Objective To analyze the anatomic characteristics of Fournier gangrene and to provide references in clinics.Methods The clinical data of 21 patients with Fournier gangrene from January 1997 to June 2011 were reviewed and discussed combined with literature analysis.Results One(1/21,4.76%) patient was died due to multiple organ failure induced by septicopyemia.Coexisting diabetes mellitus was found in three patients(3/21,14.29%).The infection of Fournier gangrene was extended along the superficial fascia in 17 patients(17/21,80.95%) with 1 patient(1/21,4.76 %) experiencing deep fascia infection.The most commonly found bacteria were streptococcal species,escherichia coli,staphylococcus,bacteroides,clostridium,et al.More than two organisms were cultured in 6 patients(6/21,28.57%).Conclusion Familiarity with the anatomic and path physiological characteristics of Fournier gangrene is important in the diagnosis and treatment of Fournier gangrene.


High quality of purified alginate and fucoidan is required for the medical uses to prevent the unexpected side effects from the contaminated endotoxin present in the materials. We attempted to establish an efficient and fast mass scale production method for the highly purified poly-G alginate from the sea weeds. In addition, lab scale method was established to obtain the fraction of higher purity from the commercially available fucoidan source (about 85% purity).


This year-long study, covering three main seasons of India, focused on enumerating the effect of varying cover of Alternanthera philoxeroides (alligator weed) on the associated macrophyte species diversity of the littoral region of natural pond ecosystem. A total of 192 quadrats were randomly placed in the littoral region of 12 similar ponds containing varying degrees of A. philoxeroides infestation to estimate A. philoxeroides 'cover (%)' and number of associated macrophyte species in each quadrat. Overall, 20 associated macrophyte species, including 16 aquatic/ littoral-associated, 2 non-aquatic species, and grasses and sedges, were found to be present. A. philoxeroides infestation was categorized into 4 cover grades (Grade I-IV) from lowest (no/negligible: 60% cover). For each season, significant differences in the total number of associated macrophyte species across the 4 A. philoxeroides cover grades were found. A Poisson-regression model showed that for each season, even when the effect of other invasive species was adjusted, the number of associated native macrophyte species in a quadrat decreases significantly with increase in A. philoxeroides cover. A comparison of the quadrat communities between the lowest grade (Grade I) and highest grade (Grade IV) of A. philoxeroides infestation showed a significant reduction of species richness, diversity and evenness from the lowest to the highest infestation grades. Again, Mann-Whitney U tests further revealed that the number of native macrophyte species was significantly lower at highest (Grade IV) A. philoxeroides infestation than that at lowest infestation (Grade I). The presence of multiple invaders in A. philoxeroides infested aquatic ecosystems is also reported, indicating probable facilitative interactions between A. philoxeroides and other invasive species. The socio-economic valuation of some important native plants, which were found to be significantly reduced at high infestation levels of A. philoxeroides, has also been highlighted.


Abstract Objective Oral verrucous squamous cell carcinoma or oral verrucous carcinoma (OVC) is a rare verrucous variant of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), which accounts for 2 to 12% of all oral carcinomas. Oral verrucous hyperplasia (OVH) is clinically similar to OVC and has been proposed to be a precursor lesion of OVC. Etiopathogenesis of both lesions is still inconspicuous. Oncogenic viruses such as human papillomavirus (HPV) and Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) have been reported to be associated with some cases of OSCC, and we hypothesized that it may act as a causative agent of these verrucous lesions. This study aimed to investigate frequency of HPV and EBV infections in OVC and OVH. Material and Methods Using polymerase chain reaction (PCR), a total of 35 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue samples, including 27 OVC samples and 8 OVH samples, were investigated for HPV and EBV infection. HeLa and B95-8 cell lines were used as positive controls of HPV and EBV PCR, respectively. Results All OVC and OVH samples show a positivity to GAPDH, whereas neither HPV nor EBV PCR products was detected in both OVC and OVH samples. Conclusions In summary, our study demonstrated that HPV and EBV are not involved in pathogenesis of OVC and OVH. Other etiologic factors contributing to OVC and OVH need to be further clarified.


Using a unique 10-year panel that includes more than 13,300 expected stock market return probability distributions, we find that executives are severely miscalibrated, producing distributions that are too narrow: realized market returns are within the executives' 80% confidence intervals only 36% of the time. We show that executives reduce the lower bound of the forecast confidence interval during times of high market uncertainty; however, ex post miscalibration is worst during periods of high uncertainty. We also find that executives who are miscalibrated about the stock market show similar miscalibration regarding their own firms' prospects. Finally, firms with miscalibrated executives seem to follow more aggressive corporate policies: investing more and using more debt financing.


Accessible summary
The government suggests to the NHS what talking psychological therapies should be given to people when they have worries or problems.
This study examined a service for people with learning disabilities in Scotland. It tried to find out whether the service was doing what the government suggests.
The study found that the people who were seen by the service often had more than one difficulty, and the service gave extra talking psychological therapy to them.
We think that this study shows that people with learning disabilities should have more treatments available for them to meet their needs.

AbstractBackground
For services across the UK, increasing emphasis is placed on the use of evidence-based psychological treatments. In this context, the Scottish Government published the MATRIX, a best-practice clinical governance document, with a brief section on therapies for people with learning disabilities. As with most clinical guidelines, randomised controlled trials were considered the "gold standard." However, within the learning disability field, the existing evidence base is relatively limited, resulting in a narrow guidance for services.

Methods
This study evaluated the use of best-practice guidance (the MATRIX), in a psychology service for adults with learning disabilities, covering one of the largest NHS Boards in Scotland. A randomly selected 50% (N = 73) of case notes opened since October 2011 (publication date for the MATRIX) was reviewed. Eight case notes were second-rated by an independent clinician.

Results
Findings showed that service users typically presented with multiple psychological difficulties, and clinicians offered a range of therapies additional to those suggested in the guidance. This was particularly evident in cases managed by clinical psychologists.

Conclusions
Applying rigid therapeutic recommendations may limit opportunities for integrative practice. The potential impact of inflexibly adopting clinical guidelines on service planning and resources is discussed.


In (quant-ph/9911099 version 1) A. Moroz claims that the exponent $\eta$ from the local photon density of states near a band gap edge $\rho(\omega) = K(\vec{r}) |\omega_c - \omega|^\eta$ varies strongly with the position in the crystal. We show that this is not the case and we demonstrate the error in his analysis.


Lean production aims are to reduce work-in-process and maintain close to zero inventories and resilience is about reacting quickly to disruptions impacting manufacturing systems. In this study, a manufacturing organization with maintenance strategy is simulated to evaluate the impacts of resilience engineering (RE) principles on lean practices. The process of simulation is conducted for different scenarios. Each scenario includes a set of resilience principles. Using computer simulation, many outputs are calculated namely, utility and availability of machines and maintenance operators, time in system, total cost, and number of failures. The optimal values of scenarios' efficiencies are achieved using data envelopment analysis (DEA) model, which is a mathematical programming approach. The results of the DEA are validated by using principal component analysis. In addition, an analysis is performed to determine which factor of RE has the maximum effect on the system's performance. The results show that the redundancy among the RE principles, has the maximum impact on the system's performance. To the best of my knowledge, this is the first study that evaluates the performance of lean production considering RE in a production line with maintenance policies.


Several hyperbranched polyesters have been prepared in a one-pot polycondensation reaction. Molecular weights, viscosities and rheological behavior of these polymers have been characterized. The influence of their terminal groups on the properties and their behavior in blends will be discussed.


The "experience of illness" (Fitzpatrick et al., 1984) sets each person in front of their own fragility, marking their life from a physical, but also psychological, affective, behavioural, social and sometimes also spiritual point of view. Patients' needs are multidimensional and do not find a full satisfaction neither in the personal, but fragmented relationship with doctors, nor in the many online informative resources concerning health, which are easy to access, but remain impersonal (Preece, 2000). Patients' growing awareness, plus clinicians' changing attitude, has been favouring in recent years a better patient-centered health, "a care that is closely congruent with and responsive to patients' wants, needs and preferences" (Laine & Davidoff, 1996). This approach (Mead and Bower, 2000) adopts a "biopsychosocial" perspective (Duggan et al., 2006, p. 271), which means keeping in better consideration sick persons' problems, needs and desires, and sharing both power and responsibilities between the physician and the patient. AbstrAct


1. that the probability of beating Ioana is better with the white pieces (first-move advantage), should you choose white or black for the first game? 2. now that prior to the match, you discover Ioana is a former City Champion of Bucharest. Complaining, you persuade the club to give you the following concession: You must still beat Ioana two games in a row, but now you get to play her as many as 17 times, alternating sides as before. Should you choose white or black for the first game? 3. managed to win two games in a row from Ioana and are now a member of the club. However, to become an officer of the club, you must beat Ioana 10 times in a row, with 49 games to do it. Yipes! This may be more than you can handle, but to maximize your chances, should you start with white or with black? Puzzled Wins in a Row


The case here reported is one of classic catatonic stupor, with marked improvement on continued hospital residence. It was possible to carry out a series of very careful physiologic studies upon this case, and the resultant findings indicate definite deviation in this field; these were particularly marked during the acute phase of the disorder and, in general, appeared to run directly parallel with essential fluctuations in the actual psychiatric status. In view of the attention now directed toward the physiologic substrate in schizophrenic disorder, it was felt that the presentation of such a study of a case which stood out clinically in such striking relief, would prove of interest; especially, since it emphasizes the paramount importance of what may be termed long-section study, in the proper evaluation of such material. REPORT OF CASE Clinical History. —F. W., a schoolboy, aged 14, was admitted to the State Psychopathic Hospital Sept. 6


This paper describes how, increasing awareness levels of the average motorist to the ever changing traffic conditions encountered on an interstate highway system prepares them for their trip, thus improving the mobility of people and goods regionally and nationally. Knowledge of traffic conditions and travel times in advance of travel provides the motorist with valuable information and allows them an option that is unavailable to the uninformed motorist. Alert motorists can react with confidence to known situations or decide to take an alternate route. The net result, informed motorists react better to situations that are known in advance and in turn, can reduce or eliminate potential crashes or gridlock. Developing a Travel Time Algorithm and integrating it into a traffic management system is an important key to providing this information to users of an interstate highway system. Utilizing existing nontraditional resources from third party vendors, such as IPASS transponder technology, to create a Travel Time Algorithm and generate toll plaza to toll plaza travel times can be challenging. However, the successful integration into a traffic management system provides a mechanism to inform motorists of adverse traffic conditions through manageable solutions. This paper discusses the development of the Travel Time Algorithm, from concept to final product as well as lessons learned and the next steps in the evolution of the Traffic and Incident Management System (TIMS).


Air quality in Shanghai is studied according to Shanghai Air Quality Daily Report in this paper.The results show that air pollution days are reducing to 10 days in a year,the most air pollution day exigts in winter,next spring and the least day is summer in a year,and PM10 or NO2 pollution days are reducing and SO2 pollution days have been increasing each year since 2004.For this reason the prevention and control of Shanghai air pollution occurs in winter and spring.And SO2 discharge is controlled.The controlled way is environmental management.


The Meta-verse is the new, innovative platform in which is being investigated by every industry. The thought of simulating reality in a digital platform was never inconceivable but seemed distant. Now, it is taking over every industry like wildfire and the possibilities seem endless. Recently, the healthcare industry is looking into implementing the qualities of the metaverse within specialties and practices of medical professionals. This space encompasses a variety of factors such as virtual reality, augmented reality, and secured spaces for communication and processes. The healthcare industry has been looking into methods to increase patient experience and broadening the accessibility of medical care. Although the concept of the metaverse is not new, the uses are still unexplored and has to many unknowns. In an industry where patient data is critical and remains at the upmost level of privacy, it is unsure that it will remain with its integrity still intact. This paper is aiming to explore the use of the meta-verse in the healthcare industry along with the current status, challenges, and perspective of applicable technology and practices. To be more specific, we focused on the outpatient telemedicine practice experience using body sensor networks and the challenges of maintaining privacy in a healthcare metaverse space.


Aeroheating analysis of propulsion/forebody integration has been conducted by means of CFD technique.Especially,different computation models are adopted for different flow regime,including laminar,transition and turbulent flow.In this text,compressibility-corrected SSGZ-J k-e model has been employed in turbulent region,moreover,we introduce algebraic intermittency model of transition to simulate the transition process from laminar to turbulent.By these methods,wall heat flux of forebody and engine has been calculated and compared with experimental results.Results show that compressibility-corrected SSGZ-J ke model can reasonably predict heat flux in the complex high-speed compressible flow,and algebraic intermittency model of transition can simulate transition process of boundary layer.Flow regime,structure geometry and shock wave have great effects on heat flux.


Pressure effect on the cation distribution in olivine (Mg, Fe) 2SiO4 was detected through heating and quenching experiments under high pressures, combined with single crystal X-ray structure refinements under atmospheric pressure. The distribution coefficient KD [= (Fe/Mg) M1/ (Fe/Mg) M2] in the mantle olivine increases with depth by the effects of both pressure and temperature. The KD at the depth of 400 km is evaluated to be larger than 2.2, in contrast to 0.9-1.2 of natural samples available at the surface of the Earth.


Among the exotic and yet unobserved features of multi-channel Kondo impurity models is their sub-unitary single electron scattering. In the two-channel Kondo model, for example, an incoming electron is fully scattered into a many-body excitation such that the single particle Green function vanishes. Here we propose to directly observe these features in a charge-Kondo device encapsulated in a Mach-Zehnder interferometer - within a device already studied in Ref.[1]. We provide detailed predictions for the visibility and phase of the Aharonov-Bohm oscillations depending on the number of coupled channels and the asymmetry of their couplings.


Recently I was surprised, thrilled and most honoured to receive from the Society of British Neurological Surgeons (SBNS) its medal for contributions to Neurosurgery. I was particularly surprised as it is now more than 10 years since I retired from active Neurosurgery. It did set me thinking about things that I had been involved in, that I had enjoyed, and that might have been worthy of such consideration. I soon realised that if any of these activities had proved useful then there were certain vital acknowledgements to be made of the part played by others, without whom, quite honestly very little would have been achieved. The idea for the first Senior Registrar's Travelling Club came from late night meandering conversations with Ted Buckley and Brian Cummins when we were in Oxford in 1967. I got the job of organising the first meeting in Birmingham in 1969, and I understand it's gone from strength to strength since, surviving even Calman and the European Working Time Directive! The original idea for the Journal came out of the same Oxford period, and was the recognition of the need for an alternative to then existing three American neurosurgical journals. In 1980, when we were both on Council, Huw Griffith proposed and I seconded, the proposition that the SBNS should establish a British Journal of Neurosurgery . At that time nothing happened – ''The Green Journal'' published the societies abstracts at that time and council expressed a preference to remain loyal to this journal which had served it well to that point. It took a serendipitous meeting with a publisher for Huw to get the Journal started in 1987, but it was always intended that there should be a close association with the SBNS, and we hoped that it might eventually be seen as the voice for British Neurosurgical practice. At that time I only acted as treasurer and only later became the owner when Huw had tragically developed and succumbed to prostatic cancer. The real reason for its achieving eventual success has been that it has been blessed with a series of excellent Editors. The establishment of the Pain Relief Foundation (PRF) arose from discussions with Sam Lipton and David Bowsher and that what the group needed was a 'naive Neurosurgeon' (if there ever was such a thing). Sam was always the main inspiration for the PRF as a Charity, and the Research Institute and its academic staffing, just evolved from having a source of funding. The establishment of a full University Department of Neurosciences in Liverpool, was only possible with the active support of my neurosurgical colleague Broni Sedzimer and the Professor of Surgery in Liverpool, Bob Shields. The combination of all the neuroscience activities there has been, I think, a template for much good work The most satisfying research that I have been involved in, that of the demonstration of a neurophysiological mechanism behind the role of vascular compression of the trigeminal nerve in causing Trigeminal neuralgia, and the immediate restitution of function by decompression, is an even better example of the value of a team in solving a specific problem in medicine. Jim Meaney a radiologist, showed how to get MRI to confirm the compression; David Bowsher, that there was a Quantitative Sensory Deficit that was corrected by satisfactory decompression; Professor Massimo Leandri, that there was electrical transmission failure at the root entry zone, that corrected within 10 minutes of decompression, and Paul Eldridge was always there, ready to advise and be correct. I am grateful, to the Editors, for being allowed the opportunity to fully acknowledge the part played by others in anything that I might have contributed to neurosurgery, and perhaps more than any other factor, the endless 'team' of trainees, that I have so enjoyed, learnt from, and hope not to have too unfairly, used.


among the several authors, the general picture is one of an abundance of material well-presented and readily available. In a work of this size, errors are bound to creep in. One that may cause trouble to students unfamiliar with the metric system is found on page 12, where the nanogram is incorrectly defined. In all fairness to the editors, however, the volumes show evidence of detailed and painstaking preparation. This new edition of Gradwohl is an expensive one, but it is worth the money and should be available to all workers in up-to-date clinical laboratories. MARTIN I. GOLDENBERG


Building multi air conditioners (VRF: Variable Refrigerant Flow system) are commonly used for buildings in Asia and Europe. It has several advantages compared to conventional central air conditioning, that is, higher efficiency, low maintenance cost and easy installation. For high efficiency and reliability, DC compressor was developed. Oil injection mechanism was adopted for low rpm and part load operation. By the control of oil circulation in the compressor, oil discharge rate was reduced. A plate heat exchanger was used for higher sub-cooling of refrigerant and high rise installation. For easy maintenance, automatic fuzzy based refrigerant charging and charge check-up function were developed with accuracy of ±10%. As a result, the newly developed building multi air conditioner provides more energy saving, installation flexibility and maintenance easiness for building owners and administrators.


We made an on-site investigation about pedestrian violation of traffic signals at a signalized intersection in Xi'an, Shaanxi province, China. Based on it, we studied the impact of pedestrian's waiting time on violation decision and the impact of the number of pedestrians in colony on the probability of swarming pedestrians' violation. The result revealed that the probability of pedestrian violation rose with the waiting time for the pedestrians' green signal. Then we developed a Monte Carlo model for simulating mixed vehicles and pedestrians and used the on-site investigation data to validate the model. When traffic volume is light, the error between the simulated values and the measured ones is 2.47%. When traffic volume is heavy, the error is 3.38%.


Newfoundland.&dquo; He apparently confuses the word &dquo;bank&dquo; with that of &dquo;coast,&dquo; not knowing that the Newfoundland banks are submarine plateaus which are in some cases several hundred miles from the coast of Newfoundland. There has been no serious dispute between Canada and the United States concerning fishing rights along these banks situated far out in the open sea. As a university dissertation, this study by Dr. Mitchell fulfilled all the prescribed regulations; as a contribution to knowledge, it is far from impressive. CHARLES C. TANSILL


There is a vital role for commercial bank to promote or foster the economic transition for private enterprises. Global financial crisis, melt with tighten monetary policy could intensify fund shortage for private small and medium enterprises in Zhejiang province which become the main obstacle to industrial transform and upgrade. Here, we illustrated that financial supply chain brought opportunities for bank to innovate its credit ratio behavior academically and practically. Compared with the traditional business, the one-to-one relationship between bank and customer is substituted by one-to-chain that provide an opportunity for bank to break the technique obstacles by credit ratio and to innovate instruments for SME financing. Specially, we pay more attention to the regional financing ecological environment in Zhejiang province, discuss the changes in industrial operation mode and in financial business facilities, and suggest possible directions for further moves in credit innovation which would be support functions both for banks transition directly and for small and medium enterprises upgrade indirectly.


In this paper the dynamic behavior of a microgrid is investigated using eigenanalysis and system identification techniques. A detailed nonlinear model of the microgrid is developed in Matlab/Simulink and is used to obtain a linearized approximation to perform eigenanalysis. Moreover, the system eigenvalues are also analyzed by applying a system identification technique on the dynamic responses. The results from both methods are compared and evaluated. A microgrid with rotating and inverter-interfaced units is studied and results for various operating scenarios, such as changes in the synchronous generators torque, load changes and changes in the inverters setpoints, are presented. The influence of each parameter change on the system eigenvalues is highlighted.


In this paper, we deal with the growth of solutions of certain type of higher order nonhomogeneous linear differential equations with entire coefficients having the same order. Under some conditions on the coefficients, we prove that every solution is of infinite order with bounded hyper order. Our results extend the previous results in references [4] and [11]. Mathematics Subject Classification (2010): 34M10, 30D35.


The results revealed the activity of some digestive enzymes in the anterior, middle, posterior portions of midgut of third instar larvae of Eristalis megacephala and it showed that the highest pH of trypsin was at pH 6 in anterior mid-gut, middle mid-gut, and posterior mid-gut. The highest pH of chymotrypsin in anterior mid-gut was at pH 7, in the middle mid-gut it was nearly similar at all chosen pH values but slightly higher at pH 7 ,while the chymotrypsin activity in the posterior mid-gut of the larval stage of Eristalis megacephala was highest at pH 8.The highest activity of leucine – aminopeptidase was at pH 9 in anterior mid-gut, at pH 6 in middle mid-gut and at pH 7 in posterior mid-gut. The highest pH of carboxypeptidase A in the anterior mid-gut was at pH 6, in the middle mid-gut was at pH 7, while at pH 6 in the posterior mid-gut. The highest pH activity of carboxypeptidase B was 9 in anterior, middle and posterior mid-guts. Some glucosidases were studied and it showed that the highest pH of α- glucosidase was at pH 5.6 in anterior, middle and posterior mid-gut .The highest pH of β- glucosidase was at pH 6 in anterior, middle and posterior mid-gut. The highest pH of α- galactosidase was highest at pH 6 in anterior mid-gut and in the middle and posterior mid-gut at pH 5.6 .The highest pH of β- galactosidase was highest at pH 6 in anterior, middle and posterior mid-guts .The highest pH of α – amylase is at pH 3.6 in anterior mid-gut, pH 6 in middle mid-gut and pH 5.6 in posterior mid-gut. The present study also revealed that the activity of acid – phosphatase was high in anterior mid-gut that middle and posterior mid-gut while the activity of alkaline phosphatase was nearly similar in anterior, middle and posterior mid-gut but slightly higher in anterior mid-gut of larval stage of Eristalis megacephala.


Using two tussah silkworm varieties 981 and 941 which were introduced from Indian and Korean as parents,a new early-maturing and multi-resistant tussah silkworm variety Zao 418 was bred by means of cross breeding.It was further hybridized with Kangda,a current variety with high resistance and yield,to prepare hybrid combination Zao 418×Kangda.The new variety Zao 418 and its hybrid combination had the following characteristics:short larval duration,strong disease resistance and high cocoon productivity.The average duration of all larval instars in spring and autumn of Zao 418 was 8.43 d shorter than Kangda,and that of Zao 418×Kangda was 6.90 d shorter than that of Kangda×8821.The death rate of Zao 418 after infection by Antheraea pernyi nucleopolyhedrovirus(ApNPV) was 11.2 percentage points lower than that of Kangda,and that of Zao 418×Kangda was 13.6 percentage points lower than that of Kangda×8821.The average number of cocoons harvested in spring and autumn from 1 kg eggs of Zao 418 was 46 680,being 11.22% higher than Kangda.The number of cocoons harvested in spring from 1 kg eggs of Zao 418×Kangda was 52 360,being 16.98% higher than Kangda×8821.The cocoon weight harvested in autumn from 1 kg eggs of Zao 418×Kangda was 443.44 kg,being 24.44% higher than Kangda×8821.The new variety Zao 418 and its hybrid combination Zao 418×Kangda not only have early-maturing feature but also have high resistance and yield,being especially suitable for rearing in the regions with short frost-free period.


The use of iron mining tailings in compacted landfills is expected to expand more and more to replace the placement of tailings in dams. With this, the unsaturated condition of these materials becomes of great importance for the safety of the structures executed with them. In addition to tests in the saturated condition, and with the objective of simplifying the determination of strength parameters in the unsaturated condition, direct shear tests with constant water content were performed. Data of physical and chemical characterization of the tailings, and the water retention curve at the compacted state and continuously disturbed condition are also presented. The latter aims to evaluate the effect of the shear process on the final suction of the material. The results suggest that there are no significant variations in suctions during the failure process and that, in this case, the initial suction can be assumed to be the same as the one at failure. The shear strength parameters indicate a high friction angle, which does not vary with suction. With the data obtained, it was possible to apply the model of Vilar (2006) to obtain the shear envelope with suction. The results presented aim not only to expand the database of iron ore tailings parameters, but also to present a procedure for the application of tests with constant water content.


Useful applications for squeezed states of light have been theorized for decades, however, only recently have advancements in the technology allowed for experimental investigations into applications of squeezed light. Most experiments which involve squeezing could be benefited by having a squeezing source which produces stable, highly squeezed states. This thesis investigates the generation of squeezed states of light which exhibit these properties, stability and high levels of squeezing. The key investigations are; • Initially a model is produced which estimates the expected level of squeezing in a singly or doubly resonant cavity. The properties of the cavity are altered by varying the reflectivity of one of the cavity mirrors for either the pump or seed frequencies. The effects of increasing pump power and introducing additional losses into the cavity are investigated as well as the optimum resonance conditions for maximum squeezing. • Built 3 squeezers with 3 different nonlinear mediums. A maximum squeezing value was found for each of the crystals and any effects which degraded or improved the results were investigated. Using PPKTP 5.8±0.1dB of squeezing was directly observed. Using PPSLT 4.9±0.1dB of squeezing was directly observed. PPSLT was found to have an unusually high threshold power, indicating that the crystal may have had a nonlinear coefficient much lower than expected. Using 1.7% MgO:PPSLN 1.1±0.2dB of squeezing was observed. The poor squeezing results were due to an anomaly in the material which affected its reflectivity and is investigated in the thesis. • The intra-cavity loss introduced to the system through the addition of each of the crystals was inferred from measurements of the cavity finesse, and the effect of this loss is explored. • Demonstrated the usefulness of a wedge in periodically poled materials to reach the optimum resonance condition in the squeezing setup. It is shown that the wedge is capable of cancelling the dispersion introduced in a round trip of the cavity, with no discernible negative effects. These investigations are used to comment on the suitability of each of these crystals for future experiments involving squeezing and possible modifications to improve the results.


Currently, server fans often over-cool the CPUs, contributing to increased use of energy. A thermal model-based real-time fan controller was studied in this paper to reduce the energy consumption in server CPU fans. A reduced order model of the server CPU and its heatsink was developed using proper orthogonal decomposition (POD), which provided 180 times faster simulation times, with reasonable accuracy. This was used in conjunction with a fan control strategy to achieve 27% savings in energy consumed for cooling.


Relative rates of polymer removal in an oxygen plasma have been measured for 40 polymer samples. The rates of removal are correlated, with structural factors which enhance or retard removal. Strong backbone bonds, aromatic and polar functional groups, and metallic atoms decrease the removal rates. Weak bonds not attached to the- polymer backbone have little affect while weak bonds attached directly to the chain or in the chain greatly accelerate removal. Chlorine present in the polymer catalyzes removal. This can be mimicked by mixtures of CF4, and O2 for which much enhanced removal rates are observed.


Chimeric T cell receptors (cTCR) with an antibody specificity have been proposed in several models as a combination of antibody and cellular immunotherapy without MHC restriction. Such a tool could be of a limited use in HIV infection because of the great variability of the virus. The human single‐chain antibody (ScFv‐b12) derives from the b12 antibody directed to the CD4 binding site of gp120, a potent neutralizer of different HIV‐1 strains, including a large panel of primary isolates. A single‐chain fragment variable (ScFv) bearing the VH Pro → Glu mutation that improves b12 affinity 54‐fold, called ScFv‐b12E, was also constructed. The ScFv were linked to the signal‐transducing γ chain of the FcγRIII, with or without spacer region, and expressed in the murine MD45 T cell line. The different cTCR formats behave similarly in terms of ScFv surface expression, but differ according to their activation threshold. T cell transfectants can be stimulated with immobilized gp120 derived from all HIV strains tested. BHK cells infected with Semliki forest virus (SFV) carrying an HIV‐1 envelope gene (SFV‐env) derived from either HIV‐1 laboratory strains (LAI, MN12, HXB2) or field isolates (BX08, CHAR or 133) were used as targets for the transfectants. All gp120‐expressing cells induced cTCR‐specific activation. The latter result is contrasting with the lack of specific recognition of SFV‐CHAR‐ or 133‐infected cells by the native b12 antibody, as measured by cytofluorometric analysis. Finally, HeLa cells (which constitutively express the coreceptor CXCR4) are able to bind HIV‐1 gp160 when transfected with the chimeric receptor ScFv‐b12‐γ, but, importantly, do not become infected by the virus. Our results therefore suggest that cTCR with b12 specificity can confer to T cells broad anti‐HIV reactivity without making them susceptible to HIV infection.


In this study, 43 sesame genotypes were tested against the sesame leaf roller and capsule borer Antigastra catalaunalis (Dup) using 0–9 scale scoring technique. The differential response of the genotypes was noticed at the various crop growth stages. The genotypes, SI 250, ES 22 and UMA showed resistance at all the three stages, i.e. vegetative, flowering and pod maturity. However, TKG 309 and CST 2001-3 showed resistance only at the vegetative stage; KMR 14 and VRI 1 exhibited resistance only at the pod maturity stage. Based on the overall grading, SI 250 and UMA genotypes were found resistant, and ES 22 was highly resistant.


This paper illustrates by proving the generalization of Milne's theorem and Jabotinsky's theorem a general method for computing the product of two infinite matrices.


This research paper will analyze and review intensively the contemporary Chinese history dealt with in high school textbooks, 『History of the World』, 『History of East Asia』, particularly the descriptions associated with the Cultural Revolution. Contemporary Chinese history, which is the subject of review of this paper corresponds to the period of China from the 1950s until the early 1990s that was not very accessible to Korean people. Like our national history, the world's history covers the histories of other countries, and given the impact that textbooks have, we need to fully examine the documents for the descriptions and historical presentations. Of course, due to political reasons, because the chinese government would not disclose the objective documents, it is true that we are having a lot of difficulties to describe the history. Nevertheless, we will have to provide a compilation of standards for the basis of objective facts and describe them based on the evidences. This paper was started from awareness of the problem. And I will point out the problems identified after analyzing the descriptions related to the Cultural Revolution in high school textbooks. And I hope that this paper will help to modify the content of our textbooks later. In order to perform research effectively, this paper will analyze the contents of the textbooks, 『History of the World』 and 『History of East Asia』 which are being used in high schools. In addition, I am trying to juxtapose our textbooks with those in China which describe the Cultural Revolution. Through this research, it is my hope that understanding the Cultural Revolution more accurately will lead us to firmly grasp the past and the present of the People's Republic of China.


We prove a second main theorem type estimate in Nevanlinna theory for holomorphic curves f : Y → X from finite covering spaces Y → ℂ of the complex plane ℂ into complex projective manifolds X of maximal albanese dimension. If X is moreover of general type, then this implies that the special set of X is a proper subset of X. For a projective curve C in such X, our estimate also yields an upper bound of the ratio of the degree of C to the geometric genus of C, provided that C is not contained in a proper exceptional subset in X.


The purpose of this research is to automatically detect punctuation in speech using only prosodic cues. We aim to integrate prosodic elements such as pauses, changes in f0 and amplitude range, into an Automatic Speech Recognition engine in order to generate punctuation for read speech, without taking the context of the sentences into consideration. We trained acoustic models of the prosodic features of two Punctuation Marks (PMs): full-stop and comma, which we assume have distinct prosodic characteristics. A Neural Network was used to estimate the weights assigned to each prosodic feature that corresponds to a particular PM, later to be used by a PM classifier. Results show that 87% of full-stops were detected, with only 14% false alarms. Nevertheless, since most commas are realized with no pitch breaks, only 54% of the commas were detected, with 35% false alarms. Our results support the hypothesis that acoustic-prosodic cues provide useful evidence about phrases.


This paper elucidates how many‐particle quantum hydrodynamic equations underlie the virial formula, including its surface pressure term. It shows the relation of the field variables to the particle Wigner function, proposes a many‐particle ''liquid'' model to approximate these variables, and discusses its application to electrons in semiconductor nanostructures.


Managing data for patron privacy focuses primarily on 'what' and 'why' of data – what data is being collected, and why – rather than the 'how' in which that data is stored. While the latter is important, the authors seek to present the antithesis of the approach favoured by search engine and social media behemoths – to collect and manage only that data which is appropriate and necessary, rather than vacuuming the world's data exhaust in the hope it will one day be useful. The concept of 'patron data' tends to focus on data collected from the patron as they interact with library technology – the searches performed on public access computers, and the items borrowed from the collection. As such, data privacy discussions lend themselves especially well to patrons of public libraries–who engagewith their library for allmanner of reasons, some relating to very sensitive matters. However, Briney and Yoose increase the accessibility of their work by addressing the concept of patron privacy from an additional angle – the privacy of the patrons themselves as they enter and use the library's physical space. Whether the patron's movements are captured by security cameras, and the situation of public access computers within the library, are two of many ways the policies of each individual library – whether public, academic, school, or special – impacts how patrons interact with its spaces and services. Presented at the end of each chapter, fictional case studies are used to serve as an opportunity to reinforce the practical application of various data management theories, from both public and academic library perspectives. Briney and Yoose's inherent North American focus (encapsulated in its early mention of the US PATRIOT Act) may initially be interpreted as a limitation; however subsequent chapters remind the reader that data rarely shares the same geographical bounds as the patron who generates it, or the library which collects it – the pertinence of this point being well-highlighted where vendors are concerned. Data is the new oil – like oil it holds value, and like oil, its mishandling can lead to damaging and hard-to-resolve situations.Managing Data for Patron Privacy offers an array of strategies to mitigate such situations, while inviting an intriguing question – can the library still be considered a private space?


Preface 1. Introduction The Network Operating System The Desktop Operating System Operating System Configuration and Rollout ZENworks Components A Final Word 2. The ZENworks Installation The ZENworks Product NDS Considerations Installation Installing Software Metering The NWADMIN Program A Final Word 3. The NetWare Clients and Related Components Client Configuration The Windows NT/2000 Client The Windows 95/98 Client The Windows 3.x Client The Workstation Manager The Help Requester A Final Word 4. ZENworks Policy Packages NDS Considerations Creating Policy Packages Adding Actions The Policy Scheduler Windows NT Dynamic Local User The Helpdesk Policy The Desktop Preferences Policy The NT User Printer Policy About User and Computer System Policies Windows 95/98 and NT User System Policy Packages Windows NT and 95/98 Computer System Policies Windows 3.x Computer System Policy Client Configuration Policy Computer Printer Policy RAS Configuration Policy Remote Management Policies Restrict Login Policy Search Policy Extensible Policies Workstation Import Policy Workstation Inventory Policy A Final Word 5. Workstation Objects and Inventory NDS Considerations Workstation Objects The Inventory Server and Database Server Workstation Inventory Software Inventory Reporting A Final Word 6. The Novell Application Launcher NAL Overview How the Application Launcher Works NDS Considerations The Application Install Process The NAL User Interface The snAppShot Tool Application Objects Making Applications Work Launcher Configuration Application Folders A Final Word 7. Application Metering Preparing the Server Creating a Metered Certificate Linking the Certificate with an Application A Final Word 8. Remote Management Remote Management Prerequisites How Remote Management Works Remote Ping Remote Control Remote View Remote File Transfer Remote Execute Remote Chat Remote Diagnostics A Final Word A. The Future of ZENworks B. Integrating Other Authentication Systems C. Other Sources of Information Index


Accurate predictions of annular frictional pressure losses (AFPL) are important for optimal hydraulic program design of both vertical and horizontal wells. In this study the effects of drillpipe rotation on AFPL for laminar, helical flow of power law fluids are investigated through theoretical, experimental and field data studies. In the theoretical study flow models were developed for concentric and eccentric pipe configurations assuming that pipe rotates about its axis. A hybrid-analytical solution is developed for calculating AFPL in eccentric pipe configuration. Computer simulations indicate that the shear-thinning effect induced by pipe rotation results in reduction of AFPL in both concentric and eccentric pipe configurations. The pressure reduction is most significant for concentric pipe configuration. For conventional rotary drilling geometry and pipe rotary speeds the reduction in AFPL is small. A number of laboratory experiments conducted on the full-scale TUDRP flow loop are generally in good agreement with the results of modeling. Available field data, however, consistently show an increase in AFPL. This behavior is explained by pipe lateral movement (swirling), which causes turbulence and eventually an increase in AFPL.


Bernard Williams once made the interesting point that both Ludwig Wittgenstein and Friedrich Nietzsche were trying to say something about what it might mean for philosophy to come to an end, for a culture to be cured of philosophy. He meant the end of philosophical theory, the idea that unaided human reason could contribute to knowledge about substance, being, our conceptual scheme, the highest values, the meaning of history or the way language works. For both Wittgenstein and Nietzsche there is no good or modest version of these attempts, any more than there are good and bad versions of astrology or alchemy. There is no such thing as philosophical theory and there never was. Of course it has always been obvious that the status of the account that somehow .makes' this observation is immediately problematic, but Williams also noted that the case of Nietzsche was even more difficult than that of Wittgenstein. "With Nietzsche, by contrast, the resistance to the continuation of philosophy by ordinary means is built into the text, which is booby-trapped, not only against recovering theory from it, but, in many cases, against any systematic exegesis that assimilates it to theory." How the rhetoric of textual ,booby-traps' works is an interesting topic and I want to discuss a possible example in a minute. But, the important point is not Nietzsche's resistance to incoporation into traditional philosophical theory. That point is obvious, even if the steady stream of books about Nietzsche's metaphysics, or value theory, or even epistemology shows no sign of abating. The interesting question is rather what one takes such resistance to mean, what the practical point is, we might say, of the act of so resisting, what Nietzsche is trying to ,do' with his books, as much as what his books


Motivation. The topochemically arrived unique (TAU) scheme, developed in valence electron mobile (VEM) environment, is unique in that it unravels specific contributions of functionality, branching, shape and size factors to the physicochemical property or biological activity while most other indices give mainly a global contribution of the molecule. QSPR/QSAR studies with TAU indices on different physicochemical properties/biological activities of diverse functional compounds will explore the usefulness of TAU indices in modeling studies. Method. The present communication attempts to correlate water solubility, ln S, of 193 diverse functional acyclic compounds with different TAU indices, namely T, TR, F, B, NV, NP, NI, NX, and NY. Sometimes, TAU relations have been improved further upon inclusion of suitable indicator or integer variables. The statistical quality of the QSPR model has been judged by statistical parameters such as predicted variance Q 2 , explained variance Ra 2 , correlation coefficient R, and variance ratio F. Results. This study shows that TAU indices, along with appropriate indicator variables, can predict up to 91.4% and explain 91.9% of the variance of water solubility. The relations can unravel specific contributions of molecular bulk (size), functionality, branching and shape parameters to the water solubility of diverse functional compounds. In general, water solubility increases with increase in functionality and branching, and decreases with increase in molecular bulk. Further, halocarbons and hydrocarbons specifically show reduced water solubility. Some of the hydrocarbons and halogen compounds act as outliers. Conclusions. The TAU index is an important tool in exploring structure–property relationships in view of its potential to unravel specific contributions of different structural parameters like molecular bulk, shape factors, branching, functionality and carbon skeletal structure.


We are honored that three such distinguished colleagues commented on our paper. Before responding, we want to reiterate what we wrote in our article—the assumption that managers should apply as much pertinent information as possible (including experience from other organizations or fields) to their decision making is sound and noncontroversial. Our purpose was limited to drawing attention to additional assumptions that underlie the present advocacy for evidence-based management but are not made explicit: decisions will yield anticipated results; they are generalizable across organizations; and evidence is objective and context free. We focused on these assumptions because health care organizations are complex systems, they are not mechanistic structures, and because we see potential pitfalls if evidence-based management is pursued with these unexpressed assumptions taken for granted. All three commentators agreed with us that health care organizations are complex systems and all three mentioned explicitly or implicitly that managers do or should discard practices that they deem ineffective. That is consistent with our own thinking and provides a sound basis for a continuing dialogue about evidencebased management. We were puzzled, therefore, when Banaszak-Holl wrote later that ''the trend is actually away from adaptive systems and toward the use of standardized and replicable processes'' and brushed aside our concerns as ''poorly grounded.'' Both Begun and McDaniel agreed with our concern about the broad scope of evidencebased management as presented by its advocates, and both suggested limiting it to narrower circumstances or purposes. The former, for example, supports Shortell, Rundall, and Hsu (2007) who advocate for evidence-based management to support the implementation of specific evidence-based clinical guidelines. As Begun wrote, ''[These] are arenas of management life where scientific evidence is convincing enough that it should affect decision making.'' McDaniel similarly limited the scope of evidence-based management to ''local'' areas and enriched the discussion further when he viewed evidence not as a ready solution but as an ''opportunity for relevant dialogue.'' This view encourages managers to seek evidence but does not compel them to merely replicate it; rather, they are advised to use it as a focus for reflection in their particular context and as a foundation for learning. McDaniel also suggested small-scale experiments or pilot projects to clarify the appropriateness of a management practice in a specific context. We find all the above approaches compelling and support them wholeheartedly. We expressed concern that unless there is more transparency about the unspoken assumptions underlying the advocacy for evidencebased management, the calls for management practice guidelines will increase. McDaniel and Begun raised additional concerns. The former saw danger in managers fostering too much consensus because ''tension and conflict can be sources of creativity,'' whereas the latter simply stated that it is a ''managers' jobs to use [the evidence] or not.'' This contrasts sharply with Banaszak-Holl who argued that different health care organizations already have ''similarmissions, stakeholders, and regulatory requirements'' and that the evidence-basedmanagementmovement will require them to reach ''consensus about managerial practice.'' That is a tall order, indeed. Of even greater concern is that she then asserted that managers who fail to investigate prior experience are ''guilty of gross violation of standards of prudence and trust.'' Such an argument sets up a straw man in the form of managers who deliberately make decisions in a vacuum (and July–September 2009 222


Rural electrification is of great economic and social significance in both developing and developed countries. Many isolated communities however are still wanting unrestricted low cost electricity. The lack of a secure energy supply is a major impediment to individual and community self reliance. The application of AC and DC feeders for the isolated loads is explained in this paper.


Wireless embedded systems, especially life-critical body-area networks, need security in order to prevent unauthorized and malicious users from injecting traffic and accessing confidential data. Coupled with the security costs in system performance and power consumption, embedded systems are also restricted by the type of security that can fit in their limited memory. To address these issues, we introduce a Dynamic Security System (DYNASEC), a novel architecture that ensures message integrity and confidentiality in wireless embedded systems. A delay-aware heuristic attempts to maximize security levels of different nodes throughout the system while ensuring that timing constraints are met. This experimental analysis on a reconfigurable electrocardiogram (ECG) application validates the efficacy of the DYNASEC architecture in a body area network. Our experiments demonstrate that DYNASEC enables lightweight medical embedded systems to dynamically optimize security levels to meet timing constraints in a body sensor network.


Background: The skin is the largest organ, covering most of the human body and comprises of 15% of the body's weight. Dry skin occurs when there is reduction in water residing in the epidermis, causing the skin to flake and crack. Dry skin is also known as xerosis or xeroderma, affecting around 75% of individuals aged 64 and over. Urea based emollients are widely used for the treatment of dry skin conditions such as xerosis.
Aim: The aim of this proposal is to determine whether there is a measurable difference in skin hydration levels of skin on the plantar aspect of the feet with the application of 5% and 10% concentrations of a urea based moisturiser.
Method: Forty patients will be recruited from a private podiatry practice and all participants will receive the same treatment. The emollients used in this study are CCS Ⓡ footcare cream (10% urea) and Eucerin Ⓡ repair cream (5% urea). These emollients will be placed into 28 5g containers and one applied to each foot once daily. All participants will be asked not to use any topical skin preparations on their lower limb 14 days prior to the study.
Data: The raw data from the hydration measurements taken from the right and left feet from day 0, day 14 and day 28 by a corneometer. The hypothesis is the emollient CCS foot care cream with a higher % concentration of urea has an increased effect on skin hydration levels. Comparisons will be made between both feet on the baseline (day 0), day 14 and day 28. Data will be analysed with parametric Student t-test using the statistical programme SPSS version 21.
Keywords: skin, emollients, urea, xerosis, anhidrosis, skin hydration, corneometer,


From January 2013 to date, the University of California has piloted a system‐wide e‐book demand driven access (DDA) program comprised of University Press publications in the Arts, Humanities, and Social Sciences. This paper reviews the pilot's progress, specifically focusing on how well it has achieved the hopes and dreams laid out by several of the participating campus librarians prior to the pilot's launch. In January 2013, nine of the ten University of California campuses initiated a system‐wide demand driven (DDA) e‐book acquisitions pilot with ebrary as the e‐book supplier and YBP as the DDA purchasing management system. The only campus that declined to participate in the pilot program was the University of California San Francisco, our medical campus, due to their specific collection needs. In the areas of the arts, humanities, and social sciences, the pilot focused on making university press titles accessible for short‐term loan (STL) and purchase. The attention on the chosen subject areas and the specific presses was by design. The STEM subject areas had been successfully purchasing and demonstrating the need and value of e‐books, and the arts, humanities, and social sciences had had fewer opportunities to experiment with e‐book acquisition across the UC system. The pilot offered an opportunity for the arts, humanities, and social sciences to test patron interest in e‐ books. Further, the University of California system‐wide collections group wanted to support university presses, and the pilot was a chance to do that by exposing university press content for demand‐driven interest across the UCs. The pilot was overseen by a task force comprised of librarian representatives from the nine participating campuses as well as a licensing expert from the California Digital Library (CDL). The license was negotiated with the CDL representative, and the shared catalog records for the DDA discovery pool were managed by the University of California's Shared Cataloging Program. In total, 63 university presses exposed their DDA‐eligible content for the pilot. We included publications from 2010–2015 in the discovery pool and, as of the end of October 2015, 4,620 DDA‐eligible records have been uploaded into the UC's shared catalog. In November 2012, two months prior to the pilot's launch, several UC colleagues put together a presentation for the Charleston Conference that outlined our hopes and dreams for the pilot [see Collective Collection Building and DDA, http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284315306]. This paper revisits those hopes and dreams and assesses the pilot against them.


With the continuous changes in modern undergraduate education, personnel training, and education methods, the significance of innovation ability in comprehensive quality training has become a normalized goal. The simulation platform's experimental learning can provide the foundation for the integrated teaching model's training of engineering project simulation ability as well as training of innovative ideas and divergent thinking. Therefore, the development and practice of engineering projects based on the simulation platform are common experimental methods in teaching. This article locates the innovative talent training concept of "high comprehensive quality and strong practical ability," which is based on the MURobotSys simulation platform to carry out robot innovation teaching, put forward and practice the "Three-layers" teaching system, under the traction of innovative practical teaching and robot competition. Providing a complete, reasonable and efficient teaching system for the cultivation of students' innovative ability has important significance and effect on the cultivation of students' innovative ability.


The colonisation of two invasive species, Elodea canadensis and Elodea nuttallii was studied in the cut-off channels of the Rhone floodplain (France). The characteristics of the stations where the two species occurred are reported. The two species colonise new areas most often through vegetative fragments transported by water currents and the connectivity of cut-off channels to the main river is probably the essential parameter of their colonisation by the two Elodea species. The replacement of E. canadensis by E. nuttallii was compared in two cut-off channels, one subject only to the natural dynamics of the main river (flood disturbances), and the second subject to restoration work. In the first case the replacement was low and the two species were still found in the channel but did not co-exist in the same area. In the second case the replacement was very rapid (less than one year) and resulted in the total exclusion of E. canadensis. Several hypotheses are given (interspecific competition or other factors) to explain the replacement process, and more studies are needed to elucidate the mechanism of this phenomenon.


The objective of this paper is to present a genetic algorithm‐based stochastic dynamic programming (GA‐based SDP) to cope with the dimensionality problem of a multiple‐reservoir system. The joint long‐term operation of a parallel reservoir system in the Feitsui and Shihmen reservoirs in northern Taiwan demonstrates the successful application of the proposed GA‐based SDP model. Within the case study system it is believed that GA is a useful technique in supporting optimization. Though the employment of GA‐based SDP may be time consuming as it proceeds through generation by generation, the model can overcome the "dimensionality curse" in searching solutions. Simulation results show Feitsui's surplus water can be utilized efficiently to fill Shihmen's deficit water without affecting Feitsui's main purpose as Taipei city's water supply. The optimal joint operation suggests that Feitsui, on average, can provide 650,000 m3/day and 920,000 m3/day to Shihmen during the wet season and dry season, respectively.


Pain catastrophizing is a negative cognitive distortion to actual or anticipated pain. Our aim was to determine if greater catastrophizing has a deleterious relationship with pain intensity and efficacy outcomes in patients receiving SCS.


We report the synthesis, characterization and transport properties of HCl doped Polyaniline. The UV-visible spectroscopy results establish that the doping of HCl modifies the band gap of pure polyaniline. The transport measurement was performed on bulk pelletized sample, and the doped sample is found to have reasonably low resistivity at room temperature (10 mω-cm). In order to understand the transport mechanism, we analyze the temperature dependence of resistivity and current-voltage (I-V) characteristics of the pelletized sample. The I-V characteristics are found to be non-linear at all measured temperatures (80-300 K). Fitting of the temperature dependent resistivity plot by different available models indicate that no single model is applicable in the whole temperature range of investigation. It implies that HCl doped polyaniline is highly disordered due to proton doping.


Generalized maximum dynamic flow, earliest arrival flow and contraflow problems have been extensively discussed as core problems in the research of evacuation planning. In this work, we formulate and justify the solution procedure of two problems. First, we present the generalized maximum dynamic contraflow problem where a maximum amount of evacuees can be sent to a safe destination from the dangerous place within a given time horizon with minimum loss by allowing reversing the direction of the roads. Second, the generalized earliest arrival contraflow is formulated where as many evacuees as possible should be sent in every time period to a safe destination from dangerous place through highest gain path allowing reversing the direction of the roads. A pseudopolynomial time algorithm for both problems will be presented on a single source and a single sink lossy network having capacities, transit times and gain factors on the arcs.


A device for diagnosing measurement objects using a measurement voltage comprises a housing (2), in which at least one electric measurement circuit (3) is arranged for carrying out the diagnosis. To this end, the device is designed for the simultaneous diagnosis of a plurality of measurement objects using the same measurement voltage and comprises at least two separate connecting elements (5a, 5b, 5c) for connecting one measurement object each to the measurement voltage. The measurement circuit (2) in turn comprises at least two current detection units (20a, 20b, 20c) and a voltage detection unit (26), by means of which the current flowing through each measurement object and the measurement voltages present at all measurement objects can be measured at the same time.


Passive microwave remote sensing was firstly applied to detect the moon by Chang'E-1 satellite with a four channel microwave radiometer. Its primary goal is to detect the thickness of lunar regolith and to assess the content of 3He. There are remained theoretical problems to be systematically solved, which include to research the microwave radiation transfer properties and to establish the suitable model to inverse lunar regolith depth. Considering the variation of these factors influencing on the brightness temperature, a new multi-layer microwave transfer model to inverse the depth of lunar regolith is presented. The physical factors among top lunar regolith influencing the brightness temperature change sharply with the thickness, so the top lunar regolith is divided subtly. On the contrary, the deep lunar regolith where the factors vary slowly with the thickness is divided roughly. Then, by applying the fluctuation dissipation theorem, the brightness temperatures obtained from four frequency channels (3.0GHz, 7.8GHz, 19.35GHz, 37GHz) are simulated based on the multi-layer model at different locations on the moon and at different times of a lunar day. In comparison the calculated results with other models, it indicates that the proposed model has better stability and less calculation.


In a judgment of 26 September 2018, the French Supreme Court ruled for the first time on a failure to comply with commitments undertaken before the French Competition Authority (FCA) to close…


The article presents the results of the current pilot study of the problem of professional burnout of the specialists of social sphere of the Krasnoyarsk Territory. They are subjected to the scientific analysis in terms of identifying the key phenomena of professional consciousness, which could act as the factors of the prevention of this syndrome.


This paper is a reflection on the relations between an individual and the different groups to whom he belongs during the course of his life. The aim of this paper is to describe these relations in the terms of the paradigm of a matrix and an intruder. We believe that this interpretation can shed an interesting light on the individual development. It can also provide a key of interpretation of some fundamental life events that may be of help for therapists. The two roles are distinct, but in time an individual can assume either or even both at the same time. We argue that this duality could be the expression of the opposing poles of a Jungian archetype. We also elaborate on the relations of this archetype with the septenary model of the psyche of the Swiss psychoanalyst Charles Baudouin and the schizo-paranoid and depressive phases described by Melany Klein. We conclude with a reference to Etruscan and early Roman art in relation to the emptiness of the matrix role and the existential solitude of man.


The utility model discloses a novel rod-plate-rod protection gap apparatus for protecting transformer neutral points, comprising an I-shaped steel base, a first base sliding block, a second base sliding block, a third base sliding block, a first pillar insulator, a second pillar insulator, a height adjustable pillar, a high pressure rod electrode, a low pressure rod electrode, a first height adjustable support, a second height adjustable support, a metal plate and a metal plate support. The novel rod-plate-rod protection gap apparatus allows a protective gap to act reliably in the case of power frequency overvoltage and not to act in the case of lightning overvoltage so as to cooperate with an arrester to protect transformer neutral points. The novel rod-plate-rod protection gap apparatus is used for protecting the transformer neutral points, avoids misoperation and failure to operate, insulates the transformer neutral points and meanwhile guarantees that the arrester in parallel connection with the apparatus can not explode due to long time of current passing.


The study is a part o f a m ore extensive w ork w hich deals w ith seeing lit erature as acom petetive game and individual com m unication strategies used by the participants o f the game, th at is literature experts. From this po in t o f view the role o f a literary critic (a review w riter) beside those o f a theoretician and a h istorian appears to be one o f the fundam ental and constitutional roles. The study m etaphorically com pares the role to those taken on by RPG characters. That is sim ulation strategies where the play ers adopt chosen identities including certain possibilities and abilities, tasks and goals, and w here playing the game consists o f exploring a certain, at first unknow n or com pletely covered, space and successfully o r unsuccessfully seizing, controlling and subjugating the space. According to the au tho r o f this study, a critic w ithin literary life sim ilarly fulfils tasks, collects poin ts and only has a relative freedom to choose their way, tasks as well as goals. Therefore the au thor characterizes and classifies various decisions the critics have to m ake while perform ing their roles in the game, the conditions u nder which they choose their tasks, as well as the m ethods they use to support their opinions and attitudes. Their n atural goal is to reach such a position in a particu lar literary com m unity they could influence th rough their reviews the assessing views o f individual works o f a rt as well as general issues o f literary and social life and its curren t state. A part from reasoning as an im  p o rtan t elem ent o f literary c ritic ism 's game strategies the au thor also finds it im portan t for critics to try to appeal to potential readers emotionally, to draw their attention in an adequate and w ell-tim ed m an n er in the areas beyond reason such as im pressions, feelings and affinities.


The labor market has been changed toward more flexible and atypical by the impact of globalization. In most OECD countries, the share of employed youth who are working part-time or in temporary jobs grew during the past decade. In recent years, the share of part-time in total employment has been rising gradually in Taiwan. Although it is still low compared with other countries, the trend of rising atypical employment should not be ignored. In Taiwan, many youths are so-called "Freeters", who live on temporary or part-time jobs. We can see that such type of work may be one way for the youth to enter the labor market. Besides, with the trend of internet technology, SOHO(Small Office, Home Office), which is frequently discussed, also indicates that atypical work has become another choice of youth employment. Depth interviews were used for data collection. The participants include 20 college graduated youths, aged 20-30, who are freeters and SOHO at present. Based on the context of rising unemployment and atypical employment, this research focuses on the impact on atypical workers such as freeters and SOHO with the 2008 global financial crisis. The purpose of this research is to probe into four aspects of freeters and SOHO in Taiwan: (1) the present situation, employment trajectory and future development; (2) their employability and personal characteristics; (3) the reasons of being freeters and SOHO, and the channels of seeking work opportunities; (4) the different and common points, strengths and weaknesses of both. In conclusion, recommendations for policy makers and the following research are also discussed and presented.


VUV and EUV spectral ranges are fundamental for spa ce strophysics and especially solar physics missio n since they allow study of the atmosphere of the Sun and other stars. For a consistent interpretation o f all in-flight data, scientists require optimal performance of the ir instruments during their lifetime in-orbit. Howe v r, some degradation such as loss of signal, increased noise and spectral shifts, stray light or linearity dist ortion may occur and distort the observations as it was the case for some space telescopes (e.g. EIT/SOHO or EUVI/STERE O). Residual molecular and particulate contamination on se sitive surfaces can explain the performance los s : the main effects of the deposits are either absorption at critical wavelength or scattered light or both. However, these effects are generally poorly known particularly in EUV and depend strongly on the nature and texture o f the contaminants resulting in a complex mixture. So it is very important to improve knowledge and understa nding of the contamination impact. This will be helpful to d evelop a better approach for the selection of the m aterials used in optical instruments, to quantify acceptable clea n iness levels and thus to implement appropriate me asures in the cleanliness and contamination control plan to m itigate the risks (modelling, ground protection, cl eaning, use of repellent coatings...). Within this context, a CNES/IAS study has been carr ied out in the frame of the development of the Extr eme UV Imager (EUI) aboard ESA Solar Orbiter satellite whi ch will be launched in 2020. This instrument consis ts of two High Resolution Imagers and one Full Sun Imager des ign d for narrow pass-band EUV imaging of the solar corona at wavelengths 17.4 nm, 30.4 nm and 121.6 nm , all highly sensitive to contamination. The purpose of this joint experimental study was to assess transmittance loss and scattering effect of different representative optical components of those used for EUI (metal filters, Lymanα filters and multilayer mirrors) contaminated at CNES at different levels by the out gassing products of three polymer materials (epoxy resin, carbon fiber/polycyanate resin and silicone elastom er). Since the optical characterization of EUV inst rument components requires a very intense, continuous spec trum and a clean, small and collimated light source , only a synchrotron source can satisfy these criteria. Ther efore, transmittance and BRDF measurements were per formed under high vacuum using the SOLEIL synchrotron Metr ology and DISCO beamlines. This paper will describe the contamination process and the measurement protocols and report an overvie w of the recent results of performance loss of the tested op tical components before and after contamination. Mo reover, some of them have been analyzed after a long exposu re to EUV-visible radiations to characterize the ir r versible degradation due to photo-polymerization of the orga nic deposits. References 1. A. BenMoussa et al., "On-Orbit Degradation of Solar Instruments", Sol. Phys. 288(1) (2013) 2. U. Schühle et al., "Cleanliness and Calibration Sta bili y of UV Instruments on SOHO", Proc. SPIE, 4853 , 88 -97 (2003) 3. Faye D., Marco J., "Effects of ultraviolet and prot ons radiations on thermal control coatings after contamination", Proc. ISMSE-9, Noordwijk, The Neth rlands, June 16-20 (2003) 4. Zhang X., Faye D., Etcheto P., Auchère F., "Study o f Performance Loss of Lyman Alpha Filters due to Chemical Contamination", Proc. of SPIE Optics + Opt oelectronics, Vol. 10236 (July 2017)


Experiments indicate that vortices trailing finite wings can be perturbed by periodic wing pitching, leading to rapid dissipation and bursting. To illustrate the perturbation mechanism, Betz vortex rollup relations are combined with the Theodorsen theory for unsteady lift response. A sinusoidal pitch motion on a rigid elliptic planform wing is computed in this study as one example. Pitching modifies the instantaneous lift due to the planform variations, via the reduced frequency, and the rollup relations are applied to low-frequency experimental conditions. The combined Betz–Theodorsen theory shows that relatively large spanwise perturbations of the vortex centers can be achieved and may accelerate the exponential growth associated with the Crow instability. In fact, 84.2% of the displacement of the
unsteady trailing vortices due to unsteady pitching is oriented in the direction of the Crow instability. Furthermore, the axial velocity in the vortex center, calculated based on the Batchelor method, varies on the order of the flight speed.
This forms two types of stagnation points produced by approaching and retreating axial core velocities; in the former case, conservation of mass leads to observations of "bursting." This observation can be explained adequately on the basis of quasi-steady considerations.


A method is presented for calculating the electromagnetic forces on the end windings of turbine generators for both the steady state and transient modes of operation. Part 1 of this paper deals with the basic concepts of the force calculation and gives several examples of steady state forces and how they vary with load and power factor. PartII deals with several types of transient operation. The currents and fields which these transients produce are discussed and forces are found for various cases such as short circuits, synchronizing out of phase and transmission line switching.


The location of a doorway state in the n+207Pb channel is established through a statistical analysis of the observed partial widths for gamma‐rays and neutrons. Several statistical tests developed to help locate doorway states are presented. The statistical analysis focuses on the strong correlation between large partial widths in the two exit channels. Widths in both exit channels exhibit extremely large values in the energy region near En=120 keV. This clustering of large widths, even when considered separately for each exit channel, is relatively unlikely to occur in a statistical sample. The strong correlation between channels decreases the likelyhood for this clustering of large widths to occur in a statistical sample to less than 0.0003.


IN THE age of modem penology 'prison' plays a multi-dimensional role. The concept is defined with varied implications such as custodial, deterrent, coercive, curative, reformative and correctional. Prison is not recognised as an independent system of power, but acts as an instrument of the state, shaped by its social, economic, political and cultural environment. It acts as an institution of social control and symbol of legitimate coercion. The institution of prison has been influenced by conventional norms, ideas and assumptions of humanitarianism, enlightenment and the welfare state. 1 When viewed in this light, the Indian Prison System, assumed a new form with the advent of British era. It gave substantial articulation and added new meaning to prison administration in India. Our study focuses a plethora of facts and figures with a view to make an empirical reference to prison administration in Orissa and the conditions of the women prisoners. The study has been done through historical and survey-cum-evaluative pattern of methodology, which includes observations and formation ofcriteria for the assessment of the whole scenario. The purpose is to promote a fresh orientation in our approach to the problems of prison administration particularly in Orissa, the conditions of female offenders in the jails and to give a setting to future investigations. Besides it aims at the preparation of a base for the best utilisation of appropriate techniques in the setting up of correctional institution for female offenders. The researchers collected the opinion of 150 women prisoners lodged in 13 jails in different parts of Orissa through an exhaustive interview schedule. The methodical study is made with a view to analyse and assess the prison


IT usage is one of important path to improve industry performance and update the conventional industry.The issue of IT continuous usage by junior staff is a key to ensure IT usage of conventional indus try.Based on expectation-confirmation mechanism and technology acceptance theory,this article took ju nior staff from 12 enterprises of textile industry in Nantong as a sample to conduct an empirical study us ing both linear and non-linear SEM.The result shows that confirmation of expectation is a critical factor of IT continuous usage by junior staff from conventional industry.There seem to be non-linear relation ship among constructs in the model.These kinds of relationship could cause by asymmetric effect and dif ferent IT level of different forms.


The high current carbon arc with maximum crater brightness of 2000 candles per mm2, axial intensity of 1.2×106 candles, power inputs up to 200 kw, light efficiencies exceeding 90 lumens per watt, radiation efficiency of 73 percent, crater temperatures up to 8000°K, and arc stream temperatures of the order of 12,000°K is the most powerful and one of the most interesting radiation sources known. The rising voltage characteristic, the anodic vapor stream which causes its excellent radiation properties, and the contracted arc stream distinguish the high current carbon arc from the well‐known normal low current carbon arc. The properties of the contracted arc stream are discussed and a general theory of arc streams is presented. Starting from the anodic mechanism for the low current carbon arc, the anodic mechanism of the high current arc is developed. The rising voltage characteristic, the anodic vapor stream, and the high crater brightness are explained as a consequence of an abnormal voltage drop in front o...


A program was developed for reducing the severe behavior (aggression, self-injury, dangerous behavior, disruptive behavior, induced vomiting and inappropriate toileting) of a 12-year-old boy with autism. The boy was a Romanian orphan who was adopted by American parents at age 2. All previous interventions had been ineffective including prolonged hospitalization. The program included a high density of positive reinforcement, tokens, choice making, contingent exercise, and overcorrection. Treatment occurred across three sites, home, a community-based site, and a self-contained classroom in a public school. All of the boy's severe behaviors were reduced to at or near zero levels and these effects have been maintained for 2 years. He has made excellent progress in a number of academic areas and his social skills have increased dramatically. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


The automotive application of bluetooth technology becomes more extensive. By using Freescale's 32 bit embedded processor and CSR's Bluecore5, this paper developed a multimedia gateway, realizied hands free, phonebook download and stereo music streaming. It also detailed the device's hardware design, and key technologies in its application software.


Drawing upon the resource-based-view of a firm, we investigate the moderating role of operations efficiency on the link between environmental and financial performance. Extant literature has highlighted that operations efficiency is closely associated with the environmental/financial performance of firms, but no empirical study has investigated how operations efficiency affects the link between environmental and financial performance. We argue that operations efficiency could act as a moderator of this relationship. To test the hypothesized relationships, we have used available secondary quantitative UK data, namely data on the environmental/financial performance of Britain's most admired companies. By employing moderated regression analysis, we have found strong evidence for the moderating impact of operations efficiency. Our results are useful to managers in that they show that improvements in operations efficiency in a company can also help improve environmental/financial performance and vice versa.


In this paper, we propose 3D model and prospecting application of Pulang copper deposit which is a typical super large scale porphyry copper deposit in Yunnan, southwest China. Geological, geophysical and geochemical data have been collected and integrated in a spatial database in order to model the surface and sub-surface geological bodies of the study area. 3D structure model of Pulang porphyry copper deposit (11.0 km × 5.0 km × 1.8 km) is established on the basis of these data defining temporal and spatial relationships among geological objects. The 3D grade property model of KT1 (the main orebody) is used to reflect the distribution of copper element in space and to infer or deduce the extension of orebody. In view of the nature of the mineralization, tectonism, multi-phase porphyry rocks, and wall-rock alteration, the deeper levels of KT1 at its northern and eastern limits are potential target zones for prospecting.


In perspective of cross-cultural communication, this article gives English learners a brief introduction to the concepts of culture, the impact of subcultures on English vocabulary and the characteristics and usage of the subcultural words and expressions.


This study aims to see the effect of foreign ownership, good corporate governance and sales growth partially on firm value in various industrial companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX). The period used is five years, starting from 2016-2020. Samples were taken using purposive sampling technique. The population in this study are various industrial companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the 2016-2020 period. The total population of 51 companies was obtained by 8 companies as samples with an observation period of five years (2016-2020). Based on the results of data analysis, it can be concluded that: 1) Foreign Ownership has an impact on Company Value, 2) Good Corporate Governance has an impact on Company Value, and 3) Sales Growth has no impact on Company Value.


The traditional weak signal sensing method for optical communication network system has the problem of large sensing error. Therefore, a weak signal sensing method for optical communication network system based on double sparse dictionary model is proposed. The general frame of weak signal sensing method for optical communication network system based on double sparse dictionary model is built. According to the overall framework, a double-sparse dictionary model is established to train the sample weak signals and realize the sparse coding and dictionary update of the weak signals. Orthogonal matching tracking algorithm is used to realize sparse reconstruction of weak signals and accurate perception of weak signals in optical communication networks. Compared with the traditional method, the experimental results show that the proposed method has less error, can more accurately perceive the weak signal of optical communication network system, and has strong practicability.


Summary
In terms of current knowledge of crustal genesis in the Atlantic Ocean, several unique or highly anomalous features exist in the vicinity of the Azores. These include the seismically active East Azores Fracture Zone extending from Gibraltar to the Mid-Atlantic Ridge; the seismically inactive West Azores Fracture Zone which is offset northwards from the trend of the East Azores Fracture Zone; the transverse island chain of the Azores islands which trends southeast-northwest across the Mid-Atlantic Ridge; the marked change in direction of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge from northeast-southwest to north-south; and the broadening of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge to the east.

Bathymetric and magnetic data from surveys of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge in the Azores area by R.V. Trident, the U.S.Naval Oceanographic Office, and other sources have been compiled. These, together with the previously published data are compatible with a basic model consisting of a Mid-Atlantic Ridge migrating eastwards at the local crustal spreading rate, which is greater to the north than to the south of an east-west transverse fracture system. Superimposed on this is the development of a northwest-southeast trending secondary spreading centre or triple junction, within a 'leaky transform' system (Menard & Atwater 1968) which would have developed as the result of a change in the local crustal spreading direction south of the east-west transverse fracture system from mainly east-west to mainly northwest-southeast. Simple geometrical considerations, when combined with the length of a newly proposed 'Terceira Rift' and independent estimates of local crustal spreading rates suggest that the change in crustal spreading direction and triple junction development began at least 45 My ago.


The aim of the study is to analyse the process of using «Virtual tours» technology in the educational process. This technology allows you to transfer the lesson from the passive into the interactive forms, to activate the cadets' cognitive activity and to involve them into the educational process. The use of visualization techniques develops broad-minded thinking and enhances a better learning of the curricular material. The main tasks of the research are to analyse the process of using «Virtual tours» technology in the educational process of law enforcement officers; to estimate the functional practice of «Virtual tours» technology. The study is fundamentally based on the dialectical-philosophical method alongside with the general scientific and specific scientific methods.


Viola hirta is widespread in most of Europe but rare in Norway, occurring in four isolated enclaves around the Oslo Fjord. Allozymic and morphological patterns of variation were studied in 320 individuals of Viola hirta (2n = 20) and its relatives V. collina (2n = 20), V. odorata (2n = 20), and V. suavis (2n = 40) from 22 Norwegian populations. Ongoing introgression from both V. collina and V. odorata, as hypothesised by several authors, was not supported by our data. All hybrids proved to be primary ones and, apparently, introgression is rare. However, allozyme markers suggested that V. hirta may have been affected by ancient introgression from V. collina and possibly also from the East European V. ambigua (2n = 40) during its evolutionary history. Geographical differentiation, presumably relatively recent and post-glacial, was evident in V. hirta. Variation occurred also between and within V. odorata populations, most likely a consequence of independent introductions by man. No variation was observed in V. collina or in V suavis. A key to the Norwegian species of subsection Viola and their primary hybrids based on morphological characters is provided in Flora Nordica note No. 26.


ICT(information and communication technology) goes beyond facilitating information communication between people through machines communication, enabling communication between machines and humans, that is, convergence between humans and machines through communication devices inserted into the human body. This paper explores the concept of human enhancement triggered by information and communication technology enabling the convergence of the human body and machines, from which the implication of human rights derives. The ethical discussions over the concept of human enhancement derives from biochemical technology and biological technology such as plastic surgery, growth hormone, and gene editing. Ethical discussions have begun from augmenting and improving the innate performance and ability of humans, but Advances in neuroscience and neurotechnology, such as brain implants, deep brain stimulation (DBS), transcranial brain stimulation(TMS, tDCS) and brain-computer interface (BCI), have enabled brain intervention and cognitive enhancement, called neuro-enhancement, to lead to a wide range of ethical, social, and legal issues. To examine the views and approaches to human enhancement at the national level, the official opinion on human enhancement is reviewed where national committees have advised national policy in the life sciences, ethics and law in the UK, USA, France and Singapore. Since the concept of "human enhancement" is not established as a legal concept, if it is to be legally regulated, it is first necessary to explore how it affects human rights and whether it is related to constitutional rights. By examining the concept of human enhancement, which has been dealt with by national committees of each country, and the scope of ethical debate among them, the direction and implications of regulation for human enhancement are prospected, and human rights improved owing to information and communication technology is reviewed. It is reviewed about the human rights implications of Brain-Computer Interface(BCI) which is an example of human enhancement technology and a technology that enables external devices to be controlled and communicated with the outside by reading nerve signal data from brain. The brain-computer interface has issues of autonomy and responsibility of human actions, issues of protection from illegal infringement, issues of the right to refuse to make statements and privileges to deny self-incrimination, and human rights issues in the right to privacy. Neuro-enhancement or human enhancement technologies raise the need to be protected as new human rights that have not been protected in the existing human rights areas, such as the right to cognitive freedom, the right to mental privacy, the right to mental integrity, and the right to psychological continuity. In Chile, the content of protecting brain activity and brain data is specified as a fundamental right in the 2021 constitutional amendment, showing an example of building a legal system to protect the realm of the mind in preparation for a future dominated by mankind, which will be renewed by neuro enhancement.


Abstract The crux of this study is to propose some modified and improved compromised imputation methods and their corresponding point estimators to estimate the population mean using information on an auxiliary variable in case of missing data problem under simple random sampling without replacement scheme. The properties of the suggested estimation procedures have been examined. Monte Carlo simulation study has been performed in order to show that the proposed class of estimators give better results in comparison to some of the existing estimators. Suitable recommendations are made to the survey practitioners.


The in-situ etch rate measurement system (ISERM) has not just been developed to bring the automation process of an IBF plant to the next level, but to add another possibility of control for the ion beam and therefore characterize the tool of the plant. Thus far a dummy sample must be used on which footprints and grooves must be generated by the ion beam tool. To determine the etch rate and the shape of the ion beam the sample needs to be measured with a surface interferometer afterward. This is a time intensive and static process and has to be redone in case of changing process parameters, e.g. ion source parameter settings. The ISERM is capable of automatically and repeatedly determining the etch rate and the shape of the ion beam without the need of processing a dummy sample.


This paper presents a nonlinear control law for the stabilization of a fixed-wing UAV. Such controller solves the path-following problem and the longitudinal control problem in a single control. Furthermore, the control design is performed considering aerodynamics and state information available in the commercial autopilots with the aim of an ease implementation. It is achieved that the closed-loop system is G.A.S. and robust to external disturbances. The difference among the available controllers in the literature is: 1) it depends on available states, hence it is not required extra sensors or observers; and 2) it is possible to achieve any desired airplane state with an ease of implementation, since its design is performed keeping in mind the capability of implementation in any commercial autopilot.