Every economy employs certain procedures to address the growth and inflation dilemma. In the capitalistic economies of present day, the objectives of sustained growth and minimal inflation are achieved through the policies formulated by both fiscal and monetary authorities. In developing countries like Pakistan where both the authorities face the dilemma of meagre resources to achieve their objectives, it is pertinent to study the effects of government borrowing on macroeconomic dynamics. This study utilises a modified New Keynesian Model to study the impact of government borrowings on economic indicators like inflation, aggregate demand, interest rate and exchange rate. Both Law of One Price and Uncovered Interest Parity condition are relaxed. The data was taken for the period of 1975 to 2015. Rational expectation restrictions are identified by following Keating (1990). Johansen Cointegration (1990) is applied on the basis of the results of unit root test of stationarity to check the long run association between the variables. The responses of macroeconomic variables to government borrowing shocks and risk premium shocks are assessed with impulse response function. The results show that risk premium and cost push shocks are major sources of variations in government borrowing whereas none of the macroeconomic indicator is influenced significantly by government borrowing. Effective utilisation of the borrowings by the government is important for fiscal harmony and effective fiscal policy in the country.


Quantum light is described not only by a quantum state but also by the shape of the electromagnetic modes on which the state is defined. Optical precision measurements often estimate a ``mode parameter'' that determines properties such as frequency, temporal shape and the spatial distribution of the light field. By deriving quantum precision limits, we establish the fundamental bounds for mode parameter estimation. Our results reveal explicit mode-design recipes that enable the estimation of any mode parameter with quantum enhanced precision. Our approach provides practical methods for optimizing mode parameter estimation with relevant applications, including spatial and temporal positioning, spectroscopy, phase estimation, and superresolution imaging.


Objective To establish a HPLC method for determination of pantoprazole in enteric-coated micropill capsule. Methods Symetry C18 (4.6 mm×150 mm,5 μm)column was employed as a stationary,mixture of acetonitrile and phosphate buffer (70:30) as a mobile phase. The detection wavelength was 288 nm, the flow rate was 1.0 mL·min-1. Results The sample was well isolated under the condition. The linear relationship was good for pantoprazole at the range of 36-84 mg·L-1, the function was Y=13 130C+155 709 (r=0.999 7).The RSD of precision and recovery was less than 3% and the content of pantoprazole was 99.53%. Conclusion This method is accurate, convenient and fast, which is suitable for determination of pantoprazole in enteric-coated micropill capsule.


The revealed preference approach is used to construct a nonparametric test of the monopoly model and some simple generalizations of it, and the test is applied to data for the cigarette industry. It exploits the maintained hypothesis that variations in the excise tax charged on a package of cigarettes allow us to assess seller reactions to common exogenous variations in marginal cost. Results indicate that the monopoly hypothesis, and other simple models that do not embody at least a moderate amount of competition, serve as poor predictors of the effects of excise-tax changes on cigarette prices, sales, and revenues. Copyright 1987 by Blackwell Publishing Ltd.


Abstract A novel approach for analysing an optical fibre electric field sensor by using the finite element method is presented. A singlemode optical fibre carrying a transversely poled piezoelectric poly(vinylidene fluoride) polymer coating was successfully modelled by using three-dimensional analysis. The response of the optical fibre electric field sensor was determined over a wide frequency range from 100 Hz to 50MHz. The modelling predicts a phase shift of 0.019 rad V−1 m−1 in the low frequency (axially unconstrained) region and 0.000 82 rad V−1 m−1 in the high frequency (axially constrained) region. At frequencies higher than 7 MHz the optical response is dominated by radial resonances of the fibre—jacket composite. Good agreement exists between the resonance peaks predicted by the simulation and those theoretically calculated using composite theory.


Using the systematic investigation in fields and community parameters analysis by one way ANOVA, studies for the structure and dynamics of arthropod community in the fields of transgenic Bt cotton Lumianyan 34F1(A), conventional cotton Sumian 12(B) and Zhongmian 19(C) were conducted. The results showed that in the whole cotton growth period, the relative abundance of arthropod sub-communities in pest insects, predators and neutral insects were A(92.1%)B(85.4%)C( 77.9%), A(1.4%)B(1.5%)C(2.8%), and A(6.5%)B(13.1%)C(19.3%), respectively. The pest insect species number of 7.3 ± 0.3 species / 10 plants in A was significantly lower than that of 11.3 ± 1.3 species / 10 plants in C. The individual number of total community in A was 21 827.3±7 293.4 individuals / 10 plants, which was significantly higher than that of 12 079.0±1 056.7 individuals / 10 plants in B and 7 302.3±1 423.8 individuals / 10 plants in C. The pest insect individual number in A was 20 101.3 ± 4 198.6 individuals / 10 plants, which was significantly higher than that of 5 690.6 ± 881.1 individuals /10 plants in C. The predator individual number of 298.0 ± 12.7 individuals / 10 plants in A was significantly higher than that of 185.3 ± 17.4 individuals / 10 plants in B. The individual number of dominant species enemy T. octomaculatum in A was 33.0±1.0 individuals / 10 plants, which was significantly lower than that of 45.0±2.6 individuals / 10 plants in C. The individual number of dominant species enemy P. japonica in A was 145.6±34.4 individuals / 10 plants, which was significantly higher than that of 67.6±7.7 individuals / 10 plants in B and 59.3±24.1 individuals / 10 plants in C. The individual number of target pest insect A. gossypii in A was 18 810.6±7 105.0 individuals / 10 plants, which was significantly higher than that of 9 164.0±786.0 individuals / 10 plants in B and 4 790.0±890.9 individuals / 10 plants in C. The dominant index of total community in A was 0.745 7±0.041 3, which was significantly higher than that of 0.600 1±0.017 6 in B and 0.485 0±0.019 3 in C. The diversity index of total community in A was 0.589 1± 0.080 5, which was significantly lower than that of 0.846 1±0.048 7 in B and 1.072 4±0.053 2 in C. The pest insects diversity index in A was 0.262 9±0.093 9, which was significantly lower than that of 0.469 1±0.131 4 in C. The evenness index of total community in A was 0.176 7±0.022 4, which was significantly lower than that of 0.246 5±0.009 3 in B and 0.307 8±0.014 7 in C.


and video 5% product G Technical, Innovation and Creativity Diary and reflections report 5% process I Selfmanagement In PX, all projects are real and defined by external client/sponsors from the industry, or by researchers. PX does not use 'artificial' projects defined by academics. Clients/sponsors specify the project requirements, as in the IT industry. They are interested in getting all the requirements met in the final product. Each PX group has a supervisor/mentor who guides and monitors the students throughout the semester. The supervisor meets the group every week and grades the assessment tasks, except for the final presentation (10%). This regular contact with students, gives the academic-supervisor insights into the group dynamics. At the end of the session, a panel of academics (5-8 members), marks the final presentations of all student groups. This panel includes academic-supervisors, and other academics, who are not supervising students in that semester. The academic-panel has the opportunity to see all the projects on 'one stage'. This gives them the ability to objectively evaluate the outcome of a project in comparison to other projects. PX is run in Autumn (March-May) and Spring (August-October) sessions over 14 weeks. Project sourcing and grouping tasks are done before the start of the semester by the PX coordinator. In week 15, students give a presentation to the academic-panel. During week 16-17 grading is carried out by the PX coordinator in consultation with the supervisors. System for Individual Grading in Capstone


Large stellar telescope is indispensable for astronomy. Aperture synthesis is a well-known technique to simulate a large space telescope by an array of small telescopes. Condition for aperture synthesis is that the light of the telescopes have to be combined coherently. Therefore, an interferometric Fringe Sensor (FS) to detect and stabilize the Optical Path Difference (OPD) between light from the different telescopes is required. Conventional Fringe Sensor for Space Interferometer utilizes either Quadrature Stabilization or Double Synchronous Detection to find and control OPD=0. OPD demodulation based on Quadrature Stabilization is sensitive to change in the visibility V of the interferometric signal, while Double Synchronous Detection requires an active modulation of the OPD to generate the required carrier signal. To overcome these problems, TNO develops a Fringe Sensor based on a 3x3 Fiber Optic (FO) coupler. A breadboard demonstrator operating around 830 nm is built. A piezo stretcher and a translation stage are used to generate the OPD. High-speed OPD measurement down to 0.15 nm is demonstrated. The influence of the visibility V of the interferometric signal is also investigated. Even for V=0.2, an OPD modulation of 0.4 nm can still be detected.


Both cryptolepine 1 and cryptotackieine 3 have been synthesized from 1,3-bis(2-nitrophenyl)propan-2-one. The approach to 1 involved reduction of the NO2 groups, oxidative cyclization with PhI(OAc)2, and N-methylation, whereas 3 was obtained via bromination, Favorskii rearrangement, reduction (in situ cyclization), and N-methylation.


Objective To report a rare case of chronic myeloid leukemia(CML) with t(9;22) and ins(3;8),and the results of cytogenetic,molecular genetic and molecular biology studies.Methods Chromosomes were prepared after 24-hour culture of bone marrow cells,and R-banding technique was used to analyze karotypes.Chromosome painting analysis was performed by using whole chromosome paints for chromosomes 3 and 8.Fluorescence in situ hybridization(FISH) was done with dual-color,dual-fusion bcr/abl probe.Bcr/abl transcripts were detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase-chain-reaction(RQ-PCR).Results Karotyping analysis showed that besides t(9;22),all cells revealed ins(3;8).Chromosome painting analysis confirmed the karotypic abnormality.FISH detected bcr/abl rearrangement;high copies of bcr/abl transcripts were detected by RQ-PCR.Conclusion Ins(3;8) is a rare additional anomaly in Ph positive CML patients and whole chromosome painting is a reliable method for characterization of insertions.


P92 steels have been developed as a candidate material for power plant components that operate in a temperature range of 620°–650°C. A heterogeneous microstructure formation across the P92 weldments makes the weldability of P92 steel a serious issue. The other problem that arises in P92 steel weldments is the formation of -ferrite due to the presence of a higher weight percentage of ferrite stabilizers such as V and Nb, as well as W and Mo. In the present work, the shielded metal arc welding (SMAW) process was utilized to prepare the P92 steel weld joints. After welding, postweld heat treatment (PWHT) was performed at 760°C for 2 h. To characterize the weld joints, room-temperature tensile tests and microhardness measurements were performed in the as-welded and PWHT conditions. The subsequent PWHT resulted in a decrease in the hardness gradient across the weldments. The PWHT resulted in enhancing the ductility of the weld joints.


Such a rapid growth in the labor force will have an impact on the economy, among others, on the expansion or creation of jobs.   The lack of labor that is unable to accept the new labor force means that the increasing demand for the number of workers looks much less than the supply of the number of the labor force.  This study aims to determine the influence of education, population, and job seekers on the employment opportunities of West Java Province in 1985-2020.  Data quantitatif with multiple linear regression analysis and the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) approach is the research method used.  The research has proven that education variables have a significant positive effect on job opportunities, population variables have a negative and significant effect, and job seeker variables have a significant positive effect on job opportunities.


Ultrasonography of the chest wall has been used to aid in radiation therapy treatment planning. The sonogram reveals the lung surface and the sternum in relation to the skin surface. Tumor tissue tends to be more sonolucent than normal breast tissue. This technique has been used to detect post‐mastectomy recurrent tumor.


In this investigation, the formulation of an optimal active noise controller for harmonic, enclosed sound fields is derived using an indirect boundary element method. The optimal active noise controller is defined as the volume velocity secondary source strengths which minimize the sound pressure level at a number of discrete interior locations. In addition, the formulation of an optimal active noise controller which minimizes the free field power radiated from a generalized, distributed noise source is presented. Representative results are provided for each formulation. For the enclosure problem, results are given for global control, local control, and passive wall treatments using a rectangular cavity. For the free field radiation problem, the effects of secondary source location and quantity on active noise controller performance are investigated. The relative merits of each formulation are discussed.


About twenty compounds of the benzo[b]naphtho[2,1-d]thiophene series have been synthesized, namely, 6-amino derivatives, with the aim of biological testing as possible carcinostatic molecules.


The anelastic sigma‐coordinate version of the pseudo‐anelastic Miller‐Pearce model is developed. The pseudo‐anelastic model is characterized by the presence of external‐mode acoustic perturbations which propagate in the horizontal, compromising the model performance by the need to use smaller time steps than would otherwise be required. The approach developed in this study allows for the filtering of acoustic waves and adjustment of surface pressure perturbations. The approach is tested in a new numerical implementation of an adiabatic sigma‐coordinate non‐hydrostatic model and results are found to be comparable to the unadjusted version, and to theory when applicable. The new code is found to allow for significantly larger time steps whilst still retaining numerical stability, showing the possibility of further model improvements.


Abstract The background to the establishment of a European Taxonomic, Floristic and Biosystematic Documentation System (EDS) for the vascular plants of Europe is discussed and the Viewdata system used by the EDS is explained in terms of its advantages to both taxonomic and non-taxonomic users. The availability and possible future expansion of the database are outlined.


The invention provides a method and a device for production area selection of a low-permeability water-bearing gas reservoir. The method comprises the following steps: dividing an underground reserving and permeating body into a plurality of types of reserving and permeating bodies; according to production dynamic data of a production well, establishing dynamic classification standards corresponding to the types of the reserving and permeating bodies; according to static data of a drilled well, establishing static classification standards corresponding to the types of the reserving and permeating bodies; conducting reserving and permeating body assigning on the types of the reserving and permeating bodies; drawing a horizontal distribution contour map of the reserving and permeating bodies according to the dynamic classification standards, the static classification standards and the reserving and permeating body assigned values; carrying out shaft building block area selection according to the horizontal distribution contour map. As the dynamic data and the static data are combined simultaneously, an obtained result of gas and water distribution range is more accurate, the operability is stronger, and the method and the device have good guiding function in actual geological prospecting and shaft building block area selection.


This paper investigates the role of accrual accounting on the quality of earnings for the firms accepted in Tehran Stock Exchange (TSE). First 96 firms were selected between 1998-2003. Then, the method of mesa comparisons was used in the context of cross-sectional analysis used to cross-sectional analysis. The results indicate that accrual accounting (the difference between earnings and cash flows) does not affect the average stock returns. In addition, there is no significant difference between average returns of the firms with high and low accrual accounting. Components of accruals were also examined and similar results were found. They are changes in inventory, accounts receivable, other non-cash current assets, accounts payable, other current liabilities, discretionary and non-discretionary accruals.


A low profile and highly selective multi band FSS antenna is proposed. The substrate used is FR4 epoxy with height 1.6mm and relative permittivity 4.4. The design is a u shaped rectangular patch. The feeding used is micro strip line feeding. The resonating frequencies are 0.88GHz, 0.93GHz, 1.04GHz and 1.12GHz. The proposed design has its application in GSM. HFSS software is used to simulate the design.


ABSTRACT This paper focuses on three prayers in Luke's infancy narrative which closely resemble the Old Testament Psalms and were no doubt inspired by them. These Lukan "psalms" are not only reminiscent of the Old Testament Psalms in their language and form; they also draw on important themes and the theology of the Psalms. It begins with a survey of the three psalms embedded in Luke's infancy narratives and ask for their content, their indebtedness to the Psalms and for their relationship to the remainder of Luke-Acts. Then the paper turns to their function: Why do they appear in Luke's record of the life of Jesus and the early church which is otherwise all narrative (including speech)? Why do they occur here and how do they function in the narrow and wider context of the narrative? Important clues come from some of the psalms that are embedded in Old Testament narratives. The results of the reading of these Lukan psalms will be related to the overall structure, themes and purpose of Luke-Acts. It is argued that these psalms and the people who pray them are intended to serve as representatives of and models for pious Israel


We conduct experiments in a circular pipe with rotating Hagen–Poiseuille flow (RHPF) to which we apply spin-down or impulsive spin-down to rest, in order to analyse the threshold between convective and absolute instabilities through flow visualisations in the inlet region of the pipe. For a constant value of the Reynolds number, $Re$ , the finite-amplitude wave packets generated by the arbitrary perturbation that results by reducing the swirl parameter, propagate upstream or downstream depending on the initial value of the swirl parameter, $L_{0}$ . In fact, the main characteristic of the flow is that the velocity front of these wave packets changes from negative to positive when absolutely unstable modes are present in the initial state. The experimental results show that spin-down becomes a precise, reliable procedure to detect the onset of absolute instabilities. In addition, we give evidence of a gradual transition for Reynolds numbers ranging from 300 to 500 where a mode shift from $n=-1$ to $n=-2$ appears in the absolutely unstable region.


For a blade runner of a Kaplan turbine, with its 3D geometry obtained through the Photogrammetry technique, the paper aims to determine the following geometric parameters of the blade profile: the stagger angle, the chord length, the relative thickness (maximum thickness / chord length) and relative thickness position, the relative maximum camber and the maximum position of the profile camber, using the following software packages: SolidWorks and Visual Basic for Applications included in Microsoft Excel. The blade profiles are generated through multiple sections of the axial blade runner with coaxial cylinders with the runner axis and plane unfolding. These parameters will be compared with the corresponding design parameters in order to investigate the precision of the Photogrammetry technique.


Abstract Candidates generated from unsaturated ketone (chalcone) demonstrated as strong, reversible and specific monoamine oxidase-B (MAO-B) inhibitory activity. For the research on MAO-B inhibition, our team has synthesized and evaluated a panel of aldoxime-chalcone ethers (ACE) and hydroxylchalcones (HC). The MAO-B inhibitory activity of several candidates is in the micro- to nanomolar range in these series. The purpose of this research was to develop predictive QSAR models and look into the relation between MAO-B inhibition by aldoxime and hydroxyl-functionalized chalcones. It was shown that the molecular descriptors ETA Shape P, MDEO-12, ETA dBetaP, SpMax1 Bhi and ETA EtaP B are significant in the inhibitory action of the MAO-B target. Using the current 2D QSAR models, potential chalcone-based MAO-B inhibitors might be created. The lead molecules were further analyzed by the detailed molecular dynamics study to establish the stability of the ligand–enzyme complex. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma


Abstract This preliminary survey covered 13 aquatic macrophytes present at two sites in Lake Taupo and two sites in the Auckland region (northern half of the North Island, New Zealand). Three species previously unrecorded as CAM plants, Isoetes kirkii A. Braun, Lilaeopsis lacustris Hill, and Vallisneria spiralis Graeb., exhibited diurnal fluctuations in titratable acidity and malic acid content. The changes in titratable acidity varied seasonally from 97 (Dec. 1985) to 46 (June 1986) microequivalents per gram fresh weight for I. kirkii, and from 40 to 23 and 51 to 26 microequivalents per gram fresh weight for L. lacustris and V. spiralis, respectively. The absence of CAM both in other members of the low mixed community and in other hydrocharitacean species at the same sites suggests that CAM can not be unequivocally regarded as conferring an ecological advantage to a species.


This study attempts to examine the sustainability reporting practices of top Indian and European companies. It also examined and compared the various sustainability disclosure practices of the top Indian and European companies for a period of one year, i.e., 2011. The study explores the type and extent of information on sustainability being disclosed by the companies with the help of a disclosure Index. The index of disclosure of sustainability used in this paper consisted of an extensive list of 99 items, as voluntary disclosure items. The study reveals that European Companies have attained remarkable improvement in the sustainability reporting practices whereas Indian companies need to improve in their reporting, though some companies have attained considerable progress in their sustainable reporting.. On the basis of the results, it can be suggested that Indian companies need to improve in their disclosure practices on sustainability. Secondly, the accounting authorities should endeavor to regularize narrative reporting on Sustainability


Alexey V. Tkach, Galina V. Shurin, Michael R. Shurin, Elena R. Kisin, Ashley R. Murray, Shih-Houng Young, Alexander Star, Bengt Fadeel, Valerian E. Kagan, ) and Anna A. Shvedova* Pathology and Physiology Research Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States, Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States, Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States, Division of Molecular Toxicology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States, and Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States


The use of database systems for managerial decision making often incorporates information-retrieval capabilities with numeric report generation. Of great concern to the user of such a system is the response time associated with issuing a query to the database. This study presents a procedure for estimating response time for one of the most frequently encountered physical storage mechanisms, the indexed file. The model provides a fairly high degree of accuracy, but is simple enough so that the cost of applying the model is not exorbitant. The model incorporates the knowledge that the distribution of access key occurrences is known to follow Zipf's law. It first estimates the access time required to complete the query, which includes the time needed for all input and output transactions, and CPU time used in performing the search. The effects of multiple users on an individual's response time are then assessed using a simple regression estimation technique. The two-step procedure allows for the separation of access time from multiuser influences.


cated by anyone else. But in my work, my Catholic, or more precisely Irish Catholic, background, is frequently in tension with my training as an historian. It is often a creative tension, one that helps me question the presumptions in the fields with which I engage, or the presumptions of the historical actors about whom I write. This sometimes welcome, and often unwelcome, tension has given me a tolerance for ideological impurity that when I am at my best serves me and my work well, and when I am at my worst, makes my work impossible to do. (p. 148)


An underground vane pump oil production plant comprises an upper structure and a lower structure, wherein the upper structure is a transmission assembly, and the upper portion of the transmission assembly is provided with a taper pipe connector and a spline drive shaft, and a spline cylinder is arranged on the external of the spline drive shaft, and a connecting sleeve is arranged under the spline cylinder. The lower structure is a pump assembly structure, wherein a pump shaft is connected with the connecting sleeve of the transmission assembly, a rotor is installed on the pump shaft, and vanes are arranged on the rotor, and a sieve tube is installed on the lower end of an outer shell of a pump. The underground vane pump oil production plant does not change the structure size of oil well processing equipment, a new device can be directly installed and used, and is convenient for constructing. The underground vane pump oil production plant has the characteristics of less investment, high efficiency, electric energy conservation, stable production, wide applicable oil well range, convenient management, low cost, easy popularization and significant economic benefits.


Purpose: To investigate level of staff and patient radiation protection in interventional cardiology in four counties from Eastern-European region (Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Montenegro and Serbia). The activities are part of the project from the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), under regional project RER/9/093 related to medical exposure control. Method: Data was collected from nine interventional cardiology laboratories and it included: annual workload of coronary angiography (CA) and percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI), availability of personal protective tools, individual monitoring of staff, patients doses assessed in terms of air kerma area product (KAP), peak skin dose (PSD) or air kerma at interventional reference point (KIRP). Results were compared with internationally proposed Reference Levels (RL) and other surveys' results. Results: Average annual number of procedures was 740 (300-1600) for CA and 630 (160-1150) for PCI. Dose measurements were available in selected group of 445 patients for KAP and 278 for PSD or KIRP. Eight centers reported KAP values higher than 100 Gy cm2 in overall 25% of measurements and five centers reported values above 200 Gy cm2 in 8% of all measurements. Four centers (44%) had third quartiles (75%) of KAP values distribution below 100 Gy cm2. From 51 patients mentored in terms of PSD, 5 (10%) had PSD >2Gy and 6 (3%) patients from total of 227 monitored in terms of KIRP had value higher than 5 Gy. Those patients have risk of skin injury. Protective aprons and goggles were available and used in all laboratories. Individual monitoring in mainly performed using one dosimeter (7 centers). Double dosimetry was available in 2 facilities. Conclusions: The results indicate need for optimization to bring patient doses within reference levels.


This paper deals with the model of a service-oriented digital library,focusing on its structure,resources and information service platform which include a Uniform Information Accessing Desk and a Virtual Reference Desk(VRD).


The paper is devoted to an econometric study of the simple agent-based financial markets, which are based on the few-type designs. In particular, we study a version of the adaptive belief system (Brock and Hommes, 1998) in the context of fundamentalists-chartist (fundamentalistschartists-contrarians) formulation. The general question which concerns us is the significance of the number of types (clusters) of agents, in particular, its contribution to replicating financial stylized facts. A related and a core issue pertains to the minimum number of types (clusters) required to replicate financial dynamics. The general formulation of the issue is still unclear because each type of financial agents can be formulated in different ways. Hence, pindowning the issue to a comparison between fundamentalist-chartist models and fundamentalist-chartist-contrarian models seems to be a good start. Motivated by Aoki (2002), one may further assume that only two types of agents are required. As we shall see later in this paper, this hypothesis is well supported by our extensive applications of the two-type model to a large number of stock and foreign exchange markets and its performance comparison to the three-type . Our econometric estimation of the simple agent-based financial markets can be related to Boswijk et al. (2007) and Amilon (2008). However, since the settings of the model are not exactly the same, our estimation method and technique are different from theirs. We estimate parameters of agents, including their beliefs (reverting coefficients and extrapolating coefficients), memory (memory in expectations formation and memory in fitness), intensity of choices, and risk perceptions. In addition to that, we also want to determine the length of the movingaverage window (only available for fundamentalists) and the proper representation of fitness.1 The addition of the last two extensions makes us have an objective function (sum of square error) not just a function of continuous variables, but also discrete variables. Given this nature, the common numerical algorithms, which depend on the derivative of the objective function,


The initial stage of mastering a foreign language resembles the process of a native language formation, although there is a significant difference between them. It should be emphasized that the main engine that encourages a child to master the language is the vital need for communication, the need to solve communicative tasks, if necessary. So, all aspects of learning a foreign language should be subordinated to communicative goals.
Communicative competence is integrated in its content and consists of three main types of competencies: speech, language, socio-cultural, which, in turn, also include a number of competencies. Integration of a foreign language into all types of children's activities ensures the implementation of communicative competence. Play activity allows you to implement a communicative approach in learning a foreign language at ease, through interpersonal activities of children. In the preschooler's productive activities, a foreign language becomes a means of expressing emotional experiences. In educational activities, the communicative approach implies both the assimilation of the rules and their practical usage, which occurs on the conscious and subconscious levels. The independent activities of children help to unlock the personal potential of children, is a means of socializing the child and helps to realize communicative speech competence.


Nitrogen and phosphorus removing and transforming in sediment-water interface are very important for understanding lake ecosystem. This paper thoroughly discussed the characteristics of nitrogen and phosphorus in terms of form, ratio, and concentration in sediment and water and their effects on algal growth. The research progress on removing and transforming of nitrogen and phosphorus in sediment-water interface, especially for Dianchi Lake was reviewed and discussed.


In this paper we focus on the challenges in preserving indigenous knowledge systems. We explore the challenges of managing indigenous knowledge in the context of intellectual property rights and bio-piracy threats. We analyse how indigenous knowledge affects the lives of local people, investigate the extent to which indigenous knowledge was under threat and evaluate strategies that are in place to protect indigenous knowledge. Primarily, we discuss the role of laws in the general protection of science and knowledge, and specific details such as biodiversity, with emphasis on indigenous knowledge systems (IKS) and indigenous medicinal knowledge and their systems. Western sciences, knowledge and legislative laws play a pivotal role in protecting and preserving intellectual property, trade secrets, copy rights, and the general enforcement of ethical practices. The same laws, such as intellectual property rights, copyright, trade secrets and other pieces of legislation should particularly be essential in protecting indigenous knowledge and their systems in the African countries. We examine these laws to determine their effectiveness, strengths, weaknesses, and the challenges they place on the practical protection and preservation of IKS.


In this work we present a characterization of yeast dynamic speckle activity during growth in an isolated agar culture medium. We found that it is possible to detect the growth of the microorganisms even before they turn out to be visible. By observing the time evolution of the speckle activity at different regions of the culture medium we could extract a map of the growth process, which served to analyze how the yeast develops and spreads over the agar's medium. An interesting point of this study concerns with the influence of the laser light on the yeast growth rate. We have found that yeast finds hard to develop at regions with higher laser light illumination, although we used a synchronous system to capture the speckle pattern. The results obtained in this work would serve us as a starting point to fabricate a detector of growing microorganism colonies, with obvious interesting applications in diverse areas.


To elucidate the morphological mechanisms of vitellogenesis of caridean shrimp Exopalaemon modestus,electron microscopic technique was used.During the whole process of oogenesis,dramatic changes including numbers and structure of mitochondria occurred in the oocyte cytoplasm.At the early stage of vitellogenesis,the number of mitochondria in oocyte cytoplasm increased rapidly,and the shapes of mitochondria are ellipsoid and oval.The number of cristae in the mitochondria is small.A lot of typical ellipsoid mitochondria appeared later at this stage,and the number of cristae is increased.The outer membranes of mitochondria are smooth.The observation on continuous sections shows that mitochondria do not participate in the vitellogenesis at this stage.At mid-stage of vitellogenesis,there are two groups of mitochondria.In one of the types,the mitochondria are long-stick-like or ellipsoid with small volumes.They are rich of cristae,and the matrix in the mitochondria is dark.The outer membrane is smooth.The principal function of mitochondria at this stage is to supply energy.In the second type,the mitochondria are spherical or globular in shape,the cristae gradually disappeared,and the inner matrix is electron-transparent.The outer membrane is wave-like in shape.The inner membranes of this type of mitochondria participate in vitellogenesis directly by endocytosis.Membranous vesicles include those from Golgi apparatus,endoplasmic reticulum and even from small mitochondria.Meanwhile,exogenous vitellogenesis occurs by forming a lot of endocytosis vesicles.Exogenous pre-yolk materials were transported into oocyte.These pre-yolk materials were transported to Golgi apparatus and were modified there.Mature yolk materials were excreted by Golgi body.Most yolk was accumulated by endocytosis of oocyte.At late stage of vitellogenesis,typical mitochondria can only be seen in the cortex,and then disappeared.Yolk granules began to fuse later.The oocyte cytoplasm is full of yolk.No typical mitochondria was observed.


The article deals with the peculiarities and tendencies in trans-border cooperation transformations under the influence of economic fluctuations. The author has systematically arranged methodological principles of complex economic systems transformations. Scientific grounds for the formation of the integrative component of the European Union trans-border cooperation development have been defined. The principle models of economic systems transformations have been analyzed, the nature of the modern model of global household functioning and international economic relations has been defined. The author has pointed out conceptual points and principles of trans-border cooperation modern paradigm, formulated peculiar characteristics of integration processes at trans-border and interregional levels. It has been proved that diffusion-involving integration is one of the main theories that gives grounds to the transformation of trans-border cooperation.


We report our experiences implementing standards-based grading at scale in an Algorithms course, which serves as the terminal required CS Theory course in our department's undergraduate curriculum. The course had 200-400 students, taught by two instructors, eight graduate teaching assistants, and supported by two additional graders and several undergraduate course assistants. We highlight the role of standards-based grading (SBG) in supporting our students during the COVID-19 pandemic. We conclude by detailing the successes and adjustments we would make to the course structure.


A series of bispyridines and bispyrimidines 1a, 1b, 1c, 1d, 1e showing the heterocycles attached to both ends of an ethynylene unit and being α-substituted with chloro, tert-butylthio, and methoxy groups have been synthesized via cross-coupling technique and their crystal structures studied by X-ray diffraction analysis. Supramolecular interactions of C–H···N and π···π stacking type were found to largely dominate the structures according to the compound species. A trial was given to deduce the markedly differing temperatures of melting among the compounds from special features of the crystal structures.


Productive service industry is a typical urban industry, the development of service industry and the development of city are supplemented each other. Being as an important part of modern service industry, the productive service industry has very important strategic significance in city's functional improvement and sustainable development. Vigorously developing the productive service industry in Beijing City is conducive to quickly improve the functions of Beijing being as a world city, the government needs do much works in deepening the reform, adjusting the structure, and expanding the market demand, etc.


The fundamental axis of Sony Labou Tansi' s work concerns the theme of power in the postcolony, and within this framework, the body presents a crucial site at which power is explored. Indeed, writing from postcolonial Francophone Sub-Saharan Africa has consistently denounced governmental attempts to render the body what Michel Foucault has described as both mentally and physically 'docile'.2 This essay explores the relationship between the body and nationalistic discourse, the associations between gender and nationalist identities, and attempts to locate the elaboration and articulation of protest and resistance in Sony Labou Tansi's writings with reference to these specific notions.


PRIVATE J. H., aged 25 ye,ars.' This patient has always had good sight and at one time was the best shot in -his battalion. So far as .is known there was no deterioration in -vision until the onset of the present condition.. There was no previous ophthalmic history. On July 9, 1945, he looked,,at the partial eclipse of the sun, on thefirst occasion through a photographic negative for about one m.inute and during the succeeding hour on three separate occasions, each of about twenty secon%ls, without any protecting screep and .mainly with his right eye. He first noticed symptoms on the following morning. On waking he had a slight ache in the inner corner of the right eye and immediatIely found that vision was blurred in this eye. Three days later he was, referred to the Ophthalmic Department of a General Hospital in Italy. On examination, V.R. was 6/18 (two letters). V.L. was 6/5. Both eyes, were emmetropic. He volunteered the statement that when he looked directly at a letter on the test card he could only see each side of it. There was, no evidence of inflammation in either eye. The pupil reactions were normal and the media clear. The only abnormal finding was at the right macula' where there'was a circular hole, about-,J disc diameter across, with' a flat base'and steeply sloping sides. Around it, a faint ring reflex, due to oedema, could be seen... Examination with a Bjerrum screen showed the presence of a,circular central scotoma of' 1° to a 2 mm. white object and of about -2.50 to red. 'On the following day he became aware of a' circular black spot in front of the right eye a'nd was consciotis of this for three days. One week later the macular oedema had subsided but apart from this there was no change. One month after the eclipse, some irregular patches of fine pigmentation had appeared around' the hole. The visual acuity. in the right eye was still 6/18 (partly),and ,the central scotoma could be demonstrate'd as before.


Barry Cooper is Associate Professor in the Department of Political Science, York University, Toronto. Philosophers have, by and large, been reluctant to discuss Merleau-Ponty's religious opinions, while theologians have tended to confine their comments to his postwar writings. The only detailed study of Merleau-Ponty during the 1930s is primarily concerned with documenting the change in his philosophy that came, towards the close of the decade, with his discovery of Husserl.' In this paper I argue that Hegel, or, more exactly, Hegel as interpreted by Kojeve, was a major influence in dissolving the intellectual support for the religion of his youth that Merleau-Ponty evinced in his writing before the Second World War. As a normalien, Merleau-Ponty was tala, faithful to the church.


The aim of the experiments is to investigate the relationship between the apoptosis and the host cell infection with the intracellular parasite,E.tenella.The MDBK cells were invaded by the sporozoites of E.tenella for 1.5 hours,and then was incubated in 6% alcohol for 3 hours.The apoptosis of the MDBK cells were tested using fluorescence inverted microscope and flow cytometry by Annexin V/PI staining.The data showed that E.tenella protected the invaded host cell from apoptosis inducing,whereas uninfected cells underwent apoptosis after application of inducer of apoptosis.The results indicated that the sporozoites of E.tenella had a unique mechanism to extend the survival time of host cells to ensure that they survive in the cell and development.


A method for power system reliability evaluation based on topology logic relation is presented. Firstly, topology logic analysis for substation is made to get equivalent nodes and the connectedness, then system topology logic analysis is carried out to get the power network model which is used to calculate the indicatrix on reliability of power system. The proposed method achieves a more realistic simulation of power system operation process and improves the accuracy of reliability assessment. Test on RBTS-BUS6 system proves that the method is correct and effective. Using this method in power grid reliability sensitivity analysis, the reliability sensitivity of primary equipments can be evaluated and compared directly to satisfy the demand for maintenance strategy better.


Melting experiments (P = 6.9 kbar, T = 850–950°C, NNO < ƒ02 < HM) were done on mafic to felsic charnockites, a dioritic gneiss, and a felsic garnet granulite, all common rock types in the Grenville basement of eastern North America. A graphite-bearing granulite gneiss did not melt. Water (H2O+ = 0.60 to 2.0 wt %) is bound in low-grade, retrograde metamorphic minerals and is consumed during the earliest stages of melting. Most melts are water-undersaturated. Melt compositions range from metaluminous, silicic granodiorite (diorite starting composition) to peraluminous or weakly metaluminous granites (all others). In general, liquids become more feldspathic, less silicic, and less peraluminous and are enriched in FeO, MgO, and TiO2 with increasing temperature. Residual feldspar mineralogy controls the CaO, K2O, and Na2O contents of the partial melts and the behavior of these elements can be used, particularly if the degree of source melting can be ascertained, to infer some aspects of the feldspar mineralogy of the source. K-feldspar, a common restite phase in the charnockite and granulite (but not the diorite) should control the behavior of Ba and, possibly, Eu in these systems and yield signatures of these elements that can distinguish source regions and, in some cases, bulk versus melt assimilation. Apatite, a common restite phase, is enriched in rare earth elements (REE), especially middle REE. Retention of apatite in the restite will result in steep, light REE-enriched patterns for melts derived from the diorite and charnockites.


Soil acidification caused by anthropogenic activities adversely affects forest ecosystems by altering soil pH, which is an important factor in soil quality and function. Liming is one suggested way to solve this problem. This study was performed to evaluate the effects of liming in acidic forest soils by determining soil microbial biomass, microbial community structure, and extracellular enzyme activities associated with carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus cycling. Lime treatment increased soil pH by up to 40%, significantly increased organic matter (OM) content at some sites, and altered the enzyme activity of the soil. With liming, the microbial biomass appeared to be affected by the chemical properties of the soil, such as pH, Ca2+, Mg2+, K+, and exchangeable aluminum (Ale) levels, although there were no significant differences at the site level. Enzymatic activity was found to be affected by pH, Ca2+, Mg2+, electrical conductivity (EC), and Ale; and acid phosphatase (AP) and phenol oxidase (POX) activity were significantly affected by lime treatment. AP activity decreased from 0.62 to 0.66, and POX activity increased from 1.75 to 3.00 in part of the sites. The bacterial community richness was influenced by pH as a direct effect of lime treatment. The fungal community richness was associated with changes in K+ that were not due to lime treatment. The bacterial community structure was affected by soil OM, total nitrogen (TN), pH, and Ca2+; and the fungal community structure was affected by pH, Mg2+, and K+. In conclusion, changes in soil environmental conditions by liming can affect soil microbial communities and functions through direct or indirect processes, further changing ecosystem processes.


Prevention of HIV contamination, medicament for the prevention and treatment of diseases associated with the disease or HIV caused by HIV, including AIDS are all at least content and functional activity with respect to either or HIV contamination interacting with HIV or contains an activated enhanced antibody against the protein or peptide of the immune system varies. On the other hand, the prevention of HIV contamination, the prevention and treatment methods for diseases associated with the disease or HIV caused by HIV including AIDS, antigen, i.e., the content and function in conjunction with or HIV contamination interacting with HIV At least one active activation enhanced antibody is used against the protein or peptide of the immune system varies. .BACKGROUND


The parents of a 4 year old child present with concerns about drooling. Severe drooling may be associated with comorbidities, such as cerebral palsy, severe mental retardation, and hypoxic encephalopathy, and affects the wellbeing of children with disabilities as well as increasing the demand on their carers. Treatment improves children's quality of life and reduces their care burden.1 2


OBJECTIVE
To investigate the diagnosis of tuberculous meningitis.

METHOD
One hundred twenty-nine cases of tuberculous meningitis proved by autopsy, from the year 1952 through 1994, were retrospectively reviewed.

RESULTS
Sixty-four cases were misdiagnosed before death, and the misdiagnosis rate was 49.6%. Among these misdiagnosed cases, 34 were misdiagnosed as other brain diseases, and the other 30 cases were misdiagnosed as severe pulmonary tuberculosis, severe pneumonia, gastric cancer, rheumatic heart disease, cor pulmonale and leukemia, etc. The main clinical manifestations included meningitis and extra-cerebral tuberculous syndromes. The cerebral spinal fluid changes included pressure increase, elevation of cell counts and protein content, decrease of glucose and chlorides. Both cerebral CT and intensified scan showed miliary tubercles in the brain parenchyma. High density stellate type of shadows in the basal surface of the brain, interpedunclar forsa and cerebral fissures, enlargement of brain ventricles, cerebral edema and thrombosis were also shown. Tuberculous lesions in the meninges, brain parenchyma, brain ventricles and brain blood vessels were found by autopsy.

CONCLUSION
The clinical manifestations, cerebral spinal fluid examination, in combination with CT scan of the head, and searching for extracerebral tuberculous foci are the basis for the diagnosis of tuberculous meningitis.


The content of gastrodin in rhizoma gastrodiae between Shaanxi and Yunnan was determined by HPLC.The separation was performed on Agilent-C18 column(4.6mm×250mm,5μm),the mobile phase was acetonitrile-0.05% phosphoric acid(3∶97) with a flow rate of 1.0mL·min-1.The column temperature was 25℃ and the detection wavelength was 220nm.The content of gastrodin in rhizoma gastrodiae from Shaanxi is 0.344%,Yunnan is 0.287%.The content of gastrodin in rhizoma gastrodiae from Shaanxi is higher than it from Yunnan.


Objectives: To identify websites with adequate information on oral cancer screening for healthcare professionals (HCPs) and to assess both their quality and contents. Study Design: Websites were identified using Google and HON medical professional search engines using the terms "screening for oral cancer". The first 100 sites retrieved by each engine were analysed using the DISCERN questionnaire (reliability), the V instrument (contents on oral cancer) and further by the Flesch-Kinkaid Reading Grade Level and the Flesch Reading Ease (readability). Results: The overall rating showed minimal shortcomings in the quality of the information in the websites. The coverage and correctness of information on "visual examination" was rated as fair/good, whereas updating of contents resulted very variable (eg: 81% for visual examination and 18.2% for molecular biomarkers). These results permitted to rank the websites housing relevant information for oral cancer. Top ranking websites were affiliated to the Oral Cancer Foundation (USA), WHO Collaborating Centre for oral cancer (UK) whose webpage is entitled "Oral Cancer Education and Research", and the Clinical Guidelines maintained by the British Columbia Cancer Agency (Canada) and the British Dental Association (UK) respectively. Conclusions: There are web-based, HCP-addressed, resources on screening for oral cancer housing heterogeneous information both in quality and contents. The use of specific evaluation tools permits the selection of reliable websites on this topic with a potential to improve the existing educational gaps among HCPs. Key words:Oral cancer, early diagnosis, screening, secondary prevention, internet, teaching resources, continuous education.


The problem of allocation of solid municipal waste (SMW) disposal objects is extremely acute for Russia. The complexity of such tasks is primarily due to their interdisciplinarity, i.e., a significant amount of social, economic and technical data and environmental information to be taken into account. In many countries, multi-criteria methods have been used for this purpose, which have proved their effectiveness, making it possible to work out a compromise and objective solution. The methods of T.L. Saaty - analysis of hierarchies (AHP) - and analysis of networks (ANP) are considered, as well as the examples of their use for choosing sites for landfills and waste incinerator plants.


In consideration of the problem that the communication through earth has great wastage to the high frequency electromagnetic waves and great interference to the low frequency electromagnetic waves, and great influence of the earth parameters on electromagnetic waves communication through the earth, and according to the characteristics of the intermediate frequency electromagnetic waves in the earth and the loop antenna applicability to intermediate frequency waves, the paper designed intermediate frequency loop antenna working at 500 kHz as the PED loop antenna to communicate through earth, and achieved the expected goal through measuring its parameters and the experimental verification.


Graph neural networks have shown to be very powerful on node classification and link prediction tasks across various fields ranging from healthcare to network science. However, graph neural networks have been mostly developed on graphs that don't have different edge types, while in real life most networks are multi-relational and multi-modal. (Wikidata, Google Knowledge Graph, etc.) In this work, we extend Relational Graph Convolutional Networks (R-GCN) (Schlichtkrull et al., 2017) such that they are more powerful and easily extendable to different kinds of multimodal graphs. More specifically, we extend the multi-head attention calculations in Graph Attention Networks (Velickovic et al., 2017) to multi-relational setting in order to be able to assign importance to the neighbors while doing aggregation, instead of assigning fixed normalization constant to every neighbor. We hypothesize this will improve the performance while working with high degree nodes. We evaluate our model for node classification task on AIFB Semantic Web dataset converted to Resource Description Framework (RDF) format, and MUTAG molecular graph datase in RDF format against R-GCN and other baselines.


By means of crossing electronic and molecular beams and the quantum-chemical method AM1, there are made the investigations of fragmentation processes in a cytosine molecule; these processes are caused by an electron impact. There are given the probable schemes of cytosine fragmentation, absolute values of ionization partial sections and their energetic dependences. It is shown that the value of the total section of formation of positively charged fragments is 3.7 times larger than the section of the molecular ion formation. There are made the calculations of the parameters of the cytosine molecule and its ions.


The immune system is the first line of defense against cancer. The immune system regularly detects and destroys cancer cells. Despite this continuous protection, certain cancers are able to escape detection or destruction by the immune system. Research in recent decades has addressed the possibility of enlisting the help of the immune system to detect and destroy cancer cells. One compelling treatment uses a laser, an immune stimulant called glycated chitosan (GC), and a light absorbing dye called indocyanine green to convince the immune system to incite a systemic attack against both primary and metastatic tumors. In successful treatments, all tumors are completely destroyed and patients develop long-term immunity against tumors. While attempting to locate and destroy tumor cells, the cells of the immune system face competing pressures. On one hand are the immune cells that detect and attempt to control tumor cells (typically the target of the immune response is a foreign invader), and on the other hand are the immune cells that prevent the response from growing dangerously out of control. By policing certain immune cell populations, regulatory T cells (Tregs) play an important role in keeping the overall immune response under control. But, in doing so, these Tregs indirectly protect cancer cells. We describe post-treatment immune dynamics with mathematical models, and predictions of clinical treatment outcomes can be drawn from model predictions. Currently we emphasize the role of cytotoxic T cells and dendritic cells in the laser-initiated immune response, but we have also studied the roles of B cells and helper T cells. Our model is based on experimental studies with the dimethylbenza(a)nthracene-4 (DMBA-4) metastatic mammary tumor line in the rat animal model. We have used our model to determine clinical outcomes based on the effects of two key treatment factors: the dose and role of GC, and the manipulation of Treg activity. Treatment outcome is improved by the pro-immune stimulatory properties of GC and worsened by the proposed pro-tumor activity of Tregs. The results from our studies indicate potential treatment designs that could be used to improve treatment outcome or highlight additional areas that should be targeted for future experimentation with animal models. I would like to dedicate this to my family and my wonderful wife. You have all been instrumental in my development into the person I am today.


Eight (8) vertical electrical soundings (VES) were conducted at predetermined points to assess the extent of contamination of the water supply aquifersystems in New Owerri area. Lithological cross sectional analysis using electrofacies packages from geoelectric logsrevealedthat the underlying lithofacies are predominantly gravels, sandstones, clays and silts. The analysis of the four profiles: AB, CD, EF and GH revealed a transient (perched) aquifer system within the depth of 20.0 to 38.5 m.Gravels and sandstones, which constitutethe major aquiferous units, readily yield copious water to boreholes and wells.The 3 to 4 Geo-electric layers obtained in the study area also showed that depth to water table (DWT) ranged between 22.0to 93.5m. This shows thatthe groundwater systemin the study area is comprised of both shallow and deep systems.The areas with the shallow aquifer system (22.0 to 38.5m)are heavily contaminated with iron. This condition is probably a consequence of the shallow water condition and nearness to pollution sources, culminating in the ease to which contaminants percolate to the groundwater system The areas that are classed weak and poor are most susceptible to contamination, while the good, very good and excellent classes indicated lithofacies with high pollution attenuation capacity.


Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) is a member of the CSF family that regulates hematopoietic cell proliferation and differentiation. In this research, Tobacco (Nicotianatabacum L., var. NC-2512) leaf disc explants were transformed with Agrobacterium tumefaciens (LBA4404 strain), harboring the recombinant binary vector pBI121 containing hG-CSF gene and neomycin phosphotransferase (nptII) antibiotic resistant gene. Inoculated tissues (leaf discs) were placed on tobacco co-cultivation medium and then transformed explants were selected on MS medium containing 50 mgl-1 kanamycin and 300 mgl-1 cefotaxime antibiotic combinations. Finally, shoots were transferred to hormone free medium containing 50 mgl-1 kanamycin and 200 mgl-1 cefotaxime antibiotics to induce roots. Polymerase chain reaction using specific primers was employed to confirm the integration of hG-CSF and nptII transgenes in the T0 and T1 plants genome. However, merging of hG-CSF gene into the genome of putative transgenic plants was further verified by Southern blot analysis. In addition, molecular analysis was performed at the mRNA and protein levels. In the first transgenic tobaccos (T1), the mRNA transcripts were analyzed by RT-PCR method which strongly showed presence of hG-GCF transcript. Ultimately western blot analysis of T2 plants approved stable transformation and expression of hG-CSF gene in transgenic plants. The _2test of T1 plants in greenhouse condition indicated that the inheritance of hG-CSF gene followed Mandelian ratio for single gene segregation (3:1).


Extreme temperatures were considered natural hazards because they could increase morbidity and mortality. Understanding the extreme temperature changes at different warming levels is crucial to climate change mitigation and adoption for human health. This study projected climate change effects on the intensity, occurrence, and duration of extreme temperatures in Taiwan with 2 and 4°C global warming scenarios using the Weather Research and Forecasting model. The future climate simulations were conducted with the pseudo‐global warming approach, and the future climate changes were obtained from the ensemble mean of simulations in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project 5. The simulated daily mean temperature increased by 1.40 and 3.09°C under 2 and 4°C global warmings. In a warming world, the daily maximum temperature was projected to increase by 1.35–3.00°C, whereas the daily minimum temperature was even higher, leading to weaker diurnal temperature variation in most regions. The simulation results show that intensified heatwaves with frequent and prolonged durations become par for the course, whereas extremely cold days disappear gradually. The occurrence of heatwaves in the future is projected to be five times that in the current climate. Comparing the global warming impacts over different land‐use types, the heatwave occurrence over urban areas rose more quickly than over other land‐use types; forests are less vulnerable to global warming. On the contrary, the changes in extremely cold days over urban areas were weaker than over other land‐use types. Overall, the effects of global warming on temperature revealed that extreme events were more severe with increased temperature than with the mean state of air temperature. Nonlinear behaviours indicated that global warming should be limited to 2°C, and the additional 2°C warming (from 2 to 4°C) should be addressed carefully.


We have quantum chemically analyzed the competition between the bimolecular nucleophilic substitution (SN2) and base-induced elimination (E2) pathways for F– + CH3CH2Cl and PH2– + CH3CH2Cl using the activation strain model and Kohn–Sham molecular orbital theory at ZORA-OLYP/QZ4P. Herein, we correct an earlier study that intuitively attributed the mechanistic preferences of F– and PH2–, i.e., E2 and SN2, respectively, to a supposedly unfavorable shift in the polarity of the abstracted β-proton along the PH2–-induced E2 pathway while claiming that ″...no correlation between the thermodynamic basicity and E2 rate should be expected.″ Our analyses, however, unequivocally show that it is simply the 6 kcal mol–1 higher proton affinity of F– that enables this base to engage in a more stabilizing orbital interaction with CH3CH2Cl and hence to preferentially react via the E2 pathway, despite the higher characteristic distortivity (more destabilizing activation strain) associated with this pathway. On the other hand, the less basic PH2– has a weaker stabilizing interaction with CH3CH2Cl and is, therefore, unable to overcome the characteristic distortivity of the E2 pathway. Therefore, the mechanistic preference of PH2– is steered to the SN2 reaction channel (less-destabilizing activation strain).


The substance ( SB-1), which inhibits lipid peroxide formation ( IN VITRO experiments), and various flavonoids (wogonin, oroxylin A, chrysin, skullcapflavone II, baicalein and baicalin) were obtained from roots of SCUTELLARIA BAICALENSIS Georgi. On the basis of analytical and physical data, the structure of SB-1 was proved to be 2′,5,5′, 7-tetrahydroxy-6′,8-dimethoxy-flavone.


The fluorescence and excitation spectra of cancer and normal colon mucosa were measured to establish a suitable criterion for colon cancer diagnosis.


Abstract Objective: To examine the associations of home cooking with caregiver–child interaction and child mental health in Japan. Design: Cross-sectional data collected in 2018. Frequency of home cooking was assessed by a questionnaire among 4126 caregivers and classified as high (almost every day), medium (4–5 d/week) or low (≤3 d/week). Caregiver–child interaction was evaluated by assessing frequency of talking and playing together (per week). Behaviour problems and prosocial behaviour were assessed by the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, and resilience was assessed using the Children's Resilient Coping Scale. Setting: Japan. Participants: Children aged 9–10 years and their caregivers in Adachi, Tokyo, Japan. Results: Low and middle frequency of home cooking were associated with lower frequencies of talking about school life, talking about news with the child, talking about television shows with the child and helping with the child's homework. Children with low and/or middle frequency of home cooking had more behaviour problems (low frequency: β = 3·95, 95 % CI 1·30, 6·59 and medium frequency: β = 3·38, 95 % CI 2·07, 4·70), lower prosocial behaviour (low frequency: β = −5·85, 95 % CI −10·04, −1·66) and lower resilience (low frequency: β = −6·56, 95 % CI −9·77, −3·35 and medium frequency: β = −4·11, 95 % CI −5·71, −2·51), compared with children with high frequency of home cooking after adjusting covariates including socio-economic status. These associations were mediated by child's eating behaviours and/or caregiver–child interaction. Conclusions: Creating an environment that encourages caregivers to cook at home may be important for children's mental health.


There have been multiple risk factors identified that lead to youth delinquent behaviors and activities. These risks are family, school, peer, disability, and neighborhood related, though the studies to date have primarily focused on larger urban juvenile court jurisdictions. This exploratory study of one rural juvenile court (in Ashtabula County, Ohio) furthers these risk factor investigations through the evaluation of 91 randomly selected, adjudicated delinquent youth (supervised in 2008 and 2009). Data on 23 risk factors was collected, with further analysis of significant gender and race differences. Key results were that a majority of youth experienced poverty and lived in a one-parent family; 40% had a mental health or substance abuse problem; 25% were in need of special education disability services; males were much more likely to have school-related difficulties and to commit felony offenses; females had significantly more mental health and substance abuse problems; and minority youth successfully completed probation more often.


The feasibility of measuring cobalt damascene additives with cyclic voltammetric stripping (CVS) method is demonstrated. 2-Mercapto-5-benzimidazolesulfonic acid (MBIS) and thiourea (TU) were selected as model suppressor and accelerator, respectively, according to published information. Inorganic components such as boric acid also affect the electrochemical properties of electrolytes. This article particularly investigates the effects of boric acid on the reduction processes in cobalt baths. The effect of dissolved oxygen on CVS is also studied.


In the previous chapter, we have discussed the trends and patterns of overseas investment from India. It shows that there is a significant increase in India's outward FDI during post reform period. During post reform period, changes also occurred in the locational as well as sectoral distribution of India's OFDI. The significant growth of OFDI in the second wave raises several questions. What made the India's OFDI for significant increase? Does liberal policy helped the India's OFDI for significant increase? What are the other factors influenced India's OFDI for significant increase? How such large outflow has influenced the Indian economy? In this context the present chapter discusses the factors/determinants which influencing the India's OFDI. The chapter also discusses the impact of India's OFDI on its macroeconomic indicators such as exchange rate, trade, employment and domestic investment.


ABSTRACT Submarine currents are a principal factor in controlling seafloor geomorphology. Herein, we investigate the role of dynamic current systems associated with the Subtropical Front in the formation and modification of seafloor depressions off the east coast of New Zealand's South Island. Seafloor depressions are widespread in this region, with a diverse range of morphologies and sizes. We focus on two 'end-member' classes of depressions; densely spaced decametre-scale structures and more isolated 'giant' depressions of up to 12 km in diameter. Our results reveal a direct correlation between the dominant current flow direction, and the modification and alignment of depressions. We present a model to illustrate the role of submarine currents in shaping the morphology of these enigmatic seafloor depressions. This model demonstrates how contour currents, and potentially eddy currents, have extensively modified seafloor structures, resulting in elongate, asymmetrical depressions, partially infilled by sediment drift deposits.


The invention discloses a preparation method for preparing a microorganism fuel battery air cathode by utilizing silver modified active carbon and application of the microorganism fuel cell active carbon air cathode in a battery. The preparation method comprises the following steps of electrically depositing silver on the surface of active carbon by adopting a constant voltage deposition method so as to change the physical and chemical characteristics of the electrode surface, not only can the conductivity of the electrode be improved and the total resistance of the electrode be reduced, but also the catalytic activity of the electrode can be improved, and redox can be favored. Compared with the unmodified electrode, the electricity generation rate and the electricity production quantity of the battery adopting the modified electrode can be remarkably increased. In addition, compared with the precious metal such as platinum, the price for preparing the active carbon air cathode by adopting the silver electric deposition method is low, so that the production cost of the battery is greatly reduced; moreover, the method is simple and easy in operation and easier to popularize in the microorganism cell. The obtained battery has the advantages of simplicity in production of electrode, low price and good electricity generation effect, and the further research and application of the microorganism fuel cell can be favored.


This chapter argues that the Aeneid unsettles the stable negative pride script by repeatedly staging confrontations between two different subtypes of pride. A narrative in which pride is ascribed to both victors and victims invites readers to take sides, creating an environment in which it is possible to see one of the two as positive: a situation familiar from both the ancient and the modern reception of the poem. The chapter presents a comprehensive reading of the poem through the prism of pride, discussing many well-known and controversial episodes, such as the death of Priam, the encounter of Dido and Aeneas, and the final duel between Aeneas and Turnus, as well as Anchises' injunction to Aeneas to "battle the proud" and the depiction of Augustus' doorposts as "proud."


The invention belongs to the field of parallel programming, in particular to a transactional memory system under a distributed environment, which comprises a transaction logic module, a transaction management module, a shared data management module and a network communication module. The transaction logic module is responsible for achieving basic functions of a single transaction, the transactionmanagement module is responsible for managing a plurality of transactions existing in the system, the shared data management module is responsible for managing all distributed shared data in the system and transaction operation related to the distributed shared data, and the network communication module is responsible for receiving network communication information in the shared data management module and enabling the information to be transmitted to shared data management module on a goal node. The transactional memory system can control consistency of distributed shared variable under the distributed environment, enables distributed procedures to be capable of visiting the distributed shared variable in a transaction mode, and does not need to use distributed locks to control the consistency of the shared variable.


Visualization of software applications plays an important part in the process of comprehending new software systems and is even more important due to its increasing complexity. Component-based development works with complex structure of black-box units and paradoxically there is not much choice in terms of both notation and tooling when one needs to visualize structure of these component-based applications. Reverse engineering is available for only a few component models and the state of the practice in visualization is the simple and static component diagram introduced in UML 2.0. In this paper we present a tool that is generic and it is therefore usable for any component-based application. This tool works with an advanced meta-model (ENT) as an intermediate data model to store all the reverse-engineered information about these applications. This information is then available for further visualization. A new notation based on this meta-model is also suggested in this paper which uses several interactive techniques to enhance the comprehension process.


Objective To investigate the relationship between vitamin B6(VB6) and diabetic peripheral neuropathy(DPN) in elderly patients and to explore relative risk factors of DPN. Methods Eighty-seven elderly patients with diabetic mellitus (DM) were divided into DPN group and DM group according to whether presenting with peripheral neuropathy. The differences in the levels of fasting plasma glucose (FPG),2-hour posteprandial blood glucose (2hPG),glycosylated hemoglobin(HbA1c), total cholesterol(TC),triglyceride(TG), VB6 between two groups were analyzed. Results The level of VB6 in DPN group was lower than that in DM group(P0.05),and the levels of FPG and TC were significantly different between the two groups (P0.05),while the levels of 2hPG,TG,HbA1c showed no difference between the two groups (P0.05). Conclusions The occurance of DPN might be related to VB6, and might be related to blood glucose and lipid.


Abstract : This conference will focus on nonlinear partial and integrodifferential equations by considering them as infinite-dimensional dynamical systems. One day will be devoted to new classes of equations that arise via mathematical modelling of large flexible space structures. Some of the topics which will be represented are: Nonlinear Semigroups; Dynamical Systems; Attractors; Reduction to Finite Dimensional Systems; Inertial Manifolds; Bifurcation Theory; Control Theory; Compensated Compactness; Nonlinear Evolution Equations; Reaction-Diffusion Equationsl and Stability Analysis of PDE's.


To evaluate the level of the ship design scheme, several major problems during the ship design virtual test and evaluation process have been studied and technology developed by CATIA virtual platform. Including: fast virtual test model for ship hull surface modeling, virtual modeling and assembly for ship equipment based on knowledge-based engineering, and virtual evaluation combined with ergonomics of the ship design scheme. The cost of the large physical test can reduced by using virtual test and evaluation to evaluate the ship design scheme. The test cycle is short, it is beneficial to improve the development and progress of the level of the ship design technology, and a reliable and practical way to test and evaluation of ship optimization design is presented.


Analysis of historical periodicals through digital tools is still a predominantly text-based field. This paper seeks to expand the toolbox of researchers of these sources, and addresses the observed capability gap, by proposing a new technique for the discovery of appearance patterns in historical newspaper collections. It calls this technique Bleedmapping after the effect it produces, making it seem as if a multitude of pages have "bled through" each other and showing the greatest concentration of articles matching a chosen search parameter visually in an intuitive and easy to interpret manner. This approach greatly extends the toolbox of scholars by providing them a method to explore the metatextual and spatial context of the texts they study. Using a case study on Reynolds' Newspaper this article shows the value of Bleedmapping when used alongside a text-based LDA analysis, showing the prevalence of the British Empire in the paper's "Notices to Correspondents". "The Page Is an Image Again:" Bleedmapping as an Analysis Technique for Historical Newspapers When I was younger, I used to know exactly which page of the paper the sports column was on, just as my father could find the stock updates without looking. The TV-guide had a rear cover dedicated to children's letters and could always be found upside-down on the couch. Books were filled with dogears and would fall open on favourite pages. That we could navigate through these complex textual compositions by referring to their spatial nature – what page and column a certain kind of content lives in are just some intimately everyday examples of the relationship between a text and the spatial context it occupies. When considering the meanings behind any word, our first instinct as researchers, and textually-minded humans, is to look at the words in the spaces around it. Are the signs that point to a more complete understanding of its meaning in the surrounding sentence, paragraph or page? There exist a multitude of techniques that provide researchers with these insights: Latent Dirichlet Analysis, Latent Semantic Indexing, Hierarchical Latent Tree Analysis, Concordance analysis, and many more. Yet all of these ignore the non-textual aspects of a text: the choice of font, the addition of images or embellishments, or the placement on the page. Already in 1927 the French philosopher and poet Paul Valérie wrote in an essay on the importance of the materiality of text. He stated: "Une page est une image. Elle donne une impression totale, présente un bloc ou un système de blocs et de strates, de noirs et de blancs, une tâche de figure et d'intensité plus ou moins heureuse."[1] However, digitised historical collections are often accessible only through a text-based interface [Mussell 2012], which has the effect of masking its non-textual aspects. Other methods have been developed to analyse periodicals in a manner that rescues these sources from being reduced to just text. Some early work on the form of the newspaper stems from [Barnhurst and Nerone 1991], [Barnhurst and Nerone 2002], who provided the theoretical foundations and proved its relevance to studying the cultural connotations of the patterns of placement. Their work relied on a visual close reading of their selection of newspapers, and sought to reach a general context true for all papers, rather than a specific context of one article. It also meant their methods do not scale well to encompass a digitised archive of thousands of newspapers. Additionally, the result of their visual close reading is itself textual, which has been described as problematic by some scholars, as it occludes the original nature of the material [Haskell 1993]. Some effort to address these problems has been made recently by Beals [Beals 2018], however her proposed visualisation of word counts doesn't show the space itself, only an estimate based on the length of text. Meanwhile Moreaux [Moreaux 2016] has shown the value of metadata analysis and visualisation for nineteenth-century newspapers. This article presents a solution to this problem in the form of a tool for visualising the spatial pattern of article placement based on the positional data encoded in its metadata. The visualisation proposed by this paper will allow the heatmapping of common places where a given subset of articles in a periodical appear, allowing for the identification of the context in which a text needs to be seen. Bleedmapping was developed as a tool to answer a simple research question: where do articles appear within a paper's pages, in single issues and over a longer print run of a title? It does so by extracting the positional metadata for each article in a generated subset, and visualising these as grids on a density map (heatmap), creating the effect of thousands of pages being put on top of each other and bleeding through to reveal the meta-textual structure that frames its contents. Answering this question is relevant for all research searching


The purpose of this study was to determine (1) the learning outcomes of students who applied the expository learning model using the "3 In 1" media were better than the expository learning model and (2) students' learning outcomes in mathematics learning the Teams Games Tournament (TGT) learning model using the "3 In 1" media is better than the expository learning model using the "3 In 1" media and the expository learning model. The population in


The present invention relates to a device and method for implanting hair follicle-inducing cells within the scalp. The hair follicle cells are generated by the use of tissue culture process from autologous donor cells. The cells are placed upon a microprojection array for implantation within the scalp utilizing predetermined parameters of angle, density and depth.


The tongue display unit (TDU) is a sensory substitution device that translates visual information into electrotactile stimulation that is applied to the tongue. Blind subjects can learn to use the TDU in various visual tasks, including orientation, motion and shape identification, and spatial navigation. We used the TDU in conjunction with brain imaging techniques in order to study the cerebral correlates of cross-modal brain plasticity. The results show that when blind subjects use the TDU to perform visual tasks that are known to activate the dorsal and ventral visual streams in the sighted, they activate the same brain areas. This suggests that motion and shape processing are organized in a supramodal manner in the human brain and that vision is not necessary for the development of the functional architecture in motion and shape processing areas. We also used the TDU in spatial navigation tasks. The results showed that blind but not blindfolded sighted subjects activated their visual cortex and right parahippocampus during navigation, suggesting that in the absence of vision, cross-modal plasticity permits the recruitment of the same cortical network used for spatial navigation tasks in sighted subjects.


The specific growth rate of heterotrophic bacteria is determined by dividing the production between the biomass, is an indicator of the capacity of the bacterial population to replace its biomass. The eukaryotic heterotrophic flagellates and ciliates are important grazers on bacteria, thus potentially influencing the abundance by selective feeding within the 'microbial loop'. Mid stream surface water samples from all the water courses selected were collected in a sterile glass bottles. Water samples were screened through Whatman GF/A (1.63 μm nominal pore size) glass micro fibre filters. The SGR was calculated by taking only the abundance of bacterioplankton at the beginning (0 h) and at the end (48 h) incubation period. Mean value of SGR of bacteria was similar in the rivers Harangi (0.0024 h), Hemavathy (0.0031 h), Lokapavani (0.0030 h) and Cauvery (0.0033 h). But it was more and significantly different in the river Lakshmanatheertha (0.0042 h). More negative variations of SGR of bacteria was noticed in the river Lakshmanatheertha (15); compared to rivers Harangi (2), Hemavathy (1), Lokapavani (3) and Cauvery (2). The negative growth rates were due to decrease in the observed bacterial cell counts after 48 h incubation. The calculations of Pearson's Correlation Coefficients after log10 transformation showed both negative and positive relations of bacterial abundance with the SGR. The negative correlation implies that, lesser the bacterial abundance higher will be the SGR of planktonic bacteria. Relatively low bacterial abundance could be ascribed to the differential interactions among bacterial growth rate, substrate supply, bacteriophages, bacterivory and other predation in regulating bacterial abundance.


An efficient coding method for arbitrary resolution photogrammetric image is proposed to solve the problems of the compression method for photogrammetric image based on ROI(Region of Interest)in low coding efficiency and the limited applications. The proposed method optimizes the coding bit stream and further improves the coding efficiency by judging the type of A set in ROI. According to the characters of wavelet transform and the coding requirements for photogrammetric image, the problem of the limited resolution existing in the coding of photogrammetric image is resolved by using the region coding. Experiment results show that the proposed method achieves the coding for arbitrary resolution photogrammetric image. Furthermore, the proposed method has achieved higher compression performance as compared with the compression method for photogrammetric image based on ROI without affecting the measurement precision.


5 Abstract We investigate precipitation variability in the ''macroweather'' regime—the intermediate 6 regime between the familiar weather and climate regimes—which is associated to time scales from about 7 10 days to 30–100 years. Macroweather precipitation is characterized by negative fluctuation exponents. 8 This implies—contrary to the weather regime—that fluctuations tend to cancel each other out, they dimin9 ish with time scale, this is important for seasonal, annual, and decadal forecasts. Aiming at a wide-scale 10 range space-time statistical description of macroweather precipitation, we study the scaling of three centen11 nial, global-scale precipitation products (one gauge based, one reanalysis based, and one satellite based) 12 and systematically compare them over wide ranges of time and space scales. Although these products have 13 very similar temporal statistics, at 58 resolution, they only agree with each other after being averaged over 14 scales of several years. In space, there is less agreement on the statistics but—since the data have low reso15 lutions (mostly 58 3 58)—the disagreement is only over a small overall range of scales: the monthly data 16 agree fairly well at scales 208–308 and larger. Moreover, we quantify the outer scale limit of the temporal 17 scaling (20–40 years, depending on the product, on the spatial scale, pixel, or global). Overall, results show 18 that precipitation can be modeled with space-time scaling processes. The improved understanding of the 19 space-time macroweather precipitation variability and the limitations of precipitation products provided by 20 this work opens new perspectives to the stochastic modeling and forecasting of macroweather


Denitrification rates were directly measured by acetylene inhibition technique in a reed bed receiving ground water with high nitrate concentration. Aboveground biomass of reed showed its seasonal maximum (30gN·m-2) in July, when its rhizome reached 40cm and its root 60cm depth, respectively. Total organic carbon content was high in the surface sediment (0-15cm), ranging from 50 to 180mgC·g-1 dry weight. Nitrate concentration in the pore-water varied between sampling dates; high nitrate concentrations of 10-40mgN·l-1 were observed from surface to 15cm depth on some dates, whereas 1-10mgN·l-1 was detected only in the 0-2cm layer on other dates. Denitrification rates on 24 April, 1992 ranged from 200 to 600ngN·cm-3·h-1 between surface and 15cm depth. The rates on other dates, however, were one to two orders less than those values, and denitrification was restricted to 0-5cm sections on most cases. Areal denitrification rates ranged from 1 to 1,200mgN·m-2·d-1, with an integrated annual value of 112gN·m-2·yr-1. Denitrification rates at greater depths (20-160cm) were very low or less than detectable limit in mid-July when the reed aboveground biomass reached its seasonal maximum.


This comparative thesis explores the idea of the moral evaluation of human conduct.
The question to be answered is: Can the seemingly different Western philosophical
perspective of Act Utilitarianism and the non-Western perspective of Mahāyāna
Buddhist philosophy share a complementary system of calculus as a moral evaluation
tool? The thesis answers this question affirmatively by addressing the following key
points:
• Critically analysing points of similarity and difference
• To show that they are practical and can be applied in day to day life for anyone.
• To show that the morality of the person actually determines the calculus.


Purpose
This paper aims to identify critical factors that influence small and medium-sized enterprise (SME) suppliers' involvement in their customers' product development and contrast these with the factors identified from the customer perspective.

Design/methodology/approach
A multiple case study approach was used, including four companies. Data were collected through 32 semi-structured interviews, six workshops and documents.

Findings
A model is presented that merges this study's nine identified critical factors with seven critical factors from the customer perspective. The model provides a dual perspective of supplier involvement in product development, wherein the supplier and customer perspectives are concurrently addressed. Some factors are unique for the supplier, but several mirror those on the customer side.

Research limitations/implications
The study is based on data from SME suppliers in Northern Europe. As it is expected that SME companies are more constrained by limited resources, future studies could study critical factors at larger suppliers.

Practical implications
Customers and suppliers having insights about the critical factors can provide better conditions for product development for the other actor; for example, when evaluating customer–supplier integration.

Originality/value
The presented model of critical factors provides a more nuanced picture of supplier involvement in product development as prior research has been biased toward the customer perspective. This study emphasizes the importance of contextual information that has been unnoticed in the literature.


The microstructures of the immiscible Fe 100-xCu x alloys(x=0,10,20,40,60,80 and 100) produced by mechanical alloying for 80 hours have been investigated by XRD and XAFS. For the Fe 100-xCu x (x≥40), the local structures around Fe atoms change from bcc structure to fcc one and the Cu atoms maintain the original coordination geometry. On the contrary, the local structures around Cu atoms in Fe 100-xCu x alloy display a transition from fcc to bcc structure. It is found that the mechanically alloyed Fe 100-xCu x supersaturated solid solution is not a homogeneous alloy, but consists of Fe-rich and Cu-rich regions for alloys with x20.


ABSTRACT Developed over the last two decades, higher tourism education in China has made a great contribution to the growth of the tourism industry, but is now faced with a variety of challenges in its further development. The article discusses the current situations and problems of higher tourism education in China, analyzes the causes of the problems and then puts forward suggestions to solve them.


The rural residents' minimum standard of living system,as a means of income redistribution,is expected to balance fairness and efficiency so that the income distribution among people is fairer.However,defects in the "access-exit" mechanism aggravates inequality of rural minimal living security.Unjust access and slack exit brings about a series of problems such as the lack of a good support environment.It is urgent that the "access-exit" mechanism of the rural minimal living security were constructed in order to achieve equity.


We propose a novel knowledge grounded dialogue (interview) dataset SPORTSINTERVIEW set in the domain of sports interview. Our dataset contains two types of external knowledge sources as knowledge grounding, and is rich in content, containing about 150K interview sessions and 34K distinct interviewees. Compared to existing knowledge grounded dialogue datasets, our interview dataset is larger in size, comprises natural dialogues revolving around real-world sports matches, and have more than one dimension of external knowledge linking. We performed several experiments on SPORTSINTERVIEW and found that models such as BART fine-tuned on our dataset are able to learn lots of relevant domain knowledge and generate meaningful sentences (questions or responses). However, their performance is still far from humans (by comparing to gold sentences in the dataset) and hence encourages future research utilizing SPORTSINTERVIEW.


Abstract. Biserrula pelecinus L. is a Mediterranean annual pasture legume and performs best on well drained sandy loams and medium loams with a pH 4.5–7. It is not suited to areas prone to waterlogging but persists well, even with hard summer grazing and in rotational systems. It is deep-rooted and remains green long after traditional pastures have dried off. Diversity analysis of germplasm collection of 279 accessions using 18 agro-morphological traits, 22 eco-geographical specifications of the collection sites, and amplified fragment length polymorphisms markers was conducted to develop a core collection of ∼10% of the original collection. This core collection of 30 accessions from seven countries well represented the diversity of the whole collection. This core will be exploited for variation in photosensitivity effect in sheep together with other economically important traits challenging the livestock industry.


A resource allocation framework is presented for spectrum underlay in cognitive radio networks. Novel scheduling schemes aiming at reuse of radio resources by secondary users while considering interference limitations to primary users are proposed. The focus of this work is on investigating how cognitive radio networks can benefit from spectrum sharing while maximizing the multi-user and frequency selective diversity gains, assuming single information stream in both primary and secondary links. Opportunistic interference management is used in conjunction with utility-based scheduling for the radio resource assignment in the downlink channel. Furthermore in one of the proposed schemes, network cooperation between the primary and the secondary network is considered as a means to maximize spectral efficiency.


Nowadays multilevel regression is being often preferred in epidemiological and public health research mainly for the consideration of hierarchical structure of related data. The very few multilevel applications on neonatal mortality have not addressed the measures of area level variation. The aim of this study was an epidemiological appraisal of neonatal mortality using conventional and different multilevel models with a focus on the interpretation of district level variability and district level risk factors. The area level variance has been assessed by different epidemiological measures such as median odds ratio, 80% interval odds ratio, and intra-class correlation. The performance of the models was assessed by the area under the ROC curve, median odds ratio and the rank correlation of observed and model predicted neonatal mortality among the districts. Eight socio-demographic variables (caste, toilet status of the household, cooking fuel used in the household, age of the mother at delivery, father's educational achievement, mother's educational achievement, birth order of the newborn, and the newborn's sex); six pregnancy related variables (swelling status, foetus movement, malaria, excessive vaginal discharge, supplementary nutrition status and jaundice during the pregnancy); and 2 delivery related variables (number of problems during delivery and feeding newborn with colostrums) turned out to be significantly associated with the NMR. Only two district level variables (proportion of mothers belonging to religions other than Hindu & Muslim; and mothers' average education) showed to be significant with NMR. Mothers belonging to other religions explained considerable area level variations. Performance indicators clearly demonstrated the utility of multilevel models in complex data with hierarchical data structure.