In situ photoabsorption properties of titanium(IV) oxide (TiO2) powders under continuous ultraviolet irradiation were investigated by double-beam photoacoustic (PA) spectroscopy. This PA measurement enabled observation of two kinds of ultraviolet-light-induced intermediate species appearing on various kinds of TiO2 powder samples. Most of the samples (type 1) exhibited photoabsorption due to the production of trivalent titanium (Ti3+) species, while transient absorption assigned to trapped holes or surface peroxy species was also observed for anatase samples with a relatively large specific surface area (type 2). Time-resolved measurements and analyses of the kinetics of photoinduced Ti3+ species suggest that electrons accumulated in type-2 samples have high reactivity toward molecular oxygen compared to type-1 samples. Saturation limits of intensity of the PA signal attributed to Ti3+ species under deaerated conditions in the presence of surface-adsorbed methanol were estimated for both types of samples,...


Ultrasonic welding is a solid-state welding process in which similar or dissimilar work pieces are jointed by the application of high frequency vibratory energy, where the work pieces are held together under pressure without melting. The problem faced by researchers and industry which have deals with ultrasonic welding process is poor strength of the weld, due to improper selection of welding parameters. Therefore, we are usually interested to determine which variables process affects the response. A stage is to optimize, this means that we can determine the region in the important factors that lead to the best possible response. In this paper, welding parameters, like welding time, welding pressure and amplitude of the vibration are taken into account during the realization of ultrasonic welded joints of Al/20%SiC composite material under disks form, whose thickness are 1 mm. This work focuses on the development of an effective methodology to determine the optimum conditions for welding, that maximize the strength of joints produced by ultrasonic welding. Here we have investigated the effect of process variables and energy input on joints formation between Al/20%SiC composite material disks, and a report on the optimum welding conditions. A suitable experimental design, based on 2 k factorial design was designed and executed for conducting trials. These designs have a greatly simplified analysis.


The sintered insulation hollow blocks which were produced by joined sawdust pore-forming agent shale were studied in the paper. Firstly,the sintered insulation hollow blocks were manufactured through gradient ratio in the lab,and the influence of adding pore-forming agent for the physical and thermal properties was explored; then 29 row holes sintered shale insulation hollow blocks were produced in a production factory and the compressive strength and heat transfer coefficient were tested. The results show that,the sintering temperature range of shale is from 850 to 1050 ℃ and the optimum sintering temperature is 950 ℃. With the percentage of pore-forming agent increasing,the compressive strength and the bulk density is reduced,and the apparent porosity is increased gradually. When the pore-forming agent is added in an amount of 6%,the firing temperature is 950 ℃,the thermal conductivity of the sample is 0. 1901 W /( m·K) that fall 57. 87% relative to pure shales products. Testing the factory site production products shows that,the compressive strength of 29 row holes plus 6% pore-forming agent shale products is 11. 4 MPa that is in line with national standards. The heat transfer coefficient is 0. 35 W /( m2·K),which satisfies the thermal energy requirement of the cold and cold regions.


Blurred language is tactful,implicit,the Mao Zedong poems have wielded large amount of numerals,adjectives,adverbs,nouns with blurred characteristics,which not only embody the author's subjective affection,but also give reader the space of imagining and associating and leaving a lasting and pleasant impression.


This paper draws upon the current situation within Japanese Higher Education. In particular the paper focuses on educational reforms and how they relate to the notions of Yutori Kyoiku which constituted a major attempt by Japanese education to develop individual student capacity. A clear subtext of the recent neo-liberal reform agenda is a desire to incorporated free-market ideals into the Japanese educational system.

This paper raises several important problems connected to the reforms such as the decrease in classroom hours, changes to the contents of textbooks and a growing discrepancy in academic skills between students in different localities. These education reforms have impacted on notions of Yutori Kyoiku through the continuation of nationally standardized testing and changes directed at controlling the practices of classroom teachers. While acknowledging the current Japanese cabinet's (DP) education policy has been inherited from an earlier LDP government, the paper points to similarities between the current reforms and the iconic Meiji era reforms of the late 1800s.


The quality of human resources is to determine a person's activities in the economy to earn income. While the number of working age population by level of education is higher but still unemploy, it should be brought to the attention of all parties concerned that higher education alone has not been enough to prepare the job search. Based on the data of structure of the population pyramid is dominated by young age, then the Government of Banyuwangi Regency should perform control of birth rates. A large population at a young age can occur due to improvements in the quality of health facilities for the mother and the child so that the level of infant mortality is dropping, just that it can increase the proportion of young population. When controlling the birth rate is not done, can trigger concerns did not materialize "demographic bonus", which at the national level will be achieved by 2025-2030. Based on the data of education workers that still dominated at the level of basic education (primary and JSS finished finished) by 54,86%, then the Office of education (Dinas Pendidikan) should improve school participation rate, i.e. by increasing the number of educators and school facilities adds up to the remote region.


This study aims to test the hypothesis of the relationship between potential, employee competence and work motivation with employee performance at the Public Works and Public Housing (PUPR) Jambi Province. This research is a quantitative research with survey method. The sampling technique used a probability sampling technique with a sample size of 42 PUPR employees. Hypothesis testing using correlation analysis with a significance level of = 0.05. Data Result This research concludes that either partially or simultaneously there are: 1). There is a direct relationship between employee potential (X1) and Employee Performance (Y) with a correlation coefficient of 0.73. 2) a direct relationship between employee competence (X2) and employee performance (Y) with a correlation coefficient of 0.83. 3) a direct relationship between work motivation (X3) and employee performance (Y) with a correlation coefficient of 0.53. 4) there is a simultaneous direct relationship between employee potential (X1), employee competence (X2), and work motivation (X3) with employee performance (Y) , with an Fcount of 68.89 and Ftable of 4.01 with a correlation coefficient (Rx1x2x3Y ) of 0.883. The implication of this research is that based on the results of the analysis, it is known that from the two structural models studied, in the first model, namely employee performance as an endogenous variable, competence is the dominant factor that affects employee performance when compared to work motivation. In structural model 2 which places employee potential as an endogenous variable, it is known that employee performance is the dominant factor, then competence and finally work motivation. Based on these findings, the priority of improving employee performance can be done through increasing potential, employee competence and work motivation.


The aims of this work are to define population distribution and occupation area of four threatened plant species of Aiako Harria Natural Park, namely, Daphne cneorum. Petrocoptis pyrenaica, Saxifraga clusii and Soldanellavillosa, as well as to estimate their population size. Results indicate that each species have different situation in the Natural Park and thus, we suggest to apply different guidelines for their management.


Over the past few decades, the striking levels of economic growth achieved have been accompanied by environmental degradation. Based on the characteristics of indicators on the Commission on Sustainable Development of the United Nations, this study constructs quantitative approaches to evaluate whether the historical data in Taiwan meets the relationship in DSR (Driving-force-State-Response) indicator framework of sustainable development or not. Moreover, this study also coordinates the sustainable development system to plan an optimal strategy path to sustainable development in Taiwan. The results are as expected. The multi-objective integrated model solved by goal programming for sustainable development is proposed to generate as a means for nation to understand what specific actions to take, in order to simulate the allocating results of national policy affecting the social, economic, and environmental system and to measure progress toward sustainable development.


Digital speckle-pattern interferometry systems for automatic measurement of in-plane deformation of a diffuse object are presented, based on phase shifting of a speckle interferogram. Before deformation, three digital speckle patterns are recorded as changing the phase of reference light such as 0,pi/4, pi/2. After deformation, three digital speckle patterns are recorded with phase shifts - pi/2, 3pi/4, pi, respectively. A calculation of the arctangent with phase-shifted speckle pattern gives the optical path difference which is proportional to the deformation.


Recently, technology advancement led to the emergence of nanodevice-based architectures. By exploiting the fine-grain dynamic reconfigurability of these logic cells, nanodevice-based architectures are expected, compared to conventional architectures, to reduce area and cost, and improve performance over a broad range of applications. In order to explore the potential of these architectures, the definition of new CAD tools is required. This paper discusses the challenges for system-level exploration for nanodevice-based architectures and proposes an approach enabling automatic application partitioning and mapping for these architectures.


Distance vector routing algorithms operate by having each router maintain a table giving the best known distance to each destination and which line to use to get there. Genetic algorithms are search algorithms based on mechanics of natural selection and natural genetics. To overcome some of the problems of traditional adaptive routing techniques genetic algorithms can be used. GA's have the capacity of solving complicated solutions in practical systems. Hardware implementation of GA is very fast and it is not sensitive to network size. GA's are very flexible as quality of solution can be adjusted as a function of population size. GA hardware scale well to network that may not even fit in memory. Due to the above reasons GA offers very promising solutions to many problems. In the proposed work parameters used for calculating the routes are hop count and queue length. For better performance of any network, path which is selected for transmission should be such that path with lowest hop count and shortest queue length is selected. Various parameters i.e. throughput, packet delivery ratio, delay, hop count etc. are analyzed to see the performance of the network with and without using GA in


Describes the application of the Leeds Integrated Land-use Transport model (LILT) to the city of Tokyo in Japan. This work is part of the programme of the International Study Group on Land-Use Transport Interaction (ISGLUTI). The study area is described briefly, followed by a discussion of the zoning system and how the data base was set up, including the generalised cost of travel, trip, employment, population and land data. The model is calibrated for 1975 and forecasts made in four periods of 5 yr to 1995. Because no suitable data were available for car ownership for Tokyo this aspect of LILT could not be included, which means that one of the factors underlying the dynamics of the city is missing. Despite this, there is still decentralisation of population and employment, particularly retailing. 17 of the ISGLUTI policy tests, plus 2 to facilitate comparison with CALUTAS, have been carried out. The interpretations of the tests for both CALUTAS and LILT are given. -from Author


Taking steep slope region of Jiyang depression as an example,the FMI logs of glutenite are analyzed,setting up the core vs. image relationship,based on which,the glutenite sedimentary structures and paleocurrent directions could be identified. The FMI map's colors and features are helpful to identification of the sedimentary structures by the fact that different kinds of beddings such as horizontal and parallel bedding,planar,trough and wavy cross bedding,graded bedding and massive bedding can be discerned on the images by fine changes of color within a stratum and dip azimuth between lamina surfaces picked up on them. Penecontemporaneous deformation structures such as load structure,sand ball or pillow and deformed bedding are easily recognized by similar characteristics on images from outcrops or cores. The paleocurrent direction can be deduced by dip direction of cross laminae of glutenite interpreted on images.


At vibrational strain amplitudes in the range 10−4 to 10−3, many metals and alloys exhibit rapid increases in internal friction and modulus defect. For brass and iron these increases have been shown to coincide with the first appearance of slip bands on the external surface. Very strong harmonic generation sets in at the same time, with the second harmonic rising sharply above a square‐law extrapolation. We have made quantitative studies of the spectrum as a function of amplitude up to the fifth harmonic, although higher orders are quite visible. The variation is complex. Some progress has been made in duplicating these spectra using computer modeling with a Fourier analysis of dislocation velocity as a function of stress. By combining mechanical and microscopic data, deductions can be made about the dynamics of the sources, at least in some instances.


The virtual home environment is a powerful concept that enables personal service environment (PSE) portability across network boundaries and between terminals. The device unifying service (DUS) presented in this paper extends the VHE concept by allowing the usage of multiple devices simultaneously and the possibility of adding, removing or changing devices both on the fly or according to predefined profiles.. The user will be able to specify several different personal service environments, professional office environments, private home environments, travelling environments etc., and to select the most appropriate environment for a given time and according to his changing roles. This paper presents the concept of the device unifying service, which will take care of the management, coordination and configuration of all the devices that the user has at his disposal. A discussion regarding the system architecture is given, suggesting the best solution for where to locate this function. In addition, this paper discusses the technologies, emerging and existing, that are required for implementing the device unifying service.


A broad range of substrates consisting of composites with PVC surfaces has demonstrated utility in flooring, wall covering, furniture and automotive. The range of properties available from photocurable topcoats is described. Such topcoats present opportunities for new innovative protective and decorative effects. The impact of coating properties, application techniques and curing parameters and their interactions with substrates are discussed. Detailed understanding of costperformance benefits are required for a successful development program. An ever increasing number of commercial operations are demonstrating the utility of 100 percent solids, low energy consuming photocurable topcoats.


Nowadays, the greatest challenge that the educational system faces is the way we learn. This leads to the need for coming up with much better methods in order to develop and form and turn into habit key life skills, also known as '21st century skills', (problem solving, creativity, teamwork, communication, initiative, leadership, adaptability, etc.). A successful way to accomplish this is project-based learning. The missions that are part of the 'Design thinking' method are an innovative way for its implementation. Therefore, this method is being used during the school year of 2020/2021 in Bacho Kiro High School, town of Pavlikeni, as part of a project under which turned the school into innovative. 'Design thinking' is a process which can be applied to everything that has to be produced, created or solved. This method helps younger pupils organize information and ideas in a better way, understand other people's point of view and their problems more clearly, manage to lay down challenges accurately, think of more creative ideas and find quick ways to put them into practice. Every realized activity or 'Design thinking' project helps pupils understand that they can face unknown challenges as a team and find new solutions. There are seven missions for a single school year. There is one mission in a month, each in five consecutive days for 2 hours a day. Thanks to their creators from the Red Paper Plane, pupils became architects, space-men and discoverers. They await to become ecologists, travelers, meteorologists and automobile designers. All pupils, teachers and parents together have embarked on an incredible journey on the wings of the red paper plane so that the pupils from Bacho Kiro High School, town of Pavlikeni, are happy and successful in the 21st century.


In this paper, a Wavelet Functional Link Neural Network (WFLNN) structure is proposed to comprise the intelligent part of the Feedback Error Learning (FEL) scheme alongside the Proportional, Integral and Derivative (PID) controller. This control structure is used for controlling nonlinear dynamical systems. In particular, the synergy of the wavelet theory and the Functional Link Neural Network (FLNN) suggested in this work results in a more powerful neural structure with better approximation ability compared to those of the individual constituents. To optimize the parameters of the WFLNN, the recently developed Sine Cosine Algorithm (SCA) is adopted with certain modifications to enhance the searching performance of the original algorithm. The proposed algorithm is termed the Modified Sine Cosine Algorithm (MSCA), which has demonstrated superior optimization performance compared to other methods, including the original SCA. By conducting an extensive set of performance tests, the proposed control approach has attained remarkable results in terms of control precision, generalization ability, disturbance rejection, and handling system parameter variations. Moreover, a comparative study has revealed the superiority of the WFLNN compared to other neural network types acting as the feedforward controllers within the framework of the FEL.


In this paper, we proposed an effective and efficient model to evaluate the while space resource distribution in the floorplan/placement. The model discretizes the chip with a homogeneous rectangular mesh, in which the cost of each grid depends on the white space area and the routing congestion. The model has received application in our floorplanner to plan a good white space resource distribution to favor the later stage of repeater planning. On the other hand, non-zero area white-space blocks, which will join the formation of floorplan configurations, are introduced to adjust the amount and distribution of white space resources. Finally, a novel graph-based repeater assignment algorithm is devised to achieve the repeater planning. The number of nets failing to meet the repeater insertion constraint is reduced by 15.6 % on penalty of 2.2 % area usage reduction.


The dental profession has as its main purpose the provision of safe help, aimed at minimizing risks and establishing an open culture, related to patient safety. Different strategies such as identification of patient safety threats have been developed for this purpose through a report of incidents, indentification of best practice, communication and education. Eastern Academic Journal ISSN: 2367-7384 Issue 4, pp. 33-40, December, 2017 34 www.e-acadjournal.org The most common errors associated with pain management, medication errors, misguided documentation, absence of informed consent, non compliance with medical standards and rules for good medical practice. The question of dental practice errors is particularly relevant these days. His discussion will lead to more clarity and correct understanding of the problem by the dental profession.


The present proposal is aimed at improving the brand positioning and customer service of the Veracruz Bakery, located in Villavicencio (Meta), emphasizing the value of organizational communication to achieve this. The starting point is the identification of the problem, taking into account that even when small and medium enterprises are considered a major engine of the country's economy, very few have a formally structured organizational communication department.
It has been postulated theoretically that organizational communication is fundamental to harmonize and carry out various processes within each company, so that these processes are effective and effective in meeting corporate objectives. Evidence of this is the great relevance that many successful organizations have given to the development and implementation of such strategies.
Small and medium-sized companies have been classified as those with the greatest momentum and growth in the country, not only because of their contribution to employment, but also because their smaller size allows them to better deal with the economic slowdown; but these, for the most part, do not have an organizational communication department within their structure.
Colombia being a country with great potential in the development of SME companies, it is essential to contribute to the development and strengthening of these companies, and among many, one way to achieve this is to identify the best way to establish an organizational communication plan that truly responds to your needs. needs While the Panaderia Veracruz is a medium-sized industry with potential, and for having a significant permanence within the sector of the sale of confectionery products in the city of Villavicencio (capital of the department of Meta), there is identified an opportunity to intervene from the administrative scope, and in this way proceed to develop a proposal focused on communication that can be implemented as part of an administrative management plan.
The academic impact of the present investigation is, first of all, in having formulated a proposal that implies a theoretical revision that could be put into practice; In this way, the importance of giving a foundation to administrative management in organizations is evident.

Therefore, the academy offers the knowledge, techniques and methods that it has developed over time, so that these have real incidence in the industrial economic sectors. Above all, taking into account that the work was carried out in a department of the country that has stood out for the development of economic activities different from bakery and confectionery. In this sense, the research seeks to generate a high impact from the academia on the social, and create awareness that the research work; the theoretical development, and the formulation of methodologies such as the approach of a communication diagnosis, the development of a Vester Matrix and the hierarchy of problems from a problem tree, aimed at giving value to communication judgments, and benefit of small entrepreneurs and researchers.


W hat is in a word? Degenerative disc disease—a disease or a focal syndrome? A semantic exploration of spinal terminology and its inferences to current concepts and our practice. This focus issue is entirely devoted to symptomatic or imaging-based fi ndings that occur at a segment adjacent to a previously operated spinal motion segment. Already 60 years ago, the fi nding of "adjacent segment disease" (ASD) was reported in case reports as a relatively unusual complication of lumbar or lumbosacral fusions. 1 , 2 There are, however, still today a number of unanswered questions regarding what has become frequently referred to as "ASD." What we do know is that what was originally thought to be rare is now considered a potential complication of all spine surgery, particularly arthrodesis. Despite an increasing body of literature, there are many unanswered questions, as follows, related to this topic.


We conducted visual fish surveys in coexisting mangrove‐coral (CMC) habitats in Panama to analyze the effect of coral presence in mangrove habitats on the fish assemblage. Our study revealed that CMC habitats harbor distinct fish assemblages compared to mangrove habitats without coral, with greater species richness and increased herbivore abundance.


In this paper, we use the Stein-Chen method to determine a bound for the total variation distance between the distribution of random sums of independent Poisson random variables and an appropriate Poisson distribution. Two examples have been given to illustrate the result obtained.


The popularity of the Enterprise Service Bus (ESB) pattern as a foundation of Service Oriented Architectures (SOA) for enterprise environments is increasing. Java Business Integration (JSR-208) is an attempt at Java-centric standardization of the ESB pattern. JSR-208 lacks a complete monitoring facility, which nowadays is crucial for management of complex enterprise environments and for establishing Quality of Service (QoS) and Service Level Agreements (SLA). The aim of this paper is to propose JBI-compliant monitoring enrichment without container source modification, which is realized by means of Aspect Oriented Programming (AOP). The instrumentation design is based on analysis of interfaces specified in JBI and is further verified on the ServiceMix and OpenESB open source JBI containers. The result is a monitoring mechanism compatible with any JBI container and compliant with all stated requirements.


SMS Mo- bile Application Gaul is a mobile application (HP) to use the SMS service and SMS Emo Alay, as an al- ternative medium to use SMS services to subscribers Telkomsel special Gaul. This application uses the programming language Java 2 Micro Edition (J2ME) and is portable (it can run on any device) because the innate nature of programming languages??, the ap- plication is compiled using wireless software tool kit version 2.5.201:T hispaperdiscussesthestepsGaulSMSapplicationdevelopment;includingdisplaydesign;systemdesignusingUML:T estsareconductedusingHPN50406513


FIELD: mechanical engineering. SUBSTANCE: invention refers to threaded joints for steel pipes. Threaded joint contains nipple and coupling which have threaded and non-threaded part for metal surfaces contact respectively. The threaded joint has the first deposited layer of Sn-Bi alloy or Sn-Bi-Cu alloy formed on contact surface of at least one nipple and coupling. The threaded joint may have the second deposited layer formed via pretinning, coppering or nickel-plating at down side of the first deposited layer and at least one layer of lubrication coating and extra hard lubrication coating at upper side of the first deposited layer. EFFECT: providing enough leakage resistance and sliding strength when used for spinning-up of oil-grade pipes. 8 cl, 9 dwg


Recommender Systems provide customers with information in the form of recommendations that helps to decide which products to purchase. In recent days these traditional Recommender Systems are facing a service overload problems as the data is increasing tremendously and analyzing such large dataset is a challenging task. Such large volume of data is termed as Big Data. Most of the existing service Recommender Systems provides same rating to users without considering diverse user's preferences. User based Collaborative Filtering approach for recommending appropriate service to users based on their preferences has been proposed. The model uses weighted average approach to calculate the personalized rating of a service for the active user. The proposed model will mainly focus on custom-made service recommendations which use keywords to indicate current user-preferences and the model is implemented in HADOOP to meet its scalability and efficiency. Keywords—Recommender Systems, Big Data, Collaborative Filtering, HADOOP.


Background: Thrombocytosis in breast cancer (BC) patient was thought to play a role in the invasiveness of breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs). Modification of tumor microenvironment was proposed to increase the efficacy of anticancer therapy. This study was aimed to analyze the effect of platelet lysate (PL) as well as its PDGF-AB content as a tumor microenvironment on (CD24 - /CD44 + ) BCSC proliferation. Methods: This was an experimental study that treated culture of BCSCs with PL from breast cancer (BC) patients or healthy donors. Venous blood from all subjects were subjected to prior hematology test and then processed to obtain platelet rich plasma  (PRP). Platelet counts in PRP were determined. PRP was processed to obtain PL. PDGF-AB contents in PL were measured. PL at concentrations of 0.01% (v/v) was supplemented into DMEM-F12 medium and used for culturing BCSCs (CD24 - /CD44 + cells). After 48 hours, total cell count, population doubling time (PDT), and cell viability were calculated and their correlation with platelet count and PDGF-AB levels were analyzed. Results: BC patients (n=5) had higher platelet counts and PDGF-AB levels in PL compared to healthy donors (n=15), (p=0.02). PL from BC patients could stimulate the proliferation of BCSCs higher than healthy donors (p<0.001) and showed lower PDT value (p=0.001). Cell proliferation and PDT showed strong correlation with PDGF-AB level. This observation suggests that PDGF-AB has a role on BCSCs proliferation. PL showed no effect on BCSCs viability. Conclusion: Breast cancer patient platelet lysate stimulated BCSC proliferation.


The forces exerted by electric fields on particles suspended in biological fluids are examined. Both charged particles and polarlzable bodies are treated and expressions for the current flow under the influence of an electric field are obtained.


Methods and apparatus for noninvasively estimating a blood pressure are provided. A bandpass filter is applied to a second heart sound (S2) component to generate a filtered S2 component. The bandpass filter has a lower cutoff frequency greater than a maximum frequency of the S2 component. The maximum frequency of the S2 component is estimated using the filtered S2 component, a predetermined relationship is applied between the estimated maximum frequency and blood pressure to generate a blood pressure estimate and the blood pressure estimate is displayed.


In this paper, the effect of the heat-pipe cooling system design processes on the reliability of the power module in a railway propulsion inverter was investigated. The existing design processes for the heat-pipe cooling system guarantee that the junction temperature of power devices does not exceed the maximum allowable junction temperature when the railway propulsion inverter operates under its mission profile; therefore, each step of the design process was reviewed to analyze the effect of the heat-pipe cooling system. Based on the processes, in the calculation for the required thermal resistance of the heat-pipe cooling system, two difference losses were considered with the thermal resistances of the insulated gate bipolar mode transistor (IGBT) module and the thermal grease at an interface between the baseplate of IGBT module and heat-pipe cooling system. The control scheme and mission profile of the train were taken into account to calculate the power losses. Then, the designed heat-pipe cooling systems were compared in terms of the size and weight. In addition, the junction temperatures and lifetimes of the power module with heat-pipe cooling systems designed by different power losses were estimated and compared. Finally, guidelines for a heat-pipe system cooling design are proposed.


Objective:To evaluate the pulmonary ve nous(PV)flow dynamics before and after percufaneous balloon mi tral valvu lo plasty(PBMV)and the correlation between PV flow and left atrial pres sure(LAP).Methods:In a group of26patients with mitral stenosis,14had sinus sinus rhythm and12had atrial fib ril la tion.Be fore and three days after PBMV,transesophageal echocardiography(TEE)was con ducted to recorded the PV flow dynamics,measure the peak flow velocity and velocity-time integrals of systolic PV flow(S),di astolic PV flow(D)and atrial re versal flow(AR).The corre la tion between LAP and peak flow velocity,ve locity-time in te grals of PV flow patterns were also analysied.Re sults:PB MV resulted in signif icant in crease in mitral valve area[(0.86±0.14)cm 2 vs(1.51±0.32)cm 2 ,P0.01]and sig nifi cant decrease in LAP.LAP corre lated negatively to PV S ,S VTI in sinus rhythm and PV D ,D VTI in atrial fib rilla tion.Con clu sion:The non in vasive parameters obtained from PV flow by Doppler echocardio graphy pro vided us a hemodynam ic assessment of left atrial pressure in patients with mi tral stenosis.


This study investigates characteristic of THC and NOx emission and engine behavior with the change of injection timing in turbo-charged direct injection engine fueled with LPG (T-LPDI). THC emission varies depends on engine speed and load, however injection timing has no effect to THC emission. LPG has fine characterisric of atomization, so combustion efficiency is increased. Injection timing has effect to NOx emission as premixed rate and intake air mass is changed. As a result bTDC 310˚CA is compromised injection timing. Particulate number varies depends on engine speed and load because of combustion period and intensity of air flow.


Estimation for obesity levels is always an important topic in medical field since it can provide useful guidance for people that would like to lose weight or keep fit. The article tries to find a model that can predict obesity and provides people with the information of how to avoid overweight. To be more specific, this article applied dimension reduction to the data set to simplify the data and tried to Figure out a most decisive feature of obesity through Principal Component Analysis (PCA) based on the data set. The article also used some machine learning methods like Support Vector Machine (SVM), Decision Tree to do prediction of obesity and wanted to find the major reason of obesity. In addition, the article uses Artificial Neural Network (ANN) to do prediction which has more powerful feature extraction ability to do this. Finally, the article found that family history of obesity is the most decisive feature, and it may because of obesity may be greatly affected by genes or the family eating diet may have great influence. And both ANN and Decision tree's accuracy of prediction is higher than 90%.


This article presents two interview strategies used to assess college students' developmental growth toward self-authorship. We illustrate that self-authorship is a foundation for achieving many college learning outcomes and argue that designing practice to promote self-authorship requires understanding how to assess it. We offer a brief overview of the concept of self-authorship, explore the basic tenets of assessing self-authorship, and describe in detail two self-authorship interview strategies. The conversational nature of the interviews creates a learning partnership between interviewer and interviewee that serves the dual role of assessment and developmental intervention. Challenges and benefits of using these interview strategies to assess and promote self-authorship will help readers judge their utility in future research and practice.


Targeting vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) alone does not improve overall survival (OS) in recurrent glioblastoma (rGBM). The angiopoiein (Ang)–TIE2 system may play a role in tumor survival under VEGF inhibition. We conducted a phase 2, double‐blinded, placebo‐controlled trial of bevacizumab plus trebananib (a novel Fc fusion protein that sequesters Ang1/Ang2) over bevacizumab alone in rGBM.


This paper aims to problematize one of the most controversial issues regarding the representations of violence and the productions of memory: the category of the victim and the problem of victimization. The notion of "threshold" is proposed to understand in a more complex way the conceptions of the victim formulated within the Human Rights paradigm, because it is in that framework that the notion of victim appears as we understand it nowadays. The paper takes as a case study the memory narratives in Peru, since the armed conflict from which these narratives arise has left innumerable signs of a thorny and multifactorial victimization, evidencing the limitations of rigid models usually used to understand this category.


Longtan tunnel,a key part of HU-Rong Expressway engineering including many geological problems such as shallow cover,unsymmetrical pressure,water rush,mud rush and rock burst,is a representative of long and broad expressway tunnel under complex geological conditions.It is very difficult for engineer to build tunnels with shallow cover and unsymmetrical loading.The design and construction of Longtan Tunnel are described from safety point of excavation and support.FLAC~(3D) is used to simulate the excavation and supporting process of the exit section of Longtan Tunnel under the condition of shallow cover and uneven pressure. Some conclusions are drawn through analyzing the characters of stress and displacement fields and plastic zone of surrounding rock after excavation.It will be useful for the project construction.


This thesis makes a brief introduction to agricultural nonpoint source pollution (NPS),and analyzes the reasons and phenomenon of agricultural NPS.The paper think organic agriculture can meet sustainable development,and puts forward the framework of the environmental economic policies to eradicate agricultural NPS base on the development of organic agriculture.


There is growing adoption of corporate sustainability practice in both for-profit and not-for-profit organizations. This proliferation is largely due to the increasing concerns for social, environmental and economic factors in which we assume shared responsibility. Despite the growing attention of researchers and practitioners, several corporations failed to meet their sustainability responsibilities. Several reasons could be associated to this phenomenon such as lack of regulatory mechanism, accountability, etc. This review, however, seeks to examine how nongovernmental organizations (henceforth, NGOs) influence corporate sustainability adoption (i.e. sustainability reporting). In the review of prior research, we leveraged the institutional-legitimacy and corporate governance theories. The findings suggest that NGOs have greater potential in sustainability discourse through two salient actions, namely (1) collaborative partnership, and (2) confrontational tactics. While the former promotes stakeholder involvement in corporate decision making through dialogue, joint-projects on CSR, sustainability reporting, the latter, however, is the last resort – involving "naming and shaming" corporations for poor social and environmental performance through public and social media. The objective of such action is to cause reputational damage to businesses. Finally, it is also observed that crucial to NGO power and influence is the collaboration with government and civil society organizations in the fight for environmental sustainability and accountability.


Introduction: Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 (T2DM) is a chronic disease that will be suffered for life, so it is necessary to provide education to patients and families so that it is easy to understand the course of the disease, prevention and obstacles in the management of T2DM. Family empowerment can be started by optimizing family functions to help patients with T2DM to adapt and comply with self-care actions through four dimensions, empathic (emotional), encouragement (reward), facilitative (instrumental), and participatory (participation). This systematic review aims to identify and evaluate the effect of family empowerment interventions on self-care for T2DM patients.
Methods: The database used for article searches consisted of EBSCO, PubMed and ProQuest using relevant keywords based on the topic and title of the study. The selection of articles used the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) diagram method, the overall results were 2,635 articles and 8 articles that fit the inclusion criteria and were analyzed descriptively narrative and had met the methodological quality study according to JBI guidelines (Joanna Briggs Critical Appraising Methodology).
Results: 8 articles with the Family Empowerment Process Model intervention program and the Diabetes Mellitus Education Program which is a family-oriented program that includes education classes, group discussions, home visits, and telephone follow-up. Education is provided to families through direct discussion and through telephone calls with a duration of each call of approximately 15 to 20 minutes scheduled for 9 am to 12 noon. Follow-up was done by telephone in the intervention group for approximately 3 months to 12 months.
Conclusion: The findings of this systematic review indicate that family empowerment interventions based on health education can have a good effect on improving self-care for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus


Black women tend to have fuller, more curvy figures than other women. Their body types do not necessarily meet the "fitness industry standard" of smaller frames and thinner bodies. This fitness manual offers black women a different ideal to work toward - one suited to their unique physiques. MaDonna Grimes presents a plan which includes hip-hop and Afro-Latin dance moves, weight training, stretching, and proper nutrition.


Abstract Light weight structural materials are in high demand these days due to the limited oil and gas reserves and global inclination to reduce the green house gas (CO2) emission. Magnesium based materials are the lightest engineering materials in the earth. Magnesium alloys that contain aluminium and zinc are known as AZ alloys. These alloys are reasonably priced, easily available, and used in many engineering applications. Various attempts have been made in recent years to further improve the properties of these alloys through the addition of rare earth elements, calcium (Ca), silicon (Si) as well as adding different types of nanoparticles. The addition of Ca has been shown to assist in grain refinement and enhancing corrosion resistance as well as thermal and mechanical properties of magnesium alloys while Nano-sized particles helps to improve ductility, in general. In the present study, new AZ41/1.5Al2O3-1Ca magnesium Nano composite was successfully synthesized by simultaneously adding 1 wt. % alumi...


We fabricated a novel chitosan-carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) layer-by-layer assembly system to facilitate the postharvest quality of the fresh produce. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), TA-XT2 texture analyzer, water vapor permeability (WVP) analyzer, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were applied to compare the properties of chitosan and layer-by-layer assembly. The strategy involved the optimization of water vapor permeability, puncture strength, and elasticity properties of multiplayer polymer coating. Results showed that the lemon (Citrus limon (L.) Burm. f.), coated by chitosan-CMC layer-by-layer assembly, displayed significantly higher lemon firmness and vitamin C content with excellent morphology, as well as inhibited weight loss and flesh browning. This study could provide support for quality maintenance in the fruit and vegetable industry and make a significant contribution to the utilization of the natural polysaccharide as a viable resource.


Andrew Walker examines playwright Mary Kelly's writings on village theatre and her production of agrarian pageantry for purposes of expanding notions of the genres and cultural impacts of rural modernity. Kelly, best known as the model for Miss La Trobe in Virginia Woolf's Between the Acts, enjoyed success as a director of rural theatre in the 1920s and 1930s. This led to two influential books on rural arts, How to Make a Pageant (1936) and Village Theatre (1939). Envisioning the theatre as an outgrowth of folk religion and mythology grounded in agricultural and fertility ritual—a vision taken up to great effect by T. S. Eliot—Kelly advocated a theatre run by and on behalf of rural performers, producers, and audience. This chapter looks at her development of these ideas in print and practice as a way of examining interwar rural dramatic production writ large.


Purpose: Purpose of this paper is to study the effective thermal conductivity of infinite unidirectional circular cylinders arbitrary distributed in a uniform host. Design/methodology/approach: Applying the method of complex potentials we present the heat flux as a complex analytic function in the section of the fibre composite perpendicular to the direction of the cylinders. Findings: The flux is written in the form of a series. Special attention is paid to the question of polydispersity, when many cylinders of different radii are distributed in the periodicity cell. Research limitations/implications: The proposed exact formulas hold for fiber composites. Practical implications: The deduced formulas are useful in prediction and estimation of the effective thermal conductivity of fiber composites. Originality/value: The obtained formulas for the effective conductivity are new and were not known before.


El Paso Water Utilities, which serves one of the nation's fastest growing metropolitan areas, faced a daunting future in 1989, with dire predictions of water supply exhaustion, a growing water demand, and limited financial resources. The high population growth rate, arid climate, scarce water resources, aging water infrastructure, and growing economy combined to challenge the resourcefulness of the EPWU staff and policy makers. EPWU's asset management program includes the use of advanced condition assessment technologies and the installation of a state-ofthe-art SCADA system to monitor and control water facilities. Like many pumped water systems, EPWU's is prone to transient pressures; and to detect the transient pressures, EPWU implemented the most intensive transient pressure monitoring program in the US, which at present consists of 19 continuously monitored stations. The details of this system, as well as the results and benefits are discussed.


This paper deals with design of controlled adder /subtractor cell using Shannon based full adder with pass transistor logic. The proposed adder used only 14 transistors for full adder implementation. Simulations were performed by Microwind 3.1 and DSCH 2 VLSI CAD tools and BSIM 4 for parametric analysis of various features. The analysis is done on the basis of power consumption, delay and area occupied and theses are compared with previous papers and we are good to enhance these parameters.


AbstractComprehensive boundary layer measurements from a drift station on first-year ice in the late summer of 2012 in the Nansen basin, when stable stratification in the upper ocean extended all the way to the surface, are analyzed. Observed quadratic ice–ocean drag coefficients, based on measurements of wind stress, are roughly 3.6 × 10−3, consistent with neutral-stability Rossby similarity scaling. The turning angles of 32°–39° between surface velocity and stress are larger than Rossby similarity predicts and obey a different scaling. This can be explained by the shallow pycnocline forcing the Ekman transport into a thin layer and modeled roughly employing a simple first-order correction to Rossby similarity. Turbulent shear stress in the ice–ocean boundary layer is on average 3 times smaller than the estimate based on wind stress, possibly because internal wave drag was significant. This lowers vertical scalar fluxes by 38% compared to a scenario where turbulent stress accounts for the total drag. The...


This article focuses on developing a four-quadrant position sensorless technique for switched reluctance machine (SRM) to meet the operating requirements of electric vehicles (EVs). The technique combines two different sensorless schemes and is implemented by the sensorless rules based on the rotor position partition. At startup and low speeds, the zones are identified based on the comparison of unsaturated inductances obtained by pulse current slope difference method, and the segmented Fourier series inductance model or the segmented linear inductance model is selected for position estimation according to the identified zones. At medium to high speeds, the zones are identified based on the comparison of flux linkage generated by excitation current and auxiliary chopping current. Only the segmented linear flux-linkage model is used for position estimation to reduce the computational burden of the processor. The transition methods are also presented to achieve seamless combination between the two sensorless schemes and the smooth transition from motoring to braking. This technique can deliver high-resolution rotor positions in full cycle and is implemented fast and easily. The experimental results on a 1.2-kW 12/8-pole SRM prototype verify the feasibility and correctness of the proposed sensorless control technique.


The purification and characterisation of one of the key enzymes in the conversion of xylose to ethanol, xylitol dehydrogenase (XD), from Neurospora crassa is reported. This organism has the unique ability to directly convert biomass to ethanol. The enzyme was purified 81-fold by fractional ammonium sulfate precipitation, column chromatography on DEAE-cellulose, Sephacryl S-200 and β-NAD agarose. The purified enzyme had a native molecular mass of 87 kDa (gel filtration) and was composed of two identical subunits of molecular mass 43.6 kDa (SDS-PAGE). The enzyme was most active at pH 8.4 and at 28°C. It was most stable at pH 7 and at 4°C. It was activated by Mg2+ and stabilised by Ca2+, Mg2+ and Mn2+. It showed activity towards xylitol and sorbitol, the respective Kms being 28.5 and 100 mM and the Km for NAD was 0.7 mM.


Considering the influence of wave pressure on the stress state of seabed soil,the pile-soil interaction system in ocean was modelled mathematically based on the Biot consolidation theory and the fictitious pile technique.Such a model was solved by use of FlexPDE software and the lateral soil pressure on the pile shaft,the effective normal stress around the pile and the distribution of relative horizontal displacement and vertical displacement in the free soil field were obtained.The results are of reference for designing and monitoring offshore pile foundation.


1. Atabrine in does of 5, 10, 12 mgm. per kg. given intraperitoneally or intravenously can alter the electro-corticogram of cats in nembutal anesthesia. The rapid wave frequency usually disappeared and only slow waves of low amplitude remained. 2. This central depressant action of atabrine seems to be independent of the atabrine blood concentration and appears to be related to the atabrine content of the brain. This effect was observed within a few minutes following intravenous injection, but usually did not appear until one hour or longer after the injection; it persisted, depending upon the dose given for 1-4 hours. [See table in the PDF file] 3. A similar atabrine action was seen in the electrocorticogram of pithed frogs following the injection of 0.5 mg.-1 mg. atabrine. 2 mgm.-3 mgm. of atabrine injected into the thoracic lymph sac blocked the righting reflexes and reduced the motility of the animals; it was followed by a reversible paresis lasting several hours or by irreversible paralysis in spite of a continued heart action, finally leading to death. 4. Our results tend to support clinical observations of central disturbances occurring during, or following the administration of atabrine.


Colubrina travancorica Bedd. is a member in Rhamnaceae family. The plant is endemic to southern Western Ghats. It is traditionally used to relieve pain. Eventhough several species of Colubrina has been used in traditional medicine and in industry, scientific experiments are lacking in Colubrina travancorica. The aim of the present study, as a part of quantitative microscopy, stomatal number, stomatal index, trichome length & breadth and veinislet number were determined. Two solvents viz; water and methanol was used to obtain extracts from powdered plant parts. The extracts were subjected to qualitative phytochemical screening using standard procedure. Water extract of stem, leaf and roots shows the presence of diverse group of phytochemicals. Powder analysis and reaction with different reagents can be used for the identification of the various parts of the plant. The present study, phytochemical evaluation of the leaf, stem and root extract has been undertaken as an initial step to understand the pharmaceutical potential of the plant.


Prompt tuning is a parameter-efficient tuning (PETuning) method for utilizing pre-trained models (PTMs) that simply prepends a soft prompt to the input and only optimizes the prompt to adapt PTMs to downstream tasks. Although it is parameter- and deployment-efficient, its performance still lags behind other state-of-the-art PETuning methods. Besides, the training cost of prompt tuning is not significantly reduced due to the back-propagation through the entire model. Through empirical analyses, we shed some light on the lagging performance of prompt tuning and recognize a trade-off between the propagation distance from label signals to the inserted prompt and the influence of the prompt on model outputs. Further, we present Late Prompt Tuning (LPT) that inserts a late prompt into an intermediate layer of the PTM instead of the input layer or all layers. The late prompt is obtained by a neural prompt generator conditioned on the hidden states before the prompt insertion layer and therefore is instance-dependent. Through extensive experimental results across various tasks and PTMs, we show that LPT can achieve competitive performance to full model tuning and other PETuning methods under both full-data and few-shot scenarios while possessing faster training speed and lower memory cost.


Even the most casual observer is aware of the fact that there are different kinds of birds about him. Some he recognizes by name. He may be able to distinguish the robin, blue jay, cardinal, English sparrow, or crow, as quite different from one another in appearance and habits, and in the sorts of places where they live and raise their young. The average observer would recognize them as species, distinguishable by their appearance, habits, voice, and habitats. What is more important, each bird recognizes its own kind. As a result one species does not ordinarily mate with the opposite sex of a different species; if it does, fertile offspring ordinarily do not result. This inability or disinclination of two kinds of birds to interbreed is the criterion usually accepted as distinguishing separate species.


Abstract It is an effective way to decrease power consumption, pollution emission, to increase productivity and improve ingot quality by using lower CaF2 content even CaF2 free slag during the electro-slag remelting (ESR) process. In this study, a conventional slag, namely ANF-8 with composition of 60 mass%CaF2-20 mass%CaO-20 mass%Al2O3 was chosen as a reference slag. A new quaternary slag system of CaF2-CaO-Al2O3-SiO2 with four lower CaF2 content levels in mass fraction, 59%, 55%, 50%, 45% were prepared and labeled as S1, S2, S3 and S4 respectively. The effects of CaF2 content and temperature on the physical properties of the slag were investigated. The results showed that the melting points and the conductivity of the samples S1–S4 were all lower than those of the sample ANF-8. The melting point and the conductivity (1600 °C) of Sample S4 achieved 1372 °C and 1.936 Ω−1·cm−1, respectively. The conductivities of Sample S4 at 1550–1650 °C reached 1.741–2.131 Ω−1·cm−1, and were lower than those of ANF-8 and S1–S3. Considering the physical properties of the four new slags in the CaF2-CaO-Al2O3-SiO2 quaternary system and low CaF2 in the slag to decrease the power consumption and pollution emission, the slag S4 was the most suitable for the ESR process.


This is the summary of a talk given at CIPANP 2018. I briefly introduce neural networks and then discuss a new technique for model-independent new physics searches in background-dominated datasets.


Significantly fewer of the patients treated with EC-MPS required dose reductions than MMF patients, especially early after transplant at 1 month (2.9% vs. 16.4% of patients, respectively, p=0.008) and 3 months (7.3% vs. 29.5% of patients, p=0.001). In addition, there were almost twice as many episodes of acute allograft dysfunction and biopsy-proven rejection in the MMF-treated group compared with the EC-MPS-treated group. Otherwise, the adverse events and tolerability profiles of the two agents were very similar and not significantly different at six months.


Tony Williams, Hearths of Darkness: The Family in the American Horror Film (Jackson: University Press of Mississippi, 2014)Meals have long been seen as a means of uniting family and friends. As the adage insists, 'the family that eats together, stays together.' Conventional, optimistic images of a family sitting down at the table tend to picture the family members sharing particular events that occurred during the day, asking and giving advice, and laughing. Norman Rockwell's 1943 classic painting 'Thanksgiving Dinner', part of his 'Freedom from Want' series, is a case in point. Rockwell's painting is a quintessential depiction of the American family happily celebrating an abundance of food and love together. This glossy depiction, however, is frequently inverted in horror film. One need only think of the parodic depiction of the Sawyer family sitting down to dinner with their 'guest' Sally in Tobe Hooper's Texas Chain Saw Massacre (1974). For the Sawyers, it seems, 'the family that slays together, stays together.' Their world is one that celebrates violence and highlights the underside of the American Dream, one where consumer capitalism has forced people to live on the margins and eek out a meager living literally on the flesh of others.Within the horror-film genre, the Sawyer family is not unusual. We see similar scenes of family violence and discord throughout the history of the horror in film and television. Season One of FX's American Horror Story (2011) features not one but three dysfunctional families: the Harmons, the Langdons and the Montgomerys. The focus on the depiction of the family in horror in Tony Williams' book Hearths of Darkness (2014) (an updated edition of the original 1996 release) is therefore a welcome one. Much like critic Robin Wood, Williams' focuses in this book on horror as an internal rather than an external threat to the family.1Hearths is an interdisciplinary work that draws on, and combines, Freudian-Marxist theory with feminist critique. This criticism examines the ways in which patriarchal social structures construct repressive gender and societal roles, which by extension foster deviant behaviour in individuals. Williams grounds his argument by situating the films within their cultural and historical milieu. This provides a valuable context that highlights how the films reflect the socio-political period in which they were produced. He divides his work into twelve chapters plus an 'Introduction to the New Edition' and a 'Postscript'.Examining approximately 300 films, from the 1930s to the present day, Williams begins with Universal's classic Frankenstein films from the 1930s and Val Lewton's productions with RKO Pictures in the 1940s. However, he glosses over 1950s horror films for no apparent reason and moves straight to a discussion of 1960s horror, positing Hitchcock as a seminal influence on the overall genre of family horror. In other words, Williams situates the 1960s as the moment when the 'material factors behind horror become prominent' (p. 71). It is only with his discussion of 1970s horror films, such as The Exorcist (1973), Texas Chain Saw Massacre (1974), The Omen (1976), and The Hills Have Eyes (1977), that Williams's real passion becomes evident. Williams states that '[t]he family horror films of the 1970s represented an important movement within a genre that then had the potential of operating as a powerful cultural counterforce influence to suggest the necessity for fundamental change in human society' (p. 4). He continues by contending that, from the end of the 1970s onward, horror becomes mostly a display of 'self-indulgent exercises in gore and special effects' (p. 5). His tendency to dismiss later films is unfortunate, given the many examples of distorted and deformed families represented in horror over the last thirty years, such as The Shining (1980), Poltergeist (1982), The Fly (1986), Near Dark (1987), The People Under the Stairs (1991), Vampires (1998), Insidious (2010), Sinister (2012), and House at the End of the Street (2012), to name but a few. …


2:05 – 2:25 A Framework for SPICE Modeling of Domain-Wall Logic Devices Andrew Timm, Mustafa Shihab, Vinay Sreenivasa, Shoaib Rehman, Joseph S. Friedman (ECE) This research builds upon a previous magnetic domain-wall device with a magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) as a feasible device for use in logical functions. While the previous research provided insights by cross-correlation of results between SPICE and OOMMF simulation software tools, the present research provides a simplified, SPICE-only behavioral model for limited use in studying the cascade-ability of such devices.


~ . I thought the last issue (MayJune 1998, Vol. 8, No. 3) was unusually good, lots of information and lots of controversy. ~ ~ \ B o b Limmer's scientific approach to hair counts and grafts survival continues to amaze me. I, too, do not understand the density controversy. I can get as much density as I want with follicular unit transplantation, but it is just not necessary, and in fact it is counterproductive. It is better to have a thinning look and preserve donor hair for future use. Large grafts are very inefficient. They seldom grow 100%, and in order to appear natural, they require extreme density, or result in plugginess. As a result, they rapidly deplete the donor hair. I have many patients with isolated large grafts, a pluggy appearance, and no donor hair remaining to refine them (see photo.) The only solution is to take out the large grafts, cut them into follicular units, and replace them. Large grafts, no matter how natural they look initially, become unnatural when isolated by the advancement of male pattern baldness. Walter Unger is still presenting his excellent results with big grafts. Any good, experienced, hair transplant surgeon will have some excellent results, but not all, and the poor ones are the ones that haunt you. So far I have not had one case of poor growth with follicular unit transplantation and they look so natural that even when isolated they appear normal. I'm glad to see DHI has raised its standards. I was critical of them in past years These photos illustrate how large grafts require high density to appear natural and not p/uggy. They also show how they do not appear natural when left isolated by the advancement of male pattern baldness. This patient has essentially no donor hair left. The only solution is Propecia to slow future Joss and remove grafts at vertex and place them around the forelock in the hope of softening this thick shock of hair.


In this study, we introduce an algorithm which is aimed at distinguishing patients of a certain disease out of healthy people when the thorough knowledge of this disease failed to be obtained. The algorithm deals with the physical parameters of each person in a group and when the information is sufficient, it separates the diseased people out. It is a clustering algorithm based on the Chaotic Ant Swarm (CAS). This algorithm is introduced in detail for researchers to use and has been experimented on four different real data sets. The results show that when sufficient data of each person is available, this new algorithm has a high precision.


BACKGROUND
Due to the scarcity of studies using human tissues, limited information is currently available on the gross structure of the caput epididymis in humans, at which efferent ducts connect to the epididymal duct.

OBJECTIVE
The present study investigated the three-dimensional structures of efferent and caput epididymal ducts in humans, with a focus on junctions between the former and latter.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
We examined three sets of human efferent and caput epididymal ducts in specimens obtained from prostatic carcinoma patients. They were reconstructed from serial paraffin sections using a segmentation model created by a deep learning protocol and high-performance three-dimensional reconstruction software.

RESULTS
Serial sections and three-dimensional images of human efferent and caput epididymal ducts were combined to obtain detailed anatomical information. When a single efferent duct was defined as a duct connecting to both the extra-testicular rete testis and epididymal duct, there were 14.7 efferent ducts with a total length of 3.0 m per specimen on average. The cranial portion of the efferent ducts joined to a single duct and terminated at the end of the epididymal duct, whereas other efferent ducts terminated independently on the side of the epididymal duct. These two types of junctions between the efferent and epididymal ducts differed in the patterns of the epithelial-type switch. The epididymal duct consisted of multiple segments, which were separated by a minimal amount of connective tissue septa or even without them. Efferent ducts occupied most of the volume of the caput epididymis.

DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS
By utilizing deep learning, we reconstructed human efferent and caput epididymal ducts and revealed their precise three-dimensional structures, which differed from those of rodents in several aspects. The present results may be useful for analyzing anatomical abnormalities related to some types of male infertility. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.


Different from the conventional reverberation chamber (RC), "the source-stirred RC" has many advantages but still lacks of deep researches till now. Based on the electric field expression for its planar model, this paper firstly demonstrates the rationality of this new method from the point view of field uniformity and probability density function


In this paper we discuss the structure of some product G =AB of nilpotent subgroups A and B. In particular we prove that if G is a minimax soluble group or a finitely generated linear group and if it does not have non-trivial periodic normal subgroups, then G is metanilpotent.


The authors consider a nonlinear continuous time control system of a certain form. They develop a digital control technique which approximately linearizes the system by using state coordinate change and digital feedback up to a higher order term in the sampling interval.<<ETX>>


Completion of post-graduate course Graduate Program in Education Federal University of Santa Maria EDUCATIONAL MANAGEMENT IN HOSPITAL ENVIRONMENT: A FIELD SURVEY IN THE STATE OF TOCANTINS AUTHOR: JANETE SCHIER FONTINI TEACHER ADVISOR: LUÍZ FERNANDO LAZZARIN Date and Place: Palmas, Setember 17, 2010. This study aims to know and understand through theoretical and practical subisidies how the educational management can be developed through the foundation and normative documents bases and process / experience in hospital pedagogy in hospital in the State of Tocantins, considering it as non-scholar formal education. As a methodology, it works with a qualitative approach, with exploratory character, using the collection of information the bibliographic, field and documentary search. The information in the field were collected through direct observation, opened interviews and semi-structured questionnaire, with sample composed intentionally by four people linked to the experience of hospital pedagogy in the city of Gurupi, Tocantins, in the University Centre of Gurupi and the Infantile Maternal Hospital of the Gurupi ́s Regional Hospital. The information in this survey are organized into four chapters. In the first chapter, it is considered that understand the hospital pedagogy involves understanding the mean of education, to be understood as a right of all, as well as to discuss in relation to the purpose of knowing and understanding the hospital pedagogy as non-scholar formal education, highlighting some ideas and proposals on this pedagogy presented in educational literature and documents of the area. The second chapter treats of hospital pedagogy as a specific area of non-scholar formal education and highlights some of the ideas and proposals on this pedagogy presented in educational literature and documents of the area. The third chapter describes and contextualizes the social and educational historical process to refer to educational management and school management, which includes education and its relationship with society. And the fourth chapter describes the process of management of the Unirg ́s Hospital Pedagogy Extension Program and Infantile Maternal Hospital of the Gurupi ́s Regional Hospital. As a conclusion the work shows that the hospital pedagogy education is an area that is becoming as important in Brazil, but which still needs to be boarded in the training of pedagogues and thought as public politics.


The present invention provides a traditional Chinese medicine composition for treatment of children with acute sinusitis, which includes oral drugs and topical drugs, pharmaceutical raw materials, including internal medicine magnolia, ginseng leaf, astragalus, verbena, Boisson, Radix, Sole leaves, Polygonum cuspidatum, arrowroot, fruit, berberine, catechu, Wujiapi, nutmeg, gall, jujube, herb, wood, Yuzhu, gentian, Prunella, Chinese yam, Poria, licorice; topical drug agents include magnolia, Boisson, fruit, berberine, catechu, dry paint, Selaginella, soil Fritillaria, Radix, gardenia, skullcap, Qin skin, Shouwu rattan, buffalo horn, white Lian, Coix Jen, licorice. The traditional Chinese medicine composition has a high efficiency, faster onset time, in the short term to rapidly reduce patient pain, high cure rate, recurrence rate, can reduce medical costs and improve children autoimmunity, enhance sterilization efficacy of antibiotics to reduce resistance herbs, non-toxic side effects, the disease is not repeated advantage.


In the highly diverse flora of the Amazon, proper identification of seeds and fruits may require additional plant material, such as leaves, stems and preferably also flowers. This is, however, often not possible: tropical trees may be difficult to climb up and normally no flowers are available during fruiting. Sometimes fruits and seeds have to be identified without even knowing the source plant. This field guide by Cornejo and Janovec has accepted the challenge to produce a key for the identification of the most common Amazonian plants to genus level by easily recognizable characteristics of seeds. The book dedicates 148 of a total of 186 pages to colour photographs of diaspores from 512 genera in 132 families and includes for each genus a few lines of description, geographical distribution and its use in the Amazon. The last ten pages contain a glossary of botanical terms and two pages of illustrations.

Having the book in your hands, you find yourself continually leafing through it to appreciate the astonishing variety of seed shapes and colours. The (mostly) good quality photographs were taken from the most common species of the seed collection of the Cocha Cashu Biological Station in Manu National Park, located in Madre de Dios, Peru. Despite the high diversity in the large Amazonian region, the selection represents approximately 39 % of the genera and 68 % of the families of the flora (Forzza et al., 2010). The unique contribution of the book lies in the ease with which the key, based on a few, easily recognizable characters, can be applied. Wind dispersed seeds are treated separately and classified according to the arrangement of the hairs and wings (one side, both sides, circular, or number of wings). The other seeds are distinguished by size (tiny, small, medium or large), form (round, elongate, flat or irregular), colour (generally grey or black, brown or reddish, whitish or yellowish), and surface (irregular or striate, smooth and opaque, smooth and glossy). After each combination a list of possible genus names is given with the page number of the corresponding image. Testing the key, I was surprised to see that, with the combination of the given characteristics, the majority (308) of the genera can be identified by comparing up to five images only. This number increases to 22 or 32 images for only three possible combinations of characteristics. I looked up an arbitrary sample of 50 common tree seeds of our reference collection from the central Amazon near Manaus, Brazil (approx. 1000 miles from Madre de Dios): in an average time of 5 minutes per species I could identify 70 % to genus and 90 % to family – only 10 % were not listed in the book. Thus the field guide is an incredible contribution for anyone who wishes to give a genus name to a seed of an Amazonian plant from the non-flooded forest.

Unfortunately the book has a long list of shortcomings. Without trying to reduce its valuable contribution, some should be mentioned. It lacks a genus index. The identification key has a few mistakes in the indicated page number for the genus: if you know the family, the corresponding picture can be found easily; if not, you have to look up the family in another book. Even more puzzling, you have to use one book that uses the Cronquist system to get to the seed images in this guide and another one to look up the actual family name based on the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group III.

The key is based on a combination of Roman numbers and Arabic letters. The same alphabetical sequence of letters is used for all seed-size classes in spite of a different number of subdivisions. Thus the same letters can represent different characteristics: e.g., for tiny seeds the letter 'j' means round, grey or black coloured; however, for small seeds the same letter means elongated and blue coloured. The key uses cm, but the scales on the images seem to be in mm with two decimal places, giving an exaggerated precision.

The photographs were taken from dry seeds, which may sometimes limit the use in the field with fresh material. It is, however, a great pity that the seed images have no species names. More information would also be helpful for some images where the seed is enclosed in fruit parts: the fruit or even the fruit with persistent flower parts are shown, rather than the seed. Even so, the shortcomings do not limit the use and beauty of this field guide.

The field guide Seeds of Amazonian plants is a breakthrough for anybody who needs to identify to genus level the seeds (sensu latu) of hundreds of common plants in the Amazon region. It will be of enormous use for many people working on conservation, natural regeneration, seed dispersal or propagation of native species, such as botanists, ecologists, zoologists and foresters. There is no other book available with this purpose, and the stunning full-colour photographs will be appreciated by any nature enthusiast.


A series of naturally occurring pyrrolidine alkaloids and analogues, with the general structure of trideoxy-2,5-iminohexitols (imino- or azasugars), have been enantiosynthesized using triorthogonally protected pyrrolidines, previously prepared from commercial D-fructose, as homochiral starting materials. The inhibitory activity of some of the described compounds against glycosidases and glycosyltransferases makes them potential therapeutic agents.


The purpose of this treatise is to study the formation of the short stories in 1990s in relation to the publishing media. The short stories in 1990s have been investigated in that they presented the first step of the authentic modern literature at the narrative literature in 1920s such as 'the New Novel' in former times. However, the literary works at this periods had the limitations of being unwillingly subjected to the censorship of the Imperialist Japan and the discourses of its media, since they were hardly published after having been gone out of print of the newspaper and the magazine coercively by the Imperialist Japan. The short stories which were applied for The Maeilsinbo written solely in Korean at that time weren't freed from the colonial discourses of the newspaper. The short stories in The Hakjigang, or in The Chungchun published by the Chosŏn's intellectuals also weren't liberated from the discourses oriented to 'the modern paper.'
This caused the short stories in the Maeilsinbo to reflect the aspects of lives in the editorials and the reports directly in order to have the readers interested in them. They had the apparent intentions to illuminate the readers through the literary works and promote the marketing. This led the short stories' point of view to the third person and the pursuit of the complete narrative. At this point, these short stories hold the style of the 'short stories' in form but have an affinity to 'the New Novel' in content. On the other hand, the short stories in The Hakjigang and in The Chungchun reflect the editors' intentions to construct the modern institution focused on the literature, and describe the modern knowledge and the agony of the modern individuals. The short stories writing the author's own portrait use the first person point of view, and express the fragmentary and contemplating content rather than the development focused in the narrative. However, because these two short stories in different aspects are mixed up at this and that media, we can understand that the short stories at that time made preparations for going across the modern style of the short stories affecting each other.


Studies have found the lowest energy value of meat of slaughtered animals for doubtful degree of freshness and treatment of detergents, respectively: beef –156.01±1.24 and 124.69±1.11, 135.39±1.32 kcal/100 g (for treatment with formaldehyde solutions (10%) and chlorine (chlorine activity 3%) – at meat production capacity for 21–22 days at temperatures from –2 to –3°C; pork – 143,72±1,14 and 134,14±1,29, 133,44±1,18 kcal/100 g (for treatment with hydrogen peroxide solution (5%) and alkaline detergents) – at wholesale bases for storage for 21-22 days at temperatures from –2 to –3°C; mutton – 140,30±1,38 and 125,05±1,17 kcal/100 g (for treatment with potassium permanganate solution (5%) – for sale on the agro-food market for 3–4 days at temperatures from 0 to 6°C; meat of goat – 154.89±1.25 and 131.97±1.22 kcal/100 g (for acetic acid solution treatment (10%) – for supermarket sales for 3–4 days at temperatures (4±2)°C. It was found that the largest mass fraction of water was 73.60±0.62% in beef treated with formaldehyde solution (10%), in mutton 73.63±0.69% in potassium permanganate solution (5%), in pork 72,14±0,73% for treatment with alkaline detergents, in meat of goat 71.44±0.71% for treatment with acetic acid solution (10%); the smallest mass fraction of fat – in beef 4.33±0.17% for treatment with formaldehyde solution (10%), in pork 5.06±0.24% for treatment with hydrogen peroxide solution (5%), in mutton 4,57±0,17% for treatment with potassium permanganate solution (5%), in goat 4,17±0,25%


Bringing that new app to market sounds exciting, but doing so without addressing common start-up issues will make the process more difficult than it needs to be. The Web extra at http://youtu.be/OlZ1pKcW8d4 is an audio recording from the Computing and the Law column, in which the authors discuss how bringing that new app to market sounds exciting, but doing so without addressing common start-up issues will make the process more difficult than it needs to be.


Abstract:A fourth-century Gothic bishop Ulfila lived at a time when the larger church was in the process of figuring out its "orthodox" Trinitarian beliefs. Apart form several excerpts of his Bible translation, only Ulfila's creedal statement is extant. It is cited in the end of an account of Ulfila's theology, written by his disciple Auxentius of Durostorum. It is a relatively compressed statement with lacunae and without a reconstructable end. Because of its brevity, and especially because of the availability of secondary yet contradictory information about Ulfila and his theology by a heteroousian Philostorgius, homoean Auxentius, and the pro-Nicene "synoptic" historians Socrates, Sozomen, and Theodoret, Ulfila's short creedal statement can be interpreted in various ways. This article assesses the theology of Ulfila's creedal statement and argues that while representing some kind of triadic subordinationism, it does not match well with "Arian," homoean, or heteroousian creeds. Rather, it seems to follow, in broad terms and with certain twists, the subordinationism of Eusebius of Caesarea/"Eusebians." Ulfila's creedal statement is a short but vivid example of theology that does not fit perfectly into the existing categories of the fourth-century Trinitarian debates.


On the basis of the classification of the common business modes of logistics finance,the paper explores the common business risks involved therein and the processes for their management and investigates into the major risks for 3PL enterprises running logistics financing business and the related countermeasures.


The research aims to design and fabricate prototype of a bio-filter which used to process the emissions of CO and CO 2 .That are mainly generated from the combustion of coal, oil and natural gas. These are main energy resources in our daily life which used in different food activities as food factories and charcoal grills . The prototype consists of cylinder steel with two covers, two tubes welded on the outer face of each cover and candle of filter. Candidate was consisting of two circle walls and the space between two walls was 2 cm. In the experiments were conducted on four cases from bio materials as follows:-grinded ficus, green and dry leaves ; wet and dry sawdust . Measurements were done at five times after start emittion; 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 min. The moisture contents of the agricultural residues (bio-materials) was estimated before and after experiments. Leaves chemical analysis was done to determine the CO, CO 2 before and after experiments. Also, CO, CO 2 were measured in the air before input prototype and after output. The concluded results at using bio-filter were: - with green leaves: CO 2 ratio decreased to 18% , CO decreased to 2 %. Then the absorb of "C" ratio by green leaves was 4.5%. - With dry leaves: CO 2 decreased to 15 %, CO ratio didn't change .And absorb of "C" ratio by dry leaves was 0.07%. - With wet sawdust: CO 2 decreased to 0.03% and CO ratio didn't change. - With dry sawdust: CO 2 and CO didn't change. the finel conclution was the ficus green leaves is the best bio-materials can use in bio-filter.


This is a clinical study covering 55 persons of male sex with ages ranging from 25 to 55 years. The patients were divided up into 3 groups as follows: Group A, operated on for perforating gastroduodenal ulcer where the postoperative period ran a course free of any complications (18 patients); Group B, operated on for gastroduodenal ulcer, complicated by postoperative diffuse purulent peritonitis, with a successful cure as a final outcome (16 patients); Group C, operated on for perforating gastroduodenal ulcer, complicated by postoperative diffuse purulent peritonitis, with lethal outcome (21 patients). In all groups under study assessment was made of the levels of thyrotropic hormone (TTH), triiodothyronine (T3), and thyroxine (T4) at 1, 3, and 5 days after laparotomy in Group A, and after relaparotomy in Groups B and C. In the patients of Group A, the dynamic changes in TTH, T3, and T4 levels disclosed values within normal limits. In Group B, the levels of TTH and T4 were within normal limits, while T3 showed a low value during the first and third day, reaching the lowermost limit of the norm on the fifth day. In the patients of Group C, inhibition of the entire thyrotropin-thyroid axis was observed: TTH, T3, and T4 levels fell abruptly, with the change in T3 being the most significant. These results suggest that the thyroid hormones may be related to these pathological conditions and that these hormones may be a good indicator for the prognosis of peritonitis.


Objective To investigate the effect of Shuyusan on the behavior of chronic stress induced depression model rats, as well as concentrations changes of norepinephrine (NE), dopamine (DA) and serotonin (5-HT) in cerebral cortex. Method Fifty mice were randomly divided into 5 groups:normal control group, model group, amitriptyline group, and high/low dose prescription group of Shuyusan. Except normal group, the other groups were given the chronic mild unpredicted stress for 21 days. After 21 days different stimulation, open-Field test was used to estimate the behavior of rats, the concentrations of NE, DA and 5-HT were detected with fluorescence spectrometer method. Results Horizontal and vertical motion of the model group was significantly lower than that of the control group (P0.05). Compared with model group, the motion in the Shuyusan large dosage group and amitriptyline group was significantly higher (P 0.05). The contents of NE and DA were significant reduced in depression model group, Shuyusan high dosge group increased NE and DA contents compared with the model group (P 0.05). Conclusion Shuyusan can improve the behavior of chronic stress induced depression model rats, increase NE and DA contents of cerebral cortex. The effect has positive relation with the dosage.


A variety of complications came to light after the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic of 2020. One such post-covid complication that manifests itself in the form of a hyperinflammatory syndrome in the pediatric population is multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C). It results in severe inflammation of a variety of organ systems, including the heart, lungs, brain, kidneys, gastrointestinal system, skin, and eyes. Surprisingly, clinicians can easily mistake this type of presentation for many other diseases due to overlapping features, especially Kawasaki disease (KD). An interesting case report on a patient admitted to the Grodno regional infectious diseases clinical hospital, Grodno, Belarus. The patient was initially diagnosed with enteroviral infection (EVI) at the time of admission. The clinicians in charge observed the underlying cause to be masked by Kawasaki-like presentation, how they diagnosed MIS-C, Kawasaki-like phenotype: exanthema, cheilitis, scleritis, infectious cardiopathy, gastrointestinal syndrome, coagulopathy and managed this patient is described in this scientific paper. Although the presenting signs and symptoms of MIS-C overlap with other diseases, certain additional features can be helpful in differentiation. Mainly MIS-C is present in a relatively older subgroup along with gastrointestinal symptoms that are uncommon for KD. The patient was treated with IVIG and steroids after which he attained full recovery. MIS-C associated with COVID-19 is serious, rare, and potentially fatal. Clinicians, primary care physicians, and emergency department pediatricians must be quick to recognize it and treat it at the earliest by deploying immunomodulatory strategies to subdue systemic injury caused by hyper-inflammation.


We would like to congratulate Wang et al .1 for conducting a well-designed randomized trial that aimed at examining the superiority of pacing the right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) over the traditional right ventricular apex (RVA). The authors looked at left ventricular (LV) regional wall motion performance as assessed by echocardiography and found that RVA pacing was associated with more …


In the last few years, traffic generated by mobile devices has surpassed desktop visits. In order to provide users with the best browsing experience, many website owners specifically tailor their site to mobile devices. While some websites make use of reactive designs, many others opt to create an entirely new "mobile-first" website, typically hosted on a subdomain of the desktop site. These mobile-first sites provide a unique viewpoint on how organizations handle security: the mobile version of a site is typically developed several years after the desktop site by the same organization. Through a large-scale security analysis on 10,222 domains with both a desktop and mobile-first version, we find several strong indicators that security is generally applied consistently across the different parts of an organization's web estate. Overall, we find relatively few differences between the desktop and mobile versions of a website, both on the adoption and the implementation of security features, indicating that these are applied reactively rather than proactively during the design phase.


This study proposes a segmentation procedure based on multivariate texture to extract spatial objects from an image scene. Object uncertainty is quantified to identify transitions zones of objects with indeterminate boundaries. The Local Binary Pattern (LBP) operator, modelling texture, is integrated into a hierarchical splitting segmentation to identify homogeneous texture regions in an image. We apply a multivariate extension of the standard univariate LBP operator to describe colour texture [1]. The paper is illustrated with a case study. It considers identification of geological units in ASTER imagery of the Dungovi aimag, Southern Mongolia. The multivariate LBP operator segments the area into meaningful geological objects, yielding valuable information on uncertainty at the transition zones. Geospatial data quality is a topic frequently covered in recent scientific literature on GIS and remote sensing. Important components of data quality are uncertainty and accuracy. Therefore, we focus on suitable accuracy measures to validate the segmentation result.


Photographic slide of a woman reading aloud from an alphabet book to a group of children at the 2004 Western Heritage Day. She speaks into a microphone and holds the book out so the children can see the pictures. Potato sacks can be seen handing from a fence in the background.


The finite nature of fossil resources and the environmental problems caused by their excessive usage requires alternative approaches. The transformation from a fossil based economy to one based on renewable biomass is called a "bioeconomy". To substitute fossil resources, various microorganisms have already been modified for the biosynthesis of valuable chemicals from biomass. However, the development of such efficient microorganisms at an industrial scale, remains a major challenge. The most prominent and robust microorganism for industrial production is the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, which is known to produce ethanol that is used as renewable biofuel. However, S. cerevisiae is also naturally able to produce isobutanol in small amounts. Isobutanol is favoured as a biofuel compared to ethanol due to its higher octane number and lower hygroscopicity, which makes it more suitable for application in conventional combustion engines. In S. cerevisiae, the biosynthesis of isobutanol is permitted by the combination of mitochondrial valine synthesis (catalysed by Ilv2, Ilv5 and Ilv3) and its cytosolic degradation (catalysed by Aro10 and Adh2). The different compartmentalisation of the two pathways limit isobutanol biosynthesis. Thus, Brat et al. (2012) were able to increase the isobutanol yield up to 15 mg/gGlc by cytosolic re localisation of the enzymes Ilv2Δ54, Ilv5Δ48 and Ilv3Δ19 (cyt-ILV), with simultaneous deletion of ilv2. This corresponds to approximately 3.7% of the theoretical yield of 410 mg/gGlc, implying existing limitations in isobutanol biosynthesis, which have been investigated in this work. For yet unknown reasons, isobutanol was only produced by S. cerevisiae in a valine free medium, according to Brat et al. (2012). This work shows that this can be attributed to the catalytic activity of Ilv2Δ54, which acted as growth inhibitor to S. cerevisiae. By this logic, a negative selection on the ILV2∆54 gene was exerted, which made the ilv2 deletion and simultaneous valine exclusion necessary to maintain the functional expression of toxic ILV2∆54. Furthermore, it was shown that valine exclusion is not mandatory due to the feedback regulation of Ilv2, permitted by Ilv6. Rather, increased isobutanol yield was observed when cytosolic Ilv6∆61 was expressed in the valine free medium, which is explained by the enhanced regulation of Ilv2Δ54 by Ilv6∆61 when BCAA are absent. Isobutanol biosynthesis is neither redox nor NAD(P)H co factor balanced. It was seen that co factor imbalance could be mitigated by the expression of an NADH oxidase (NOX), but not by expression of the NADH dependent ilvC6E6, since the latter showed low in vivo activity. Furthermore, it was seen that NAD(H) imbalance did already limit isobutanol biosynthesis, but the NADP(H) imbalance did not. Another limitation of cytosolic isobutanol biosynthesis is the secretion of the intermediate 2‑dihydroxyisovalerate, which then no longer is taken up by S. cerevisiae, causing a reduced isobutanol yield. This is attributed to insufficient Ilv3∆19 activity, due to poor iron sulphur cluster apo protein maturation. Therefore, it was aimed to replace Ilv3∆19 by heterologous dihydroxyacid dehydratases. Even though some of the enzymes were functionally expressed, none showed better in vivo activity than Ilv3∆19. Therefore, the Ilv3∆19 apo protein maturation was improved. This was achieved by the genomic deletion of fra2 or pim1 as well as by the cytosolic expression of Grx5∆29. In addition to the isobutanol pathway, S. cerevisiae was optimised for isobutanol biosynthesis by rational and evolutionary engineering. For this purpose, the genes which are necessary for isobutanol production were integrated into the ilv2 locus, and the resulting strain was evolved in a medium containing the toxic amino acid analogue norvaline. Evolved single colonies were isolated, which presented improved growth and increased isobutanol yields (0.59 mg/gGlc) in a valine free medium, as compared to the initial strain. This is explained by a gene dosage effect which occurred during the evolutionary engineering experiment. In collaboration with Dr. Wess, the genes ilv2, bdh1/2, leu4/9, ecm31, ilv1, adh1, gpd1/2 and ald6 were cumulatively deleted in CEN.PK113 7D to block competing metabolic pathways. The resulting strain JWY23 achieved isobutanol yields up to 67.3 mg/gGlc, when expressing the cyt ILV enzymes from a multi copy vector. The most promising approaches of this work, namely the deletion of fra2 and the expression of Grx5∆29, Ilv6∆61, and NOX, were confirmed in this JWY23 strain. The highest isobutanol yield from this work was observed at 72 mg/gGlc for Ilv6∆61 and cyt ILV enzymes expressing JWY23, which corresponds to 17.6% of the theoretical isobutanol yield. Isobutyric acid (IBA) is a by product of isobutanol biosynthesis, but it is also considered a valuable platform chemical. Therefore, the approaches that improved isobutanol biosynthesis were applied to the biosynthesis of IBA in S. cerevisiae. The highest IBA yield of 9.8 mg/gGlc was observed in a valine free medium by expression of cyt ILV enzymes, NOX and Ald6 in JWY04 (CEN.PK113 7D Δilv2; Δbdh1; Δbdh2; Δleu4; Δleu9; Δecm31; Δilv1). This corresponded to an 8.9 fold increase compared with the control and is, to our best knowledge, the highest IBA yield reported to date for S. cerevisiae.


This article discusses the problems of teaching mathematical disciplines in the process of switching from traditional learning to distance learning. Modern possibilities of remote communication between a teacher and students and their application in higher education institutions, in particular, in teaching mathematical disciplines, are analyzed. The conditions for effective training in this form are outlined, including taking into account the preservation of health. The readiness of students and teachers to switch to distance learning is considered. A number of problems that arise during the transition from the traditional form of education to distance learning are identified, and the features of teaching mathematical disciplines are taken into account. Adverse health effects have been identified. A possible solution to these problems is proposed, taking into account health-saving factors, for which the results of the analysis of the initial approbation of the transition to the distance form of full-time students were used.