The paper describes the use of two-integration single chip based on the principle mega16 control integrator,automatic range conversion and data acquisition circuits,high-precision conversion of the analog to digital in order to achieve the role of data collection.Using precise control of the microcontroller's analog input is proportional to the time of its conversion into a detailed analysis of theoretical calculations and the main circuit parameters set and used by LCD display.The digital voltmeter circuit is simple,the use of fewer components,low cost,high accuracy,fast,stable performance,reliable and so on.


Whole cell patch‐clamp recordings were performed in brain slices to investigate mechanisms regulating the excitability of paraventricular nucleus (PVN) neurones that project directly to the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM) (PVN–RVLM neurones) of rats. In voltage‐clamp recordings, step depolarization elicited a calcium‐dependent outward tail current that reversed near EK. The current was nearly abolished by apamin and by UCL1684, suggesting mediation by small‐conductance Ca2+‐activated K+ (SK) channels. In current‐clamp recordings, depolarizing step current injections evoked action potentials that underwent spike‐frequency adaptation (SFA). SK channel blockade with apamin or UCL1684 increased the spike frequency without changing the rate of SFA. Upon termination of step current injection, a prominent medium after‐hyperpolarization potential (mAHP) was observed. SK channel blockade abolished the mAHP and revealed an after‐depolarization potential (ADP). In response to ramp current injections, the rate of sub‐threshold depolarization was increased during SK channel blockade, indicating that depolarizing input resistance was increased. Miniature EPSC frequency, amplitude, and decay kinetics were unaltered by bath application of apamin, suggesting that SK channel blockade likely increased excitability by a postsynaptic action. We conclude that although SK channels play little role in generating SFA in PVN–RVLM neurones, their activation nevertheless does dampen excitability. The mechanism appears to involve activation of a mAHP that opposes a prominent ADP that would otherwise facilitate firing.


The call and response of roosters crowing fills the air at College Harry Brakeman School in Petit Goave, Haiti. A goat is tethered at the back of the schoolyard as boys on recess kick an empty plastic soda bottle across the concrete pad that serves as their soccer field. Acrid smells from the school's latrines compete with the aromas from the nearby outdoor kitchen where women cook over charcoal fires on days when the school can afford to provide a midday meal to students; on the days when it can't, many children go hungry. Classrooms in the Brakeman school, a concrete block facility that serves 750 students in grades K-12, are sparse and drab. In some classrooms, as many as 50 children crowd alongside long benches. Each room has a chalkboard but few textbooks. The only light comes through spaces between concrete blocks. Virtually nothing hangs on the walls--no maps, no alphabet, no pictures of the subjects being studied. The school has a lab with 18 Dell laptops, but none of the classrooms have technology tools. The Brakeman school is a sad, tangible example of Haiti's extreme poverty, where the national minimum wage is $5US per day; most Haitians live on less than $2US per day, and most can neither read nor write. But the dream of education is what keeps many families in poverty as they pay high tuition fees to enroll their children in school. This also means that education has become more of a privilege than a right in Haiti. The government funds only about 10% of the nation's schools; the rest are private and parochial schools where students must pay tuition. The Brakeman school, for example, is operated by the Methodist Church of Haiti and charges $500US per year for each student, although it often reduces tuition for the poorest families. Methodist schools in more rural areas may charge as little as $50US per student, but even that is often too much for families, said Rev. Jean Lesly Dorcely, the local Methodist minister and superintendent of the Brakeman school. "You might think that families don't have the money, but they make a good effort to do what they have to do to ensure that their children have the knowledge. They want their children to have opportunities they did not have," said Monice Wilson, principal of the secondary school at Brakeman. Because the Ministry of National Education and Vocational Training doesn't fund most of the schools in the country, the federal government has been able to exert little control over them. That may be changing, in part because of the devastating January 2010 earthquake that struck midway between the nation's capital, Port au Prince, and Petit Goave, killing more than 300,000 people. The earthquake's devastation reawakened the development community's resolve to address Haiti's many woes. The Inter American Development Bank (IDP) has emerged as a leading adviser for education. IDP, in turn, tapped Paul Vallas--architect of the Recovery School District in Louisiana--to develop the specifics of a new national education plan. The promise of education Haiti's 1987 constitution guarantees nine years of free public education, including books and other materials, to all children. But today only 20% of Haitians have any schooling beyond 6th grade, and only 1% ever attend college, either at home or abroad (Vallas, p.14). Haiti now spends a piddling 2.5% of its GDP on education. President Michel Martelly has pledged to increase spending to 25% of the national budget over five years. But that enormous leap in funding requires new revenue. To achieve that, Martelly turned to the vast Haitian diaspora. Remittances from Haitian friends and relatives already account for 20% of the nation's GDP. "There is no source of foreign income as critical to Haiti as family remittances. The funds are literally of life and death importance to Haiti's poor, who have no other means of survival" (Vallas, 2014, p. …


This research is a development research, which aims to develop a new taxonomy theoretically by integrating marâtib qirâ'ah al-Qur'an and Marzano's taxonomy. This integration produces a concept about the classification of learning objectives which more comprehensive, including the description of integration result and the indication of learning achievement in all levels of integration result. In addition, this research provides examples of its application in formulating mathematics learning objectives. The research data were obtained from the result of literature study and interviewed to the expert of Arabic and Qur'an Education. Data were analyzed as a material to formulate the draft of integration result. The drafts were discussed with the expert of Qur'an Education and the lecturer of Mathematics Education in a sustainable manner to obtain a logical and accountable result. The results shows that the integration between marâtib qirâ'ah al Qur'an and Marzano's taxonomy produces 5 new levels in the classification of learning objectives. These classifications include: 1) Retrieving knowledge (Integration of talaffuẓ and retrieval); 2) Comprehending knowledge (Integration of tafahhum and comprehension); 3) Analyzing knowledge (Integration of tadabbur and analysis); 4) Utilizing knowledge (Integration of tafakkur and knowledge utilization); and 5) System of self-control (Integration of takhassyu', metacognitive system, and self-system).


Misidentification of persons in dementia is a symptom of delusionally misidentifying familiar persons who are " obviously understandable " , in the stage where generalized cognitive impairment is not so severe. By speculating the patients ' subjective experiences from their behavior and " narrative " , the follow-ing inferences are made about the pathogenesis underlying this peculiar symptom. Misidentifications occur more frequently in DLB than in AD, which suggests that some biological factors work. The misidentification


Neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is the most common brain injury caused by asphyxy during perinatal period. Transcranial ultrasonography and Doppler can make early diagnosis and prognosis for HIE. The development of transcranial ultrasonography in HIE were reviewed in this article.


Big data technology provides new possibilities for data that could not be collected and analyzed in the past. In particular, big data mining based on learning behavior and personal preference opens a door for education reform and innovation. The traditional education method based on experience has begun to evolve to the precision education based on data. This paper mainly explores the use of education big data technology for curriculum resources construction, and then to achieve personalized learning objectives.


A mathematical corresponding relationship among a full binary tree,its sequential storage and its postorder-traversal storage are obtained by study of the node-indices of the binary tree.Based on the relationship,the algorithm is introduced that can fast convert a full binary tree and its sequential storage into its postorder-traversal storage,or vice versa.The algorithms can answer a query in constant time and perform a traversal in linear time.Being non-recursive and stack-free,having almost no branches or jumps and containing merely addition,subtraction,multiplication and bitwise operations,the algorithms are very concise and available for both conventional programming and professional developments such as systems-on-chip,embedded systems and so on.A guidance is presented for the algorithms to be used in design of mechatronic systems.


The International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) guideline "Statistical Principles for Clinical Trials" was adopted by the Committee for Proprietary Medicinal Products in March 1998, and consequently is operational in Europe. In October 1998 a one-day discussion forum was held in London by Statisticians in the Pharmaceutical Industry (PSI). The aim of the meeting was to discuss how statisticians were responding to some of the issues in the guideline, and to document consensus views where they existed. The forum was attended by industrial, academic, and regulatory statisticians. This paper outlines the questions raised, resulting discussions, and consensus views reached.


This chapter charts the development of women's writing within Colombia from independence up until the present day. Although women were writing in Colombia as early as the Colonial period, it was in the nineteenth century, with the rise to prominence of one of Colombia's most prolific writers, that women first made their mark on the national literary scene in a sustained fashion. Following on from this, the early twentieth century saw a significant number of women poets, short story writers, and writers of cronicas , followed, in the second half of the twentieth century, by the rise of the post-Boom generation and a significant number of women novelists. Toward the latter part of the century, a generation of new women writers emerged whose prose was heavily influenced by journalism, and since then and into the twenty-first century, we have seen the rise of urban, popular, and genre fiction among Colombian women writers. The nineteenth century In the nineteenth century in Colombia, as with most other Latin American countries, letters and politics were intimately entwined, with literature mostly dominated by male writers who were often at the same time statesmen and military leaders. Yet the nineteenth century also saw the emergence of published women writers, and in Colombia none was more prominent than Soledad Acosta (1833–1913). Widely recognized as Colombia's most significant woman writer in the nineteenth century, Acosta was a hugely prolific writer who turned her hand to a myriad of genres and styles, including short fiction, novels, drama, translations, essays, cronicas , and journalistic articles. Daughter of the famous national hero of the War of Independence Joaquin Acosta and wife of the prominent Liberal politician and writer Jose Maria Samper, Acosta formed part of the Liberal elites of the time, yet her works also display a growing concern for women and their roles within the nation. Among her most famous works is the novel Dolores: cuadros de la vida de una mujer (Dolores: Portraits of the Life of a Woman), published originally as a serial in the newspaper El Mensajero in 1867 and subsequently republished in the book Novelas y cuadros de la vida sur-americana (Novels and Portraits of South American Life) in 1869. In Dolores, the eponymous heroine discovers she has leprosy and as a result must cancel her marriage plans subsequently withdrawing from the world.


This article examines the situation of 2 recently arrived and disadvantaged immigrant groups in the context of 2 competing theoretical traditions: classical assimilation and recent labor market segmentation theories. Predictions of both concerning US labor market entry of foreign minorities and determinants of subsequent mobility are tested on the basis of representative surveys; most are not confirmed. The analysis supports the hypothesis of heterogeneous modes of incorporation into the labor market including substantial numbers of refugees who remain outside of it. Sizable proportions have only managed to find fringe employment in a energing informal economy in south Florida. Among Cubans employment in the ethnic enclave is associated with positive returns comparable to those of entry into the "primary" labor market. Haitians lack an enclave option and thus cluster into secondary and informal employment although most remain without work. Determinants of these various situations are examined on the basis of multivariate logistic regressions. Implications of results for immigration theory and policy are discussed. (authors)


Among the recent changes to existing Pennsylvania state education regulations was the change from Carnegie units, or time spent in the classroom, as a requirement for graduation to mastery of student learning outcomes as a requirement for graduation. Once the changes became law, school districts became responsible for designing outcomes that fit their district profiles but that were in accord with the outcomes designed by the state. Districts were grouped into three phases for implementation, with the phase-one districts required to submit strategic plans by September 30, 1994. This papcdocuments the strategic planning in process for one phase-one school district. It provides a snapshot of some of the issues based on observation and interviews with the strategic planning coordinator, two parent representatives, and external university-based planners. Political issues, a lack of comfort with the university-based planning team, overall community support, inadequacies in existing facilities, and finances are issues with which the planners must struggle. (Contains 1 reference.) (SLD) Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. * U S DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION to. e I i.. alone Resea,, acid imp/ovement , cATIflNA L RE ',F)URCE S INFORMATION CENTE R f FRC, h.x .mehl as ore, ,ecooduced as eq e 4ed 'hh mganzat,oh "x4 ' hahges a.e r ade to ,nptc...e eoi,do I.or oa.., staled h ths do< ,'Ssah. pc 'eseht PERMISS+GN 10 FIEPRODUCE THS MAILH!A; HAS BEEN GPANTLD


Following the digitization of societies, social interaction environments have increasingly extended beyond physical spaces to digital realms. Research progress in the area of digital inclusion has contributed to an understanding of how it facilitates social inclusion of older adults and contributes to their overall well-being (Bailey & Ngwenyama, 2011; Kaletka, Pelka, Diaz, Rissola, & Rastrelli, 2012; Kaplan, Sánchez, & Bradley, 2015; Smith & Chilcott, 2013) Digital inclusion benefits the young as well, with research indicating an impact on youth academic performance, employability, and social integration (Kaletka et al., 2012; Loos, 2014; ter Vrugte & de Jong, 2012).


G ~ A S / A ~ ~ G ~ ~ ~ A S heterojunction structures have been qrown by molecular beam epitaxy under a wide range of qrowth parameters. While hiqh quality GaAs layers can be grown in a substrate temperature range of approximately 550-650°C, the quality of AlxGal-xAs has been Article published online by EDP Sciences and available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/jphyscol:1982525 C5-210 JOURNAL DE PHYSIQUE found to improve as the substrate temperature is increased up to about 750°C. Y.any structures, however, require single or multiple interface heterojunctions with dimensions sufficiently small to give rise to quantum effects. In these cases a compromise in growth conditions must be made to obtain the best overall performance. Emphasis must be placed on improving interfacial properties of these structures. Using single interface modulation doped structures, the interfacial properties of binary on ternary and ternary on binary heterojunctions were studied at low electric fields and the growth conditions were optimized. The high field properties were deduced using the performance of GaAs FETs with A1 Gal-xAs buffer layers. Relax tively smooth interfaces have been obtained in a wide range of growth conditions for the ternary on binary structures. Precisely controlled growth conditions were, however, reuuired for the inverted structures. A thin layer of GaAs was observed to smooth the surface of the AlGaAs layer and its incorporation allowed growth conditions to be relaxed.


Abstract In the present study, slurry erosion wear was evaluated in 90° horizontal pipe bends of various radius ratios (R/r = 2–10) through a commercial CFD code ANSYS FLUENT. For the suspension of fly ash-water, Euler–Lagrange and two way-coupling methods were employed to predict the slurry erosion wear. The flow through the horizontal bend pipe was simulated using a Standard k–ε turbulence modelling. The computational results were validated with the experimental result of the available literature. Fly ash was taken as the dispersed phase of the solid-liquid combination however water was used as the liquid phase. The fly ash particles size was taken as 150 µm. Various affecting factors, such as velocity (4–10 m/s) and solid concentration (2.5 and 7.5% by volume) of the fly ash, were also studied in this investigation. The erosion rate was maximum in the case of R/r = 4 and minimum for R/r = 10 at all velocities and concentrations. It was also found that the erosion rate increases with the increase in solid concentration and velocity.


Basic results of investigative and international activity of the department of chemistry in 2003–2013 are examined in the article. Main results of interaction of the department with industrial enterprises, scientific-research and educative institutions of Russia, former Soviet states and rest of the world are revealed.


The COVID-19 crisis and the effect of measures taken to reduce its impact on health systems have had major repercussions on food security. These repercussions have raised the alarm about the prospects of a global food crisis. To find shortand medium-term solutions we need to consider what triggered the alarm; and to analyze the repercussions of measures taken to contain COVID-19. An analysis is needed at local, national and regional levels and also by function. Key areas impacted by the COVID-19 crisis and the dedicated response include various sub-sectors of the agricultural sector; agricultural value chains; food and farming, systems. The impact of the COVID-19 crisis on agricultural prices is complex, and generally associated with speculation. The impact is strong in the agricultural trade, whether focused on supplying urban markets or oriented towards exports. The result is a steep decline in farmers' revenues. In the rural economy, restrictions on mobility are the main reason for the negative repercussions of the COVID-19 crisis. These restrictions hinder transport of agricultural products to key trading and commercial hubs; the supply of and access to agricultural inputs; seasonal "transhumances". All these challenges leave rural populations more vulnerable to attack from other hostile forces, such as the COVID-19 crisis. Their capacity to be resilient is likely to be already weakened.


A one-pack moisture curable epoxy resin composition which comprises a ketimine compound represented by a chemical formula (2) which is synthesized from a carbonyl compound represented by a chemical formula (1) in which two same or different alkyl groups each having 2 to 6 carbon atoms are bonded to a carbonyl group and an amine compound having at least one primary amino group in a molecule, and an epoxy resin, and which has excellent curing properties and good storage stability: wherein R1 is an alkyl group having 2 to 6 carbon atoms, and R2 is an alkyl group having 2 to 6 carbon atoms, wherein R3 is an organic group, R4 is an alkyl group having 2 to 6 carbon atoms, R5 is an alkyl group having 2 to 6 carbon atoms, and n is an integer of 1 or more.


The present invention provides a kind of relieving inflammation of the throat efficacy of probiotic food composition and food. The composition comprises Lactobacillus salivarius (Lactobacillus salivarius subsp.salicinius) and Bifidobacterium animalis (Bifidobacterium animalis subsp.lactis); Preferably the Lactobacillus salivarius is Lactobacillus salivarius Accession number CCTCC No.M2011127 of the animal Bifidobacterium is Bifidobacterium number of animal preservation of CGMCC No.5470. The composition may also include xylo and / or xylitol. Probiotic food compositions of the invention may be added in various health foods and health foods such as fermented milk, milk tablets, etc., it can be used to effectively alleviate the inflammation of the throat, especially chronic pharyngitis.


&NA; Evidence suggests a complex relationship between substance misuse, mental health, and violence in forensic populations, however, the majority of existing research and interventions focus on these factors individually. This paper reports an evaluation of the first module of an integrated poly‐substance misuse group delivered within a medium secure mental health hospital, which was designed to address these factors collectively. Qualitative and quantitative approaches were used to assess participant's subjective views of the program and to gather pre and post quantitative measurement of change. The concordance between self report and observer reports was explored. Recommendations for the development of the treatment and for further evaluation and research are discussed.


In this article we propose to look at the use of authentic materials in terms of learning rather than teaching. The shift in practice at the CRAPEL centre for applied language research since the early 1970s concerning the use of authentic materials can serve to illustrate this change in the way we consider the relation between learners and authentic materials. The history of the use of authentic materials is characterised by an evolution towards total responsibility by learners for both the choice of materials and the type of use they put them to (accompanied by a shift in meaning whereby authenticity comes to apply more to what the learner does than to the origin of materials). The strategy of using exercises ready-prepared by teachers, whilst still in existence, can be brought into question, at least in part, according to the types of learner and the technological possibilities available, including Internet. We consider that the use of authentic materials can lead to the development not only of linguistic but also methodological autonomisation in learning.


This paper studies the problem of H<inf>∞</inf> filter design for fuzzy systems. By constructing a new type of fuzzy H<inf>∞</inf> filter, a novel H<inf>∞</inf> design approach is developed. The approach is facilitated by introducing some slack matrix variables. These matrix variables decouple the Lyapunov matrix and the system matrices, which makes the H<inf>∞</inf> design feasible. The proposed approach leads to a sufficient condition in the form of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). A numerical example is given to illustrate our method.


Indian economy is a rural economy. Rural economy plays an important role in providing employment to many. Rural economy is the major source of national income in India. Inspite of its significant role it has been neglected continuously by the planners, economists and the like. As result the magnitude of poverty, illiteracy and ill health is of higher order in the rural areas as compared to the urban areas. Majority of the rural folk in the rural economy consist of agricultural producers, tenant cultivators, and landless land less labour. They are not able to meet their day- to-day requirements from their own sources of income. To bring about the overall development in the rural areas government had thought of providing adequate financial assistance by means of establishing new type of financial institutions in the rural areas. With this aim in view the government of India appointed a commission known as banking commission. The Commission has made a recommendation to start the Regional Rural Banks. The Regional rural Bank came into existence with an ordinance in 1975 and subsequently the ordinance was replaced by the Regional Rural Banks Act of 1976. The RRBs grant loans to small and marginal farmers, agricultural labourers, rural artisans small entrepreneurs. Year-wise progress of RRBs in India has been impressive in terms of total number of branches. Number of districts covered though the number of banks has been gradually decreased. The loans and advances, deposits, credit deposit ratios of RRBs has also increased significantly over the said period. The growth in the quantum of profit of RRBs has been showing a declining trend in certain years of the ten year period. The growth in the investment of RRBs has also increased substantially. The NPAs position in the RRBs over a period of ten years is not satisfactory. The number of branches which have incurred loss has gradually decreased. The quantum of loss has also decreased gradually over the ten year period. The effort made by RRBs in mobilizing the funds from own funds and borrowed funds is appreciable. The growth in the deposits and investments of RRBs in absolute terms is much impressive. Whereas investment deposit ratio has declined continuously except in one or two years. The region-wise working results of RRBs in India reveals that the RRBs are unequally distributed. The performance of RRBs in certain regions is satisfactory whereas in other regions it is not satisfactory.


In hospital drugs are often given in intravenous infusions, and some of the problems involved are insufficiently recognised. A drug may be unstable in solution in the infusion fluid and lose activity rapidly, or it may be incompatible with the infusion fluid or with another drug added to it.


Beamforming for satellite-borne communications systems has attracted intensive attention in the past decade as it enables frequency reuse among the areas covered by different beams, and hence greatly improves bandwidth efficiency. This paper considers carrier frequency offset estimation for DSSS signals in the wired test of beamforming networks. A two-stage frequency offset estimation algorithm is proposed and implemented, whose resource consumption is far less than the traditional frequency offset estimation methods based on the use of FFT. The first stage is to employ FFT to achieve a frequency offset coarse estimation. After compensating the coarse estimation value, the system carries out the second stage, which uses phase calculating to estimate the residual frequency offset accurately. So far, the two-stage frequency offset estimation algorithm has been applied in project successfully, where practical test results have well demonstrated its practicability and accuracy.


presents the parallelization of the software package SHYFEM using distributed memory approach. In particular, optimized libraries were used to solve the free surface equation and to partitioning the computational grid. Parallel approach is in details and performance is carried on results.


Abstract : For this postdoctoral fellowship the specific role of selenoproteins in prostate carcinogenesis is being investigated using a cell culture model system. First, the biological consequence of varying allelic identities in the selenoprotein glutathione peroxidase (GPx-1) in response to selenium (Se) supplementation was determined. GPx-1 has either a leucine (leu) or proline (pro) amino acid at the 198 codon, and cancer risk has been shown to vary depending on the allelic identity. Our investigation showed that the prostate cell line LNCaP containing the amino acid leu at the 198 codon was more responsive to Se supplementation although its baseline GPx activity was lower compared to cells with a pro at the same codon. These studies have increased our understanding of the effect of genetic variations in GPx-1 on the response to dietary Se and would be relevant to the findings from the SELECT trial on the observed effects of Se supplementation. The second objective was to investigate the effect of reduced levels of selenoproteins on DNA damage and cell proliferation. Significant progress has been made in reducing GPx-1 levels in prostate cell lines using the siRNA technique. Efforts are now in progress to investigate the biological consequence of these reduced levels. It is being investigated whether reduced GPx-1 levels increase DNA damage caused due to UVC treatment and whether this effect is attenuated if Se is supplemented in the medium prior to UV treatment. Collectively, these studies will help determine whether selenium effects in prostate carcinogenesis are mediated through selenoproteins. Understanding the mechanism of action would help maximize benefits of Se as a chemopreventive agent.


In recent years, awareness of social and environmental issues has been on the rise. As a result, the demand for sustainability data has grown exponentially. This has driven the Banco de España's Statistics Department to develop a micro-database for sustainability indicators (ESG). This document presents two papers which analyse the process developed to gather this information and the numerous limitations and difficulties found along the way when dealing with sustainability microdata. Specifically, the two topics covered by these papers are: 1


The Billionaire Game involves students in discussing time preference, or what Fisher (1930) calls human impatience. The game can facilitate the introduction of the material on present value and discounting or discussions on such issues as investment in human capital and the intertemporal consumption-saving decision. Thus, the game can facilitate discussions in a number of economics courses.


Abstract A new kinetic model for thermal poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) dehydrochlorination on the basis of Lottka's scheme has been developed. Its use allows us to reveal three kinetic transmission regimes to a stationary state. The model is expanded to account for the influence of the hydrogen chloride diffusion on the PVC dehydrochlorination kinetics. A calculation method for a quantitative estimation of this influence when the PVC macromolecular defect concentration is changed with time has also been developed. The model is general enough to analyze the tremendous variety of experimental information about PVC dehydrochlorination kinetics and to regulate PVC aging and stabilization.


The vortex formed by discharging water from the bottom in a tub is numerically simulated. The ke turbulence model and volume of fluid (VOF) method are applied. It is concluded that the vertex is induced by weak swirl velocity due to the deviation of tub shape and the roughness of flow passage. Vortex in a tub is very similar to the Rankine's vortex and possesses three characteristic regions:hole for exhaust, hole for inspiration and air lift region.


Business capital is a resource that decide the existence and development of an enterprise. Using the business capital suitably will help the enterprise maintain production regularly in order to make a profit and preserve capital. The article introduced the state of using business capital in Mong Duong Coal Joint Stock Company - Vinacomin (2017-2019). From realistic vision, some methods are proposed to improve the effectiveness of using the business capital in Mong Duong company next time.


Tissue recombination is a powerful method to evaluate the paracrine‐signaling events that orchestrate the development of organs using the in vivo environment of a host rodent. Studies have reported the successful generation of primary cultures of rodent bladder urothelium, but none have reported their use to recapitulate bladder tissue with tissue recombination. We propose that primary cultured bladder urothelium, when recombined with inductive embryonic bladder mesenchyme, will form bladder tissue in a recombination model. Adult rat bladders were isolated and urothelium obtained. Sheets of bladder urothelium were re‐suspended in collagen and maintained in tissue culture. After expansion (>20 passages), the urothelium was recombined with embryonic day‐14 mouse bladder mesenchyme, then grafted beneath the renal capsule of immunocompromised mouse hosts. Grafts were harvested after 28 days. Control grafts were performed with bladder mesenchyme alone, cultured bladder urothelium alone, and collagen matrix alone. Final tissues were evaluated with staining and immunohistochemistry (H&E, Gomori's trichrome, broad‐spectrum uroplakin, and smooth muscle actin α and γ). Immunocytochemistry on cultured urothelium for broad‐spectrum keratin, vimentin, and broad‐spectrum uroplakin confirmed pure populations, void of mesenchymal contaminants. Staining of recombinant grafts demonstrated bladder tissue with mature urothelium and stromal differentiation. Control tissues were void of bladder tissue formation. We have successfully demonstrated that a chimeric bladder is formed from primary cultured bladder urothelium recombined with embryonic bladder mesenchyme. This is a powerful new tool for investigating the molecular mechanisms of bladder development and disease. Future applications may include the in vitro genetic manipulation of urothelium and examining those effects on growth and development in an in vivo environment. Developmental Dynamics 235:2795–2801, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


THE EXTRATEMPORAL portion of the facial nerve has not received the attention it deserves from the average otologist. This phase of neuroanatomy has been left, for the most part, to the plastic surgeon, the neurosurgeon, and even the general surgeon.* Actually, is not the well-trained otologist as well equipped with the entire course of the facial nerve, both within the temporal bone and in the soft tissues of the face and neck ? Perhaps there is a reason for the increasing tendency of late to delegate more and more of the field of otolaryngology to the head and neck surgeon, and plastic surgeon, and the neurosurgeon. Certainly some of this undoubtedly stems from the fear of injury to the facial nerve. This paper will attempt to show the role a well-trained and interested otolaryngologist may play with lesions in and about the extratemporal portion of the facial nerve. The reader has


The invention relates to a thermal control device (1) of the cabin air and of components of a vehicle propelled by an electric motor, comprising: - a first circuit (100) for circulating a first heat transfer fluid which passes through the first (10), second (20) and third (30) heat exchangers, - a second circuit (200) for circulating a second heat transfer fluid that passes through a fourth heat exchanger (40) and the second and third heat exchangers, and that includes a thermal energy storage means (253). According to the invention, said thermal energy storage means is a range extender of the motor vehicle adapted to be rendered and / or to produce thermal energy.


The Robert Wood Collection of Music Hall, Cinema and Circus Posters is one of the largest collections in Tyne & Wear Archives. Held at Blandford House in Newcastle upon Tyne, it comprises roughly 9500 proof copies of posters, programmes, daybills, handbills etc. produced by the Hartlepool-based printing companies of John Procter and F.W. Mason between c. 1834 and c. 1920. As the items are proof copies, they often have handwritten corrections to the text and/or layout, and most items also have a number on the back indicating how many of the corrected copies were to be printed. The Collection, pertaining almost entirely to popular entertainments, represents a fragment of the companies' output: a much larger collection of ephemera relating to other topics (along with the business archives of the printing companies), is held by Hartlepool Museums Service. The Collection has moved home several times; some items have been lost to damage from poor storage conditions, some have been mislaid, and the Collection is only partly catalogued; but while working with it is consequently laborious, it is, to the best of my knowledge, the largest collection in the UK of popular entertainment ephemera relating to a single town, and so constitutes a valuable repository of data on the exhibition of visual culture during the nineteenth and early-twentieth centuries. It has been the subject of only one detailed examination so far: the original owner Robert Wood's 1967 book Victorian Delights. The following selection from the Collection is presented as an example of evidence about three phenomena during the period of the initial institutionalisation of cinema in the UK: (1) the use of local films, (2) the venues' use of brands offered to them by the production companies, and (3) the historical variation in the ratio of films to live acts. I have studied these phenomena as part of a digital engagement project called 'Making the Archives Public', run by Newcastle University in early 2015. This project explored the way that archival material can become part of a digital narrative, while seeking to iterate the importance of local archives, both for the benefit of local and regional cultural identity and for the purposes of expanding the resources available to scholarly research. My findings from this project are foundational of the AHRC-funded PhD that I will start at Newcastle University in October 2015. Preliminary observations about these items indicate that:


Abstract The effectiveness of celebrity influencers on consumers' responses in social media ads is under-explored yet critical for marketers to practice better communication strategies to young Instagram users. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to examine how young Instagram users (e.g., generation Z and millennials) establish consumer-brand relationships (i.e., parasocial interaction, related closeness) through perceived values toward an Instagram ad (i.e., similarity/likability, perceived interactivity, exposure/openness), especially between familiar versus unfamiliar models. Through the lens of Parasocial Interaction Theory, relationship strength is differentiated depending on types of content, thus this study scrutinizes the effects of the relationship between consumers and familiarity of models on positive relationship building and the variables associated with and influence that relationship. An online survey of 274 Instagram users was conducted via Amazon Mturk. Data analyses were conducted, using SPSS 25.0 and a multigroup structural equation modeling was utilized, using AMOS 22.0, to test the suggested relationships. The study findings provide insights to marketers on how to practice better social media marketing strategies by collaborating with influencers/celebrities and exhibit effective and relevant marketing campaigns to targeted audiences. Our study results confirmed likeability as one of the strongest predictors for parasocial interaction which is in line with the findings from previous studies regarding Parasocial Interaction Theory. Though openness was addressed and confirmed as one of critical factors that lead consumers' PSI, our finding demonstrates that importance of openness matters for only familiar models. Future research is explored.


To further strengthen and improve the public cultural service system is an important measure in building Jiangsu into a cultural province.Since "the Eleventh Five-Year-Plan" was proposed,Jiangsu Provincial public cultural service network has preliminarily taken its shape,the service style has been continuously innovated,and long-term mechanism of the cultural construction in rural areas has been constantly strengthened.But compared with Shanghai,Zhejiang Province and Guangdong Province,there exists a big gap,which is mainly embodied in the following respects: small number of public cultural facilities,inadequate investment in public finance,not enough innovation and lagged legal system.Some practical measures should be taken to strengthen the above mentioned problems.Besides,to build the public cultural service system,social strength should be encouraged,a scientific assessment mechanism should be established and a team of service staff should be set up.


【Objective】 To investigate the relation between the change′s of TERT and length of telomere with pathogenesis of T1DM through analysis of the change of Ins level and expression of TERT and telomere length of T1DM. 【Method】 T1DM rat group and control one was 48 respectively, they were determined separately Ins and separate pancreatic island β-cell, and were detected the expression of pancreatic island β-cell TERT through ISH, telomere length through southern blot, then we contracted the results of two groups′. 【Results】The Ins level of T1DM group is lower than control one (P 0.01) significantly, expression of TERT of pancreatic island β-cell of T1DM group is significant higher than control one (P 0.01), but telomere length of T1DM group is significant lower than control one (P 0.05). T1DM group shows high negative correlation between declination of Ins level and strengthen of expression of TERT activity (r =0.9238,P 0.01).【Conclusion】The declination of Ins level of T1DM shows directly bound up with the strengthen of TERT activity and reduction of pancreatic island β-cell telomere. The article pointed out that the strengthen of TERT activity may inhibit the Ins secretion of pancreatic island β-cell. As index, the expression of TERT activity and declination of telomere can indicate the disease process of T1DM.


【Objective】 To analyse the risk of amblyopia among 0~2 years old premature infants by Suresight screening.【Method】 Refraction was measured by Suresight screening at corrected age of 6 months,9 months,12 months,18 months and 24 months old in 264 preterm infants without retinopathy between December 2009 to December 2010.50 full term infants age-matched were also included in the study as control groups.We analysed the risk of amblyopia in preterm infants with the high-risk and suspicious criterion established by suresight screening in our pre-study.【Results】 Higher incidence of moderate and high-dgree hyperopia、moderate and high-dgree astigmatism、anisometropia were found on preterm infants than in age-matched full term infants.Also higher incidence of high-risk and suspicious children of amblyopia were found on preterm infants,especially at 6 months aged.【Conclusions】 The risk of amblyopia is higher in premature infants.It suggests that vision screening should be performed at the age of 6 months old in preterm infants and vision monitoring should be given in their childhood,which will help to correct refractive error early and decrease the rate of amblyopia.


Purpose: To investigate the protective effect of miR-574-5p pretreatment against acute lung injury (ALI) induced by sepsis.Methods: A male C57BL/6 mouse model of sepsis-induced ALI was established by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) and treated with miR-574-5p agomir (intravenous injection, 80 mg/kg per day, 3 days). After that, blood and lung samples were obtained for histopathological observation. Myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, inflammatory cell infiltration, and cytokine expression were analyzed. The target gene of miR-574-5p was predicted using TargetScan prediction, and verified by luciferase assay and western blot.Results: In sepsis-induced ALI mice model, downregulation of miR-574-5p was observed. Pretreatment of miR-574-5p significantly alleviated ALI by suppressing histological damage, and reducing MPO activity and inflammatory cell infiltration, as well as decreasing cytokine expression. The  underlying mechanism was that miR-574-5p targeted TNF receptor associated factor 6 (TRAF6) and suppressed the downstream NF-κB pathway. Moreover, TRAF6 overexpression reversed the effects of miR-574-5p on ALI.Conclusion: MiR-574-5p pretreatment suppresses inflammatory responses, thus reducing lung injury induced by sepsis in mice, partly via the regulation of TRAF6 and NF-κB pathway. Therefore, this approach can potentially be used for the clinical management of ALI in humans
Keywords: Sepsis, Acute lung injury, MiR-574-5p, TRAF6, NF-κB pathway


This paper describes a software tool for simulating and generating fully parallel generic VHDL representations of Fast Fourier Transforms. A comparison between parallel-parallel and serial-parallel butterflies is performed with emphasis on maximizing speed and/or minimizing FPGA area. Comparisons of the software tool to other VHDL/Verilog generators, namely CoreGen and SPIRAL, are also explored.


Colored Petri Net(CPN) approach is powerful for modeling and analysis of command and control (C2) problems through synchronous and asynchronous processing activities and properly encapsulates hierarchical behavior. We give an informal introduction to the basic concepts and ideas of CPN. A CPN implementation of a aerial defense model being used for representing the real-time aspects and behavior of critical system components is presented. Using CPN Tool to emulate and analyze the mode1, the relationship between command and control system delay and the air-threat intensities is analyzed through the simulation results.


This study aims to examine the influence of compensation and perception mutations outside Java with motivation to work with the subject as much as 100 soldiers Navy cadet who was penjalankan education in puslatdiksarmil Kobangdikal. This study use two independent variables (X), namely Compensation (X1) and perception mutations out of Java (X2). While the dependent variable (Y) is the work motivation. Based on regression analysis found the value of F regression = 16 201 with p = 0.000 (p <0.01), R squared of 0.250, meaning there was a significant relationship between compensation and perception mutations with Navy personnel Work Motivation, Compensation and perception mutations together -Same can be used as predictors of motivation to work, these two variables contribute effectively amounted to 25.04%. The value of r (correlation Partial) = 0.377, t = 4,004, with Sig / p = 0.000 (p <0.05), showed no correlation with the Compensation work motivation. Also found value of r (correlation Partial) = 0.292, t = 3,005, with Sig / p = 0.003 (p <0.05), suggesting perceptions of mutation also correlated significantly with the motivation to work, so the perception of single mutation can also be a predictor ride -turunnya work motivation Navy personnel Keywords : compensation, mutations perception, working motivation


Wenchuan earthquake damage heavily the civic building. The paper analyzes the building structure and damage cause,and puts forward the design important for the anti-knock structure of the building in country.


Summary Macronutrients and additives have been used to suppress orpromote livestock intake of upland tannin-containing browsespecies, but to our knowledge this technique has not beenapplied to sheep that feed on tannin-rich species in riparianareas. The objective of this study was to determine the effect offour supplement regimes on coyote willow ( Salix exigua ) intakeby sheep during the dormant and growing seasons. TwelveWestern White Face lambs (48 kg ± 4.5 kg) were placed inindividual pens and assigned to one of four treatments whichconsisted of a basal diet of sudangrass and supplements pre-dicted to either suppress (whole corn or quebracho tannin) orpromote (cottonseed meal or polyethylene glycol, PEG) willowintake. Each of the four supplements was tested with dormantand growing willow in a Latin rectangle design with three peri-ods and six lambs per group. Basal diet (sudangrass) intake wasnot affected by either promoter nor suppressor treatments ineither season. Cottonseed meal effectively promoted intake ofwillow compared to the control and PEG treatments (


Survival of bacteria in acidic environments is critical for pathogens to successfully multiply and infect the gastrointestinal tract. In this study, a metabolomics approach was conducted to understand and explain the effect of pH-induced stress metabolites in Yersinia enterocolitica . Cells were cultured in tryptic soy broth with or without pH adjustment using HCl (pH 6.8 or pH 3, respectively). In this study, we employed untargeted proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) spectroscopy followed by statistical multivariate analysis was used to identify the metabolites and measure the metabolic profiles and pathways impacted by acid stress. Under conditions of low pH, increased branched-chain amino acid biosynthesis and protein acetylation were predominantly observed. There was also evidence of osmotic dysregulation during acid challenge. Modulation of these systems might confer bacteria with resistance to stressors encountered during infection of organisms or food contamination. The study presented here with other related researches may help to explain further, how pathogenic bacteria survive and tolerate the environmental stresses. Metabolomic Responses of Yersinia Enterocolitica Under Acid Stress.


DR.Ahmed Methab Athab Al Missary Abstract Objective: to assess echocardiographic structural&functional changes in non rheumatic AF Patients And Methods: 200 Patients were divided into 3 groups: Group A: Patients with AF,Group B: Patients have one or more of risk factors (hypertension, IHD, DM, HF, old age) without AF,Group C: normal healthy individuals. A full medical history and complete physical examination and the following investigation were arranged: FBS, RBS, ECG, CXR and echocardiograph. Result :The study show there is a significance increase in LAD ,LVEDS ,LVEDD and decrease in fractional shortening in group A &B And group A greater than group B and both groups greater than group C. Conclusion: Subjects with increase LA size, LVEDS, LVEDD and decrease in fractional shortening were at a significance increase risk for development of AF. This study clarifies the role of cardiac structural& functional characteristics' in relation to susceptibility to AF .so the best method for reducing the adverse complication of AF through prevention of development of AF. College of Medicine Diyala University, Diyala, Iraq.


In connection with the requirements of the European Convention for the Protection of Vertebrate Animals became necessary to find new methods of anesthesia. Considering the needs of experimental work with rats, the main criteria are the anesthesia – sufficient depth and duration of anesthesia, good tolerability and minimal impact on the course of study at biomodel processes. The aim of our work summarizing application zoletilxylazine anesthesia during operations in the cranial cavity in laboratory rats. During our work, we came to the conclusion that, zoletilxylazine anesthesia premedication with atropine is the method of choice for major surgery on the brain in an experiment in laboratory rats, since it allows to provide the necessary depth and duration of anesthesia, has a wide therapeutic range, does not require any special equipment to use, has a convenient route of administration, has minimal effect on the course of experimental pathology.


One of the simpler organic/inorganic hybrids to prepare by the sol-gel process is polyethylene (PEO)/silica. The reason for its simplicity is that PEO is soluble in water. PEO contains ether oxygens -(O-CH2-CH2-)- that readily form hydrogen bonds. The refractive index of PEO is low, 1.4537, and its glass transition temperature can be as low as minus 65 degrees Celsius, generally making it a crystalline polymer at room temperature. Hybrids of PEO/silica were prepared with molecular weights 200, 1000, 2000, and 3400. The lower molecular weights (200 and 1000) produced transparent hybrids over a range of loadings. The higher molecular weights (greater than 2000) produced samples that were sensitive to the loading and especially the time of mixing before the samples were cast into closed containers. These trends indicate a competition between the reactions that lead to gelling and the tendency to phase separate. By following these trends, both the scale of the microstructure and the degree of transparency was adjusted.


We analyzed the data of 53 patients with metastatic gastric cancer in ovaries treated in the N.N. Blokhin Russian Cancer Research Center in 2009–2014. These patients are the main group. The control group consisted of 55 patients stage III–IV locally advanced gastric cancer without metastases in the ovaries treated with surgical and combined treatment in the period from 2009 to 2014. The main group and control group were matched by major demographic and clinical characteristics. It was found that gastric cancer patients stage III–IV are prognostically unfavorable group. More than half of patients (51 %) with disseminated cancer of the stomach simultaneously diagnosed metastatic ovarian failure. When studying the remote indicators, it is evident that the presence of metastases in the ovaries is significant unfavorable prognostic factor of 2 years overall survival of postmenopausal patients over 50 years old who received only surgical treatment. However, carrying out combined treatment of patients with metastases to the ovary, without significant impairment in the first year of observation, significantly increases the 3–5-year survival (68 %).


As such, they should not be subjected to government regulation. The scrutiny of their behaviour is a matter for their members and the electorate should only assess the parties' public performance. However, and more recently, the parties have developed into professional machines with head offices and organisers, and they receive funds from the taxpayer and from sources other than their members. In these regards, the parties have a degree of freedom from the membership by way of professional advice and non-member sources of funds. Furthermore, the parties' status has changed to the point where their history ideological, a large membership presence in the electorate and self-supporting belies their current role. The present parties are brand names with a nominal membership presence in the electorate, where the market for political activism has shifted to interest groups and where they are heavily supported by the state. For example, Gary Gray (1997), the former national Secretary of the Australian Labor Party, estimates a third of all funds available to the ALP comes from taxpayers. The new status of registered political parties is semi-public. Ideally, then, they should be beholden to the public, both electorally and in a more direct proprietorial way, as well as to their membership. The issue is to decide the regulatory mix that would preserve free political association and satisfy the taxpayer's investment.


This study is concerned with the pharmacokinetics of salicylate elimination in man, with special reference to the possible effect of absorption rate and the effect of normal variations in urinary pH. Data are presented concerning the quantitative composition of salicylate metabolites in the urine and the rate constants for the major salicylate elimination processes. Apparent volumes of distribution are reported, and their possible relation to individual serum protein profiles and salicylate elimination kinetics are discussed.


ABSTRACT Generally, this event is called an Extraordinary Event (KLB) and can cause an outbreak that attacks the wider community in a short time caused by infectious diseases. On the other hand, the impact of the development of science and technology today has led to new discoveries of infectious diseases that are increasing and difficult to treat, for example, Corona Virus Diseases 2019 or COVID-19 as it is today. The head of the Indonesian National Police (Kapolri) General Idham Azis said his party had dispersed thousands of crowds on the grounds of preventing the spread of the corona virus (Covid-19). The dissolution was carried out since the publication of the Indonesian Police Chief's Declaration on March 19, 2020. The mass dissolution was also accompanied by an education program for the public. The National Police used several rules as a basis for dissolution. First is Article 14 paragraph (1) and paragraph (2) of Law Number 4 of 1984 concerning Infectious Disease, Article 93 of Law Number 6 of 2018 concerning Health Quarantine, and Articles 212, 214, 216, and 217 of the Criminal Code. Based on the background described above, the authors formulated the problem as follows: 1). What is the legal aspect of the order to disperse by the government to the crowd to avoid the 2019 Corona Diseases Virus Outbreak Under Article 218 of the Criminal Code? 2). What is the role of the Indonesian National Police in the order to disperse by the authorities to the masses to avoid the 2019 Corona Diseases Virus Outbreak Under Article 218 of the Criminal Code? So it can be concluded: 1). To anticipate and deal with the impact of COVID-19 transmission, the Regional Head established the Regional COVID-19 Task Force for Acceleration Handling based on the considerations and recommendations of the Chairperson of the Implementing Task Force for the Handling of the COVID-19 Handling in accordance with the Presidential Decree regarding the Task Force for the Acceleration of COVID-19 Handling. 2). The role of the Community Police in handling the Covid-19 outbreak with the implementation of Large-Scale Social 2 Restrictions (PSBB) focuses on law enforcement with non-penal means spearheaded by Bhabinkamtibmas in collaboration with community leaders. Progressive steps taken by the Indonesian National Police include the assignment of Bhabinkamtibmas in each village / kelurahan. The form of optimizing non-legal channels in the sense of finding a meeting point in deliberation and consensus efforts that includes all criteria in consensus in the peace process outside the judiciary by means of mediation or deliberation in achieving a fairness expected by the parties involved in handling the Covid-19 outbreak to find the best solution that is agreed and agreed by the parties. Keywords: Covid-19 Handling, Dispersal, Mass Crowds


"Two exempt and one subsidy" policy is to help students of compulsory school in rural compulsory area to finish their education.This policy was carried out since 2007,till 2009,poor families which have compulsory students have enjoyed "Two exemptions and one subsidy" policy.Goverment has paid great attention to Guangxi,one of the west provinces of China.This reserch is about "Two exempt and one subsidy" policy of Nanpin City,Guangxi Province.Details are as follows.


In this work, we study coded placement in caching systems where the users have unequal cache sizes and demonstrate its performance advantage. In particular, we propose a caching scheme with coded placement for three-user systems that outperforms the best caching scheme with uncoded placement. In our proposed scheme, users cache both uncoded and coded pieces of the files, and the coded pieces at the users with large memories are decoded using the unicast/multicast signals intended to serve users with smaller memories. Furthermore, we extend the proposed scheme to larger systems and show the reduction in delivery load with coded placement compared to uncoded placement.


A 915 MHz GaN HEMT-based class-E rectifier is proposed in this paper to be used for DC+AC wireless power recovery. Taking advantage of the time reversal (TR) duality principle, the rectifier was derived from a class-E inverter, whose output network was designed for high-efficiency operation over a wide range of resistive loads. The addition of an appropriate gateside termination allows the device to be turned-on without an additional RF source for gate driving. The rectifier reduced sensitivity to load variation, as well as its capability for efficiently and linearly recovering the envelope of an AM RF excitation, were then characterized. An average efficiency of 82% has been measured for the combined RF-to-DC and RF-to-AC power conversion of a 1.6 W modulated carrier. Frequency multiplexing and frequency modulation alternatives for high-level DC+AC wireless power transmission are finally presented.


Through the study on soil condition and cause of formation etc. of gully in Yuanmou hot-dry valley, the gully was separated into three hierarchies according to both vertical and drainage direction. Forest and grass were configured based on characteristic of every hierarchy, with carefully considering biological speciality and ecological speciality of species. We should pay attention to unification of the ecology, economy and society benefit on the course of vegetation restoration in order to achieve good effect.


Changes in the respiratory rate and activities of cytochrome c oxidase, ascorbic acid oxidase, peroxidase and catalase of leaf blade as affected by the occurrence of the disease were examined using the rice plants cultured by pot experiment method with and without potassium supply, employing the actual paddy field soil on which the disease habitually occurs. Want of potassium caused the disease on lower leaves. Respiratory rate especially that of lower leaf was promoted by the occurrence of the disease and peroxidase and catalase activities were also promoted, but the activities of cytochrome c oxidase and ascorbic acid oxidase declined. These facts indicate that flavin enzymes act as terminal oxidase accompanying with production of H2O2, in place of metalic enzymes such as cytochrome c oxidase and ascorbic acid oxidase. When the ratio of QO2CO2/(QN2CO2) is near to 1 the Pasteur effect exists, and it is said that in such a case thereaction of oxidative phosphorylation might likely be active whereas the increase of this value indicates the decrease of this effect and so the oxidative phosphorylation is supposed to decline. The value QO2CO2/(QN2CO2) of the lower leaf suffered by the disease was as high as two. From these results the promoted respiratory rate due to the occurrence of the disease seems to be accompanied with conversion of terminal oxidase and is supposed to be less efficient for oxidative phosphorylation, on which the further study will be focused.


Objective: To assess the clinical and neurophysiologic dissociation often observed in clinical practice, and to improve patient evaluation for diagnosis of carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS). Methods: The Italian CTS Study Group studied 1,123 idiopathic CTS hands with multiple measurements—clinical, neurophysiologic, and patient-oriented—of CTS. Results: Clinical and neurophysiologic relationships were very strong when the clinical picture was evaluated by the hand functional measurements, with an exponential increase in functional impairment as the classification of neurophysiologic severity progressed. Conversely, symptoms and pain did not increase as the classification of neurophysiologic severity progressed: 1) A large part of the CTS population complained of severe symptoms, although minimal functional impairment and minimal or no electrophysiologic abnormalities were observed; and 2) symptoms improved in the patients with more severe neurophysiologic and clinical examination scenarios. Conclusions: Multiperspective and multimeasurement assessment, even when using a validated patient-oriented tool, provided interesting information that confirmed and clarified the clinical neurophysiologic dissociation often observed in carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) patients. Furthermore, CTS appeared to be an ideal model for evaluating the importance of patient-oriented measurement.


Short term holidays organized in urban environment, at weekends are known as "City Breaks". These products are developed quite recently - at the beginning of XX st century. Their appearance came as answer to population's mobility increase. It happened everywhere in the world, mostly in well-developed countries. Important factors which influenced the contemporary development of city breaks are: sharp improvement of transport infrastructure in Europe as a whole, as well as the changing demand oriented towards shorter travel holidays. The development of this product is giving the opportunity for diversification of the tourist supply. It puts an accent on cultural heritage which is concentrated in cities and places for entertainment. Highest popularity "City breaks" have among young single tourists and seniors from the age group 55+. These are one of the most solvent population groups. People are well educated. They have higher demands towards cultural experience and entertainment. At last they have enough free time. The main purpose of the article is to examine the possibilities of Sofia and Skopje to develop of this tourist product as well individually as in combined tourist packages. Their advantages are defined from their proximity on culture and language and from their common history in certain periods of time. Their function as capital cities and the small distance between them are additional conditions for possible combined supply of "City Breaks".


In robotics, the navigation problem can be split in planning, execution, checking and correction. An approach to deal with these tasks is based on the Multi-Layer Control scheme (MLCS). In this technique, each layer is responsible for an individual step of the formation control problem, such as; to define and optimize the desired robot pose; to avoid or minimize collision risks; to control the robots for accomplishing the formation, and so on. In this work, a positioning task for a platoon of six aerial robots is guided by the MLCS methodology. The procedure is developed as follows: first, the off-line planning layer organizes the desired formation according to the current robot position; then, the robots are clustered in a set of triangular formations; and finally, each triangle is controlled for reaching its desired goal. Simulation results illustrate and validate the proposal.


Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) consist of sensor nodes that onward the sensed data in form of packets within the deployed network. Efficient packet forwarding is a key constraint in sensor networks and many demanding tasks in the network, together with redundancy estimation and sensor node localization depend principally on packet forwarding. Location based forwarding schemes have recently evolved as a promising solution for packet forwarding in WSNs, however, as the node density increases, the overhead incurred in terms of redundancy also increases considerably. With the motivation to develop a packet forwarding scheme that is tolerant to increase in node density and offers controlled redundancy a Self Localized Packet Forwarding Algorithm (SLPFA) is proposed in this paper.


This document reports on the e-Frameworks Meets e-Science Workshop, held at the e-Science Institute on 28 April 2006. The e-Framework is an international initiative from the U.K's Joint Information Systems Committee (JISC), Australia's Department of Education, Science and Training (DEST) and partners (http://www.e-framework.org). It aims to create a framework identifying the definition of services and procedures for the creation and re-use of software components and tools in a Service Oriented Architecture. Services may be common across the domains of e-Learning, e-Research (e-Science) and Digital Information. They may also be domain-specific. This workshop addressed specifically the needs of the e-Science community, and the mapping of the services and use cases in that environment to the larger framework being defined. It consisted of an opening presentation, and then a day of discussion covering the various topic areas defined in the e-Frameworks documents. Reference: NeSC report UKeS-2006-03 available from http://www.nesc.ac.uk/technical_papers/UKeS-2006-03.pdf


It is the author's purpose in this paper to discuss the problems of collective control on modern supply networks, to examine various alternative methods, and to explain how, by the aid of superimposed high-frequency signals, any distribution network may be used as a signalling system which will enable a supply undertaking to exercise remote control of consumer circuits from its own power station. He concludes that recent developments in this field have placed in the hands of the supply industry a powerful weapon with which to attack the economical development of heating loads, as well as providing an elegant solution to commonplace difficulties of street-lighting control, to which the supply industry has become accustomed but not reconciled. The special application of superimposed control in war time for the extinction of public lighting and for the dissemination of warning signals is not discussed in great detail, as such problems are of political rather than technical interest. As to terminology, control systems using superimposed signals are variously referred to as ?carrier control,? ?phantom circuit control,? and ?ripple control? systems. Of the three, the author prefers ?ripple control,? since it' avoids confusion with terms more properly applicable inother fields, yet gives a correct picture of the method itself.


Abstract This paper presents a distributed fault detection and isolation (FDI) method for a class of large-scale nonlinear uncertain systems. In the distributed FDI architecture, a local FDI component is designed for each subsystem by utilizing local measurements and certain communicated information from neighboring FDI components associated with subsystems that are directly interconnected. Under certain assumptions, adaptive thresholds for distributed FDI in each local subsystem are derived, ensuring robustness with respect to interactions among subsystems and system modeling uncertainty. The fault isolability condition is rigorously investigated, characterizing the class of faults that are isolable by the proposed method. An application example of automated highway systems is used to illustrate the effectiveness of the method.


In medical images, the observer's manual description of different structures is very different, and it spans a wide range of various structures and pathologies. This variability (which is a characteristic of biological issues, imaging modality and expert annotators) has not been fully considered in the design of computer algorithms for medical image quantification. So far, few people predict the uncertainty of medical image segmentation. In this paper, we designed a V-shaped network to quantify the uncertainty in prostate MRI image segmentation. We have embedded a feature pyramid attention module in the backbone network, which can extract high-level semantic context information at different scales and provide a pixel-level attention to the decoder. At the same time, the module will not bring a large computational burden. In our experiments, we tested the performance of the proposed method on 55 clinical subjects.


Objective: Prolonged radiation treatment duration has been negatively associated with treatment outcomes in cervical cancer. We soughttoevaluate factors associated with radiation treatment duration and to analyze the impact of prolonged treatment duration on cervical cancer survival outcomes in the era of chemoradiation.

 Methods:Data for patients undergoing primary radiation for cervical cancer at 2 affiliated teaching institutions from 1999–2008 were retrospectively reviewed. Clinicopathologic and treatment factors were assessed for an association with treatment duration. The impact of treatment duration on disease free (DFS) and overall (OS) survival was analyzed.

 Results:Median treatment duration for the 129 patients who received external beam radiation therapy (EBRT) and brachytherapy was 72 days. 49 patients (38%) completed treatment within 63 days. In multivariate analysis, extent of EBRT field, timing and type of brachytherapy, treatment site and administrative delays were all predictors of treatment duration. In multivariate analysis, treatment duration greater than 63 days was associated with worse DFS (HR 2.61; 95% CI 1.22–5.56; p=0.013) and OS (HR 7.34; 95% CI 1.68–32.1; p=0.008) in early and locally advanced disease. Mortality increased by 1.3% per day for each day of prolongation of radiation duration.

 Conclusion:In this retrospective analysis, completion of primary chemoradiation for cervical cancer within 63 days was associated with improved DFS and OS. By focusing on potentially modifiable factors including initiation of brachytherapy during EBRT and the resolution of administrative barriers, it may be possible to improve treatment duration, which may result in better patient outcomes.


The declining role of churches in Australian social life in recent years is generally accepted but the empirical data showing whereby this sudden decline occurred are poorly documented. Surveys from the last twenty years in Australia are used to document changes in indicators of church organised religious involvement. Declines are observed in church affiliation, church attendance, strength of belief in God, prayer, and numbers of Catholic religious and priests. Declines on all indicators occur in all age cohorts but are strongest in youngest age groups. Across the time period considered, women in their late twenties in the mid-1960s generally show the greatest declines whereas it is younger groups of men who change most. Catholics show lesser declines than other major churches in affiliation, attendance, belief in God and prayer. However there have been dramatic declines in numbers of Catholic religious and priests. The evidence supports an argument about changed childhood socialisation to religion and, for women only, competing socialisation in adult life. The evidence, however, should not be construed to show a continuous erosion of religion with 'modernisation'. It shows merely a period through the 1960s and 1970s when churches declined in power and influence.


Indigenous African Leafy Vegetables (ALVs) play a significant role in alleviating hidden hunger and malnutrition and contribute to income security for smallholder farmers. However, their potential to contribute to food, nutrition and income security has not been fully realized due to dysfunctional market chains. The Participatory Market Chain Approach (PMCA), which aims to stimulate gender-responsive innovations in commodity chains, was used to improve the performance of ALVs market chains in central Uganda. This paper presents the results of applying the PMCA in a phased manner on the ALV commodity chain in the context of a collaborative research project implemented in central Uganda. Phase 1 of the project interfaced with 121 chain actors and subquently, 70 and 103 actors and stakeholders participated in phase 2 and phase 3 activities, respectively. Through this collaborative process, iterative learning, stronger linkages and trust were built amongst the chain actors leading to synergies that resulted in benefits to all. Commercial, technical and institutional innovations were generated including new products such as a nutritional powder made of dried Solanum aethiopicum, Baghia and an enriched peanut butter. A platform of 54 chain actors was formed to jointly address challenges and harness opportunities in the future. Process facilitators' capacity to broker multi-stakeholder innovations was improved. New research areas related to cultivar descriptors for selected ALVs, postharvest management and business development support services emerged that triggered new research projects. The PMCA contributed to change in perceptions about ALVs, better incomes, knowledge and skills among market chain actors, establishment of beneficial linkages and improved capacity for innovation. The research re-emphasises the importance of a market approach towards improving and uplifting value chains of low profile crops which play a major role in sustaining livelihoods of smallholders farmers and women.


A 53-year-old right-handed and obese male sustained an intraarticular distal radius fracture (DRF) right due to a high energy injury that was primarily treated in another hospital with open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) using locked volar plating (LVP), one screw, and two Kirschner-wires. At first presentation in our hospital three month after primary surgery, the patient reported severe pain in his right wrist. Radiographically, there was a failed ORIF with distinctive displacement of the dorsal main fragment associated with an unacceptable intraarticular step-off due to primary insertion of LVP metaphyseal screws that proved to be of inadequate length; and additionally, an untreated complete scapholunate dissociation (SLD) Lindau grade 3 (Figure 1A). It is unknown to the authors whether SLD existed on the primary radiographs at time of injury. All internal osteosynthesis material was removed. Another three months later, the posteroanterior (PA) and lateral radiographs revealed advanced posttraumatic wrist joint osteoarthritis (OA) associated with distinctive impaction of the scaphoid bone into the distal radius metaphysis due to instability of proximal row (Figure 1B). The motion-preserving total wrist arthroplasty (TWA) using the relatively new angle-stable MaestroTM Wrist Reconstructive System (WRS, Biomet, Warsaw, Indiana / USA) accompanied by excision of the entire scaphoid bone was performed (Figure 2A). One year after TWA, there was an impingement between the ulnar head and radial component of TWA due to bony resorption of the sigmoid notch without any signs of implant loosening or subsidence (Figure 2B), that was treated with ulnar head hemiresection (Bowers procedure). Two years after the TWA the positioning of TWA was unchanged, without implant loosening or subsidence. Also noted was no convergence instability of the distal ulnar stump or radioulnar impingement radiographically (Figure 2C). Function in patient-rated wrist evaluation score (0-100 points) and pain in visual analogue score (0-10 points) improved from 76 and 9 before TWA to 26 and 2. In order to preserve motion, the patient reported that he would undergo the same TWA a second time were it necessary.


This article is concerned with the joint law of an integrated Wishart bridge process and the trace of an integrated inverse Wishart bridge process over the interval $ \left[0,t\right] $. Its Laplace transform is obtained by studying the Wishart bridge processes and the absolute continuity property of Wishart laws.


Abstract:"Significant life experiences" (SLE) is a research area of environmental education that aims to identify formative influences in the lives of individuals who demonstrate "responsible environmental behavior." We chose 188 environmental educators as the subjects for the first research of this kind in Japan, along with 25 subjects from users of a community center as a control group. In workshops and interviews, we asked about subjects' environmental behavior and formative experiences. Differences were found between the most frequent responses of the environmental educators and those of the control group. In addition, in follow-up interviews, 12 environmental educators reported that they spent many hours in natural areas accessible on a daily basis in their childhood and youth. Some of them suggested that there are two types of SLE: "fundamental SLE" and "directly influential SLE." The former are the experiences that form environmental sensitivity in childhood and youth. The latter are the experiences that trigger environmental actions later in life.


hample J: Opening of the movement marked Largo e spiccato from Concerto Grosso Op. 3, No. J1 by Vivaldi. During the last thirty or so years a tremendous interest has arisen in researching and reviving Baroque performance practices. Many musicians have built careers specializing in music of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, adopting the instruments and musical idiosyncrasies of that era. Their recordings, in many cases, have become paradigms of the earlier styles and aesthetics. String teachers who wishto prepare and perform music from a wider historicalspectrum, using modem instruments and bows, may benefit from the scholarship and dedication of specialist colleagues and incorporate historicallyinformed sonorities and gestures of the Baroque period into their music making. The exciting discovery of new colors, articulations, and phrasings is likely to enrich string playing of music from all periods. The highly inflected, dramatic music of the Baroque masters deserves an imaginative approach. The following suggestions are intended for consideration by both private string teachers and those working with string ensembles in high schools and colleges.


Cognitive radio (CR) is a promising technology to improve spectrum utilization. However, spectrum availability is uncertain which mainly depends on primary user's (PU's) behaviors. Broadcast is the most basic way to disseminate data from one source node to all the others in multi-channel cognitive radio networks (CRNs), and the retransmission can be a vital factor for improving broadcast performance. Existing works fail to exploit the unique characteristic of reliable broadcast or the broadcast nature of wireless links, which will lead to redundant transmissions and broadcast performance degradation. In this paper, we propose a social-based scheme for network coding based broadcast in CRNs, in which the source node combines all lost packets into a single one for retransmission by random linear network coding (RLNC), considering channel assignment in CRNs. We evaluate and compare the proposed scheme against other traditional retransmission mechanism with channel assignment. It is shown that the proposed scheme, by integrating social feature with network coding can obtain much better results, with respect to the average number of transmissions per packet.


Abstract Green tourism has become a hot issue in both academic fields and companies recently. A green tourism supply chain composed of a government, a green scenic area and a travel agency is addressed using the game theory. The scenic area in the supply chain sells tickets to tourists through the travel agency, and makes extra investment on environmental protection to improve its green degree. The government provides financial subsidy to the green scenic area maximizing both the total social welfare and environmental improvements. Two Stackelberg game models of the green tourism supply chain, without and with the governmental subsidy, are built and solved by the backward induction method. The theoretical analyses indicate that the governmental subsidy can increase the demand of green tourism, and enhance the total social welfare and environmental protection level of the whole supply chain.


The judgment of a certain region and compare the scale of urban land use is reasonable, and determine its spatial distribution, for the development of regional socio-economic development strategy and provide an important basis for reference. This article take the ten surrounding cities and counties of Harbin as study regional, economic, social and ecological aspects of construction of three aspect to construct the urban land use reasonable scale of the evaluation index system, and use entropy, to calculat and amend all cities and counties for the reasonableness of the size of a quantitative in2006. The results showed that in the economic, social and ecological coordination of the overall objectives defined, Harbin, the surrounding cities and counties for a reasonable scale of the spatial distribution have certain differences. The reasonable scale of Shuang cheng and Bayan both good.But Mulan ,Tonghe and Yan Shou are poor. Binxian, Yilan, Fangzheng, Shangzhi and Wuchang are all unreasonable. After compared the evaluation results of these cities and counties ,we make the proposals for strengthening the reasonable land scale.


This paper discusses one step from the scientific method—that of identifying independent and dependent variables—from both scientific and mathematical perspectives. It begins by analyzing an episode from a middle school mathematics classroom that illustrates the need for students and teachers alike to develop a robust understanding of independent and dependent variables. It then outlines four rationales (two from science and two from mathematics) for identifying independent and dependent variables. Finally, it reports the results of a textbook analysis that used these rationales to examine the extent to which typical mathematics textbook problems support or supplant a sensible view of independent and dependent variables. The findings indicate that often, mathematics textbook problems misrepresent the sense-making aspect of identifying independent and dependent variables, possibly setting students up to develop misconceptions about this step from the scientific method.


Based on the study of pile pipe bolt crack,This paper puts forward calculation,Structure design and operation solving method. Theory foundation is obtained through solving this problem.


Although the genetic algorithm (GA) is powerful and not limited by restrictive assumptions about search space of optimization problems, it has a convergency problem when it is used to find the optimum point with high accuracy. The object of developing an intelligent GA is to improve this weakness. In this paper, the optimization procedures of an intelligent GA are investigated, the advantages of the intelligent GA in improving the weakness in selecting GA parameters are confirmed.


The adventus regis belonged to the most important solemn events in the history of medieval towns and for the ruler it was an essential means of ritualised communications with his subjects.


It is estimated that millions of birds globally die due to collisions with glass surfaces. In order to reduce this mortality, it is essential to provide an objective assessment of the effectiveness of bird-friendly preventive methods. Several types of opaque films and stickers are available nowadays and can be highly effective in protecting birds from fatal collisions. However, by being visible to the human eye, they can affect the users' quality of view from within protected spaces. Products that take advantage of the birds' ability to see ultraviolet light seem to offset these impediments. This study determines if UV-reflective BirdShades film prevents birds from collisions with glass in natural environmental conditions. We monitored eight glass bus stops, where we had previously recorded high numbers of birds collisions. On four of them, we applied UV film, and the other four bus stops were used as control. A generalized additive mixed model showed a significant interaction between time (before vs. after) and film UV treatment (control vs. treated). Before the treatment, the number of collisions tended to be higher at treated bus shelters than control. However, this significantly changed after the treatment, suggesting that UV film reduces bird glass collision rate over 5-fold. Our study is the first worldwide that tested UV film on glass shelters and supports a conclusion that the UV film efficiently reduces the risk of bird collision.


Reply: Suction Drain-Assisted Split-Thickness Skin Grafting: A Simple Procedure to Improve Skin Graft Take Sir: We thank Dr. Xue and Dr. Zhao for their interest in our procedure,1 and we will respond point by point to all of these authors' questions. In fact, it is sometimes difficult to fully explain a procedure in a short report, and we are very pleased to provide some clarifications. First, above all, one should try to restrict this procedure to the least exudative wounds, to limit the frequency with which vacuum canisters need to be changed. In our experience, for large areas, the vacuum canister has to be changed regularly (up to three times per day). This could be done by a nurse at home, but we often prefer to keep patients in the hospital for the first 4 or 5 days. We put off changing the dressing until the compresses are saturated, because there is a significant risk that the graft will become detached, despite the presence of the interface. We are fortunate to work with a network of nurses who are expert in wound healing, all of whom hold a relevant university qualification. Second, we think there are several causes for loss of suction. It can be explained not only by an increase in the amount of liquid in the suction canister but also by leaks, even of small dimensions, around the edge of the adhesive film. To reduce these, one might consider a very close shave for the patient. We do not have a really standardized protocol, but it appears that suction is already too weak when the vacuum canister is half full and that it must be changed at this point. Third, patients must stay immobile for the first 4 or 5 days as with a conventional graft. In any case, the pain caused as the graft (which is usually at the thigh level) takes often limits movement for the first 5 days. Fourth, we have never noted any problem with blockage of the device, but should this occur, we think it would be necessary to stop the suction system and opt for conventional healing. To reduce pain on removal of the dressing, we prescribe premedication for 1 hour before removal, and we stop suction in advance. Fifth, the wall suction is a good solution, but it is necessary to use a manometer to maintain a constant pressure. At present in France, the practice of using a medical vacuum linked to a dressing to achieve a negative-pressure dressing is contraindicated. Significant pressure can increase the risk of hemorrhage. Finally, we consider that cushioning is beneficial in limiting lymphoceles, and we often do this when fitting a suction drain. We would like to offer our thanks to Dr. Xue and Dr. Zhao for their interest in this procedure, and we hope that our response meets their expectations. Innovations in negative-pressure wound therapy continue to be developed, and miniaturization together with falling costs will make these systems accessible to less fortunate institutions. DOI: 10.1097/PRS.0000000000001424


This article aims to analyze the resocialization of prisoners through literary production. The population crisis plaguing the Brazilian penitentiary system is a reality. One of the main factors contributing to the high occupancy rate of prisons is the high rate of recidivism. This situation denotes the failure of current public policies for the rehabilitation of inmates, who do not satisfactorily fulfill their mission. In this context, it is worth highlighting the lack of incentives on the part of our legislation, and public authorities, for literary production by those who are confined to prison. The intellectual activity promoted by the production of literary works requires, in its most varied nuances, a level of knowledge and awareness on the part of the author, which, by itself, requires greater engagement on the part of the one who sets out to express his thoughts. Because it requires more commitment, it is natural that these people's propensity for intellectual life becomes more natural. Precisely for this reason, the hypothesis raised in this work is that the incentive to literary production, in Brazilian prisons, would help in the re-socialization of prisoners. In the search for answers to the formulated hypothesis, bibliographic research was adopted as a research method. The results found confirmed the raised hypothesis, demonstrating that the correct incentive to literary production could be an agent of transformation in prison, promoting the adequate resocialization of prisoners through intellectual production.


In humans, a deficiency of the lysosomal hydrolase a-L-iduronidase (IDUA; EC 18.104.22.168) resultsin the lysosomal storage of the glycosaminoglycans heparan sulfate and dermatan sulfate, thereby causing the lysosomal storage disorder mucopolysaccharidosis type I. The gene for IDUA is split into 14 exons spanning approximately 19 kb. We report the sequence of two noncontiguous segments of the IDUA gene, one 1.8-kb segment containing exons 1 and 2 and surrounding sequences and a second segment of 4.5 kb containing the last 12 exons. The potential promoter for IDUA has only GC box type consensus sequences consistent with a housekeeping promoter and is bounded by an Ah repeat


At harvesting tea plant leaf, moisture of tea leaves was 79.5%, and percentage of banjhi shoot to the total was 77.8%, and weight of 100buds was...


This paper is investigating the possibility of merging building and landscape in a highway proximal environment in the Netherlands. Green in urban areas is under constant pressure and adding green in cities is a contemporary challenge. This merging is approached by examining how to make smarter use of the earth berm sound barriers that are commonly used on the sides of highways by making them multifunctional. This approach can fit under the earth sheltering technique. Five aspects are identified and studied individually. First, the technique of earth sheltered construction is studied including considerations such as structural loading, the application of thermal insulation, moisture and humidity. Secondly, lighting conditions for earth covered or underground spaces are presented. Next, the acoustic performance of the earthen sound barriers is studied, including general principles, geometry, surface cover and the influence of vegetation. The fourth aspect studied is the greening part, which is comparable to intensive green roof design, taking into consideration the slope. The final aspect studied is the thermal properties of soil, the potentials that are presented with its high thermal mass and the thermal energy storage that is possible in it. Moreover, some references are presented as examples for the study. Finally, it is concluded that such integration, however complex, is a possible task that can have very positive effects of the dense urban environment of present cities.


In order to reduce the ecological damage and economic loss caused by mountain torrent disasters in the flooded basin, it's very important to realize the self-repair of the ecosystem in a short time. Based on the analysis of the causes of mountain torrents, this paper summarizes three main parts of ecological restoration in the river basin, including rainwater storage, Sedimentation and wetland conservation. Taking a research base in Wenling, Zhejiang Province as an example, this paper also discusses the design methods of the landscape inside mountain torrent basins based on ecological restoration from these parts above. Finally, these methods were obtained and applied in design practice, providing more solutions and theoretical references for the ecological restoration design in the future.


In Internet application,the security on XML is especially important.Encrypting XML document can ensure effectively its safety.The encryption method based on XML is researched.It expounds firstly the working principle of XML encryption and analyses the flow of encryption,then it relates W3C encryption standard and lists the encryption document structure,at last it provides how to implement the encryption method through editing program in C#.NET,and lists a XML encryption document about shopping.XML encryption method is compared with other encryption technology,it is more flexible and easier to implement.


ABSTRACT We used clearly defined measures of weather and time of day to determine their impacts on the number of bird species recorded in 5439 area-search surveys of 142 one-hectare sites in open temperate woodlands. Surveys recording the highest number of species spanned the full range of times of day and weather conditions. For our full dataset, the number of species recorded dropped by 16% at higher wind speeds (>20 km/h), 0.8%/h after sunrise (or 7.4% in the afternoon compared to morning), and 0.5% per degree temperature increase, but was unrelated to cloud cover. Resampling our full dataset, we separated impacts of effort from weather and analysed scenarios which might arise with time or budget constraints. Dawn surveys were less affected by time and weather, and recorded more species than other scenarios per unit of effort, especially at species-rich sites. We demonstrate that setting thresholds for these variables is not warranted if this reduces sample size in a study. Conversely, if researchers are restricted to a fixed number of surveys, then our data highlight that thresholds may be used to optimise results by avoiding periods when less productive conditions, particularly winds >20 km/h, prevail.


– The features of assigning normal tolerances by tangent methods for correlated parameters of elements are considered. Relations for maximal volume of tolerable domain are proposed. Algorithms of assigning tolerances are presented if endpoints and width of output function interval are given. Non-linear properties of working-capacity domain boundaries are taken into account.


Abstract A prospective, longitudinal design empirically tested the hypotheses that career development indices account for significant amounts of variance in the prediction of medical school success and account for unique variance beyond that of academic predictors of medical school success. Participants included 111 first-year medical students whose progress was followed during the first 2 years of medical school. The results supported the hypotheses. Logistic regression analyses indicated that career development indices accounted for statistically significant amounts of unique variance beyond that of the academic predictors. Implications for the use of career development indices in practice are discussed.