The cardiac index and the circulating blood volume and its distribution in the heart, lung and body were determined by analog computer analysis of the radiocardiogram in thirty four normal subjects and 135 patients with cardiac and pulmonary disorders. Among the 135 patients, thirty four had congestive heart failure and thirteen patients were re-examined after the amelioration of the congestive heart failure. 2. Among the normal subjects, the mean value of the circulating blood volume was 2496 ml/m2, of which 10.8% (268 ml/m2), 10.9%, (272 ml/m2) and, 78.3%(1955 ml/m2) were distributed in the heart, lung and body, respectively. 3. In patients with valvular diseases, the circulating blood volume and the heart volume increased in accordance with the severity of the disease. The increase in the pulmonary blood volume was also evident in most of the groups but the extent of the incerase was by far smaller than that of the heart volume. The increase of the volume of blood in the body was insignificant in most of the groups. The heart volume was shown to have an important role in terms of the increase in the circulating blood volume. 4. Thirty four patients with congestive heart failure were classified into three groups according to the radiocardiographic data. Among the patients in Group A, there was an increase in the volume of blood in the body; in Group B, there was an increase in the volume of blood in the heart and a decrease in the cardiac index; and in Group C, although the change in the distribution of the blood volume was insignificant, the decrease in the cardiac index was remarkably high. This classification was convenient because it corresponded to observable clinical features, that is, those in Group A had right heart failure, those in Group B had congestive heart failure caused by valvular diseases-mainly by mitral valvular lesions, and those in Group C had heart failures caused by hypertensive and myocardial diseases. 5. After the amelioration of the congestive heart failure, the decrease in the volume of body blood was shown in most patients in the Groups A and B. A slight increase in the cardiac index was the only notable change in Group C.


(2006). Tackling Teacher Turnover in Child Care: Understanding Causes and Consequences, Identifying Solutions. Childhood Education: Vol. 82, No. 4, pp. 219-226.


The main objective of this paper is to highlight the most important shocks that drives the business cycles in the Algerian economy. Using Bayesian estimation techniques, we estimate a dynamic stochastic general equilibrium model (DSGE) using four time series of the Algerian macroeconomics. Through this estimated model, which succeeded in capturing the dynamics of the Algerian economy data, we found three main results: First, the main causes of business cycle fluctuations in the Algerian economy are aggregate demand shocks. Second, the of government spending shock play the most important role in output fluctuations. Third, empirical results show evidences of procyclical in government spending policies.


This paper discusses possible parallels between change of location and change of state, involved in locomotive (Dmotion), change of state, and creation/removal verbs, examining cross-linguistic typological variation in lexical patterning and syntactic behaviors.1 Spatial uses of prepositions are closely connected with temporal uses, although the latter are more abstract and limited because of directionality and dimensionality (Bennett 1975). Change of state (qualities) is structurally associated with change of location, with its Source and Goal. Change always means a shift from ¤P to P in state as well as in location in time. But the change of state (quality) is more abstract. When change of state becomes psychological, it becomes even more abstract. As seen in build tension or its Korean (K) equivalent kincangkam-ul coseng-hata, indirect constitutive causation changes to experienced (direct) causation and does not need any part of the object such as 'material' (from a default argument). This is 'derived unaccusativity' (Pustejovsky and Busa 1995). This allows for modification by the degree adverbial maywu 'very' in K. Imperfective paradox disappears because there is no telicity involved any more.


AimTo observe therapy effect of high-dose human gamma globulin in combination in medron for children with acute Guillian-Barr'e syndrome.MethodsThe paralysis results were evaluated in72h after high-dose human gamma globulin in combination in medron therapy for twenty children with acute Guillian-Barr'e syndrome in recent years.Results The paralysis in four limbs,cranial nerves(includingⅦ、Ⅸ、Ⅹpairs)and respiratory muscles did not change significantly befor,after therapy.ConclusionsThe early therapy of high-dose human gamma globulin in combination in medron for children with acute Guillian-Barr'e syndrome can bring effect to control paralysis progress,particularly in respiratory paralysis progress,reduce to use artificial respirator and lower death rate.


Social isolation is a risk factor for dementia, but the underlying mechanism is not well understood. It is possible that lack of social contacts negatively affects emotional well‐being, which leads to cognitive decline. To shed light on this potential mediation mechanism, we examined changes in type and frequency of social contacts and their effects on mood using data collected before and during the COVID‐19 pandemic among socially isolated older adults aged 75 and older.


A model for generating the observed cosmic-ray antiproton spectrum in plasma consisting mainly of electron--positron pairs (n/sub plus-or-minus//n/sub p/> or approx. =10) is discussed. Coulomb collisions in the plasma would cause additional energy losses, significantly enhancing the antiproton flux at energies < or approx. =1 GeV. The computed p-bar/p ratio satisfactorily fits the observations.


PAK1 (RAC/CDC42‐activated kinase 1) is the major oncogenic kinase, and a number of herbal PAK1‐blockers such as propolis and curcumin have been shown to be anti‐oncogenic and anti‐melanogenic as well as anti‐alopecia (promoting hair growth). Previously, we found several distinct PAK1‐inhibitors in Okinawa plants including Alpinia zerumbet (alpinia). Thus, here, we tested the effects of these herbal compounds and their derivatives on the growth of cancer or normal hair cells, and melanogenesis in cell culture of A549 lung cancer, hair follicle dermal papilla cell, and B16F10 melanoma. Among these herbal PAK1‐inhibitors, cucurbitacin I from bitter melon (Goya) turned out to be the most potent to inhibit the growth of human lung cancer cells with the IC50 around 140 nM and to promote the growth of hair cells with the effective dose around 10 nM. Hispidin, a metabolite of 5,6‐dehydrokawain from alpinia, inhibited the growth of cancer cells with the IC50 of 25 μM as does artepillin C, the major anti‐cancer ingredient in Brazilian green propolis. Mimosine tetrapeptides (MFWY, MFYY, and MFFY) and hispidin derivatives (H1–3) also exhibited a strong anti‐cancer activity with the IC50 ranging from 16 to 30 μM. Mimosine tetrapeptides and hispidin derivatives strongly suppressed the melanogenesis in melanoma cells. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


An indispensable chore in computer–aided Minimally Invasive Surgery (MIS) is the typical feature detection. In some of the distinctive conditions in MIS imaging such as texture homogeneous areas specular reflections uses general feature point detectors for drawing out the feature points which are less distinct and repeatable in MIS images. We examine that a new set of image feature can be taken out from the copious blood vessels which are obtainable from the tissue surfaces. Two types of blood vessel feature are put forward for endoscopic image analysis in this proposed paper: branching segments and branching points. Ridgeness Based Circle Test (RBCT) and Ridgeness Based Branching Segment Detection (RBSD) are the two new proposed methods used to obtain the branching points and branching segments from the blood vessels. To estimate the working effectiveness of the proposed method extensive in vivo experiments are carried out and the state-of-the-art method is used to evaluate them. In MIS images, the blood vessels from the tissue surfaces can yield enormous large number of points, which is proved from the numerical results. The points produced by the blood vessels are more robust and repeatable when compared with other types of feature points. This type of feature detection can be used as a new tool for the analysis of MIS images in endoscopy. Thus, the proposed method for detecting feature point is very efficient and robust in nature.


Among the many experimental texts of the 1920's, the ten stories of Marieluise Fleil3er (collected in the volume Ein Pfund Orangen,' 1929) have an enduring impact for reasons which are not immediately obvious. Seven of the ten stories in this collection focus on experiences of adolescent girls and young women, specifically the precariousness, changeability, and uncertainty of their lives. Walter Benjamin described these


Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is a mycotoxin known to frequently contaminate poorly stored foods/feeds. This study was carried out to investigate the performance of parameters of catfish fed 3 different doses of aflatoxins earlier determined from fish feeds. Simulated toxicity test using AFB1, (1000 µg/ml, 500µg/ ml, 250µg/ml) in feeding juvenile cat fish was conducted for 56 days. Catfishes were divided into 4 treatments according to aflatoxin dose (A=control, B=250µg/ml, C=500µg/ml, D=1000µg/ml). At the end of the experiment, body weight and biochemical parameters were evaluated. Results revealed that growth of aflatoxicosed fish was significantly different from control using analysis of variance and Duncan Multiple Range Test at p< 0.05. Protein, cholesterol, bilirubin, electrolytes and liver enzymes such as Aspartate transaminase (AST), Alanine transaminase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were also significantly different from the control. Histopathological examination of liver sections revealed severe liver damage. There was gross oedema of the hepatocytes with increased inflammatory cells. This is the first report of simulated aflatoxin toxicity obtained from fish feeds sold in Nigeria. It is clear from the results that legislation for the control of aflatoxins in animal feed is now over due because of its attendant economic loss and potential health hazard. Routine surveillance is needed.


PUBLIC HEALTH EMERGENCIES UNDERSCORE THE IMMEdiate and crucial need to plan for a mass disaster in which tens or even hundreds of thousands of individuals suddenly require medical care. On October 24, 2009, President Obama declared a public health emergency in response to influenza A(H1N1), but natural disasters (eg, hurricanes, floods, or earthquakes) and terrorism acts (eg, anthrax or a nuclear detonation) similarly demonstrate the critical need for national preparedness. Public health emergencies evoke troubling questions with life-or-death consequences. Which patients should receive limited resources and who decides? Should professional standards of care change and if so, what are the catalysts? Should the law grant civil or criminal immunity to professionals acting in good faith? Hurricane Katrina is a galvanizing point for answering such difficult questions, so gaining the public's trust is vital.


EDITOR—Every year the BMJ and Medical Journal of Australia use their Christmas edition to inject some medical humour into the normally serious scientific literature. In this spirit we put together a fictional study entitled "Evidence based physicians' dressing: a cross-over trial,"1 in which we documented the effect of "retro" dress (flared jeans, Hawaiian shirts, moussed …


Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) is a high‐consequence animal disease worldwide. The objective of this study was to identify immune responses that are predictive of protection against heterologous PRRSV challenge. Using MLV IngelVac PRRSV vaccine, its parental strain VR2332, and K‐LI, we compared immune responses induced by a single vaccination and by experimental infection of two different PRRSV isolates. Four groups of pigs were utilized in this study in which groups 1 & 2 were vaccinated with MLV PRRSV and groups 3 & 4 were not vaccinated. 28 days post vaccination (DPV), pigs in groups 1 & 3 were challenged with VR2332, and groups 2 & 4 were challenged with K‐LI. The results shown that lung pathology score of group 1 pigs was significantly lower than that of groups 2, 3, & 4 pigs 14 DPC, confirming the vaccination‐induced homologous protection. Serum neutralizing antibody against K‐LI was detected only in group 2 pigs 14 DPC. ELISpot assay indicated that VR2332 is a stronger inducer of IFNr‐secreting PBMCs than K‐LI in all pigs, and group 2 pigs possessed more PRRSV‐specific IFNr‐secreting PBMCs. This study indicates that heterologous challenge induces a higher level of cellular immune response against PRRSV in vaccinated pigs, but only serum neutralizing antibody titer is associated with PRRSV vaccination‐induced protection against homologous and heterologous challenge.


The deposition process of Al thin films by nanosecond laser irradiation with a special hemi-cylindrical holder, containing an array of silicon substrates, is studied. The experimental results, obtained by scanning electron microscopy investigation, show that the ablated material produces an unexpected component in a direction that is approximately specular to that of the incident direction of the laser beam. This component, never before reported in the literature, is mainly formed of micrometer droplets. Simple calculations and qualitative assessments show that the forces induced by radiation pressure, thermoelastic waves, or shockwave formation cannot explain the direction of this new component.


Numerous pathologic processes of the ankle can be diagnosed with use of magnetic resonance imaging. Magnetic resonance imaging allows for high-resolution evaluation of not only the osseous structures of the ankle joint but also the soft-tissue structures including muscles, ligaments, and tendons. There are multiple imaging techniques and pulse sequences with which to evaluate the ankle joint. The purposes of this report are to (1) update orthopaedic surgeons on current magnetic resonance imaging techniques and indications for magnetic resonance imaging of the ankle, and (2) elucidate the typical appearance of the normal ankle joint and its common disease entities on magnetic resonance imaging.⇓

 Figs. 1-A, 1-B, and 1-C
Process of image production. (Reprinted from: Khanna AJ, Cosgarea AJ, Mont MA, Andres BM, Domb BG, Evans PJ, Bluemke DA, Frassica FJ. Magnetic resonance imaging of the knee. Current techniques and spectrum of disease. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2001; 83 [Suppl 2 Pt 2]:128-41.) Fig. 1-A Alignment of the protons within a patient, with the external magnetic field (Bo) applied by the superconducting magnet in a typical magnetic resonance imaging scanner. Fig. 1-B Application of a radiofrequency pulse sequence to the patient, which often aligns the net magnetization vector of the patient at a 90° angle to the external magnetic field. Fig. 1-C The longitudinal relaxation of the protons, which is measured to determine the characteristics of a tissue on a T1-weighted image.

### Process of Image Production 1 , 2 (Figs. 1-A, 1-B, and 1-C)

The process of image production involves seven steps. (1) The patient is placed supine on the scanner bed. (2) The strong magnetic field of the scanner aligns the protons within the patient's tissues along the longitudinal axis of the scanner. (3) An electromagnetic pulse is sent into the scanner, allowing for reorientation of the protons in the tissues (typically 90° to the external field). (4) The electromagnetic pulse is turned off, and …


Objective To investigate cell counts , IL-1β and IL-6 concentrations in induced sputum from COPD patients in stable and exacerbation with and without smoking,evaluate the correlation of these parameters with clinical symptoms and FEV1. Methods Induced sputum from 87 patients with moderate to severe COPU were analysed (44 samples with smoking,and 43 without smoking) . The patients recorded daily symptoms on diary cards. Cell counts and levels of interleukin (IL)- 1βB and IL-6 in sputum were measured.Results Levels of IL-1β(85.1 pg/ml) and IL-6 (76.5 pg/ml) were higher in sputum from stable COFD patients with smoking than those without smoking(60.1 and 56.4 pg/ml, respectively). IL-1β and IL-6 levels were elevated during exacerbation compared to those in stable condition,while levels in patients with smoking(IL-1β,323.6 pg/ml; IL-6,106.7 pg/ml) were higher than those in non-smoking (IL-1β,78.4 pg/ml; IL-6,90.2 pg/ml). The level of IL-6 during exacerbations was correlated positively to total cell count,eosinophil and lymphocyte count, while IL-1β was correlated with total cell count, neutrophil count,eosinophil and lymphocyte count at the stable stage. Sputum cy-tokine levels during stable situation was correlated with the frequency of exacerbations but not with lung function changes. Conclusion Elevated levels of IL-1β and IL-6 in induced sputum of COPD patients with smoking may predict the onset of exacerbation.


Introduces the method of measuring the large Francis turbine blades with optical-electronic theodolites and the technologies of processing the meas uring data.It explains how to solve the difficult problems about measuring the l arge Francis turbine blades.We have developed the software for processing the me asuring data of the blades.We have applied the technology on NC machining of the Francis blades to solve the rapidly locating the blades.It greatly improves the efficiency and precision of locating the blades,it decreases the costs of NC ma chining the blades.


The direct consume coefficient is the most elementary coefficient for constructing input-output model.The direct distribution coefficient is the proportion of the quantity of production of all sections and the products of social final use provided by a department to the total quantity of the department.This paper explores again their new functions based on the past research and also makes an empirical analysis based on five input-output tables(1987-2007) of China.


Salmonella Typhimurium isolate D23580 represents a recently identified ST313 lineage of invasive non‐typhoidal Salmonellae (iNTS). One of the differences between this lineage and other non‐iNTS S. Typhimurium isolates is the presence of prophage BTP1. This prophage encodes a gtrC gene, implicated in O‐antigen modification. GtrCBTP1 is essential for maintaining O‐antigen length in isolate D23580, since a gtrBTP1 mutant yields a short O‐antigen. This phenotype can be complemented by gtrCBTP1 or very closely related gtrC genes. The short O‐antigen of the gtrBTP1 mutant was also compensated by deletion of the BTP1 phage tailspike gene in the D23580 chromosome. This tailspike protein has a putative endorhamnosidase domain and thus may mediate O‐antigen cleavage. Expression of the gtrCBTP1 gene is, in contrast to expression of many other gtr operons, not subject to phase variation and transcriptional analysis suggests that gtrC is produced under a variety of conditions. Additionally, GtrCBTP1 expression is necessary and sufficient to provide protection against BTP1 phage infection of an otherwise susceptible strain. These data are consistent with a model in which GtrCBTP1 mediates modification of the BTP1 phage O‐antigen receptor in lysogenic D23580, and thereby prevents superinfection by itself and other phage that uses the same O‐antigen co‐receptor.


Over the past decade, the Russian state has been deliberately pursuing politics of masculinity that aim to actively undermine feminist dissenting voices by presenting feminism as something that is foreign and inappropriate for the Russian context. This Article examines why Russian domestic feminism has failed to generate areexamination of entrenched gender stereotypes and barriers in Russia. The Article concludes that in order to effectively combat gender stereotyping and reduce structural barriers that continuously relegate women to the private sphere, new "local norms" based on gender equality need to develop. In order for these new local norms to gain public acceptance, the role of "translators," such as civil society and domestic activists, cannot be underestimated. Unfortunately, in today's Russia, such "translation" work is highly discouraged by the state. The Russian state is simply unwilling to cede some of its power and account for dissent in order to advance gender equality, as opposed to its current politics of masculinity. INTRODUCTION I. THE MASCULINIZATION OF THE STATE AND THE DECAY OF FEMINISM A. The Pussy Riot Sentencing Decision (2012) II. CHALLENGING THE MAsCULINITY OF THE STATE A. Gender Stereotyping: Markin v. Russia Case B. Entrenching Patterns of Gendered Violence


Aspiration for higher education (HE) is no longer a matter solely for students and their families. With OECD nations seeking to position themselves more competitively in the global knowledge economy, the need for more knowledge workers has led to plans to expand their HE systems to near universal levels. In Australia, this has required the government and institutions to enlist students who traditionally have not seen university as contributing to their imagined and desired futures. However, this paper suggests that failing to appreciate the aspirations of different groups, understood as a collective cultural capacity, casts doubt over the ability of institutions to deliver increased numbers of knowledge workers. Moreover, inciting subscription to the current norms of HE is a weak form of social inclusion. Stronger forms of equity strategy are possible when HE is repositioned as a resource for different groups and communities to access in the pursuit of their aspirations.


Our changeable agriculture related policies are often in conflict with law which lags behind.This not only exacerbates the complexity of agriculture-related group disputes,but also makes the type of dispute diverse.Group disputes can be divided into types of policy processing,legal norms processing,and the intersection of policy and legal norms processing.Then,selected examples of each type are analyzed,which shows that norms of solving agriculture related group disputes should be clarified and the dispute resolution mechanisms should be specified.Therefore,only by clearly defining the type of processing of agriculture related group disputes can the diversified dispute resolution mechanism become applicable.


Eucharistic ecclesiology has undoubtedly been the most important current of ecclesiological thought in recent decades. A condition of the modern Orthodox theological self-consciousness and a point of convergence for theologians of different denominations, it is still a matter of deep discussion and a field of possible research. As one of those who has been involved in the emergence of this debate within the younger theological generation in Greece, I will confine myself, in this article, to presenting some thoughts for a critical evaluation of eucharistic ecclesiology.


Abstract: In the world of colour reproduction, which includes print, media and textiles, it is important that the finished results give an accurate representation of the original source and that enhancements or effects required are achieved. Catalogues and brochures exhibiting goods such as expensive consumer products or fine artworks are required to give the viewer a realistic image on which to base their purchasing choice. This chapter will focus on the process and procedures involved in approving colour in lithographic printing.


In this paper, we propose a Poisson noise reduction method using linearized alternating minimization. The Poisson noise is inserted into the medical and astronomical images when they are obtained and it should be reduced from the images in order to get the better visual quality and information. Recently, many researches on the augmented Lagrangian method with nonlinear block Gauss-Seidel method have been proposed for solving the total variation (TV) regularized convex model and frame-based analysis/synthesis approaches. However, they suffered from the computational burden of inner iterations or inversion process in spite of good performance. The proposed linearized alternating minimization (LAM) method overcomes aforementioned difficulty by employing the linearization of the quadratic term of the augmented function of the model and the proximal function. The frame-based balanced approach with the LAM method shows better performance in numerical results in terms of PSNR and executing time than other existing reduction methods.


The synthesis of palladium cyclometallated compounds with thiosemicarbazone ligands is described,as well as their reactivity with bidentate phosphine ligands. The synthesis of the ligands is carried out by a condensation reaction between a ketone and a thiosemicarbazide. Subsequently, metallation proceeds, and the resulting product is reacted with the bis(diphenylphosphino)methane (dppm) using the appropriate conditions to obtain the compound with phosphine in a monodentate coordination mode.


Eat 1868 AP Leased Wire. AP Wirephoto, UP Lea.sed Wire Five Cenla Io~a City, Iowa. Saturday. August 26. 1950 Vol. 84. No. 275 L-~~~~------------~J,~------------------------~--------------~--~-------------------------------------------, ------------~~~Collision in Fog Sinks-Hospital Ship Rail Walkout cmrS~h Francisco Coast;: 370 Aboa~d Canceled After ~·. FRANClSCO (IP) A signed to the east coast, smashed volence personnel as [oHows: Truman Order Reds Fa,lI Back From T aegu; U N Pla.~es Destroy 15 Ta nks military hospital ship with neal'ly her bow in colliding with the hosCivilians 119. Officers (in 406 persons aboard collided wjth ptal ship, which was returning eluding doctors and nur es and rea {reilllter. in a dense fog and sank from a trial run before being sent serve fleet officers) 48. Enlisted fo~r miles off San Francisco late to the tar east Wllr zone. personnel 200, Including medlFrld@y. . . The Luckenbach, still anoat and cal corpsmen. An ' undetermlned number of apparently in no danger ot sthkA late report said there were persons were killed and injured. lng, carried a crew of 49, accord280 survivor , most of tbem pulled 1 • ing to coast guard Information. out of the water, on their way BULLETIN The navy broke down the Beneback to Fort Mason army bllse.


A cooling ejector system that has the maximum secondary flux was designed with a composite compressible flow method and viscid one-dimensional flow method which considers the effect of viscidity.A design software with man-machine friend interface was developed with Delphi cooling language.The pump characteristics of ejector nozzle was investigated by the numerical simulation. Numerical simulation of the designed structure by Fluent demonstrates that the method is effective.


We study the two-dimensional generalized Weingarten model reduced to a point, which interpolates between the reduced Weingarten model and the large-N gauge theory. We calculate the expectation value of the Wilson loop using a Monte Carlo method and determine the string tension and string susceptibility. The numerical result suggests that the string susceptibility approaches −2 in a certain parametric region, which implies that the branchedpolymer configurations are suppressed.


Received on: 03/22/2018 Accepted on: 08/30/2018 Abstract: This research (with the support of CNPq, Process number: 443809/2014-3), based on the theoretical and methodological assumptions of Variationist Sociolinguistics (LABOV, 1994, 2008), sought to investigate the raising process of the mid vowel /o/ in final posttonic position in the Portuguese spoken by descendants of Slavic immigrants (Ukrainian and Polish) in the rural area of Irati, a city located in the South Central region of Paraná. Twenty-four sociolinguistic interviews (with a minimum of 40 minutes speech each) were analyzed. All of them belong to the database of the VARLINFE project (Variação Linguística de Fala Eslava, or Linguistic Variation of the Slavic Speech), and were stratified according to gender, two age ranges (26 to 49 and 50 years of age or older) and three levels of education (Elementary school, Middle school and High school). In total, seven linguistic variables and four social variables were listed and tested. The data were submitted to the GoldVarbX program statistical treatment and have indicated that the studied vowel presents a low raising rate.


The aim of this paper is to give an overview of the research conducted at Queensland Geothermal Energy Centre of Excellence (QGECE) on air-cooled condensers for application in geothermal power plants. The application of metal foam heat exchangers in Natural Draft Dry Cooling Towers (NDDCTs) has also been studied in detail. Samples of the numerical and experimental results are presented. These findings are then backed up by theoretical modelling that enables us to run parametric studies which are sensible to different working/environmental conditions.


The invention discloses a palygorskite water gel material for sewage treatment, which is mainly prepared from the following materials containing palygorskite in parts by weight: 50-60 parts of palygorskite, 30-35 parts of chitosan, 5-8 parts of polyvinyl alcohol and a proper amount of foam material. By utilizing the characteristics of good adsorbing performance, excellent mechanical property and low cost of palygorskite, the palygorskite is interspersed in a water gel material formed by polyvinyl alcohol and chitosan, and through foaming treatment, the prepared low-density water gel material for sewage treatment is large in specific surface area, high in adsorption efficiency and excellent in mechanical property, material thermal decomposition temperature can be increased, and material service life can be prolonged, and therefore, the water gel material is applicable to sewage treatment technology. The invention further discloses a preparation method of the low-density water gel material for sewage treatment, which is simple in production process, low in cost, safe and environment-friendly and has a market application prospect.


This cross-sectional study examined responses of the isolated cystic artery to 3 α-adrenoceptor agonists and the effects of 2 antagonists in relation to subjects' blood pressures. Potency of the 3 amines studied was: α-methylnorepinephrine > norepinephrine > phenylephrine. Responses to clonidine were trivial (2 for yohimbine. The pA2 for prazosin could not be calculated because of a decline in maximal responses but prazosin was clearly more potent than yohimbine. The decline in maximal responses to norepinephrine and phenylephrine after prazosin treatment was related to subjects' diastolic blood pressures (r = –0.400, p = 0.003). There were no significant relationships between these measurements of vascular responsiveness and a family history of hypertension. There were also no significant relationships betwen these measurements of vascular responsiveness and plasma norepinephrine levels, α2-adrenoceptor binding or platelets of β2-adrenoceptor binding of lymphocytes. The major postjunctional α-adrenoceptors in this artery are of the α1 type. The data suggest that differences in potency of α-adrenoceptor agonists in relation to blood pressure may be due to differences in the α2-adrenoceptor but are not likely due to a difference in binding to the receptor itself. The explanation for the effect of prazosin on maximal responses to α-adrenoceptor agonists in relationship to blood pressure in the present study requires further study. If the results in blood cell adrenoceptors are parallel to those in cystic artery, increased potency of α2-adrenoceptor agonists in the artery in subjects with higher blood pressure is not due to an increased number of adrenoceptors and therefore is most likely due to differences in postreceptor excitation-contraction coupling. Future experiments should utilize preparations such as subcutaneous resistance vessels where α2-adrenoceptors are more predominant.


An examination of the changing concepts of evolution, development & progress since 1920. In that yr, J. B. Bury wrote his IDEA OF PROGRESS, which ended an historical account of this idea as an outgrowth of rationalism with the warning that the notion of progress could be turned against itself. The terms evolution, development & progress are examined. Evolution has been defined by biologists as a theory of the origin of species & as a movement from lower to higher forms of life; development, as ontogeny or the emergence of the adult organism out of the germ. Unlike evolution & development, progress cannot be defined in ethically neutral terms. As formulated in the 18th cent, the theory of progress implied a belief in human perfectibility, in the unity of mankind & in a movement towards breaking the barriers between men. The notion of evolution is now criticized, & anthrop'ts talk about 'the downfall of evolutionism'; but this criticism is largely misdirected. The concept of development was redefined in ethical terms in the 192questionaires by L. T. Hobhouse. 2 movements, Marxism & a redefinition of evolutionism to avoid its errors (J. Huxley & J. Needham) have reasserted the idea of progress. It is concluded that: (1) no laws of development or progress have so far been established; (2) important major trends can be discerned (growth of command over natural forces through knowledge; development of morals through clarification of ideals; fuller insights into human needs; tendencies towards universalism & human unity); (3) these various developments have been uneven & unbalanced; & (4) the difficulties & the failures must not blind us to the successes & the possibilities that remain open. I. Langnas.


Tolstikhin, OJ. (Kurchatov Inst., Moscow, Russia), Namba, C. Accurate quantum mechanical (QM) solutions of the problems encountered in the theory of atomic collisions are rarely accessible. Even if they are, because of complexity of the calculations such solutions often have the character of a virtual experiment rather than a theory, and another theory is required for their qualitative interpretation. On the other hand, the semiclassical (SC) theory (by which we mean the asymptotic solution of the problem for small values of some parameter, h, characterizing the collision system, which is not necessarily Planck's constant) is simpler in implementation and usually permits one to consider a wider range of problems as well as to identify major mechanisms governing the collision processes. Thus, the SC theory could be very useful. However the results obtained in the leading order of this theory have limited accuracy, e.g. rv O(h), and usually cannot be improved because in the next order the theory becomes prohibitively difficult. But the asymptotic estimate of the error rv O(h) doesn't tell anything about its actual numerical value. To appreciate the meaning of rv O(h) for the given class of problems it is desirable to study those rare 'boundary' situations in which accurate QM solution can be obtained with confidence and simultaneously a SC solution is expected to be valid and to analyze in detail how these two solutions converge with each other as the asymptotic parameter h tends to zero. A study of this type, whose goal is to develop a SC understanding of the low-energy dynamics of the three-body Coulomb problem (TBCP), is initiated in the present work. Our previous QM studies of the TBCP [1] have shown that the dynamics of heavy-light-heavy systems reveals features whose understanding is most naturally and easily provided by the SC theory. In the extreme limit when two mass ratios become vanishingly small, which is the case for systems consisting of two nuclei and an electron (ion-atom collisions), a SC theory of slow collisions has been developed by Solov'ev [2]. This theory, now known as the hidden crossing method, can be extended to the case of arbitrary masses of particles on the basis of the hyperspherical approach proposed by Macek [3]. A first step in this direction was done recently [4], where a classification of hyperspherical hidden crossings in the TBCP was developed; the next step would be to study the dynamics. Here we do this for a simplified model, namely, we consider the collinear TBCP. In this case, after approapriate rescaling of hyperspherical coordinates, the Schrodinger equation can be presented in such a form that an asymptotic parameter emerges which is given by


This study is the study of Indonesia's foreign policy. The focus discusses the foreign policy of Indonesia to the Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty. The findings of this study include Indonesia supports the Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty and its implications for the resolution can be maintained or improved position of Indonesia in the international countries. The method used is descriptive-qualitative method that is intended to describe an event in more detail. Keywords: Foreign Policy, Foreign Policy, International Treaties.


The two trinuclear nickel(Ⅱ) complexes,[Ni3(Bzshz)2(C5H5N)6](C5H5N)·CH3OH·2H2O(1) and [Ni3(Bzshz)2(OH)2(C2H6O)2]·2(C3H7NO)·0.5C2H6O(2),where H3Bzshz is N-benzoylsalicylhydrazide,were prepared by reactions of Ni(OAc)2·4H2O with H3Bzshz in different solvents.The crystal structures of the two complexes were determined by X-ray diffraction analysis.Complex 1 crystallizes in monoclinic,space group P2(1)/n with a=2.198 9(2) nm,b=1.336 9(1) nm,c=2.503 4 nm,β=107.886(1)°,V=7.004(1) nm3,Z=4,R1=0.081 0,wR=0.215 4.Complex 1 is of trinuclear complex,in which three nickel(Ⅱ) atoms adopt octahedral/octahedral/square-planar coordination geometries,respectively.The molecule is quasi-linear with the Ni(1)…Ni(2)…Ni(3) angle of 169.84(3)°.Complex 2 belongs to triclinic system and P-1 space group with the crystallographic data:a=1.138 9(2) nm,b=1.368 2(2) nm,c=1.563 3(2) nm,α=67.190(2)°,β=83.953(2)°,γ=83.618(2)°,V=2.226 3(4) nm3,Z=2,R1=0.065 2,wR=0.188 0.Three nickel(Ⅱ) atoms exhibit alternating square-planar and octahedral geometries and are arranged in a strictly linear shape with an angle of 180° in complex 2.


The antifungal β-lactam (2R, 5S)-2-(hydroxymethyl)clavam was synthesized in a convergent and stereocontrolled manner from methyl 6-phthalimidopenicillanate and 2, 3-O-isopropylidene-(R)-glyceraldehyde. Convenient methods of acetonide cleavage and phthalimide deblocking are also described.


Objective To understand misconceptions aout concussion in college athletes and non-athletes. Background Formal education in concussion appears to be limited to individuals who participate in organized sports at the NCAA level. Overall, there is limitedresearch comparing athletes and non-athletes. Design/Methods A minimally modified version of the ROCKAS-ST and modified demographics/symptom knowledge questions were administered to 312 college students during the 2018-19 academic year. Participants included college athletes, individuals who participated in high school sports, and individuals with no formal athletic experience. Results Current collegiate athletes demonstrated better knowledge than non-athletes, F(2,308) = 3.17, p = .043, but the difference was only 1 question out of 21 and the effect size was small. Misconceptions were evident across groups and included believing that a second injury allows the individual to remember information forgotten as a result of the first concussion (30.1%) and that a concussion can cause an individual to forget who they are and not recognize others but be healthy in every other way (63%). While 97% recognized headache as a symptom of concussion there were also misunderstandings such as 28% of participants identifying breathing problems as a central symptom of concussion. In identifying which demographic factors other than collegiate athletics were related to improved knowledge, individuals who experienced a concussion demonstrated better knowledge (t(309) = −2.165, p = 0.04) as did participants who received education from multiple sources (F(1,309) = 4.712, p = .03, R2 = 0.015). Conclusions While collegiate athletes demonstrate better concussion knowledge than college students who have never been athletes, there continues to be much work to be done. Misconceptions abound and it appears that other than sustaining a concussion, having more sources of education may result in better knowledge.


The calculation models for airborne and impact sound transmission specified in the European standards EN 12354‐1 and ‐2 were applied to a number of common German building situations. Most of the buildings investigated were constructed from heavy elements made of brick or concrete. The measured results for the various situations were taken from qualification tests carried out by German acoustical laboratories or consultants. The calculations were performed by use of the new, commercially available software program bastian, which enables, besides the calculation of airborne and impact sound transmission, the calculation of sound transmission across facades from the outside. Input data not delivered within the bastian database has been estimated. Special interest was focused on the influence of element area and assumed structural reverberation time in situ on the calculated final result.


This article aims to highlight the degree of suitability of theinformation issued in the annual report with the conception ofthe usefulness of 49 volunteers and forecast information byTunisian financial analysts. Our questionnaire with 50 financialTunisian analysts aims to analyze the degree of utility theyprovide to forecast and voluntary information published in theannual reports of 50 companies quoted in the stock exchangeof Tunis (Tunis Stock Exchange) in 2010. Our results highlightthe existence of a significant gap between information supplyand demand. More specifically, the supply of 12 items iscompletely different from their request by the Tunisianfinancial analysts.


This paper presents a new approach to design radar signal detection algorithms that are applicable when a priori information is limited. The problem is formulated as testing the hypothesis of the kind of a density function. A new method that uses nonparametric statistics of partial likelihood ratios and allows adopting a permutation test in a practical algorithm is suggested and researched. The results can be used for signal detection and processing in different radar systems.


Manfred E. Clynes has since 1956 been chief research scientist at Rockland State, in charge of the Dynamic Simulation Lab. A graduate of the Univ. of Melbourne, Australia, and holder of an M.S. from Juilliard School, he has for the past 10 years been engaged in the design and development of physiological instrumentation and apparatus, ultrasonic transducers, and electronic data-processing systems.


The tunnelling effect predicted by Josephson [8] in 1962 (Nobel Prize in Physics, 1973) relates to a system of two superconductors separated by a thin dielectric layer. This phenomenon is as follows: if the dielectric is sufficiently thin, then there is a superconducting current through the system (called a Josephson junction) which is described by Josephson's equations. In this note we investigate a model of an overdamped Josephson junction (see [3] and the bibliography there), which is described by the family of equations


When mice were exposed to aerosols of different strains of the encephalomyocarditis virus group or Mengo RNA, the observed differences in pathogenicity were correlated with plaque size, state of the virus (intact or RNA) and the presence or absence of circulating antibodies. With aerosols of Mengo-37A, a small plaque-forming immunogenic strain, virus was recovered from the lungs, intestines, spleen, liver and blood. Pathologic changes occurred in the lungs and heart. Mice exposed to lethal aerosols of Mengo or Col-SK (large plaque-forming strains) yielded virus from every organ. However, with lethal Mengo RNA aerosols there was a delayed appearance of virus in the intestinal tract. Mice exposed to lethal Mengo RNA, Col-SK and Mengo virus aerosols exhibited similar pathologic changes, which occurred only in brain and liver tissues. Challenge with lethal Col-SK or Mengo aerosols resulted in no deaths of Mengo-37A immunized mice. However, challenge virus was recovered from the lungs, intestinal tract, spleen, liver and blood. Pathologic changes were also observed in lung and liver tissues. RNA aerosol exposure of mice immunized with Mengo-37A resulted in virus being isolated from lung tissue only.


This paper reports a series of flow visualization studies in which cloud-like off-source volumetric heating is injected into fully developed turbulent flow, with the objective of simulating the effect of the heat release that accompanies condensation and freezing of water vapour in a cloud. The visualizations provide axial and normal sections of the flow using laser sheet illumination. special emphasis is placed on a comparison of the results obtained in jets and plumes. Although the results are broadly similar in both flows, the plume (which should be closer to a cloud) shows greater dilution due to entrainment before heating,;and stronger effects due to heating. In particular, heating is shown to arrest the spread of the plume and cause considerable disruption of the large eddies in the flow, It is concluded that heat release due to phase change in a cloud has not only thermodynamic but subtle and important fluid-dynamical consequences as well.


ABSTRACT This paper traces the growth of the Muslim press in Russia, its consolidation, and its survival during the Soviet Period, followed by its revival in the early 1990s. Although by no means comprehensive in scope, it is a necessary step in beginning to shed light on this under-researched topic. These unique publishing cultures represent outlets for freedom of expression, even in controlled cultural spaces, and document the intellectual protest among Muslim communities in Russia. Understanding the contributions of various Muslim publishing centres is critical to gaining a broader view of Russian and Soviet Studies.


Revascularization is accomplished in 90–95% of CLI patients, according to current data. These findings indicate the increasing involvement of endovascular options (tibial angioplasty) in the last 5 years, indicated in the phrase "endovascular first" and often used in relativized indication. How long this more rigorous under-the-knee treatment will endure in a group of vascular patients with diabetes is uncertain. There is no reliable long-term evidence on how often and/or how quickly these patients need to be hospitalized to have their limbs amputated or CLI treatment. "10-30% of CLI patients can not be revascularized," most sources say.Vascular doctors require precise tools to analyze results to manage treatment for patients with limb-threatening ischemia. Historically, bypass-patency rates, amputation of larger limbs, and death were the most often used endpoints for measuring therapeutic efficacy. Because they're easy to recognize and document, they're important in clinical research. While more difficult to define and track, quality of life and functional status are more probable predictors of success.Amputation is not always necessary when standard revascularization is no longer an option for the patient, based on this paper's findings. Not every CLI patient is the same, and the effects of careful wound care alone in selected high-risk patients should not be overlooked. Also, some of the procedures/therapies discussed in this article may be appropriate for certain individuals. These techniques can be employed in patients with resting pain or non-healing wounds who have extensive minor artery disease, and no distal artery targets for standard open or endovascular revascularization, according to a literature review. As a reason, they are considered a last resort treatment when amputation seems to be the only plausible alternative decision. The hardest component of a vascular medicine specialist's work is to decide whether treatment is suitable for a given patient.


In line with previous research and our prediction, self- and subordinate descriptions of the behavior of 92 supervisors are only weakly related. Also, congruence between these two descriptions is positively related to three measures of situational control. These findings are congruent with Fiedler's view that leaders describe themselves as they are in high-control situations.


In this paper an approach to recognizing objects on images is proposed. The approach is based on a logical inference in CLP Prolog using structural descriptions of objects. Searching edges of objects on image is performed as a unification of built-in predicate line satisfying a set of constraints defined by the description. Structural description is presented as rules of CLP Prolog. Keywords— Syntactic Pattern Recognition, Constraint Logic Programming, Prolog, Spatial Constraints.


Orientia tsutsugamushi is a Gram- and LPS-negative bacterium that can cause severe scrub typhus in the Asia-Pacific region. While bacteria replicate freely in endothelial cell (EC) and phagocyte cytosol, little is known regarding pathogen recognition and cellular responses. Our newly developed O. tsutsugamushi infection mouse models are valuable for mechanistic studies. Here, we show that a hallmark of lethal infection is Th1-skewed, but Th2-impaired, immune responses, accompanied by severe endothelial damage and acute tissue injury. While tissue bacteria peak at disease onset (D6), neutrophil and CD8 T cell influx/activation reach peaks around D10 (prior to mouse death). We further show the pathological characteristics of vascular activation and tissue damage: 1) a significant increase of ICAM-1, VEGFR2, and angiopoietin-2 proteins in infected tissues and lung-derived ECs, 2) a loss of endothelial quiescent/junction proteins (angiopoietin-1, VE-cadherin), and 3) a functional loss of Tie2 receptor. Pulmonary macrophages predominantly display an M1-like (CD80+CD64+CD11b+) phenotype at D6 and D9, which correlated with the significant loss of CD31+CD45− ECs and M2-like (CD206+CD64+CD11b+−) cells. NanoString analyses of infected lung and spleen tissues and in vitro studies suggested a role for Clec4e in pathogen recognition and the IL-12/IL-27 axis in driving proinflammatory immune responses and cellular injury. This is the first detailed investigation of lung cellular immune responses during acute O. tsutsugamushi infection. It uncovers specific biomarkers for vascular dysfunction and M1-skewed inflammatory responses, highlighting future therapeutic research for the control of this neglected tropical disease.


The legend about Sun Zhong's cultivation of melons reminds readers of the three generations of Sun Zhong,Sun Jian and Sun Quan.But in the spread of the legend there exist different editions in different places.We can explore the legend in interactive exchange of humans and cultures from the specific historical backgrounds,natural environments and cultural backgrounds to dig into,inherit and develop this non-material cultural heritage and its related material carrier so as to give an active play to the legend in great development and prosperity of cultures.


Obtaining information about hard-to-reach populations is a major challenge in the market research field. In our case of analyzing German minorities in Denmark, only a small fraction of the total population belongs to the target population. Therefore, selecting minorities by generating telephone numbers at random would result in very high costs. Alternative sampling methods have to be used, but there are no practices to identify the best approach. This article tries to fill this gap and creates a comparison of snowball sampling (SS), random digit dialing (RDD), gravity sampling (GS) and facility-based sampling (FBS). Sample data has been extracted by a previous survey (Hoops, Schnapp and Schaefer-Rolffs 2013) and a further model extended by randomly generating and simulating all four sampling methods using bootstrapping procedures. This enabled us to estimate the cardinality of the sample space, the bias and the variance of the inclusion probabilities in the sample for each method. Only GS and RDD create samples which are asymptotically unbiased. The combination of gravity and complete as well as non-overlapping citizens registers produces the highest cardinality of the sample space. But in contrast to RDD, citizens registry-office methods allow no household samples. So gravity analyses help to identify regions with a high prevalence of the target population to create samples with roughly varying inclusion probabilities. Our simulations indicate that gravity sampling methods using official databases produce very high quality samples. For cost reasons this method should be tested in practice to conduct surveys with hard-to-reach populations.


This paper examines exponential mean square stability of the split-step theta approximation and the stochastic theta method for the stochastic differential delay equations and stochastic ordinary differential equations (SODEs) under a coupled monotone condition on drift and diffusion coefficients. It is shown that for the two classes of the theta approximations can preserve the exponential mean square stability when some conditions on the stepsize and drift coefficient are imposed, but for , without the globally Lipschitz continuity, these two classes of theta methods show exponentially mean square stability unconditionally. Moreover, for sufficiently small stepsize, the decay rate as measured by the bound of the Lyapunov exponent can be reproduced arbitrarily accurately. Some results in this paper extend the existing results for linear SODEs to nonlinear stochastic differential equations (SDEs), and also improve our previous results of numerical stability of nonlinear SDEs.


ABSTRACT Using data from the National Center of Educational Statistics' (NCES) 2009 High School Longitudinal Study, this article studies the relationship between mathematics identity and mathematics success for LatinX students by relying on critical race theory and intersectionality as theoretical frameworks. The quantitative analysis relies on hierarchical regression modeling to examine the relative impact of demographic variables, school characteristics, parents social capital, and parental involvement on the mathematics grade point averages at the conclusion of 11th grade of a national sample of LatinX students. The article concludes with a discussion of the ways in which we as educators, policy makers, and researchers can work toward supporting positive mathematics identity development and, by extension, mathematical attainment and success for LatinX students. Specifically, the article discusses ways in which the experiences, cultures and abilities of these students can be acknowledged, celebrated, and built upon.


This paper analyzes the inclusion/exclusion and portrayal of minorities (African and Native American) in one early form of tobacco advertising: American tobacco cards from 1880-1911. I test hypotheses related to: 1) attempts to hide the accomplishments/lifestyle of minorities; 2) the inclusion of minorities for exploitative purposes; 3) the role of competition on discrimination; and 4) the existence of progressive undercurrents in this form of advertising. My econometric analysis shows that American tobacco cards contributed via exclusion to the hidden from view treatment of minority lifestyles. The majority of minority inclusions was exploitative in nature promoting racial stereotyping and niche audience marketing, yet a limited progressive undercurrent of treatment, particularly for Native Americans, did emerge. JEL classification: B500, J150, N310


This investigation explores a modified vector control (VC) for stand-alone doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) based on nonsingular terminal sliding mode control (NTSMC) method. By introducing an improved oriented method, the modified VC achieves more accurate oriented process and exact terminal stator voltage for stand-alone DFIG system. The NTSMC is applied to design the rotor current controller, which makes the states converge to the sliding surface in finite time without a singular problem. Furthermore, an extended state observer (ESO) is designed to estimate the lumped disturbances, therefore reducing the dependency on the knowledge of DFIG plant. Therefore, better tracking performance of the rotor current is achieved. Finally, numerous simulation results are given to demonstrate the robustness, dynamic and static performance of the proposed approach.


We have fabricated ambipolar transistors on chemically prepared hydrogen-terminated Si(111) surfaces, in which a two-dimensional electron system (2DES) or a two-dimensional hole system (2DHS) can be populated in the same conduction channel by changing the gate voltage of a global gate applied through a vacuum gap. Depending on the gate bias, ion implanted n$^+$ and p$^+$ regions function either as Ohmic contacts or as in-plane gates, which laterally confine the carriers induced by the global gate. On one device, electron and hole densities of up to $7.8\times10^{11}$ cm$^{-2}$ and $7.6\times10^{11}$ cm$^{-2}$ respectively are obtained. The peak electron mobility is $1.76\times10^5$ cm$^{2}$/Vs, and the peak hole mobility is $9.1\times10^3$ cm$^{2}$/Vs at 300 mK; the ratio of about 20 is mainly due to the very different valley degeneracies (6:1) of electrons and holes on the Si(111) surface. On another device, the peak electron mobility of $2.2\times10^5$ cm$^{2}$/Vs is reached at 300 mK. These devices are hexagonal in order to investigate the underlying symmetry of the 2DESs, which have a sixfold valley degeneracy at zero magnetic field. Three magnetoresistance measurements with threefold rotational symmetry are used to determine the symmetry of the 2DESs at different magnetic field. At filling factor $1 < \nu < 2$, the observed anisotropy can be explained by a single valley pair occupancy of composite fermions (CFs). Qualitatively the CFs preserve the valley anisotropy, in addition to the twofold valley degeneracy. At magnetic field up to 35 T, the 2/3 fractional quantum Hall state is observed with a well developed hall plateau; at $\nu<2/3$, the three magnetoresistances show a large anisotropy (50:1). We also show that device degradation is not a serious issue for our measurements, if the device is kept in vacuum or a nitrogen gas environment and its time in air is minimized.


The main objective of the research is to measure the impact of the exchange rate on foreign direct investment in Iraq, and to achieve this, it has been relying on time series data for foreign direct investment, the exchange rate, gross domestic product, inflation rate, and money supply for the period 1990-2021 by applying to the Iraqi economy as independent economic variables and their impact on The dependent variable is the exchange rate, and the unit root and stability test was carried out, and in order to detect the inactivity of the series variables, the developed Dickie-Fuller test was used, and the AIC standard was relied upon to test the slowing periods using the descriptive and quantitative method based on the Eviews-12 statistical program. The test proved that the variables of the study appeared static in the level and the first difference, which allows the use of the autoregressive model of the distributed time gap ARDL. And foreign direct investment in the agricultural sector and a positive relationship in the long and short term between GDP and foreign direct investment in the agricultural sector. As for the money supply in the broad sense, the relationship was inverse and significant in the long term only. in the agricultural sector.


s of Original Communications. Detailed directions for the preparation of abstracts are given in the Gazette sent to all members of the Society. Further copies may be obtained from the Editorial Office. Authors must include in the text of their abstract sufficient information to justify its use as a scientific reference and to make it informative for those not able to attend the meeting. Papers by non-members must be introduced by members of the Society. Authors are reminded that all abstracts may be subject to amendments requested by members at the meeting. It is the responsibility of the authors to provide the final version of their abstract in camera-ready form, incorporating all required amendments, before publication in the Proceedings. References. 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Slough Commonwealth Agricultural Bureaux. Edmundson W (1980) Adaptation to undemutrition: how much food does man need? Social Science and Medicine 14 D, 19-126. European Communities (1971) Deremiization of Crude Oils and Fats, Process A . Part 18, Animal Feeding-stuffs, pp. 15-19. London: HM Stationery Office. Hegsted DM (1963) Variation in requirements of nutrients amino acids. Federation Proceedings 22, 14241430. Heneghan JB (1979) Enterocyte kinetics, mucosal surface area and mucus in gnotobiotes. In Clinical and Experimental Gnotobiotics. Proceedings of the Vlth International Symposium on Gnotobiology, pp. 19-27 [TM Fliedner, H Heit, D Niethammer and H Pflieger, editors]. Stuttgart: Gustav Fischer Verlag. Hill DC (1977) Physiological and biochemical responses of rats given potassium cyanide or linamarin. In Cassava as an Animal Feed. Proceedings of a Workshop held at Universiry of Guelph. 1977. International Development Research Centre Monograph 095% pp. 33-42 [B Nestel and M Graham, editors]. Ottawa, Canada: International Development Research Centre. Lau EMC (1988) Osteoporosis in elderly Chinese (letter). British Medical Journal 296,1263. Louis-Sylvestre J (1987) Adaptation de I'ingestion alimentaire aux dkpenses energetiques (Adaptation of food intake to energy expenditure). Reproduction Nutrition Diveloppement 27, 17 1-1 88. Martens H & Rayssiguier Y (1980) Magnesium metabolism and hypomagnesaemia. In Digestive Physiology and Metabolism in Ruminants, pp. 447-466 [Y Ruckebusch and P Thivend, editors]. Lancaster: MTP Press Ltd. Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (1977) Energy Allowances and Feeding Systems forRuminants. Technical Bulletin no. 33. London: HM Stationery Office. Pet0 R, Doll R, BucMy JD & Spom MB (1981) Can dietary beta-carotene materially reduce human cancer rates? Nature 290,201-208. Sebrell WH Jr & Hanis RS (1967) The Vitamins, 2nd ed.. vol. 1. London: Academic Press. Directions to Contributors Statistical Analysis Systems (1985) SAS User's Guide, Statistics. Cary, NC: SAS Institute Inc. Statistical Package for Social Science (1988) Base Manual + V2.0. Chicago, IL: SPSS Inc. Technicon Instruments Co. Ltd (1967) Technician Methodology Sheet N36. Basingstoke: Technicon Instrument Co. Ltd. Van Dokkum W, Wesstra A & Schippers F (1982) Physiological effects of fibre-rich types of bread. 1. The effect of dietary fibre from bread on the mineral balance of young men. British Journal of Nutrition 47, 451-460. Wallace RJ & West AA (1982) Adenosine 5' triphosphate and adenylate energy charge in sheep digesta. Journal of Agricultural Science, Cambridge 98,523-528. Wilson J (1965) Leber's disease. PhD Thesis, University of London. World Health Organization (1965) Physiology of Lactation. Technical Report Series no. 305. Geneva: WHO. Units. Results should be presented in metric units according to the International System of Units (see Quantities, Units, and Symbols (1971) London: The Royal Society, and Metric Units, Conversion Factors and Nomenclature in Nutritional and Food Sciences (1972) London: The Royal Society-as reproduced in Proceedings of the Nutrition Society (1972) 31,239-247). Energy measurements should be expressed in joules. For substances of known molecular weight, e.g. glucose, urea, Ca, Na, Fe, K, P, values should be expressed as mom: for substances of indeterminate molecular weights, e.g. phospholipids, proteins, and for trace elements, e.g. Cu, Zn, g/l should be used. Time. The 24 h clock should be used, e.g. 15.00 hours. Statistical Treatment of Results. The experimental design and method of analysis should be described in sufficient detail to permit anyone wishing to reproduce the experiment and its analysis to do so. 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Tourism listed companies have been classified into three types such as hotel, scenic spot recreation and comprehensive type and their performance was evaluated and the performance of hotel listed companies is inferior to the other two types, which results from active market competition, unbalanced structure and poor management. Thus, hotel listed companies should consummate their interior management, continually realize management innovation and suitably carry out exit strategy.


In contrast to symbolic or associationist representations, I advocate a third form of representing information that employs geometrical structures. I argue that this form is appropriate for modelling concept learning. By using the geometrical structures of what I call conceptual spaces, I define properties and concepts. A learning model that shows how properties and concepts can be learned in a simple but naturalistic way is then presented. I also discuss the advantages of the geometric approach over the symbolic and associationist traditions.


iii iv " Cyplt po oseni sqitat. " (Russian proverb) Acknowledgments I want to express my gratitude to Prof. Dr. Wolfgang J. Paul for his helpful assistance during my research. Also throughout my studies i constantly benefited from his expertise as the knowledge and experience i gained from his lectures enabled me to write this thesis in the first place. Moreover his collaborative work with Silvia M. Müller on the formalization of floating-point arithmetics was an important basis for this document. Furthermore I am thankful to Ulan Degenbaev for his considerable contributions to this thesis. I always appreciated his valuable suggestions and corrections during my work and it was a pleasure working together with him. Last but not least i would like to thank my family and friends for their love and support in the past months and years.


With him, I have enrolled him in a variety of different courses up until this year, trying to find one that would inspire him. We did creative movement, we did karate this year, and I never could find the right one. And finally a light went on and he discovered painting and drawing and pottery. And for him art, and being able to represent his thoughts, has become a huge opening. It's a form of expression that he's never had before, and he's just excited by it, which is nice to see. Its been interesting to watch him. He has a passion. (Parent interview transcript, Christa, in Lackey, 1997, p. 144)The quotation above is an excerpt from an interview conducted in the course of my2 dissertation project, completed over ten years ago. The speaker, given a fictitious name, is the mother of a six-year-old boy who was at the time enrolled in a children's art class at the West Side Center, a pseudonym for a recreation facility located in an established upper-middle-class, tree-lined neighborhood in Vancouver, British Columbia. The perspectives of parents were not really central to the dissertation, which explored more widely how various actors interacting in two community centers within socio-economically and culturally different neighborhoods, viewed and experienced leisure art programming relative to the more dominant center agendas that promoted sport and fitness. This particular quotation, however, was mysteriously compelling to me at the time, and lingered in the back of my mind for years. I was drawn to it in part because I recognized myself, a white middle-class woman like Christa, in the seemingly systematic and almost urgent way in which this mother spoke about finding "the right" activity for her child, one that would match his interests and ignite something (what?) in him. I wondered at the way in which it implied a deeply careful almost scientific observation of her son, both "who" he was and how he responded to each of the experiences that she had him "try on." I puzzled at why a six-year-old would need a "passion." More than these, however, was my sudden recognition of her-and my own -taken-for-granted construction of what "good" parenting entailed with respect to children's education, broadly conceived. The presumption was that good parents took seriously a felt responsibility for seeking supplemental, out-of-school educational experiences that were unique to their children's personalities. A revelation came when I realized that this parenting practice that seemed normal to me, and was also something about which I felt mysteriously driven, was in fact a cultural assumption, not universal, and arguably grounded in my own middle-class-ness. That the ultimate 'fit' in the case of Christa's son turned out to be an out-of-school art class, cemented her words in my memory and caused me to ponder how these out-of-school forms of art education might be caught up in middle-class parents' agendas in both general and specific ways.The purpose of this article is to explore some of the intersections between a particular logic of middle-class parenting and the use of out-of-school art education to foster socialization and cultural capital3. I suggest that middle-class parents use extraschool art educational programming to promote children's classed values and privilege in general. These parents also, however, view out-of school art education as contributing in distinct and particular ways to sought-after middle-class characteristics for their offspring. In this moment of crisis for public school education, within which school art is persistently constrained by practices of standardization and vulnerable to defunding and de-schooling, scholars and educators increasingly seek ways to reimagine and re-locate places of learning as well as to forge coalitions with organizations in out-of-school sites (Ellsworth, 2005; Sandlin, Schultz, & Burdick, 2010). While nonschool settings do hold vast potential for re-thinking and invigorating art education, they simultaneously provide fields of play that permit those who already hold power and resources opportunities to activate privilege and maintain inequities in informal ways. …


Immature teratoma accounts for 10 - 20% of all ovarian neoplasms in women less than 20 years of age with peak incidence between 15 - 19 years and they account for 30% of deaths arising from ovarian cancer in this age group. (1) Immature teratomas are rarely found to be bilateral, (2) Immature teratomas are malignant in nature and the most common sites of dessemination are peritoneum, retroperitoneal lymph nodes, hematogenous spread to Lung liver and brain is unusual.(3) We report a case of an immature teratoma of the ovary in a 14 year old girl who presented to us with acute pain abdomen. On examination patient was febrile, tachycardia present and abdominal rigidity was seen. Ultrasound examination showed a pelvic mass with fluid in morrisons pouch suggesting internal haemorrhage. Urine pregnancy test was done to rule out ectopic pregnancy. Patient was taken for emergency laparotomy. On laparotomy ruptured ovarian mass was seen with hemoperitoneum. Unilateral salpingo - oophorectomy was done and specimen sent for Histopathological examination which revealed immature ovarian teratoma stage I, Grade 3. Post- operative period was uneventful. Patient was referred to cancer centre for chemotherapy and further management. Patient was put on BEP regime.(Bleomycin Etoposide, Paclitaxal).on further follow up


Strong and innovative entrepreneurship is needed to strengthen the economy of every country. Entrepreneuriship brings to the goal of the country which is manifested in as much as possible competition on the market, creativity and speed to stand out from the others. In order for the economy of each country to develop and maintain this trend successfully, it is important to pay close attention to micro, small, medium or large companies. However, the main holder of the economy in the Republic of Croatia and elsewhere are small business. Their success is made by all employees in the small business sector who, through their knowledge, skills and experience, contribute to their company and also the state in general. In order to maintain the success of an employee, it is establish an appropriate and attractive compensation package that will also encourage employees. An equally important part of this thesis, along with the theoretical part, relates to an empirical study of the features of employee remuneration in small enterprises in the Republic of Croatia. Through the research, data on the essential parts of the total compensation package of employees in small enterprises was collected in order to obtain a clearer and more detailed picture of the state of the remuneration system. Survey data shows that the basic salary of employees is dominantly determined by individual negotiation of employees and directors and that the salary has not changed only once in several years or it has not changed in last five years. Also, research has shown that most small business do not have special fees and no benefits that go beyond the legal framework.


Concatenated chirped and sampled fiber Bragg gratings are used to simultaneously generate multiple wavelength-tunable delayed versions of a wide bandwidth (10GHz) analog linear-frequency-modulated (LFM) pulse. We measured peak sidelobe level (PSL) > 31 dB. © 2019 The Author(s)


Transoral robotic surgery (TORS) for early glottic cancer has been reported, but the issue of anterior commissure involvement has seldom been addressed. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to preliminarily report the treatment results of TORS in this disease entity.


An improved COSTAS loop was presented for enhancing the operating efficiency of the carrier recovery system in the SDR and simplifying its implementation.Its operating principle was expounded by taking an example of QPSK signal,and the improved algorithm analysed.Finally the feasibility of the algorithm was validated by simulation via System View software,and the results show that the improved loop is of simpler implementation,lower error rate and etc,in the precondition of extracting the synchronous carrier component.


The success of development in a country, strongly influenced by the role of transportation. Development of transportation is very important to support and drive the dynamics of development, because its function as a catalyst in supporting economic growth and regional development. The current condition of Indonesia's transport infrastructure has greatly declined. Damage occurs, especially in provincial roads, so it is necessary to develop transportation infrastructure by the district/city government.


Twitter is one of the social media with the most active users, which is 24 million active users. Information published on twitter contains comments from users on an object. Sentiment analysis is used to determine whether the data includes negative comments or positive comments because the comments taken on twitter are textual data. The method used in this sentiment analysis is Support Vector Machine (SVM) about public comments on fuel price increases on twitter. The comment data used was 258 data on September 4, 2022 because on that date it was exactly the day after the fuel price increase. First, preprocessing is done to remove unnecessary words or information. Then the data is divided into training data by 80% and testing data by 20%. The accuracy rate is 82.69%, sensitivity is 100%, and specificity is 79.07%. Then from the results of testing 52 data obtained the results of 43 negative comments and 9 positive comments so that it can be concluded that more people disagree with the increase in fuel prices.


The multi-shape memory effect (multi-SME) in amorphous shape memory polymers (SMPs) linked with collective and cooperative rearrangements and accommodation of monomeric segments leads to the generation of complex thermodynamic modes. In this study, an extended domain size model is initially formulated to describe variations in temperature-dependent relaxation behavior and domain transitions in amorphous SMPs. According to the Adam–Gibbs theory, a cooperative model is employed to identify the principle role of domain size in the collective dynamics of multi-SMEs in amorphous SMPs. The phase transition theory is then combined with the multi-branch Kelvin model to describe the collective and cooperative relaxation behavior of the SMPs with multiple transition domains. It is shown that the proposed model is able to characterize the thermomechanical transitions and multiple shape recovery processes. Finally, the model is applied to predict the shape recovery behavior of SMPs with triple- and quadruple-SMEs, respectively, and the theoretical results are well validated by the experimental results.


One challenge with modern smartwatches is text input. In this paper we explore the use of gestural interaction with a smartwatch to support text input. The inertial measurement unit of a smartwatch is used to capture gestural interaction by a user, and an external display is used to provide feedback. We examine two specific variants of gesture keyboards: the swype keyboard common on modern smartphones and the cirrin keyboard, a gestural keyboard that supports character input via directional gestures. We show, first, that freearm gestural input as sensed by a smartwatch exhibits similar efficiency as freearm gestural input sensed by motion capture systems. As well, we show that the smartwatch inertial measurement unit can support text input on ubiquitous computing displays.


Meditation is purely an internal effort for self regulation of mind and it provides rest to the mind. When the mind is free from agitation meditation emerges. It is a key practice for mental hygiene. Emotional intelligence is an ability to perceive one's emotion and other people emotion and to use those emotional information to guide ones thinking and behavior. Subjective well-being is a multi dimensional which includes both positive and negative emotions, satisfaction with different aspects of one's life and global satisfaction. This study assess the relationship between meditation, emotional intelligence (EQ) and subjective well-being (SWB) through structural equation modelling.


Multidimensional echocardiography includes three-dimensional (3-D) and four-dimensional (4-D) imaging of cardiovascular structures. Compound scanning (in vitro) and three scan techniques for transesophageal echocardiographic (TEE) imaging (in vivo) are used for acquisition of 3-D images of the heart and great vessels. A computer algorithm for 3-D reconstruction of ultrasound images reduces operator interaction to the selection of regions of interest and appropriate border threshold values. Data are processed by automatic reregistration, speckle reduction, and contrast enhancement routines to facilitate determination of a threshold value. Mathematical morphologic filtering is used to minimize noise and small artifacts along the edges of the object. In vitro experiments show excellent accuracy of volume measurements in reconstructed objects. Visual comparison of a reconstructed and electronically sectioned heart with the similarly cut anatomic specimen demonstrates high fidelity in depiction of anatomic structures.<<ETX>>


A study on the name services system in Windows NT and UNIX environments is carried out in respects such as distribution of IP address,connection of host name and IP address,space structure of names, and name to address resolution Furthermore, it is shown that the name services system can be applied to the upper end of the Internet as well as large scale network planning in UNIX environment, and to the lower end of the Internet as well as the enterprise planning in NT environment Therefore, combination of the two systems will be a tendency to develop the Internet construction in the future


Summary

Using NMR and IR spectroscopy we compared the LCST behaviour of two types of thermoresponsive polymer systems, poly(N-vinylcaprolactam) (PVCL) and acrylamide-based polymers in aqueous solutions. We confirmed that during phase separation both PVCL and poly(N-isopropylmethacrylamide) (PNIPMAm) chains undergo coil-globule transition. At the same time some important differences were found for PVCL in comparison with PNIPMAm and poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAm), especially a much lower level of dehydration of PVCL segments at temperatures above the phase transition. We assume that the origin of these differences can be in different structure of respective monomer units. From time dependences of ATR FTIR spectra it follows that the low degree of dehydration of PVCL segments is not changed with time. Small increase in the wavenumbers of the Amide I components of the hydrated PVCL carbonyl groups with time indicates that water released from PVCL mesoglobules with time, as revealed from NMR T2 measurements, might be mainly indirectly bound water.


The aim of this research is to find a solution for location privacy protection in
the Internet of Thing network and especially in the problem of source location privacy
problem. As nowadays, privacy in cyber world stimulate a stake, with many
regulations and rules to get implemented in order to protect personal data and privacy
of individuals, we tried to give a solution to a specific type of this problem, in terms of
Privacy by design. We tried to reach our goal, starting from a really detailed
comparison between the Internet of Things network and its predecessor Wireless
Sensor Networks. We came up with three new features that the Internet of Things
network provides, which are mobility, energy consumption and outside connectivity
and then by adding them to the already existing solutions for source location privacy
in Wireless Sensor Networks, we assumed that these protocols are not able to be
implemented in the Internet of Things network on their current form. So, we created
a new version of the Phantom Routing Protocol for the Internet of Things, which was
firstly designed for Wireless Sensor Networks. Although, there is enough work to be
done, we think that Phantom Routing Protocol for the Internet of Things is a good start
for the design and implementation of solutions that protect privacy in the Internet of
Things from the beginning of use of this new technology, in order to avoid privacy and
personal data violation.


Steady-state oscillations of thin-walled annular viscoelastic plate under harmonically time-varying pressure distributed over bottom plane are considered. The mechanical properties of materials depend on the temperature. The comparison of numerical results with the rigorous, classic theory based on Kirchhoff hypothesis and specified theories is carried out.


A catalytic enantioselective conjugate addition of cyanide to α,β-unsaturated N-acylpyrroles was developed using the chiral gadolinium catalyst generated from Gd(OiPr)3 and d-glucose-derived ligand 2. Generally high enantioselectivity was obtained from a wide range of substrates; substrates with β-aryl and β-vinyl substituents and α,β-disubstituted substrates can now be used. Using this reaction as a key step, short-step syntheses of several pharmaceuticals and their lead compounds were achieved, including the β-phenyl-substituted GABA analogue and pregabalin.


As in other languages, in the case of Catalan there has been a great deal of research interest during recent years in patterns of authentic spoken language, especially spontaneous and informal speech. This article introduces the Corpus Oral de Català Col·loquial (COC), a corpus of oral Catalan colloquial speech created with the aim of providing students with adequate material to study colloquial conversations in Catalan. This corpus is part of a more extensive project, namely the Corpus de Català Contemporani de la Universitat de Barcelona (CUB), a large corpus of contemporary Catalan developed at the University of Barcelona, which includes other sub-corpora that capture the geographical, social and functional variety of contemporary Catalan. The COC consists of 50 colloquial conversations (with four native speakers of Eastern Catalan, the majority of whom are from the urban region around Barcelona), which were recorded, transcribed and orthographically unified. Ten of these conversations, which form the so-called basic block, have already been corrected and revised. These can be made available to interested researchers.


Nations are increasingly demonstrating a commitment to disability rights by enacting national policies on disability. Among them, the United Republic of Tanzania has, in addition to being a signatory to the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD), made a public commitment to the rights of persons with disabilities through a number of national policy mechanisms such as the Persons with Disabilities Act of 2010. As in other nations with policy commitments to disability rights, however, the principles and promises made in policy documents often are not reflected in direct action for the Act's intended beneficiaries. This article explores the challenges of translating policy to action by examining the accountability mechanisms tied to the employment-related Articles of the Persons with Disabilities Act of 2010 and by discussing studies that provide the "on the ground" employment reality in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Keywords: Tanzania, Policy, People with Disabilities Act, Workplace Quotas, Employment


Suction casting (SC) and centrifugal casting (CC) are two common special casting processes. The influences of SC and CC on the microstructural development of Cu-10Al-4Fe-4Ni aluminum bronzes were investigated with continuous cooling method. The results indicate that α, β', K_II, and K_III phases are observed in the quasicast microstructure via the SC process with the precipitation sequence of K_II → α → K_III. Additionally, K_I and K_IV are observed in the quasicast microstructure via the CC process with the precipitation sequence of α + K_I → K_II → K_IV → K_III. Phase initial precipitation temperatures of the CC process are higher than that of the SC process, especially for a phase. As the quenching temperature decreases, the hardness of both alloys shows a rapid decline trend and finally reaches a steady state. It is found that the eutectoid decomposition (β → α + K_III) barely affects the hardness of the alloys.


The trend in process-oriented curricula reform began in the mid-1980s and 1990s in response to a call for nursing education to graduate registered nurses that were responsive to a changing society. Many curricula were redesigned from a traditional approach to a process-oriented approach at this time. The purpose of this study is to explore, from a Grounded Theory approach, how instructional strategies are determined within the Canadian classroom setting in a process-oriented curriculum. Interviews were conducted with 17 nurse educators from the Nursing Education Program of Saskatchewan (NEPS). Nurse educators represented courses from all years of the four-year baccalaureate program and all three sites. All interviews were audiotaped and transcribed verbatim with data saturation reached after 13 interviews. Strauss and Corbin's (1998) Grounded Theory analysis was utilized. Data analysis was assisted with the use of the qualitative data analysis software program Atlas.ti. The understanding of self was an integrating factor in the theory. The theory provides insights into the factors that have determined the types of instructional strategies utilized by full-time faculty within a generic processoriented curriculum and identifies the support systems these nurse educators feel were or should be in place to assist in their roles. The research has implications for nurse educators, administrators, program planners, and students.


In times of emerging multi-drug resistance among Gram-negative bacteria (including Salmonella enterica, Serovar Typhi), we observed relapse of typhoid fever following delayed response to treatment with meropenem, suggestive for limited clinical efficacy of the drug. Three previously published cases supported our suspicion. Within this context, we discuss the case details with a focus on potential explanations for insufficient clinical response to meropenem (e.g. limited intracellular penetration, phenomena of tolerance and persistence). Meropenem is a last-resort antimicrobial agent for the treatment of multi-drug resistant Gram-negative infections. Reliable clinical data evaluating the efficacy of meropenem for the treatment of typhoid fever are urgently needed. Future clinical studies evaluating typhoid fever outcome should also investigate the impact of (i) intracellular penetration of antibiotics, and (ii) tolerance and persistence on outcome.


We derive from first principles the equations governing (a) the quadrupole tensor of a star distorted both by rotation and by the presence of a companion in a possibly eccentric orbit; (b) a functional form for the dissipative force of tidal friction, based on the concept that the rate of energy loss from a time-dependent tide should be a positive-definite function of the rate of change of the quadrupole tensor as seen in the frame that rotates with the star; and (c) the equations governing the rates of change of the magnitude and the direction of the stellar rotation, the orbital period and eccentricity, based on the concept of the Laplace-Runge-Lenz vector. Our analysis leads relatively simply to a closed set of equations, valid for arbitrary inclination of the stellar spin to the orbit. The results are equivalent to classical results based on the rather less clear principle that the tidal bulge lags behind the line of centers by some time determined by the rate of dissipation. Our analysis gives the effective lag time as a function of the dissipation rate and the quadrupole moment. We discuss briefly some possible applications of the formulation.


This study investigated the relationship between superstitions and the personality traits of an individual in the city of Mumbai, Maharashtra population. 300 individuals completed two tests, one based on common superstitions found in the city and the other Big Five Personality Test. The samples were collected between the age group of 18-50 years. Out of 300 samples collected, 232 samples showed high correlation between neuroticism and the level of superstitions. This research was conducted in order to provide support to the case studies where the relation between superstitions and neuroticism was observed. It is observed that beliefs in superstitions is a byproduct of the over emotionality and irrationality inherent in neuroticism. Superstitions are also related with magic, black magic parapsychology, religious beliefs, and spirituality. In this sense the present study offers a bridge between neuroticism and the social marginality hypothesis of superstitious beliefs.


Indanyl 1- and 2-alcohols have been found to be a new entry in the list of "active alcohols" as the alcohol part of pyrethroids. Various substituted indanyl chrysanthemates were prepared and their insecticidal activity was tested on American cockroachs. These esters generally showed the substantial insecticidal activity, in which 4-alIyl-1-indanyl ester 20c was more potent than allethrin. Examination of substituents on 1-indanyl esters afforded some interesting results that methyl and allyl groups on the 4-position of the indanol nucleus were excellent and that no obvious electronic effects were observed.


A projection objective with obscurated pupil for microlithography has a first optical surface, which has a first region provided for application of useful light, and at least one second optical surface, which has a second region provided for application of useful light. A beam envelope of the useful light extends between the first region and the second region. At least one tube open on the input side and on the output side in the light propagation direction severs to screen scattered light. The at least one tube is between the first optical surface and the second optical surface. The wall of the tube is opaque in the wavelength range of the useful light. The tube extends in the propagation direction of the useful light over at least a partial length of the beam envelope and circumferentially surrounds the beam envelope.


uClinux is a kind of embedded OS designed for microcontrol field. The paper introduces the design of CAN communication card driver based on uClinux system. Describe the framework of CAN card driver and how to load the driver to the uClinux kernel. It is valuable for programeing other device's driver under uClinux.