agriculture. Farmers are guided to have more independence, ability to solve problems, be able to think, and fit in accordance with their experiences found in the program activities. Social capital supports the empowerment of farmers with the social network that is in it related to members with a relationship of mutual trust, high solidarity, upholding social values and norms, reciprocity and profitability.


Abstract This study investigates the use of speech as an indicator of the onset of cognitive decline in the elderly. The analysis found features that correlate with the results of a clinical measure of cognitive function. Using a combination of temporal language features, such as pause and utterance duration, 76% classification accuracy was achieved. While no significant results were found for ASR experiments, vowel duration, on average, increased by 17% for subjects with cognitive impairment compared to those without. The results from this study introduce the concept of longitudinal studies into aging using speech as a window into cognitive function. Index Terms: cognitive decline; elderly, temporal features 1. Introduction The world's population is growing older. In the next 50 years, the number of older people is forecast to quadruple, growing from about 600 million to almost 2 billion people [1]. With the prospect of people living longer there has been concerted efforts to provide healthcare at appropriate times to allow the elderly to live as independently as possible, for as long as possible [2], [3]. Remote monitoring of older people in their homes may enable early detection of some of the problems associated with old age, such as propensity to falls and social isolation along with decline in cognitive function. Once Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) has set in it is usually too late to implement any cognitive training schema that could help. The biggest limiting factor to independence in the elderly is impaired cognitive function and its consequences. Such consequences include: accident proneness (falls, burns, bruising and cuts), self-neglect (missed medication, poor nutrition, poor hygiene), loss of initiative, diminished repertoire of activities and low mood. The assessment of cognitive function is expensive and labour intensive and hence non-viable for all but a tiny fraction of the elderly. In addition the elderly is a population traditionally highly averse to using new technology, which makes technical solutions to the assessment of cognitive function more difficult. Speech may provide a cost effective, easily implementable means of monitoring and assessing cognitive function. The disproportionate vulnerability of the brain's frontal lobe to aging means that attention and executive function predominate in cognitive impairment having major detrimental effects on memory, attention, planning, initiative, mood vigilance as well as self-, safety-, and environmental awareness. One of the standard clinic tools used by psychologists for assessing cognitive function is the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) [5]. This consists of a questionnaire that rates cognitive function out of 30. MMSE scores of less than 27 are generally considered as possibly cognitively impaired by clinicians. Previous studies have found spoken language markers to be indicative of Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) [6]. Roark et al found standardized pause rate (the ratio of words uttered to the number of pauses uttered) to be statistically different for two sets of elderly speakers; using a Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR), the cohort was separated into those with MCI and those without. While other speech duration parameters were investigated in the study including verbal rate (number of words per second), phonation rate (proportion of total time spent speaking) and mean duration of pauses, none of these were found be significantly different for the two populations. Speech has also been shown to be an indicator of other neuro-degenerative diseases, such as schizophrenia [7]. Stassen et al looked at temporal parameters extracted from read speech from known sufferers of the disease and matched controls. In this case the correlation with this type of cognitive impairment and temporal features such as mean pause duration is attributed to the negative symptoms of the disease. These include affective flattening, blunted affect emotional dullness, poverty of speech and psycho-motor retardation. A recent study carried out by Lieberman et al [8], investigated audio recorded from climbers ascending Mount Everest. The effect of altitude on the cognitive function of climbers was used to simulate that experienced by astronauts in space. Astronauts' cognition is impacted by hypoxic and cosmic ray-induced insult to the brain, as well as degraded cognitive performance resulting from task difficulty. The authors found acoustic measures of temporal characteristics of speech can be used to monitor cognitive impairment. This study focuses on identifying the onset of cognitive decline from features that can readily be extracted from speech. Experimentation includes investigating speech from a temporal feature perspective and from an acoustic perspective. Speech is a non-intrusive means of data collection and speech centred applications, particularly telephony based, can be implemented using technology that is familiar to the potential users.


The major French Jewish institution is the Consistory for Religious Activities that was established by Napoleon in 1808. The second important framework is the Unified Jewish Social Fund (FSJU) in charge of social and educational issues. The institutional innovation after World War II was the Representative Council of the Jewish Institutions of France (CRIF) which would provide Jews with a political representation vis-a-vis the state. The arrival of Muslims is more recent. The tension between Muslims and Jews had increased and anti-Jewish incidents had created an uneasy climate aggravated by the terrorist attack against the synagogue on Copernic street that set in motion large-scale demonstrations against anti-Semitism. Manifestations of anti-Semitism are frequently observed in Muslim circles. They are fueled by Muslims' identification with the Palestinian cause and the anti-Israeli attitude of the Middle-Eastern public at large. Keywords: French Muslims; Jews


Thin layer chromatography (TLC) has been used in combination with surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) for onsite screening of various analytes. In this work, we propose a novel concept for future field semi-quantitative SERS screening applications, where calibration curves were pre-built in the lab but subjected to onsite single point known standard amendment. Rhodamine B (RhB) in chili oil, a case of food scandal reported in China, was chosen as our model sample. A standard calibration curve of RhB was built using melamine as an internal standard and used throughout the assay. Before the analysis of samples, one single known RhB standard mixed with melamine was tested and used to calibrate the previously built standard calibration curve. RhB in chili oil was separated through the TLC method. Then, it was extracted and mixed with melamine. The signal of the mixture was recorded and compared with the single point calibrated calibration curve, instead of building a new curve each time. A limit of quantification (LOQ) of RhB from chili oil by SERS, 1.00 × 10−7 M, was realized for the first time, and the recovery range was from 66.1% to 110%, despite the fact that the cheapest and non-uniform SERS substrate was used. We expect such a protocol could be used for future fast onsite food quality assurance inspection.


Times Title Speaker Paper # 5179 Mr. Manie Swart 14:00 14:15 Brownfield Exploration as a Strategic Initiative to Reviving Non-Operational Mines in the Central Rand 230 Dr. PRAKASH RAMCHAND GOLANI 14:15 14:30 Implications of New Geophysical and Lead Isotopic Data on Localization of Giant Zinc Sulphide Body at Agucha in Western India 433 Dr. Velayutham Kumaravel 14:30 14:45 Fluid inclusion microthermometry and sulphur isotopic studies of the base metal mineralization in Minjhari area, Western Bastar Craton, India 1507 Dr. Johannes Henckel 14:45 15:00 Carbonate alteration as identified by staining as a vector to orogenic gold mineralization 3478 Mr. Pieter Bosch 15:00 15:15 The importance of Dwyka Group glaciation with regards to alluvial diamond transportation, concentration and entrapment in South Africa.


The article casts light upon the genesis of Bartolomeo Fonzio's Epistolarum libri and explores the different editions of the letterbooks over the years. By comparing significant specimens of the writings, the author reveals Bartolomeo's meticulous working methods and continuous labor limae as he polished and honed his style and revised his texts to reflect new historical circumstances.


Before the modern times,the northwest tradementwas monopoliedby Shanxi and Hui merchants,However,After Tongzhi-Guangxu'dynasty,the trade tendency changed radically.Hui's trade was severely hampered.In differently,Hui nationality'trade in gannan,its scale enlarged ceaselessly.This paper tries to clarify the trade and expect to benefit the study of the social development in Hui nationality.


The microwave radiation from a plasma generated by an electron beam fired into an unionized low-pressure mercury vapor in a uniform magnetic field was measured. The emission is shown to depend on collective motions of the particles. A microwave radiometric method was used. (R.E.U.)


Letters 14 and 15 describe the two successive journeys that Brasseur undertook in the spring and summer of 1897. The first one – to the south-western corner of Lake Mweru and the Lubule River – was prompted by the mistaken assumption that a resupply caravan was due to transit through the area. The journey was cut short by the news of the Force Publique's mutiny on the upper Ituri River in February. The second journey, to the capital of the Kazembe of the Lualaba, was intended to create more soldier outposts and to repress an anti-Yeke rising by the Bena Mitumba. From the upper Lualaba River, Brasseur and his party proceeded to the Luapula River, which they reached at the beginning of September, making their way back to Lofoi after visiting Mambilima Falls and some Yeke settlements in the western half of the lower Luapula valley.


Cambridge University Press no longer holds the necessary rights to publish this contribution to International Journal of Law in Context, Vol. 8 Issue 1 on Cambridge Journals Online. We regret that it is therefore no longer accessible from this platform.


Taking gobang as an example,this paper proposes the conception of solving game problem by adopting the notion of genetic algorithms instead of search tree.It also provides with requirements for designing fitness function,and makes several schemes on the design of fitness function.


Er-doped silicon nitride films were obtained by reactive evaporation of silicon under a flow of nitrogen ions and were annealed at temperatures up to 1300 °C. Samples were studied by infrared absorption and Raman spectrometries and by transmission electron microscopy. The 1.54 μm Er-related photoluminescence (PL) was studied in relation with the structure with pump excitation at 488 and 325 nm. Steady-state PL, PL excitation spectroscopy, and time-resolved PL were performed. The results demonstrate that Er3+ ions are indirectly excited both via silicon nanocrystals and via localized states in the silicon nitride matrix.