The pulp and paper industry traditionally has generated electricity to meet a portion of its own needs but has not sold much power to electric utilities. Under the new regulatory environment of the Public Utility Regulatory Policies Act of 1978 (PURPA), maximizing cogeneration and selling power can be profitable. Industry knows the technology well and can use cogeneration to cut production costs. Historically, utility buy-back rates for cogenerated electricity have been very low. Depending on location and electrical need, buy-back rates have been between 53% and 100% of a mill's purchased power cost. Because of PURPA and the electric utility industry's recent difficulties in selling bonds, these rates are being adjusted upward. The pulp and paper industry, despite its skepticism, should take a new look at negotiating avoided costs under simultaneous buy-sell agreements with utilities. (Refs. 8).


After analyzes the current situation of the de-excitation protection for Hydrogenerators.It presents redundant de-excitation protection problem,and introduces the system which is make up of DMX(Machinery field breaker)DDL(Electronic break er),and ZnO(Nonlinear resistor) in detail.


Search for effective catalysts for butane reforming was made to produce liquid hydrocarbon fuels. Butane was chosen as a representative of lower paraffins. Ga-loaded HZSM-5 with a high aluminium content was found to be one of the best catalysts. On a 1wt% Ga-loaded HZSM-5 (Si/Al=20) catalyst, the conversion of butane and the fraction of aromatics in the products were 88% and 62 C-%, respectively. It was found that Ga supported on HZSM-5 by impregnation or Ga introduced into the crystal framework of ZSM-5 type zeolite showed catalytic activity for dehydrogenation. Based on the series of reactions-from butane decomposition to aromatics formation-, it was proposed that dehydrogenation of cycloparaffins and cycloolefins was effectively promoted by Ga, and that other reactions, such as cracking, polymerization, and cyclization, were catalyzed by the acid sites on the zeolite.


The sand dune scrub of the coast of Yucat6n, M6xico has only been studied for the last ten years (e.g., Espejel 1984, I 986, Rodriguez 1984, Ayora 1988). The vegetation is composed of species that have several phytogeographical origins such as Antillean, Neotropical, and Lesser North American. Two species of palms with Antillean affinity form an important part of the sand dune coastal ecosystems of Yucatan. They are Thrinax radiata Lodd ex J. A. & J. M. Schult. and. Coccothrinax readii Quero. T. radiata (Figs. 1,3) is widely distributed in Cuba, Jamaica, Hispaniola, Florida, Yucat6n Peninsula and Belize (Read 1975.


Introduction: Millions of Americans are at risk for amputation from severe peripheral arterial disease (PAD) when surgery is not possible. Pro-regenerative and angiogenic agents may improve outcome...


The methanation of carbon monoxide over Ni/Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/ has been studied at atmospheric pressure and in the temperature range of 180-240/sup 0/C using a once-through flow reactor at small conversions. When the steady-state reaction in CO/H/sub 2/ was switched to H/sub 2/ alone, a large peak of methane and smaller peak of higher hydrocarbons were obtained. Considerable H/sub 2/O was also obtained indicating the presence of substantial chemisorbed CO. The methane response is composed of two parts: a sharp reactive peak followed by a long tailing part. Separate transient experiments, involving CO/H/sub 2/, CO/He, and C/sub 2/H/sub 4//He, indicate that the tailing part of the response is associated with chemisorbed CO and the sharp, reactive peak is associated with free carbon.


In this thesis we present three projects that focus on natural language processing of named entities in text data, specifically for scenarios and domains where rare and out-of-vocabulary (OOV) words are problematic. First, we present work on the discovery of the language of origin of a named entity. This has applications in speech and language processing tasks, such as text-to-speech synthesis, since language of origin can help predict pronunciation of OOV words. Word origin recognition has also been studied for demographics and life sciences as a component in the collection of ethnicity data. Previous research has applied supervised machine learning methods to automate this task, but this requires a set of hand-labeled training data for each language represented in the model. Hand-labeled data may be expensive to acquire, and additionally the set of origin languages may not be known a priori. We consider how active learning can be applied to minimize the amount of annotated data needed to train a successful supervised model. We also apply word origin modeling to grapheme-to-phoneme (G2P) conversion of US surnames, using both supervised and unsupervised approaches.
Finally, we present work in biomedical text mining, where we examine named entity tagging of disease mentions in biomedical text. We extract morphology information from disease terms to be included as features in a Conditional Random Field model. We also show how biomedical disease terms can be decompounded into their component stem parts. Morphology information is acquired with the Linguistica toolkit for unsupervised learning of morphology, which has the advantage that a hand-segmented training set is not required for feature extraction.


ABSTRACT Are human rights a core value of US foreign policy? If so, how does the United States enforce human rights standards? Extant studies maintain that mass media, public opinion, and/or political concerns drive US decisions to engage in humanitarian military interventions. In this study, we explore the extent to which "human rights institutionalization" through the State Department's human rights reporting affects the likelihood of US humanitarian interventions. We find that human rights institutionalization is a viable, and perhaps even the best, explanation for the robust connection between human rights violations and deployment of the US military. These findings suggest that the United States is willing to undertake costly action to enforce international standards of human rights, but with some important caveats. Overall, we provide large-N, quantitative support for the broader shifts in US humanitarian intervention described by qualitative scholars and experts in US strategy and security policy.


In this work we consider a stabilized Lagrange multiplier method in order to approxi- mate the Coulomb frictional contact model in linear elastostatics. The particularity of the method is that no discrete inf-sup condition is needed. We study the existence and the uniqueness of solution of the discrete problem.


For this study, we modeled the spread and mortality of COVID-19 throughout the city of Chicago. By incorporating group frailty into a classic SEIR infectious disease model, we were able to differentiate the population of Chicago by their response to COVID-19. Three age groups with different COVID-19-induced death rates were examined, and the model sought to showcase the multiplicative deviation of each age group death rate from the average disease-induced death rate. This adjustment for different death rates among age groups accounted for heterogeneity within the population, and sought to introduce a more accurate manner for modeling the spread of infectious diseases.


Objective: Quantify the utility of pre-operative deep brain stimulation (DBS) interdisciplinary assessments on preventing unintended hospitalizations and improving quality of life (QOL).
Background:
Most DBS expert centers utilize interdisciplinary screening to determine DBS candidates, however no data exists quantifying the utility of this practice. We review the outcomes of the UF interdisciplinary model that utilizes evaluations from seven specialties to pre-operatively assess DBS candidates.
Design/Methods:
The UF INFORM database was queried for PD patients who had DBS implantations performed between January 2011 and February 2013. Records were reviewed to uncover unintended hospitalizations. As part of the interdisciplinary pre-operative screening, seven specialties independently evaluated DBS candidates and minor and major concerns were quantified. Clinical outcomes were assessed through the use of validated questionnaires.
Results:
164 cases were evaluated for possible DBS candidacy and 133 subjects were approved following interdisciplinary screening for DBS surgery (81.1 [percnt]). There were 28 cases (21.1[percnt]) experiencing unintended hospitalizations within the first 12 months following DBS. Patients identified as having major or minor concerns from any specialty service had more unintended hospitalizations (92.9[percnt]) when compared to those without concerns (7.1 [percnt]). The majority of unintended hospitalizations (82.1[percnt]) were not directly related to the DBS itself. When the preoperative concern shifted from "major" to "minor" to "no concerns," the rate of hospitalization decreased from 88.9[percnt] to 33.3[percnt] to 2.9[percnt], respectively. There was a strong association between subjects with the smallest PDQ-39 improvements at 12 months and increased hospitalizations. Falls and infections were not related to unintended hospitalizations or to interdisciplinary screening.
Conclusions: There was correlation between the number of minor and major concerns raised by a seven specialty interdisciplinary pre-operative DBS screening and unintended hospitalizations and QOL scores. Our data supports the importance of interdisciplinary teams in the care of the DBS patient. Disclosure: Dr. Morita has nothing to disclose. Dr. Higuchi has nothing to disclose. Dr. Topiol has nothing to disclose. Dr. Bowers has nothing to disclose. Dr. Ward has nothing to disclose. Dr. Warren has nothing to disclose. Dr. DeFranco has nothing to disclose. Dr. Troche has nothing to disclose. Dr. Kulkarni has nothing to disclose. Dr. Foote has received personal compensation for activities with Medtronic as an advisory board member. Dr. Okun has received royalty payments from Demos, Humana, Amazon, Smashwords, Books4Patients, and Cambridge. Dr. Okun has received research support from the Michael J. Fox Foundation, the National Parkinson Foundation, the Parkinson Alliance, the Smallwo


In the southern Melville Peninsula, strong radioactive element patterns, measured by reconnaissance airborne gamma-ray spectrometry, clearly discriminate Archean orthogneiss and various Archean and Proterozoic plutonic rocks. Similar geological units occur in the central Baffin Island region. In 2000, a brief field study was conducted in central Baffin Island to determine if radioactive element (K, eU, and eTh) variations measured by ground gamma-ray spectrometry can be used to assist ongoing geological mapping activities. Although radioactive element concentrations are generally low in the supracrustal rocks of the Piling Group, variation in K and eTh concentrations are associated with lithological variations. Basement rocks, composed of Archean orthogneiss and various Archean and Proterozoic granitic intrusions, produce strong radioactive element contrasts. Young pegmatite plutons can be distinguished from older intrusions by low eTh concentrations and high eU/eTh ratios. Various Archean and Proterozoic intrusions also have characteristic radioactive element signatures which distinguish them from Archean orthogneiss. 2001-E4 K.L. Ford 1 CURRENT RESEARCH RECHERCHES EN COURS 2001 Article Article Titles Titres Purchase Information Information pour acheter


The funerary area of Via Firenze in Pontecagnano (Salerno), located east of the wider urban necropolis, is one its isolated suburban sector, and it was continuously used from the VIth to the Vth century b.C. According to the archaeological data, which makes presumable the existence, among the ones buried in this area, of social ties stronger than between them and the contemporary population, we have tried to bring out possible relationships, using rare dental and cranial morphological traits, namely characterised by a low impact in geographically close and contemporary populations. The information obtained with such methodological approach, whose importance has yet been limited by the bad state of conservation and by the incompleteness of the remains, corroborate the validity of such a method for this kind of researches.


A possibility to use the microwave superlight source for an electromagnetic wave focusing, a conceptual sketch and expected parameters of compact, charge particle accelerator with accelerating gradient of order of 10 Gev per meter and more on the basis of such device are considered. Investigation results of electromagnetic field space-time distribution near the focus and the process of charged particle acceleration are presented.


The invention relates to a liquid flow battery halt protection method and a liquid flow battery system with a halt protection function, and belongs to the field of liquid flow batteries. The liquid flow battery halt protection method is that the positive polo electrolyte and the negative pole electrolyte in the galvanic pile after the liquid flow battery system is halted are mixed in at least one container outside the galvanic pile, then transported back to the galvanic pile of the liquid flow battery system. The method provided by the invention can quickly release the electric energy in the battery, thus the life of the battery is longer, the fading of the capacity is slower, and long-time stable operation of the system is ensured.


A new working model and a new magnetic field configuration were employed on the 10GHz ECR2 source of the heavy ion research facility in Lanzhou(HIRFL). That resulted in an obvious enhancement of beam currents of ECR2 ion source. the beam ~urrent of Ar'" increase from 125 eftA to 320 efLA, for Ar"" ion beam increase from 40 eftA to 80 efLA In this paper, primary analysis and e"l'lanation of this working model is presented, we will also discuss the action of low energy electrons in ECR plasma and get an important conclusion, which the low energy electrons injection is more effective in the extraction region ofECR ion sources.


Introduction Alignment of the acetabular cup and femoral components directly affects hip joint loading and potential for impingement and dislocation following total hip arthroplasty (THA) [1]. Changes to the lines of action and moment generating capabilities of the muscles as a result of component position may influence overall patient function. The objectives of this study were to assess the effect of component placement on hip joint contact forces (JCFs) and muscle forces during a high demand step down task and to identify important alignment parameters using a probabilistic approach.

Methods Three patients following THA (2 M: 28.3±2.8 BMI; 1 F: 25.7 BMI) performed lower extremity maximum isometric strength tests and a step down task as part of a larger IRB-approved study. Patient-specific musculoskeletal models were created by scaling a model with detailed hip musculature [2] to patient segment dimensions and mass. For each model, muscle maximum isometric strengths were optimized to minimize differences between model-predicted and measured preoperative maximum isometric joint torques at the hip and knee.

Baseline simulations used patient-specific models with corresponding measured kinematics and ground reaction forces to predict hip JCFs and muscle forces using static optimization. To assess the combined effects of stem and cup position and orientation, a 1000 trial Monte Carlo simulation was performed with input variability in each degree of freedom based on the ±1 SD range in component placement relative to native geometry reported by Tsai et al. \[3\] (Figure 1). Maximum confidence bounds (1–99%) were predicted for the hip JCF magnitude and muscle forces for three prime muscles involved in the task (gluteus medius, gluteus minimus and psoas). HJC confidence bounds were compared to Orthoload measurements from telemetric implants from 6 patients performing the step down task. Sensitivity of hip JCF and muscle force outputs was quantified by Pearson Product-Moment correlation between the input parameter and the value of each output averaged across four points in the cycle.

Results Variation in the placement of the stem and cup produced an average maximum confidence bound (1–99%) in hip JCF of 277.7±91.1N and forces of 259.4±58.3N in the gluteus medius for all three patients (Figure 2). Sensitivity to cup and stem placement varied among the three patients; however, in general, hip JCFs were more sensitive to the position of the stem than the cup (Figure 3). Hip JCF was most sensitive to stem anteversion (0.64±0.10) and the superior/inferior stem position (0.42±0.19).

Discussion Variation in stem anteversion and medial/lateral cup position contributed the largest amount of variability in hip JCF and muscle forces during a step down task. The probabilistic analysis characterized bounds for output parameters, considering interactions between alignment parameters. Alignments that avoid increases in JCF and muscle loading during high demand tasks may lead to earlier recovery of function, by reducing muscle fatigue and the need to develop compensatory movement patterns.

Acknowledgements This research was supported in part by DePuy-Synthes.


Abstract : Wind data in the height range 80 to 100 km can be obtained with a multistatic VHF phase-coherent pulse-doppler meteor radar capable of monitoring a volume in space measuring arrpoximately 50 km x 50 km horizontally, and 20 km vertically. An eight-station phase-coherent system has been established for this purpose near Havana, Illinois, by reworking an existing six-station, incoherent, pulse meteor radar operating at 40.92 MHz. A 4-Mw transmitter and eight receiving sites dispersed up to 50 km away from the transmitter site have been locked together in phase within a few parts in 10 to the 10th power by distributing a 2.5 kHz reference tone via commercial telephone lines. The system operates satisfactorily and is capable of collecting enough range-doppler samples from meteor trails for an adequate description of the wind pattern at meteor heights. Wind profiles have been obtained by processing in Cambridge with a CDC-6400 computer the multichannel digital tapes recorded in Havana. The method can, potentially, be used for real-time wind measurements. It competes favorably with alternative approaches when wind measurements at meteor height must be performed with continuity and without resorting to horizon-to-horizon spatial averaging. (Author)


We measured the isothermal transmission through activated carbon adsorber beds at 25°C of two binary mixtures (viz., acetaldehyde‐propane and acetylene‐ethane) in a helium carrier gas. The transmission of each component in the mixture is the ratio of the outlet concentration to the inlet concentration. The inlet concentration of each component was in the range between 10 and 500 ppm. The constant inlet volumetric flow rate was controlled at 200 cc (STP)/min in the acetaldehyde‐propane experiments and at 50 cc(STP)/min in the acetaldehyde‐ethane experiments. Comparison of the experimental results with the corresponding single‐component experiments under similar conditions revealed interference phenomena between the components of the mixtures as evidenced by changes in both the adsorption capacity and the dispersion number; more specifically, throughout the range of concentrations studied here, we observed that propane displaces acetaldehyde from the adsorbed state. This displacement is manifested by the fa...


In the recent development of bicomplex analysis the hyperbolic numbers have played a crucial role in order to define new notions related with bicomplex holomorphic functions. Among these new notions we can mention: hyperbolic–valued modulus, hyperbolic–trigonometric representation of bicomplex numbers, and hyperbolic–curves. In this work there are analyzed some new properties of the latter.In the recent development of bicomplex analysis the hyperbolic numbers have played a crucial role in order to define new notions related with bicomplex holomorphic functions. Among these new notions we can mention: hyperbolic–valued modulus, hyperbolic–trigonometric representation of bicomplex numbers, and hyperbolic–curves. In this work there are analyzed some new properties of the latter.


The Cone-Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) is very useful in diagnosis and treatment planning, as well as in the prognosis of osteonecrosis of the jaws. This study reports a clinical case of Bisphosphonate-Associated Mandibular Osteonecrosis from the perspective of CBCT. The patient, female, 83 years old, presented painful symptoms in the posterior region of the right mandible and reported Bisphosphonate medication for more than five years to treat osteoporosis and osteopenia. Based on clinical and CBCT imaging characteristics, the patient was diagnosed with Bisphosphonate-Associated Mandibular Osteonecrosis. Initially, the treatment consisted of oral antibiotic therapy, pain control, hyperbaric oxygenation and oral hygiene (mouthwashes). After 11 months of clinical therapy, CBCT revealed bone reconstruction of the buccal cortex, but also a hypodense imaging in the lingual cortex compatible with bone lysis and bone sequestration. The patient was referred for bone debridement and sequestrectomy. The histopathological diagnosis consisted of osteonecrosis with secondary acute osteomyelitis. After 60 days of the surgical procedure and hyperbaric sessions/systemic antibiotic therapy, an oral healthy mucosa in the region of the right mandibular body was evidenced in the intraoral examination. Cortical bone regeneration was observed on CBCT. Concluded that the use of CBCT, in this case report, makes it possible to estimate the extent of the lesion and the post-treatment outcome, assessing bone density, the presence of bone sequestration and the involvement of the involved areas. In fact, early diagnosis is essential for the success of the therapeutic approach.


The psychrophilic bacteria Psychromonas arctica survives at subzero temperatures by having adapted several protective mechanisms against freezing and oxidative stresses. Many reactive oxygen species are likely generated in P. arctica as a result of reduced metabolic turnover rates. A previous study identified the pasod gene for superoxide dismutase from P. arctica using a series of PCR amplifications. Here, upon cloning into a His-tag fused plasmid, the sod gene from P. arctica (pasod) was successfully expressed by IPTG induction. His-tagged PaSOD was subsequently purified by -NTA affinity chromatography. The purified PaSOD exhibited a higher SOD activity than that of Escherichia coli (EcSOD) at all temperatures. The difference in activity between PaSOD and EcSOD becomes even more significant at 4, indicating that PaSOD plays a functional role in the cold adaptation of P. arctica in the Arctic.


Objective To compare the clinical efficacy of manual small-incision cataract surgery with phacoemusification in the management of hard nuclear cataract.Methods 404 eyes of 386 senile cataract with hard nuclei grade over Ⅲ were randomly divided into two groups:small-incision cataract surgery group (206 eyes of 194 cases) and phacoemusification group (198 eyes of 192 cases).Primary intraocular lenses implantation were performed in all cases.The postoperaive visual acuities,corneal astigmatism and surgical complications were compared between two groups.Results For cataract patients with grade Ⅲ hard nuclei,there were no significant differences in postoperative visual acuities,corneal astigmatism,posterior capsule rupture and corneal edema beween two groups.For cataract paients with grade Ⅳ or Ⅴ hard nuclei,the incidence of corneal edema was much lower in manual small-incision cataract surgery group than phacoemusification group,and the difference was statistically significant.Conclusion Small-incision cataract surgery is safe,time-saving and easy to operate which is the ideal choice for hard nuclear cataract patients in rural hospital.

Key words:
Cataract, nuleus, hard;  Surgery, cataract, small-incision;  Phacoemusification


Objective To investigate the clinical features including diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of secondary genitourinary neoplasms originating from the digestive system. Methods 10 cases with secondary urinary neoplasms originating from the digestive system in our hospital since 1996 were analyzed retrospectively. Results Secondary genitourinary neoplasms originating from the digestive system account for 1.1% of solid malignancies in genitourinary system. 3 patients received interventional treatment, 3 patients were treated with radiochemotherapy, while 2 patients with surgery and 2 patients with palliative measures. All patients in this group have been followed up for 1 month to 2 years. Of them, 2 patients treated with surgery are alive, while the others have died. The survival time was 1 to 24 months, with a mean of 8 months. Conclusion The majority of secondary genitourinary neoplasms originating from the digestive system occurs in patients with widely disseminated malignancies so that the outcome of these patients is bad, however, surgical treatment is feasible and effective if the metastasis is limited and can be resected completely.


The reaction of 2-(p-nitrophenyl)ethyl bromide with hydroxide ion was studied at 50 and 25°C in the presence of cationic chemodegradable surfactants, i.e. [2-alkyl(1,3-dioxolan-4-yl)methyl] trimethylammonium bromides Ia–c (alkyl: a = n-C9H19, b = n-C11H23, c = n-C13H27). The kinetic data were interpreted with the pseudo-phase ion-exchange (PIE) formalizm at both temperatures. The results indicate that the major source of rate enhancement is the increased reactant concentration in the small micellar reaction volume. The surfactant stability in micellar conditions was probed by means of a hydrolysis reaction of the surfactant 1,3-dioxolane ring. The kinetics of acid hydrolysis of Ia–c micelles, as a result of specific hydronium ion concentration, is one order of magnitude smaller than that of unaggregated systems.


The present invention relates to a probe card and forced air cooled probe head assembly, particularly to a probe card, which is mounted vertically in a heated environment substantially perpendicular to the wafer receiving life test, the probe card is exposed to limit to heat from the wafer chuck. The probe card and probe head assembly is mounted to the support rail, the support rail having one or more channels for cool air to flow probe card and probe head assembly, and the flex cable is protected while it is not effects of thermal chuck. Cold air flow disturbances convection air stream to flow probe head and a probe card chuck upwardly from the heating and cooling promote the probe card and probe head.


PurposeThis paper aims to understand how international interorganizational relationships (IORs) impact the organizational creativity of a local partner in an emerging country, and how the creative capacities of emerging countries firms are developing.Design/methodology/approachThe study is exploratory and qualitative, based on five IORs between European multinational corporations (MNCs) and Tunisian firms operating in the consumer goods sector analyzed using the Gioia method.FindingsThe results show that it seems necessary for firms in emerging countries first to be legitimate, then to have dynamic capacities (learning capacities in particular), and that they know how to develop an innovation strategy and implement it concretely. The authors highlight three different organizational mechanisms. The first concerns analyzing the legitimacy of the local partner to engage in an innovation process based on its distinctive capacities and formalization of procedures. The second involves building dynamic capabilities, especially technological and managerial skills, in order to meet the challenges of the growing collaboration between the partners and to expand their mandate. The third deals with implementing an innovation strategy on two fronts: trust between partners and sustainable innovation.Research limitations/implicationsThe contributions focus on the international dimension of the IORs' impact on creativity and the role of the local partner's creative capacities. The work highlights to what extent "techno-centric" creativity plays a role in the absorption capacity of local partners, as well as the level of assistance provided by MNCs for developing innovation in emerging countries' firms. Moreover, our results show that increasing awareness of ecological and responsible consumption is reorienting production patterns on both local and global scales and offers many benefits for local and multinational firms. The limitations concern the sample size, the narrow diversity of the sector and the lack of information regarding multinational firms.Originality/valueThe originality of this paper is to show the construction of the creative process at the level of the local partner, from the execution of a specification to the implementation of a sustainable innovation strategy.


The effect of direction of spread, natural convection, sample size, void fraction, etc. on fire spread in the piled RDF (RDF fixed bed) was examined experimentally. RDF samples were produced cylindrically from general domestic garbage, and different size of sample ; 15.5 mm (D) × 37.1 mm (L) and 28.6 mm (D) × 50.5 mm (L) were used. Temperature change, temperature profile and spread rate of fire in the layer were measured. As a result of the experiment, when the bottom side in the layer is closed, the downward fire spreads faster than that of upward. And also, the fire spreads faster in the case of bottom side opened than it in the case of bottom side closed. It is found that the spread rate of smoldering increases with sample size or void fraction in natural convection. Though it is adiabatic for large void fraction in RDF layer, the smoldering continues by inflow air to the clearance. The effective thermal conductivity of powder packed bed was applied in RDF layer, and the effect of sample size, shape, void fraction, inflow air velocity on the fire spread was evaluated.


Considering frequencies of stems and suffixes as well as meanings of suffixes and what word classes they form, the presenter discusses what quantitative and qualitative knowledge of suffixation Swedish university students have in English as their L2 as compared to in their L1.


This paper describes a study of usability testing with children in which stimulated retrospective probing was examined to determine its efficacy and usefulness. Ten children were involved in the evaluation of two different web sites. The session involved tracking their eyes as they conducted four tasks, two navigational and two informational tasks. Accuracy and efficiency and eye movement metrics were collected, and child participants rated their subjective satisfaction with the sites. Retrospective probing was conducted to elicit verbalizations of problems that children experienced in their use of these sites. The retrospective think-aloud (RTA) protocol was used along with eye gaze replay in post-session interviews. Findings show that the stimulated RTA protocol with eyetracking is effective in eliciting explanatory information about what children attend to in usability evaluations and how they process information, and how children arrived at a target element or solution. Implications for usability practitioners are discussed.


We report that electroluminescence (EL) at Si bandgap energy is significantly enhanced from the nano-structured metal- oxide-semiconductor (MOS) devices on silicon. The nano- structure is constructed by inserting SiO2 nanoparticles with the size of 12 nm in the oxide layer. The measured EL efficiency of the nano-structured MOS devices is enhanced to be near 10-4, which exceeds the limitation imposed by the indirect bandgap nature of silicon. We also observed the nearly lasing behaviors such as the threshold and resonance modes in the EL characteristics. The enhanced EL efficiency is attributed to simultaneous localization of electrons and holes to form exciton by nano-structure. This causes the process of the phonon-assisted radiative recombination of electron-hole pair more like two-particle (exciton-phonon) collision than three-particle (electron- hole-phonon) collision.


Communication in multinational environment is per se challenging. This difficulty increases even more when interaction takes place in the highly technical setting of a Computer Science and Engineering institution. Additional obstacles emerge due to language impairments (lack of a common language, low proficiency in the language(s) of instruction and/or research). This paper reports on a work in progress study based on the interviews and surveys conducted in 11 research labs, with supervisors of 9 nationalities, and 22 students of 12 nationalities, mostly MSc and PhD students, with 13 of them working as TAs instructing undergraduate students. Altogether, there are currently 21 research advisers of 11 nationalities at our engineering university who have experience supervising international students (45 regular students and 5 exchange students, constituting 5% of the total undergraduate and 30% of the graduate student population), whereby those students predominantly tend to choose, if possible, supervisors with whom they share their native language. Based on the results derived from the interviews and 2 cultural sensitivity and awareness questionnaires, certain observations and recommendations regarding the role of culture in (mis)communication are put forward, with differences in supervisor-students perception and levels of cultural awareness pointed out.


The purpose of this dissertation was to examine how consumers perceptually organize the risks that are associated with business-to-consumer (B2C) buying and selling of goods and services through the Internet. Prior studies did not focus on risk per se, but dealt mainly with the impact of the risks on eCommerce adoption. The existing studies assumed that the dimensions on which risks are rated are obvious to the respondents. However, electronic (eCommerce) related risks are new to the typical consumer, so, it is not yet known how consumers judge the risks. The Schema Theory states that people use generic concepts, schemata (mental structures), to organize risk perceptions in their memory. In this research, it is assumed that consumers have a schema for risk unto which online risks are embedded. Using the psychometric paradigm, respondents were asked to judge the riskiness of various risk objects in a pair-wise fashion using a similarity/dissimilarity scale, e.g., how dissimilar is Risk-object 1 to Risk-object 2 on a scale of 1 to 7? The collected data were analyzed using a Multidimensional Scaling (MDS) technique to infer the set of dimensions across which respondents evaluate risks.
The data collection method and analysis aided in answering two research questions: (a) the dimensions consumers use when they judge online risks, and, (b) how risk perceptions differ across customers from two countries.
The study found that consumers employ a fine-grained schema to distinguish and group risks in their minds, characterize risks with more than two dimensions, and that none of the dimensions can be interpreted as pure probability or pure value. Analysis suggests that in judging online risks, subjects use three dimensions in general: familiar versus unfamiliar risk, known versus unknown, eVendor-trust/eVendor distrust. Analysis suggests that differences exist in how U.S. and Nigerian subjects view online risks. For instance, on a ratio of 4 to 1, the average U.S. e-consumer considered eVendor risk a major issue than the average Nigerian e-consumer. On the other hand, the average Nigerian e-consumer judged familiarity with the eCommerce risk of a major concern on a ratio of 4 to 2 than the average U.S. e-consumer.


The anti-corruption system in the major countries in the world has been formed.The anti-corruption systems from Finland,Singapore and Japan can be used for reference in the establishment and perfection of improving the system of preventing corruption.The major thoughts include the establishment of strict system of preventing corruption,strict and scientific system of supervision,cultivating the culture of pure government,giving a whole environment without corruption and active international cooperation.


Two undescribed species of Procambarus crayfish (Crustacea, Decapoda) inhabit the subterranean stream running in the recently explored Cueva de Los Camarones, Chiapas, Mexico. Individuals ranging from dark, robust, large-eyed forms with an epigean mien to pale, comparatively slender, microphthalmic ones resembling related troglobites were found, but only the extremes could be distinguished visually. Evolutionary relationships among individuals were investigated morphometrically by means of multivariate analysis on 14 body dimensions. These analyses revealed a significant discontinuity between the two species, mainly determined by the shape of the rostrum, chelae and telson. The occurrence of a few aberrant phenotypes may indicate the existence of some gene flow between the two species. Microgeographic variation was demonstrated within the less cavernicolous species. The characters involved were the same as those that discriminate between the two species. These results are compared with allozymic data presented in a parallel paper and the role of genic introgression and environmental induction are discussed. © 1992.


The study of nuclear mass is very important, and the neural network (NN) approach can be used to improve the prediction of nuclear mass for various models. Considering the number of valence nucleons of protons and neutrons separately in the input quantity of the NN model, the root-mean-square deviation of binding energy between data from AME2016 and liquid drop model calculations for 2314 nuclei was reduced from 2.385 MeV to 0.203 MeV. In addition, some defects in the Weizsäcker–Skyrme (WS)-type model were repaired, which well reproduced the two-neutron separation energy of the nucleus synthesized recently by RIKEN RI Beam Factory [Phys. Rev. Lett. 125, (2020) 122501]. The masses of some of the new nuclei appearing in the latest atomic mass evaluation (AME2020) are also well reproduced. However, the results of neural network methods for predicting the description of regions far from known atomic nuclei need to be further improved. This study shows that such a statistical model can be a tool for systematic searching of nuclei beyond existing experimental data.


Two different analytical models are derived for the estimation of the temperature drop in the two deformation stages of radial-axial ring rolling process of flat rings. The temperature estimation, along with previous results regarding geometry, strain and strain rate, is used to calculate the variation of the flow stress of the material during the process and accordingly to derive the process forces, utilizing different forces estimation models already available in the literature.


Since image processing tasks in machine perception are computationally intensive, massively parallel processing is often employed to exploit the inherent parallelism. Some pioneering researchers have developed massively parallel processing systems including the CLIP family, the MPP, and the CM. All of these systems however, are hard to use in machine perception systems because of their expensiveness and physical size. To tackle these problems we developed an inexpensive and easily portable massively parallel processing system, the MGAP (Micro Grained Array Processor). The MGAP is a very fine grained, massively parallel, programmable array processor which is designed to be used as a low cost massively parallel coprocessor board in a desktop workstation. We discuss the versatile applications of the MGAP for image processing subtasks including an efficient histogramming algorithm, the systolic 2D Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT), and the Dynamic Space Warping Algorithm (DSWA).


Sugarcane is an important agro industrial crop of the world. India being the largest consumer as well as the second largest producer of sugar, so, it requires sugarcane production on large scale. But diseases are the major concern for the sugarcane, responsible for its low yield. Among all the diseases, fungal disease named red rot of sugarcane is the most threatening disease of sugarcane, rightly called as 'Cancer' of sugarcane. It causes severe loss in yield and quality of the sugarcane. As the fungus Colletotrichum falcatum responsible for this disease is highly variable in nature, hence, it causes the frequent breakdown of resistant varieties. Keeping in view the seriousness of this disease, the present review summarizes the distribution, mode and source of infection, description of casual pathogen and disease management


With the rapid development of China's national economy,rise of the level of the people's life,reqirement of the life quality also enhances constantly,techniques for flower growing in the family's balcony become newer and newer.Thus,start from satisfying the need of family's balcony flower growing,a nutritional solution prescription of low cost、convinient to use,for non soil cultivation of flower,was developed.Through 6 years'experiment,it proves to have good effect,worthes to be extended for use.


Printed notice issued by the Department of Health, with a warning about Influenza and advice about the care of patients; signed by Te Rangihiroa
Quantity: 1 leaf (1 page).
Physical Description: Printed matter


Eleven species belonging to four genera, Cyperus, Fimbristylis, Scirpus and Kobresia have been studied. Four species, namely, Cyperus exaltatus (n=48), C. eleusinoides (n=52), Fimbristylis tenera (n=20) and Kobresia royleana (n=40) have been worked out for the first time. New chromosome number has been recorded in Scirpus pauciflorus (n=23+0-3B). Three base numbers x=8, 9 and 13 have been suggested for the genus Kobresia.


The establishment of district metered areas (DMAs) is a highly effective method to mitigate operational management difficulties and enhance the efficiency of water distribution networks (WDNs). There are several objectives associated with the DMA's design that are contingent upon the network parameters that are affected by its formation. Two previous studies considered DMA design as a three-objective problem (operational cost, average pressure and water age) and a four-objective problem (design cost, pressure deviation, resilience index (RI) and demand shortfall) for pumped and gravity networks, respectively. The problems were addressed through the implementation of a multi-phase DMA design methodology using the NSGA-II and NSGA-III optimisation tools, respectively. The present work builds upon previous research by simultaneously considering five objectives in DMA design (i.e. design cost, operational cost, RI, average pressure and water age) using the NSGA-III optimisation tool in pumped water networks. In this extended approach, the pump's role in meeting nodal demands eliminates the necessity of including demand shortfall as one of the objectives. The proposed methodology has been evaluated on two benchmark networks, demonstrating its capability to identify DMA alternatives and provide solutions based on user preferences. Finally, the obtained results are compared with the previous study's findings.


1. Suppose that η material point particles 1, 2, ..., η with time-constant masses {m;} move in R^ and that their positions are given by smooth vector-valued functions rj(t) e R-̂ (in particular, the def . velocities y ;(0 = r ;(i) and accelerations r;(i)of all the particles exist). The motion of the particles of the system takes place in a strong field with potential U(r), U: R -> R, according to the law (1) V t ( i ) = Υ (grad U) (r,· (t) r;· (i)) ( i = l , . . . , n ) .


Droplet atomization characteristics and its morphology in twin-wire arc sprayed (TWAS) Ni-Al were explored in depth. Both numerical model and theoretical method were built for calculating the process of the droplet deformation and breakup in air flow, which based on the standard k-ε model and the volume of fluid (VOF) dual-phase flow model. The atomization characteristics of double droplets and three droplets were also studied in the atomization process by simulation. The micro structure and the morphology of the composite coatings were analyzed by SEM and TEM. The experimental results indicate that TWAS droplets are the process of explosive breakup or two steps breakup. Morphology of the TWAS prepared Ni-20wt.%Al and Ni-5wt.%Al particles was accordingly characterized by SEM. The phase compositions of the Ni-Al particles were obtained by EDS. By testing the velocity of sprayed particles, the change rule of particles with spray pressure was obtained. Ni twins are discovered in the Ni-Al coating due to rapid cooling in TWAS process.


This article analyzes and discusses a multi-objective optimization-based layer-by-layer blade-coating approach, which provides a new technology choice for large-scale manufacturing of organic solar cells.


Statistically derived equations are presented which predict the monopulse null level in phased-array antennas in the presence of random errors. Design curves are presented to aid in establishing tolerance budgets to achieve a required null depth. A design example is given, verifying the theory with computer simulations and illustrating the utility of the design curves. It is concluded that random amplitude errors significantly affect null depth.<<ETX>>


The important action of auxiliaries to production, stockpile, construction and film forming of water-borne coatings were introduced. And the purpose, production and application situation of different auxiliaries were narrated respectively. Meanwhile, the development situation of China's water-borne coatings auxiliaries were introduced simply, and the development trends of coating auxiliaries were prospected.


To examine whether low circulating vitamin C concentrations and low fruit and vegetable intakes were associated with insulin resistance and other Type 2 diabetes risk markers in childhood.


An optical probe was developed to measure dust cloud concentration during the propagation of dust flames or explosions. Principal features of the probe are a miniature light‐emitting diode and photosensor in a U‐shaped configuration and air jets to keep the windows of the device dustfree.


Experimental observations of threeand two-dimensional fatigue crack growth are compared to numerical predictions obtained by the computer code BEASY, which is based on Dual Boundary Element Method (DBEM). General modelling capabilities are allowed by this approach, with the allowance for general crack front shape and a fully automatic propagation process. A part-through corner crack is initiated on a pre-notched specimen undergoing a traction fatigue load, as defined by a general load spectrum. Experimental tests on a fatigue machine are carried out in order to validate the numerical simulation and to provide the necessary material fatigue data for the aluminium plates. By means of a nonlinear regression analysis, applied on in house obtained experimental data, the material parameters for the NASGRO 2.0 crack propagation law are defined, capable to effectively keep into account the threshold effect, the unstable final propagation and the stress ratio influence. Moreover the crack growth retardation, after an overload, is simulated by the Generalised Willenborg model; to this aim the shutoff ratio is obtained by fitting experimental data coming from tests on specimens undergoing a general load spectrum. A satisfactory agreement between numerical and experimental crack growth rates are displayed, both for three-dimensional (part-through cracks) and two dimensional (through the thickness cracks) simulation.


This paper focuses on a technological innovation that has been applied in many countries and still has continuously been researched to enhance its effectiveness - OPC (Openness, Productivity, and Connectivity) Unified Architecture. OPC Unified Architecture (OPC UA) is new specification used for the connection of accessories, based on open form and independent of any technological system. OPC UA gains access to data base and events following its real time or are stored through safe, trustworthy and totally separate connection. The research presented in this paper attempts to introduce the development of an OPC UA specifications and Modbus protocol used for monitoring and controlling air conditioners (i.e., devices). In addition, this also reduces the development time and cost for such applications. This paper has been explained the established to comply with the requirements set forth. Its scope includes the solution to smart monitoring system of air conditioning equipment in compliance with a general industrial standard and a well-known protocol. This solution sets the first foundation for developing a software system based on OPC UA specifications for industrial use.


Abstract A novel time-domain technique is proposed for the analysis of MEMS-based variable devices involving motion to arbitrary in-plane directions using the adaptive body fitted grid generation method with moving boundaries. MEMS technology is growing rapidly in the RF field and the accurate design of RF MEMS switches that can be used for phase shifting or reconfigurable tuners requires the computationally effective modeling of their transient and steady-state behavior including the accurate analysis of their time-dependent moving boundaries. Due to the limitations of the conventional time-domain numerical techniques, it is tedious to simulate these problems numerically. The new technique proposed in this paper is based on the finite-difference time-domain method with an adaptive implementation of grid generation. Employing this transformation, it is possible to apply the grid generation technique to the analysis of geometries with time-changing boundary conditions. A variable capacitor that consists of two metal plates that can move to arbitrary in-plane directions plates is analyzed as a benchmark. The numerical results expressing the relationship between the velocity of the plates and the capacitance are shown and the transient effect is accurately modeled.


Introduction PART I. A HERMENEUTIC OF CAMOUFLAGE Chapter 1. The Sifra as Midrash: Hermeneutic Markedness Chapter 2. The Sifra as Midrash: Vacuity and Semantic Discontinuity Chapter 3. Terminological Identity and the Hermeneutics of Camouflage Chapter 4. "On the Basis of This, They Said" (Mikan 'Amru) and the Role of Scripture PART II. THE CURIOUS CAREER OF BARRI AKIVA Chapter 5. Rabbi Akiva the Interpreter: From the Mishnah to the Talmud Chapter 6. Rabbi Akiva, the Anonymous Sifra, and the Hermeneutics of Camouflage Chapter 7. Rabbi Akiva's Biographical Transformation PART III. MIDRASH AND HALAKHOT: A REEVALUATION Chapter 8. The Anomaly of Tannaitic Literature: Interpretation, Revelation, and Mysteries Excursus. Oral Tradition as the Site of Esotericism Chapter 9. Midrash and Extra-Scriptural Tradition: A Synchronic Model Conclusion: Rabbi Akiva and the Ironic Triumph of Midrash Appendix: Hebrew Sources List of Abbreviations Notes Bibliography Index Acknowledgments


Lanthanum and cobalt are Critical Raw Materials and components of Solid Oxide Cells—SOCs electrodes. This review analyses lanthanum and cobalt leaching from waste materials (e-waste, batteries, spent catalysts), aiming to provide a starting point for SOC recycling, not yet investigated. The literature was surveyed with a specific interest for leaching, the first phase of hydrometallurgy recycling. Most references (86%) were published after 2012, with an interest higher (85%) for cobalt. Inorganic acids were the prevailing (>80%) leaching agents, particularly for lanthanum, while leaching processes using organic acids mostly involved cobalt. The experimental conditions adopted more diluted organic acids (median 0.55 M for lanthanum and 1.4 M for cobalt) compared to inorganic acids (median value 2 M for both metals). Organic acids required a higher solid to liquid ratio (200 g/L), compared to inorganic ones (100 g/L) to solubilize lanthanum, while the opposite happened for cobalt (20 vs. 50 g/L). The process temperature didn't change considerably with the solvent (45–75 °C for lanthanum, and 75–88 °C for cobalt). The contact time was higher for lanthanum than for cobalt (median 3–4 h vs. 75–85 min). Specific recycling processes are crucial to support SOCs value chain in Europe, and this review can help define the existing challenges and future perspectives.


Ulnar nerve compression has been reported in association with variations in the contents of Guyon's canal, such as the presence of accessory muscles. In the current case study we report on two variations found concurrently in the same hand. Firstly, the presence of an accessory head of the abductor digiti minimi that originated principally from the tendon of palmaris longus in the lower third of the forearm, descended superficial to the ulnar nerve and artery in Guyon's canal, and joined three other heads of the same muscle in the hypothenar eminence. Secondly, the ulnar nerve within the canal showed trifurcation into superficial, deep and muscular branches. A study of 120 hands from cadavers of South Australian population revealed the presence of an accessory head of the abductor digiti minimi that occupied Guyon's canal in 2.5% of the cases, a much lower incidence than previously reported in other populations. Trifurcation of the ulnar nerve seen here was also noted in the left hand of the same cadaver, but without any accessory muscles in Guyon's canal. Knowledge of such variations is relevant to hand surgery.


Objective To investigate the extraction and classification of EEG signals during imaging movement for designing Brain Computer Interfaces(BCI).Methods Wavelet coefficient was constructed by using wavelet transform in order to extract feature of EEG for mental tasks,and these features were further analyzed statistially.Results Wavelet coefficient can reliably reflect feature of EEG for different mental tasks,because' there are obviously different features for imaging left-right hands movement in c3 and c4 at 0.5~1 s befores movement,these feature have significance difference (P<0.05).Conclusion Analysis method of wavelet can effectively inhibit and eliminate noise,and extract feature of EEG for mental tasks,these features provide reliable warrant for post-analysis of discrimination and classification.


This study aimed to understand the lived experience of department chairs in a Canadian university context. Guided by phenomenological inquiry, twenty-one individual interviews of experienced academic chairs were analyzed. Findings focus on the rewards and challenges of the position, advice for professors interested in taking on this role, and the systemic issues that impact change. Results highlight the importance of preparatory training and ongoing institutional support including the deliberate building of a chair community. This paper includes a call to action which will be of interest to Deans and other senior administrators, faculty leaders, those contemplating the chair role, and those involved with institutional governance.


Consciousness of the need to reduce our unnatural weather changes and of the critical growth within the costs of
traditional sources of energy has encouraged various nations to supply innovative energy strategies that spread
renewable energy systems. For instance, solar, wind and hydro concerned energies are renewable energy
sources, and they are environmentally friendly also and having broad use. It has become commanding for the
Electrical engineers to find out for the renewable energy sources like sun, wind, ocean, geothermal and biomass
as cost-effective, environment friendly and alternatives sustainable for conventional energy sources. However,
at the time of non-availability of these renewable energy resources entire time during the year has led to
research in the area of hybrid renewable energy systems. In last few years, lot of research has taken place in the
area of the design, operation, optimization and control of the renewable hybrid energy systems. It is certainly
evident that the area has vast scope. All of the load requirement conditions as compared with single usage can
provide more economical and dependable electricity, also as environmentally friendly sources, by compounding
such renewable energy sources using backup units to shape a hybrid scheme. Sizing the hybrid system elements
optimally is one among the foremost important matters during this sort of hybrid system, which could
sufficiently meet all of the load demands with a minor financial investment. the most aim of this paper is to seek
out the cost-effectiveness of the hybrid system by using the 2 different optimization techniques. The optimal
design model is developed during this paper, to style the hybrid generation systems with solar panels, turbine
and battery banks and to supply the optimum system configuration. it's ensured that the annualized cost of the
systems is minimized while satisfying the specified loss of power supply probability. A genetic algorithm is
employed to seek out the optimum configuration. Moreover, four membership grades of the systems, just like
the reliability, the economic efficiency, the complement and thus the environmental benefit, are created by a
linearly-weighted fuzzy algorithm to seem at the configuration. The optimal algorithms are applied to a model
of medical university and analysed the results, which shows that the complement and therefore the
environmental benefit are taken full advantage of, and therefore the corresponding system cost is minimized
with enough power supply reliability.


In the theme of collaborative digital projects between cross-campus university entities, I will present the story of The Realia Collections (TRC) at the University of Texas at Austin, spanning the following topics:
• Survey of how comparable Association of American Universities members promote their physical object collections online
• TRC's purpose and creation process
• Potential for expansion and evolution
• Possible replication at other institutions
TRC was entirely conceived and built within one semester (Fall 2011) by a group of ambitious master's candidates. Not only was the project an interdisciplinary effort between UT's School of Information and Art History Department, but as evidenced by the over two dozen people on its Acknowledgements page, it exemplifies the enthusiasm of departments for contributing to new digital tools to aid in scholarship.

TRC is an online directory-type finding aid that lets individuals locate the realia (three-dimensional objects used for teaching or research) scattered throughout the dauntingly large UT Austin system. Individuals may then follow up with those collections' administrators to conduct research. The website does not discriminate against housing institution; collections are in university departments, cultural centers, research labs, museums, etc. It also allows for group maintenance via both a chief administrator and individual collection managers, who may log in and update relevant metadata about their collections. Overall TRC serves a viable model for uniting physical objects through a digital environment, which not only promotes the respective collections and departments, but also helps differentiate the university and its holdings from comparable research institutions in the AAU.

Besides giving the back story of TRC, I will also highlight the ways that my group dealt with particular challenges we faced, e.g. determining how much metadata to include, choosing a controlled vocabulary for finding similar types of collections, and customizing the back-end of the website to offer long-term administrative usability.

Link to TRC: http://herbie.ischool.utexas.edu/realia/index.php


The etiology of clinical levels of aggressive behavior in children and adolescents is generally understood to be the result of individual and family risk factors, such as lack of inhibition, maladaptive parent childrelationships, poverty, single parent status, and harsh and inconsistent disciplinary practices (Hinshaw & Lee, 2003). Rarely, however, is the importance of trauma, and child maltreatment in particular, considered a formative factor, despite the fact that many risk factors are entangled with traumatic experiences. Retrospective studies indicate that juveniles diagnosed with conduct disorder report significantly higher incidents of traumatic experiences than juveniles with other psychiatric disorders and those with no other disorders (Curcio-Chilton, 1994). Furthermore, the family and community violence to which lower SES youths are exposed constitutes an ongoing and prolonged trauma (Cicchetti & Tooth, 1997). There is evidence that oppositional behavior is often found in youth who have been abused, especially for males, and for physical abuse in particular (Staudt, 2001). Unfortunately, the research on the effects of trauma in children largely focuses on PTSD, while the high cooccurrence of other psychiatric problems, such as depression and aggression, has been treated as separate entities that do not necessarily originate from the trauma per se. This focus on PTSD often results in brief or inadequate assessments of aggressive behaviors. Additionally, it is unclear if the noted aggressive behaviors are sub-threshold symptoms of PTSD, which are associated with irritable mood and externalizing behavior, or whether they constitute a separate effect of the trauma (Mennen, 2004). This study addresses these issues, examining the effects of child maltreatment on aggression, using adequate measures of aggression, and controlling for PTSD and depression. It was hypothesized that physical abuse, male gender and low SES would be related to higher levels of aggression. It was also hypothesized that SES and gender would moderate the relation between abuse and aggression; that the stress of low SES and the externalizing reactions typical of males would heighten aggression in these groups of abused children. METHOD Participants The sample consisted of 175 children (66 males and 109 females), ranging in age from 6 to 11 years (M= 9.6; SD=1.3), 37 of whom were physically abused (26 males, 11 females; M=9.5 years, SD=1.5), 100 who were sexually abused (20 males, 80 females; M=9.5 years, SD=1.3), and 38 non-abused controls (20 males, 18 females; M=9.6 years, SD=1.2). The participants were from two backgrounds; 120 children were Caucasian and 55 children were African American. Sexually and physically abused children were recruited from treatment sites and agencies, while the control group of children, who were of similar age and from a similar background but who had no recorded history of child abuse, were recruited from a public school in the same residential area. Measures Maltreatment. Child maltreatment was assessed by the Abuse Dimension Inventory, which was administered to the parents of all the children, including those in the control condition. This measure has been shown to have good reliability and construct validity (Chaffin, Wherry, Newlin, Crutchfield, & Dykman, 1997). Socioeconomic Status. SES was assessed using the Hollingshead Four Factor Index of Social Status (Hollingshead, 1975). The Hollingshead has been shown to have good reliability and validity (Deonandan, Campbell, Ostbye, Tummon, & Robertson, 2000). In the current study, Cronbach alpha =.66. PTSD and Depression. The Diagnostic Interview for Children and Adolescents-Revised (DICA-R) was used to assess PTSD and depression and was administered to both parents and children (Welner, Reich, Herjanic, & Jung, 1987). The DICA-R produces an aggregate of symptoms for PTSD and depression, providing a continuous variable to measure PTSD and depression. …


This paper introduces a new bivariate distribution named the bivariate generalized Rayleigh distribution (BVGR). The proposed distribution is of type of Marshall-Olkin (MO) distribution. The BVGR distribution has  generalized Rayleigh marginal distributions. The joint cumulative distribution function,  the joint survival function, the joint probability density function and the joint hazard rate function of the proposed distribution are obtained in closed forms. Statistical properties of the BVGR distribution are investigated. The maximum likelihood and Bayes methods are applied to estimate the unknown parameters. Both maximum likelihood and Bayes estimates are not obtained analytically. Therefore, numerical algorithms are required to report on the model parameters and its reliability characteristics. Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) algorithm is applied for the Bayesian method. A real data set is analyzed using the proposed distribution and compared it with existing distributions. It is observed that the BVGR model fits this dataset better than the MO and the bivariate generalized exponential (BVGE) distributions.


Objective To investigate the prevalence and risk factors of Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy(DPN) in diabetes.Methods We select 415 cases of diagnosed-Diabetes and give a systematic neurological examination of the foot to determine the extent and type of nerve damage and collect the laboratory and quetinnaire survey Data.Results Including 256 cases Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy,the prevalence of those diabetes is 62%.Conclusions Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy is significantly assioation with the duration,blood sugar level,the level of the blood,age of onset and foot care.we could take an effctive action to reduce the epidemiology..for example,Early treatment,healthy lifestyle and Diet Plans and Weight Loss Programs.


Based on the daily sunlight data at 54 meteorological stations in Jiangsu Province from 1960 to 2009 and the index and grades of sparse sunlight of facility agriculture,the monthly,seasonal and the annual variation of sparse sunlight disaster were summarized and analyzed.Besides,the inverse distance weighted interpolation(IDW) method were employed to map out the spatial distribution patterns of sparse sunlight disaster,which can realize the data gridding by interpolating known data.The results showed that;the heaviest disaster occurred in winter,making up one-half of a year,while summer was the lightest one;the sparse sunlight disaster of the south areas of Changjiang River occurred was significantly higher than the north areas;the frequency of sparse sunlight changed less before 1990,while after 1990,the frequency and intensity were showing a tendency to increase.The results could be used to provide a basis for the adjustment of distribution of facility agriculture,the utilization of climatic resource and the management of cultivation in greenhouse.


Deklamasi Puisi comes from the Latin 'declare or declaim' which means reading the work in the form of poetry or rhymes accompanied by gestures and songs. Devoting poetry or short story has the meaning of reading. Reading poetry is a form of appreciation and artistic expression. This service activity is held for students of SMA Negeri 2 Kampar Kiri Tengah. Riau Province Government Requires this Reformation has proclaimed to foster and develop Malay culture and Malay culture (BMR) This activity to be held is to improve the ability to recite poetry which is expected to help students at SMA Negeri 2 Kampar Kiri Tengah to interpret/understand, train and practice good poetry reading, so that students at SMA Negeri 2 Kampar Kiri Tengah, with The arrival of the service team from the Faculty of Cultural Sciences, Lancang Kuning University is expected to help the school and especially the students of SMA Negeri 2 Kampar Kiri Tengah to get to know Riau Malay Culture, especially the ability to pronounce.


Research in computer-supported cooperative work has historically focused on behaviors of individuals at scale, using frames of interpersonal interaction such as Goffman's theories of self-presentation. These framings result in research detailing characteristics, personal identities, and behaviors of large numbers of connected and interacting individuals, while the social identity concepts that lead to intra- and inter-group dynamics have received less attention. We argue that the emergent properties of self-categorization and social identity, which are particularly fluid and complex in online spaces, provide a complementary perspective with which to re-examine traditional topics in social computing. We discuss the applicability of the Social Identity Perspective to established and new research domains in CSCW, proposing alternative perspectives on self-presentation, social support, collaboration, conflict, and leadership. We note methodological considerations emerging from this theory. Finally, we consider how broad concepts and lessons from the Social Identity Perspective might inspire CSCW work in the future.


The present invention relates to an electrical does not press against the flat panel display apparatus and a method of manufacturing from a yet flexible upset externally by using a metal substrate or a conductive substrate, a first insulator present invention covers the surface of a substrate and said substrate, provides a display unit, and a flat panel display device comprising the second insulator to prevent the exposed end portions of the substrate covers the end portion of the substrate and a method of manufacturing the same arrangement on the other surface of the substrate.


The computation of link prediction is one of the most important tasks on a social network. Several methods are available in the literature to predict links in networks and RSM index is one of them. The RSM index is applicable in the fuzzy environment and it does not incorporate the notion of falsity and indecency parameters which occur frequently in uncertain environments. In the present method, the behaviors of the common neighbor and the other parameters, like nature of job, location, etc., are considered. In this paper, more parameters are included in the RSM index for making it more flexible and realistic and it is best fitted in the neutrosophic environment. Many important properties are studied for this modified RSM index. A small network from Facebook is considered to illustrate the problem


Occupational stress is caused by several factors that can be related to the individual or organizational level and has an influence, amongst other consequences, on the well-being and performance of an employee. One of these factors, which has rather recently come to attention and specifically relates to the public sector, concerns Public Service Motivation (PSM). The findings of the limited number of studies on the relationship between PSM and stress are ambiguous. On the one hand, PSM has been known for its optimizing function in many relationships where stress is involved (a negative correlation between motivation and stress). On the other hand, it has been suggested that high levels of motivation, amongst other causes, contributes to stress (a positive correlation between motivation and stress). By means of a case study based in Munster (Germany), this study aims to contribute to this field of research and will investigate on the dark side of PSM in its relationship to stress. Various articles report that secondary school teachers increasingly complain about having stress at the workplace. In order to explain the high level of stress, this paper applies the Job Demand-Resource Model as a theoretical background. A web-based survey was sent to a selection of publicly employed secondary school teachers from different types of secondary schools to investigate if PSM is a cause for occupational stress in this sector. Overall, this paper aspires to a better understanding of the issue and, based on this research, aims to give recommendations on how to deal with motivation and stress.


The hydroboration of H11C6N=C=NC6H11(A) with (9H-9-BBN)2 (C2) gives H11C6N= C(H)N(C6H11)BC8H14 (1), which reacts with 9H-9-BBN to form the six-membered heterocycle mixed dimer (2). Compound 2 crystallizes in the monoclinic space group C 2/c, a = 27.776(3). b = 17.140(2), c = 12.302(2) Å, β = 113.31° (at 120 K). - On heating. 2 is transformed by intramolecular hydroboration into H2C[N(C6H11)B(C8H14)]2 (3a). - 1 reacts with Et2O-BF3 to give 9F-9-BBN (4) and (5). - The total hydroboration of H5C6N=C=NC6H5 (B) with C2 affords H2C[N(C6H5)B(C8H14)]2 (3b).


Manuscript submitted 2017-01-12, revised 2017-04-03, initially accepted for publication 2017-04-24, published in December 2017. Abstract. In this study, surface remelting treatment of the AZ91 magnesium alloy by means of welding using a non-consumable electrode in an inert gas shield was carried out. Three variants of surface treatment were used, i.e. the single torch variant with a single heat source without cooling down the samples, the single torch variant with a single heat source and a cooling system with liquid nitrogen, and the double welding torch variant with a double heat source in the torches operating in a tandem configuration. Experimental verification of the applied apparatus solutions was based on both macroand microstructural assessment of the obtained effects. Comparative analysis of the variants used and the obtained microstructural results allowed the authors to indicate the deficiencies and limitations of particular solutions and to single out the best solution that would be useful for modifying the surface layers of magnesium alloys, as well as other materials having a strong oxygen affinity.


The purpose of the article is to conduct a holistic scientific and historical analysis of the development of the alcohol industry in the Ukrainian SSR in the 20 – 30s of the XX century. It is proved that the increasing in the production of alcohol was facilitated by its use for industrial purposes mainly for the production of synthetic rubber. As the main trends in the development of the industry we considered its nationalization and centralization of management, the further concentration of alcohol production, the increasing in the level of technological equipment. The industry's leadership in this period was managed by the Department of the Alcohol Industry, which was part of the Ministry of Food Industry of the USSR. In the Ukrainian SSR they introduced a four-link multi-message system for its management. The author has showed that this period is related to the subsequent concentration of alcohol production, which is characterized by the reduction of the number of small alcoholic plants, the growth of their technological equipment and the increase in average annual production of one plant. It is substantiated that the development of scientific support of the industry played a decisive role in increasing the amount of alcohol production and improving its quality. The scientific support of the alcohol industry in the USSR was carried out by the All-Union Scientific Research Institute of the Alcohol Industry, and in the Ukrainian SSR – the Kyiv Institute of Food Industry. It is substantiated contribution to the development of scientific principles of the alcohol industry of such scientists: M. Kuznetsov, A. Alekseev, D. Klimovsky, M. Gladilin, A. Fuks, E. Vasiliev, C. Koloskov, A. Komarov, A. Sitnikov, A. Malchenko, A. Zabrodsky, V. Freemel, S. Raev, F. Gladkikh, V. Chusov and others. The greatest achievements of this period were new distillation machines, technological schemes for the continuous fermentation of molasses, measures to maximize gaps between individual production operations. The basic scientific developments on improvement of technological process of alcohol production were generalized. It is shown that these measures made it possible for the USSR to take the first place in the world in the production of ethyl alcohol. The methodological basis of the research are the general scientific principles of historical authenticity, scientific objectivity, continuity and dialectical understanding of the scientific process, the historical methods, source analysis.


Forty-three genotypes of lavender, Lavandula officinalis Chaix, comprising 20 parental stocks including variety 'Karlovo', and 23 promising clones were subjected to genetic divergence analysis by Mahalanobis D2 statistics. All the clones were grouped in 12 clusters. Intracluster D2 was highest for cluster × followed by cluster IX and I. Highest intercluster D2 value was observed between cluster VII and IX. Major emphasis was given to including Sher-i-Kashmir, B 10, E 2, A3 and one from each cluster I, II, V, VII, VIII and × for polycross for maximum chance of transgressive segregants of practical utility.


The ..gamma..-ray decays of high-spin states in /sup 35/ /sup 366/ /sup 37/Cl and /sup 37/Ar were studied via heavy-ion-induced reactions involving /sup 14/N and /sup 18/O bombardment of targets of /sup 24/ /sup 26/Mg and /sup 27/Al. Decay schemes and spin-parity assignments were deduced from ..gamma gamma..-coincidence measurements, ..gamma..-ray angular distribution and linear polarization measurements, and recoil-distance lifetime measurements. The observed levels are compared to predictions of the weak-coupling model. It is concluded that all the observed high-spin states can be assigned to configurations based on one- or two-nucleon excitations from the (2s, 1d) shell into the (1f, 1p) shell, and that not all the energetically available yrast levels of these configurations have, as yet, been found. (AIP)


Current scientific and technological advances contribute to society change-over to digital economy. The education system is imposed on a duty of new reality-adaptable personality formation. This article is focused on the issues of teaching personnel training in the context of information technologies significance in future professional activity. Consistent with new regulatory documents, there has been developed a technology of bachelor's professional competence formation in the course of study "Pedagogic Education" with two majors: "Computer Science. Mathematics". The competence under consideration will enable a teacher to create and use digital educational resources in his/her professional activity.


The enhanced vulnerability of insular regions to climate change has been recently recognized by the European Union, which highlights the importance of undertaking adaptation and mitigation strategies according to the specific singularities of the islands. In general, islands are highly dependent on energy imports which, in turn, feature a marked seasonal demand. Efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in these regions can therefore fulfill a twofold objective: (i) to increase the renewable energy share for global decarbonization and (ii) to reduce the external energy dependence for isolated (or interconnected) systems in which this can only be achieved with an increase of the renewable energy share. However, the increase in renewable technologies makes energy generation more dependent on future climate and its variability. The main aim of this study is to analyze future projections of wind and photovoltaic potential, as well as energy productivity droughts, on the main Euro-Mediterranean islands. Due to the limitations in land surface available in the islands for the installation of renewable energy capacity, the analysis is extended to offshore wind and photovoltaic energy, which may have an important role in the future increases of renewable energy share. To that end, we use climate variables from a series of simulations derived from Euro-CORDEX (Coordinated Downscaling Experiment) simulations for the RCP2.6 and RCP8.5 emission scenarios. A special effort is performed to normalize projected changes and the associated uncertainties. The obtained normalized changes make it easier the intercomparison between the results obtained in the different islands and constitute condensed and valuable information that aims to facilitate climate-related policy decision making for decarbonization and Blue Growth in the islands.


Cast irons with hard phases such as steadite and cementite have been widely used for cylinder-liners of marine engines. The hard phases are formed due to the addition of P or B, and their morphology strongly influences, sliding properties (scuffing resistance, wear resistance, etc.), machinability and mechanical properties. In order to understand metallurgical features, the effects of small amounts of P and B on the formation of the hard phases were discussed using cast iron with 3.3%massC, 1.3%massSi, 0.8%massMn, 0.05%massS, and 1.4%massCu. Microstructural observation, SEM/EDS or SEM/WDS quantitative analysis, and volume fraction measurement of hard phases were performed. From the experimental results it was found that P leads to the crystallization of steadite, while B leads to that of cementite. This work also discussed the morphology of each hard phase and the mutual dependence of P and B when cast iron contained both elements. As for the volume of the hard phases, the establishment of a quantification method is also desirable from an industrial point of view. The relationship between the volume fraction of the hard phases and P and B contents was investigated, and it was clarified that the volume fraction of steadite and cementite increases with an increase in the P and B contents respectively. The feasibility to predict the volume fraction of these phases as a function of the P and B contents was also evaluated using Shceil's equation.


e17502 Background: Cisplatin-based adjuvant chemotherapy improves survival among patients with completely resected non-small cell lung cancer. However, objective response rates are in the range of 30% to 50%. Thus, prediction of treatment response and outcome before CRT is a major challenge for clinicians. Methods: In a first stage we perfomed a SAGE analysis on snap-frozen surgical specimens from three good responder and three bad responder patients. Response sensibility to cisplatin was evaluated using cytotoxicity assays in primary cultures of tumor cells from the surgical specimens. In a second stage we analyzed the expression of 22 genes and 2 controls using TaqMan low density arrays in snap-frozen surgical specimens from 51 operable stages non-small cell lung cancer patients. Disease-free survival was used as the endpoint of the study. All patients received cisplatin-based adjuvant chemotherapy. Multivariate Cox methods were applied to build an optimized predictor of outcome. Results: The combinatio...


We have investigated the dynamic mechanical behavior of two cross-linked polymer networks with very different topologies: one made of backbones randomly linked along their length; the other with fixed-length strands uniformly cross-linked at their ends. The samples were analyzed using oscillatory shear, at very small strains corresponding to the linear regime. This was carried out at a range of frequencies, and at temperatures ranging from the glass plateau, through the glass transition, and well into the rubbery region. Through the glass transition, the data obeyed the time-temperature superposition principle, and could be analyzed using WLF treatment. At higher temperatures, in the rubbery region, the storage modulus was found to deviate from this, taking a value that is independent of frequency. This value increased linearly with temperature, as expected for the entropic rubber elasticity, but with a substantial negative offset inconsistent with straightforward enthalpic effects. Conversely, the loss modulus continued to follow time-temperature superposition, decreasing with increasing temperature, and showing a power-law dependence on frequency.


Monometallic Pt and bimetallic Pt/Pd oxidation catalysts, as model diesel oxidation catalysts, were tested in the oxidation of CO, C2H4, C2H6, C7H8, and C6H14. These single monolith catalysts were then compared to a dual-zoned system, where two monoliths were placed in series and the zones were comprised of different Pt/Pd ratios. Finally, a dual-layered system was also evaluated, where the added layer was made of Ag/BEA as a hydrocarbon trap. In terms of trends observed, for the single-zoned system, increasing the Pd content led to increased CO oxidation activity, while the best hydrocarbon oxidation was observed with increasing Pt content, except in the case of C2H6. An improvement in overall oxidation performance was achieved with the dual-zoned system, where a catalyst with a 1:5 Pt:Pd ratio upstream and monometallic Pt downstream proved best of those tested. This is attributed to a combination of relatively high CO oxidation in the upstream high-Pd content piece and the relatively high hydrocarbon ox...


The production process of dyed and grey cotton spun silk colored blended knitted yarn is introduced.A few points for attention are stated in the process of cotton dyeing and spun silk pretreatment.The dyed cotton is made to lap and to slivers then.Grey cotton and spun silk are blended in the blowing to lap,and the mixed slivers are made of mixed lap.The colored slivers and mixed slivers are doubled and drafted three times in the drawing process.Main processing parameters,technical measures and some attentions in spinning colored blended knitted yarn are also discussed.


selves a good supply of carbon by keeping under all competitors by their close ufts, e. g., Plantago major. III. Origin of Types.-There are two ways, according to Herbert Spencer, in which a stem may be developed from stalkless creeping fronds: first, by the inrolling or folding of the fronds forming a tube with adnate edges and resulting in the endogenous stem and monocotyledonous embryo; second, by the thickening and hardening of a fixed series of midribs, resulting in an exogenous stem and dicotyledonous embryo. Monocotyledonous leaves tend to show little distinction between blade and petiole, to assume a lanceolate or linear shape and parallel venation, because the fibro-vascular bundles will tend to run continuously over every part, since the leaves are mere prolongations of the stemforming portion, and because this venation is most convenient for long, narrow leaves. Of dicotyledonous leaves the opposites are true. The central type of leaf among monocotyls is long, narrow and rather fleshy; among dicotyls, simple, ovate and nearly ribless, or with faint digitate venation. Pinnate venation replaced palmate whenever circumstances caused leaves to lengthen faster than they broadened, the main ribs then being given off, not from the same point, but a little in front of one another. Pinnate ribs seem especially adapted to forest trees, probably protecting them against storms. The shapes of leaves thus depend upon two factors: first, the ancestrally inherited peculiarities of type and venation; second, the actual conditions to which the species is habitually exposed. IV. Special Types.-Sessile leaves are particularly apt to be lanceolate. Decurrent leaves show the traces of the primitive unity of stem and leaf. Radical leaves, with long foot-stalks, will commonly be orbicular cordate and are most frequently produced from perennials with richly-stored root-stocks. The shapes of the leaves of climbers and trees have reference only to exposure to sunlight. Unequal exposure causes them to become oblique, e. g., Begonia and Tilia. Growth in dry soil and proximity to the sea, whether the plant grow in sand or mud, both tend to produce succulence. C. R. B.


The COVID-19 pandemic has invited dramatic investment in and expansion of wastewater surveillance. This surveillance may enable early detection of an increasing presence of COVID-19 in the community. But the same technology may simultaneously or soon be turned to other uses, including for drug interdiction, community wellness, or environmental monitoring. All of these uses raise urgent legal and ethical questions. But the legal literature, to date, has almost uniformly failed to even consider the ramifications of wastewater-based epidemiology. Indeed, we are aware of only two articles discussing wastewater surveillance in the legal literature—one of which is our own prior work. In prior work, we have raised questions about the legal and ethical dimensions of wastewater surveillance in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. But that work arrived in the earliest days of the pandemic, when research efforts were not yet well established or as broadly implemented, and when legal and ethical consideration was focused almost exclusively on the drastic public health emergency at issue. This Article thus expands the extant literature by considering the legal and ethical dimensions of wastewater surveillance more thoroughly and more broadly. It arrives at an auspicious time, as the United States moves into a vaccine-mediated phase in which COVID-19 is less likely to give rise to broad stay-at-home orders and more likely to trigger narrower, more targeted interventions. It seeks to offer guidance for the legal and ethical use of wastewater surveillance along two dimensions. The first considers the circumstances under which wastewater monitoring should be deployed for detecting and responding to COVID-19 specifically. The second zooms out, to consider whether and how this surveillance infrastructure, largely created in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, might be deployed for other uses, and examines the legal and ethical difficulties that may attend these broader uses. This Article proceeds in three parts. Part I reviews the state of the science for wastewater-based epidemiology, focusing specifically on how this technique has been deployed to monitor for or detect the virus that causes COVID-19. One of the authors is a research scientist currently working to establish and oversee wastewater-based epidemiological efforts related to COVID-19 monitoring in the City of Detroit, Michigan, and Part I draws on that expertise. Part II then moves from what is possible to what is legal and ethical. If wastewater-based epidemiology is to be deployed now and in the future for detecting and responding to COVID-19, what parameters should guide the collection of wastewater signals, and how should that data be used by policymakers and others to enact further public health protections? Finally, Part III broadens its scope beyond COVID-19. Wastewater surveillance for COVID-19 sentinel surveillance can be well justified, provided guidelines are established ex ante for public health response to monitoring results. Other uses of wastewater surveillance infrastructure, however, may raise substantial privacy concerns, particularly if this infrastructure becomes denser and correspondingly more granular in the data it discloses. Such uses may, in turn, undermine both the legal soundness of and public trust in wastewater monitoring writ large. Keywords: wastewater, wastewater monitoring, ethical and legal implications


Osteoarthritis (OA) is no longer considered a cartilage-centric disease with remodelling of other joint tissues now recognized. While understudied, entheseal pathology is considered a secondary OA feature. A pivotal role for proteinase-activated receptor 2 (PAR2) in OA has been demonstrated previously in cartilage and subchondral bone at early time points, however the entheseal role of PAR2 has not been reported. OA was induced by destabilization of the medial meniscus (DMM) in wild type (WT) and PAR2 deficient (KO) animals. At 4 weeks and one year post surgery, knee joints were harvested for histological analysis. Medial collateral ligament (MCL) width was measured by 2D planimetry analysis. Immunohistochemistry was used to characterize the MCL and anterior cruciate ligament (ACL). Data were expressed as mean±SEM (n=4–6/group) and analysed using Student9s t-test, with p MCL width increased between 4 weeks and 1 year in WT DMM (0.24 ±0.07 vs 0.40 ±0.008mm respectively, p + cells in addition to IL-33 and histamine. At one year post-surgery, a cellular infiltrate was observed in MCL DMM WT but absent in KO mice. Histological evaluation revealed an absence of F4/80 + cells but the presence of a PAR2 + population, subsequently identified as hypertrophic-like chondrocytes (RUNX2) and chondrocytes-like cells (SOX9). Deletion of PAR2 affords long-term protection against ligament remodelling and demonstrates a critical role for this receptor in both OA joint pathology and ligament injuries. While PAR2 appears to be a credible therapeutic target in OA entheseal pathology, further understanding of the molecular mechanism regulated by this receptor will be required.


Endometrial carcinoma(EC)is one of the most common malignancies in female reproductive system,the incidence of which is in an up-trend in recent 20 years.The occurrence and progress of tumor is a complex process,existing research show that tumors can be induced from the joint action of both cell proliferation and apoptosis.Programmed cell death 5(PDCD5)and kidney inhibitor of apoptosis Protein(Livin)work together and will have obvious effects on promoting cell proliferation and inhibiting apoptosis,which may play an important role in the occurrence and development of endometrial carcinoma.Therefore,the research of the correlation between Livin and PDCD5 can provide theoretical basis for the diagnosis and treatment of endometrial carcinoma.


Very High Cycle Fatigue behavior of Stainless Steel AISI 310 has been investigated through ultrasonic fatigue testing. In fatigue cycles, a horizontal asymptote of S-N curve was found without any step at 10 cycles. Surface crack initiation was found irrespective of the stress level. However, the fracture surfaces of the material showed different behavior of crack propagation for different stages of fatigue cycles. It was found that up to 10 cycles, cracks initiated from surface defects and carbide precipitates present on the grain boundaries. The mechanism of crack initiation changed at low stress levels and slip bands and deformation twins were found at the surface of the specimen which acted as fatigue crack initiation sites. At lower stress levels, at or below fatigue limit, PSBs were developed but the cracks were not initiated. The lower slope in S-N curve was attributed to the development of PSBs all over the surface of the specimen before crack initiation.


Stalin's Resolution on deportation of Ahiska Turks was enforced on 15th November 1944. Ahiska Turks have struggled to return their homeland for more then half century and the most of them still live various parts of the world, out of the Georgia. The South Caucasus which their homeland acquired more importance for great powers in 20th century. Because of


Department of Electrical Engineering, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, Korea(Received 19 August 2014, Received in final form 2 October 2014, Accepted 2 October 2014)Magnetic gear can transmit torque without any mechanical contact among rotational parts in rotating mechanical systems.Especially, magnetic gear using rare-earth PMs can be used in variety of industry application because of their great power efficiency.Thus, recent trend shows that magnetic gear can be replaced with common mechanical gear. This paper deals with comparison andtorque analysis for magnetic gears with parallel and Halbach magnetization according to various design parameters. Using a twodimensional (2D) finite element (FE) analysis, suitable gear ratio is selected. We performed analysis for magnetically connected innerand outer torque with respect to various design parameters including thickness of inner and outer PM, steel pole angle, segments ofHalbach array and magnetization pattern of inner and outer PMs. Finally, we can obtain improved design model having parallel andHalbach magnetization with larger torque, compared with an initial design model.Keywords: magnetic gear, parallel, Halbach, two dimensional finite element analysis.


By building on the stochastic search approach (George and McCulloch (1993)) we propose a strategy for performing constrained variable selection. We discuss hierarchical and grouping constraints, and introduce anti-hierarchical con- straints in which the inclusion of a variable forces another to be excluded from the model. We prove consistency results about models receiving maximal posterior probability, and about the median model (Barbieri and Berger (2004)), and discuss extensions to generalized linear models.


Pedestrians are mainly exposed to the risk of traffic accident when crossing a street in urban areas. Theoretically, we could define an indicator of exposure based on motorised vehicle concentration by lane, which takes into account traffic speed and time spent to cross in two specific micro-environments: mid-blocks and junctions. Subsequently, the theoretical relationship between accident risk and traffic flow volume, density or speed can be set up. Such relationships can be validated against empirical accident risk models for pedestrians that relate the number of accident involving pedestrian to characteristics of the traffic flow and the density of pedestrian at junctions and mid-blocks. The objective of this research is to develop a virtual laboratory based on a cellular automata model to simulate the interactions between cars and pedestrians in an urban network from a set of rules, including accident. By running simulations and controlling general traffic conditions for cars and pedestrians, it is possible to count the number of accidents on cells of the network or on the aggregate network for an ecological analysis of the risk. The feasibility of this approach is demonstrated on an artificial network and a first set of results about the validation of the risk model from simulation data is provided.


The performance evaluation of semi-rigid base-layer pavement is the strong basis for pave-ment maintenance,paving and maintenance.However,when evaluating the expressway in western region based on current highway technology evaluation system,the pavement condition index often goes over the limit.Regarding this problem,based on domestic and foreign asphalt pavement damage and evaluation situation,and from the aspects of calculating the deflection value,pavement structural strength index PSSI,and pavement rutting condition RDI,this article studied the calculation method of semi-rigid base-layer asphalt pavement structure damage condition,and conducted the application analysis combined with engineering practices,thereby providing the theoretical basis for the semi-rigid structure damage evaluation of asphalt pavement.