The invention discloses an energy-saving and an environment-friendly powder coating and a preparation method thereof. The energy-saving and an environment-friendly powder coating comprises the following composition raw materials: modified epoxy resin, high-density polyethylene resin, an organosilicone levelling agent, film-forming resin, polydimethylsiloxane, fatty amine, zinc powder, methacrylic resin, nanoscale titanium dioxide, 4,4'-diamido-diphenyl sulphone, resorcinol, bis-tetradecyl alcohol ester and chlorcosane. The powder coating disclosed by the invention is a green and environment-friendly coating which is non-toxic, is high-temperature-resistant, does not contain a solvent and is free from VOC (volatile organic compounds) discharge, and the powder coating disclosed by the invention is strong in surface levelling property and high in gloss retention, thus decoration property is improved; and the prepared finished product is high in pass percent, and capable of realizing industrialized mass production.


The current studies on the standard systems of emergency monitoring,the techniques of emergency monitoring,the quality assurance and quality control of emergency monitoring and emergency decision-making system were reviewed,and their problems were also pointed out.The key researches in emergency monitoring of sudden environmental pollution accidents were put forward.


INTRODUCTION Internet penetration among adult population in the US, people 18 years of age and above, is estimated at 73% or 147 million people (Madden, 2006). While rural adults lag behind urban and suburban adults in Internet usage as much as 8% (Horrigan and Murray, 2006), there is general consensus that Internet can improve perceptions about quality of life (Madden, 2006). Research also suggests that while rural users pursue many of the same online activities as their urban / suburban counterparts, they are less likely to engage in transactions (Bell, Reddy & Rainie, 2004). One reason could be that non-metro residents lack high-speed Internet facilities at home. In fact, Horrigan (2006) highlights a 15% gap in home broadband connection between rural and other residents. Another explanation for less use of the Internet by rural residents could be that they, being older, are more loyal to local land-based businesses with which they are more familiar and comfortable in transactions. In these cases, rural residents may buy essential, day-to-day products locally from land-based businesses and purchase hard to access products such as software, books, and plane tickets on-line. The literature generally lacks an analysis, rather than description, of Internet purchases by non-metro residents. This study contributes to the literature by addressing the following questions: i) Can the Internet purchasing behavior of non-metro residents be explained by type of good or service selected? ii) Is quality of life in non-metro communities influenced by access to high-speed Internet at home and, if so, how? THEORETICAL FOUNDATIONS AND RESEARCH HYPOTHESES Purchase Behavior It is a well-established fact that simple descriptive matrices, such as the Boston's Consulting Group's growth share matrix, are often used by business managers to analyze or predict business units' performance. Witness the popularity of "grid" analyses and prescriptions in publications such as the Harvard Business Review that are often read by business managers. One such grid analysis that summarizes four prominent theories of consumer behavior: utility maximizing economic theory, affective or emotions-laden behavioral theory, social theory, and stimulus-response psychology, is the Foote, Cone & Belding (FCB) matrix (Vaughn, 1986; Figure 1). The FCB matrix contends that purchase behavior varies for high versus low involvement products and those which require predominantly thinking or feeling judgment. Involvement is defined as a consumer's perceived riskiness of the purchase; a low risk purchase is categorized as low involvement and a "risky" purchase as high involvement (Rossiter, Percy & Donovan, 1991). The "think" and "feel" dimensions relate to motives for purchasing. Specifically, "thinking" products tend to solve or remove a problem; for example, Aspirin removes aches and pains. By contrast, "feeling goods" such as food and sweets stimulate and satisfy one's taste sensations and address sensory enjoyment needs. While space does not permit an explanation of all four theories included in FCB, the grid has been validated in 24 different nations, with general agreement among marketers that products such as shown in Figure 1, on average, represent each of the four cells. How can the FCB matrix explain and predict Internet purchase behavior? The Internet can provide both iconic (visual; relevant for "feeling" products; mainly used to elicit emotions) and echoic (oral; relevant for "thinking" products) learning in consumers. However personal income, or financial resources, strongly affects how much non-metro residents buy on the Internet. On this topic, it is well-documented that rural Americans, on average, have lower incomes than people living in metro areas (Horrigan & Murray 2006). Since financial resources often determine, or limit, consumption of "feeling" goods, we hypothesize that: H1: Non-metro residents will purchase more "thinking" goods than "feeling" goods on-line. …


The placement of simple saccharides within the micropores of the cell wall of never-dried pulp fibers to create a cellulose substitute is proposed as a means of reducing the fiber content, and hence the cost, of paper. The nature of the interaction between entombed monosaccharides, disaccharides, disaccharides, and trisaccharides and the cellulose matrix is discussed in terms sizes of the micropores and together with the extent and stereochemistry of the potential multiple hydrogen bonding between these two materials. This paper reports on methods for preparing such sugar-cellulose composites in which (a) a commercial never-dried softwood pulp was either prefilled with glucose or sucrose, as exemplars of monosaccharides and disaccharides, and converted into handsheets or (b) conventionally prepared wet handsheets were filled by a treatment with sugar solutions of various concentrations before the pressing stage of a standard papermaking procedure. Application : these findings demonstrate that, by a variety of practical methods, some of the pulp in a papermaking furnish can be replaced by lower-cost and abundantly available simple sugars. This replacement will reduce the overall cost of papermaking.


Background There are seven sirtuin genes in the mammalian genome. Each sirtuin gene contains multiple exons, and is likely to undergo alternative splicing, thereby increasing sirtuin gene diversity. Since the alternatively spliced isoforms tend to increase with advancing age, it is important to study the effect of sequence change on isoform function. Additionally, the divergence of isoform patterns between human and mouse will help us to properly interpret the findings from animal models, especially in age-related studies. Recently, more than 20 human sirtuin isoforms have been identified, but whether the mouse genome might have similar isoforms remains incompletely established. Methods The mRNA, protein and genomic DNA sequences of mouse sirtuin genes, as well as the transcription factor binding sites, including that of SRF, were analyzed. A cellular stress model with serum deprivation and restoration was used to reflect the blood supply and nutrients level changes in the ischemia and reperfusion condition, and the expression of sirtuin isoform was assessed. Results Here, we report the identification of 15 mouse sirtuin isoforms, of which over half have not been previously reported. Exon skipping was the main event, which led to domain losses in the nuclear localization signal, nucleolar localization signal, and/or the mitochondrial targeting sequence among sirtuin isoforms. Among 7 sirtuin genes, 6 mouse sirtuin genes had different exon numbers versus that of human sirtuin genes. Only the sirtuin-2 gene had the same number of exons in both human and mouse. However, there were differences in the sirtuin-2 gene isoforms and the regulatory domains between the two species. The expression of sirtuin gene isoforms under serum stress was also different. Conclusions Alternative splicing increases both sirtuin transcriptome and proteome diversity. However, the sirtuin isoforms were not well conserved between human and mouse, which should be taken into consideration when extrapolating animal studies for human physiology and pathology. Our results will help to elucidate the role of sirtuin genes in the regulation of cellular stress response, including ischemia and reperfusion. We propose that the existence of the CArG and CArG-like sequences in sirtuin genes may imply a role for SRF in the sirtuin family transcriptional regulation.


Present situation of teaching and college-enterprise cooperation of higher vocational education in China are analyzed.The feature of clothing specialty teaching in Liaoning province is introduced.In the practice,the teaching reform was carried out in a multi-dimensional mode giving priority to professional position abilities,thus making the students to fit in with the needs of the society.


Ultrasonic propagation in axially stressed metal resonators is examined from the standpoint of a propagating plane wave model. The theoretical results are compared with experimental data obtained with a new resonant instrument called an Ultrasonic Bolt Tensioning Monitor, capable of resolving changes in stress of less than 104 Pa (1 lb./in.2). The applied load produces a coupling to the acoustic resonant modes via a stress induced strain as well as a stress induced change in sound velocity. The coupling is shown to produce a linear relationship between load and resonant frequency characterized by a continuous wave stress acoustic constant R. Some geometrical considerations may impact R and are considered. For example, non‐parallelism is shown to have produced a severe degradation of signal for conventional transducers, and the accompanying stress gradients alter the value of R. Also, the percentage of length actually under load changes R and is shown to produce an effect predicted by the plane wave model....


Considered here are explosions from condensed TNT charges--where the expanded detonation products gases are rich in C and CO [1]. Mixing with air causes oxidation/combustion [2], which dramatically increases the pressure in confined systems (vid. Fig. 1). We treat this as an Inverse Problem: infer fuel consumption from the measured pressure P {triple_bond} {bar p}(t)/p{sub i}. The Model expounded here represents a valuable tool for extracting the evolution of combustion system from a readily measurable quantity (pressure). The Model establishes the fuel consumption history as well as the evolution of thermodynamic solution (specific volumes, energies and densities) of the components that will generate the observed pressure profile. This solution in Thermodynamic (State) Space provides extraordinarily clear insight into the combustion process, which is normally clouded by a myriad of transport processes that occur in physical space.


Deep 6.75um mid-IR ISOCAM observations were obtained of the Canada-France Redshift Survey (CFRS) 1415+52 field with the Infrared Space Observatory. The identification of the sources with optical counterparts is described in detail, and a classification scheme is devised which depends on the S/N of the detection and the inverse probability of chance coincidence. 83% of the 54 ISOCAM sources are identified with Iab 1 of the 44 S6.75um > 150uJy sources which are non-stellar (7 \"spectroscopic\" and 3 \"photometric\" stars excluded)


Traditionally, skyline and ranking queries have been treated separately as alternative ways of discovering interesting data in potentially large datasets. While ranking queries adopt a specific scoring function to rank tuples, skyline queries return the set of non-dominated tuples and are independent of attribute scales and scoring functions. Ranking queries are thus less general, but cheaper to compute and widely used. In this paper, we integrate these two approaches under the unifying framework of restricted skylines by applying the notion of dominance to a set of scoring functions of interest.


The merit of a proposed non-destructive method of assessing the breakdown voltage of stator-coil insulation by means of high-voltage direct current is examined. The proposal is to measure the steady-state leakage current at successive increments of applied voltage and predict a breakdown value from the trend of the plotted results.Laboratory tests applied to a range of specimens of sheet insulation, including a number with artificially-formed faults, indicate that the only breakdown which can be predicted by this method is that across air paths external to the specimen.Tests carried out on a complete high-voltage stator winding and on single stator coils give similar results. No assessment of slot-insulation quality is possible: the only increase in current, suggestive of approaching failure, results from end-winding leakage and discharge effects. Surface contamination of the end-winding and even quite extraneous discharges, when present, have a marked influence on the current measurements.It is concluded that the high-voltage d.c. method of testing investigated has no valid basis for non-destructively indicating the service-ability of the insulation of high-voltage machines.


An embodiment of the present invention relates to a method and a device for supplying power to a mobile terminal. The method for supplying power to the mobile terminal comprises: switching the mobile terminal into the state of supplying power via a temporary power supply when an input signal requiring for supplying power to the mobile terminal via the temporary power supply is sensed; and switching the mobile terminal into the state of supplying power via a main power supply or a replaced main power supply when electric quantity of the main power supply or the replaced main power supply is sensed to exceed a temporary power supply electric quantity threshold value. The device for supplying power to the mobile terminal comprises: a main power supply; a temporary power supply; and a controller configured for switching the mobile terminal into the state of battery hot plug when an input signal requiring for switching the mobile terminal into the state of battery hot plug is sensed, for switching the mobile terminal into the state of supplying power via the temporary power supply when an input signal requiring for supplying power to the mobile terminal via the temporary power supply is sensed, and for switching the mobile terminal into the state of supplying power via the main power supply or the replaced main power supply when electric quantity of the main power supply or the replaced main power supply is sensed to exceed a temporary power supply electric quantity threshold value.


Reduction of emissions of greenhouse gases is one of the key goals of European Comisions's (EC) plan about energy and climate change. Methods chosen for allocation of free carbon permits show that increase of electricity prices is an intended and expected effect in order to provide a signal to consumers, to save energy and consequently to reduce the emissions of CO2, and to generators, to promote disinvesting in CO2 intensive technology and to invest in non-emitting or low-emitting technologies. As a result of EU ETS implementation, two new rents appear (increase of capacity scarcity rent and carbon scarcity rent). At the same time, consumer surplus decreases as a consequence of the increase of power prices. Governments may feel tempted to limit the intensity of these redistributive effects through some regulatory measures which could distort the proper functioning of the markets and the signals derived from them. The new rents are essential to provide the necessary economic signal to promote a solution to the challenge of climate change through the development of a carbon-neutral power supply. Development of new nuclear capacity, hydro repowering, CCS and RES need an adequate price signal to be competitive.


The Applied Remote Sensing Cluster of the German Aerospace Center (DLR) is responsible for the establishment of the payload ground segment while the GeoForschungsZentrum Potsdam (GFZ) is in charge for the development of the science group and its activities for the future German hyperspectral satellite mission EnMAP (Environmental Mapping and Analysis Program), which is
planned to be launched in 2012. EnMAP covers the electromagnetic spectrum from 420 nm to 2450 nm with a spectral resolution of at least 10 nm and a spatial resolution of 30 m × 30 m with a swath width of 30 km. The primary goal of EnMAP is to quantify and analyze diagnostic parameters describing key processes on the Earth's surface during the five years of mission operations. The main focus here is on the processing chain which will obtain standardized products including radiometric, geometric, and atmospheric corrections. Extensive calibration and validation activities are foreseen to achieve high-quality and consistent data with respect to the same and other missions.


The patient, a baby boy, aged four months, had been slow to thrive, was dyspnreic with feeds and had recurrent bronchitis. Examination showed a pale, small baby with a pigeon chest and a forceful apex beat. The radial pulses were easily palpable, but the femoral pulses could not be felt. The liver was palpable three fingers' breadth below the costal margin, but there was no peripheral redema. At the apex there was a loud pansystolic murmur and a presystolic murmur. The blood pressure (by the flush method) was 120 mm, of mercury in the arms and 50 mm. of mercury in the legs. The X-ray film of the chest showed a large heart with a prominent left atrium and pulmonary plethora. There was electrocardiographic evidence of partial right bundle branch block. A diagnosis of coarctation of the aorta with possible fibroelastosis and ventricular septal defect was made, and treatment with digoxin was given. There was no significant difference in the baby's condition as a result of this treatment and during the subsequent weeks he continued to have recurrent respiratory infections.


To mitigate potential misinterpretation and security violations, software developers should use tools that reflect the state of web applications and visualise them as graphical models. Modelling helps to ensure that functionality and access control mechanisms are consistently interconnected. In this paper, we propose an approach to support Web application development using the Spring platform. Our proposal is supported by the Eclipse IDE plugin tool, which recognises Spring Security configuration captures, its notations, and visualises them in the role-based access control (RBAC) models. The RBAC models are represented using SecureUML modelling language. The plugin is validated through survey taken by software developers.


Apathy is a debilitating feature of many diseases, including Parkinson's disease. We tested the hypothesis that degeneration of the locus coeruleus-noradrenaline system contributes to apathy by modulating the relative weighting of prior beliefs about action outcomes. Participants with mild-to-moderate idiopathic Parkinson's disease (N=17) completed a double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study with 40 mg of the noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor atomoxetine. Prior weighting was inferred from psychophysical analysis of performance in an effort-based visuomotor task, and was confirmed as negatively correlated with apathy. Locus coeruleus integrity was assessed in vivo using magnetisation transfer imaging at 7T. The effect of atomoxetine depended on locus coeruleus integrity: participants with a more degenerate locus coeruleus showed a greater increase in prior weighting on atomoxetine versus placebo. The results indicate a contribution of the noradrenergic system to apathy and potential benefit from noradrenergic treatment of people with Parkinson's disease, subject to stratification according to locus coeruleus integrity.


Over the past two decades, fluoride effects on osteoclasts have been evaluated; however, its molecular mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the effect of fluoride on osteoclast formation, function, and regulation using osteoclasts formed from mice bone marrow macrophages treated with the receptor activator of NF‐κB ligand and macrophage colony‐stimulating factor. Our data showed that fluoride levels ≤ 8 mg/L had no effect on osteoclast formation; however, it significantly reduced osteoclast resorption at 0.5 mg/L. Fluoride activity on bone resorption occurred through the inhibition of nuclear factor of active T cells (NFAT) c1 expression. Furthermore, the expression of its downstream genes, including the dendritic cell‐specific transmembrane protein, c‐Src, the d2 isoform of vacuolar (H+) ATPase v0 domain, matrix metalloproteinase 9, and cathepsin K were decreased, leading to impaired osteoclast acidification, reduced secretion of proteolytic enzymes, and decreased bone resorption. In summary, our results suggested that fluoride has different roles in osteoclast formation and function. Fluoride ≤ 8 mg/L did not impact osteoclast formation; however, it significantly decreased the resorption activity of newly formed osteoclasts. The molecular mechanism of fluoride action may involve inhibition of NFATc1 and its downstream genes. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 29: 588–595, 2014.


The paper presents the evolution and causes of ROBOR growth between May 2013 and July 2018, bringing arguments that invalidate some opinions advocated by the pro-bank analysts' choir on the determinants of the ROBOR index growth. Our analysis led us to the conclusion that inflation in July 2017 to date means a small part of ROBOR's increase, and considering bank liquidity as responsible for ROBOR growth is inadequate. The ROBOR value is the effect of a bilateral oligopolistic market, and this value (imposed in the calculation of interest) distorts the credit market.


Objective To explore the clinical effect of digestive endoscopy combined with quadruple therapy in treatment of gastric ulcer bleeding and rebleeding. Methods 80 cases of patients with gastric ulcer hemorrhage from May 2012 to May 2014 in our hospital were randomly divided into study group and control group with 40 cases in each. The clinical effects of two groups were compared, eradication of the Hp standard, single factor and multi factors of rebleeding. Results The total efficiency rate of research group was 92.5%, significantly higher than that of the control group 80.0%, there were significant differences between the two groups(P 0.05). Two consecutive urea breath test negative determine theeradication of the Hp, observation of 38 cases of clearance, clearance rate was 95.0%; the control group of 33 cases of clearance, clearance rate was 82.5%, comparing the two groups had significant difference(x2 =7.654, P 0.05). Single factor influencing factors of rebleeding in A, B two groups in age, sex ratio, the difference was not significant(P 0.05), A group the amount of bleeding, ulcer stage A1 percentage was higher than B group(P 0.05), group A hemoglobin platelet, whether endoscopic treatment were small percentage in group B(P 0.05). Many factors affect the re bleeding, endoscopic therapy, lower hemoglobin, ulcer stage A1 were risk factors of rebleeding. Conclusion Endoscopy combined with quadruple therapy in treatment of gastric ulcerbleeding, rebleeding risk factors including endoscopic therapy, lower hemoglobin, ulcer stage A1.


Analysis features of combined FM-AM modulated signals in fast-acting radio electronic systems including radio frequency identification systems (RFID) and short range radar systems (SRRS) are shown in this paper.


Is adapted to a vehicle seat assembly includes a seat cushion and a bottom, the bottom surface of the spacer having a pair of spaced apart opposing angled, and slidably engaging the seat cushion surface opposing angled so as to tilt with respect to the bottom of an alternative orientation. The seat further comprises a resistance element having a bottom seat cushion held in a desired orientation with respect to. Further comprising a seat cushion can be adjusted in a disengaged position for allowing the orientation of the seat cushion within a predetermined limit determined by the angled surface and the engaging member so as to limit the resistance of the seat cushion relative to the slide member moves between an engaged position of the bottom .


The Bax inhibitor-1 (BI-1) is an anti-apoptotic protein that is located in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membranes and protects cells from ER stress-induced apoptosis. The ER is associated with generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) through oxidative protein folding. This study examined the role of BI-1 in the regulation of ER stress-induced accumulation of ROS and expression of unfolded protein response-associated proteins. BI-1 reduced the expression levels of glucose response protein 78, C/EBP homologous protein, phospho-eukaryotic initiation factor 2α, IRE1α, XBP-1, and phospho-JNK and inhibited the cleavage of ATF-6α p-90, leading to the inhibition of ROS. Although ROS scavengers offer some protection against ER stress-induced apoptosis, the expression of pro-apoptotic ER stress proteins was not affected. This study shows that the response of unfolded proteins is followed by ROS accumulation under ER stress, which is regulated in BI-1 cells. The mechanism for these BI-1-associated functions involves the expression of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) through nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2. In BI-1 cells, the transfection of HO-1 small interfering RNA completely abolished the BI-1-induced protection. The endogenous expression of HO-1 through ER stress-initiated ROS is believed to be as a protection signal. In conclusion, these observations suggest that BI-1 can inhibit the ER stress proteins as well as the accumulation of ROS, thereby protecting the cells. Moreover, HO-1 plays an important role in the BI-1-associated protection against ER stress.


Since the Supreme Court's decision in Omnicare, Inc. v. Laborers District Council Construction Industry Pension Fund, federal courts have differed significantly in their understanding of the scope of the Supreme Court's holding, which addressed liability under Section 11 of the Securities Act of 1933 for statements of opinion that were false or misleading. Since the Supreme Court's decision, numerous courts have begun to apply Omnicare beyond Section 11 claims to securities claims brought under Section 10(b) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and Rule 10b-5 promulgated thereunder. However, these courts have failed to adequately address any limits that should be placed on Omnicare's holding in the Section 10(b) context. Most importantly, courts have been combining their analyses of the falsity and scienter requirements of Section 10(b) claims. By doing so, they have created a blurred line regarding the mental-state requirements for scienter by using language that resembles negligence, which is not sufficient to adequately plead scienter. This Article highlights these courts' analyses and proposes a solution for how to properly apply Omnicare to claims brought under Section 10(b) and Rule 10b-5.


Laccases are the widely distributed oxidative enzymes belong to the group of phenoloxidases. These are considered as model enzymes and widely distributed in nature. Bacterial laccases have extremophilic nature and several other unique properties that are not features of fungal laccase such as hightemperature stability and pH. The present study focused on the optimization of laccase production from Bacillus sp. AKRC01 under submerged fermentation state using agro-waste as the substrate. The optimized environmental conditions such as incubation period 96 hours, temperature 35°C and pH 8.0 were obtained maximum enzyme production 3.832 U/ml. In addition, optimized the carbon and nitrogen sources such as 2.0% glucose (4.967 U/mL) and 1.0% peptone (6.236 U/mL) resulted in maximum enzyme production with rice bran as an effective agro-waste substrate. Laccase enzyme was partially purified via ammonium sulfate precipitation method and chromatography using the sephadex column and determination of the molecular weight of 61 kDa compared with the protein ladder was done by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The findings of this study demonstrated the ability of Bacillus sp. AKRC01 using low-cost agro-waste for laccase production. Laccases are important enzymes that have several industrial applications such as bioremediation, bio pulping and food industry.


Border security has become increasingly important since 9-11. Yet the benefits of globalization depend on moving people and goods across national boundaries. How can we improve border security without losing the benefits of openness?


The term `culturally refracted contexts` means the distorted, twisted, and fixed contexts which have lost the functional roles of the social...


This study is based on our research analysis of 136 cases of Apert syndrome, 61 cases of Crouzon syndrome, and a large number of patients with Pfeiffer syndrome. For Apert syndrome, the following topics are discussed: growth and development; visceral anomalies; central nervous system; performance; craniofacial findings; upper and lower respiratory compromise; anomalies of the hands, feet, shoulders, elbows, hips, knees, rib cage, and spine, including histologic, radiographic, and longitudinal data; cutaneous manifestations; prenatal diagnosis; and molecular genetics. For Crouzon syndrome, the following topics are discussed: central nervous system; upper and lower respiratory compromise; cervical anomalies; radiographic findings; craniofacial abnormalities; ophthalmologic, aural, and oral findings; and molecular genetics. For Pfeiffer syndrome, the following topics are discussed: subtypes of Pfeiffer syndrome; craniofacial features; central nervous system; hands and feet; vertebral abnormalities;other skeletal findings; miscellaneous abnormalities; and molecular genetics.


In this paper, we present a tribute to Professor C. L. (David) Liu for his numerous contributions in the field of the physical design of VLSI circuits by highlighting some of his work in the area of routing in general, and performance-driven routing in particular. We point out how he pioneered several important problem formulations along with elegant algorithmic solutions for them, often 5-10 years ahead of the time when they would become important in the semiconductor industry. More specifically, we present a brief discussion of his work on the problems of interconnect crosstalk optimization and performance-driven layer assignment, showing how it influenced subsequent academic research as well as the evolution of industrial layout tools, as an illustration of his visionary and transformative approach to physical design.


Scientific and technological progress, the economization and technologization of all spheres of life have led to the loss of its significance as «science of the spirit». Classical philosophical reflections are being replaced by the «philosophy of being» and «hermeneutic discourses». Humanitarian thinking cannot occur without serious methodological structuring into the main components – spirit and soul. The spirit is that being that knows and through this knowledge defines itself. Spirit is freedom, just as freedom is a substance of spirit. Consistency: life → soul → consciousness → self-consciousness can be represented as certain stages of the evolution of the spirit, its consistent concentration in itself, entry into the inner being (of life) itself. This evolution, on the one hand, presupposes a gradual abstraction, distraction from the external corporeal, but, on the other hand, it is accompanied by a complication, a variety of this external, enrichment of the forms of corporeal being and its connections with the inner, spiritual being. Considering the well-known anthropological triad (body, soul, spirit) and comparing the spiritual and the bodily, one should give preference to the supremacy of the spirit over the body, the primacy of thought and feeling over action, requiring mental effort. So, the active state of the mind, soul and spirit of a person determines the direction of the process of "humanization", forms important methodological dominants of the anthropology of law. The anthropology of law (positive and natural), in general, is the doctrine of man as a creature, which is created by the legal order. This process is filled with both ontological and deontological content. It should be noted that man is a cosmoplanetary phenomenon: the Universe is concentrated in it. The structure of man repeats its structure, therefore, the study of the nature of man is the key to knowledge of the Universe, a factor in understanding law. A real thinker is not looking for simplified solutions and is always ready to clarify his views, opening up new facets of an endless problem.


Seven decades separate us from the time when the workers raised the scarlet banner of revolution on the barricades of the Krasnaia Presnia district. The December armed insurrection in Moscow was the high point of development of the first Russian bourgeois-democratic revolution, which occurred in 1905-1907. Seventy years are enough to permit a comprehensive evaluation of the historic significance of the events of 1905, which exercised a lasting influence on the whole subsequent development of the world movement for liberation.


An untargeted foodomics strategy based on ultra high performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole orbitrap and chemometrics was used to observe subtle differences in the molecule profiles of raw milk from different animal species (cow milk, goat milk and water buffalo milk), which could prevent the fraud activities in the dairy industry. In data-dependent acquisition (DIA), spectra for all precursor ions facilitated the comprehensive identification of unknown compounds in untargeted foodomics. Chemometrics techniques were used to analyse large amounts of complex data to observe the separation of different sample groups and find the potential markers of sample groups. Finally, five markers were putatively identified by potential markers identification workflow. The quantification results showed that β-carotene was found only in cow milk, ergocalciferol was found only in water buffalo milk, and the content of nonanoic acid, decanoic acid and octanoic acid in goat milk was higher than that in cow milk and water buffalo milk. The quantification of β-carotene enabled the detection of cow milk with a sensitivity threshold of 5% (w/w). This work provided an efficient approach for the discrimination of cow milk, goat milk and water buffalo milk. Compared with proteomics and genomics, the simpler analytical procedures, lower costs and higher speed of this work make it is of great benefit to routine operations.


Magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs) with partially oxidized 9-Aring AlOx-barriers were recently shown to have the necessary characteristics to be used as magnetoresistive sensors in high-density storage devices. Here we study dielectric breakdown in such underoxidized MTJs, focusing on its dependence on tunnel junction area and oxidation time. A clear relation between breakdown mechanism and junction area is observed for the MTJs with the highest studied oxidation time: samples with large areas fail usually due to extrinsic causes (characterized by a smooth resistance decrease at dielectric breakdown). Small area junctions fail mainly through an intrinsic mechanism (sharp resistance decrease at breakdown). However, this dependence changes for lower oxidation times, with extrinsic breakdown becoming dominant. In fact, in the extremely underoxidized magnetic tunnel junctions, failure is exclusively related with extrinsic causes, independently of MTJ area. These results are related with the presence of defects in the barrier (weak spots that lead to intrinsic breakdown) and of metallic unoxidized Al nanoconstrictions (leading to extrinsic breakdown)


The theory of fermion particle densities in a confining linear scalar potential energy V(x)=g|x| is considered in both non-relativistic and relativistic quantum mechanics. In the former case, some analytic progress proves possible for weak potentials (small g), by consideration of the canonical density matrix, having the Slater sum as its diagonal element. For larger values of g, some numerical results for the fermion density ϱ(x) are presented, from essentially the properties of Airy functions. The influence of a non-zero value of the Compton wavelength λ =h/m 0 c, with m 0 the fermion rest mass, is then considered using relativistic Thomas–Fermi theory. For future work, the treatment of Hiller from the Dirac equation should prove amenable to numerical computation of the relativistic fermion density ϱλ (x), for comparison with the Thomas–Fermi results presented here. The possibility of relativistic and non-relativistic densities being related by a difference equation with an interval determined by λ is briefly referred to.


We consider a risk model with dependent two classes,where the claim number process of the first class is Erlang(2) process,and the second is its p-thinning process.At first,we get the integro-differential equation satisfied by the expected discounted penalty function by using the method of renewal,and hence Laplace transform of it is derived.Explicit result is derived when the claims of both classes are exponentially distributed.


How the shape of the tree crown is related to tree growth is still by and large unknown. Intuitively the crown shape should influence the loss of biomass during growth, as top-heavy crown shapes re ...


This article describes the architecture and the network communication of a large-scale, networked virtual environment, which is designed to specifically support closely-coupled collaboration in highly interactive scenarios. Its main goals are the maintenance of low latency during user interaction and fast multicasting of messages in order to fulfill consistency requirements. This is achieved by sophisticated message distribution techniques, peer-to-peer connections between interacting clients and a global hierarchical communication topology. Scalability is realised through partitioning the virtual world.


Digital image watermarking is a technique used for copyright protections of digital data. A digital watermark is a kind of marker covertly embedded in a noise-tolerant signal such as audio or image data. It is typically used to identify ownership of the copyright of such signal. This paper presents an efficient hybrid digital watermarking technique using DWT & DCT for copy right protection. In addition, a concise introduction about digital marking is presented along with its properties, techniques & attacks. The simulation results show that this algorithm has good robustness for some common image processing operations & also gives improved results in terms of PSNR & Correlation coefficients.


Bifunctional lethal for killing mosquitoes and their larvae containers, systems, methods, compositions and formulations. The inner container may have separate apertures separated by container waterline level larvicides adulticides coating. Another use of the new container may adulticides larvicidal mixed material. Adulticides paints, coatings and larvicide adulticides larvicidal mixed material can be used as a unique combination of inner liner.


Heat value and useful components of dyeing sludge can be reused with the combined process of cement kiln and dyeing sludge. However, the moisture of dyeing sludge is about 80% after the mechanical dehydrating units, which consumes a lot of energy resource in cement kiln. Different dewatering processes are compared, and the results depict that mechanical deeply dewatering and lime stabilization are of relatively simple operation and stable effect. Indirect drying and direct-indirect joint drying can effectively avoid the odor-problems. Therefore, the combined process of deep dewatering or lime stabilization and direct-indirect joint drying can reduce heating cost of drying and incineration process.The study provides a reference for dyeing sludge depth dehydration and the combined treating process of cement industry.


Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) is caused by a flavivirus, tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV). For decades TBE has been known to cause disease in Bornholm, a Danish island. A retrospective study was performed to identify undiagnosed cases of TBE among patients hospitalized with signs and symptoms of meningitis or encephalitis in the 5 y period 1994–1999. This investigation revealed 5 new, and initially undiagnosed cases of TBE. In total, 14 cases of TBE were found in the 7 y period 1994–2000; 2 patients were tourists and 12 cases were inhabitants in Bornholm, giving an incidence of 3.81 per 100,000 inhabitants. At least 5 patients (37.7%) had sequelae in concordance with the postencephalitic syndrome seen after TBE. In conclusion, the risk of being infected and developing TBE is still low among the population of Bornholm, but information about the disease and its sequelae is needed to form a basis for vaccination recommendations.


Vaccination with killed cells of Brucella abortus, Yersinia enterocolitica 0:9 and Salmonella neusdorf evoked cross-reacting antibodies in guinea pigs but only the homologous antigen effectively produced protective immunity to Br. abortus. None of these preparations induced protective immunity to Y. enterocolitica in gerbils but all stimulated protective immunity to S. landau in Balb/c mice. The antigenic determinants responsible for protective immunity to salmonella infection were located on the cross-reacting lipopolysaccharide-peptide agglutinogens of the brucella, yersinia and salmonella organisms. The protective effect could be passively transferred by serum and was probably mediated by IgM antibodies.


Background Cemented femoral stems have an excellent long-term outcome. Modern cement techniques should be used to optimize femoral stem fixation. Bleeding from the bone surface during cemented hip arthroplasty compromises the bone-cement interface. However, no studies have examined this bleeding in vivo nor the effect the different cleaning methods used. In the present study we evaluated bleeding patterns and efficacy of cleaning methods used in third generation cementing techniques. Methods We prospectively performed a medulloscopy with a 10 mm laparoscope in 200 primary hip arthroplasties. Intramedullary bleeding was evaluated after femoral canal preparation and use of the different cleaning methods. The femoral canal was divided into three areas to facilitate comparison. The intramedullary bleeding was standardized on a four point scale. A non-parametric repeated measures ANOVA was used for statistical analysis. Results Cotton swabs and brushes did not reduce the intramedullary bleeding significantly after broaching of the canal. Compared to these standard cleaning methods, pulsed lavage and the addition of brushing provided better blood removal (p Conclusion Most standard preparation techniques are insufficient to prepare the femoral canal before cement insertion. In case of severe intramedullary bleeding, an arterial bleeding should be ruled out and if necessary treated with the aid of diathermy tools. We recommend pulsed lavage combined with a brush and a canal filling tampon for femoral canal preparation in cemented primary hip arthroplasty for optimal reduction of intramedullary bleeding.


Objective To investigate the effects of different reperfusion sequence on hepatic warm ischemia-reperfusion injury and its related mechanisms.Methods Ninety-six healthy male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into 6 groups by using random digits method(n=16,each): Sham operation group,only shammed operation for negative control;the other 5 groups were all experimental groups,which were divided according to different reperfusion sequences of portal vein and hepatic artery: reperfusion first through the portal vein for 1 min with subsequent full reperfusion group,reperfusion first through the portal vein for 2 min with subsequent full reperfusion group,reperfusion first through the hepatic artery for 1 min with subsequent full reperfusion group,reperfusion first through the hepatic artery for 2 min with subsequent full reperfusion group,simultaneous reperfusion through the portal vein and hepatic artery group.Each group was further randomly divided into two subgroups(n=8,each) for sample collection at 2,4 hours after reperfusion respectively.Serum alanine aminotransferase(ALT),aspartate aminotransferase(AST) and malondialdehyde(MDA),superoxide dismutase(SOD) and glutathion(GSH) in hepatic tissue were detected respectively.HE staining of histopathologic slides was used to observe the morphological changes of hepatic tissue.TUNEL method was used to assess the apoptosis index(AI) of hepatocytes.Results The liver of rat was approximately normal in the sham operation group with lower levels of ALT,AST,MDA and AI,and higher levels of SOD and GSH as compared with all the experimental groups(P0.01).Less hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury was found in reperfusion first through the portal vein for 1 min with subsequent full reperfusion group,whose ALT,AST,MDA and AI levels were significantly lower than those of the other experimental groups(P0.05 or P0.01),and its SOD and GSH levels were higher than those of the other experimental groups(P0.05 or P0.01).HE staining also showed milder hepatic injury in reperfusion first through the portal vein for 1 min with subsequent full reperfusion group as compared with the other experimental groups.Conclusion Hepatic reperfusion first through portal vein for short time with subsequent full reperfusion could depress the synthesis of free oxygen radicals and suppress apoptosis of hepatocytes,thus relieving hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury.


Abstract Glossy Black-Cockatoos on Kangaroo Island, South Australia, rely primarily on the kernels contained in the seed-cones of the Drooping Sheoak (Allocasuarina verticillata) as their food source. This study expands on previous studies of Glossy Black-Cockatoos foraging on Kangaroo Island by examining selection of patches, trees, branches and cones. The Cockatoos appeared to maximise food intake per unit of foraging time by foraging in trees with higher seed-fill and kernel ratio. Although not conclusive, this study suggests breeding birds may be more selective of high seed-fill and kernel ratio than non-breeding birds. Within the canopy of the Sheoaks, the Cockatoos cropped cones from branches with high densities of cones present on them. The Cockatoos also showed a preference for foraging in large trees, which appears to reduce the number of movements they have to make between trees. This would both limit the energetic costs of foraging and limit exposure to predators.


Through the research on Taoistic philosophy of Lao Zi,the author introduces the theoretical source of landscape aesthetics of Chinese traditional garden,proposes several aesthetic rules of Chinese traditional garden under the influences of Taoistic philosophic thoughts,and discusses the relationships and development process between theory and practice,in order to offer some design instructions for garden builder.


The Isotope Ratio Method (IRM) is a technique for estimating the energy or plutonium production in a fission reactor by measuring isotope ratios in non-fuel reactor components. The isotope ratios in these components can then be directly related to the cumulative energy production with standard reactor modeling methods.


We present a study of feedback controls of stochastic systems to track a prespecified probability density function (PDF). The moment equations of the response are used in the control design to illustrate the underlining issues. A hierarchical approach is proposed to design the control for tracking Gaussian and non-Gaussian PDFs. The control design approach is demonstrated with a simple example.Copyright © 2005 by ASME


A static-analytical apparatus with visual sapphire windows and pneumatic capillary samplers has been used to obtain new vapor−liquid equilibrium data for the N2 + C10H22 system over a wide temperature range from (344 to 563) K and at pressures up to 50 MPa. Equilibrium phase compositions and vapor−liquid equilibrium ratios are reported. The experimental data were modeled with the PR (Peng−Robinson) and PC-SAFT (perturbed-chain statistical association fluid theory) equations of state by using one-fluid mixing rules and a single temperature-independent interaction parameter. Results from the modeling effort showed that the PC-SAFT equation was superior to the PR equation in correlating the experimental data of the N2 + C10H22 system over the whole temperature, pressure, and composition range studied.


Hydrogen fuel produced by reforming contains, in addition to hydrogen, CO2, CO, sulphur compounds and small hydrocarbons in varying amount. The effect of CO2 and a few example hydrocarbons has been ...


Background Using data from the GARFIELD‐AF (Global Anticoagulant Registry in the FIELD–Atrial Fibrillation), we evaluated the impact of chronic kidney disease (CKD) stage on clinical outcomes in patients with newly diagnosed atrial fibrillation (AF). Methods and Results GARFIELD‐AF is a prospective registry of patients from 35 countries, including patients from Asia (China, India, Japan, Singapore, South Korea, and Thailand). Consecutive patients enrolled (2013–2016) were classified with no, mild, or moderate‐to‐severe CKD, based on the National Kidney Foundation's Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Initiative guidelines. Data on CKD status and outcomes were available for 33 024 of 34 854 patients (including 9491 patients from Asia); 10.9% (n=3613) had moderate‐to‐severe CKD, 16.9% (n=5595) mild CKD, and 72.1% (n=23 816) no CKD. The use of oral anticoagulants was influenced by stroke risk (ie, post hoc assessment of CHA 2 DS 2‐VASc score), but not by CKD stage. The quality of anticoagulant control with vitamin K antagonists did not differ with CKD stage. After adjusting for baseline characteristics and antithrombotic use, both mild and moderate‐to‐severe CKD were independent risk factors for all‐cause mortality. Moderate‐to‐severe CKD was independently associated with a higher risk of stroke/systemic embolism, major bleeding, new‐onset acute coronary syndrome, and new or worsening heart failure. The impact of moderate‐to‐severe CKD on mortality was significantly greater in patients from Asia than the rest of the world (P=0.001). Conclusions In GARFIELD‐AF, moderate‐to‐severe CKD was independently associated with stroke/systemic embolism, major bleeding, and mortality. The effect of moderate‐to‐severe CKD on mortality was even greater in patients from Asia than the rest of the world. Clinical Trial Registration URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT01090362.


In December 2016, the Ministry of Agriculture, Cooperation and Farmers Welfare, Government of India (GoI) in a notification endorsed the implementation of 'refuge-in-bag' (RIB) for Bt cotton and specified Bt trait purity standards and proportion of non-Bt refuge seeds in the blend. A subsequent notification directed the Bt seed companies to implement RIB with isogenic refuge, wherever available, and implement a complete shift to isogenic refuge by December 2019. This is a welcome move with the clear intentions of phased replacement of structured refuge, which was never adopted by the cotton farmers, with RIB. RIB is a method of delivering non-Bt refuge seeds into the field through blending (while packaging) a smaller but definite proportion of non-Bt refuge seeds with the larger proportion of Bt seeds in the same packet or bag, and hence the term 'refuge-in-bag'. A Bt cotton field with RIB will consist of non-Bt plants randomly interspersed among Bt-cotton plants in a pre-decided proportion, which is primarily determined by the control efficacy of the Bt product to the target pests. The recent notification specifies that the Bt trait purity of the blend should be between 90% and 95% and that of the isogenic non-Bt refuge seeds of the corresponding Bt hybrids between 5% and 10%. This notification is gazetted and is enforceable. Undeniably structured refuge is the superior resistance mitigating strategy, in the absence of which a RIB or 'seed-blend' of Bt and non-Bt seeds in a single bag is the next viable best option and would shift the onus of planting refuge from the farmer to the Bt seed producer. Technically, a 'refuge' area comprising of plants not expressing the Bt protein(s) is an integral part of all insectprotected Bt crops planted to delay the evolution of resistance in insects which the Bt crop controls. With insect resistance management (IRM) in mind, the Genetic Engineering Approval Committee (GEAC) in 2002 approved commercial cultivation of Bt cotton (Bollgard) with a requirement to plant 'refuge' crop of non-Bt cotton in five perimeter rows or 20% of total sown area, whichever is more. This is termed as 'structured' refuge. In line with the GEAC stipulation, the seed companies provided 120 g of non-Bt cotton seeds (could be isogenic or a similar hybrid with matching phenotype and fibre characteristics) to be planted as refuge, as a separate packet, within every larger packet of 450 g of Bt cotton seeds. In 2006, the dual Bt gene cotton, Bollgard II, was approved for commercial cultivation with the same refuge stipulation as the single Bt gene cotton. Considering the superior bollworm control efficacy of Bollgard II (=lower probability of resistance evolution), the size of refuge could have been reduced, thus possibly incentivizing planting of refuge. This did not happen and a possible opportunity was missed. In fact, refuge planting has been the Achilles heel for Bt cotton in India since 2002. The farmers avoid planting refuge because they want to maximize cotton yield from their fields by planting Bt cotton even in the 20% area earmarked for refuge. Essentially the farmers were more focused on the short-term economic gains rather than worry about resistance development. Economically, it is more compelling for Bt cotton farmers with small land holdings or marginal lands, where the need to secure the available yield is high. Also, farmers had to monitor the pest load on the refuge periodically to take insecticide spray decision so as to protect the yield in the refuge portion. The low refuge compliance situation continued till 2009 without any issues. However, resistance evolution to the Bt protein, Cry1Ac expressed by Bollgard was noticed in Gujarat in 2009 in pink bollworm (PBW) populations, one of the four key bollworms. Subsequently, resistance evolution to both Bt proteins, i.e. Cry1Ac and Cry2Ab was inferred when unusually high damage to Bollgard II crop was experienced in several states in Central and South India since 2015 kharif season. It is not surprising that Bt resistance was detected sequentially and specifically in PBW populations because conventional cotton is the only host (monophagous) on which PBW can feed and multiply in nature. In the absence or minimal amount of non-Bt cotton refuge across ~11 million ha (>95% of cotton area) and with minimal 'desi' (diploid) cotton area (1–2%), PBW populations evidently have been under high selection pressure to evolve resistance. Low compliance on refuge planting is not unique to India, but is global. Refuge compliance issues have been a concern in USA, where farmers are obligated to plant structured refuge by an agreement. However, technology generators and the US Environmental Protection Agency quickly moved ahead and optimized a seed-blend refuge for Bt maize in which refuge seeds were delivered through blending of Bt (95%) and non-Bt (5%) seeds in a single bag. This method of refuge delivery was approved for Bt maize stacked with herbicide tolerance in USA and Canada in 2011 and Vietnam in 2014 (ref. 6). RIB is not appropriate for single Bt toxin cotton because, first the refuge size would have to be large and, secondly, potential issues due to movement of Helicoverpa armigera and Spodoptera litura larvae between Bt and refuge plants. Several studies have shown increased movement of Heliothis zea larvae in RIB layout, and mathematical modelling has shown an accelerated resistance evolution in RIB (2–4.5-fold).


To the Editor: We read with interest the article ''Glaucoma After Ocular Contusion'' by Girkin et al in the Journal of Glaucoma (December 2005). The study evaluated risk factors for the development of posttraumatic glaucoma after ocular contusion utilizing a large data base from the United States Eye Injury Registry. Several independently predictive factors were found to be significantly associated with the development of posttraumatic glaucoma within 6 months after injury, including poor initial visual acuity, advanced age, lens injury, angle recession, and hyphema. We are concerned with the definition of glaucoma in this study. The authors state that ''cases were defined as having developed posttraumatic glaucoma within the 6-month follow-up period based upon the 6-month report form, as determined by the physician submitting the form. The physician's opinion was based upon the presence of elevated [intraocular pressure] IOP, optic disc, and/or visual field abnormality consistent with glaucoma.'' In addition to the inherent wide variability in interpreting visual field defects and reporting optic disc changes among the large numbers of participating physicians, the criteria for ''elevated IOP'' were not clearly stated. Was an IOP of Z23mm Hg on any single occasion after trauma considered posttraumatic glaucoma, or only if the IOP was Z23mm Hg at the 6-month visit? Detecting a change in the optic disc can be quite challenging without imaging, such as stereo disc photographs, optical coherence tomography, GDx, or HRT. Had these been utilized in the study? Furthermore, what was the strategy for visual field testing? What were the criteria for abnormal visual field, and were visual fields repeated to confirm the change? Some eyes might have had only transient IOP elevations, developed visual field changes due to traumatic injury to the retina or optic nerve, or had disc pallor that was secondary to traumatic optic neuropathy. Had these eyes been included in the study population as having glaucoma, the associations detected in the study might be much less meaningful. It would have been helpful if more information concerning the precise criteria that were used by the reporting ophthalmologists to make a diagnosis of glaucoma were supplied to the reader to allow better assessment of the value of the associations that were detected in this study.


This study aims to look at the forms of work motivation that are applied in increasing the productivity of employees of the Bantaeng Regency Statistics Office, and to determine the factors that influence employee motivation. This type of research is a case study with the reason that this study is specific to clearly describe the meaning or phenomenon that occurs. This study also uses the naturalistic paradigm approach (qualitative) to analyze and construct employees who are directed to obtain data based on empirical facts. Data analysis was carried out by data reduction focused on selecting, simplifying, abstracting and transforming crude data from field notes, followed by data presentation and conclusion drawing. The results of this study indicate that the reciprocal system looks at the three indicators, namely: 1) Providing work motivation to employees through the level of well-being, 2) promotion and 3) the completeness of office facilities and infrastructure can produce increasing levels of productivity, giving motivation through promotion have a positive impact because employees have the ability to create effectiveness and efficiency in work, office facilities and infrastructure have undergone spontaneous changes, namely from manual to computerized systems.


Earthquake prediction is a very difficult problem all over the world. In order to forecast the earthquake correctly,it is necessary to track the whole forming process,pick the useful information after data fusion,signal processing and data transmission ,and give a correct judgment at last. Study of the network system for earthquake micro-precursor forecast is presented in detail in this serial paper,which includes model of earthquake,signal acquisition method,bedrock sensor network and data fusion,signal processing,design of network system,etc. The emphases are put on several kinds of central sensors applied in the bedrock sensor network in this paper,including liquid crystal micro-displacement sensor,thermo chromic-optical fiber sensor,laser Doppler vibration sensor,bedrock micro-breakup sensor,etc.


Abstract:Despite frequent attention in contemporary culture, little empirical research has been done on acceptance of female public toplessness during the past 20 years. As a replication and extension of prior work (Fischtein et al., 2005), an international survey of 314 women and 86 men reported their opinions toward the legality of female toplessness in three public settings. Overall, support ranged from 58% to 76% and was higher than observed in prior surveys from the 1990s. Context, or the specific location where toplessness occurs, remained an important consideration for support. In addition, demographic and attitudinal factors served to predict support and opposition to public toplessness. Specifically, higher religiosity and lower attitudes toward sexual permissiveness were associated with opposition to public toplessness, whereas, lower child protectiveness beliefs and lower trait disgust sensitivity were associated with support of public toplessness. Although men were generally more supportive of public toplessness, gender did not emerge as a significant predictor. Sampling differences and concerted efforts through social media and political campaigns that occurred between prior surveys and the current study may explain, at least in part, the increased overall support and lack of gender differences. As such, these findings may have important societal and legal implications for the acceptance of female public toplessness.


Objective:To explore the expression and significance of interleukin-8(IL-8) mRNA in tissues of oral squamous cell carcinoma(OSCC).Methods:The expression of IL-8 mRNA in 35 OSCC tissue samples and 15 normal oral mucosa tissues was detected by real-time PCR.Moreover,the relationship between the IL-8 mRNA expression and clinical features was assessed using SPSS 13.0 software.Results:① Expression intensity of IL-8 mRNA was significantly increased in tumor tissues compared with normal oral mucosa(P0.05).② The IL-8 mRNA level in tissues of poorly differentiated(stages III-IV) OSCC was significantly higher than those in patients of moderate differentiated(stages I-II) OSCC(P0.05).Conclusion:IL-8 mRNA increased significantly in OSCC tissues.The expression level of IL-8 manifested positive correlation to tumor differentiation and clinical stages.


In this contribution a layered shell element for the computation of laminated structures is proposed. The shell kinematic is based on the Reissner‐Mindlin theory with an inextensible director field. Further a multi‐field functional is introduced including the global shell equations and additional Euler‐Lagrange equations. These Euler‐Lagrange equations enforce the correct shape of warping through the thickness and lead to continuous transverse shear stresses at layer boundaries This leads to a mixed hybrid shell element, after elimination of stresses, warping and Lagrange parameters on element level. The resulting shell element has the usual 5 or 6 degrees of freedom per node, making it possible to apply this element to complex geometrical structures. An extension of the element to compute stresses in thickness direction is shown, in order to estimate and predict interlaminar failure. The computed results show good agreement with 3D solid shell models. Numerical examples for the computation of interlaminar shear and thickness normal stresses are shown and compared to results of 3D elements. (© 2017 Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)


Nowadays a series of valid international and domestic laws on territory should be the legal ground of our Chinese scope of territory.The framework of our territory must includ the following: land territory,internal water and territorial sea.Due to the territorial disputes with some of our contiguous countries,how to affirm the area of our territory precisely must be a complicated problem.


The Bayes estimators of the reliability performance for cold standby system are derived under the special experimental data,Bayes estimators are obtained by using squared error (SE) lost function.With respect to the value of the unkown hyper-parameter,a new method is given to estimate the hyper-parameter nalue.At last,the calculation formula of system reliability Bayes approximate confidence limits are obtained.The result have some theory value in practical applications.


The triangular mesh model obtained from the measured data in reverse engineering often contains a large amount of noise, disturbance and irregular triangles, which need to be smoothed to meet the requirements of subsequent processing. This paper analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of Laplacian smoothing method and Taubin method in terms of processing effect and operation efficiency. A smoothing method based on vertex classification and distance equalization is proposed in this paper to avoid the drawbacks of Laplace smoothing method and Taubin method. Vertex classification divides the vertices in the mesh model into feature vertices and normal vertices, so that different smoothing methods can be used for different vertices. The smoothing method based on distance equalization starts from the distance between the vertices of the mesh and the average plane of its neighbors, and takes the difference of the average plane distance from the adjacent vertices to its neighborhood as the weight to control the moving direction of the vertices, effectively maintaining the surface features of the model.


At a time when librarians are faced with greater and more diverse community needs, coupled with changes in technology and available resources, the development of a marketing approach should result in increased objectivity and responsiveness to individual needs. Marketing techniques are examined which should help librarians avoid the usual pitfalls and rescue difficult situations.


Graphitic nanostructures, e.g. carbon nanotubes (CNT) and graphene, have been proposed as ideal materials for spin conduction[1-7]; they have long electronic mean free paths[8] and small spin-orbit coupling[9], hence are expected to have very long spin-scattering times. In addition, spin injection and detection in graphene opens new opportunities to study exotic electronic states such as the quantum Hall[10,11] and quantum spin Hall[9] states, and spin-polarized edge states[12] in graphene ribbons. Here we perform the first non-local four-probe experiments[13] on graphene contacted by ferromagnetic Permalloy electrodes. We observe sharp switching and often sign-reversal of the non-local resistance at the coercive field of the electrodes, indicating definitively the presence of a spin current between injector and detector. The non-local resistance changes magnitude and sign quasi-periodically with back-gate voltage, and Fabry-Perot-like oscillations[6,14,15] are observed, consistent with quantum-coherent transport. The non-local resistance signal can be observed up to at least T = 300 K.


Light scalar mesons were studied in the framework of quark models. It is shown that, in the Quark Confinment Model (QCM), the description of these mesons requires the introduction of an additional term with the derivative in the Lagrangian of interaction. The parameters of the additional interaction were obtained, the mass of the f0(600) meson (mf0 = 500-515) was fitted from experimental data on the lengths of π scattering. Light scalar mesons were also (600) considered in the Confined Covariant Quark Model (CCQM), in which the interaction of a meson with quarks is non-local. In the framework of the CCQM, interactions with two-quark and four-quark currents were considered. It is shown that the S → PP decay form factor has the correct behavior in both schemes. This suggests that scalar mesons can be described as both two-quark and four-quark states.


A formulation of quantum mechanics is postulated which is based solely on a quasi-probability function on the classical phase space. It is then shown that this formulation is equivalent to the standard formulation, and that the quasiprobability function is exactly analogous to the density matrix of Dirac and von Neumann. The theory of measurement in this formulation is investigated, and the following remarkable results are derived. As is well known, the correspondence between classical functions of both the position and conjugate momentum and quantum mechanical operators is ambiguous because of noncommutativity. It is shown that the solution of this correspondence problem is completely equivalent to the solution of the eigenvalue problem. This result enables one to give a constructive method to compute eigenvalues and eigenfunctions. (auth)


It is generally acknowledged that using formative assessment properly can significantly improve student learning. Computers can be used in a number of ways to assist formative assessment. Unfortunately, currently available Computer Assisted Assessment applications and e-learning technologies do not support formative assessment of open-ended assignments tasks very well. This paper presents the results of a requirements analysis for transferring paper-based assessment skills into an e-learning environment to support formative assessment of electronically submitted assignments. A software system which satisfies the most important of these requirements is introduced.


BACKGROUND
The sit-and-reach test (SRT) used to measure low back and hamstring flexibility is more adequate when combined with hip joint angle (HJA) measurement. It is supposed that shortening of the gastrocnemius muscle could affect the SRT results.

OBJECTIVES
The purposes of the study were to investigate the relationship between the HJA and SRT and to verify the influence of the gastrocnemius.

METHODS
This is a cross-sectional study on healthy subjects. Two hundred subjects took part in the study: 100 males and 100 females aged 21.2 years (SD=1.7). The materials used were a sit-and-reach box with an adapted door to evaluate the influence of the gastrocnemius and a digital camera. Skin markers were positioned on the anterior superior iliac spine and greater trochanter. Two pictures were taken in the final position of the test, one with the door closed (with ankle dorsiflexed - DF) and the other with the door opened (with ankle plantarflexed - PF).

RESULTS
Moderate correlation was found between the HJA and SRT for DF and PF (r=0.48 e 0.44). The HJA with DF and PF were 95.5 masculine+/-18.6 masculine and 99.7 masculine+/-18 masculine (P<0.001), respectively.

CONCLUSIONS
Angular kinematic analysis is a reliable technique to measure the HJA. The results demonstrated the influence of the gastrocnemius; thus we suggest that the SRT be performed with free ankle joint mobility.


Until recently, surface irrigation in developing co untries has been a classic donoror government-driven public works and rent-seeking ope ration (Briscoe, 1999: 461) that systematically implied central public or parastatal management of operations. In subsistence irrigation agriculture, subsidization by Government is usually justified by ' adjustments for societal objectives ' (Rogers et al., 1998: 12), e.g. food security obj ectives, multiplier effects of irrigation agriculture, positive impact on rural development, income redistribution, and social benefits (Sampath, 1992: 968-969; Briscoe, 1 999: 480; Jamin et al., 2005: 66). Besides food self-sufficiency, achieving net profit over th e long term is the motivating factor that sustains irrigated agriculture. Economically accept able irrigation systems provide lifestyle and social options for farmers and also contribute to t he wider economy and community. Molden (2007: 60) reports that many studies indicate a mul tiplier effect of investment in irrigation in the range of 2.4 to 4, benefiting the whole economy .


The optimal tax theory holds that goods that lack flexibility in demand should be imposed more taxes in order to reduce additional burdens of tax income. But if these goods are consumed by low-incomers, then the tax should be imposed at a lower rate. This theory also holds that the optimal marginal tax rate for highest income consumers should be zero. These conclusions will hold true only under strict presumptions. Therefore, we cannot simply take some of these conclusions as universal principles in tax reform. Chinese tax reform must be carried out with more considerations of its national situation.


The rheological and thermal properties of kappa carrageenan (KC) and iota carrageenan (IC) solutions and their mixtures were studied using dynamic rheology and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Two-step gelation was observed for all KCl concentrations studied (0-70 mM), as seen from two steps of storage modulus (G') increase and two DSC peaks both on cooling and heating. Ion and water migration between KC and IC solutions was studied by forcing a macroscopic separation across a dialysis membrane. No redistribution of water or ions was found after curing gels for 24hrs, unless the temperature was far below the gelation temperature of KC. This result suggests that gelation of both polysaccharides is not sufficient to cause ion and water migration between KC and IC rich phases (in case phase-separation takes place).


The study of the contemporary image – and the transformations created by the introduction of the digital technologies – give us the opportunity to review the role of the image as a tool for knowledge and understanding of the world. The following paper, based on the formulation of a possible hypothesis for the birth of this concept (image), seeks to restore its original sense.


In order to understand fire efficiency of rocket assisted torpedo under countermeasure,we take hit probability as an indicator of fire efficiency and build a hit probability model according to the torpedo's typical anti-submarine course.We analyze the model in which noise jammer is used by submarine to counter incoming torpedo and discuss the counter-countermeasure strategy of the torpedo.According to simulation and calculation,the effects of the major fac-tors on hit probability are quantitatively analyzed based on noise jammer countermeasure.Simulation results indicate that both firing distance and navigational velocity of submarine are the main factors.Completeness of target information imposes great effect on hit probability.This study may redound to surface ships in effectively using rocket assisted tor-pedoes and enhancing anti-submarine capability.


This work was aimed at the development and validation of an economical colorimetric method for detection of cyanide in whole blood. The method was based on the reaction of hydrogen cyanide with vitamin B12. The hydrogen cyanide is released on acidification of the blood sample. The vitamin B12 was loaded on a strip of a commonly used filter paper by impregnating the strip in a 1.0% (w/v) solution of vitamin B12 under alkaline conditions. The limit of detection of this method was found to be 1.0 mg L−1 which is lower than the reported lethal blood concentration of cyanide (2.5 mg L−1). The method was free from interferences from the common gases including ammonia, carbon dioxide, arsine, phosphine and carbon monoxide, thiocyanate, organophosphate pesticides and nitrile-containing pesticides. This method was successfully employed for detection of cyanide in several cases reported to the forensic toxicology.


7-Phenyl-2(7H)-oxepinones are shown to be the initial photoproducts of 3-phenyl-2(3H)-oxepinones by the synthesis and reaction, and finally by the success of the actual isolation of the 3-methyl derivative from photolysis.


We study the noncommutative geometry of algebras of Lipschitz continuous and H\"older continuous functions where non-classical and novel differential geometric invariants arise. Indeed, we introduce a new class of Hochschild and cyclic cohomology classes that pair non-trivially with higher algebraic $K$-theory yet vanish when restricted to the algebra of smooth functions. Said cohomology classes provide additional methods to extract numerical invariants from Connes-Karoubi's relative sequence in $K$-theory.


Batch effects are unwanted data variations that may obscure biological signals, leading to bias or errors in subsequent data analyses. Effective evaluation and elimination of batch effects are necessary for omics data analysis. In order to facilitate the evaluation and correction of batch effects, here we present BatchSever, an open-source R/Shiny based user-friendly interactive graphical web platform for batch effects analysis. In BatchServer we introduced autoComBat, a modified version of ComBat, which is the most widely adopted tool for batch effect correction. BatchServer uses PVCA (Principal Variance Component Analysis) and UMAP (Manifold Approximation and Projection) for evaluation and visualizion of batch effects. We demonstate its application in multiple proteomics and transcriptomic data sets. BatchServer is provided at https://lifeinfo.shinyapps.io/batchserver/ as a web server. The source codes are freely available at https://github.com/guomics-lab/batch_server.


The invention relates to a chair for long term sitting, having a split front seat surface into two parts, with a support surface connects the two parts. The design of the chair with a control apparatus and a seat control mechanism is designed such that the seat comfort for small and tall people is improved both sexes.


Objectives To discuss the methods of retroperitoneal laparoscopy for ureteroplasty ,uretervesi-cnstomy in treating congenital obstractive megaureter(CM). Methods We performed 24 eases of CM (including 13 cases of open operations and 11 eases of retroperitoneal laparoscopy operations). Results Mean open operation time was 150 minutes (range from 120 to 180). Mean blood loss was 4oral(range from 60 to120) ,and 8-12days in hospital. Mean operation time of the retroperitoneal laparoscopy was 180 minutes (range from 120 to 240). Mean blood loss was 30ml(range from 20 to 40) ,and 5-8 days in hospital. Double J was removed in 3 months after opera-tions without complications. At a mean follow up of 12months(from 3 to 60) ,obstructions were diminished. Con-clusions Retroperitoneal laparoscopy is a feasible method for treatment of CM for its minimum invasion and less blood loss,and shows better outcome than open operatin.

Key words:
Ureler


The willingness to work and a high school diploma were once all that was needed to start one's career. The problem is that on the twentieth anniversary of the reports by the Secretary's Commission on Achieving Necessary Skills (SCANS), high school graduates may still lack what business and education leaders require for success in entry-level employment or post-secondary studies. The research question included understanding how prepared graduates from at-risk high schools are for post-secondary work or study. The study used a Likert-scaled survey to assess participant work readiness in 36 skill or competency areas. The sample consisted of recent graduates from three at-risk high schools in one school district. Graduate responses to the survey indicated that 64 per cent were not work ready. Statistically, results were consistent with the SCANS report that indicated that 51 per cent of all American high school graduates were underprepared. Pearson correlations were detected between the graduates' level of academic study (i.e., special education, tech-prep, college-prep, or honors) and work-readiness, and between pre-graduation work-experience and work-readiness. Implications for positive social change include improved graduate work readiness.


Student satisfaction has become an increasingly important component of institutional reports as a means of accountability to educational stakeholders. This study was carried out to evaluate students' satisfaction with the teacher´s performance during a pharmacology and clinical pharmacy course. The 30 students enrolled in the pharmacology course were asked to complete an anonymous survey instrument, using the following rating scale: poor (0.0 to 4.9), appropriate (5.0 to 6.9), good (7.0 to 8.4) and excellent (8.5 to 10.0). The survey instrument consisted of 15 items grouped in three sections: planning (3 items), development (8 items) and results (4 items). The survey instrument was developed and approved by the San Jorge University Technical Quality Unit involved in ensuring the quality of the subject taught at the university. An open-ended response section asked students to identify strengths and weaknesses in the teacher's performance. Twenty-two of the 23 students enrolled in the pharmacology course returned their survey instrument, resulting in a 95.6% response rate. The majority of students indicated an adequate satisfaction with the pharmacology teacher´s performance in all sections evaluated. Qualitative analyses of comments showed that most students expressed more time for the development and presentation of the final project seminar and replace pharmacoepidemiology issues by experimental pharmacology practices. This survey was a good start in identifying areas where professor development is needed and which teaching behaviors should be continued and need improvement.

 Key words: Clinical pharmacy, pharmacology, pharmacy student, teacher performance.


Quick setting dental impression materials are nothing new in the paleontology laboratory. In a paleontological note published in the Journal of Paleontology on "The Use of Dental Impression Material For Molding Macrofossils" (Quilty & Williams, 1975), the products Xantopren and Optosil were introduced as a simple and fast method of obtaining precision molds in 1-3 minutes. Since the mid-1970's these products have been replaced by vinyl polysiloxanes.


The nexus between growth of bank credit and economic growth is well established at national economy level. This study will add to the existing credit causal nexus between total credit and growth across the sub nat the effect of credit on economic growth. Kao's residual based cointegration test confirmed the long run association between bank credit and economic growth in 21 states of India for the period 2001 2014. The Dimetriu variables. Understanding the potential endogeneity issue, we employed Arellano dynamic panel estimation procedure problem in the model. The results of the present study revealed that bank credit, capital outlay and developmental expenditure have favorable effect on economic growth of the states. As regards policy implications, the government should public expenditure both in capital outlay and developmental expenditure to sustain higher economic growth.


The Ni-Ti shape memory alloy (NITINOL) was known as one of difficult materials to meet the dimensional accuracy because of the complex phase transformation and the shape recovery characteristics. In this study, a tube drawing process with mandrel was numerically and experimentally investigated for manufacturing precision NITINOL tube to identify the stable phase transformation condition to remove the R-phase by differential scanning calorimeter. To study the non-linear material and shape recovery behavior of the NITINOL, tension and loading-unloading tests were conducted with three test velocities of 1, 5, and 10 mm/min. The three dimensional finite element (FE) analyses were carried out using the ABAQUS with hyperelastic and Mullins effect model. The amount of the shape recovery was checked for the drawn tubes compared to the numerical results. According to the present investigation, it was found out that the stable phase transformation which improved the ductility and reduced the effect of shape recovery was occurred under the condition of the heat treatment at 700 ̊C for 30 min and the tensile test velocity of 10 mm/min. The FE results showed similar tendency of the stress-strain curves obtained from the experiments. Moreover, the amount of the shape recovery of the NITINOL could be predicted by the FE analysis. From the results of the FE analysis and the tube drawing with red copper and brass mandrel, the dimensional accuracy was found to be improved by using the brass mandrel, but the drawing stress was somewhat higher for the brass mandrel than the case using the red copper mandrel. In conclusion, the shape recovery effect of the NITINOL could be predicted by the FE analysis and the process condition determined by the current experiments could be helpful for the precision tube drawing of the NITINOL shape memory alloy tube. © 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. Peer-review under responsibility of the scientific committee of the International Conference on the Technology of Plasticity.


THE Meccano Magazine for March contains an illustrated article on this unique formation. The photographs give a vivid idea of the force of the impact, which shattered the rocks, and forced up great blocks of limestone. Mr. D. M. Barringer has for many years been making efforts to discover the meteor itself. Two vertical shafts were sunk near the centre of the crater, but there was no success, and the work was impeded by the influx of water, which turned the powdered rock-flour into a quicksand. Eventually experiments on the impact of projectiles led to the conclusion that oblique impacts give a nearly circular depression; Mr. Barringer had at first assumed that the meteor would lie under the centre of the pit, but further examination of the shattered rocks suggested that it had come from the north and was likely to lie under the southern edge of the pit. A shaft is now being sunk in undisturbed soil a quarter of a mile to the south of the pit; this will be continued to a depth of some 1,400 ft., and then a horizontal shaft will be run to the north, in the hope of encountering the meteor, which may be either a single great metal mass (in which case it is estimated to weigh some ten million tons) or a compact swarm of smaller masses. There is still some trouble from water, but it is hoped to overcome this by surrounding the shaft with reinforced concrete. Mr. Barringer has now been carrying on his arduous exploration for many years, and certainly deserves success. The article makes some estimates as to the date of the impact; it cannot be less than seven centuries ago, from the evidence of old trees growing on the rim; and it is thought to be less than five thousand years ago, from the fact that little erosion of the scattered blocks has taken place. Also the native Indians have a vague tradition of a fiery descent from heaven. Probably it may be dated between one and two thousand years ago.


With the formal study of natural languages, we have obtained some residual results which greatly increase our power of logical manipulation. Coupled with a computer, our language extends enormously the external logic of our computing device. This paper is concerned with a well-defined symbolic list processing language and a set of operators for this language. These operators, which we call morphisms, are themselves operators thereby giving us an indefinite nesting ability. We have defined a schematic representation of our operators (called a comb-scheme) and have then proceeded to describe a numbering technique which allows us to use these operators with a computer. Since our operators and lists are defined at the time of execution, our ability to change them is unlimited.The pattern of this paper is to build up from an alphabet to words, then non-connected words, then lists and the operations on lists and finally operations on the operations. We have taken, what we hope to be, descriptive examples in linguistics and non-linguistical applications in the hope of being representative of our language and easily understandable.


Smart farming may also be called digital farming. The world is changing and digitizing at a quick rate. So all the work from agriculture to the stock market will become more productive and faster. Speed and efficiency play a key role in coping with the rapid pace of life and growing population. Smart agriculture has removed many of the problems faced by farmers during the conventional farming process. Several technologies are useful in this field, which make them work comfortably. Productivity in all areas of this sector can be increased with the aid of new technologies such as IoT and big data. Data can be accessed and analyzed from any part of the world with the help of IoT devices. The chapter offers insight into technology, such as big data and IoT, its applications in smart farming, as well as future innovations and opportunities.


The Argmax‐Continuous Mapping Theorem (Argmax‐CMT) of Kim and Pollard resp. van derVaart and Wellner has been proved to be a very useful tool in statistics for deriving distributional convergence of M‐estimators. However it only works as long as the limit process possesses an almost sure unique maximizing point. In this article we prove an extension of the Argmax‐CMT where almost sure uniqueness is no longer needed. Moreover our Argmax‐CMT is also valid in the function space D(ℝ) equipped with Lindvall's version of the Skorokhod‐topology. As an example the result is applied to change‐point estimators.


The pronouncements of punishment for war crimes, crimes against humanity, and genocide by the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY) will be among its most important legacies for international law and international relations. The purpose of our research is to examine the judges' opinions on the determinants of punishment and, most especially, the data on sentences handed down by the trial chambers in order to understand which factors are the most powerful in explaining sentences. We find that there is a fair degree of consistency in the sentences conferred on the guilty. By systematically examining all the sentences both doctrinally and empirically we can see that sentences are premised on those critical factors that the judges are admonished to employ by the ICTY Statute and their own Rules of Procedure and Evidence.


As in other studied species the exclusively on the epithelial side existing 'fenestrated endothelium' of the pericryptal and subepithelial capillaries is doubtless the most important structural mark of the large intestinal function, too. Moreover, the direction of the mucosal capillary blood flow informs, that at first the release of the essential substances for the glandular secretion will take place, before epithelial transports concerning the resorption occur.


The major part of light weight timber constructions consists of insulation. Mineral wool is the most commonly used insulation due to its cost efficiency and easy handling. The fiber orientation and porosity of this insulation material enables flowthrough. The air flow resistance is low. If leakage occurs in the insulated bay section, the convective flow may cause energy losses and infiltration of the exterior wall with moisture and particles. In particular the infiltrated moisture may lead to thermal bridges and growth of health endangering mould and mildew. In order to prevent this problem, different numerical calculation models have been developed. All models developed so far have a potential for completion. The implementation of the flow-through properties of mineral wool insulation may help to improve the existing models. Assuming that the real pressure difference between interior and exterior surface is larger than the prescribed pressure difference in the standard test procedure for mineral wool ISO 9053 / EN 29053, measurements were performed using the measurement setup for research on convective moisture transfer "MSRCMT". These measurements show, that structural inhomogeneities of mineral wool effect the permeability only at higher pressure differences, as applied in MSRCMT. Additional microscopic investigations show, that the location of a leak within the construction has a crucial influence on the air flow-through and the infiltration rate. The results clearly indicate that the empirical values for the acoustic resistance of mineral wool should not be used for the calculation of convective transfer mechanisms. Keywords—convection, convective transfer, infiltration, mineral wool, permeability, resistance, leakage


Scholarization rate in secondary school in Argentina is quite high and though it has risen considerably during the last decade, lots of those who reach this level, are not able to conclude it. This study intends to shed light on the determinants of high school dropout in order to identify the students that are at risk and provide useful information to design safety net policies to prevent dropout. It uses micro data from the Permanent Household Survey (EPH) since 2003 corresponding to secondary school students aged 13-19. We identify as "students at risk" those who in a survey declare attending secondary school and in the following state that they no longer attend-in spite of not having graduated-. Our results were obtained from the logistic regression model and show, on the one hand, that men are at greater risk of dropping out of school; in the same way, those who work; those who are looking for work or those who belong to single-parent families. And on the other hand, students with higher per capita income are less likely to leave.


The present invention provides attachment and a trailing edge blade for a wind turbine blade, the trailing edge of the blade attachment comprising: a plurality of units serrations, saw unit fixedly mounted on the trailing edge of the blade, it comprises a plurality of saw-tooth serrations unit, away from the plurality of serrations shrinkage arrangement direction of the blade, the saw blade section tapers in a direction away from the blade. By using such serration means comprises a plurality of serrations of the present invention includes: a reasonable design, simple structure, easy to produce and can be controlled both from the noise sound source and transmission, thereby improving the advantage of noise reduction effect.


Objective
To investigate the clinical value of conventional ultrasonographic (US), US-guided diffuse optical tomography (US-guided DOT) and both combined to assess treatment response of breast cancer to neoadjuvant chemotherapy(NAC).

Methods
Eighty-eight breast cancer patients, totally 93 lesions were included in the study. Pre- and post-last chemotherapy, size, and total hemoglobin concentration (THC) of each lesion were measured by conventional US and US-guided DOT before biopsy, the change of lesion Size(ΔSize) and the change of THC(ΔTHC) were calculated respectively. Based on the guidelines to evaluate the response to treatment in solid tumors, the responses to NAC were classified into complete response, partial response, static disease, progressive disease groups. The histological response to chemotherapy were categorised as partial pathological response and complete pathological response using Miller and Payne system.

Results
Of 93 breast cancers, the overall response rate was 81.7%, the cPR rate was 24.7%. According to ROC curve analysis, when ΔSize 42.6% and ΔTHC 23.9% as cutoff values to evaluate the complete response and partial response, the area under the curve (AUC) were 0.666 and 0.751, respectively, the AUC of US and US-guided DOT combined in parallel and in series were 0.680 and 0.737 respectively. When ΔSize 64.5% and ΔTHC 27.2% as cutoff values to evaluate complete pathologial response, the AUC were 0.690 and 0.728 respectively, the AUC of US and US-guided DOT combined in parallel and in series were 0.693 and 0.726 respectively.

Conclusions
US-guided DOT and US can be used to predict breast cancers response to NAC, US and US-guided DOT combined in parallel and in series can not improve response prediction comparing with US or US-guided DOT alone.

Key words:
Ultrasonography; Diffuse optical tomography; Breast carcinoma; Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy; Total hemoglobin concentration


Dasycladalean green algae and some problematic algae from the Upper Triassic of the Nayband Formation (northeast Iran) This paper describes the dasycladales green algae from two sections of the Rhaetian Howz-e Khan Member of the Nayband Formation, northwest of the Dig-e Rostam motorway service area (south of the type locality of the Formation near the town Naybandan). Both sections are composed of bedded fine-grained limestones containing partly abundant dasycladales algae associated with foraminifers, which are mainly aulotortid types. Additionally scattered samples were collected from several beds of the Howz-e Khan Member in this area. The following dasycladalean taxa are described: Chinianella carpatica (Bystrický), Griphoporella curvata (Gümbel), Griphoporella lutensis nov. sp., some undetermined dasycladacean taxa, problematic algae like Lithocodium aggregatum Elliott, Bacinella irregularis Radoicic, and Thaumatoporella parvovesiculifera (Raineri). While Chinianella carpatica is not numerous and the other described algae are rare, Griphoporella curvata is extremely abundant in the investigated material. This paper describes Ch. carpatica for the first time from the Triassic of Iran and also includes a discussion of the strong variability of G. curvata. Additionally we include an informal description of a problematic fossil (animal: shell fragment?; plant: alga?).