This paper analyses the general characteristic and basic function of the production industry chains, expatiates the relation between production industry chains and production matching radius, criteria, self-developoment capability of enterprises. The author indicates the cultivation of the production industry chains is mainly manifested in the production matching radius and types .There are three types of production matching-provincial,national and international matching, and there are also the relating there types of matching radius.The key of production matching relies on the criteria to which it connects. The self-developoment capability of enterprises not only require the consistence of industry, products, technical selection and comparative advantage which is depended on the gift stucture of economic factors, but meanwhile must enter global production industry chains to be a necessary part or crunode.Therefore, there is a definite and positive correlation relationship between the self-developoment capability of enterprises and the criteria of its corporation and the production matching radius.


Choulakian, Lockhart & Stephens (1994) proposed Cramér‐von Mises statistics for testing fit to a fully specified discrete distribution. The authors give slightly modified definitions for these statistics and determine their asymptotic behaviour in the case when unknown parameters in the distribution must be estimated from the sample data. They also present two examples of applications.


Widely recognized problems of present-day Russian society include the low standard of living of most families; family instability; low birth rates; the difficulty of combining parental and professional functions, especially in the case of young families; and many others. The rapidly changing social and political conditions of life make it unsuitable to use the results of previous psychological and sociological scientific studies of the family. The task of carrying out new, large-scale studies presents both financial and methodological difficulties. Conducting family research on the systematic plane can be considered a timely necessity. The core problem of the family in today's industrially developed societies is the difficulty of combining family life and professional activity on the part of men and women who have children of preschool age. To a greater extent than ever before, today's economy is based on human resources, female resources as well as male. The traditional division of roles, with the husband as


This paper expounds the basic ideas of establishing the evaluation index system of knowledge management of innovative enterprise, analyzes the problems existing in current index system of knowledge management system, and by using Delphi method and analytic hierarchy process, establishes the evaluation index system for the knowledge management of innovative enterprise, and introduces the calculation of relative importance weight.


Road freight transport in Slovenia is becoming a major issue. High daily volume of trucks are burdening the Slovenian traffic system and their emissions have a negative effect on the environment and people´s health. In the first part of the thesis we have displayed the road and rail freight traffic loads for selected years. Additionally, using the TRANSvisions study we have constructed a forecast of the freight loads for the year 2030. One of the plausible solutions for amending the problem of freight traffic on roads is in its shift to the railway system. This type of the solution is currently implemented solely in one of the Slovenian routes; between Maribor and Wels (Austria). Austria is well known for its strict traffic policies and for shifting freight traffic from roads to railways, which has been a common practice for several years. Also in other European countries the so called piggy back system is already widely implemented.
In the second part of the thesis we displayed the technologies that are used in shifting the freight road vehicles (trailers, semi-trailers, swap bodies and containers) to the railways and specialized logistic terminals. Since the bulk of daily transit trucks in direction from Hungary to Italy pass through Slovenia, we have foreseen a logistic terminal in the Prekmurje region for which we have defined its throughput capacity and spatial requirements in order to accommodate the daily truck transit in 2030.
Currently, there are two main issues in Slovenia that are impeding the shifting of road freight traffic to railways: Slovenian traffic policy which does not charge the external costs to trucks and inadequate condition of Slovenian railway system. That is why we have assumed that Slovenia will regulate its traffic policy and also restore and upgrade the railway system until the 2030. The goal of the European commission is to shift 30 % of the road freight traffic over 300 km to the railway


Linguistics research shows that languages differ as to how they differentiate future from present events. Economics research finds that when the grammatical structure of a language disassociates the future from the present, speakers of the language also disassociate the future from the present in their behaviors. This study examines how linguistically induced time perception relates to cross-country variation in investment efficiency. We find that underinvestment is less prevalent in countries where there is a weaker time disassociation in the language. The results from both a within-country analysis based on firms headquartered in different regions of Switzerland and an analysis based on the birthplace information of U.S. firms' chief executive officers confirm the relation between languages and investment efficiency. Collectively, the results suggest that time encoding in languages influences speakers' cognition and their investment decisions. This paper was accepted by Shivaram Rajgopal, accounting.


Background : Health education institutions as producers of healthcare workers have a duty to demonstrate healthy lifestyles to the students as the future healthy role models. Objective : This research aimed to describe the views of health lecturers and students about their role and the effect of healthcare workers' behavior as healthy lifestye role models. Method : An exploratory qualitative study with in-depth interviews was conducted in 2017. Six lecturers and five studentss were chosen as key informants, who were selected from the medicine, nursing, and health nutrition departments. We analyzed the data manually, by identifying categories then created into themes. Result : Healthcare workers were judged as a representative figure to demonstrate healthy lifestyles. Unhealthy lifestyle practice by healthcare workers was considered a violation of their responsibility. Furthermore, it will decrease the image and respect of healthcare workers which will cause people to trust less in the treatment process and health counseling, and finally, the society will imitate unhealthy lifestyles. Furthermore, in medical education, this influences lecturers' self-efficacy in health counseling, causing guilty feelings and shame for not implementing a healthy lifestyle although they had already learned health science. Moreover, the students sometimes feel sadness and disappointment, since not all lecturers can become healthy lifestyle role models. Conclusion: Healthcare workers are role models of healthy lifestyles in society and expected to be in any setting. Therefore, they should appropriately respond to becoming someone who qualifies to be imitated and be a good example of a healthy lifestyle in society.


The single ionospheric layer correction model is used to delete the effects(L) on GPSranging, and the average ionospheric height is generally used in the calculation. In fact,the variations of ionospheric height (H) is re1ated to the hour angle (T) of the sun, theseasons as well as the solar activities, and it must be taken in to account in the calculationof the effects especia1ly for the satellites which are at low altitudes(E). The different effects caused by the different ionospheric heights are discussed in this paper and the resultsare shown in Fig. 2 and Fig. 3 respectively. In addition, the effects obtained with theTEC data of 1986 measured in Wuhan are compared with those calculated according to theIRI-90 model. The results (Fig. 4) show the correspondence between them. And it isconcluded that the theory of IRI- 90 can be used as a primary correction for the ionospheric effects at the places of intermediate latitude, such as Wuhan, for the years when theionospheric activities are at a low level.


Citation for published version (APA): Sinkovics, N., Sinkovics, R. R., & Archie-Acheampong, J. (2019). An overview of social responsibility dimensions in international business. In L. C. Leonidou, C. S. Katsikeas, S. Samiee, & C. N. Leonidou (Eds.), Socially responsible international business: Critical issues and the way forward (pp. 29-71). Edward Elgar Publishing Ltd. https://doi.org/10.4337/9781788114127.00009


Abstract : This work by a group of students attending the National Defense University's National War College (NWC) was born of the terrorist attacks against the United States on September 11, 2001. Following the attack, a group of 26 NWC students from various services, agencies, and backgrounds decided to apply their education and collective experience in an unconstrained manner to study this national security threat and develop a plausible strategy to combat it. Their time at the University had been intended to be one of study and reflection to prepare for leadership challenges ahead. Instead, they accepted a new challenge and managed to contribute to national security strategy even while continuing their course of study. Although much of their thinking is conventional wisdom today, it was novel in the immediate aftermath of September 11, and their original ideas spawned a more comprehensive government review of this threat. Consequently, the Student Task Force on Combating Terrorism was invited to participate in the Interagency Working Group that was drafting the National Strategy to Combat Terrorism. Many of their ideas and concepts were incorporated into the strategy. This paper reviews the nature and threat of global terrorism, examines potential global implications of such a threat if not confronted, and proposes a strategy to combat terrorism. Terrorists' objectives are to unite the Islamic world against the United States and non-Muslim cultures, obtain weapons of mass destruction for both their status value and coercive power, destroy Israel and remove infidels from the Middle East, and establish a new global order dominated by those possessing a radical view of Islam. The 3-D Strategy of Abolishment proposed here seeks to abolish terrorism by defeating terrorist groups wherever they exist, deterring future terrorist acts and their sponsors, and diminishing the underlying causes of terrorism. An extensive bibliography is included.


This article delves into the trends, patterns, and impact of illicit trade in the Eurasia region. It draws on a review of existing literature and analysis of trade data, and then explores the prevalence and nature of illicit trade in various commodities, including tobacco, pharmaceuticals, pesticides, petroleum products, and garments. Moreover, it highlights the significant impact of such trade on corruption, security, development, the environment, and public health in the region, and argues that there is a need to shift the research focus to the smuggling and illicit trade of legal commodities in Eurasia.


The objective of this study was to evaluate the genetic diversity of ball-DRB3 gene in the Colombian creole Harton del Valle cattle. A total of 93 Harton del Valle (HV), 30 Lucerne (LUC), and 30 Holstein (HOL) animals were evaluated for DRB3 gene polymorphism using the PCR-SBT method. The number of alleles found were 27, 17 and 14 for HV, LUC, HOL, respectively. The most frequent alleles were DRB3*1101 (14.5%) in HV; LUC DRB3 * 0701 in LUC; and *1107, *1501 and *2301 in HOL (11.7%). Expected heterozygosity values were higher than observed, which resulted in a low fixing index, positive F IS (significant only for HV), and no significant deviations from Hardy- Weinberg equilibrium for LUC. The molecular analysis of variance reflected little variation between breeds (3%) and a moderate genetic differentiation (F ST = 0.056 p<0.01). Regarding sequence, LUC was the most diverse breed, no neutral selection is occurring, and none of the breeds is in selection equilibrium. Comparison with reports on other breeds showed high genetic diversity in Colombian breeds. We conclude that HV has high genetic diversity in BoLA-DRB3 locus. The cause of this polymorphism may be due in part to the origin of HV. This high variation can be maintained by selection equilibrium.


The propagation of an extraordinary wave in a weakly inhomogeneous collisionless magnetoplasma is first studied in the cold plasma approximation. As the cold plasma theory breaks down near the upper hybrid resonance, a fourth‐order warm plasma field equation is derived and its solutions obtained in integral form. Connection formulas based on the asymptotic expansion of the integral solutions by the method of saddle‐point integration are deduced. These connection formulas are then applied to the problem of mode conversion between extraordinary waves and electrostatic plasma waves across the upper hybrid resonance.


Background: Small bowel capsule endoscopy represents the initial investigation for obscure gastrointestinal bleeding. Flexible spectral imaging colour enhancement (FICE) is a virtual chromoendoscopy technique designed to enhance mucosal lesions, available in different settings according to light wavelength – FICE1, 2 and 3. Aims: To compare the diagnostic yield of FICE1 and white light during capsule endoscopy in patients with obscure gastrointestinal bleeding. Methods: Retrospective single-centre study including 60 consecutive patients referred for small bowel capsule endoscopy for obscure gastrointestinal bleeding. Endoscopies were independently reviewed in FICE1 and white light; findings were then reviewed by another researcher, establishing a gold standard. Diagnostic yield was defined as the presence of lesions with high bleeding potential (P2) angioectasias, ulcers or tumours. Results: Diagnostic yield using FICE1 was significantly higher than white light (55% vs 42%, p = 0.021). A superior number of P2 lesions was detected with FICE1 (74 vs 44, p = 0.003), particularly angioectasias (54 vs 26, p = 0.002), but not ulcers or tumours. Conclusions: FICE1 was significantly superior to white light, resulting in a 13% improvement in diagnostic yield, and potentially bleeding lesions particularly angioectasias were more often observed. Our results support the use of FICE1 while reviewing small bowel capsule endoscopy for obscure gastrointestinal bleeding. © 2015 Editrice Gastroenterologica Italiana S.r.l. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.


Purpose To purify RNAⅡ from calf pancreas and to validate the virus inactivationl by pasteurization.MethodsRNAⅡwas purified from pancreas by extraction of phenol and chloroform and RNA solution adding the porcine parvovirus(PPV)was heated to 60℃ for 10 hours.Purity,A260/A280,special UV absorbance peak and integrity were matched before and after pasteurization.ResultsHigh purity and activity of RNAⅡ were purified,and the initial titre of PPV added into RNAⅡ solution is 7.7logTCID50/0.1 mL.The residual virus was undetectable in the virus inactivation solution and the matched itoms didn't change qualitatively.ConclusionThe method of purification of RNAⅡ and inactivation of virus is effective.


It is 25 years since the release of the Report of the Nagle Royal Commission into NSW Prisons in 1978. The Report and the events leading up to it constituted a watershed in NSW and indeed Australian penal history. The Report came to signify a period of reform in NSW penal affairs. That period, presided over by Prof Tony Vinson as Chair of the NSW Corrective Services Commission, backed at least initially by the Wran Labor government and significant sections of public opinion scandalised by the revelations of brutality, incompetence and cover-up revealed at the Nagle Commission, was relatively short lived, but highly significant none-the-less.


Cationic ring-opening polymerization of trimethylene carbonate using o-benzenedisulfonimide as a reusable catalyst under mild conditions was described. The polymerization proceeded homogeneously without decarboxylation and poly(trimethylene carbonates) (PTMCs) were synthesized with well-controlled molecular weights and narrow polydispersities (Mw/Mn = 1.12–1.18). The spectra of 1H-NMR, SEC, and MALDI–ToF MS clearly demonstrated the incorporation of the initiator residue into the polymer chains and the controlled/living nature of the polymerizations. Furthermore, the catalyst can be easily recovered, and its efficiency was fully retained. In addition, 1,3-propanediol, 1,1,1-trimethylolpropane, and pentaerythritol were successfully used as initiators to produce telechelic and star-shaped polycarbonates which were determined by intrinsic viscosity experiments. The number of arms estimated by the shrinking factors ( g′) were 2.0, 2.6, and 3.5, respectively, indicating the successful syntheses of the two-, three-, and four-armed PTMCs. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2015, 53, 729–736


Travel cost method (TCM) is a consumer oriented method used for estimating recreational values of natural resources.Vellayani lake is the only freshwater lake of Thiruvananthapuram district of Kerala state. Satellite imageries revealed that the lake has got an area of 243.39 ha in 2011. The serene picturesque beauty of the lake has attracted several people towards it.The lake is also part of religious and cultural functions.For empirical estimation of the Trip Generating Function of the Travel Cost Method poisson regression for count data was used.The sign and significanceof travel cost variable (-0.0018) was consistent with economic theory. By finding the absolute value of reciprocal of travel cost coefficient, consumer surplus per visit was estimated as Rs. 555.55. The estimated total recreational value of the lake obtained by multiplying the total number of vistors by the consumer surplus per visit was Rs. 55.83 lakh per year.


In the current economy with rising fuel prices and higher concerns being raised for the safety of the environment, it creates an opportunity to test additives available in the market to achieve lower emissions with an increase in performance. Fuels today provide either higher performance or lower emissions, this study aims in achieving both by combining two additives, namely ethanol and toluene. Ethanol is an additive which helps reduce emissions from a vehicle but reduces the overall performance of the vehicle. While toluene improves the performance of a vehicle tremendously, it has higher emissions when compared to ethanol. Hence, two samples were created to be tested against pure petrol and pure ethanol by combining these two additives with gasoline. Four samples were tested, which were pure petrol, 10% ethanol, 10% ethanol with 5% toluene and 20% ethanol with 5% toluene and were labelled sample A, B, C and D respectively. These four samples were tested against two performance parameters and four emission parameters. Results obtained in this study showed that sample C had the lowest emission and sample D had the highest performance.


It is well known that gold nanoparticles can readily tune the optical absorption spectrum by their size and geometry, which can resonantly enhance photoacoustic imaging, targeted photothermal therapy and stimulation, as well as drug delivery. When gold nanorods are molecularly targeted to cells, they can act as nanoscale transducers that amplify the acoustic signals triggered by light, known as the photoacoustic effect. However, the majority of the existing studies focus on the farfield photoacoustic signals that can be measured with an ultrasound transducer, much less is known in the near-field regime where the photoacoustic signal strongly interacts with the cells and cell membrane molecules. Here we discuss the theory and numerical studies of near-field photoacoustic distribution generated by a single gold nanorod upon pulsed laser illumination. Our results show that the near-field region is much smaller than the wavelength of the associated acoustic pulse, and has a distinct spatial distribution controlled by the geometry of the nanorod. Specifically, the nearfield photoacoustic distribution of the nanorod is anisotropic and converges to an isotropic spherical wave at 100 nm away from the nanorod surface. Immediately around the nanorod, the near-field photoacoustic signals decay dramatically, depending on the orientation. The nanorod shows ~75% stronger photoacoustic signal amplitude in the transverse direction (along the short axis of the nanorod) than in the longitudinal direction (along the long axis). We show that the spatial confinement of the photoacoustic signal is also related to the laser pulse width and identify an optimal pulse width in the range of 0.01 ns to 10.44 ns depending on the nanorod's dimension.


【Objective】For high quality,high yield and low physiological fruit drop on pecan of 'Mahan'.【Method】The flowering habit of female flowers were observed.And receptive period of female flowers andpollinated affinity were studied by means of pollination techniques of emasculation-bagging.【Result】Re-sults showed that the bilobed stigma female flowers go through four steps: stigma angle less than 45°(TypeⅠ),stigma angle between 45° and 90°(TypeⅡ),stigma angle greater than 90 °(Type Ⅲ) and the stigmaturn brown(Type Ⅳ).And the best stigma pollination for female flowers was Type Ⅲ,in which the fruitset was 18.08%.The fruit set of natural pollination was 7.30% and it was 0% when no pollination.In addition,the results showed that the fruit set of treatments had no significant differences on June 1st and July2 nd,but the significant differences appeared on July 31.Meanwhile,the analysis of fruit setting pollinated by different pollens showed that the fruit setting of 'Mahan'בNo.35' is highest by 25.71%,but the fruitsetting of 'Mahan' ×seeding and 'Mahan'בHickory' was low,where fruit setting was only 9.81% and 10.82%.The single seed weight and the fruit length pollinated by different pollens had no significant difference,but the fruit weight,fruit length,fruit width,the rate of seed,the seed diameter and shell thick-ness had significant difference.Especially,the fruit weight,fruit length and fruit width of 'Mahan'בHickory' was significantly lower than others.The nutrient content of oil,protein,soluble sugar andstarch content in nuts also showed difference.The highest oil content was 76.39% in 'Mahan'בCaddo',but the lowest was 71.55% in 'Mahan'בHickory'.The highest crude protein was 130.43 mg·g-1 in 'Ma-han'בHickory',but the lowest was 81.85 mg·g-1 in 'Mahan'בCaddo'.The highest soluble sugar was 36.83 mg·g-1 in 'Mahan'בNo.6',but the lowest was 29.06 mg·g-1 in 'Mahan'בHickory'.The higheststarch content was 66.31 mg·g-1in 'Mahan'×seeding,but the lowest was 38.42 mg·g-1 in 'Mahan'בNo.35'.【Conclusion】'No.35','Caddo','No.6' and 'No.36' were suitable pollination varieties for 'Mah-an' because of their high production and good quality.


Asset pricing models have been used extensively in the recent real estate literature to evaluate real estate performance and estimate required rates of return of properties. In this paper, we show that the CAPM and its variants will derive a biased result when short sales are not allowed in the market. This problem is particularly serious for Asian property markets where investors are not able to short sell real estate indexes as a substitute for short selling real properties. We also demonstrate that the bias resulting from the short-sale constraint is related to the supply-and-demand conditions in the local market.


We prove that crossed products of fiberwise essentially minimal zero-dimensional dynamical systems have isomorphic K-theory if and only if the dynamical systems are strong orbit equivalent. Under the additional assumption that the dynamical systems have no periodic points, this gives a classification theorem including isomorphism of the C-algebras as well. We additionally explore the K-theory of such crossed products and the Bratteli diagrams associated to the dynamical


The main objective of this study is analyze the quality of elaboration of soil classes map in the areas of topographic maps Cachoeira Sucupira sheet number SE. 22-Z-B-VI-4-SO MI-2451/4-SO e Pau Furado sheet number SE. 22-Z-B-VI-4-NO MI 2451/4 NO, scales 1: 25.000, in Uberlândia/MG city, using Geographic Information System – GIS. In software GIS. In the software GIS, were prepared hypsometry, altimetry, slope, geology and soils layers. The altimetry layer was produced as of vectorization of contour lines at the topographic maps, used with equidistance of 10 meters. As of altimetry were generated, in order, the layers of numerical model of terrain - DEM, slope and relief. Results show that is unfeasible a map generation of evolution soils considering only slope. In this case, consider themselves other environmental variables, especially the type of rock, which according to mineralogy, will be exposed a different weathering processes, which will also lead to different pedogenic processes.


Aging America and Transportation describes the soon-to-be-older adult population and how they differ from older generations in mentality and transportation needs. Specifically, the book looks into how the transportation system is changing, how older drivers are changing, and recommendations for change. The authors brought together multiple factors and effectively demonstrated in what ways the transportation system is changing and how older drivers may respond to those changes in a different way than previous generations. For instance, technology has become more ingrained in our society as a way of life, and the baby boomer generation may be more adept at accepting and integrating new technology into their lives, compared to their parents. Older adults' risks of continued driving were also discussed, such as their higher risk of death when in a car accident, compared to younger drivers. These concerns are consistent with those raised in other literature (Eberhard, 1998; Robertson & Vanlaar, 2008). Throughout the work, suggestions for changes in the public transportation system were given. Some of these suggestions would be cost-effective and greatly beneficial to the aging population. Older adults are weary of using the public transportation system for numerous reasons: Buses are uncomfortable to ride; the routes can be confusing especially if there are multiple transfers, and there are frequent inexplicable delays. Many of these barriers to using public transportation have also been identified in the literature (Oberlink 2008; Stowell-Ritter & Binette, 2008). Intelligent transit service technologies were recommended as a solution to address these issues by providing real-time information about the location of buses and trains to reduce anxiety and wait time. However the suggestion for public transportation systems to provide buses that are smaller and more comfortable, with lower floors to accommodate the older adult population, may not be cost effective. Further, the authors point out that many older adults prefer to use private transportation regardless of the availability of public transportation options. Limited planning has gone into preparing public transportation systems for the new older adult generation. The book suggests that there is


1. Introduction. 2. Organizing Information. 3. Letters, Memos, and Related Forms. 4. Our House to Yours: Using Summaries to Inform. 5. Directions and Instructions: Writing about Process. 6. Using Analysis: Writing a Report. 7. Writing the Formal Report. 8. Selling Yourself. References. Appendix: Enhancing Your Document with Graphics. Index.


Understanding of Gastrointestinal Motility is an immense and complex subject that is out of scope of various technological sciences and confounding as there are major and minor regulators, which may interact in this mechanism and makes it a vital part of digestion of food and transit within GI system. Overall, a chief mechanism postulating in functioning of gastrointestinal system. The purpose of this paper is to identify the key elements/attributes/enablers of gastrointestinal motility and find a functional relationship between them. In this paper, a framework is developed using interpretive structural modeling (ISM), for associating different enablers with each other during Gastrointestinal Motility.


This work is about the potentialities of the Distance Education (DE) modality in the process of knowledge construction. To achieve this purpose, we will present findings and reflections in the literature about the teaching and learning process with the use of multiple technological resources, especially in the teaching enabled with resources of DE. Thus, the objective of this research was to reflect about the potential of the Distance Education modality as a strategic tool for knowledge construction in Brazil. This is an integrative review, outlined in four stages - problem identification, literature search, evaluation and analysis of information -, carried out by searching the databases Scientific Electronic Library Online and Google Scholar, using the keywords: 'Distance Education', 'Educational Technologies' and 'Distance Education in Brazil'. The research was conducted in December of 2019. The results show that EaD, as a teaching strategy, favors access to knowledge for a greater number of individuals who see this tool as an alternative and opportunity to aggregate knowledge In general, it is believed that this modality of education has increased its collaboration in the process of democratization of the teaching and acquisition of the most varied knowledge for those who are distant from the teaching institutions and/or that cannot study at pre-defined times.


To increase the efficiency of software develop in VB environment,software reuse technology is studied,an idea of software reuse engineering taking the code component as core is presented. With application in VB,the methods of class creation and reuse,as well as the reuse technology of ActiveX DLL code component based on class are introduced in detail,and the others common used code component reuse method are introduced simply. Study showed that the use of related software reuse technology in reasonable reduce the software develop lifecycle and improve the software develop quality.


Microfinance Institutions (MFIs) have served millions of poor people around the world by offering them small loans with easy repayment terms. This review paper highlights the microfinance activities performed by the MFIs and also indicates the critical factors that hinder the growth of microfinance in developing and developed nations. It is found that the foremost factors obstructing the adoption of microfinance are: lack of financial stability, uncontrolled growth, cultural and value impede, systematic frauds, bureaucratic obstacles, state intervention, methodological defects, and shortage of credit rating agencies.


Nowadays, microstructures have an important role in optical products as well as in optical systems. Beside machining methods, hot glass embossing is recently a novel technology to manufacture microstructures in optical components with high quality and low cost. Especially, this technology has been assisted efficiently by ultrasonic vibration. Previous studies showed that high energy of ultrasonic vibration would lead to the temperature rise inside the glass so that the material was easily embossed into the microcavities on the mold. Thus, micro-formability of glass material has been especially improved efficiently. However, there were no studies focusing on effect of ultrasonic vibration on embossing speed in this process. Therefore, this work is aimed to utilize ultrasonic vibration to improve the embossing speed of hot glass embossing process. K-PSK100 optical glass was used as the material for all experiments. Pyramid array with size of 30 × 30 × 20 μm and period of 150 μm was created on the mold. Microstructure hot embossing experiments were conducted for both conventional process (without ultrasonic vibration) and ultrasonic vibration-assisted process (frequency of 35 kHz and amplitude of 3 μm). By fixing the embossing temperature of 430 °C, the embossing speeds of 0.05 mm/min, 0.10 mm/min and 0.15 mm/min were applied, respectively. Experimental results showed that in case of conventional process, the faster embossing speed, the smaller final height of pyramid structures. Nevertheless, this obstacle was resolved by ultrasonic vibration. Under heating effect of ultrasonic vibration, the glass still filled well into the pyramid cavities on the mold even when the high embossing speed was applied. Measurements indicated that in the same experimental conditions (temperature and speed), ultrasonic vibration could improve the filling ability of the glass to 18 %. This finding could be used to optimize the experimental conditions to increase the productivity of the microstructure hot glass embossing process.


In the recent years, there has been a shift in facial behavior analysis from the laboratory-controlled conditions to the challenging in-the-wild conditions due to the superior performance of deep learning based approaches for many real world applications.However, the performance of deep learning approaches relies on the amount of training data. One of the major problems with data acquisition is the requirement of annotations for large amount of training data. Labeling process of huge training data demands lot of human support with strong domain expertise for facial expressions or action units, which is difficult to obtain in real-time environments.Moreover, labeling process is highly vulnerable to ambiguity of expressions or action units, especially for intensities due to the bias induced by the domain experts. Therefore, there is an imperative need to address the problem of facial behavior analysis with weak annotations. In this paper, we provide a comprehensive review of weakly supervised learning (WSL) approaches for facial behavior analysis with both categorical as well as dimensional labels along with the challenges and potential research directions associated with it. First, we introduce various types of weak annotations in the context of facial behavior analysis and the corresponding challenges associated with it. We then systematically review the existing state-of-the-art approaches and provide a taxonomy of these approaches along with their insights and limitations. In addition, widely used data-sets in the reviewed literature and the performance of these approaches along with evaluation principles are summarized. Finally, we discuss the remaining challenges and opportunities along with the potential research directions in order to apply facial behavior analysis with weak labels in real life situations.


This study was carried out in New Bussa, Niger state, Nigeria to test the infallibility of the contention that coronavirus outbreak and suspension of physical educational services that accompanies its outbreak will positively or negatively affect demand for and adoption of electronic education (e-education) by students of various educational institutions in Nigeria. The study adopted an online survey made available via Google form to residents of the study area. Furthermore the online survey was accompanied by personal interview of school administrators and tertiary institution students. The survey questionnaire was made accessible to participants that were encouraged to fill the questionnaire online between 18th of October and 10th of November, 2020. The data retrieved were analysed using descriptive statistics and t-test. It was found that demand for and adoption of e-education through software resources was not significantly affected by coronavirus outbreak (μduring=3.90, μbefore=3.72, p>0.05), while e-education through radio and television broadcast was found to be significantly affected by coronavirus outbreak (μduring=4.83, μbefore=4.53, p<0.05). Level of income (as such, high cost of data) was found to have effect on demand for and adoption of e-education software resources. Furthermore, social media channels and generalised software applications (with reduced or no cost of data) were found to be the most adopted software resources at the expense of proprietary e-education software resources. It is therefore recommended that Nigerian government should find a way to reduce internet access cost to enable effective adoption of electronic education through mobile and website applications.


carbon (EC) and the AMS tracer C4H9 for hydrocarbon-like organic aerosol (HOA) peaked in the early morning during rush hour, indicative of primary emissions. The fact that the particle number concentration peaked in the afternoon, when EC was at minimum, indicates that the midday increase in number concentration was likely due to new particle formation. The potential importance of solar radiation, the condensation sink of vapor on existing particles, concentrations of OH, O3 ,S O2 ,N H3, and VOCs for both condensational growth and new particle formation is evaluated based on the covariation of these parameters with ultrafine mass. The results suggest that the ultrafine particles are from secondary sources that are co-emitted or co-produced with glyoxal and formaldehyde.


research and development project now in progress at the Chicago South District Filtration Plant are presented to assist other microbiologists in obtaining valid, objective answers to certain questions of laboratory method. The general program was undertaken because the time of flow of water through the filtration plant is 7 hr, and, in view of this flow rate, a rapid method of determining the coliform-organism content of a water sample is required. National disasters and limited emer-


This study presents a static analysis of laminated composite doubly curved shells using a refined kinematic model with polynomial and non-polynomial functions. In particular Maclaurin, trigonometric, exponential and zig-zag functions are employed. Refined models are based on the Equivalent Single Layer theories and obtained by using Carrera Unified formulation. The shell model is subjected to different mechanical loading such as bi-sinusoidal, uniform and point load. The governing equations are derived from the principle of virtual displacement and solved via Navier-Type closed form solutions. The results are compared with Layer-wise and higher-order shear deformation solutions available in the literature. It is shown that refined models with non-polynomial terms are capable of accurately predicting the through-the-thickness displacements and stress distributions with a low computational effort.


In the present study the pot experiments for Groundnut crop were conducted to investigate the effect of fungicide (Carbendazim) and herbicides (2,4 -D and Atrazine) on certain beneficial rhizospheric microorganisms, significant negative effect were observed . The Total count of bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes were lower in treated soil than in the untreated soil also Rhizobium, Azospirillum and Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria number were reduced in treated soil. The period of retardation or stimulation in g rowth differed according to the type of pesticide and type of microorganisms in rhizosphere. Soil enzymes activity were reduced with application of Carbendazim, 2,4 -D and Atrazine. Soil containing Rhizobium, Azospirillum and Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria help in increasing soil urease, dehydrogenase and phosphatase activities in presence and absence of above pesticides (fungicide and herbicides) and minimizing of negative effect of fungicide (Carbendazim) and herbicides (2,4-D and Atrazine) on soil enzymes.


The present invention is a semiconductor device and relates to a method of manufacturing the conventional chip pad is connected to the hole is exposed by a photolithographic process of the protective layer is a photoresist is close to the wiring pattern layer on the inner wall of the connection hole that is used in photolithography It damaged by the chemicals used in the removal processing of or, in order to suppress the defect being dropped by the contraction of the polyimide itself in the curing step of after forming the protective layer such as a polyimide layer, for forming a semiconductor device in having a silicon substrate, a first wiring pattern layer and the first wiring pattern and the insulating layer formed on the layer's peripheral, the second wiring pattern layer formed on the first wiring pattern layer and the insulating layer and a first wiring pattern layer upper a second protective layer formed to be partially exposed in the wiring pattern layer is formed on a silicon substrate, a second wiring pattern layer formed on an inner wall of the connection hole is It provides a semiconductor device and a method of manufacturing the same is covered on hocheung.


Introduction .......................................................................220 I. The Problem, in More Detail ...................................229 II. Connection Requirements for Conventional Mental States...........................................................234 A. Connecting the Actor's Purpose or Desire with His Acts .....................................................235 B. Connecting the Actor's Knowledge or Reckless Belief with His Acts............................247 C. Connecting the Actor's Negligence with His Acts ....................................................................257 III. Connection Requirements for Culpable Indifference ..............................................................259 A. Introduction: Two Culpable Indifference Criteria ..............................................................259 1. Idealized Criterion........................................262 2. Cognitive Counterfactual Criterion .............264 B. The Cognitive Counterfactual Criterion: Further Analysis ...............................................267


This paper shares the experiences of 3 occupational therapists whose work has been guided by health promotion and mental health promotion principles while using community development strategies. Although health promotion has been lauded for over 2 decades as a useful model from which to practice community occupational therapy, few illustrations of its application to practice exist. The Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion is reviewed as a starting point from which to frame mental health promotion and community development strategies. Two group programs are presented to illustrate an occupational therapy application of the health promotion model and community development strategies within a primary health care setting. Lessons learned from the therapists' work are shared in terms of conceptual understandings of community occupations, consumer barriers to participation, sustainability of community development projects, and balancing individual client issues with community-level interventions. The programs ex...


The 'predict and provide paradigm' of transport planning has been well served by the traditional trip-based modelling and forecasting techniques which treat time only as a cost to the transport user. In this paradigm, travel time is considered unproductive hence it should be minimized. In addition time devoted to daily activities and travel time are considered mutually exclusive (Lyons and Urry, 2005). Recently, however, a shift towards activity-based travel demand analysis has taken place. It has been acknowledged that with the fast development of ICT and communication technologies travel time is more and more often used for other activities like reading e-mails, listening to music, working or playing. Multitasking while travelling fundamentally changes the way travel time is valued in the assessment of transport projects and policies. While conventional travel diaries often neglect secondary activities during travel, time-use research provides a detailed account of activities during each segment of travel. This paper provides an insight into the activities of travellers in the Flanders region of Belgium that are carried out during travelling. The objective of the paper is to provide further evidence for the productive nature of travel time. Data was collected as part of a large-scale time-use survey (MOTUS) carried out among the Dutch-speaking population of Flanders, Belgium. 3690 people filled in an online diary of time-use for seven days registering all activities including any secondary activities. 30% of the respondents also completed a mobility module, which asked detailed information about the origins, destinations, distance, duration and mode of trip. This way the advantages of detailed travel surveys and time-use surveys have been combined providing detailed information about the context of travel activities. In addition, another 30% of the respondents filled in a detailed diary about media-related activities (e.g. listening to radio, using the internet etc.). Demographic and socio-economic information for each respondent (gender, age, employment status, financial situation etc.) is also available from the survey. The media module combined with information on travel activities from the basic module provides a uniquely detailed dataset to analyse multitasking activities during travelling. The analysis gives a detailed account of activities during travel for different purposes (work, school, business, leisure etc.). Potential linkages between the socio-economic attributes of travellers also in terms of their access to technology devices, internet and phone subscriptions, digital and online services, as well as the characteristics of the journey (duration, travel mode, presence of companions) are analysed. The analysis highlights the equity issues linked to multitasking since the usefulness of the activities to the passenger may be limited by his/her access to digital technology and content and his/her job profile. This latter analysis is supported by the unique detail that the media module provides with the type of media used (e.g. type of digital content) the way of communication (chatting, text messaging, phoning), the types of internet pages visited (e.g. shopping, reading the news). The results are then compared to similar datasets from the UK and the Netherlands in order to verify the generalisability of the utility that can be derived from travel. The results of the research provide further empirical evidence for the estimation of the utility or the wastefulness of travel time. References Lyons, G., & Urry, J. (2005). Travel time use in the information age. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice , 39 (2–3), 257–276. doi:10.1016/j.tra.2004.09.004


This text conceals a few different theoretical problems, which are basically alike. The main standpoint is one prominent text, that pertains to the Serbian avant-garde literature-"The Burlesque of Master Perun, the God of Thunder", whose author (Rastko Petrovic) managed to incorporate manifold of diverse texts into a single novel, using parody as a way of transforming the past tradition, both literary and cultural. It it most important to notice the way this parody is being enriched, the carnivalesque, defined (by Mikhail M. Bakhtin) as a sum of different cultural models-texts, ritual and visual forms of presentation, gestures, street communication, etc. In Petrovic's novel, spatiotemporal correlations are being irrevocably confronted, the way of living in the Slavic paradise, and in Devol, Nabor Devolac as typical antihero, and parody of the epic hero, but Petrovic also tries to obtain a total disintegration of the structure and the sentence through parody. There are many kinds of verbal constructions, that truly characterize the narrator in many ways, colloquial, everyday, thus creating a distinction between the auctorial, and the personal narrator. The end of the text provides (through merging of accents) a new integrated perspective. Basically, through the way parody is arising and spreading, we can also figure out the carnivalesque as a specific way of sensing the world. The identity of several characters is changed in a playful manner, thus reinforcing the parodic discourse, which is powerful, and ambivalent. In this novel, parody functions in a wide range, from characters to stylistic transformations, and change of reader's/author's perspective. We consider the generic determination in the title as totally conditional, since the novel does not permit to appear the judgmental dominant ideology, which could otherwise define subaltern consequents (burlesque is characterized usually by its law style, and honorable characters).


The mimetic mineralization ability of three kinds of borosilicate glasses(designated 0B、1B and H12) immersed in 0.25M K2HPO4 aqueous solution was investigated.The structures and morphologies of the mineralized products were characterized using XRD,FTIR and SEM techniques.The results showed that the glasses have were converted to plate-like carbonated hydroxyapatite(HCA)crystals,and the overlapping arrangement assumed the porous structures.The crystallization of the HCA was more complete and more compact in stacking arrangement for 1B glass,less for 0B glass and between the both for H12 glass.The comprehensive analysis indicate that the boron and sodium element promotes mineralization,conversely,the aluminum element inhibits it.


This paper deals with the question about the most efficient and less energy consumptive type of low-voltage DC-DC converter. Different types of DC-DC converters (Synchronous buck-boost, Cuk, Zeta, Sepic etc.) are analyzed in terms of low voltage implementation. The comparison of energy consumption of different types of converters is given. Different examples of such converter implementation are examined — for example, low voltage DC-DC converters can be used as power converter in photovoltaic system, or, for example, as charging converter for batteries. Different physical models of such implementations are presented — a model with small amount of photovoltaic cells, and a model where DC-DC converter is used as a charging converter for batteries for a power wheelchair, or for example, for battery used to power prosthetic limbs (hands, legs etc.).


In this paper we investigate the risk return relationship of Private Equity (PE) relative to Public Market Equity (PM) investments to assess the adequateness of PE's return premium. We analyze cash flows of PE projects gross of fees and any other externalities. Our analysis is based on simulated PM investments, mimicking the cash flow patterns of the PE investments. The comparison of alternative cash flow based performance measures reveals a substantial impact of the reinvestment hypothesis. Prior to any risk adjustment, PE investments outperform their PM counterparts with varying levels depending on the chosen benchmark (broad, industry specific, local). Next we compare standard risk measures and find downside deviation and shortfall to better describe the characteristics of not normally distributed PE investment returns than standard deviation. Thus, it is not surprising to observe substantially higher Sharpe Ratios for PM relative to PE investments. We adjust the Sharpe Ratio measuring risk in terms of downside deviation and still observe underperformance of PE relative to PM investments, with very heterogeneous results regarding industry, stage and size of the investments. Last we introduce Omega as alternative risk adjusted performance measure, because its risk definition better suits the characteristics of PE investments. For our PE sample we observe adequate excess returns over public stock markets given the higher shortfall risk. Our findings question the existence of an illiquidity puzzle on the fund level. Overall PE returns are highly skewed and very heterogeneous. We find later stage to be more attractive than early stage investments due to higher risk adjusted returns. As the PE investment universe is on average of poor quality compared to public equity markets, investment selection ability is of crucial importance.


Poly(vinylamine chloride) has been investigated as a pretreatment for the salt-free dyeing of cotton with reactive dyes. Dye fixation was found to be much higher than by conventional dyeing without pretreatment, even in the presence of a large amount of salt. The influence of pretreatment conditions on dye fixation, such as pad–bake variables and the concentration of poly(vinylamine chloride), has been studied. The dyeing behaviour of CI Reactive Red 2 on pretreated cotton was examined and found to follow a Langmuir-type adsorption curve. Dyed cotton pretreated with poly(vinylamine chloride) showed excellent wash fastness and good rub fastness. It is concluded that poly(vinylamine chloride) is effective as a pretreatment for salt-free dyeing with reactive dyes.


Without, within me, music seemed to be; Something not music, yet most musical. (1) These two lines from Christina Rossetti's "An Old-World Thicket" seem to touch on something peculiar to her work, something roundabout, snatching, teasing. There's "music," but it's "not music"; it's "Without" yet "within"; "not music," "yet most musical." The lines disclose as much as they withold, so that reading them is a bit like watching a magician's trick: now you see it (the white rabbit, music), now you don't. We're not sure where the music is, or whether it is music at all. By the time we've finished, our minds are empty--empty, at least, of any object to be named or known. But our ears are full. "Something," whatever it is, suggests a hearing, and makes us listen. Although the grammar scrambles this thing (it is "not" and "yet"), the repetition insists on it: "music," "not music," "most musical." I am reminded of Marianne Moore's comment about poetry in general: "there are things that are important beyond all this fiddle," (2) where "fiddle" puns on three different senses: a cheat, a fidgetting, and the sound of music. "Without, within me, music seemed to be; / Something not music, yet most musical." Such verbal constructions are common in Rossetti. In Sonnet Six from Later Life, for instance, she writes: "Not this, nor that; yet somewhat, certainly" (l. 2), where "somewhat," whatever it is, hovers in the distinctly uncertain twilight between "this" and "that." In "Somewhere or Other," the verbal game of "may be near or far," "may be far or near" (ll. 5, 9), bats its desired object elusively between contrary perspectives. Such playing fast and loose, missing the poetic object by an inch or a mile, is one of this poet's favorite tactics. Christina Rossetti is a master magician, as well as, of course, a master musician. Although this essay is focused on some sonnets of the Rossettis, sonnet form as such is not its object. Instead of looking at the technical formalities of the sonnet, its lines, rhyme scheme, and meter, I want to try listening, to the way the sonnet becomes a shape in the ear, a sound-work or rhythm. "We value the seeing eye already," Robert Frost once pointed out: "Time we said something about the hearing ear." (3) The "hearing ear" nicely emphasizes what it might sound like: tautological and self-echoing. Gerard Manley Hopkins once expostulated of his own poetry: "but take breath and read it with the ears." (34) Not only the reader, but the writer too, depends on ears. As Ezra Pound put it: "the true economy lies in making the tune first. We all of us compose verse to some sort of a tune." (5) When Hall Caine reported to Dante Gabriel Rossetti that Watts-Dunton had proposed strict criteria of rhyme and meter in his choice of poems for Sonnets of Three Centuries, Rossetti answered briskly: "I would not be too anxious were I you about anything in choice of sonnets except the brains and the music." (6) Again, the music. So what do we mean by music in poetry, and is it interpretable? Too often music has seemed a merely singable extra to content and thought, a pleasing sonorousness, added like a gloss. Yet, wherever we look, we find poets themselves invoking sound as the origin of what they do. Not only does "the music of poetry" not exist "apart from the meaning," as T. S. Eliot asserts, but "a poem, or a passage of a poem, may tend to realize itself first as a particular rhythm ... and that this rhythm may bring to birth the idea and the image." (7) Music may come first and create the meaning. There is a nice definition in James Longenbach's The Resistance to Poetry (2004), which suggests how we might shift the traditionally oppositional terms of music and meaning, form and content. He writes that we should attend to "the sound of thinking in poetry--not the sound of finished thought." (8) The "sound of thinking": it's an interesting phrase. For a start it leaves out pronouns. …


Aim To establish methods for sensitive,rapid,economical of cytokine genes expression Method Six pairs of primers specific for IFN γ,IL 2,IL 10,IL 13 and two actins were designed A sensitive and rapid method for detection of cytokine genes by RT PCR Results Monocyte in peripharal blood of 30 patients with neurocysticercosis were detected by RT PCR The results showed that cytokines mRNA were detected in 27 cases and no cytokines mRNA were detected in the other cases Among 27 positive cases,the mRNA of INF R,IL 2 IL 10 and IL 13 were detected in 7,6,17 and 14 cases respectively and the mRNA of IL 10 and (or) IL 13 were detected in 27 cases Th 2 associated cytokines were expressed at high level Conclusion The preliminary results manifests that RT PCR was an effective method to test cytokine genes expression


This article examines history of formation, theoretical and methodological basis for a start-up project. Due to the information society rules, the vast majority of modern start-ups are concentrated in the online coordinate system. Critically important for the existence of the startup is its reliance on the use of innovative technologies to market the product or service. The essential features of the start-up are originality of the project, uniqueness of the proposed ideas and forced strategy to promote them. Appealing to the characterization of the main stages and their content, the author relates the start-up project activities in general with a particular start-uporganization by youth political organizations of Russia. In this case we are talking about the start-ups of "The Russian Social Democratic Union of Youth", the Youth Parliament in Moscow and Perm region, as well as the projects of "Rostov 2012" Youth Forum.


ABSTRACT Waste management is an activity in waste reduction and handling that is systematic, continous and thorough. The state of good and health environmental in acollege is needed as carrying comfort in learning. The state of a clean and healthy environment is determined by the behavior of individuals who materialized in the form of knowledge, attitudes and actions. The purpose of this study to determine the correlation between knowledge level of student with attitudes of waste management in Medical Faculty of Riau University . This type of research was analytic survey with cross sectional approach. Samples in this reseacrh were 90 respondents from population students of Medical Faculty of Riau University.The data that were collected using a questionnaire to assess knowledge and attitudes. The results of this study, obtained that 44 students (48,9%) had a good knowledge and 65 students (72,2%) had a neutral stance. From the statistical test result was obtained that p=0,971 for the correlation with the students knowledge of waste management attitude. Keywords: Knowledge, attitudes, waste management


This study was directed towards the mechanisms by which solutions of some ionic surfactants increase the permeability of human skin. Ionic surfactants of three n-alkyl homologous series (R-COONa, R-OSO 3 Na, R-NH 3 CI) were selected. The low frequency, low voltage, alternating current (A.C.) conductance of isolated epidermal membranes is related to the permeability constant for water and was suitable for following effects of surfactant solutions below the critical micelle concentrations. Solutions and conditions were compared by observing differences in the induced rates of increase of A.C. conductance. A similar pattern of relative surfactant activity was shown for each series of surfactants. C 8 compounds showed no effect, C 10 slow but distinct increases in conductance, maximal effects occurred at C 12 and C 14 and less at C 16 . The induced changes were reversible to widely varying degrees up to a maximum of 90 percent. Members of the two anionic series were similar in effect but the alkylamine hycirochlorides produced more rapid conductance increases shortly after contact than did corresponding anionic molecules. The reversibility of the permeability changes excludes extraction of molecules as the mechanism of action for the surfactants. The absence of any similarity between the relative surfactant activities and changes in hydrophillipophil balance or detergency indicates an action against the protein rather than the lipid components of the stratum corneum.


Melatonin is now considered a major physiological regulator of many different functions including synchronization of circadian rhythms, antioxidant defense at different levels, immunomodulation, cell growth control, neuroprotector and anti-tumor agent. In addition to its membrane receptor-dependent actions, it has been classically assumed that its diffusion through lipid bilayers contribute to its intracellular actions, including direct and indirect free radical scavenging activities. While pineal gland is the major site of nocturnal production of the indolamine, skin is considered an important source of melatonin synthesis. Here, using a 3-D culture model of HaCaT cells in an artificial scaffold (epidermal equivalents), we have quantified diffusion of melatonin in these cells and compared it to 2-D or spheroid cultures. Diffusion in 3-D scaffold cultures was similar to that found in 2-D culture and proportion of intracellular melatonin was low. AFMK, a major oxidative metabolite of melatonin, was also found and quantified. Redox parameters including total ROS, superoxide or mitochondrial mass were also assayed. We also report the effect of melatonin on the cytoskeleton of normal human keratinocyte HaCaT cells. We propose HaCaT epidermal equivalents as an affordable, easy-to-use, 3-D cell culture tool to test diffusion rates of melatonin but also other similar small molecules. This 3-D models can also be studied at cellular and molecular level, including redox parameters, and can provide important information regarding molecules that can be topically added to skin. Similarly, mechanisms of transportation can also be approached with this methodology.


Appropriate prescribing and deprescription of unwanted medicines are a global concern. Polypharmacy is common in old age due to multiple comorbidities. This poses many risks that can be prevented by deprescription as a measure of planned reduction in number of medicines no longer needed. For articles to be included in this narrative review, a non-systematic search of deprescription and related term was conducted at PubMed and Google Scholar database. Articles detailing deprescription in general were included whereas those about deprescription in a particular disease or of particular drug groups were excluded. The review discusses about related terms, process of deprescription, when it is to be planned, which patients need deprescription, tools available for appropriate prescription, importance of patient oriented deprescription, actual steps involved in deprescription, present scenario, future scope of trials and formulation of guidelines for deprescription, and finally current state of deprescription in India and actions needed.


Different Definitions of Pension Finance Lead to Different Research Prospects. in the Aspect of Pension Fund Operation, in the Aspect of Formulating Foreign Preferential Tax System and Improving Investment Supervision, We Will Focus on the Rationalization of Pension Fund Management System, and Provide Financial Support to the Pension Industry through Housing Reverse Mortgage Loan. Real Estate Investment Trust Fund and Endowment Insurance System Provide Good Financial Support for the Elderly Industry. in the Provision of Financial Goods and Services for the Elderly, We Must Be Demand-Oriented.


The Princeton European Fertility Project has established, along with other research, that fertility transition in western Europe occurred within rather than across linguistic boundaries (Livi Bacci, 1971; Lesthaeghe, 1977; Coale and Watkins, 1981; Watkins, 1991). The debate over the onset of the fertility transition can be summarized by two hypotheses: individual adaptation of couples to the new constraints of modernization, or diffusion of a cultural innovation (Carlsson, 1966; Cleland and Wilson, 1987; for a recent review, see Kirk, 1996). The correspondence of the demographic boundaries of the transition areas with linguistic boundaries has been interpreted as proof of the existence of cultural barriers, and thus as negative evidence in favour of the innovation diffusion hypothesis (Lesthaeghe 1977; Watkins, 1991).


Male Wistar rate were treated with benfluorex, 50 mg/kg/p.p. daily for 7 days. The administration of benfluorex markedly increased the activity of ethoxycoumarin deethylase without increase of cytochrome P 450 levels in hepatic microsomes. The activity of bilirubin glucuronosyl transferase is so much increased with benfluorex than phenobarbital but this effects are not additive. Benfluorex alone affected the fatty acid composition of microsomal lecithins and when given with phenobarbital benfluorex modified the phenobarbital-induced changes in the fatty acid composition of microsomal lecithins. Electrophoresis of microsomal proteins showed non sensitive induction of any proteins with benfluorex.


Microscale ejector pumps offer the potential for
high flow rate pumping of gases, a functionality that is greatly
needed in MEMS technology. These pumps have many additional
characteristics, such as their simplicity of design and their lack
of moving parts, which favor them over other state-of-the-art MEMS
gas pumps. One of the challenges associated with driving ejector
pumps, however, is providing a compact source of motive fluid. This
fluid is the high-speed gas that drives the pumping action. The
current thesis presents a MEMS device capable of generating steam
at speeds suitable for driving an ejector pump in a compact
fashion. To that end, the device utilizes the homogeneous catalytic
decomposition of hydrogen peroxide. Analysis shows that a MEMS
ejector pump driven by this device is capable of handling mass flow
rates per unit pump volume on the order of 10-2 g/s/cm 3, which are
two orders of magnitude higher than those of state-of-the art MEMS
gas pumps. In addition to pumping, the steam generator may also be
used for microrocket thrust generation in micropropulsion
applications. In this thesis, the design, fabrication, testing, and
successful demonstration of the MEMS steam generator are presented.
The device consists of a mixing section for the peroxide and
catalyst streams, a reactor section where the peroxide decomposes,
and finally a nozzle section where the gaseous products of the
decomposition are accelerated to the required velocities. To design
the device, multidomain (chemical, thermal, and fluidic)
numerically-implemented modeling is used to study the underlying
physics and arrive at an optimized, microfabricatable design. The
modeling takes into account the key challenges of thermal
management, achieving fast mixing, and boundary layer compensation.
The device is then fabricated from a stack of four silicon wafers
and one Pyrex wafer using deep reactive ion etching and wafer
bonding. The modeling also guides the design of a micabased ceramic
package which provides both thermal insulation and piping ports.
The system is then experimentally tested using high-test hydrogen
peroxide and ferrous chloride tetrahydrate solution as the
catalyst. The overall initial peroxide mass fraction is varied
between 83% and 71%. The device is characterized using temperature
measurements, refractive index analysis, and visual inspection
during operation. Successful performance is demonstrated via the
full decomposition of the peroxide and the complete vaporization of
the water produced. The experimental results are also compared with
those from the simulation. Good agreement is observed between
experiment and theory, providing comprehensive model verification.
The realization and demonstration of this steam generator promise
significant enhancements in MEMS technology, particularly in the
fields of gas pumping and micropropulsion.


Using BP neural network prediction model is established, with the methods of principal component analysis was carried out on the statistical data, obtained the four principal components. Based on the results of principal component analysis, the BP neural network model is established. With principal component analysis (pca) for the input, with the result of data processing to solve more than men's decathlon single movement data and the correlation of each single performance is stronger for shall not influence brought by the prediction accuracy of forecasting model, to improve the prediction precision of the prediction model, extending the application of the BP neural network prediction model.


Balochistan should be oozing with optimism asnChinesenandnSaudininvestment pours into the troublednPakistaninprovince. It is not. Instead, Balochistan, a key node in China's Belt and Road initiative that bordersnIran, isngripped by anger, fear, and uncertainty.
n
Local residents are hardly waiting with bated breathnPakistani prime minister Imran Khan's visit this weeknfor the Gwadar Expo 2019 and groundbreaking of several infrastructure and development projects, including an International airport, a power plant, a vocational training institute, and a hospital.
n
Against the backdrop of a history of neglect and underdevelopment, resource-rich Balochistan struggles with a failing health and education system, drought, and lack of basic infrastructure.


Simple Summary Cancer becomes one of the major public health problems globally and the burden is expected to be increasing. Currently, both the medical and research communities have attempted an approach to nonconventional cancer therapies that can limit damage or loss of healthy tissues and be able to fully eradicate the cancer cells. In the last few decades, cancer immunotherapy becomes an important tactic for cancer treatment. Immunotherapy of cancer must activate the host's anti-tumor response by enhancing the innate immune system and the effector cell number, while, minimizing the host's suppressor mechanisms. However, many immunotherapies are still limited by poor therapeutic targeting and unwanted side effects. Hence, a deeper understanding of tumor immunology and antitumor immune responses is essential for further improvement of cancer immunotherapy. In addition, effective delivery systems are required to deliver immunotherapeutic agents to the site of interest (such as: to Tumor microenvironments, to Antigen-Presenting Cells, and to the other immune systems) to enhance their efficacy by minimizing off-targeted and unwanted cytotoxicity. Abstract In the last few decades, cancer immunotherapy becomes an important tactic for cancer treatment. However, some immunotherapy shows certain limitations including poor therapeutic targeting and unwanted side effects that hinder its use in clinics. Recently, several researchers are exploring an alternative methodology to overcome the above limitations. One of the emerging tracks in this field area is nano-immunotherapy which has gone through rapid progress and revealed considerable potentials to solve limitations related to immunotherapy. Targeted and stimuli-sensitive biocompatible nanoparticles (NPs) can be synthesized to deliver immunotherapeutic agents in their native conformations to the site of interest to enhance their antitumor activity and to enhance the survival rate of cancer patients. In this review, we have discussed cancer immunotherapy and the application of NPs in cancer immunotherapy, as a carrier of immunotherapeutic agents and as a direct immunomodulator.


Successful financing is critical for new ventures' survival and future sustainable growth. With the unique institutional characteristics, it is especially difficult for new ventures in emerging economies to transform innovation capital into favorable investor responses (such as willingness‐to‐pay, WTP) during the process of initial public offerings (IPOs). Based on the patent records from a unique sample of Chinese firms, we demonstrate that new ventures can successfully leverage innovation for higher WTP in IPOs contingent on the existence of venture capital ownership and reputable underwriter endorsements. These financial intermediates can send inside‐out and outside‐in signals to market investors to reduce information asymmetry. Our study contributes to research on the valuation of innovations in IPOs. We also provide practical implications to managers and investors of new ventures. We provide implication to managers and investors of new ventures on how to increase the benefits from innovations, which fosters national economic growth and social welfare.


Background: Prostate cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer in males and one of the leading causes of cancer-related death in men. Pretreatment assessment of prostate cancer is divided into detection, localization, and staging; accurate assessment is a prerequisite for optimal clinical management and therapy selection. The purpose of the study is to determine the diagnostic accuracy of multiparametric MRI for prostatic cancer detection using T2 weighted MR imaging, diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) and contrast enhanced MRI. To determine the use of MR spectroscopy in prostatic lesions. Methods: It is a prospective single institutional study done on 29 patients with prostate lesions and elevated PSA level. Axial, coronal and sagittal images were obtained using T1WI, T2WI and STIR sequences. Advanced sequences like Diffusion weighted images, Spectroscopy and post gadolinium T1WI were taken after the basic MRI images. Results: Study was done in 29 patients, age was ranging between 51years to 90 years, mean age is 70.7 years. On multiparametric MRI findings 45% were detected malignant lesions and 55% patients detected benign lesions. On biopsy correlation 42% of these cases turned out to be malignant and 58% as benign lesions. Detection of malignancy by T2WI imaging alone given sensitivity of 80.1% and specificity of 85.4%.By DWI alone sensitivity was 85.7% and specificity was 89.4%,on MRS sensitivity is 90.6% and specificity was 91.1%. Combined (MRI+DWI+MRS) gave sensitivity of 92.3% and specificity of 94.4% for detection of malignant prostatic lesion. Positive predictive value is 90% and negative predictive value was 88%. Conclusions: The best characterization of prostatic cancer in individual patients will most likely result from a multiparametric exam. Recent advances include additional functional and physiologic MR imaging techniques (diffusion weighted imaging, MR spectroscopy, and perfusion imaging), which allow extension of the obtainable information beyond anatomic assessment. Multiparametric MR imaging provides the highest accuracy in diagnosis and staging of prostate cancer.


This paper analyses the unemployment hysteresis in the Czech Republic on data from 1999 to 2016. The hysteresis is modelled by allowing for the impact of cyclical unemployment on the non-accelerating inflation rate of unemployment. Models are estimated using the Bayesian approach and provide robust evidence in favour of the hysteresis. The estimates imply that in response to an increase in the cyclical unemployment of 1 percentage point, the non-accelerating inflation rate of unemployment increases by 0.18 percentage points.


The relevance of skill job-worker mismatches is analized along with that of education mismatch on Spanish data from the European Community Household Panel (ECHP) survey for the year 2001. Statistical analysis for the prevalence of both types of mismatches, as well as econometric analysis of their wage and job satisfaction consequences has been carried out. Three main findings emerge. First, the degree of statistical association between education and skill mismatches is rather low in the Spanish labour market, suggesting that education mismatch is a rather poor proxy for skill mismatch. Second, both skill and education mismatches appear to have separate, negative effects on wages although skill mismatches show stronger influences. Third, skill mismatches severely reduce workers job satisfaction while the effects of education mismatch weakened when skill mismatches are accounted for. Consequently, skill mismatch is found to be a relevant determinant of wage, as well as a stronger predictor of workers' utility, than education mismatch.


The ANMM curator of exploration Dr. Nigel Erskine speaks to historian Professor Geoffrey Blainey AC about his latest book Sea of Dangers - Captain cook and his rivals. The author reveals that the book describes a search for the elusive southern continent and provides evidence that de Surville was believed to have been the first to cross the South Pacific from west-to-east.


In this paper, the sigma adaptive sliding mode control (SASMC) which is a combination of sliding mode control (SMC) and sigma adaptive law for a class of 2nd order nonlinear systems is developed. The proposed SASMC for the 2nd order nonlinear systems can overcome the drawbacks due to SMC. It can achieve a smaller mean tracking error than SMC, suppress chattering due to SMC, improve transient response due to modeling error, and reduce the gain of the controller.


History The confluent and reticulated variety of cutaneous papillomatosis was first reported by Gougerot and Carteaud 1-4 in 1927-1929. In 1932, they again discussed cutaneous papillomatoses, and to differentiate them from verrucous proliferative dermatoses proposed the following classification 5 : ( 1 ) punctate pigmented verrucous papillomatosis; (2) confluent and reticulated papillomatosis; (3) nummular and confluent papillomatosis. Cases of Group 2 have been reported in this country by Wise and Sachs, 6 Waisman, 7 and Young. 8 In a recent review of the world literature by Kesten and James, 9 37 cases were found, 1 previously presented by Kesten, and 2 reported for the first time. As originally described in two young men and two young women, the condition, which was considered neither congenital nor hereditary, had five features: Morphology.—The initial lesion is a discrete round red papule 1 to 2 mm. in size. This rapidly becomes gray, then brown,


Obtaining an optimized rout such that satisfies Quality factors of Service is a main problem in scope of optimum routings. The search of route that satisfies such multi-constraints as delay, jitter, cost and bandwidth in network can facilitate the solution to multi-media transmission. In this paper, we present a new intelligent routing algorithm QOS using swarm intelligence strategy of bee colony. Swarm intelligence is a relatively novel field. It addresses the study of the collective behaviors of systems made by many components that coordinate using decentralized controls and self-organization. In order to evaluate our strategy, simulation performed under coverage of one of current services of multimedia applications, Video Conference by means of Powerful Simulator of OPNET. Then by MATLAB software, we compared efficiency function of proposed method based on honey bee with genetic algorithm, other current heuristics in QOS. So the strength and accuracy of our method using performed simulations is clear.


16 The Hearing Journal May 2015 C linical management of elderly patients is complicated by the challenges of multimorbidity, with 50 percent of older adults having three or more chronic conditions.1 A guiding principle of patient-centered care in this population is the incorporation of patient preferences crucial for medical decision making.1 This principle is based on the concept of shared decision making, which is defined by its interactive nature, with collaborative participation throughout every step of the process.2,3 Such a cooperative effort between patients and clinicians adds to the value and quality of healthcare.4 Three domains of behavior are characteristic of shared decision making: eliciting the patient's feelings and beliefs, ensuring that the patient is adequately informed about the diagnosis and the expected benefits and harms of treatment options, and analyzing the decision and reaching closure once the outcomes of treatment options are understood.5 The table on page 18 lists the steps involved in achieving patient-centered care. Patient-centered care helps improve patient satisfaction, information recall, adherence, and quality of care. Reductions in healthcare costs and decreased disparities are important by-products of this approach.6,7


The paper brings new concept and useful technique, how to modify optical properties of different optical and optoelectronical devices by application of three dimensional (3D) photonic crystal structures made of polymer in the surface of photonic devices. This paper is focused on the design, fabrication and characterization of 3D woodpile structures based on IP-Dip polymer for application on photonic devices. The woodpile structures with period 500 nm was designed, simulated and fabricated for direct application on photonic devices by 3D laser lithography. The proposed photonic band gap was characterized from transmission measurement.


An algorithm for orthogonal 4-tap integer multiwavelet transforms is proposed. Some remarkable properties of orthogonal matrix are presented. Furthermore, the transform matrix is rewritten in a product of two block diagonal matrices and a permutation matrix by the singular value decomposition (SVD) of block recursive matrices. Each block of block diagonal matrices is factorized into triangular elementary reversible matrices (TERMs), which can map integers to integers by rounding arithmetic. Experiment results show that the proposed algorithm is an executable algorithm and outperforms the existing orthogonal 4-tap integer multiwavelet transform algorithm.


The ZigBee module ZM2410P0 is presented in this paper.Based on ZM-DEMO and ZigbeeCfg,configuration method of module parameters,hardware communication testing,design of ZigBee nodes are realized.The IOT of point to point and that of point to multipoints are established.Data transmission and debegging are realized through the network.


following Hu Guo'an's academic approach, Gao Kang, in his "Notes to the Spring and Autumn Annals", gives his explanation with idealist ideas, which show his sense of morality and political views. His work reflects the ethics and political thoughts of scholars of Simingluo school in the period of the Southern Dynasty. In the book he stresses feudal cardinal principles and "respecting the king and resisting the foreign invaders". It also expresses a series of ideas for managing state affairs which have distinct characteristics of the era. His work had certain impact on the study of "The Spring and Autumn Annals" in later years.


"The times they are a changin'." For a long time – and still long after Bob Dylan first sang this line in 1963 – philosophy departments and conferences in the United States and other Western countries have been populated by a lot of white males, and a gradually increasing number of white females, who have paid exclusive attention to philosophies rooted in the European tradition and its derivatives in places like North America. Today, with more and more departments (though sadly still few graduate programs) diversifying not only their faculty but also their offerings, with journals such as Comparative and Continental Philosophy, Philosophy East and West, and Critical Philosophy of Race, and with book series such as the Comparative and Continental Philosophy Series and Indiana University Press's series in World Philosophies, things are beginning to change – albeit slowly, and not without setbacks. In a provocative article recently published in "The Stone" column of The New York Times, philosophy professors Jay Garfield and Bryan W. Van Norden point out that "the vast majority of philosophy departments in the United States offer courses only on philosophy derived from Europe and the English-speaking world," and that "the profession as a whole remains resolutely Eurocentric," perpetuating "the perception that philosophy departments are nothing but temples to the achievement of males of European descent....Our recommendation is straightforward," they write:


. In 1993 in Ukok Plateau of the Kosh-Agachsky district of Altay Republic, in burial of the 5-3rd centuries B.C. Novosibirsk archeologists found a mummy of the young woman of pazyryksky culture of the Scythian period which journalists christened "the Ukoksky princess". The woman lay on a felt laying with a pillow under the head, on the right side in the pose sleeping with the legs and hands crossed on a stomach which are slightly bent in knees, and was covered by a fur cover with appliques from a gold foil in the form of a vegetable ornament. In ears "the Ukoksky princess" had gold earrings, all brush died was covered with pearls. Distinctive feature of a mummy is the rich tattoo on a body. It is hardly then the Novosibirsk scientists could assume that the discovery made by them will get a response not only from experts, but also will touch national issues among indigenous people of Mountain Altay – Altaians. Archaeological works became a basis of the broad social conflict. In the article history of return of a mummy of the young woman of the pazyryksky culture of the Scythian period to Altay Republic which is dug out in 1993 on mountain Ukok Plateau is considered. The author tells about the social resonance caused by exhibiting of a mummy.


The existence of an N1-free non-free abelian group has been known for over sixty years; the classic example of such a group is the Baer-Specker group, the cartesian product of countably many copies of the group Z of integers (Baer (11, see also Fuchs (51). In an unpublished paper Corner and Gobel [3] constructed an N1-free abelian group with trivial dual using the existence of infinitely many primes in Z. It is clear that a different method is needed to replace Z by a more general ring, for instance by the local ring jZ(,). The latter case is tackled in a recent paper by Gobel and Shelah (91, in which they construct N1-free R-modules with endomorphism algebra A where R is a countable principal ideal domain and A is a countable R-algebra with free R-module structure. Thus if we consider, for example, A = R then we have an indecomposable N1-free R-module.


Editions Spartacus is a volunteer-run French publishing house which aims to bring to the wider public forgotten or little-known works, or those that shed new light on how to bring about radical soc...


The concept of "green supply chain" puts forward new requirements for the recycling management of waste products. The waste electronic products are taken as the research object, and a two-stage closed-loop supply chain composed of a manufacturer, a retailer, and consumers is considered in this paper. By constructing a Stackelberg game model, the pricing strategy and profit distribution of the supply chain under different decision modes considering asymmetric powers are studied. Finally, Python is used for simulation. The results show that the gross profit of supply chain under decentralized decision is always lower than that under centralized decision-making, and asymmetric power has an impact on the pricing decision-making of forward supply chain and reverse supply chain; compared with transfer cost, wholesale price has a greater impact on coordination effect.


Photographs of a volcanic column in a recent eruption of Reventador show a prominently scalloped umbrella that is unlike any umbrella previously documented on a volcanic column. We propose that the scallops in this umbrella are the result of a turbulent Rayleigh–Taylor (RT) instability, a type of fluid instability with no precedents in volcanology. Negative buoyancy drives this instability, and we ascribe the unusual negative buoyancy of the Reventador umbrella to the fact that the Reventador column fed on a cool co‐ignimbrite cloud. From the wavelength of the scallops, we estimate a value for the eddy viscosity of the umbrella, νd ≈ 4,000 m2/s, the first such value to be inferred directly from an observation in the field. Collapse of the umbrella back to the ground could result in a previously unrecognized hazardous flow. We hope this work will elicit new reports on scalloped umbrellas and further study of the characteristics and evolution of such umbrellas.


For the transient protection of HVDC transmission lines, the transient interference signal of lightning stroke may cause the protection malfunction. Research on accurate and fast identification methods for lightning transients of HVDC transmission lines is of great significance to improve the reliability of power systems. This paper proposes a lightning stroke transient identification method based on deep belief network (DBN) and wavelet energy moment, using wavelet energy moment theory to extract the characteristics of three transient time-domain waveforms to generate sample sets, building a training unit based on the DBN algorithm to construct the basic reliability assignment of a transient signal identification framework. Finally, the transient signal discrimination result can be obtained through the decision rule. Through the example analysis of building a simulation model in PSCAD, the results show that DBN has a higher recognition accuracy rate than the shallow machine learning algorithms in transient identification, and at the same time verifies that the method has a certain practicability.


AIMS
This prospective, randomized study sought to directly compare the performance of paclitaxel and rapamycin on an otherwise identical, polymer-coated drug-eluting stent (DES) platform.

METHODS AND RESULTS
Stents with identical design and biodegradable polymeric coating that elute either rapamycin or paclitaxel over a 2 months time period were utilized. In this pilot trial that included 91 patients, both stent platforms proved safe with no case of death, Q-wave myocardial infarction or stent thrombosis within a 9 months follow-up period. Late-lumen loss was markedly greater in the paclitaxel-eluting stent group compared with the rapamycin-eluting stent group (0.96 +/- 0.75 vs. 0.33 +/- 0.46 mm, P < 0.0001). Likewise, the rate of angiographic restenosis was higher in the paclitaxel-eluting stent group compared with the rapamycin-eluting stent group [39.0 vs. 12.2%; relative risk (RR) 3.20 (95% confidence interval, 1.29-7.92), P = 0.005]. Concomitantly, the need for target lesion revascularization was higher in the paclitaxel-eluting stent group compared with the rapamycin-eluting stent group [26.7 vs. 8.7%; RR 3.07 (1.07-8.80), P = 0.02].

CONCLUSION
The results of this clinical trial that is the first to directly compare the performance of paclitaxel and rapamycin on a DES platform otherwise identical in design and polymeric coating imply that rapamycin is more effective for the prevention of coronary restenosis on a DES platform with mid-term drug release and less dependent on release kinetics than paclitaxel. Thus, to ensure efficacy, drug release from a paclitaxel-coating stent platform must be prolonged and well controlled to achieve results that are comparable with the FDA-approved paclitaxel-eluting stent platform.


The utility model relates to a wall-contact sucker rod overshot with guide shoes, which is used for the operation in an oil field. The utility model is composed of a righting guide mechanism which is composed of mushroom-shaped front guide shoes, T-shaped back guide shoes, a pressing spring and pressing blocks, wherein the top of each front guide shoe is provided with a guide needle, the four front and back guide shoes form a barrel shape in an interstice mode, the pressing blocks respectively clamp the clamp edges of the front and the back guide shoes, and the pressing blocks are fixed on the outer external surface of a sleeve barrel by screws. The pressing spring is arranged in a groove which is arranged at a rod part, and the tops of the front and the back guide shoes are all in inward chamfers. The utility model can conveniently and accurately salvage broken (dropped) sucker rods and increase the salvage success rate, and the utility model has the advantages of simple structure and convenient use.


The present study draws up a report of a final academic work of the Residency Teaching Program at Colegio Pedro II turned to the continued formation of teachers from state and municipal public schools of Rio de Janeiro. It describes a pedagogical project in the teaching of history concerning the Education of Young People and Adults carried out at Ciep 168 Ilda Silveira Rodrigues at Nova Iguacu, which was based on the interrelationships between work and citizenship at the intersection of historical temporalities. And more – the theoretical-methodological framework we take as a foundation as well as the project as a whole, from conception to results, are briefly explained.


This paper systematically reviews the multipath mitigation methods based on the Carrier-to-Noise-density ratio (C/N0) in Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS), according to the three core ideas of threshold selection, variance weighting, and error correction. It is concluded that the complexity of multipath signals poses challenges to these methods in practice. Thus, the methods may require antenna design techniques to function more efficiently, which provides a guideline for further exploration of the new multipath mitigation methods.


Background: Eberhard and the 'Philosophisches Magazin' It would be no exaggeration to claim that, by the end of the penultimate decade of the eighteenth century, Kant's Critical philosophy, and his Critique of Pure Reason (henceforth CPR) in particular, had brought about a revolution in German intellectual life. Inevitably, such a change was bound to be resisted, and the resistance from the dominant Wolffian school of metaphysics in the Leibnizian tradition was chiefly led by Johann August Eberhard (1739–1809). Eberhard took it upon himself, after the publication of the second edition of Kant's CPR in 1787, to organize a response to the spread of the new Critical philosophy. In 1788, he launched a new philosophical journal, the Philosophisches Magazin (PM), to which several Wolffians contributed. This journal was primarily designed to publish papers criticizing Kant's Critical philosophy from a Wolffian angle, and specifically aimed at opposing the views published in the Allgemeine Literatur-Zeitung (ALZ). The latter was a journal started in 1785 by C. G. Schütz, which was committed to the propagation and defence of the new Critical philosophy. Among its contributors were some of Kant's most prominent followers, especially Johann Friedrich Schultz (1739–1805) and Karl Leonhard Reinhold (1757–1823), who were keen to spare him the need to get involved in polemics, and thus allow him to concentrate fully upon the completion of the Critical system. They therefore took up the gauntlet, and assumed the responsibility of coordinating a Kantian response to the criticisms that were aimed at his philosophical system from various directions.


The impact of mold-filling and oxide film enclosure on gas porosity in A356 was investigated using a three-phase, fully-coupled, mold-filling and solidification simulation. For the prediction of gas porosity, a fourth hydrogen phase was added. At the solidification front hydrogen is rejected from the solid and accumulates in the melt. Pores nucleate if the solute gas exceeds the solubility limit. Air and melt are separated by a volume of fluid interface and special treatment of the hydrogen phase convection was necessary to limit the hydrogen to the melt. Folding of the melt surface was used as a source for oxide film entrainment. These oxide films were transported with the melt and used as nucleation sites for gas porosity formation. The influence of melt flow due to filling and oxide film distribution was analyzed using a simple 3-block test geometry. The test geometry was cast in A356 and analyzed by computer tomography to validate the porosity prediction.


What motivated the participants to join together was the recognition, based on several alarming reports, that over half of physicians in the United States and in other countries exhibit elements of job burnout, with even higher prevalence in some specialties. There was a sense of urgency that the time was overdue for academic institutions and health care centers to confront these issues and develop effective interventions, given deleterious consequences of practitioner burnout for patients and practitioners alike.