The purpose of the present study is twofold (a) to investigate sort of relation between future anxiety and its relation with adjustment of university in a sample of Al-Taif university students, Turbah's branch, (b) to examine differences in female-students' scores shown by Future anxiety scale and Adjustment of University scale in view of SPECIALIZATION FIELD (literary or scientific section) VARIANT as well as GRADE (grade 1, grade 2 or grade 3 and etc) VARIANT. Thus, the researcher utilized the correlative descriptive and the Causal Comparative methodology. Current research applied Zainab M. Shuqair Future Anxiety Scale (2005) and Baker Adjustment of University scale (2008). A total of 200 female-students of faculty of arts and faculty of science were selected as a sample by Stratified Random sampling technique.The Study Reached The Following Results:1. There is a positive correlative relation of statistical significance at (0.01) level among life problems based- anxiety, health and death anxiety, future anxiety from one hand and emotional adjustment (from the other hand).2. There is a passive correlative relation of statistical significance at (0.01) level among mental anxiety, anxiety of failure in future, future anxiety and goal attainment duty.3. There are not any differences of statistical significance at (0.05) level in view of results of Future anxiety scale and Adjustment Of University scale and according to SPECIALIZATION FIELD and GRADE variant (Future despair dimension was excluded from future anxiety score).The researcher recommended to establish Psychology Counseling center in universities to render counseling services for the benefit of students in a way that enable them to adjust with university and protecting them from psychological disorders.


Blockchain, which has recently received a lot of attention, has a wide range of uses. Bitcoin, a widely used cryptocurrency, employs blockchain technology to authenticate transactions without relying on a central structure, thereby solving the problem of double spending. Consequently, the application that uses blockchain technology as its core ensures the authenticity of the data. The research uses a concept that is based on the decentralised blockchain to demonstrate that customers do not primarily rely on stores to evaluate the legitimacy of products. This study describes a decentralised blockchain architecture that is free of counterfeit items so that makers can use it to make real products without having to contact merchants directly, which will result in a significant reduction in the cost of product quality monitoring.


This 5-page fact sheet is part of the 2019–2020 Florida Citrus Production Guide. The insects listed in this section are generalist feeders for which citrus is not a preferred host. They are, therefore, only sporadic problems in Florida citrus. While these pests do not require routine treatment in all groves, periodic outbreaks can potentially have dramatic impact on tree health and/or productivity. When these insects are detected at a damaging level, treatment is required. Written by Xavier Martini and Lauren M. Diepenbrock, and published by the Entomology and Nematology Department, March 2019.
ENY-605/CG005: 2022–2023 Florida Citrus Production Guide: Plant Bugs, Chewing Insect Pests, Caribbean Fruit Fly, and Thrips (ufl.edu)


The Royal Wedding of Prince Harry and Meghan Markle took place in Windsor, on 19 May, 2018. Prior to the event, the bride's nationality, profession, marital status and ethnicity were already news fodder for tabloids and society magazines. The couple's high visibility made them targets for supportive comments, as well as hate speech and verbal aggression. At the time of the wedding, an array of contradictory online comments could be found in newspapers, often with extreme opinions being voiced. A sample of comments found on The Daily Telegraph on the 19th May will be looked into, focusing on different aspects of the ceremony. To explore the functioning of argumentation within such a contemporary arena for public discussion, it is the purpose of this paper to elaborate on the ways of expressing lines of reasoning displayed in these online comments, with argumentation strategies for agreement or disagreement about previously expressed points of view, either general in tone, or appearing as a thread in response to a specific commentator. Specific arguments are often put forward, to persuade others; disagreement is often established by poking fun at others' contributions, whereas humour can be effective for face-saving purposes or for deflecting aggressive 'ad hominem' comments.


Objective Study on the change of serum soluble Fas (sFas) level and prognostic relation for non.small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with concurrent radio-chemotherapy using enzyme linked immunosorbent assays(ELISA). Methods Sixty patients were obtained. The sFas level were compared before treatment with one month after treatment, and healthy donors were used as controls level of sFas. The sFas level of before treatment were compared treatment efficiency patients (complete remission and partial remission, 50patients) and treatment inefficiency patients(no change and progressive disease, 10 patients). The correlation was analyzed between 2-year survival NSCLC patients and their sFas level. Results The sFas level before treatment in NSCLC patients was obviously higher than healthy controls (8.55±0.63) ng/L and (6.03±0.55)ng/L; (t=18.63, P<0.01), with 1 month after treatment obviously lower than before treatment in NSCLC patients (7.24±0.52) ng/L and (8.55±0.63) ng/L; (t=12.44, P<0.01). The sFas level of before treatment was treatment efficiency patients obviously lower than treatment ineffectived patients (8.02±0.43) ng/L and, (8.97±0.42) ng/L; (t = 8.67, P < 0.01 ), with 2-year survival patients obviously(26 patients) lower than shortage 2-year survival patients (34 patients) (t = 645.88, P < 0.05). Conclusions Concurrent radio-chemotherapy can reduce sFas level in NSCLC patients, the changes of sFas level before and after treatment may previde worth prognostic for NSCLC patients.

Key words:
Lung neoplasms/radio-chemotherapy; Serum soluble Fas; Enzyme linked


From our preliminary work in probability, we often found ourselves wondering how many different scenarios there were in a given situation. In the beginning of that chapter, we merely tried to list all the possible outcomes, hoping we didn't miss any. When we determined that was not good enough, we began to use a tree diagram to lend some order to the listing. While that worked out well for smaller sample spaces, we quickly saw its limitations when there were a great number of outcomes. For that reason, we will look at some counting methods that should make our work a lot easier Methods Used for Counting 1. Listing 2. Cartesian product 3. Tree Diagram 4. Fundamental Counting Principle 5. Permutation 6. Combination If we looked at the number of outcomes in a sample space being described using a tree diagram, we might notice a pattern that would suggest a counting method. For instance, if I drew the tree diagram for tossing 2 coins, I would see there would be four possible outcomes – Hh, Ht, Th, and Tt. H T h t h t With a little investigation, I might also notice there were two possible outcomes throwing the first coin and two possible outcomes tossing the second. If I looked at another example, say throwing a coin and rolling a die. Drawing a tree diagram I would quickly see there are twelve possible outcomes – and T6. Again, you might notice there are two possible outcomes when tossing the coin and six outcomes when rolling the die.


In digital image and audio processing, the scalar median filter is very effective in removing impulse noise and preserves the edge in the signal. Neuvo extended the scalar median and introduced vector median, which processes the vector signal. Since the vector median utilizes the correlation between different components, it is better than componentwise scalar median for color image processing. In this paper, a new systolic array architecture for computing the vector median of a series of vector signals is proposed. In pipeline processing of a sequence of vector signals it can output a vector median every clock with clock time just about computing one multiplication.


Abstract : This report describes the technical work accomplished in the third phase of a program to develop an automated, three-dimensional, quantitative surface topography measurement system using a stereo-pair of scanning electron microscope (SEM) micrographs. The first phase of the program explored the technical feasibility of making quantitative three-dimensional measurements of surface topography using a stereo-pair of SEM micrographs. In the second phase of the program the hardware and the software necessary to implement the surface topography measurement system were developed and the integrated system was tested to verify its performance. The objectives of the third phase of the program were to provide a data display capability for the system and to refine the system to improve its performance. The hardware and software procured for the data display capability is described in Section 2. The statistical software module for the computation of physical surface features is described in Section 3. Graphics display software to draw surface profiles and contour maps is described in Section 4. Section 5 describes the additional work done in Phase III. The technical status of the program and suggestions for further work are presented in Section 6.


An analysis of the image fill factor effect on Zernike-type phase contrast filtering is presented. We define image fill factor as the ratio of the object support area over the illuminating area. Numerical simulations are presented for binary phase objects where the contrast of the output image is evaluated as a function of the image fill factor and image phase variations. The results obtained show that the image fill factor can significantly modify the contrast of the output image.


This is an anthology on the various aspects of the Third Five Year Plan. Most of the contributions have appeared in various journals and dailies in India, before. It is extremely difficult to review an anthology for the argument does not run as a concatenated whole. There are obvious contradictions, therefore, in the argument that follows. Even some of the articles are self-contradictory. This anthology suffers from the very serious defect that it has been hastily rushed to the market presumably as a commercial proposition. The book can be recommended to those who would like to have a ready access to the various writings on The Third Five Year Plan which have appeared hitlJ.erto.


Evaporite is well developed in the middle Shasi column of Shahejie Formation,Tertiary system in Dongying Depression,where the thickness of saliferous layers with mudstone exceeds 1000 m in the southern Shengtuo and central rift zone. Analysis of many samples and study on sedimentary system show that the lake basin was in an under-filling condition. A deep water evaporite formation model was established. The geochemical characteristics of dark gray mudstone and shale in evaporite layers record the sedimentary environment of salt lake. The high salt medium is beneficial to organic concentration and preservation. The gray mudstone and shale in middle Shasi column was a kind of high quality source rocks in Dongying Depression.


Image denoising is a well documented part of Image processing. It has always posed a problem for researchers and there is no dearth of solutions extended. Obtaining a denoised and perfectly similar image after application of processes represents a mirage that has been chased a lot. In this paper, we attempt to combine the effects of block least mean square algorithm (BLMS) to maximizes the Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR), along with singular valued decomposition (SVD), so as to achieve results that bring us closer to our aim of perfect re construction. The results showed that the combination of these methods provides easy computation, coupled with efficiency and as such is an effective way of approaching the problem.


In this chapter we introduce basic concepts used in analyzing queueing systems. Analysis techniques are developed later in conjunction with the discussion of specific systems. Uncertainities in model characteristics lead us to random variables as the basic building block for the queueing model. However, a random variable represents an event in a random phenomenon. In queueing systems, and all systems that operate over time (or space or any other parameter), the model must be able to represent the system over time. That means we need a sequence or a family of random variables to represent a phenomenon over time. Let T be the range of time of interest. Time can be continuous or discrete. We denote the time ttT , when it is continuous and nnT , when it is discrete. Then the family of random variables {X(t), ttT } or the sequence of random variables {X n , nnT } is known as a stochastic process. (A sample value of a random variable can be 55


In the context of Cardinal Wyszyński's personalistic concept, a man understood as a spiritual, as well as corporal being, created by God in His image and likeness, endowed with human dignity from the moment of conception, the subject of rights and duties appears as the focus of the Christian perception of culture. The analysis of contemporary cultural reality, then, carried out in the above article in the light of the Christian tradition allows us to express the discussed issues in terms of a vocation addressed to every human being. Its position to the realities of earthly life emphasizes that in the creative activity of culture, one should see the most appropriate way of realizing the fullness of the human personality not only in the temporal dimension but also in the supernatural one. Moreover, emphasizing such elements as the human person, family, Nation, state, the international community, culture, economy, and politics understood in an integral way, as well as the Church proclaiming the universal message of salvation, the Primate's vision of culture exposes a praxeological character, rooted in particular human existence. It allows not only the direct inclusion of the human person in the current of civilization and cultural changes but also consents the human being to discover the right place in the dynamically changing contexts of the contemporary world.


This paper makes classification to technique of spurting concrete and describes feature and applied situation of dry spurting concrete,wet spurting concrete,SEC spurting concrete and fibre spurting concrete.Spurting concrete have advantayes of automatic pounding,quick hardening,close sticking,soft proprety,machanization of high degree,quick working and low cost,it has action of support filling separation and transformation.This technique should be spread in all trades and professions.Study of reliable wte spurter and wet spurting craft is main direction to technique of wet spurting concrete in future.


On the basis of the design and synthesis of multifunctional thiourea-phosphines, a catalytic method for the asymmetric [3+2]?annulation of MoritaBaylisHillman carbonates with trifluoroethylidenemalonates has been developed, affording highly functionalized trifluoromethyl-bearing cyclopentenes in excellent yields, high diastereoselectivities and enantioselectivities under mild conditions.


In the field of benign gynecology, laparoscopic myomectomy has clear advantages, although learning curve is longer. Our study aims to review the factors that improve the technique of laparoscopic myomectomies. For women with symptomatic fibroids who wish to maintain their fertility minimally invasive myomectomy is in most cases the best option. Therefore, laparoscopic approach is associated with shorter hospital stay, faster recovery, less postoperative pain, and reduced adhesion formation. Standardization of laparoscopic techniques could help to reduce the learning curve. The costs are higher compared with open myomectomy, but when we take into account the numerous advantages that laparoscopy has, including shorter operative time, less blood loss, shorter hospital stay and a more rapid recovery time, laparoscopy is more cost-efficient.


The health-related quality of life (HRQoL) is assessed using instruments that have been validated scientifically. From the viewpoint of assessment, they are different from other clinical indices because the subjects themselves evaluate their own HRQoL (the patients in many clinical settings). As an index for evaluating health care services or outcomes, the HRQoL is as important as life expectancy. These instruments can be classified into generic and disease-specific instruments. There are numerous disease-specific instruments that can be used for patients with asthma, such as Juniper et al.'s Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire (AQLQ), the Living with Asthma Questionnaire (LWAQ), the St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ), and Marks et al.'s Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire (AQLQ). The characteristics of each instrument should be considered in the selection of specific HRQoL questionnaires for clinical research. Generally, the HRQoL is more disturbed in patients with severe asthma, and has been considered to be an important end-point in randomized controlled trials that involve asthma patients. We expect that further studies will also be performed in Japan.


In this study, Cr–Mo duplex-alloyed coating was prepared on carbon steel by double glow plasma surface alloying (DGPSA). The effect of annealing and quenching and tempering (Q&T) treatments on the microstructure and performance of the coating was investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS), backscattering electron imaging (BSEI) and electron backscattering diffraction (EBSD) techniques. The results show that a gradient structured coating composed of an Fe–Cr–Mo solid solution (Fe–Cr–Mo SS) layer and an alloyed pearlite layer was obtained on the steel surface. The affected layer was adjacent to the coating. After annealing or Q&T, more carbides precipitated in the Fe–Cr–Mo SS layer and alloyed pearlite layer. Most of the C atoms in the subsurface were dragged into the coating to form carbides in the Fe–Cr–Mo SS and alloyed pearlite layers of the coating, transforming the affected layers into a carbon-poor zone. Annealing and Q&T hardly modified the thickness of the coating, but greatly changed the hardness and corrosion resistance of the coating. The Q&T treated samples had higher hardness and better corrosion resistance than the as-DGPSA treated and the annealed samples.


Compositionality – the combination and recombination of meaningful units to create more complex structure, – is a defining property of human language. Here we seek the foundations of this property in a more basic form of communication: the expression of emotion. We collected 300 pictures of athletes, moments after winning or losing a competition. We annotated face and body displays in detail, and checked prototypical displays in winning and in losing contexts. We identified features of face and body reliably used in each situation, and some used in both, paving the way for a theory of compositionality in the expression of emotions.


Background: Several cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzyme families have been identified in extra hepatic tissues such as heart, vasculature, kidney, and lung. Recent data have suggested that specific CYPs, ...


Since January 2004 the High Resolution Stereo Camera (HRSC) on board the ESA Mission Mars Express (MEX) is imaging the surface of planet Mars in color and stereoscopically in high resolution. As part of the entire data processing concept the Institute of Photogrammetry and GeoInformation (IPI) of the Leibniz Universität Hannover and the Department Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing (FPF) of the Technische Universität München are jointly responsible for the photogrammetric adjustment of the MEX-HRSC orientation data. This will be accomplished by registration of the HRSC data to the Mars Observer Laser Altimeter (MOLA) data of Mars Global Surveyor Mission using single strips or neighboring strips forming a block. With the result of the processing chain, high quality products such as Digital Terrain Models (DTMs), ortho-image mosaics and shaded reliefs can be derived from the imagery. In this paper the concept of simultaneous adjustment of interior and exterior orientation and results of photogrammetric point determination is described.


In much of the work which has been done on plasticity of pastes, linseed oil and similar liquids have been used. Complex reactions may occur between the constituents of these liquids and the dispersed solid phase. In the present investigation reactions of this type were avoided by using pure organic liquids with solids which do not react chemically with them.


The majority of the studies conducted on skin tone involve the two dominate racial groups, white and black, rather than other racial minorities. The objective of this study was to investigate how skin tone affects perceptions of attractiveness. Participants (N = 90) rated the attractiveness of computer generated "ethnic" looking females with light skin, medium skin, or dark skin. Based on previous research, we hypothesized that the light skin tone female would be rated as more attractive than the medium or dark skin toned females. However, dark skin tone females were rated as more attractive than either light or medium skinned females. The findings suggest perceptions of attractiveness does not correspond with Western society's beauty standards, thus other factors influence attractiveness.


Loss in insight is a major feature of frontotemporal dementia (FTD) but has been investigated relatively little. More importantly, the neural basis of insight loss is still poorly understood. The current study investigated insight deficit profiles across a large cohort of neurodegenerative patients (n = 81), including FTD and Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients. We employed a novel insight questionnaire, which tapped into changes across different domains: social interaction, emotion, diagnosis/treatment, language, and motivation. FTD subtypes varied considerably for insight loss, with the behavioral variant worst and the progressive non‐fluent variant least affected. All other subtypes and AD showed milder but consistent insight loss. Voxel‐based morphometry analysis revealed that overall insight loss correlated with ventromedial and frontopolar prefrontal atrophy, with exception of social interaction and emotion insight loss, which additionally correlated with lateral temporal and amygdala atrophy, respectively. Our results show that patients with neurodegenerative conditions show variable loss of insight, with ventromedial and frontopolar cortex regions appearing to be particularly important for insight. Hum Brain Mapp 35:616–626, 2014. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.


The expanding size of organizations gives rise to increasing subdivision of responsibilities, facilitates supervision and widens the span of control of supervisors, and simultaneously creates structural differentiation and problems of coordination that require supervisory attention. Large size, therefore, has opposite effects on the administrative component, reducing it because of an economy of scale in supervision, and raising it indirectly because of the differentiation in large organizations. The administrative costs of differentiation have feedback effects, which reduce the savings in administrative overhead large size effects, on the one hand, and stem the influence of size on differentiation, on the other. These inferences are derived from quantitative research on the employment security agencies in the United States and their subunits. The endeavor in this paper is to construct a systematic theory of differentiation in organizations consisting of two basic generalizations and nine propositions derivable from them, which can account for a considerable number of empirical findings. The two basic generalizations are: (1) increasing organizational size generates differentiation along various lines at decelerating rates; and (2) differentiation enlarges the administrative component in organizations to effect coordination.


Background: Cigarette smoking prevalence has been declining over decades in Western countries especially in higher socioeconomic groups. Employees of Australian hospitals span the socioeconomic spectrum, but there are few data on smoking prevalence from these workplaces. Because smoking is a health hazard, some argue that it should be banned on hospital premises, but employees' opinions appear not to have been widely canvassed. Cigarette smoking is a particular problem in hospitals because of the need for prolonged abstinence by immobile patients and the stressors that accompany life‐and‐death events for patients and/or relatives. The Queen Elizabeth Hospital has had a Stop Smoking Service for >10 years, but how smoking prevalence has changed and how it compares with similar hospitals is unknown.


A novel electrical method is described which allows the extraction of bandgap narrowing within the base of SiGe heterojunction bipolar transistors due to heavy doping effects and the presence of germanium. In addition it is shown that the method's sensitivity to doping tails makes it ideal for determining the presence of parasitic energy barriers due to B outdiffusion from the base, a cause of major concern for HBT technology. The analysis is applied to SiGe and SiGeC HBTs showing that background carbon incorporation (/spl ap/10/sup 20/ m/sup -3/) completely suppresses TED.


Given the tremendous success of the Internet and e-commerce in developed countries, emerging economies are quickly embracing information technology as well. The purpose of this study is to examine factors (both determinants and deterrents) influencing the growth potential of e-commerce in emerging economies from a multitheoretical perspective (namely, institution-based network-ownership, location, and internalization, i.e., i-based N-OLI framework). Factors are identified at three levels. At the global level, we identify multilateral agreements, strategic behavior of multinational enterprises (MNEs), and technological innovation as the key factors. At the national level, institutional environment, infrastructure, and culture are identified. The transactional level examines the role of integrity of transactions, online intermediaries, and network externalities and value clustering as the key factors for growth of e-commerce in emerging economies. Based on the multitheoretical framework, the study advances several propositions and highlights implications for MNEs, both from developed markets and emerging markets, operating in emerging economies. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.


As a kind of high-resolution radar,synthetic aperture radar(SAR) is very important in many military applications.Frequency modulated continuous wave(FMCW) synthetic aperture radar(SAR) which combining FMCW technique with synthetic aperture imaging methods has the advantages such as small cubage,lightweight,cost-effective,high-resolution,etc.Firstly,the necessity and technical possibility of the jamming to FMCW SAR are discussed.Then,the responsive deception jamming is analyzed.At last it makes the simulation of repeater deception jamming.


Objectives The purpose of this study is to find out whether or not there are differences of effects when we count breaths on inspiration or expiration, and how differently the effects show up according to gender or Sasang Constitution Methods A group of 79 participants were enrolled and diagnosed Sasang Constitution by Sasang Constitution Diagnosis System of the Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine. Physical responses to respiratory changes were measured by Biofeedback sensors that were attached to the participants while they were seated comfortably on a sofa and breathing normally without counting for 5 minutes, counting on inspiration for 5 minutes, and counting on expiration for 5 minutes. Results and Conclusions 1. Mean heart rate and respiration rate decreased in association with breathing counting on inspiration and expiration more than breathing normally without counting. Especially respiration rate was stabilized during counting on inspiration and mean heart rate was stabilized during counting on expiration. 2. Interaction between breathing methods and gender did not appear. In comparison between gender, LF/HF ratio was higher in male during breathing normally without counting and counting on inspiration. Body temperature was higher in male during counting on inspiration and expiration. 3. Interaction between breathing methods and Sasang Constitution did not appear. In comparison between Sasang Constitution, mean heart rate was higher in Soyang-in, Soeum-in than Taeeum-in and abdominal amplitude was lower in Taeeum-in than Soeum-in.


Objective To investigate the flora distribution and drug resistance status in deep fungal infection in patients with lung cancer and deep fungal infection,so as to offer scientific evidences to prevent and control the fungal infections.Methods The clinical data of patients with fungal infections from Jan 2007 to Feb 2010 were retrospectively analyzed.Pathogens was identified by fungal biochemical identification panel,antimicrobial susceptibility tests were done by the agar diffusion test.Fungal cultivation identification and susceptibility tests were performed strictly according to the rules of national standard of clinical laboratory.Results The lower respiratory tract was the main site in deep fungal infection in patients with lung cancer.Pathogens mainly included Candida albicans.The Antifungal susceptibility test showed that the pathogens were sensitive to Voriconazole and Ketoconazole(100%) and Amphotericin B(94.4%~100.0%).The susceptibility rate to Fluconazole and Miconazole was 100% in Candida albicans.Conclusions Lower respiratory tract is the most frequent infection site.The main pathogen of fungal infections is C.albicans.To reach satisfactory therapeutic effect,early prevention,diagnosis and treatment and select high performance antifungal agent is essential in the treatments in patients with lung cancer and deep fungal infection.


A new feature extraction method based on auditory model is proposed, which simulates function of human beings' ears using the new psychoacoustic research results. To compress feature dimensionality and select the best separability features, the distance criterion is applied. Finally, the recognition experiment is performed. The results show that the auditory feature has a better classification rate.


[Purpose] To investigate the relationship between subjective assessments and objective measurements of sedentary behavior and physical activity of full-time housewives. [Subjects] The subjects were 17 full-time housewives aged between 24 and 44. [Methods] The physical activity amounts obtained using the Japanese version of the IPAQ questionnaire and an activity meter were divided into high intensity activity, moderate intensity activity, and sedentary behavior, and were investigated and compared together with the total physical activity amount. [Results] In the comparison of the subjective assessments and the actual measures, the actual measures of total physical activity and sedentary behavior were significantly higher, but there was very little correlation among the four outcome measures. Even when high intensity activity was actually measured, it was perceived as not having taken place by 82% of the subjects. [Conclusion] Actual measures of the physical activity of full-time housewives were higher than their subjective assessments.


This study provides insights into the characteristics and behaviour of habitual starter entrepreneurs (i.e. individuals who have established more than one business) and habitual acquirer entrepreneurs (i.e. individuals who have purchased/acquired more than one business). A human capital perspective is utilized to illustrate that the human capital accumulated by a habitual entrepreneur may influence their subsequent behaviour. Prior business ownership experience is discussed in relation to an entrepreneur's human capital accumulation, as well as their search and business opportunity identification behaviour. A case study approach is used to develop propositions that highlight the similarities and differences between habitual starter and acquirer entrepreneurs. Implications for researchers and practitioners are discussed.


Abstract : A number of commercially available instruments have been evaluated for use in precision quartz crystal resonator measurement. Since no single system is best for all the commonly required measurements, emphasis has been placed on basic performance factors so that users can judge the suitability of each system for a particular type of measurement. Comparative room temperature measurements of a range of crystal resonators, resistors, and capacitors are reported.


John D. Colombo* I. INTRODUCTION Perhaps the hottest issues in health care organizational structure are those raised by the current trend for nonprofit, tax-exempt entities that own hospitals or HMOs to convert their business to for-profit status. For example, the 1996 Conference on Philanthropy and the Law at New York University had conversion transactions as its theme subject; the March/April 1997 edition of Health Affairs was devoted almost entirely to papers on conversion transactions1; Consumers Union formed a consumer watchdog group to oversee conversions in California;2 and the Wall Street Journal and New York Times have both joined the fray with front page articles on the subject.3 The focus on conversion transactions has resulted both from an exponential increase in the number of conversion transactions and the sometimes staggering dollar amounts involved. A list published in the October 1996 issue of Health System Leader noted that the restructuring of Blue Cross in California into Wellpoint Health Networks, Inc. resulted in charitable foundations with over $3.2 billion in assets.4 This list also includes eight other transactions resulting in foundations with assets of over $ 100 million and several more with assets between $50-100 million.5 An article in Health Affairs analyzing the frequency of conversion transactions noted that from 1983-1993, approximately nine hospital conversions occurred per year.6 In 1994, that number jumped to thirty-four and in 1995 the number jumped again to fifty-nine.7 Other commentators predict that these numbers will continue to grow in coming years.8 The size and increasing frequency of conversions has prompted serious debate both about whether such transactions are "good" or "bad" from a public policy standpoint,9 and how to best regulate such transactions given the multitude of public policy concerns they generate. So far, however, the debate has been confined largely to giving the state attorneys general and/or state health agencies a more pointed regulatory role in policing conversion transactions.10 This Article focuses instead on the flow of economic value in conversion transactions. The academic community in particular seems to have taken for granted the notion that all the economic value produced by a conversion should flow to the converting enterprise.11 This Article takes a different approach and suggests that governments that have conferred economic benefits in the form of tax exemption on these enterprises have valid legal claim to a portion of the economic value produced by a conversion transaction and that sound policy reasons exist for supporting such a claim. Accordingly, this Article proposes that the federal, state, and especially local governments should enact an "exit tax" on conversion transactions designed to recapture some of the economic benefit of tax exemption previously given to the converting enterprise. Some might find this suggestion a radical departure from the current scope of regulatory efforts. However my approach, which is tied to a fairly rigorous underlying rationale concerning the fairest division of conversion proceeds, actually may result in constraining government in some cases from more radical approaches in dividing the economic value from conversions.12 Part II of this Article provides some general background on the structure of conversion transactions and the current regulatory environment. Part III then presents two legal rationales justifying the exit tax. First, under economic theories of the existence of a nonprofit enterprise, a conversion signals that the converted business has not needed the economic benefits of exemption for some period of time, and hence these economic benefits should be "recaptured" on the conversion. Second, even apart from economic theory, tax exemption should be viewed as arising from a partnership between the exempt enterprise and the government. When this partnership is "dissolved" by a decision to discontinue the business of the exempt organization, the proceeds should be shared by the partners as they would be shared in any business dissolution. …


Different mental health conditions may lead to suicide, among which depression is one of the most common. One in six people affected by major depression dies by suicide, with suicide being the second leading cause of death among teenagers and young adults. Symptoms of suicidal risk often remain latent until the inevitable occurs, which highlights the significance of prevention when it comes to such conditions. Language encodes psychological aspects that reflect a s ubject's p ersonality and state of mind and could be used as a proxy to identify shifts in a person's mental health state. In this work we study how psychometric traits of language vary when a person moves from depression-related discourse to suicide-related discourse, analyzing posts from Reddit dedicated to these themes. For each user, we identify the changes in their psychometric profile when the discourse shifts, and try to pinpoint groups of users with the same behavior and psychometric evolution. Our findings highlight several psychometric features as the most involved in discourse shifting, setting the stage for easier identification of high-risk individuals from the way they express themselves through language.


Scholars often ask respondents to answer media use questions in such terms as "often," "sometimes," "rarely," or "never," but do these words mean the same thing to different people? This study with two groups in two time periods indicates these words do not always mean the same thing to different people. These words may not, therefore, add up to an interval scale, as some scholars assume. If a scale is assumed to be interval, and it is not, some research outcomes may be uninterpretable, or just plain wrong.


Research has been conducted on the analysis of caffeine levels in the beverages of roasted arabica coffee balango using spectroscopic method. The research was conducted in Research and Testing Laboratories (RTL) Gajah Mada University in November 2019. Samples of arabica coffee were taken from Balingka Agam Regency which was processed using the process of fully washed and roasted using a soil cauldron or Balango in Bukik Apik of Bukittinggi city. This successfully proved that the surface area of the coffee powder determined the amount of dissolved caffeine level in boiling water. The concentration of caffeine in original coffee powders, fine, medium, and coarse in a row are : 35.03%; 17.67%; 1.31%; and 0.69%.


The effect of triacontanol seed pretreatment on growth and yield of groundnut c.v. JL-24 (Phule Pragati) was investigated. The results obtained on number of branches and leaves per plant, and dry matter production (DM) indicated positive influence of seed priming on vegetative growth. The seed pretreatment was found to prepone flowering and increase pod yield.


In this paper, a novel high-throughput method is proposed to improve the decoding efficiency of the context-based adaptive variable length coding (CAVLC) procedure of H.264/AVC. Due to the data dependency among symbols in the entropy decoding flow, the CAVLC decoder requires large computation period, which dominates the overall decoder system performance. To expedite its decoding speed, the critical path in the CAVLC decoder is first analyzed. This paper presents a double level design for H.264/AVC CAVLC decoding. In the proposed design, we exploit a predict strategy to achieve double level decoding. Experimental results show that the operation period of the proposed architecture can be reduced about 28.3% compare with the tradition CAVLC architecture. The maximum frequency can be larger than 120 MHz, which can support the real time requirement.


We discuss the heat and mass transport in unsaturated-saturated porous mediaincluding heat exchange between inltrated water and matrix. We include the thermal inuenceon hydraulic permeability and on the water expansion which changes the water saturation.This consequently inuences the hydraulic permeability.Numerical modelling includes the direct and inverse solution of the problem, where model parametersare determined. Numerical experiments require only simple input/output measurementsof suitable ow characteristics in laboratory conditions with 3D cylindrical samples.The ow model is based on Richard's strongly non-linear parabolic equation based on empiricalvan Genuchten's capillary-pressure model. The transport includes longitudinal and transversaldispersion.


This paper investigates hedge fund performance and risk. The empirical evidence indicates that hedge funds differ substantially from traditional investment vehicles such as mutual funds. The funds with watermarks significantly outperform the funds without watermarks. The average hedge fund returns are related positively to incentive fees, the size of the fund, and the lockup period. Hedge funds follow dynamic trading strategies and have low systematic risk. There are low correlations among different strategies. Compared with mutual funds, hedge funds offer better risk-return trade-offs: they have higher Sharpe ratios, lower market risks, and higher abnormal returns. In the period of January 1994 to December 1996, hedge funds provide positive abnormal returns. Overall, hedge fund strategies dominate mutual fund strategies, hence hedge funds provide a more efficient investment opportunity set for investors.


In this paper, an ElectroMagnetic-Power-based Characteristic Mode Theory (CMT) for Material bodies (Mat-EMP-CMT) is provided. The Mat-EMP-CMT is valid for the inhomogeneous and lossy material bodies, and it is applicable to the bodies which are placed in complex electromagnetic environments. Under the Mat-EMP-CMT framework, a series of power-based Characteristic Mode (CM) sets are constructed, and they have abilities to depict the inherent power characteristics of material bodies from different aspects. All power-based CM sets are independent of the external electromagnetic environment and excitation. Among the various power-based CM sets constructed in Mat-EMP-CMT, only the Input power CM (InpCM) set has the same physical essence as the CM set constructed in Mat-VIE-CMT (the Volume Integral Equation based CMT for Material bodies), and the other CM sets are completely new. However, the power characteristic of the InpCM set is more physically reasonable than the CM set derived from Mat-VIE-CMT. In addition, not only radiative CMs and real characteristic currents but also non-radiative CMs and complex characteristic currents can be constructed under the Mat-EMP-CMT framework; the traditional characteristic quantity, Modal Significance (MS), is generalized, and some new characteristic and non-characteristic quantities are introduced to depict the modal characteristics from different aspects; a variational formulation for the scattering problem of material scatterer is established based on the conservation law of energy.


3 64 lattices at = 6:0 using quenched Wilson fermions. Phenomenologically relevant results for the spectrum, decay constants, the kaon B-parameter B K , B 7 , B 8 , semi-leptonic and B ! K form factors are given based on a statistical sample of 100 conngurations. 1. LATTICE PARAMETERS The 32 3 64 gauge lattices were generated at = 6:0 using the combination of 5 over-relaxed (OR) and one Metropolis or Pseudo-heatbath sweep. We have stored lattices every 2000 OR sweeps. Quark propagators, using the simple Wilson action, have been calculated with periodic boundary conditions in all 4 directions for two kinds of extended sources { Wuppertal and These quarks correspond to pseudoscalar mesons of mass 2816, 977, 687, 541 and 428 MeV respectively where we have used 1=a = 2:314 GeV for the lattice scale. The three light quarks allow us to extrapolate the data to the physical isospin symmetric light quark mass m, while the C and S values are selected to be close to the physical charm and strange quark masses. We analyze three types of hadron correlators distinguished by the type of source/sink used to generate quark propagators. These are (i) wall source and point sink (WL), (ii) Wuppertal source and point sink (SL), and Wuppertal source and sink (SS). The eeective mass m eff (t) converges to the asymptotic value from below for WL correlators and from above for SL and SS correla-tors in all hadron channels. At the nal 2 level the convergence is extremely slow and there exist correlated uctuations lasting 3 10 time-slices. As shown in Fig. 1, the pion signal persists far Based on talks presented by Tanmoy Bhattacharya and Rajan Gupta. These calculations have been done on the CM5 at LANL as part of the DOE HPCC Grand Challenge program, and at NCSA under a Metacenter allocation. Figure 1. Comparison of the convergence of m eff (t) for WL and SL pion (U 1 U 1) correlators. enough to connrm that WL and SL give the same mass. In all cases where we can make consistency checks, we nd that the mean of the WL and SL mass is a very good estimate for the asymptotic value. These estimates are presented in Table 1. Errors are calculated using a single elimination Jackknife procedure with all necessary ts and extrapolations done independently for each JK sample. Possible artifacts due to …


The AR Russian Institute of Technical Physics (VNIITF), also called Chelyabinsk-70, is one of two Russian federal nuclear centers established to design, test and support nuclear weapons throughout their life cycle. The site contains research facilities which use nuclear materials, two experimental plants which manufacture prototype samples for nuclear weapons, and a site for various ground tests. Chelyabinsk-70 also has cooperative relationships with the major nuclear materials production facilities in the Urals region of Russia. Chelyabinsk-70 has been participating in the US/Russian Laboratory-to-laboratory cooperative program for approximately one year. Six US Department of Energy Laboratories are carrying out a program of cooperation with VNIITF to improve the capabilities and facilities for nuclear materials protection, control, and accounting (MPC&A) at VNIITF. A Safeguards Effectiveness Evaluation Workshop was conducted at VNIITF in July, 1995. Enhanced safeguards systems are being implemented, initially at a reactor test area that contains three pulse reactors. Significant improvements to physical security and access control systems are under way. C-70 is developing an extensive computerized system that integrates the physical security alarm station with elements of the nuclear material control system. The existing systems will be augmented with Russian and US technologies. This paper will describe the on-going activities and describe the cooperative effort between the Lawrence Livermore, Los Alamos, Sandia, Oak Ridge, Pacific Northwest, and Brookhaven US Department of Energy National Laboratories and VNIITF.


A mixed mode neuro-fuzzy classifier named Versatile Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System(VANFIS) is presented with versatile structure for different classification problems. The versatile structure which is designed for flexible classification problems is adjustable depending on the number and type of input vectors. Using proposed learning algorithm that evaluates degree of saturation state, the learning sequence is modified according to its speed and accuracy. Additionally, versatile configuration of its front-end architecture sustains more than 90% inference accuracy for all 25 objects in image database. Exploiting mixed mode systems and its bit width optimization, this classifier is implemented with 1.2mW and 0.765mm2 power and area consumption, respectively. Also it achieves 11.35MCUPS(Connection Updates Per Second)/mm2 as learning ability and 1MFLIPS(Fuzzy Logic Inference Per Second) as inference ability. Most of all, this chip can operate on-line learning in real-time . And it is verified with extremely occluded object and novel view of object based on 200 images. It scores 94% object classification accuracy which is improved about 14% from previous approach.


The European Monetary Fund was the subject of the Second International Seminar on European Economic and Monetary Union, held in Geneva in December of 1979. In this introduction to the proceedings, the author reviews the points of discussion and offers some introductory remarks.


Underlay device-to-device (D2D) communication is envisaged to improve the spectral efficiency in cellular networks. One main challenge in this technology is how to control transmit powers from D2D pairs in order to preserve a certain quality of service requirement for cellular users. To address this challenge, this paper proposes a price-based power control game, by which transmit power of D2D pairs is so adjusted that a given transmit rate for a cellular user is satisfied. Numerical results are conducted to evaluate the performance of the proposed scheme.


Abstract:Scholarship has established the difficulty of expressing the seemingly inexpressible experience of traumatic loss. Nevertheless, there are texts that enable expression despite this difficulty. They endow expansive, elusive concepts of loss with worthy articulation. Putting trauma theory in conversation with ordinary language philosophy illuminates how such moments become conceivable. Examples from a literary tradition that stretches from Virginia Woolf to Samuel Beckett to Lydia Davis construct a potent and a public space for this work. Literature is therefore able to create new forms of utterance from which ordinary meaning gains a purchase on the extra-ordinary.


College national religion work is to provide specialized management service for school's management of national religion problems and activities in college teaching,management and service work.It is of great significance for the development of national college education and the reinforcement of the united front to grasp the main content of college national religion work and to fully understand and correctly cope with some new circumstances and problems in the work of new historical era.


We develop a variant of the Taylor approximation approach to the periodic points of systems of contraction mappings [Rl] that does not invoke compactness conditions. Our presentation is simpler, in that certain steps are bypassed and only one basic estimate is used (Lemma 1). We also study the distribution of the discrete spectrum for the relevant transfer operators (Proposition 2).


In recent years,it is found that non-hemodynamic mechanisms plays an important role in the pathogenesis of early renal damage in hypertensive patients.In many non-hemodynamic factors,fibrosis is significant in the pathogenesis of hypertensive renal damage,which can lead to renal fibrosis(glomerular sclerosis and tubular interstitial fibrosis).With further research,Ang Ⅱ,TGFβ1,CTGF,platelet-derived growth factor,TNFα,ET-1,hepatocyte growth factor,interferon-γ and other cytokines and TβR Ⅰ,TβR Ⅱ,Smad2Smad3,Smad4,Smad7 are widely used as indicators to evaluate renal fibrosis.The recent data show that Ang Ⅱ,TGFβ1 and CTGF's role in renal fibrosis is more important,which can be used as better in dicators to evalscate early renal damage.Among them,CTGF is the final factor in Ang Ⅱ-TGFβ1-TβR-Smads-CTGF pathway through multi-target,multi-channel interference,while it only mediate the negative effect of TGFβ1,so it has more significant value in prevent early renal damage in hypertensive patients.


It has been twenty years since director liability to corporate shareholders for fiduciary duty breaches took a dramatic turn away from its historical and balanced negligence-based foundation. The 1985 Delaware Supreme Court case of Smith v. Van Gorkom was the opening salvo in the skirmish that erupted into an all-out war against shareholder primacy in favor of director protection. Soon after Van Gorkom was decided, naive legislatures across the nation acceded to the corporate defense bar's demands for obscenely-protective statutes to insulate directors from any responsibility for corporate management failures. This paper does three things: (1) Demonstrate that Smith v. Van Gorkom was really just a typical case, decided in a way that was consistent with prior cases, that was blown out of proportion by the corporate defense bar, (2) expose the flaws of the poorly justified and haphazardly drafted statutes adopted in response to Van Gorkom and intended to insulate directors from liability, such as Del. Gen. Corp. Law § 102(b)(7), and (3) make the case for returning director liability for fiduciary breaches to its historical place in corporate governance. As recent corporate failures have shown, it is time to start asking: If directors are not going to be responsible for corporate disasters, then who?


The frequency of Diabetes mellitus has sharply increased
recently. Consequently, there is a high probability that
teacher meets a diabetic pupil in the class. The questionnaires
were distributed among teachers from selected elementary
schools. The questions were put to find out what kind of
knowledge teachers have about this disease. The aim of this
task was to learn about the teachers ability of helping the
pupil who fell into a diabetic coma or who has a more common
complication connected to this disease. The questionnaire
replies showed that teachers would welcome a short information
handbook with reference to the actual situation of a diabetic
pupil in the class. On the basis of these requests the handbook
was written. It explains teachers the everyday reality that the
diabetic child has to cope with. The aim of the information is
to get teachers know how to react to possible urgent
complications and how to involve the child in school
activities.


BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: There is increase in energetic supply during gestation to meet both mother and fetus needs, being low back pain a characteristic symptom of this period. This study aimed at correlating weight gain during gestation and low back pain intensity METHOD: A questionnaire was developed for pregnant women with socio-demographic and anthropometric data, and the pain visual analog scale (VAS). Weight and pain intensity were measured from the 6th to the 9th gestational month, and pregnant women were informed about the scale classification and were oriented to score it according to their pain. RESULTS: The comparative chart of averages has shown significant weight and body mass index (BMI) gains (p 0.05) Pearson's correlation in the 6th month, and a moderate (r = 0.452) and significant (p < 0.05) correlation in the 9th month. When comparing pain to low back pain in the ninth month of gestation, there has been a moderate (r = 0.532) and significant (p < 0.05) correlation between variables. CONCLUSION: There has been correlation between weight gain and low back pain intensity in pregnant women.


This study focuses on the research groups from universities as a relevant actor in the emergent society of knowledge. Specifically, we concentrate on those groups from the educational psychology departaments and similars that contribute to the educational field in different issues. To develop this study, twenty three groups have been selected from the best ten universities of iberoamerica according to Scimago Ranking 2013. We propose a classification of these groups considering its thematic identity based on their names and research lines. As a result, these groups address their contributions to the educational field from a specific theoretical perspective, from one or more curriculum areas of the basic education, from social problems, from subjetcs and from aspects of the teaching-learning processes.


Non-affine deformation and the slippage function are discussed. The slippage function is determined for some polymer solutions with moderate concentration by means of the Cox-Merz rule. The non-linear viscoelasticity of these solutions is described with the aid of the Rouse-Zimm model with slippage function. The theoretical predictions show good agreement with published experimental data.


Practical success of quantum learning models hinges on having a suitable structure for the parameterized quantum circuit. Such structure is defined both by the types of gates employed and by the correlations of their parameters. While much research has been devoted to devising adequate gate-sets, typically respecting some symmetries of the problem, very little is known about how their parameters should be structured. In this work, we show that an ideal parameter structure naturally emerges when carefully considering spatial symmetries (i.e., the symmetries that are permutations of parts of the system under study). Namely, we consider the automorphism group of the problem Hamiltonian, leading us to develop a circuit construction that is equivariant under this symmetry group. The benefits of our novel circuit structure, called ORB, are numerically probed in several ground-state problems. We find a consistent improvement (in terms of circuit depth, number of parameters required, and gradient magnitudes) compared to literature circuit constructions.


Piglet diarrhea has complicated reasons and it is one of common diseases that often brings a great economic loss in pig farm.The diarrhea situations of piglets in 12 large-scale pig farms with the livestock population of foundation sow of over 400 heads in Anhui,Henan and Jiangsu Provinces were investigated from January of 2011 to April of 2011.The incidence characteristics of piglet diarrhea in these pig farms were analyzed.Different prevention and cure methods were summarized,so as to provide reference for veterinary workers.


Treatment of painful bladder syndromes is only empiric. Intravesical therapy, with heparin or dimethylsulfoxide, has recently become the mainstay of treatment. Transient relief of symptoms after hydrodistension occurs in 50% of interstitial cystitis. Good results have been obtained with amitriptyline, nifedipine and antihistamines, but always in uncontrolled studies.


Brain computer interface is a direct technological interface between a brain and the computer. It is a fast growing emergent technology in which researches try to build a direct channel between a brain and a computer. In this paper we use a Hybrid BCI in order to provide large number of commands with increased accuracy to the BCI user. BCI can serve as powerful aids for severely disabled people in their daily life. This technology is especially used to help the disabled people to move voluntarily. In BCI wheelchair the movement of the wheel chair is going to be controlled by adding voice recognition sensors in order to give an effective result with less effort. The voice and the brain signals when synchronises with each other then it is converted as a movement in the wheelchair by moving it towards left, right, accelerating, decelerating etc,. In this paper we propose a hybrid brain computer ionterface in wheelchair using voice recognition sensors which can be used by physically challenged persons by reducing the effort for high concentration power.


In this paper, a new learning algorithm which encodes a priori information into feedforward neural networks is proposed for function approximation problem. The algorithm incorporates two kinds of constraints into single hidden layered feedforward neural networks, which are architectural constraints and connection weight constraints, respectively, from a priori information of function approximation problem. On one hand, the activation functions of the hidden neurons are a class of specific polynomial functions based on a priori information from Taylor series expansions of the approximated functions. On the other hand, the connection weight constraints are obtained from the first- order derivatives of the approximated functions. The new learning algorithm has been shown by theoretical justifications to have better generalization performance and faster convergence rate than other algorithms. Finally, several experimental results are given to verify the efficiency and effectiveness of our proposed learning algorithm.


There are provided in the electronic power steering systems, methods and apparatuses for reducing steering wheel vibrations. The apparatus includes a processor and performs a process that estimates an average wheel angular velocity at least one wheel of the vehicle; determines an average wheel angle of the wheel angular velocity; Sine and cosine of the average wheel angle generated; the sine and cosine functions processed with a rotational force received from a steering wheel torque sensor signal in order to extract at least one of the amplitude components of sine and cosine functions; the sine and cosine functions using the steering wheel turning force signal reconstructed; the sine and cosine functions combined to provide a control signal, and controls the EPS system via the control signal to dampen vibrations of fine road shaking in a steering wheel of the vehicle.


Let $\omega$ be a weight on a right cancellative semigroup $S$. Let $\|\cdot\|_{\omega}$ be the weighted norm on the weighted discrete semigroup algebra $\ell^1(S, \omega)$. In this paper, we prove that the weight $\omega$ satisfies F-property if and only if the operator norm $\| \cdot \|_{\omega op}$ of $\| \cdot \|_{\omega}$ is exactly equal to another weighted norm $\| \cdot \|_{\widetilde{\omega}_1}$ [Theorem 2.5 ($iii$)]. Though its proof is elementary, the result is unexpectedly surprising. In particular, $\| \cdot \|_{1 op}$ is same as $\| \cdot \|_1$ on $\ell^1(S)$. Moreover, various examples are discussed to understand the relating among $\| \cdot \|_{\omega op}$, $\| \cdot \|_{\omega}$, and $\ell^1(S, \omega)$.


We introduce a Lagrangian movement model that can be used to characterize cyclic migrations of iteroparous fish populations. We demonstrate how movement parameters can be estimated using conventionally available catch-at-age data and provide a description of the potential bias that may arise from model misspecification, data aggregation, and nonstandardized sampling effort. The model can be extended to incorporate covariates representing biological and environmental forces that alter the distribution and migration range of exploited populations. We expect that this movement model will be a useful tool to model fish migration, to illustrate how fisheries dynamics are affected by fish migration, and to be used as an operating model in closed loop simulations to test the robustness of management frameworks to spatial structure and connectivity.


A conductive composite film which is composed of functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes (/-MWCNTs) with poly(neutral red) (PNR) has been synthesized using the potentiostatic method. It is produced on glassy carbon, gold and transparent semiconductor tin oxide electrodes for electrocatalysis, electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance (EQCM), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) studies. The incorporation of PNR on the f-MWCNTs is revealed by the EQCM technique and their morphology has been studied using the SEM method. The composite film exhibits a promising electrocatalytic activity toward biochemical compounds (in pH 6.0), halogen oxyanions (pH 1.0), and sulfur oxoanions (pH 6.0). Among these, the biochemical compounds which have been studied are (-)-epigallocatechin gallate, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, epinephrine, and serotonin. The sulfur oxoanions are S 2 O 2- 4 , SO 2- 3 , S 2 O 2- 8 , and SO 2- 5 . The presence of/-MWCNTs amplifies the electrocatalytic peak current and the film background current. The results confirm also that the /-MWCNTs enhance electrocatalytic oxidation and PNR enhances reduction. Further, the halogen oxyanions electrocatalytic reduction potential Ep c for IO - 3 = -0.25 V, BrO - 3 = -0.5 V and no peak for ClO - 3 clearly reveal that the activity is dependent on its electronegativity, which is one of the basic science properties.


By using Cohn's slotline in combination with a microstrip, simple 90/spl deg/ as well as 180/spl deg/ directional couplers of any coupling value can be made. As examples an ultra flat 10 db coupler for 1 - 12 GHz, an octave wide (2 - 4 GHz) magic tee and an almost lumped proximity coupler for 2 - 8 GHz (all on alumina substrate) have been made.


Towards of coconut water ripe treatment, and how much ripe coconut water concentration which is good for that, also how both treatment interaction to growth and yield of cucumber. This experiment was conducted from March to May 2012 at the Sempaja street, TVRI building komplex, Samarinda. The experiment was arranged in Completely Randomized Design (CRD) factorial 3 x 6 with 5 replication. The first factor was cucumber varieties (M), i.e. Hercules (m1), Harmony (m2) and Magic (m3). While the second factor was ripe coconut water concentration (K), i.e. 0% (k0l), 10% (k1), 20% (k2) , 30% (k3), 40% (k5), and 50% (k6). Data was analyzed using analysis of variance and continued by Least Significant Different (LSD) of 5%. Results of the experiment showed that : (1) cucumber varieties was hight significantly different on plant height at 10 and 15 days after planting, the number knuckle plant at 20 days after planting, and fruit diameter. Cucumber varieties significantly different on plant height at 20, 25 and 30 days after planting, total fruit per plant, and fresh weight fruit per plant. Cucumber varieties was not significantly different on the knuckle plant at 30 days after planting, the first harvest, the last harvest, and fruit length. The highest of fresh weight fruit at Harmony with 1996,43 grams; (2) the ripe coconut water concentration was very significantly different on plant height at 10, 15, 20 and 25 days after planting, the number knuckle plant at 20 and 25 days after planting. Ripe coconut water concentration was significantly different on the plant height at 30 days planting. Ripe coconut water concentration was not significantly different on the first harvest, the last harvest, total fruit, fruit length, fruit diameter and fresh weight fruit per plant. The highest of fresh weight fruit at concentred 10% with 1945,84 grams: and (3) the interaction between both cucumber varieties and ripe coconut water concentration treatment was not significantly different to all observation variable.


We have carried out a survey for CO J = 1–0 and J = 2–1 emission in the 260 earlytype galaxies of the volume-limited ATLAS3D sample, with the goal of connecting their star formation and assembly histories to their cold gas content. This is the largest volume-limited CO survey of its kind and is the first to include many Virgo cluster members. Sample members are dynamically hot galaxies with a median stellar mass ∼3 × 1010 M ; they are selected by their morphology rather than colour, and the bulk of them lie on the red sequence. The overall CO detection rate is 56/259 = 0.22 ± 0.03, with no dependence on the K luminosity and only a modest dependence on the dynamical mass. There are a dozen CO detections among the Virgo cluster members; statistical analysis of their H2 mass distributions and their dynamical status within the cluster shows that the cluster's influence on their molecular masses is subtle at best, even though (unlike spirals) they seem to be virialized within the cluster. We suggest that the cluster members have retained their molecular gas through several Gyr residences in the cluster. There are also a few extremely CO-rich early-type galaxies with H2 masses 109 M and these are in low-density environments. We do find a significant trend between the molecular content and stellar specific angular momentum. The galaxies of low angular momentum also have low CO detection rates, suggesting that their formation processes were Based on observations carried out with the IRAM 30-m telescope. The IRAM is supported by INSU/CNRS (France), MPG (Germany) and IGN (Spain). †E-mail: email@example.com ‡Adjunct Astronomer with the National Radio Astronomy Observatory. §Dunlap Fellow. C © 2011 The Authors Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society C © 2011 RAS Molecular gas content of early-type galaxies 941 more effective at destroying the molecular gas or preventing its re-accretion. We speculate on the implications of these data for the formation of various subclasses of early-type galaxies.


Peter Franken was a remarkable man. Immediately after the invention of the laser in 1960, he realized its potentialities for nonlinear effects. His revolutionary paper on second harmonic generation appeared in 1961. It started a revolution in optics, in spite of the fact that some picture editor had removed the spectral spot that was the proof of the effect. Within a few years the experimental field exploded and Bloembergen and collaborators had developed the theory of the new effects to a point that merited his textbook of 1965. Peter Franken turned 70 in 1998 and the traditional Festschrift was prepared. Unfortunately he passed away in 1999, and the book appeared as a dedication to his memory. And a very suitable one it is, because it covers many of the topics he initiated and much of the recent developments following from them. As a long-time friend and colleague, Professor Prokhorov writes the introduction. The book has reviews of topics in nonlinear optics, following their developments up to the late 1990s: Atomic time standards (Ramsay), Femtosecond phenomena at nonlinear optical boundaries (Bloembergen et al), Nuclear excitation in plasmas (Sobelman) and Raman scattering (Powell and Basiev). Novel fields with strong connections to optics are presented: Quantum interference effects on optical dispersion (Scully et al), Excitonic features in semiconductor cavities (Gibbs et al), Nonlinear atom optics (Meystre et al) and Laser-induced particle emission spectroscopy with atomic resolution (Letokhov). The field mentioned last has been developed by Professor Letokhov in recent years, and I do not know any other place where its methods and potentialities are presented in this detail. The book is a valuable source of information on recent progress in the topics included. It summarizes many important developments of contemporary laser physics. If one wants to get an overview of this research, the book is very valuable. The level of treatment varies a little, from purely descriptive to highly detailed; that is inevitable when many authors are involved. Reading the text requires a certain ability to discern and choose; hence it is no textbook for students. A mature and interested reader, however, can learn much from the book. The most recent developments will, no doubt, become dated, but so much material is central to the field of research that the main part of the text is of lasting value. Groups and individuals working in the area of laser physics will find the volume challenging and useful as a general reference. Here one can look up earlier material and find out its relevance to the most recent progress. Stig Stenholm


In this paper we explore budgeting as a process through which people annually create and defend their own instrument of control -- the budget number. In so doing, we articulate the role of ritual i...


Education is considered one of the basic needs of every citizen and plays a key role in country development. Throughout history this area has faced a number of challenges and paradigm shifts. Nowadays, the presence of pervasive computing might help the teaching-learning process using huge datasets through user interaction with these new technologies. This research describes the Edukas Environment, a conceptual model that uses educational governance, computational intelligence and strategic planning to assist school and smart city managers transform the teaching-learning process, benefiting the whole educational chain of events.


In a priority-augmented object allocation problem with weak priorities, efficiency and stability are incompatible. To recover the compatibility, we identify two conditions on the priority-supply profile. The first condition that we call "equal treatment for scarce objects" is necessary and sufficient for the efficient correspondence to be stable. Hence, the condition is sufficient for "any" efficient subcorrespondence to be stable. The second condition that we call "no priority reversal" is necessary and sufficient for the stable correspondence to be efficient. Then, the condition is sufficient for "any" stable subcorrespondence to be efficient. For each of our conditions, we also provide an easy-to-verify equivalent condition on the priority-supply profile. Those two conditions are independent.


The determination of weight and traverse difference with adding peg-top azimuths surveyed were investigated based on the modern surveying adjustment theory of Helmert variance component estimation method used in the underground traverse difference with adding peg-top azimuths surveyed.This method is verified to be feasible by the run-through data of 415 project in Shanghai.The results show that Helmert variance component estimation to determine weight always converge to the same adjustment results and is not related to the given prior square error;the prior square error is related to the iterative number or convergence rate of Helmert variance component estimation to determine weight;the transverse precision of underground control traverse node is increased by about 60% using iteration to determine weight of Helmert variance component estimation method.


[1] The present study examines changes in monthly mean winds and tides observed by MF radar at Tirunelveli (8.7°N, 77.8°E) for the years 1993–2007 with respect to long-term variabilities, namely, the stratospheric quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO), the El Nino–Southern Oscillation (ENSO), the solar cycle (SC), and the long-term trends, using regression analysis. Both zonal and meridional winds show negative QBO response in the altitude region 84–94 km and negative ENSO response (∼1 m s−1 per Southern Oscillation Index) above 90 km. However, only the latter show a notable positive SC response. The response of meridional diurnal tide is positive to ENSO (above 90 km) and stratospheric QBO and is negative to SC. The tides in both wind components show positive trends. The meridional winds show a significant negative trend (0.3 m s−1 yr−1). Further, monthly variations of the responses of mean winds and tides to QBO, ENSO, and SC are presented and discussed.


The dances have been thematized in schools based on curricular, pedagogical and artistic references centered on the production of dance as a movement (LABAN, 1978). In this article we aim to analyze perspectives for dance in schools, in a network of dance displacements and their teaching. For this we resort to bibliographic research, focused Revista Pensar a Prática | ISSN: 1980-6183 Revista Pensar a Prática. 2020, v.23:e55800 DOI 10.5216/rpp.v23.55800 on production that: discusses contemporary displaced dances of the notion of dance as movement (LEPECKI, 2006, 2017; SABISCH, 2011); systematizes a dance proposal in teaching that problematizes the body and contemporary dances, widely discussed in the national literature of Physical Education and Art (MARQUES, 2014); points to education as an experience (LARROSA, 2018), eventually, as possibilities of another dance in teaching


(ProQuest-CSA LLC: ... denotes formula omitted.) E. J. Dijksterhuis: Mechanization of the World Picture THE AUTHORS OF THE BOOKS reviewed in the three essays that follow, E. J. Dijksterhuis, Shmuel Sambursky, and Salomon Bochner, had in common with Halevy and Koyre that they belonged to the last generation of European scientists and scholars to receive a disciplined humanistic education in a pre-1014 lycee, Gymnasium, or the Dutch or Russian equivalent, before going on to a university to specialize in history, philosophy, physics, or mathematics, as the case might be. The last four wrote on history of science in ways which, now that the subject has become a professional subdiscipline, may be considered to combine learning with idiosyncrasy. This is an appropriate place to note, therefore, that many informative works either long antedate or accompany the literature produced by those who professionalized the field in the last half century. To mention only writers further back in time whom I have found invaluable, I think of Henri Daudin on 18th- and 19th-century taxonomy, J. T. Merz on European thought in the nineteenth century, Auguste Comte in the historical passages of Cours de philosophie positive, J. B. Delambre on the history of astronomy, and J. B. Montucla on the history of mathematics. There is no one now, it is safe to say, who would undertake the history of a single discipline from antiquity to modernity as Dijksterhuis does, and no one known to me who would be capable of so nuanced a treatment of the evolution of the mechanistic outlook and treatment of phenomena. I had the privilege of meeting him twice, once at the Madison meeting in 1957, and again in 1962 when the History of Science Society awarded him the Sarton Medal at the close of the International Congress of the History of Science held in Ithaca and Philadelphia. That prompted the following essay, which appeared in the series of "Perspectives" published in American Scientist during the editorship of Sir Hugh Taylor. FOURTEEN E. J. Dijksterhuis: Mechanization of the World Picture* The immediate occasion of this Perspectives is the availability of Dijksterhuis's most comprehensive book, The Mechanization of the World Picture, first published in Amsterdam in 1950 and now most skillfully translated into English by C. Dikshoorn and published by Oxford University Press.1 Among those (very few they are) who may properly be called great historians of science, Dijksterhuis has so far been perhaps the least known in the English-reading world. It is difficult to understand why this should be so. He is Professor of the History of Science in the University of Utrecht and has published much in his own country and his own language. His is the admirable tradition of Dutch science and scholarship, however, and his work seems equally at ease in French, in German, and in English. Indeed, he has brought unobtrusively into print within the space of a few years what only a lifetime of the finest scholarship could yield in modest and in full knowledge of a great subject. In 1951, Dijksterhuis followed the first edition of his Mechanization with a documented set of studies on Cartesianism in his native country, Descartes having returned the hospitality of Holland by the philosophy which served in effect as the nursery of its science. In 1955 appeared the first volume of an edition of The Principal Works of Simon Stevin, to whom Dijksterhuis has devoted one of his deepest and most considered studies. In the same year appeared The First Book of Euclid's Elementa edited with a glossary. In his renderings of the mathematics of antiquity, Dijksterhuis follows a policy of his own devising. The Greeks used no symbols in writing mathematics. Their geometry is in words, and modern translations, notably those of T. L. Heath, devoted admirer though he was of the corpus of ancient mathematics, convey rather the results than the style and quality of the reasonings. …


DIFFICULT PATH TO DEVELOPING THE IDEA OF A NATION IN THE 20TH CENTURY: PROBLEMS IN FORMING A NATION IN SLOVENIA AND UKRAINE AS SEEN BY AN UKRAINIAN HISTORIANThe article presents the development of the idea of a nation by comparing constitutional and social processes in Slovenia and Ukraine from the second half of the 19thcentury to the end of the 20thcentury. Upon examining the documentary and narrative sources on the formation of the Ukrainian and Slovenian nations, the authors point out that both Slovenians and Ukrainians co-existed within one country – the Austro-Hungarian Empire – as well as to the chronological and thematic similarity of historical independence movement processes in both countries, focusing on the period of Austria-Hungary, as well as on the time after World War I and World War II. The emphasis is on defining the following terms: What is a "national idea" compared to the political and state-related idea? What is the difference between the Slovenian and Ukrainian national idea? How should we define the "Slovenian nation" and the "European nation" today?


RadCases Breast Imaging is another addition to the successful and proven RadCases series.

In its typical presentation with concise, easy to read bulleted format, each of the 100 presented cases conveys the essential facts at a glance. Not to forget the pearls and pitfalls that are also provided for each case, adding further valuable information and providing tips on how to handle the case and avoid mistakes. The references are comprehensive and thorough.

Especially with mammography, where high-resolution images are essential, it is challenging to reproduce high-quality images in print constantly. The paucity of colour flow in the ultrasound and magnetic resonance (MR) images in the printed format is more than made up for by the availability of an online database, which not only contains the 100 cases from the book with high-resolution images of initial presentation and work-up, but also a further 150 educational cases. Images can be zoomed in to better discern more subtle findings. Cases can be viewed randomly, by case number or by applying search filters such as age, gender, modality or disease. Own sessions can be created; cases can be revisited as often as required, until they are mastered. Not only can these cases be reviewed on desktops or laptops, but also on tablets and Kindle. The online database access is valid for 12 months.

RadCases Breast Imaging is suitable for radiology trainees when preparing for their examinations, for junior radiologists needing to fill knowledge gaps in a quick and efficient way, and general radiologists involved in breast imaging, providing that extra reassurance needed at times.


Background: Prediction of future climate change is based on output of global climate models (GCMs). However, because of coarse spatial resolution of GCMs (tens to hundreds of kilometers), there is a need to convert GCM outputs into local meteorological and hydrological variables using a downscaling approach. Downscaling technique is a method of converting the coarse spatial resolution of GCM outputs at the regional or local scale. This study proposed a novel hybrid downscaling method based on artificial neural network (ANN) and particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm. Materials and Methods: Downscaling technique is implemented to assess the effect of climate change on a basin. The current study aims to explore a hybrid model to downscale monthly precipitation in the Minab basin, Iran. The model was proposed to downscale large scale climatic variables, based on a feed-forward ANN optimized by PSO. This optimization algorithm was employed to decide the initial weights of the neural network. The National Center for Environmental Prediction and National Centre for Atmospheric Research reanalysis datasets were utilized to select the potential predictors. The performance of the artificial neural network-particle swarm optimization model was compared with artificial neural network model which is trained by Levenberg–Marquardt (LM) algorithm. The reliability of the models were evaluated by using root mean square error and coefficient of determination (R). Results: The results showed the robustness and reliability of the ANN-PSO model for predicting the precipitation which it performed better than the ANN-LM. It was concluded that ANN-PSO is a better technique for statistically downscaling GCM outputs to monthly precipitation than ANN-LM. Discussion and Conclusions: This method can be employed effectively to downscale large-scale climatic variables to monthly precipitation at station scale.


The purpose of this thesis is to examine whether book-tax differences (BTDs) are a reasonable proxy for tax-induced earnings management in Finland. BTDs have been previously studied mostly in lower book-tax conformity countries by using estimates of taxable income. This thesis thus extends existing literature to a country with higher book-tax conformity and makes use of Finland's unique public tax records that allow deriving BTDs from actual taxable income. To determine the strength of BTDs as a proxy, BTDs are compared against a popular discretionary accrual proxy around a corporate event that is considered a strong incentive to manage earnings. The 2014 tax reform in Finland reduced the corporate income tax (CIT) rate from 24,5 to 20 percent and prior studies present strong evidence that firms engage in income-decreasing earnings management in the year immediately before the CIT rate cut to achieve tax savings. This study therefore also extends previous studies that have mainly relied on accrual measures to observe taxinduced earnings management around CIT rate cuts. Based on prior research, three hypotheses are formulated with the emphasis on discretionary accruals, BTDs, and their interaction in 2013. The data for the empirical study comprise 35 135 firm-year observations of profitable Finnish private firms in 2011‒2015. Discretionary accruals are estimated following Jones (1991), Kothari et al. (2005) and Francis et al. (2013), and total BTDs are applied as a BTD measure. Three OLS regression models are developed to provide evidence for the hypotheses. The results suggest that BTDs reflect well opportunistic earnings management even in a higher book-tax conformity context when there is a strong tax incentive. In addition, earnings management in response to the CIT rate cut is significant with both proxies, and BTDs and discretionary accruals have a negative relation in 2013. Besides, all results are statistically significant at the one percent level and are verified with a series of robustness checks. As BTDs have not been previously studied in higher book-tax conformity countries, the results are of particular interest for the academic community and provide fruitful avenues for future research. The findings also provide economically important information for legislators and policymakers when planning future tax reforms.


The 6σis an idioplasm quantity improvement method.Thus article takes the application of The 6σ in the Shoulder Electronics Limited Company as investigative object,analyzes the improving quantity and decreasing defective rate of the product.Have carried on the preliminary practice on quantity management.This article introduces the application of this program.


Abstract The purpose of the study is to gain understanding and insight into the cultural experience of perceived expectations for Division I football players in higher education. To examine this purpose, the researcher selected a phenomenological qualitative method to gain an essence of the student athlete experience in higher education. Three themes were derived from the data and are presented as (1) Exceptional Expectations, (2) The Campus Mood, and (3) Fanatics and External Expectations.


The process of sequencing a genome involves many steps, and accordingly, this project contains work from each of those steps. Genome sequencing begins with acquisition of sequence data, therefore, a novel biochemistry was utilized and optimized for the Sequencing By Ligation (SBL) process. A cyclic SBL protocol was created that could be utilized to extend sequencing reads in both the 5' and 3' directions, for an increase in read length and thru-put. After sequence acquisition, there is the process of data analysis, and the focus shifted to creating software that could take sequence information and match up the individual reads to a reference genome with greater speed and efficiency than other commonly-used software. The Sequence Analysis Workbench Tool, SAWTooth, was written and shown to outperform contemporaries NOVOAlign and BOWTIE. Finally, the last aspect of genome sequencing is de novo assembly, prompting a comparative analysis of three assemblers: CLC Genomics Workbench, Velvet Assembler, and MIRA. Results were generated using Mauve to assess the general effects of different sequencing platforms on the final assembly.


When it comes to entertainment, it's a must have in Advertising. Any ad for that matter cannot be convincing if it only provides information. The information has to be manipulated in a way to make it appealing and entertaining. And this is why, we say Art of Advertising is all about infotainment. Advertising being a primary form of communication is also meant to sell and earn profit by persuading the consumers, and in order to add the little magic to persuade the consumers, they need to be entertained in a manner that the ad is being retained and registered in the minds for a long duration. From Mazaa's positioning of the thirst for Aam (mango) to Froth's youth connect, in terms of positioning each brand has struck a different note in recent years. One could view it as communication taking a mature form. Infotainment today is must, considering how quickly consumers are adapting to it and tend to develop a clean distinguished identity for any brand. Since the time advertising evolved came competition, and with competition comes the need to develop and carve a niche for your product which further gives birth to creativity. Creativity is the soul of entertainment and one has to be in constant touch with the invading newer ways to entice the audience. Today in this youth centric space, simple communication with a piece of information is not so cool. It is human nature to get enthralled with creativity, and this fascination of audience is what advertisers thrive for. Most of the times, Indian ads are 'over the top' and are not very realistic but the fact of the matter is that they stick in your brain. Thus, the brand recall based on the advertisements is very high. Entertainment is bliss if carried in a right manner and now this is a challenge for advertisers to make it blend well with apt information.


This paper studies the stability and performance of a multi-agent system composed of identical linear time-invariant dynamic agents, when only a single agent in the system is controlled by an exogenous single-input–single-output controller. It is shown that a wide class of multi-agent systems can be collectively stabilised by controlling any single agent. The tracking performance of such a closed-loop system, however, has a fundamental limitation. It is also shown that generically not only the output of controlled agent but either the sum or average of all agent outputs can be used for an exogenous controller. An example is presented to illustrate theoretical results developed in this study.


Postural tachycardia syndrome (POTS) patients show excessive cardiac sympathetic drive with standing. The pacemaker current I(f) mediates sympathetic influences on heart rate.


In this study, the efficiency of biochar as a remediation tool in reducing the concentration of residual pollutant concentrations (polyaromatic hydrocarbons- PAHs) in coal tar remediated soils was investigated over a 30-day period. Results from laboratory microcosm experiments showed that amendment with biochar of a finer particle size ≤ 1mm resulted in a 7% reduction (although not significant, p>0.05) in the priority PAH groups (2-6 ringed compounds) for the nutrient and biodiesel-amended microcosms compared to the non-biochar experiments while a 4% decrease (p>0.5) was also observed for the biochar amended controls compared to their non-biochar category. In a stepwise treatment approach, the 2-6 ring PAHs in the biodiesel amended microcosms were reduced by 4-16% (p>0.5), while decrease was seen only for 3-5 ring compounds in the nutrient amended experiments. The biochar amended control also showed a 6-7% (p>0.5) reduction in the 4-6 ring PAHs. However, after 30 days of biochar amendment with a larger particle size >1mm, increased concentrations in PAHs was noticed. The biodiesel-amended microcosms had 48% increased levels in the total 16 USEPA PAHs compared to their non biochar amended samples, while 19% increase was observed for the nutrient amended experiments relative to their non-biochar experiments. In all of these experiments, the PAH groups (2-6 ringed) showed increased concentrations in the biochar amended samples. The observation of reductions in the PAH groups of the 16 USEPA pollutants in soil amended with finer particles of this carbonaceous material, showed the likely effect of particle size on the sequestration ability of biochar in soil amendment techniques. Increased concentrations of PAHs seen after amendment with larger particle size of biochar could be due to the possible desorption of these pollutants during the extraction procedure employed prior to measurement. Although the reductions in residual PAH concentrations recorded after biochar amendment were not statistically significant, the non-interference of biochar in the visible growth of fungal hyphae and moulds in the biodiesel treated microcosms and the observed slight reductions in the PAH groups of the 16 USEPA pollutants in the soil amended with finer particles of biochar, compared to the non-treated microcosms, showed the potential of biochar amendment in bioremediation studies. Also prolonged contact and incubation time, following biochar amendment are likely determinant factors for the effectiveness of this amendment technique.


Th is Chinese hospital-based study of 749 patients with vitiligo and 763 matched controls investigated four vitamin D receptor (VDR) polymorphisms (FokI, BsmI, ApaI and TaqI) and 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels. A signifi cantly decreased risk of developing vitiligo was found to be associated with the BsmI-B, ApaI-A and TaqI-t alleles. According to the genotype distribution, 25(OH)D concentrations were signifi cantly higher in patients carrying the FokI ff or ApaI AA genotypes compared with those carrying the FF or aa genotypes. Logistic regression analysis showed a dose–response relationship between decreased risk of vitiligo and increased 25(OH)D levels in ApaI-A variant genotype carriers. It is concluded that VDR gene polymorphisms may aff ect 25(OH)D levels and the risk for the development of vitiligo in the Chinese population.


A novel and distinct strategy for sp3 etheral C—O bond activation towards the preparation of N-alkylated 2-pyridones and related heterocycles is developed.


OBJECTIVE To explore the influence of hospital infection about the nursing intervention on severe head injury patients after tracheotomy.METHODS A total of 168 severe head injury patients that hospitalized in our hospital from Jan 2010 to Dec 2010 were selected as the intervention group.The ground was wiped with disinfectant twice a day,airway management of patients was strengthened.Vibration row phlegm machine was used to row phlegm,sputum suction method was improved;medical personnel hand hygiene and patients nutrition were improved;Patients with single or double room living arrangements such interventions.Totally 230 severe head injury patients hospitalized during Jan 2008-Dec 2009 as control group were taken the disease nursing routine care and the effects of respiratory tract infections were analyzed.RESULTS The respiratory tract infection rates were 34.7% and 16.7% in intervention and control group and the difference was statisticaly significant.There were significant differences in the age,hospitalized time between intervention group and control group(P0.05).CONCLUSION The control of respiratory tract infections in patients with sever head injury should be focused on the prevention,to strengthen the nursing management and take effective nursing intervention can reduce the incidence rate of respiratory tract infection.


Samples intentionally placed aboard the LDEF and samples obtained from the LDEF structure were studied at NASA Marshall and seven national labs to determine the radioactivity produced in orbit. The gamma ray spectra from these studies have provided information concerning the type and quantity of radioactive nuclei produced by various activating particles. The gamma ray spectra, the resulting activation, and the experimental arrangements are being collected at Marshall and Eastern Kentucky Univ. for review, further analysis, and future archival. An overview of this process and the type of information that will be available for future reference is given. This information includes the samples studied, the location of the samples on LDEF, the amount and type of covering material, the types of detector systems, the format of the gamma ray spectra, and the corrections for geometry, self-absorption, detector efficiency, and background needed to obtain accurate specific activations (activation per kilogram) of material. Plans are given as to the archival of the data for such future reference and how other scientific investigators or spacecraft designers can access the data.


Rooted cuttings of Chrysanthemum morifolium 'Paragon' grown in nutrient solution were given a 24-h pulse exposure to salinity by amending the solution with 200 mequiv. NaCl/L. The cuttings were then returned to nonsalinized solution; one half were inoculated with motile zoospores of Phytophthora cryptogea Pethybr. & Laff, and the other half were maintained as non-inoculated controls. Nonstressed cuttings also were inoculated with P. cryptogea, and roots from all treatments were sampled at various intervals thereafter for light and electron microscopy. Penetration of nonstressed roots by P. cryptogea was frequently limited to three or four cell layers 6–12 h after inoculation. Formation of appositions adjacent to hyphae, increased wall staining density, and accumulation of osmiophilic material in cell vacuoles were associated with sites of limited penetration. In contrast, hyphae of P. cryptogea rapidly colonized salinity-stressed roots, causing extensive necrosis within 12–24 h after inoculation. The cyto...