A new modular high time resolution imaging camera system with sub-microsecond timing accuracy has been built in the Physics Dept. of NUI, Galway. The system was designed to be mounted on large telescopes for observing the temporal, spectral and polarisation characteristics of faint astronomical objects, such as optical pulsars. The camera system developed allows simultaneous and independent observing of multiple wavebands of emission from the target objects. This is achieved using optics that split images into their different spectral or polarisation components. The system currently incorporates a multi-anode microchannel array (MAMA) photon detecting and imaging camera with a time resolution of up to 100ns. This is combined with three high quantum efficiency avalanche photodiodes (APDs) with count rates of up to 16 million photons per second. The high time resolution recording system can allow for the removal of telescope tracking inaccuracy and wind shear off-line. This yields better PSFs for bright objects such as crowded globular star clusters. This combination of different detectors allows the system to be operated as a multi purpose, high QE, high time resolution system. The modular nature of the design electronics also allows the addition and removal of detectors without limiting the performance of other elements within the system. The data path is also designed so that archiving integrity is maintained while the data path is simultaneously used for real-time analysis and display systems. Future applications in the bio-medical imaging sector are envisaged for high time resolution fluorescence imaging, and astronomical polarisation studies.


Purpose: To pharmacologically investigate the methanol and petroleum ether extracts of the plant leaves of Manilkara zapota (MZME and MZPE, respectively), Abroma augusta (AAME and AAPE, respectively) and Vitex negundo (VNME and VNPE, respectively). Methods: Analgesic and anti-diarrheal activities were assessed by acetic acid-induced writhing and castor oil-induced diarrhea in mice, respectively, while CNS depressant activity was evaluated using hole-cross and open-field method by observing the decrease in exploratory behavior and spontaneous motor activity in mice, respectively. Results: All the extracts exhibited good analgesic activity at a dose of 200 mg/kg with the following rank order of activity: MZME > MZPE > VNME > VNPE > AAME > AAPE. Analgesic activity was insignificant at 100 mg/kg dose except for VNPE (67.81 % inhibition). The extracts produced significant reduction in diarrheal episodes in mice at a dose of 400 mg/kg MZPE (highest protection: 80.3 %, p < 0.05) and VNME (lowest protection: 38.6 %, p < 0.001). The extracts demonstrated CNS depressant activity in a dose-dependent manner (p < 0.05 compared to the standard except for AAME and AAPE which showed insignificant activity). Conclusion: The results indicate that the traditional use of the investigated plants appears to be justified; however, further studies are required to unravel the underlying mechanisms of action.


In the present paper, a new model of the collision term, of the Boltzmann Kinetic equation dealing with binary gas mixture affected by a centrifugal field, is introduced. The new model is representing a modification of the BGK (Bhatnagar-Gross-Krook) model of the Boltzmann kinetic equation to be suitable for studying the influence of centrifugal field affected on gases mixture. The scientific achievement of the new model is that it is a very simple model without any mathematical complexity; but without any loss of generality. We shed light upon that the new model is satisfied the conservation of energy, conservation of mass, and conservation of momentum laws, the second law of thermodynamic, and the principle of maximum entropy production that is like the BGK model itself. Complete mathematical model for a centrifugal field, used in Uranium enrichment process affected on gases mixture between two coaxial circular porous rotating cylinders, is presented which is an important application for our new model. We also, introduced the complete irreversible thermodynamics properties of the system for the first time at all, for the best of our knowledge. The entropy, entropy flux, entropy production, thermodynamic forces, kinetic coefficients are presented for our model system. The ratios between the different contributions of the internal energy changes are predicted via the extended Gibbs equation. The main important implementation of the model is the uranium enrichment that is used in nuclear energy generation or nuclear weapons, many medical applications and various industrial amazing applications. The flow of a binary gases mixture of UF6, and N2 between rotating cylinders is the first important suggested problem enforcement of the new model.


In October 1909, an interview was held between the presidents of Mexico and the United States, which was surrounded by great expectations. Years later, the content of the interview remains unpublished; however, in an extensive letter that President Taft wrote to his wife, guidelines are found to decipher the scope of the interview. The original letter with its translation is now presented.


Previously published methods of estimating the change in maintaining voltage Vm of a normal glow discharge (in which an anode fall is not present) caused by a change in the envelope temperature Tw are discussed. As cylindrical tube geometry was used in each case, exact solutions were not obtained. This paper considers a spherical cathode centrally situated in a spherical envelope for which arrangement an exact solution is possible. Predicted results agree with experimental measurements. Using a simplified model of a glow discharge tube the theory is extended to include the case in which an anode fall is present. Qualitative results show that dVm/dTw, the temperature coefficient, can change from negative to positive under certain conditions due to commencement of formation of an anode fall. This conclusion is confirmed by measurement of the coefficient for an adjustable-gap tube operated in the normal glow discharge region.


Grewia mollis stem bark used locally in Nigeria as food additive was mixed with the normal diet at 0, 1, 5 and 10% and fed male Wister rats over a four week period. No deaths or remarkable changes in general appearance or behaviour were observed in treated animals. Significant (p< 0.05) increases in serum transaminases activities, accompanied by decreased food intake were observed in rats fed the stem bark at 10% dietary level. Treatments had no effect on serum alkaline phosphatase activity, urea, creatinine, triglycerides, cholesterol, glucose concentrations and body and organ weights determined. These findings suggest that dietary exposure of rats to Grewia mollis stem bark at high concentrations may cause some adverse effects, especially liver injury. (Toxic Effects of Grewia mollis Stem Bark in Experimental Rats. Toxic Effects of Grewia mollis Stem Bark in Experimental Rats. Journal of American Science 2010;6(12):1544-1548). (ISSN: 1545-1003). http://www.americanscience.org.


by MARGE E. LANDSBERG 1, Shikmona St., Bat-Galim, Haifa 35471, Israel. 25 VI 79 Since at least the time of Saussure (1974[1916]), most linguists have asserted that language is a system of exclusively symbolic, conventional or arbitrary signs. There appears to be, however, growing evidence (Cooper and Ross 1975; Jakobson 1966, 1970; Jespersen 1922, 1929; Landsberg 1978a, 1978b, 1979b; Moeser 1975; Shapiro 1968; Tanz 1971; Valesio 1969; Wescott 1971; Woolley 1976) that language contains many elements which are clearly iconic-imitative, in one way or another, of nonlinguistic reality. As used in this paper, the term "semiotics" refers to the scientific analysis of signalling systems, that is, the study of signs and sign-using behaviour; the term "language" refers to any strictly human communicative system, including speech, gesture, and writing; and the term "icon" has the semiotic meaning ascribed to it first by Locke (1965[1690]) and later by Peirce (1931). According to Peirce, an icon is a nonarbitrary intentional sign-a designation which is to a significant degree representational of, has some degree of isomorphism with, or bears an intrinsic resemblance to the object it designates. In Peirce's conception (see Wescott 1971:417), signs can be divided into two types: (1) signals, signs deliberately produced by animate agencies, and (2) indices, signs automatically produced by inanimate agencies. Signals, in turn, are divisible into two subtypes: (a) symbols, signs that have a purely conventional or arbitrary connexion with their referent, and (b) icons, signs whose correspondence with their referents is intentional, intrinsic, and necessary and which may therefore convey universal semantic content. Though Peirce did not mention it, it would seem to me that indices may demonstrate a similar polarity: (a) purely sensuo-deictic (extensional or ostensive) and (b) nonsensual (intensional or conceptual). We may think here, for instance, of phenomena of nature and medical symptoms as compared with theoretical constructs of science such as atoms and genes. Outside our own species, iconic communicative behaviour or intention movements may be noticed in such instances as bees indicating a food source, birds about to take flight (and by their movements inviting others to do so), and cats about to jump a prey. Much the same phenomenon confronts us in considering the imitative behaviour of the primates currently being taught human visual systems of communication. Of the three major forms of human communication-speech, writing, and gesture-it is undoubtedly the latter in which the existence of iconic elements has been most readily accepted by scientific investigators. As Wescott (1971 :418) has pointed out, in American Sign Language, a European derived system of manual signals for the deaf, about 25% of all entries have been listed as icons (Stokoe et al. 1965), while of the remaining 75% about two-thirds appear to be derivable from icons. In other words, as is to be expected, most of the signs of American Sign Language appear to be more or less stylized versions of originally iconic signs. Most modern linguists appear unaware of the import of the iconic elements of our alphabet (Landsberg 1979b), and this interesting intellectual astigmatism appears equally to afflict inhabitants of neighbouring disciplinary domains (e.g., Luria 1966:409; Marshack 1972:457). However, most graphonomists, such as Diringer (1968) and Gelb (1963), assert quite unequivocally that the sound symbols represented by alphabetic signs evolved from iconic signs or pictures of their referents (see also Mairani 1973). Schematic representations of this evolution can be found in any good encyclopaedia (and see Landsberg 1979b). An interesting question here is whether very early physical and cultural remains can be correlated with the emergence of human speech-that is, whether the development of graphic symbolism has direct bearing on the development of conceptual symbolism or thinking, visual symbolism or gesturing, and acoustic symbolism or speech (Kallir 1961, Landsberg 1979b, Wreschner 1976). The symbolic behaviour patterns of prehistoric humanity, as manifested in these ancient pictorial assemblages, may well prove to be our sole witness and sole clue to the emergence of Homo loquens. Even granting, however reluctantly, that both gesture or sign language and writing, at least in its evolutionary perspective, exhibit very extensive and clear iconic elements, most linguists would still vehemently deny the existence of any comparable iconic elements in speech. For this reason this aspect of the problem seems the most challenging and the most worthy of investigation in depth. If iconic elements exist in speech, they ought to be found on all levels: morphology, phonology, syntax, and semantics. I shall therefore be concerned with an investigation of these four dimensions. As Jakobson (1966) has observed, marked forms (such as plurals, preterits, obliques, and comparatives) are generally longer than unmarked forms. Examples of this contrast in English are book vs. books, jump vs. jumped, they vs. their, big vs. bigger. Moreover, in languages which have more than two degrees of markedness, the most marked form is usually the longest. Thus, in English, the form longer is itself longer than the form long, while the form longest is itself the longest of the three. Iconism in phonology is even more conspicuous than in morphology. The relation of sound to meaning has been extensively treated in the literature of psycholinguistics, phonetics, semantics, and stylistics (cf. Ullmann 1962; Lyons 1977; Gray 1976, 1977). We seem to be dealing here, however, with several distinct phenomena: (1) onomatopoeia or primary iconicity (Lyons 1977:103), such as can be found, for instance, in the English cuckoo; (2) general sound symbolism or psychophonetics, with a literature too extensive to be enumerated here;2 and (3) sound symbolism in words relating to proximity and distance (physical, temporal, personal), or phonaesthesia (Tanz 1971), in which, for instance, an /i/ sound, as in French ici 'here', may signify closeness to the speaker or present time (here it overlaps with syntactic iconicity), whereas an /a/ sound, as in French la, Spanish alld 'there', French ld-bas 'yonder' (and cf. English this vs. that), may indicate distance or past time.3


"Microinjection" is becoming increasingly important in molecular biology. These operations include the micromanipulation of cellular subjects, such as piercing procedure through the zona pellucida and the membrane in ICSI (intracytoplasmic sperm injection).Copyright © 2003 by ASME


The catalytic decomposition of dichlorodifluoromethane (CFC-12) in the presence of water vapor on a series of SO42- -promoted solid acids was investigated. CFC-12 was decomposed completely on SO42-/ZrO2, SO42-/TiO2, SO42-/SnO2, SO42-/Fe2O3 and SO42-/Al2O3 at 265℃, 270℃, 325℃, 350℃ and 325℃, respectively, and the selectivity to by-products was ne-gleclable. Obvious deactivation was found on SO42-/ZrO2 and SO42-/Al2O3 during several hours on stream, while the catalytic activity was maintained on SO42-/TiO2, SO42-/SnO2 and SO42-/Fe2O3 for 240 h on stream.


With the advance and optimization of the computer hardware and software, illumination effect has become a focus in 3D game special effects. Illumination effect can in great extent affect the simulation reality. The article bases on Visual C++ 6.0 platform and employs 3D engine-OpenGVS V4.3 to create lighting at night and this improves the fidelity of 3D world visual system. Lighting effect in this article can be sorted into two types, static lighting and dynamic lighting. Static lighting refers to a fitted lighting source and dynamic lighting uses Position-In-Phase and Direction-In-Phase arithmetic to create effect of lighting which is equipped on moving objects, such as vehicle headlight, vehicle carried searchlight etc.


Life is thought to have appeared in the depth of the sea, under high hydrostatic pressure. Nowadays, it is known that the deep biosphere hosts a myriad of life forms thriving under high pressure conditions. However, the evolutionary mechanisms leading to their adaptation are still not known. Here we show the molecular bases of these mechanisms through a neutron scattering study of two orthologous proteins. We observed that pressure adaptation involves the decoupling of protein-water dynamics and the elimination of cavities in the protein core. This is achieved by an enrichment of acidic residues on the protein surface and by the use of bulkier hydrophobic residues in the core. These findings will be the starting point in the search of a complete genomic model explaining high pressure adaptation.


Mobility constitutes a normative characteristic of the traditions and the historical development of the region of Modern Greece. Revisiting the history of the nation, not in its own terms, but in the terms of globality, and focusing on issues related to migration and diaspora, highlight the role that mobility and stasis play in the constitution of the social and the political in contemporary Greece. They also highlight some of the regional emergences of globality and of the conflict, crisis and expectations that these emergences provoke.


With the rapid development of cloud applications, the computing requests of cloud data centers have increased significantly, consuming a lot of energy, making cloud data centers unsustainable, which is very unfavorable from both the cloud provider's point of view and the environmental point of view. Therefore, it is crucial to minimize energy consumption and improve resource utilization while ensuring user service quality constraints. In this paper, we propose a hybrid workflow scheduling algorithm (Online Hybrid Dynamic Scheduling, OHDS), which aims to minimize the energy consumption of tasks and maximize service resource utilization while satisfying the sub-deadline and data dependency constraints of workflow tasks. Firstly, the data dependencies between workflow tasks are considered for multi-task merging, and sub-deadline constraints are assigned to workflow tasks based on task priority. Secondly, based on the independent nature of the tasks of different workflows, a hybrid scheduling of multiple workflows is performed to reduce service idle time. Then, the workflow task scheduling priority and its sub-deadlines are dynamically adjusted, and the service status is sensed by the CPU utilization of the service, and the workload on the overloaded/underloaded service is balanced by dynamic migration of virtual machines. Finally, the OHDS method is compared with three existing scheduling methods to verify its better performance in terms of scheduling energy consumption, scheduling success rate and service resource utilization.


Early cholecystectomy <8 days from acute biliary presentation results in improved outcomes. Guidelines suggest >80% of eligible patients should undergo this. Following CholeQuic-ER, evaluating biliary care nationally, HES for this trust showed 20% compliance.

 Prior to CholeQuic-ER, audits evaluated current practice - referrals, cholecystectomy <8 days, elective waiting lists (WL), HES compared with clinical practice, weekend abdominal ultrasound service (USS). Interventions included stakeholder consultation (A&E/radiology/surgeons/theatre). A pathway encompassing current guidelines was disseminated via education, trust induction and a protocol including increased USS provision (4 weekday and 2 weekend patients/ day), theatre (1 session/week) and senior clinician led coding. Service was re-evaluated.

 Audit of HES showed 60% of patients were incorrectly coded. Of correctly coded, 58% of eligible patients received cholecystectomy <8 days. 21% of patients on WL had previous attendance(s) for biliary pathology, 39% were not referred for surgery. 70% of biliary weekend USS requests were not performed. Areas for improvement are referral for surgery, timely USS, theatre capacity and coding. Post intervention, 100% of eligible patients underwent cholecystectomy <8 days (joint-best UK outcome). No patients on WL had an emergency admission. Our 'Best in Study' award from CholeQuic-ER was confirmed with HES.

 Results confirm significant quality improvement for patients presenting with acute biliary pathology. From an initial 20% compliance rate according to HES (58% when corrected for coding error), we achieved 100% of eligible patients receiving cholecystectomy <8 days. These interventions could be disseminated to gain better outcomes nationally.

 This project showed significant quality improvement for patients presenting with acute biliary disease. These interventions could be disseminated to gain better outcomes for patients nationally.


Abstract This paper investigates the effect of community-based monitoring on crime in the context of a school safety initiative that employed community members to monitor city blocks during students' travel to and from school. Although we find that total crime decreased by 17% relative to neighboring non-treated blocks, these main effects are not the complete story. We find evidence of treatment spillovers in blocks closest to treated areas, but we also uncover cross-crime substitution within treated blocks, intertemporal reallocation of crime to non-monitored periods, and spatial displacement of crime into areas farther away from treated blocks. Our estimates of the benefit-cost ratio associated with each additional civilian-year of community monitoring are much larger than traditional estimates of each additional police officer-year.


The article deals with the concept of sustainable development in terms of the most important stages of its formation and institutionalization, as well as the most current trends in the use of technology as a promising social technology. Emphasizes that an English term « sustainable development » acquired a new socio-cultural status, which reflects the particular form of maintaining a stable relation between the social parameters of humanity and the natural environment of its habitat, only after the publication of the report « The Our Common Future » and the subsequent its discussion at the UN Conference on Environment and Development in Rio deJaneiro in 1992. The idea of sustainable development as a fundamental paradigm of the assess and justify priorities of modern sociodynamics in its global, regional and local-national projections received further specification and refinement in the materials and solutions of authoritative international forums and conferences. In article denoted those the problem shifts and the identified novations in the understanding and interpretation of the idea of sustainable development, which were recorded in the decisions of 21 session of the Governing Council of Program of United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), held in 2001 in Nairobi (Kenya), the international summit in Johannesburg (South Africa) in 2002, the UN Conference "RIO+ 20", held in 2012 in Rio de Janeiro (Brazil). Special attention is paid to the idea of a "green economy", which has become a kind of the concretization of the principle of sustainable development and has entered into the final document of the UN Conference "RIO+ 20", entitled "The future we want." Also, in the materials of this conference quite clearly are expressed the idea about the systemic nature of the concept of "the sustainable development" and the need to integrate in its contents of the economic, environmental and socio-cultural factors. The interpretation of the systemic vision of the sustainable development strategy involves the development and justification of the necessary totality of its basic principles. As such principles, the article proposes to allocate some of the provisions (the principle of biosferacentrism, the principle of co-evolutionary regulation of socio-natural systems, the principle of rationalization of social needs, and others.). Implementation of such the system parameterization of idea of sustainable development will significantly reduce the level of polysemy of the term « sustainable development » and identify ways to further explication as the most important concept of modern science and philosophy. Recently, more and more popular becomes context of using the concept of "sustainable development". This variable instability and spontaneous dynamism of modern social systems are initiates the search and study of technologies for optimal controlling these processes in order to implement a program of sustainable and balanced development of the concrete historical type of society, taking into account the basic and functionally important components. Exactly, such a broad interpretation of the term "sustainable development" is correlated with the newest technologies to optimize the relationship between man and nature. As specific examples of such social technologies in article describes " The National Strategy for Sustainable Development of the Republic of Belarus" and " The Local Agenda XXI century » (LA 21 - Local Agenda 21), on the basis of which was developed by a number of local initiatives in the field of environment Western and Northern Europe, and in particular, in Sweden.


Abstract A simple recipe for modelling the dynamics of the legume component of a grass-legume pasture simulator is proposed, avoiding some of the difficulties associated with representing the pasture submodel as autonomous but interacting grass and legume components. A target legume content of the sward is assumed to depend on the carbon:nitrogen ratio in the plant substrate carbon and nitrogen pools (these represent the labile and easily mobilizable C and N pools in the plant). The rate at which the actual legume content approaches the target content is proportional to the gross specific growth rate of the pasture. The canopy extinction coefficient and the dinitrogen fixation rate for the pasture are adjusted according to the changing legume content. The method has been incorporated into a generic single-species grassland simulator, the Hurley Pasture Model. Seasonal changes in legume fraction and associated variables are simulated. Next, the response of the legume fraction to step changes in nitrogen fertilizer application, carbon dioxide concentration, rainfall and temperature are predicted for a grazed pasture. Yield from frequent harvesting is also examined for four treatments: ambient and elevated carbon dioxide × low and high nitrogen fertilizer application. Qualitatively, the simulations agree well with experimental findings. This indicates that some important aspects of grass-legume competition could operate primarily through the pasture carbon:nitrogen substrate ratio. This ratio may determine those characteristics of morphology, growth and function that largely define the differential success of the two components of grass-legume swards; however, causation would not be proved (as far as this is scientifically possible) without a detailed mechanistic model. The approach may be useful for the investigation of management and climate-change problems in grassland.


Toxoplasma gondii is a zoonotic protozoan that can infect any warm-blooded mammal. T. gondii infects about one-third of the human population on the planet. Infection with the parasite in human causes toxoplasmosis that may pose a high risk in immunocompromised individuals under certain clinical conditions. Cats are the ultimate hosts of T. gondii where oocysts are formed through mating of male and female gametes. Infected cats can expel T. gondii oocysts in their feces, and thereby capable of pass on a disease to humans and other animals through consumption of foods, vegetables and water that are polluted with cat feces. The study was conducted to detect the presence of anti-T. gondii IgM and IgG antibodies in the blood of individuals with or without cat contact to determine if there is any relationship between cat contacts and T. gondii infection in humans. To address this, we enrolled subjects who contacted with the cat as target group and individuals with no cat contact as control group. Following register of different demographic data (including age, sex, education, foods habit, income status, etc.), whole blood from each enrolled subject of both the target group and control group was collected for serum preparation. T. gondii infected subjects were detected by Toxo Rapid test kit through identifying anti-T. gondii IgM and IgG antibodies in their serum. We found that only three out of twenty subjects who were in contact with cat showed positive IgG response while IgM antibody response was absent for all subjects. When compared with the data from control group, we did not find any significant association (p = 0.33) of cat contact with the transmission of T. gondii into human. However, with this small number of study subjects, we cannot conclusively say that there is no impact of cat contact on the transmission of T. gondii into human. Whether any association exists or not can be ascertained with a large number of subjects from different areas of Bangladesh in a future study in the population.


The p-hub center problem is to locate p hubs and to allocate non-hub nodes to hub nodes such that the maximum travel time (or distance) between any origin–destination pair is minimized. We address the p-hub center allocation problem, a subproblem of the location problem, where hub locations are given. We present complexity results and IP formulations for several versions of the problem. We establish that some special cases are polynomially solvable. � 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.


In this paper, we deal with the reconstruction problem of aperture in the plane from their diffraction patterns. The problem is severely ill-posed. The reconstruction solutions of classical Tikhonov method and Fourier truncated method are usually over-smoothing. To overcome this disadvantage of the classical methods, we introduce a quasi-boundary regularization method for stabilizing the problem by adding a-priori assumption on the exact solution. The corresponding error estimate is derived. At the continuation boundary $ z = 0 $, the error estimate under the a-priori assumption is also proved. In theory without noise, the proposed method has better approximation than the classical Tikhonov method. For illustration, two numerical examples are constructed to demonstrate the feasibility and efficiency of the proposed method.


Over the past few decades, diagnostic strategies for pulmonary embolism (PE) have undergone significant changes. Until the early 1970's, the diagnosis or exclusion was made on clinical grounds alone. In the Urokinase Pulmonary Embolism Trial, several clinical findings, previously considered valuable in the diagnosis of PE, were not present in many patients with PE and more than 60% of the 2,500 patients with suspected PE had this diagnosis excluded by objective tests. These results led many clinicians to virtually abandon clinical examination and diagnose PE solely based on the results of objective tests. A number of recent studies, however, have suggested that combining the individual components of clinical assessment, risk factors for PE, and simple investigations reliably categorizes the probability of PE as high, moderate, or low in an individual patient (2-5). In three of these studies, physicians used intuitive clinical assessment (2-4), whereas in the fourth, a structured assessment was used. The key findings for these four studies are summarized in Table 1.


Background: Urinary tract infections (UTIs), including cystitis and pyelonephritis, are the most common infectious diseases in childhood. - ent E. coli genotypes in all isolates that ranged in similarity from 50% to 100%. PCR showed that the prevalence of virulence genes ranged from 15.62% for hly to 30.2% for pap. Conclusion: These data mandate local monitoring of drug resistance and its consideration in empirical therapy of E. coli infections. Plasmid analysis of representative E. coli isolates also demonstrates the presence of a wide range of plasmid sizes, with no consistent relationship EHWZHHQSODVPLGSURoOHVDQGUHVLVWDQFHSKHQRW\SHV��3ODVPLGSURo OHVGLVWLQJXLVKHGPRUHVWUDLQVWKDQGLGWKHDQWLPLFURELDOVXVFH SWLELOLW\� pattern.


Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the semiological value of the so-called ABCDE criteria in the differential diagnosis of pigmented tumors. Aside from the classical ABCD criteria, an E criterion for 'enlargement' is studied. Material and Methods: Records from melanoma patients were obtained from a melanoma database prospectively including patients treated for melanoma in our department since 1992; 460 files were found informative for this study. A prospective control group was established including 680 cases of benign pigmented tumors. All cases included in the study were histopathologically controlled in our dermatopathology unit. Records of ABCDE, i.e. corresponding to asymmetry, irregular borders, irregular coloration, diameter ≥6 mm and enlargement, were codified as present or absent in every case. Data were statistically compared for every individual criterion with the χ2 test and for the number of criteria present in melanoma versus other pigmented tumors with Student's t test. Results: Significant differences were observed for all individual criteria (p <0.001) between melanomas and common nevi. Significant differences were also observed for B, C and E criteria between melanomas and atypical nevi. The sensitivity of the individual criteria for the diagnosis of melanoma was 57, 57, 65, 90 and 84% for ABCDE, respectively. The specificity of the individual criteria for the diagnosis of melanoma versus other pigmented tumors was 72, 71, 59, 63 and 90% for ABCDE, respectively. The number of criteria present was significatively different between common nevi (1.24 ± 1.26) and melanomas (3.53 ± 1.53; p <0.001) and between common nevi and atypical nevi (3.62 ± 0.83, p <0.001), but no significant difference was found between melanomas and atypical nevi. Sensitivity and specificity of diagnosis of melanoma are 89.3 and 65.3% if 2 criteria are present. Sensitivity and specificity of diagnosis of melanoma are 65.5 and 81% if 3 criteria are present. Conclusion: The so-called ABCD criteria have a good semiological value in the differential diagnosis of pigmented tumors. Addition of an E criterion for enlargement optimizes sensitivity and specificity of diagnosis.


We combine published optical and near-infrared photometry to identify new low-mass candidate members in an area of about 0.64 deg 2 in Corona Australis with the S -parameter method. Five new candidate members of the region are selected. They have estimated ages between 3 and 15 Myr and masses between 0.05 and 0.15 M� . With Spitzer photometry we confirm that these objects are not surrounded by optically thick disks. However, one of them is found to display excess at 24 μm, thus suggesting it harbors a disk


Objective: To study the efficacy of Yixin decoction in treatment of children with viral myocarditis and the impact on enzymes. Methods: 68 children with viral myocarditis in our hospital from September 2011 to March 2013 were randomly divided into control group and observation group,and 34 cases were in each group. Among them,the control group was given vitamin C and nutrition cardiac and other general for treatment while the observation group was given Yixin decoction for treatment. Two weeks were for a course,and the patients were treated for 3 consecutive months. After the treatment,the clinical efficiency and changes in enzyme levels were compared between the two groups were compared.Results: The total effective rate of the observation group was 97. 06% significantly higher than 85. 29% of the control group,the two groups was statistically significant( P 0. 05); the enzyme levels after treatment were significantly lower than before( P 0. 05),and the observation group were significantly lower than the control group( P 0. 05).Conclusion: Yixin decoction in treatment of children with viral myocarditis has significant effects,and it can significantly improve the level of enzymes,and it is worth to be applied in clinic.


Abstract Live prey items, such as the rotifer Brachionus plicatilis, are an essential component of many marine larval production systems. However, in intensive larval rearing systems live food items are also a potential source of pathogens which could adversely affect survival of the larvae. Consequently, it would be advantageous to reduce or eliminate potential pathogens associated with rotifers and their culture water prior to feeding. Ozone is a strong oxidizing agent which can be utilized as a disinfectant. Ozone is utilized extensively by commercial operators for disinfection and treatment of culture water, but there is limited data on tolerance of rotifers to ozone, residual oxidants associated with using ozone in seawater and the efficacy of an ozone wash. This study sought to evaluate the effects of exposing rotifers to ozone and/or residual oxidants associated with the use of ozone in seawater. Under the described conditions, the rotifer was found to be sensitive to ozonated seawater, both as tot...


The present invention relates to dielectric ceramics produced therefrom thin and / or thick layers, and a method for producing the same and the use of the dielectrics and the thin and / or thick layers.


Aim of this paper is to provide a knowledge system, able to identify risks and help their assessment in projects. Risk management has recently been considered as key tool for decision making in project management. Although several papers have been issued concerning this problem, project risk management is still a research field for the scientific community. However, a specific part of it, which is the identification and assessment, seems to be the most "fertile" for investigation. Moreover, the paper is illustrated with a case study concerning the implementation of the method on a project in the construction sector. Key-Words: knowledge system, risk management, project management, risk identification


This assay focused on the adults of Gansu province as the research object.Based on the grade data of physique monitoring of adults of Gansu province and with correspondence analysis model,we analyzed the grade distribution status of Gansu province physique monitoring.The result demonstrated that the physique grade of residents decreased along with the increment of age: 35~3940~44 20~2425~29、30~34、45~49 50~54、55~59.This showed that healthy physique has not been paid enough attention by residents,especially not by the aged people.Therefore,government should reinforce the monitoring and publicity of its results,to acquaint the residents with their physique status,and advocate physical exercise and healthy life,in order to improve the current situation.


Objective: The study aims to investigate the antifungal response of the dug usnic acid with the carrier graphene. Methods: Nano-precipitation method by sonication was adopted to formulate the conjugate. SEM test was performed to check the shape and average size of the conjugate. FTIR test was performed for the chemical interaction between the drug and the carrier. Ointment was prepared by the fusion method and the viscosity test was performed by Brookfield viscometer. Spreadability test was performed by slide method. Animal activity was performed to confirm the antifungal effect of the formulated nano-conjugate. Statistical analysis was done by Anova. Results: SEM study shows that the conjugate is in the nano range and possess a spherical shape. FTIR study shows no interaction between the drug and the carrier. The result of in vitro drug release study shows that the conjugate posses a higher drug release rate as compared to the drug alone. Topical drug administration is more suitable for the treatment of the fungal infection, so the nano-conjugate was incorporated into the ointment by geometric mixing. The viscosity and the spreadability test were performed on the different formulations of the ointment and the suitable one was selected for the topical administration. Anti-fungal study had been performed on the Wistar albino rats for 6 d. Skin culture of rats was performed for the formation of the fungal colonies. Statistical analysis by Anova gives p<0.001. It was found that the normal form of usnic acid, graphene and the nano form both possess anti-fungal activity as 3/6 and 2/6 experimental animals are cured by normal formulation and nano-formulation. Conclusion: The present anti-fungal study revealed that the nano-form of the conjugate possess higher anti-fungal activity than the normal formulation of usnic acid with graphene.


The present invention is a kind of butter inhibitor for ethylene unit alkaline washing tower and preparation method thereof; Be characterised in that: inhibitor is made up of component A, B component, C component, and each component percentages is: component A 10-30%, B component 10-30%, component C 40-80%; Described component A preparation method is: stirred by the hydrazine hydrate of 80% and be warming up to 70 DEG C, separately import oxyethane to carry out gas-liquid contact reaction, unreacted oxyethane tail gas absorbs with water; Underpressure distillation is carried out after temperature declines; Boil off excessive hydrazine hydrate and the free-water of system; The hydrazine hydrate recirculation steamed uses, and obtains pale yellow oily liquid body component A product; Described B component is selected from as MU, ethyl carbamide, n-propyl urea, normal-butyl urea; Described component C is dehydrated alcohol; Described preparation method; Be under normal temperature, normal pressure and continuous stirring, component A, B component are joined in component C, until each component is dissolved completely, i.e. obtained butter inhibitor for ethylene unit alkaline washing tower.


PURPOSE: An operating method for eyebrow is provided to make abundant and dark eyebrow by naturally dying the hair of eyebrow. CONSTITUTION: An operating method for eyebrow comprises: a washing step(S101) of washing the eyebrow part in order to remove fat and foreign materials; a skin appeasing step(S103) of appeasing the skin by spreading herbal medicine on the washed eyebrow part; and a drug administration step(S105) of administering drug mixed with protein and dyestuffs to the appeased eyebrow part using an operation machine having a needle cartridge.


Two types of Monte Carlo simulation programs for electron-beam excitation processes for a gaseous laser have been developed. One of them : type (A) was used for studying spatial distribution and uniformity of the energy deposition of the electron-beam inside the laser gas. Also the efficiency for energy deposition have been obtaind. E-beam excitation of laser gas from one side results in very nonuniform spatial excitation. Whereas uniform energy deposition is obtained by two-sides excitation or cylindrical excitation.The other program : type (B) treats individual processes of excitations, ionizations, and trajectories of secondary electrons. The average energy to produce an electron-ion pair for argon was determined to be 26.5 eV and 26.9 eV for incidence electron energy of5 keV and 50 keV respectively. For the electron-beam excited KrF laser, the upper laser level is formed about 72% via ions and 28% via excited states.


This article presents a technique for fabricating a modified nasoalveolar molding appliance using 0.032-inch titanium-molybdenum alloy wire for nasal stents incorporating a double loop. The nasal stents are included in the acrylic molding plate at the time the appliance is inserted. The acrylic retention button used in a conventional appliance is replaced by a simple retention hook fabricated using titanium-molybdenum alloy wire. This technique is an effective alternative to a conventional appliance, and it simplifies the appliance-modification process during follow-up visits.


Activity monitoring devices claiming to measure sleep have increased in popularity within research and consumer settings. However, validation studies on many of these devices are lacking. We examined twenty-nine healthy adults (Mage = 32.4, SDage = 11.6) overnight using three activity monitors (Actiwatch Spectrum Pro standard and sensitive settings, Fitbit One, Jawbone UP2) and polysomnography. We evaluated agreement between each device and polysomnography on total sleep time (TST) and sleep efficiency (SE). Clinically meaningful limits of agreement were set at ±30 minutes for TST and ±5% for SE. Each activity monitor overestimated TST and SE compared to polysomnography, and except for Actiwatch Spectrum Pro in sensitive setting, exceeded clinically meaningful agreement limits. Using Actiwatch Spectrum Pro sensitive as the gold standard, both consumer devices overestimated TST and SE, but their mean errors were generally not clinically meaningful (except Fitbit One's error for SE). Actiwatch Spectrum Pro in its sensitive setting may be a valid substitute for polysomnography when measuring TST and SE. Choice of consumer device as an actigraphy replacement will depend on context. Jawbone UP2 shows closer agreement with Actiwatch Spectrum Pro, though Fitbit One demonstrates less variation in TST and SE estimations.


In this study, the effects of antenna types and output powers on charging times of RF energy harvesting circuit were measured and analyzed in detail. A measurement system which consisting of a signal generator, an RF energy harvesting circuit, antennas and other devices was installed for receiving the measurement samples. According to the measurement results, the shortest charging time was obtained as 0.58 s at a distance of 20 cm, when 6.1 dBi antenna was connected to the RF energy harvesting circuit and the output power of the signal generator was set to 17 dBm. In addition to that, the longest charging time was evaluated as 25.01 s at a distance of 60 cm, when 1 dBi antenna was connected to the RF energy harvesting circuit and the output power of the signal generator was adjust to 14 dBm. As a result, it was determined that increasing of antenna gains and output powers and shortening of distances between signal generator and RF energy harvesting circuit decreased the charging times of the RF energy harvesting circuit in this study.


Shifting laws and regulations increasingly displace the centrality of women's needs in the provision of abortion services. Lawmakers and judges contribute to this environment in two ways: by protecting the right of "Crisis Pregnancy Centers" (CPCs) to give false and misleading information about abortion and by supporting legislation mandating that abortion providers give misleading and unnecessary information for the purposes of informed consent. Litigation on informed consent is further complicated through the mobilization of facts — such as the gestational age or sonogram of the fetus — delivered with the intent to dissuade women from accessing abortion. In other words, factual information utilized for ideological purpose. First Amendment litigation has done little to help prioritize women's access to appropriate information about abortion that is calibrated to their needs.


1. Justin Moher, MD*
2. Cherilyn Cecchini, MD*
3. Priti Bhansali, MD*

1. *Pediatrics, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC

A previously healthy 8-year-old girl presents to the emergency department with an 8-day history of intermittent high fevers, vomiting, and right upper quadrant (RUQ) abdominal pain. She was seen on day 2 of illness, diagnosed as having presumptive urinary tract infection due to pyuria, and was prescribed a course of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. After 3 days of continued fevers (102.2°F–104.9°F [39.0°C–40.5°C]) and intermittent RUQ pain, the antibiotic drug course was switched to cefdinir. Her clinical course worsened, with ongoing fever, RUQ pain, vomiting, and development of dehydration, prompting presentation to the emergency department. Her travel history and animal exposure history are unremarkable.

On presentation, her vital signs are significant for a heart rate of 142 beats/min and a temperature of 103.5°F (39.7°C). Her blood pressure and respiratory rate are within the reference ranges for her age. On physical examination, she is noted to have dry mucous membranes and adequate capillary refill. Her abdomen is soft, with normal bowel sounds and mild tenderness to palpation mostly in the RUQ. She does not have any rebound or guarding and has no tenderness over the McBurney point. Murphy, Rovsing, obturator, and psoas signs are all negative. Rectal examination is deferred. Findings from the remainder of the physical examination are normal.

Initial laboratory test results are as follows: white blood cell count, 30,660/μL (30.6×109/L), with 79% neutrophils, 8% lymphocytes, 12% monocytes, and 1% basophils; hemoglobin level, 10 g/dL (100 g/L), with a mean corpuscular volume of …


Relevance. In most cases, modern dentistry can successfully treat gingival recessions, thus achieving both aesthetic and functional goals. Conservative, surgical, orthodontic, instrumental, injection procedures and methods, which help adequately manage the position of the gingival margin according to the cementum-enamel junction and keep the smile beautiful and healthy, primarily preserve teeth. Meanwhile, timely identification of risk factors associated with gingival recession is no less of a priority in the individualized preventive approach to supporting patients at the dentist appointment.Materials and methods. The research was conducted at the Department of Operative Dentistry and Introduction to Dental Diseases of the Ural State Medical University and the Department of Control Systems Modeling of the Ural Federal University in Yekaterinburg. The study examined 60 young adults: 20 men (33.3%) and 40 women (66.7%) who presented to the dentist. The patients were allocated into two groups according to their age. Each group consisted of 30 patients: the first group contained 20 to 24-year -olds and the second group comprised 35 to 44-year -old patients.Results. The analysis of gingival recession risk factors revealed aggressive tooth brushing in 19% subjects of the first group (р ≥ 0.05), poor oral hygiene in 17% cases (vs 19% in the second group (р ≥ 0,05); overhanging restorations – 12% cases (р ≥ 0.05); thin gingival biotype –14% (р ≥ 0,05).Conclusion. Effective customized control of gingival recession risk factors primarily allows normalizing oral hygiene, timely arresting inflammation in the marginal and papillary gingiva, eliminating trauma from tooth brushing and interdental cleaning devices, as well it provides an interdisciplinary approach to patient management at the dental appointment.


Mathematical knowledge and skills are critical in the development of students. In this article, we begin to unpack the concept of mathematics disabilities and how they are presented across classrooms. We explain commonly used terms such as, specific learning disability and dyscalculia, and emphasize how students qualify for math support. We provide overview regarding difficulties students encounter with math and how to support student learning.


Michelle O'Malley and Matthew Helgeson, chemical engineering faculty at the University of California, Santa Barbara, are still adjusting to life under the coronavirus pandemic. For the married prof...


example, if I understood correctly, adjoint sensitivities are calculated only for PD emissions, and only one parameterization scheme is used when discussing about changes in CDNC due to changing primary organics emissions between PI and PD emissions). The authors should bring out more clearly the connections between these two topics, and make sure that the reader can keep track of which parameterization and emission schemes are used when presenting the results (text, tables and figures).


Objective To explore the toxic effects of nanosilver on KM mouse renal cells and MadinDarby canine kidney cells, and to provide experimental supports for producing safe drugs containing nanosilver by assessing the toxicological safety of nanosilver.Methods Our trial was performed according to Sterile Technical Specifications(2002 Edition) issued by China′ s Ministry of Health.Transoral toxic tests, multiple skin stimulation test, repeated vaginal mucous membrane irritation test, and subacute toxicity tests on KM mice were conducted in the mice, so were routine blood test, serum biochemical test, and histopathological examination.Serum silver levels were detected.Results General physiological signs were normal.No effect of nanosilver on the growth of mice was found.No marked abnormalities were found in blood test, serum biochemical markers, histopathological examination, multiple skin stimulation test, and repeated vaginal mucous membrane irritation test in the experimental group and no significant differences were seen as compared with the control group(P 0.05).Conclusions Nanosilver has ideal toxicological safety, has no obvious toxic effect on the body and no irritating effect on the skin and mucous membrane.


The article discusses the study of effect of exogenous glucosamine hydrochloride and chondroitin sulfate on the synthesis of nucleic acids in experimental gingivitis. Experimental model of gingivitis were formed at 40 white Wistar rats, were formed: the control and main groups, further investigated the periodontium in 20 intact animals. Evaluation of the effect of exogenous glucosamine hydrochloride and chondroitin sulfate on the synthesis of nucleic acids in experimental gingivitis conducted at the level of morpho-functional activity of fibroblasts, which was judged by the degree of dispersion of the chromatin. The study found a positive effect of exogenous glucosamine hydrochloride and chondroitin sulfate on the course of experimental gingivitis, which is manifested by increasing the morphofunctional activity of fibroblasts.


Results of galactic deuteron spectrum measurement by means of PAMELA apparatus are described. PAMELA is an international experiment developed for antimatter search and measurement of p,He, electron and positron spectra in wide energy range. In addition, PAMELA allows to identify and measure deuteron spectrum at low energies. In this paper deuteron-to-proton ratio and deuteron spectrum are presented.


Introduction: electrocardiogram (ECG) indices as a valuable tool for the diagnosis depolarization and repolarization of the myocardium are affected by aerobic exercise and detraining. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of 12-week moderate-intensity aerobic exercise and 5 months detraining on electrocardiogram (ECG) indices in post-menopausal women. Methods: Twenty-four post-menopausal women aged 50-70 years were randomly assigned to Exercise (E, n=12) and Control (C, n=12) groups. E group performed of 12 weeks moderate-intensity aerobic exercise program (W-WJMIAEP-R), and then 5 months detraining remained, but the C group participated in no intervention during 8-month. The ECG indices were measured at baseline, after 12-week exercise, and after 5-month detraining. Results: After 12-week in between-groups, ECG indices were not significantly different (P>0.05), except P-R interval (P≤0.05). After 5-month detraining in between-groups were not a significant difference for dependent variables (P>0.05), except P-R segment and S-T interval (P≤0.05). Conclusion: The Results suggest that 12 weeks of W-WJMIAEP-R increases P-R interval in sedentary post-menopausal women that is likely to be effective in preventing heart arrhythmias. The P-R segment and S-T interval decreased significantly after 5 months detraining period that 12 weeks W-WJMIAEP-R induced-ECG positive adaptations such as decrease P-R segment and S-T interval are maintained even after 5-month detraining and consequently prevents the increase in atrial aging process in postmenopausal women.


The refractive index(no) and the birefringence(Δn) of side‐chain liquid‐crystalline copolymers (LCPs) are investigated. Introduction of the second fragment to a cyanobiphenyl derivative unit conducted LCPs to a wide range of optical properties. This technology is expected to be usable on a variety of optical devices.


Partially crystalline structures in thin SiO2 films formed by thermal oxidation of atomically flat Si surface were investigated by performing X-ray reflectometry and grazing incidence X-ray diffraction measurements. The densities of the SiO2 films were higher than those of amorphous SiO2 films, especially at the SiO2/Si interface. The structure of thermally grown SiO2 has been expected to be amorphous, but sharp diffraction peaks were observed in GIXRD measurements. The diffraction peaks tended to reflect a cristobalite-like structure with preferential orientations to the Si substrate. In addition, the lattice spacing of the cristobalite-like structure was estimated from the GIXRD measurement and found to be isotropically distorted. © The Author(s) 2015. Published by ECS. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License (CC BY, http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse of the work in any


With the development of the Internet of Things, embedded devices have become increasingly frequent in people's daily use. However, with the influx of a huge amount of heterogeneous embedded devices, its security has become an important issue. To face with such problems, remote attestation is undoubtedly a suitable security technology. Nevertheless, traditional remote attestation is limited to verifying the performance of devices as large and heterogeneous devices enter daily life. Therefore, this paper proposes a many-to-one swarm attestation and recovery scheme. Besides, the reputation mechanism and Merkel tree measurement method are introduced to reduce the attestation and recovery time of the scheme, and greatly reducing the energy consumption.


Abstract Through comparison of two families, Filipino and American, this essay finds that the axiomatic three-generational cycle of rise and decline, articulated famously by Andrew Carnegie, proved predictive for an American family firm but not for its Filipino counterpart. Over the span of a century, both families followed a surprisingly similar move from agriculture to food processing and then publishing. Thereafter, however, divergent state policies shaped different destinies for these two families. In the United States, impersonal enforcement of state security and economic regulation allowed the unchecked rise of finance capital that consolidated some 2000 US breweries, most of them family owned, into two transnational corporate conglomerates. In the Philippines, by contrast, persistent rent seeking by elite families, combined with personalised, partisan state economic enforcement, has allowed the continuing dominance of family-controlled corporations. Through comparison of two societies with close relations for over a century, we can see how state economic regulation can encourage the eclipse of major family firms in one society and the perpetuation of a political-economic oligarchy in another.


clear aligners are rapidly growing sector of orthodontic treatment. Increased esthetic perception and increased demand for orthodontic care from
adults have contributed to demand for a more esthetic technique for orthodontic treatment. For diagnosis, therapeutic preparation, and designing
the nal occlusal result, clear aligners use digital technology. Clear aligners allow the biomechanics to be optimized by staging tooth movements in
a particular sequence in the software program. The rate of tooth movement can also be modied according to the bone physiology of the individual
by adjusting the scheduled number of days for aligner adjustments, depending on the individual's bone physiology


Inflow projections provide scenarios for future water availability and are integral to operational reservoir management. They can aid water practitioners in decision-making for conservation efforts, multiyear storage retention, managing flood risk, downstream water releases, and regional growth planning. However, conventional methods are often limited in terms of their ability to incorporate non-stationarity, long run persistence, and the cross-correlation of multiple series in a region. This research aims to address these issues with a hybrid approach that integrates Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD) with the Matalas multisite generation method. Multiple long-run inflows were examined for the Shasta/Trinity Reservoirs and Oroville Reservoir of California. EMD is used to decompose each inflow series into a set of independent intrinsic mode functions (IMFs) that have different timescales and frequencies. These IMFs were grouped into intradecadal (less-than- 10-year average periodicity) and interdecadal (greater-than-10-year average periodicity) series for each site. The IMF projections at each site were then combined to produce replicates of the historical data. This preserves the correlation structure of the intra- and interdecadal components of the series. The hybrid EMD-Matalas method was compared to a traditional autoregressive lag-one model. Both methods were found to retain the statistical characteristics of the historical data. However, the EMD-Matalas method retained the multiyear wet and dry periods to a greater degree. This was examined by comparing the 5-year and 10-year sums from the traditional model with the hybrid EMD-Matalas model. An advantage of the EMD-Matalas method is the ability to explicitly incorporate modes of non-stationary long-run persistence often associated with large-scale climate drivers such as the El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO) or the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO). This contributes to scenario planning that may be particularly important for managing multiyear low flow periods.


Carbon pricing not only regulates the flow of emissions, but also collects rents from underlying fossil resource stocks. Assuming that these stocks are tradable, carbon pricing shifts aggregate investment towards alternative assets. If capital is underaccumulated, this implies lower gross costs of climate policy and a welfare improvement. We prove that under an emission trading scheme, such a beneficial macroeconomic portfolio effect between fossil fuel stocks and capital is induced if not all permits are allocated for free. We also analyze the impact of alternative policy instruments: first, a carbon tax also induces a portfolio effect, but cannot simultaneously implement a given mitigation path and collect an arbitrary share of the rent. Second, the right to recurrently receive a share of total emission permits could be treated as a tradable asset. This yields the same results as a conventional emission trading scheme, but improves the robustness of the macroeconomic portfolio effect of climate policy in real-world settings. ∗(Corresponding author) Technical University of Berlin and Mercator Research Institute of Global Commons and Climate Change, Torgauer Str. 12-15, D-10829 Berlin, E-Mail: firstname.lastname@example.com, Phone: 0049-(0)30-3385537-222. †Technical University of Berlin and Mercator Research Institute on Global Commons and Climate Change. E-Mail: firstname.lastname@example.com ‡Technical University of Berlin, Mercator Research Institute on Global Commons and Climate Change and Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research. E-Mail: firstname.lastname@example.com


©2021 Guilan University of Medical Science ABSTACT Introduction: Nursing knowledge and profession will not develop well; if the quality of the doctoral program of nursing is not systematically examined Quality of the program needs to reviewing and evaluating the programs periodically by the Internal and External Quality Assurance Committee. In this regards, this comparative study of educational system of nursing doctorate in Iran and Duke University has been done. Methods: This descriptive-comparative study was conducted in 2020. The four-stage Bereday model include description, interpretation, proximity and comparison were used to compare the nursing educational system in Iran and Duke University. After collecting data, the data were classified and compared. Results: Although Duke University and Iran curricula have similarities in philosophy, job position, course content, teaching techniques, and student evaluation, there are differences in both curricula, including the use of nursing metaparadigms. In the curriculum of Duke University, all four metaparadigms of nursing have been discussed but in the curriculum of Iran, two metaparadigms have been mentioned. How to admit students and manner of education are the other subjects. Educational techniques and job position are among the similarities between the two educational programs, but the most important differences between them are educational content and way of admitting students. Conclusion: Although the new curriculum of the Doctor of Nursing has tried to pay attention to the clinic in addition to educational programs, but the recent curriculum in Iran, despite all its efforts to train clinical staff, is more educational and requires another curriculum to train clinical staff. However, in the curriculum of Duke University, nursing Ph. D education course separate from doctorate clinical nursing. Therefore, It is suggested to initiate a specialized clinical doctorate course in the coming years and separate it from training course which have different goals.


Gyorgy Lukacs's outstanding contribution to realistic literary theory is reflected in his discussion of the two concepts—totality and reflection—in the scope of realistic literary theory.Totality is the ideological center;reflection represents the rational law of realism.His understanding of totality and reflection is derived from his artistic humanitarianism.Both reflect the main features of realistic literary theory.They are also the key to the proper understanding of realistic literary theory.


Ceiling shapes for concert halls are proposed that, on the basis of prior extensive subjective evaluations, should result in high listener preference of the hall's acpistoca; response to music. These shapes are based on the premise that as little as possible of the early sound energy should arrive at a listener's ears in the ''median'' plane (the vertical symmetry plane through the listener). While this goal is inherently approached in old‐style, high‐and‐narrow halls, its realization in modern, low‐ceiling halls requires special ceiling shapes and surface structures to keep early, median‐plane sound away from the listener's ears.


Nowadays, all levels of society in every country are greatly interested in human rights. Since the human rights are organized in the social relationship, the rights of the socially vulnerable class have been mentioned frequently, compared to those of the strong. With the number of senior citizens that needs to be 'care(recuperate)' increasing because of population aging, it is the time to look more closely into the question of the senior human rights. And yet, only some parts of the political world and academia are aware that the seniors are the human being with the human rights while most of the society considers them to be dependent. With such reason, the research investigated the international regulations related to the rights of senior citizens in pursuit of developing new awareness of the seniors' rights as well as expanding the idea all over the society. The study specifically determined how Korean government is involved in institutionalizing the rights of the senior citizens while comparing to the United Nations Principles for Older Persons on independence, participation, care, self-fulfillment, and dignity. The results of the investigation presented a good deal of progress in how Korean government institutionalizes the senior's rights security. First of all, the government is defining the rights of senior citizens through various policies such as the old people's welfare regulations, the convenience improvement rules for the disabled, the seniors and pregnant women, the insurance for the elderly's long-term recuperation, the aging-friendly industry promotion law, the fundamental law of low fertility and aging society, the basic aging pension act, and lastly, the age discrimination prohibition and the senior citizen employment act. Even for the independence, participation, dignity, and self-fulfillment, the government turned out to have a fairly good rights security regulation. Nevertheless, for the 'care', the government needs to work harder to develop the social interests and the existing policy. Since more number of senior citizens are expected to register at facilities, the policy conference is definitely required to come up with more theories that strongly insist that facilities guarantee the seniors the liberty, privacy, protection and self-determination over their own life.


In this paper, a fault identification algorithm for motors is proposed. The Adversarial Auto-Encoder is adopted as the main structure of deep neural network, extracting the latent vectors of input signals. The latent vectors obey the designed prior distribution instead of random distribution in the traditional Auto-Encoder. The structure of neural network is improved to be non-fully-connected for data fusion, which improves the stability and reliability of fault identification. To solve the diverge training problem and accelerate the training processing, a cyclic training method with variable learning rate is proposed for the non-fully-connected network. Finally, the algorithm is testified by open source data of bearing fault motor whose current and vibration signal are fused for fault identification. The proposed algorithm has the ability to determine the fault type with accuracy reaching 85%, 10% much higher than the traditional machine learning models.


The myelographic diagnosis of expanding processes in the spinal cord is discussed. Expanding lesions in the spinal cord may be either solid or cystic. With the use of gas myelography it is possible to differentiate between cystic and solid lesions. With the method for gas myelography hitherto used it has been possible to establish whether a process is cystic, but it has not always been possible to ascertain the exact upper or lower limits of the cyst. The author has therefore worked out a modified technique for gas myelography which permits such an assessment at one and the same examination and which also has the advantage of being applicable after a lumbar puncture alone and without the use of high pressures. This study has shown that hydromyelia has a classic roentgen appearance. The cyst in these cases is flaccid and easily compressible. The cranial portion of the hydromyelic cyst extends to the foramen magnum and has a typical waistlike appearance. It was noted that cystic neoplasms had a markedly different appearance from hydromyelic cysts. A technique for percutaneous puncture of spinal cord cysts has been described. This permits cyst drainage and analysis of its contents. Injection of gas into the cyst permits an exact study of the inner outline of the cyst and an evaluation of the thickness of the wall. Unnecessary operations can be avoided by an accurate evaluation of spinal cord cystic lesions with gas myelography supplemented with spinal cord cyst punctures.


For more than 30 years, III-V materials and associated transistors or integrated circuits aroused of numerous studies to achieve today an industrial reality with the availability of a panel of high performance technologies. For the development of these III-V technologies, there was no established roadmap; the line of sight was essentially the increase of the operating frequency limit (more than 300GHz) either for ultra low noise high frequency (HF) electronics, or for high power HF electronics. The interest carried to these technologies results from two fundamental aspects: the incredible variety of materials presenting excellent electronic characteristics and the discovery of the exceptional properties of heterojunctions allowing the engineering of energy bands. Four main types of III-V material systems have been investigated: GaAs, InP (InGaAs channel), InAs and a little less InSb. The main physical parameters of such materials are summarized.


The observed decrease in local mode anharmonicity with increasing methyl substitution in butane is related to a change in potential energy along a methyl CH-stretching coordinate. The potential energy change is modeled by Lennard-Jones 6-12 and Morse potentials and the resultant potential parameters are discussed.


The utility model provides a vibrating mechanism of a vibrating feeder to solve the problem that the operating requirement of the vibrating feeder cannot be met by the current vibrating mechanism, and relates to the field of feeding equipment for industrial and mining production. The vibrating mechanism of the vibrating feeder comprises a vibrating case body of which the side is fixedly provided with a vibrating motor; the lower end of the vibrating case body is supported on a base by the vibrating mechanism; the vibrating mechanism of the vibrating feeder is characterized in that the vibrating mechanism comprises a vibrating spring; the upper end of the vibrating spring is inserted into a spring upper fixed link downwards; and the lower end of the vibrating spring is inserted into a spring lower fixed link upwards. Compared with the current vibrating mechanism, the vibrating mechanism of the vibrating feeder has the advantages of simple structure, high shock resistance and flexibility in vibration, and is suitable for the vibrating feeder.


Abstract In this paper, motivated by a real data example about borderline overian tumors, we study a two-dimension dynamic panel models with confounding individual effect for modeling binary panel data. We propose using the maximum likelihood estimation method to estimate the model parameters. The properties of the maximum likelihood estimators are studied. The performance of the proposed estimation method is studied by using a Monte Carlo simulation study. The proposed model and estimation methods are illustrated by the real data example.


Process models are used by information professionals to convey semantics about the business operations in a real-world domain that are intended to be supported by an information system. The understandability of these models is vital to them actually being used. Until now, understandability has primarily been defined as an intrinsic quality of the models themselves. In this paper we conceptualize model understandability as an emergent property and advance an integrative framework to understand the role of the user in the process of understanding process models. Building on cognitive psychology, student learning theory and multimedia learning theory, we identify important factors during the presage and process stages of learning, and hypothesize their contributions to realizing domain understanding from a process model. Through an empirical study, we provide evidence that cognitive abilities, learning style and learning approach influence the development of domain understanding. We detail implications for theory and practice.


Participatory evaluation can be an essential tool for community-based organizations in tailoring programs to the needs of the populations they serve. This article provides a case study of Salud Sí, a promotora-driven health promotion program designed to encourage physical activity, fruit and vegetable consumption, and stress reduction among Mexican American women. Through a partnership between a community health center and an academic institution, we describe how the participatory evaluation framework is applied over a 10-year period throughout the stages of program development, implementation, and sustainability. Partners used the results to identify the essential elements of the health promotion program.


The lightweight high heat conductive composite material disclosed in the present invention is characterized in containing the following components in weight percentages of: 50-95% of graphite powder, 1-45% of heat conductive nanometer material, and 4-5% of macromolecule binding agent; and the sum of the above components is 100%. The preparation method comprises the steps of: weighing graphite powder and heat conductive nanometer material according to the weight percentages, putting into a enclosed container, mixing while adding macromolecule binding agent, and standing for 0.5-24 hours; drying and making into base substrate; and thermoforming with the pressure over 8 MPa, at temperature above 200 degrees centigrade, in vacuum or under protection of argon, hydrogen or nitrogen. The invention has the advantages of simple preparation process, short production cycle, wide raw material source, and low cost; the obtained composite material finished product has low density, high mechanical strength, high thermal conductivity and no micro-crack inside material.


A study is made on the effect that various lifetime killing techniques have on: a) the steady state charge distributions within power rectifiers, on b) the open circuit decay of these distributions, and on c) the reverse recovery waveforms for these rectifiers. The charge distributions are measured by free-carrier infrared absorptiont and the results are compared to curves obtained by computer solution of the equations governing charge flow within semiconductors.


The present invention relates to their preparation and beverage cans having a laminated top, before the can is more is prepared, it is attached to the cylinder by attaching a laminate in a plate of metal, beverage can having a laminated top it relates. Contents of the can is achieved by the laminate is attached prior to being filled. Layers of the laminate is attached to the entire beverage cans, drinker beverage is given a shallow score line for facilitating peeling by hand to it. .FIELD 3B


Pedestrian detection is one of the challenging research topics in computer vision and efficient feature representation of a pedestrian attracts more and more attention. Traditional features such as Histogram of Oriented Gradients (HOG) were widely used in pedestrian detection, but because of their poor texture description ability, these feature based methods cannot achieve satisfactory pedestrian detection results. In this paper, the Local Ternary Patterns (LTP) is introduced into pedestrian detection, and a new feature, named Sqrt-LTP feature, is proposed by finding the square root of LTP feature. Experimental results on INRIA database set show that our Sqrt-LTP feature based pedestrian detection method can achieve more robust performance than both traditional HOG and LTP based approaches, indicating that the proposed Sqrt-LTP feature is a more discriminative feature and can be used for texture classification.


The dependences of the ultrasound velocity and absorption factor in aqueous micellar solutions on the concentration of amphiphilic molecules and temperature were studied. These studies made it possible to assume a dynamic microheterogeneous structure of micelles, with the fractions of crystalline and liquid domains in them depending on the degree of electrolytic dissociation of the micelles.


The article describes the religious situation in the 19th-century England with special emphasis on the position of Anglicanism and Catholicism. First, it examines the situation of the Church of England with its rise of the Oxford Movement and transformation of Anglicanism into a worldwide community. Subsequently, the paper describes the renaissance of Catholicism in the new circumstances following the enactment of Catholic Emancipation Bill . Finally, it mentions the first attempts at a dialogue between Anglicans and Catholics. All these historical developments are shown in the context of life and conversion of John Henry Newman.


Background and applications MAM is a patient-centered acuity system based on objective physiologic measures mined from the electronic health record (EHR). MAM translates existing data into recognizable patterns that can be displayed to the clinician. The MAM is designed for use throughout a facility, rather than on a specific unit or specialty area, and allows comparisons among units and facilities regardless of location. It's intended to provide a common lens through which clinicians can view individual patients across multiple specialties. It can also be applied to specific requirements for resource planning and utilization within existing workflow patterns. MAM is an assessment tool developed by the author from existing literature. MAM mines existing EHR reporting tools and is easily incorporated into daily workflow. The model can also enhance interprofessional communication by generating a common operating picture of patient acuity. MAM framework The framework for the MAM includes four concepts from the American Association of Critical Care Nurses (AACN) Synergy Model for Patient Care: • complexity (the entanglement of two or more systems) • stability (the ability to maintain equilibrium) • vulnerability (susceptibility to stressors) • resiliency (the capacity to return to higher function after insult). The AACN Synergy Model recognizes that all patients have similar needs across the continuum from health to illness. In this model, complexity and stability identify the degree of physiologic dysfunction. Vulnerability and resiliency measure the patient's ability to adapt to physiologic dysfunction and identifies the risk of future decline. In the MAM tool, these four concepts are measured by 17 individual objective parameters. The MAM values are based on a simple rubric: A normal score is zero, with any deviation from 1 to 3 for each measure depending on the variable and degree of dysfunction. All scores are positive, meaning that a higher score equals a higher acuity. In the MAM scoring methodology, the absence of a value results in a score of zero. The intent is to treat missing data the same whether the omission is a conscious decision or an error (such as a data query error). Multiple data sampling points over time help normalize the patient's MAM score. The MAM is a multidisciplinary tool derived from evidence-based studies and various objective measures. The objective measures were selected because of their presence in more than one tool, or more than one evidence-based study in several different disciplines. Collection of these objective measures and physiologic parameters is nearly universal in inpatient facilities.


Multinational firms are undeniably confronted with great competition and must make strategic choices to increase their profit and ensure their sustainability. The geographical choice of subsidiaries or the relocation of existing ones to other countries are among the crucial decisions of the supply chain management and have a significant impact on the company's portfolio. These types of decisions are often motivated by logistical advantages, as well as by the tax discount offered by host countries. Through this article we present an analytical model of decision making tool for the geographical choice of subsidiaries taking into account the financial constraints of potential destinations. Through a case study, we evaluate the impact of financial policies and specially the transfer pricing policies on the choice of subsidiaries and the amount of manufacturing capacity to relocate. The established model will be a powerful tool for decision-making concerning the delocalization of subsidiaries.


Abstract Farmers stock peanuts containing either 0% loose-shelled kernels (LSK) and 0% foreign material (FM), 5% LSK-10% FM, or 10% LSK-20% FM were sprayed with 20 PPM pirimiphos-methyl. Peanut sam...


Thermochemical kinetics: methods for the estimation of thermochemical data and rate parameters , Thermochemical kinetics: methods for the estimation of thermochemical data and rate parameters , مرکز فناوری اطلاعات و اطلاع رسانی کشاورزی


Appreciating the humorous side of life helps children to develop 'social competence' and gives them resilience and self-esteem. Undoubtedly it is one of the most fascinating areas of child development.


In this work, sulfonated melamine-functionalized Fe3O4@SiO2@Si-(CH2)3@melamine nanoparticles were prepared through a simple approach and characterized by energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), and infrared (IR). The catalytic activity of the synthesized catalyst was investigated in the synthesis of 4,4'-(aryl methylene)bis(3-methyl-1H-pyrazol-5-ol)s and hexahydroquinolines (HHQs) via the one-pot reactions under solvent-free conditions. Short reaction time, waste to wealth, high yield, and solvent-free conditions are the most important benefits of the present work.


The atmospheric delay effect due to water vapor is one of the limitations for the accurate surface displacement detection by Synthetic Aperture Radar Interferometry (InSAR). Many previous studies have attempted to mitigate the neutral atmospheric delay in InSAR (e.g. Jolivet et al. 2014; Foster et al. 2006). Li et al. (2009) used the precipitable water vapor (PWV) product derived from MERIS/MODIS satellites and found that the PWV-based delay model effectively reduced the InSAR phase delay. Here we showed a preliminary result of the newly developed method for the neutral atmospheric delay correction using the PWV estimates derived from Himawari-8 Japanese geostationary meteorological satellite data.


In linear theory the formation of extreme waves their existence is interpreted as a local superposition of surface monochromatic waves. Natural water areas are resonators that have their own set of natural oscillations – standing waves of stable spatial structure and fixed period. In the spectra of waves of many water bodies of World Ocean observed double high waves, this is explained by the tidal-seiche resonance. During a storm, the energy of natural oscillations increases ten times the background energy, during a tsunami it can increase up to three orders of magnitude. Examples of the effects of natural oscillations on the coast are given, and it is reported about the increased probability of the occurrence on the coast freak waves. Additionally, it is noted that natural oscillations in water mass are a normal state for any body of water at any time of its existence. The corresponding indices of the water fluctuations of the water basins are given. The events of extreme waves during the accidents at DniproHES (Zaporizhia) on August 18, 1941, and the Kurenivsky dam (Kyiv) on March 13, 1961, are presented.
The excitement of the freak wave can be interpreted as enhancing the natural oscillations of the water basin, represented by standing waves of stable spatial structure, fixed period and high probability of waves in the water body. This does not contradict the linear theory of the resonant formation of abnormally high waves.
The purpose of the article is to investigate possible sources of the excitement of freak waves, the results are proposed to be implemented in the development of countermeasures to the destructive process. However, the waves carry out both destructive and creative work. A task is presented, which involves the development of measures to stimulate extreme waves. This will increase electricity generation.
Affiliation of dam-break waves to freak waves can be doubtful. However, they formally correspond to the classical condition of double exceeding the significant wave height. Most water basins are integral anthropogenic sites. The variability of both natural and anthropogenic environments forces the overriding of systematization and definition. It is proposed to attribute extreme waves of dam-break waves to freak waves.


In general, in one aspect, the invention features a system that includes an illumination system of a microlithography tool, the illumination system including a first component (400) having a plurality of elements (401). During operation of the system, the elements direct radiation from a source along an optical path to an arc-shaped object field at an object plane of a projection objective, and at least one of the elements (410) has a curved shape that is different from the arc-shape of the object field.


Little published information exists on either the biology or environmental impact of feral goats in mainland Australia. The information published k-g. Holst and Pym 1977; Smith et al. 1973) indicates that feral goats are able to produce usable quantities of meat and/or fibre. Studies on environmental impact are being carried out in at least two environments (Henzell pers. comm.; Mahood (deceased) pers. comm.). Others, for example Harrington (1979), Kajons and Holst (1977), have provided data on environmental effects of domesticated goats of feral origin in some locations.


The noun can be the predicate directly, this is one of the main differences between Chinese and Indo-european languages. The study to nominal predicate sentence of Chinese goes through whether the noun can be the predicate or not, how about it will be the predicate, why it can be the predicate three stages. From the three stages we can find the process from description to explanation.


Current modulation of a laser diode (LD) may lead to pulse chirping effects at wavelengths matched to the bandgap wavelength. From this point of view, the intracavity pump LD yields some compromise: the phase modulation may be sufficiently high to mode-lock the fiber laser, however chirping is low at the signal wavelength. This method has recently been demonstated to achieve active modelocking in an Er3+-doped fiber laser with a 980-nm laser diode acting as pump source and phase modulator.1,2 However, pulse duration (≈400 ps) was limited by the low depth of phase modulation since the index change decreases for wavelengths far from the band-gap wavelength. It is expected that the level of phase modulation will be higher with 1.48-p.m MQW LDs because their bandgap wavelength is closer to the operating wavelength of the Er-doped fiber laser.


Disclosed herein is a method for providing priority Diameter routing node, systems, and computer-readable media. An exemplary method includes receiving a Diameter Diameter message from the first node in a Diameter message at a processor associated therewith and DSR. The method further comprises the Diameter message at a processor is assigned a priority level indicator to the Diameter message. The method further comprises having the priority level of the indicator to the second Diameter Diameter message routing node. Second exemplary method comprises receiving at the DSR Diameter message processor associated priority level indicator comprises a Diameter Diameter message from the first node. The second method further comprising the Diameter message at a processor at least in part on the priority level included in the Diameter message indicator in the routing action applied to the Diameter message.


In this study, we have investigated the effects of space charge on the conduction current with the variation of applied time of electric field in polymer insulators. Until now, most of established measuring systems for space charge distribution in polymer insulators are intended to measure space charge profile only. However, we have successfully measured both space charge distribution and conduction current simultaneously by modifying the PEA method. Such a simultaneous measurement system can reduce the problems which may be happened due to infinitesimal change of interface conditions when measuring both separately. Besides, this system has advantages in analyzing the effects of preformed space charge on electrical characteristics directly and in investigating the direct correlation between space charge and conduction characteristics under various times. Also, we tried an experiment to use piezoelectric sensor named PZT(PbZrTiO3) to improve the signal of space charge in this measurement system. From this experiment, we have known the variation of conduction current characteristic due to the existence of space charge in XLPE.


Intense challenges confront the profession of social work at the beginning of the new century. Time-honored practice theories and concepts are being vigorously challenged by a growing critique of the Eurocentric, hegemonic assumptions embedded in traditionally established practice. The vast social and cultural diversity that forms the current context of practice has challenged the " myth of sameness " (Kadushin, 1990) underlying the historic social work tradition @ a tradition rooted in the universalist assumption that practice theories are broadly applicable to all persons because " deep down we are all the same " (Pinderhuges, 1989:24). Calls for diversity-inclusive theorizing and research have been met by unprecedented scholarly efforts directed towards conceptualizing " cultural competence " and formulating practice guidelines for working with diverse populations (e. A common theme in almost all conceptualizations of culturally competent practice is the need for practitioners to gain a deep and profound understanding of the " worldview " or " cultural frame of reference " of the client. Yet to be fully articulated, however, is a clear conceptual framework and attendant practice principles to guide the process of negotiating this kind of understanding in social work encounters. Awaiting renewed attention is what McGoldrick (1996) calls that most basic of social work questions: " How can we understand those who are different from ourselves? " In the traditional practice literature, empathy has long been offered as a primary means of facilitating interpersonal understanding across difference @ a way of stepping into another's world and attempting to see and experience things from the other's point of view. Although empathy is identified in most classic and contemporary social work practice texts as a sine qua non of the helping relationship (e., the idea that practitioners can put themselves into the shoes of the other is increasingly seen as presumptuous. Devore and Schlesinger (1996), for example, question the degree to which practitioners can empathically identify with clients whose life experiences may be " vastly different " than their own (p.25). Ibrahim (1991) questions whether traditional means of establishing and conveying empathy are appropriate with all cultural groups. The focus in traditional empathy theory on " feelings " rather than " cultural meanings " has been critiqued (Green, 1995), as has the inattention to the cultural and sociopolitical context of


Objective It is to discuss the influence and clinical curative effect of Tongxinluo capsule on plasma CD62P in patients with migraine.Methods Treatment group which included 38 migraines patients was given Tongxinluo capsule two grains a time and three times a day for six weeks.The plasma CD62P level was detected with flow cytometer before and after treatment,and the electroencephalogram(EEG) change was observed.35 out-patient clinic health persons were chosen as control group at the same time.Results The plasma CD62P level and EEG abnormity rate in treatment group before treatment were obviously higher than those in control group(P0.01),and those in treatment group after treatment were still higher than those in control group(P0.05),but obviously lower than those before treatment(P0.01).Conclusion Tongxinluo capsule can repress the abnormity of blood platelets activate function in migraine patients,has good curative effect on migraine.


My degree project At Peace on The Carpet and Curious in The Garden Pond evolves around the memory of a specific place of my personal past and the issues of translating a poetic inner memory into a ...


OBJECTIVE To investigate the chemical constituents of Melia toosendan.METHODS The chemical constituents were isolated by various column chromatographic methods and structurally elucidated by spectral evidences.RESULTS Sixteen compounds were obtained and identified as epipinoresinol(1),clemaphenol A(2),medioresinol(3),(±)balanophonin(4),evofolin- B(5),quercetin(6),isoquercitrin(7),rutin(8),ferulic acid(9),p-hydroxybenzaldehyde(10),coniferylaldehyde(11),syringic acid (12),isovanillic acid(13),p-hydroxybenzoic acid(14),5-hydroxymethyl-fuffural(15)and cirsiumaldehyde(16).CONCLUSION Compound 6 was firstly isolated from this plant while other compounds were isolated from this genus for the first time.


The relative scattering losses due to rough rib sidewalls in GaAs/AsGaAs single and double heterostructure rib waveguides are investigated theoretically. The authors find that double heterostructures exhibit at least as much scattering loss as single heterostructures, provided that such comparisons are made among structures with comparable bend performance. >


PURPOSE: A culture medium composition containing gold ions is provided to be used for cultivating all kinds of mushrooms. CONSTITUTION: A culture medium is manufactured by the following steps: mixing 30 wt% scattered straws (or peel of soybean, sawdust of black oak, sawdust of poplar tree, sawdust of Douglas fir, sawdust of poplar tree), 10 wt% bean-curd dregs, 15 wt% rice bran, 5 wt% dried poultry waste powder, 3 wt% calcium hydroxide powder, 2 wt% plaster powder, 5 wt% cotton, 5 wt% arrow-root root powder, 15 wt% microalgae powder, 15 wt% coffee sediment powder, 5 wt% residue of herb medicine powder; diluting 1-10ppm of 20-35nano colloidal gold having concentration of 1000ppm with water 65 wt% of the culture medium weight to make the concentration be 1-10ppm; aging the mixture by dispersing and mixing at intervals of two days for 15 days; and sterilizing the mixture with steam at 100-120°C for 5-10 hours. A cultivation method using the culture medium comprises the following steps: filling up a plastic bottle or plastic bag with about 700gm of the manufactured culture media and injecting mushroom starters; culturing the starters at 20-21°C in 67% humidity for 15-35 days; growing at 14-15°C in 85% humidity after germinating at 16-17°C in 95% humidity for 10 days. The mushrooms include pleurotus eryngii, lentinus edodes, button mushroom(Agaricus bisporus (J. Lange)Sing), oyster mushroom(Pleurotus ostreatus), Auricularia auricula(Hook) Underw, Hericium erinaceum, Hydnum erinaceum Fr., Flammulina velutipes.


We discuss the diagnosis and management of a case of generalized granuloma annulare (GA) occurring in a 49-year-old man when being treated with pegylated interferon-alfa for hepatitis C infection. In our case, the GA lesions remained despite an undetectable hepatitis C viral load. The GA resolved only with treatment cessation.


This article addresses the need for speech pathologists and audiologists to develop knowledgeable awareness of primary and secondary health factors that affect the aging population. The inter‐relationship between normal age‐rated changes and pathological aging is not always clear. Factors that affect diagnosis can be physical, sensory, or cognitive in nature. The role of the clinician as a facilitator for providing management approaches and services to the elderly and their families is defined. The utilization of contributing physical, social, and psychological factors is considered in developing serviceable programs for the older person in our society.