The aim of this paper is to illuminate the challenges, complexities, and strategies of semi-structured interviewing in studies about emotion in educational organizations, in general, and about teacher emotion and emotion in educational leadership, in particular, and, thereby, enable interviewers to make thoughtful decisions concerning planning and implementing future interviews on this sensitive issue. After a short review of the literature on semi-structured interviews, I analyze the distinctive characteristics of the planning phase (e.g., sample, sampling, location) and the implementation phase (e.g., the opening stage, rapport, hazards) in interviewing teachers and educational leaders about their emotion management, emotion regulation and internal feelings. Practical insights and recommendations are suggested throughout the text.


Objective To study the safety and efficacy of transhepatic arterial infusion embolization using microspheres combined with lipiodol for treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).Methods Transhepatic arterial chemoembolization(TACE)was performed with 1-2 ml 300-500μm mierospheres and 10-20 ml lipiodol for treatment of HCC.Changes of liver function,AFP,responses of tumor and complications related to embolization were analyzed before and after TACE.Results Thirty six patients with HCC were enrolled into this study.After TACE,patients' liver function got worsen and tumor size decreased significantly(P<0.05).Conclusion TACE with use of microspheres combined with lipiodol is an effective treatment for HCC,but should be taken carefully to avoid hepatic failure.


Groundwater contamination due to agricultural activities and fast industrialization is a major concern for human communities. Applying certain monitoring techniques and a groundwater-monitoring network can reveal the critical condition of these resources. The main purposes of this investigation are to present an overview of present groundwater quality, determine the spatial distribution of some groundwater-quality indices such as Cl , SO4 -2 , EC and NO3 -1 , and select the best Geostatistical method for mapping groundwater quality in the Ghara-su Basin of Golestan Province, Iran. Also chemical variables were graphically interpreted using Piper, Durov and USSL diagrams to show the groundwater facies. Kriging and Cokriging methods are evaluated for mapping of groundwater quality. The analysis shows that universal Cokriging achieves better results for estimation of EC, Cl and NO3 -1 contents than other methods; for SO4 -2 , universal kriging is obviously more precise than other methods. Each method depends on the distribution of samples and the characteristics of the region. The groundwater-quality maps show that the highest concentrations of groundwater-quality indices are located to the North of Gorgan City, and results of graphically analysis of physico-chemical parameters indicated that Ca Mg was the mainly water facies dominant in this area and the water type highly exhibit So4Cl and most of the groundwater samples for agricultural purposes are found in C2S1 which are suitable for irrigation. A few samples in the north of the study area were unsuitable for irrigation. In general, groundwater quality decreases moving from the South to the North of the Ghara-su Basin.


Abstract : Without a stable and known threat focusing years of intelligence work, an operational intelligence support plan today must consider factors not only such as what intelligence will be needed and where it can be produced, but also how much of it is currently available and whether the remainder can be acquired within the time constraints% of the planned operation. Operators and planners today cannot assume that critical intelligence products will always be available for every part of the world, and must take this into account when planning operations. Because the intelligence community does not, and will not, have the resources to collect, analyze, process, produce, and disseminate all the intelligence that could be needed for military operations in any location in the world, the President issued priorities to focus their efforts and resources in Presidential Decision Directive 35. Unfortunately, the gaps are also likely to be the places where unexpected contingencies arise. To minimize the effect these gaps have on military operations, intelligence staffs must ensure planners and operators are aware that such a situation exists and could affect them. In addition, the intelligence community needs to better develop the resources they have by focusing analyst on one area for the long term instead of moving every few years, and by reaching out to open sources and outside expertise such as in academia to cover areas beyond the current scope of military intelligence.


ABSTRACT To provide theoretical guidance for better healing ability of microbial self-healing concrete, the mechanism of urea decomposition catalyzed by Sporosarcina pasteurii urease in Microbial Induced Carbonate Precipitation was investigated by quantum chemical calculations. The active site model considering bonded residues, non-bonded residues, and flap region residues was established. The formation of initial coordination, the state change of bound water, and the role of residues in the catalytic process were investigated by analysing electrostatic potential, condensed Fukui function, cavity volume, and reaction path using Gaussian, Multiwfn, and POCASA. The results showed that the O atom in urea tended to form initial coordination with Ni1 when urea entered the active site, after which W1 and W3 would be expelled. As the flap region changed from open to closed, W2 would be expelled. Carbamate anion was generated and ammonia was released by the nucleophilic attack of bridging hydroxide (WB) and the proton transfer of Asp363 residue. Carbamic acid was generated and Ni1-WB-Ni2 was regenerated by the proton transfer of Ala366 and Asp363 residues when W4 re-entered the active site. The proton transfer process involving the non-bonded residue Ala366 was the rate-determining step with an energy barrier of 10.39 kcal/mol.


Objective To investigate the techniques and outcomes of treating elbow ankylosis with surgical arthrolysis and hinged external fixator.Methods A retrospectively review was conducted to 21 cases of elbow ankylosis treated during July 2011 to August 2012 in our hospital.There were 13 males and 8 females,and the average age was 41 years.The preoperative range of motion (ROM) of all the patients was 0,confirming the diagnosis of complete ankylosis.Removal of internal fixation hard wares,resection of heterotopic ossification,soft tissue release and subcutaneous anterior transposition of the ulnar nerve were performed.The ROM was improved while the stability of elbow joints was maintained,as well as low tension of the neurovascular structures.Hinged external fixator was applied postoperatively to fulfill monitored functional rehabilitation.ROM and Mayo Elbow Performance Score (MEPS) were observed and incidence of complication was recorded.Results The average postoperative follow-up time was 17.8 months.The ROM was 60° to 145°,with an average of (120.2 ± 22.3)°.MEPS improved from (64.5 ± 10.8) to (86.7 ± 11.5),(t =-8.179,P < 0.05),with outcomes recognized as excellent in 11 cases,good in 8 cases,fair in 1 case and poor in 1 case.Conclusion Surgical arthrolysis associated with external fixator application and functional rehabilitation can be an effective treatment for elbow ankylosis.

Key words:
Elbow joint;  External fixators;  Complete ankylosis;  Surgical treatment


Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a syndrome of chronic hyperglycaemia due to relative insulin deficiency, resistance, or both. It affects more than 120 million people world-wide, and it is estimated that it will affect 370 million by the year 2030. Diabetes is usually irreversible and, although patients can have a reasonably normal lifestyle, its late complications result in reduced life expectancy and major health costs. These include macrovascular disease, leading to an increased prevalence of coronary artery disease, peripheral vascular disease and stroke, and microvascular damage causing   diabetic retinopathy and nephropathy. Neuropathy is another major complication.[1]
A facility and community - based descriptive case study will be conducted in Dahda area and the  Primary Health Care Center that related to this area to determine the risk factors of diabetes mellitus among people above 40 years old . Purposive and selective non-probability sampling techniques will be using for the selection of 55 diabetic patients. These include male and female Saudi. The data will be collected by questionnaires, the check lists, and interview interviews.
The combined data revealed that the family history has a relationship with diabetes mellitus as it affect72.72% of diabetic patients and just 27.28% are not affected, the obesity is absent in 63.64 %, but it is present in 36.36%, the physical inactivity lead to the diabetes mellitus in 81.81% while 18.19 is not affected, The pregnancy affects 12.72% and not affects 87.28% of the diabetic women and effect of hypertension on diabetes mellitus in Dahda is 16.36% while 83.64% not affected.
In this study we recommended that people must practice the sports at least one hour each day to control the diabetes mellitus or to prevent occurrence of diseases. In addition, they must eat the healthy diet and avoid the fatty food while they should reduce their weights if they are obese. Also, they are in a need to consult a physician to control their diabetes.


The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of creatine treatment on modulating left ventricle weight and oxidative damage after 5 and 10 days of Walker-256 tumor implantation, in Wistar rats. The animals were divided into 6 groups: control (C), tumor-bearing (T – 8,0 x 107 cells in 0.3 mL PBS, i.m., on the right flank) and tumor-bearing treated with creatine (tumor implantation + creatine in drinking water – 8 g/L) for 5 and 10 days. The left ventricle weight increased 20% and 31% at 5th and 10th days respectively in T group when compared with C. TC group remained at the C level. Lipid peroxidation levels evaluated by chemiluminescence (CL), demonstrated to be increased in T groups and was not prevented by creatine treatment. Carbonylated proteins increased in both 5th and 10th day in T groups that was reversed by creatine treatment. In line of this, T group also showed decreased levels of advanced oxidized protein products in  both time-points. Creatine also reversed this decrease (TC group compared with T group). We concluded that creatine treatment prevent left ventricle hypertrophy in tumor-bearing rats by atenuating oxidative protein damage.


In the present research, gelatin-sodium alginate films incorporated with various concentrations of yarrow essential oil were prepared. The release of yarrow essential oil from gelatin-sodium alginate films into watery (distillated water), acidic (acetic acid 3%), alcoholic (ethanol 10%) and fatty (ethanol 85%) food simulants was measured at 25 ºC. In each simulant, all films had similar release profiles with an initial fast release followed by a sustained slow release. Results indicated that yarrow essential oil released faster from film in watery food stimulant due to the swelling in water. Films maintained their structures in fatty food simulant after 240 h. The artificial neural network (ANN) and mathematical (first order, Kopcha, Higuchi, Korsmeyer-Peppas, Weibull function and Hixson-crowell) models were applied to describing essential oil release from film. Mathematical modeling results indicated that Weibull model could satisfactorily describe the release kinetics of essential oil for all food simulant (minimal correlation coefficient (R2) and mean square error (MSE) of 0.991 and 10.22, respectively). The ANN model with 3-17-15-1 topology accurately


In this paper the motional common character of mobile objective was discussed when the background signal is the GAUSS white noise without building the accelerative model of mobile objective. The forecast model of motional tendency was obtained and its real-time character was very well. The operating example and simulation results were given in this paper.


Zidovudine (ZDV), also known as azidothymidine (other names AZT; Aztec; Novo-Azt; Retrovir), is an important drug used for the treatment of HIV infection. It is a prodrug that needs to be activated by phosphorylation, and belongs to the family of nucleoside analog reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) and is structurally related to the endogenous nucleoside thymidine with an azido group in place of the hydroxyl group at the 3′ position of the deoxyribose ring. The presence of azido group prevents the formation of phosphodiester linkages required for DNA replication, causing chain termination. This is the mechanism by which ZDV interferes with viral replication. The effectiveness of ZDV in the treatment of HIV infection is because of its selective affinity for HIV reverse transcriptase as opposed to human DNA polymerases.


We have analyzed the kinematical parameters of Cir X-1 to constrain the nature of its companion star, the eccentricity of the binary and the pre-supernova parameter space. We argue that the companion is most likely to be a low-mass (< 2.0 M_sun) unevolved star and that the eccentricity of the orbit is 0.94 +/- 0.04. We have evaluated the dynamical effects of the supernova explosion and we find it must have been asymmetric. On average, we find that a kick of 740 km/s is needed to account for the recently measured radial velocity of +430 km/s (Johnston, Fender & Wu) for this extreme system. The corresponding minimum kick velocity is 500 km/s. This is the largest kick needed to explain the motion of any observed binary system. If Cir X-1 is associated with the supernova remnant G321.9-0.3 then we find a limiting minimum age of this remnant of 60000 yr. Furthermore, we predict that the companion star has lost 10% of its mass as a result of stripping and ablation from the impact of the supernova shell shortly after the explosion.


The US Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) periodically surveys the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) and state regulatory commissions that regulate utility owners of nuclear power plants. The NRC is interested in identifying states that have established economic or performance incentive programs applicable to nuclear power plants, including states with new programs, how the programs are being implemented, and in determining the financial impact of the programs on the utilities. The NRC interest stems from the fact that such programs have the potential to adversely affect the safety of nuclear power plants. The information in this report was obtained from interviews conducted with each state regulatory agency that administers an incentive program and each utility that owns at least 10% of an affected nuclear power plant. The agreements, orders, and settlements that form the basis for each incentive program were reviewed as required. The interviews and supporting documentation form the basis for the individual state reports describing the structure and financial impact of each incentive program.


Abstract Introduction: The specific character of Rorschach test responses of parents who had a child with schizophrenia has been reported many times. The analysis presented in this paper is focused on responses commenting on movement seen in the inkblots. According to Zygmunt Piotrowski, these responses reflect the prototypal role – self-concepts and a certain pattern of responding that can be understood as phenomena related to the concept of self. Material and method: I used the Rorschach test to examine 32 couples of parents who had a child suffering from paranoid schizophrenia (as defined in DSM-IV) and 21 couples of parents who had only healthy children. Results: Parents of schizophrenic children gave significantly fewer human movement responses than parents of healthy children, and some features of these responses give them a specific character. The groups of fathers differed from each other to a greater degree than the groups of mothers. The analysis of relationships between movement responses and shading (chiaroscuro) responses, which are regarded as a measure of anxiety, revealed significant associations in the case of some movement qualities. The exception was that movement quality which is referred to as blocked movement and blocked-posture movement in Piotrowski's interpretive scheme. All movement qualities globally considered were significantly correlated with anxiety, the exceptions being the group of parents of healthy children and the group of all fathers. Discussion: The smaller number of human movement responses found in the group of parents of schizophrenic children may attest to these people's lower psychological maturity, which is associated with a less distinctly formed prototypal role. Moreover, certain specific features of these responses can be interpreted as a sign of difficulties in expressing this role. The cooccurrence of movement responses with shading responses, which are treated as a sign of anxiety, was not always consistent with expectations; this should be considered a reason to reflect on the psychological meaning of these responses and on the possible return to Rorschach's original views. Conclusions: The results of the study suggest lower maturity in the case of parents of schizophrenic children, manifesting itself in a less strongly developed prototypal role and certain difficulties in expressing this role. Based on the analysis of the cooccurrence of movement responses and responses commenting on the shading present in the inkblots, it is possible to conclude that there is a need for a new psychological interpretation of these responses.


Introduction The shape and distribution of the inland ice in South-central Norway have been the topic of a long-standing discussion (Hansen 1886, Holmsen 1915, Mannerfelt 1940, Strøm 1956, Gjessing 1960, Sollid & Carlson 1980, Andersen et al. 1995, Andersen 2000). During the deglaciation of the area, the ice divide of the inland ice moved to the south and allowed the formation of ice-dammed lakes at successively lower elevations (e.g., Holmsen 1915, 1960). This view was based on the study of glacial striations and the formation of shorelines. Since Mannerfelt (1940) found no evidence for terminal moraines in the cirque valleys of the Rondane Mountains, he concluded that the limit of glaciation had been far above these mountains and that the area was deglaciated through a vertical downwasting of the inland ice. Gjessing (1960) questioned the proposed extension of ice-dammed lakes, as he found that a shoreline could be formed in a sublateral and/or semi-sublateral position in relation to the edge of the inland ice. This view was supported by Follestad (1997) and Follestad & Thoresen (1999) who concluded that sublateral and/or semi-sublateral erosion and accumulations can explain the presence of shorelines related to the Upper and Lower Glomsjø in the Alvdal area. In this paper the distribution of sublateral and/or semisublateral meltwater channels are used to reconstruct the surface of the inland ice during the deglaciation in the surroundings of the valley Atndalen. The map data of Gjessing (1960) and Sollid & Carlson (1980) are combined with a large data-set, mainly of meltwater channels, collected by the author during the last few years.


Phyllody of sesame is an important disease caused by a pleomorphic phytoplasma and is transmitted by a leaf hopper called Orosius albinctus. The affected plants become stunted and floral parts are modified in to leafy structures bearing no fruits and seeds causing yield. In this view, a field experiment was conducted at PC unit Sesame and Niger farm field. Twenty genotypes were evaluated for various plant traits and screening against sesame phyllody disease in protected (Polyhouse) and unprotected (field) condition. Among the twenty genotypes, all genotype were found to be moderately resistant against phyllody under natural field condition. However no symptoms were observed in all 20 genotypes under protective (Polyhouse) condition. The yield contributing characters of sesame plants, i.e. plant height; number of capsules per plant, test weight was adversely affected due to phyllody. There was reduction in number of capsules, plant height, and yield and test weight in infected plant in comparison to healthy plants due to the phyllody disease.


Filled viscoelastic solids, or building joint sealants, are essential components of modern construction. They serve in the weatherproofing of buildings and structures by preventing moisture intrusion. The most important property is the ability to respond to imposed strain caused by temperature or moisture changes in the structural building components while maintaining the critical moisture/energy barrier properties. These materials are typically warranted for greater than 40 years. During this long service life, chemical and molecular changes within the sealant are accelerated by the weather and give rise to changes in the rheological and adhesive properties. While, ultra‐violet light, temperature, and humidity are critical to influencing the sealant changes within the environment, recent studies have shown that imposed strain on several different formulations of sealant during environmental exposure has a significant affect on the measured rheological properties. Cyclic strain on the sealant in the prese...


In the present paper, we derive some results for strong differential superordination of p-valent functions involving certain fractional derivative operator.


The ferroelectric (FE) materials are continuously attracting considerable attention due to the interesting combination of their mechanical, electrical and chemical properties and their application in microelectromechanical devices (piezoelectric transformers, motors and transducers). To be more specific, their excellent electrostrictive properties coupled with domain mobility, high Curie point and good stability make these 'new materials' important components of electroceramic devices. It is already known that the electrical behaviour of these FE materials largely depends on random elasto-electric fields connected with the diffusion of phase transition and defects distribution. The aim of this article is the exposition of phase transition dependence on Sr2+ homovalent dopant in (Pb0.70Sr0.30)(Zr0.70Ti0.30)O3 ceramics investigated by electrical methods. We demonstrate that electrical examination can be effectively used for drawing decisive applications conclusions from the grain and grain boundary parameters distribution. Modification of FE materials with isovalent ions, but with radii bigger than the original atom, significantly affect its properties, particularly the (Pb,Sr)(Zr,Ti) O3 real part of electrical permittivity shows the change of phase transition from FE to relaxor.


This modest collection of opera minora consists of sixteen pieces, three of them previously published. On the article on the 'O ' fragment of Juvenal {Hermes 91 [1963], 104-12) it is perhaps worth noting another possible analogy for the survival of these lines in a single not very early MS. To the example adduced by G., the letter of Cyprian transmitted only in Holkhamicus 121 (M. Bevenot, The Tradition of Manuscripts, pp. 39-1), can now be added the important series of Augustine's letters found only in two MSS. at Paris (Lat. 16861) and Marseilles (209), of the twelfth and fifteenth centuries respectively (see J. Divjak, CSEL lxxxviii). On 'Non-stemmatic Classification of Manuscripts by Computer Methods' (Colloqu. Internat. du CNRS 579 [s.a.], 73-86) I will allow myself a cavil. Pace J. Allan, Speaking of Computers (1965), p. 5, who states with assurance that 'by general usage data is now accepted as a singular collective noun',1 am told by respected colleagues that this is not the case in decently written and responsibly edited scientific literature. It is therefore discouraging to find that the Emeritus Public Orator in the University of Oxford seems to have sold this particular pass (pp. 120, 123). And while I am niggling, was it not Quintilian rather than the Elder Pliny (p. 125) who discouraged dons from trying to be omniscient?


Quantum spin Hall (QSH) systems hold promises of low-power-consuming spintronic devices, yet their practical applications are extremely impeded by the small energy gaps. Fabricating QSH materials with large gaps, especially under the guidance of new design principles, is essential for both scientific research and practical applications. Here, we demonstrate that large on-site atomic spin-orbit coupling can be directly exploited via the intriguing substrate-orbitalfiltering effect to generate large-gap QSH systems and experimentally realized on the epitaxially synthesized ultraflat bismuthene on Ag(111). Theoretical calculations reveal that the underlying substrate selectively filters Bi pz orbitals away from the Fermi level, leading pxy orbitals with nonzero magnetic quantum numbers, resulting in a large QSH gap of ~1 eV. The corresponding topological edge states are identified through scanning tunneling spectroscopy combined with density functional theory calculations. Our findings provide new strategies to design large-gap QSH systems for room-temperature applications and further explore their topology-related physics. INTRODUCTION Two-dimensional (2D) topological materials (such as the quantum spin Hall (QSH) insulators), which exhibit one-dimensional topological edge states within the bulk band gap, are potential candidates to realize dissipationless transport. With graphene as the first predicted 2D topological insulator to possess the QSH effect,1,2 many other 2D topological materials have also been


ABSTRACT Addressing students' mental health needs has become a growing concern amongst educators and school leaders, as 25% of adolescents are known to be diagnosed with a mental health disorder. Moreover, students in urban contexts are more likely to experience mental health challenges as they face environmental stressors in their communities that stem from a long history of structural racism, institutional racism, and discriminatory practices. Research demonstrates that promoting positive mental health with adolescents can lessen the impact of mental health concerns. In an attempt to support educators interested in supporting their students' positive mental health, this article identifies five culturally responsive strategies anchored in hip-hop culture that can be implemented in the classrooms. The authors draw from frameworks anchored in hip-hop to develop practical strategies that classroom teachers can use to support students in processing and coping with mental health stressors.


The utility model discloses an AC/DC integrated charge pile, comprising a main controller, as well as a charge power system, a card swiping system and a human-machine interacting system that are respectively connected with the main controller, and further comprising electric connectors respectively connected with the main controller and the charge power system, wherein the charge power system comprises an AC power and an AC and DC charge unit. The AC/DC integrated charge pile can supply AC charging or DC charging separately or simultaneously, which is simple and convenient for operation, intelligent and user-friendly in charging manner.


i t I n A b o D h o O a v o g c p r t i a r t he Internal Medicine In-Training Examination (IM-ITE) as developed by the American College of Physicians, he Association of Professors of Medicine, and the Assoiation of Program Directors in Internal Medicine as a ormative assessment of medical knowledge during resiency training. Designed as a low-stakes examination, he IM-ITE specifically targets a postgraduate year PGY-2 esident's level of knowledge. Most programs offer the M-ITE yearly to all residents; on average, more than 92% f residents in internal medicine programs complete this xamination each year (Sean McKinney, personal comunication, 2006). However, an individual resident may r may not take the examination in all 3 years. Residents eceive a score report that provides the total percent of uestions answered correctly, their percentile rank comared with their peer group at the national level, and eedback on performance in specific areas. Residents use he results of this examination as a guide to their progress nd to define areas for more intensive study. Program


This article analyzes the damage of rut on pavement and vehicles,introduces five kinds of common ruts and morphological characteristics according to different causes,discusses the causes of cut forming,and focuses on the introduction of rut processing methods including micro-surfacing,fine milling digging,and milling repaving,with a view to guide practice and to possibly reduce the impacts of rut diseases on pavement.


The effects of Fe partially replacing Ni in a misch metal-based superlattice hydrogen absorbing alloy (HAA) were studied. Addition of Fe increases the lattice constants and abundance of the main Ce2Ni7 phase, decreases the NdNi3 phase abundance, and increases the CaCu5 phase when the Fe content is above 2.3 at%. For the gaseous phase hydrogen storage (H-storage), Fe incorporation does not change the storage capacity or equilibrium pressure, but it does decrease the change in both entropy and enthalpy. With regard to electrochemistry, >2.3 at% Fe decreases both the full and high-rate discharge capacities due to the deterioration in both bulk transport (caused by decreased secondary phase abundance and consequent lower synergetic effect) and surface electrochemical reaction (caused by the lower volume of the surface metallic Ni inclusions). In a low-temperature environment (−40 °C), although Fe increases the reactive surface area, it also severely hinders the ability of the surface catalytic, leading to a net increase in surface charge-transfer resistance. Even though Fe increases the abundance of the beneficial Ce2Ni7 phase with a trade-off for the relatively unfavorable NdNi3 phase, it also deteriorates the electrochemical performance due to a less active surface. Therefore, further surface treatment methods that are able to increase the surface catalytic ability in Fe-containing superlattice alloys and potentially reveal the positive contributions that Fe provides structurally are worth investigating in the future.


According to the view of island in landscape science,the theories and methods of space analysis,we have researched the karst culture and designed the way of studing.Based on it,This text elaborated that the environment and the space in karst area have influence on the characteristics specially,and divided the calture island of karst into three types: the minority cultural,fly area culture,and hollow culture.then we analyzed the the distrubuting and the pattern of these calture islands,advanced the program that make use of the GIS technique to research the pattern of landscape in cultur island of karst. The reseach incicates that the culture island is a special landscape on the geography background of karst.No matter what culturel of all the three contain unique gene,and form the special landsacpe when combine with the physiognomy of karst.Along with the development of the populace,culture,economy and socity,the culture of karst is losing the special gene or characteristic,which pressure us to investigate the culture island of karst from all the ways.


Noise related restrictions and rules have been increasing all over the world. Between 1997 and 2017 aircraft traffic is projected to double. Increased impact on population due to the traffic growth needs to be mitigated by technology to reduce noise. If noise reductions are not achieved, the noise restrictions around airports may increase significantly and impede aviation growth. One of the key components of noise during takeoff is jet noise and to a certain extent at cutback. In this paper, the importance of jet noise is illustrated. Needs for jet noise reduction and prediction methods are discussed.


To make the prosthetic hand more like hand,the thumb hand has been designed systematically on the basis of the underactuated mechanism.The thumb is integrated by two joints,and actuated by one motor.The designation of the thumb is much different from previous prosthetic hand: 1) It is placed tilted on the hand,and its motor,synchronous pulleys and harmonic gear are embedded in the palm;2) It can move along a cone surface;3) In the application of underactuated mechanism,the planar finger motion is extended to three-dimensional space.These make the thumb wondrously resemble human thumb.The kinematics of the thumb spatial linkage is analyzed to decide structural parameters.It is verified from experimentation that the thumb possesses great capacity of self-adaptation,and can accomplish accurate and power grasp.This makes the hand more handsome and practical.


............................................................................................................................. vi CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................ 1 CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW ..................................................................................... 6 2.1 Process Microbiology ................................................................................................ 6 2.1.1 Ammonification .......................................................................................... 7 2.1.2 Nitrification ................................................................................................. 7 2.1.3 Denitrification ............................................................................................. 8 2.1.4 Anaerobic Ammonium Oxidation (ANAMMOX)........................................ 9 2.1.5 Effects of Salinity on Microbiological Metabolism .................................... 10 2.2 RAS Designs and Reactors ...................................................................................... 11 2.2.1 Solids Filters ............................................................................................. 11 2.2.2 Nitrification Systems in RAS..................................................................... 12 2.2.3 Denitrification Systems in RAS ................................................................. 15 2.3 RAS Models ............................................................................................................ 17 2.3.1 Process Models for RAS ............................................................................ 17 2.3.2 Kinetic Models .......................................................................................... 18 CHAPTER 3: MATERIALS AND METHODS ........................................................................ 20 3.1 RAS System Description ......................................................................................... 20 3.2 Study Description .................................................................................................... 23 3.2.1 Study 1: The RAS Based on Autotrophic Sulfur Oxidation Denitrification .............................................................................................. 23 3.2.2 Study 2: The RAS Based on Wood Chip-Elemental Sulfur Mixed Denitrification .............................................................................................. 25 3.2 Analytical Methods .................................................................................................. 25 CHAPTER 4: MODEL DEVELOPMENT ................................................................................ 27 4.1 Effect of Ionic Strength on Biochemical Reactions .................................................. 29 4.2 Fish Tank Mass Balance .......................................................................................... 30 4.3 Solids Filter Mass Balance ....................................................................................... 33 4.4 MBBR Mass Balance ............................................................................................... 34 4.5 CDF Models ............................................................................................................ 36 4.5.1 CDF Hydraulic Model ............................................................................... 36


Morphology and morphometry of the buried and contemporary valleys bottoms in two mountain placer districts of the Eastern Siberia were analyzed. The Lena district is located within Vitima–Patom plateau on the right bank of the Vitim river, the Kular one is located in the interfluve of the rivers Yana and Omoloy. Using the topographic maps and paleogeomorphological schemes compiled on the basis of drilling data, we defined the morphodynamic types of channels, morphometric parameters (the width of the bottom step, the bend deflection of the meander) and the morphology of the bottoms of the buried and modern valleys. The patterns of their change were traced during several geological periods with different climatic conditions specified by paleolandscape method. Morphological and morphometric characteristics of the bottoms and beds of mountain valleys depend on the altitudinal zonation. In the mid-mountain relief of the Lensky district, even at the considerable changes of climate, morphodynamic type of riverbed, bottom morphology and morphometric parameters of buried and modern valleys are practically identical. More significant is the impact of climate change on the bottoms of valleys and channels in the Kular district. Here, in the relief of low-mountains and plateaus, with a cooling of the climate and the decrease of rainfall, the width of the bottoms of the modern valleys is significantly reduced compared to buried valleys, formed in warm humid climate of the Paleogene. Using the results of long-term observations on the mountain river Bzyb (Caucasus) the mechanism underlying these differences was revealed. It is associated with the intensity of deformation of bed forms depending on the nature of the relief terrain and water availability.


ioinorganic chemistry is a highly interdisciplinary research field aiming at a detailed understanding of the evolutionarily optimized principles that nature developed for making efficient use of the specific properties of metal ions in biochemical transformations underlying life processes. This subject provides great intellectual and technical challenges, and enormous efforts have been made to design small metal complexes that mimic the chemical and/or spectroscopic properties of metalloprotein active sites. These model systems can be analyzed in much greater detail than the highly complex metalloprotein structures themselves. Furthermore, by ligand design, metal substitution, or variation of the environmental parameters selected structural and functional aspects, can be studied individually, whereas enzyme functions can only be observed in their cooperative effect. As an integral part of contemporary bioinorganic research, Computational Chemistry today has matured to a point were well-established methods can provide indispensable insights into the geometric and electronic structures of even more complex species. Yet, it was not so long ago that reliable quantum chemical studies on structures and thermochemical properties of transition metal complexes were considered an elusive goal. The origin of the many vexing problems for quantum chemists is, at the same time, the starting point for the multifaceted chemistry of transition metal ions: both are a direct consequence of the presence of various low-lying and often energetically nearly degenerate states, each with a different chemical behavior. The primary problem of quantum chemical computations then is to provide a balanced, sufficiently accurate description of the subtle electronic effects present in transition metal species. On the one hand, this inevitably requires use of high-level quantum chemical methods, which, on the other hand, can be B applied to the smallest systems only. Without doubt, a critical ingredient to the success of computational chemistry in the bioinorganic context has been the development of the density functional theory (DFT). Notwithstanding the many fundamental problems of modern functionals documented in the literature, DFT in the form of hybrid functionals represents the most efficient way to study transition metal reactivity in medium-sized systems in the foreseeable future. The extraordinary progress made in the recent past is not only a result of the development of improved computational methods; it has, to a large extent, been a result of systematic benchmarking of computed results against available experimental data. Bioinorganic chemistry in particular is a field in which experimentalists have gathered a wealth of accurate kinetic, thermodynamic, and spectroscopic data for a broad variety of comparably small molecular systems to carefully calibrate a chosen theoretical approach to a relevant set of benchmark data, before it is applied to solve new chemical problems. All this renders bioinorganic chemistry a most promising field to use experiment and theory in a complementary way to obtain insights that would not be accessible for either side alone. The scope of this kind of research is enormous, and the aim is highly rewarding: the extraordinarily high efficiency of chemical transformations that take place in biological systems remains unmatched in modern industrial processes. The detailed understanding of the function of representative biomimetic models is thus not only an objective for basic biochemical research as such, it is also a prerequisite for the transfer of the highly optimized bio-


Indian population education training for teachers or university students utilizing a separate unit approach is described in terms of teaching practice preparation of audio-visual materials co-curricular materials and extension lectures. For students an integrated approach is used to supplement science education (male and female reproduction and man and his relationship to the utilization of resources sanitation food requirements and hygiene) social studies (population growth in india and the world and socioeconomic development urbanization and migration) mathematics (population composition birth and death rates natural growth rate and dependency ratio) and languages. Adult education utilizes both integrated and separate unit approaches. Field workers are trained to use a core learning kit. Since 1980 population education is required for classes I to X and since 1985 in adult education programs. College level course materials include the University Grants Commissions book Lecturers on Population Education for undergraduate and graduate students. Education majors use an integrated approach with philosophical and sociological foundations of education focusing on population growth and social and education development and urbanization. Educational psychology deals with family size attitudes toward population problems the impact of large families on child health and welfare. School management chapters can concentrate on topics such as: health food and nutrition; communicable disease; the environment; pollution; hygiene; first aid; and human reproduction. It is suggested that trainees integrate population education into the 20-30 required teaching lessons. Extension lectures for education trainees focus on population dynamics sex education health and nutrition education and are usually delivered by experts.


Many liquified natural gas (LNG), oil, and natural gas companies in the United States are committed to reducing emissions, achieving the nation's climate commitments, and continuing America's role of providing reliable, ever‐cleaner energy to US allies worldwide. The central question is how quickly these companies can achieve these goals and provide significant supplies of lower‐carbon LNG to global customers.


The thyroid gland is the largest and most prominent of all the endocrine glands, weighing about 15-25 grams. It makes proteins, controls how quickly the body uses energy and how sensitive the body should be to other hormones. It does this by secreting thyroid hormones, principally thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3). The limits of normal thyroid gland volume are highly variable as they are greatly influenced by age, gender, iodine status of the population as well as geographic and another regional factors. However, recent advances with other increasing use of iodine supplementation by countries is bound to lower the total thyroid gland volume, thus providing more accurate facts and figures regarding the size of this organ. ABSTRACT


In article movement of wheel cars on a snow-covered downslope in mountain conditions is considered. Data on influence of means of increase of flotation ability on change of traction and coupling properties of wheel cars are provided. Schedules of dependence of a stock of tractive effort for cars equipped with the following means of in-crease of flotation ability are provided: single wheels at different pressure, twin wheels, discrete expanders with 14 and 8 elements, tape expanders, a pneumocaterpillar. The provided data from the point of view of applicability in mountain regions of the Russian Federation are analyzed. Criterion of applicability of various means of flotation ability is flotation ability increase at roadability preservation on snow-covered downslopes. The analysis of the received data was carried out also the points of view of working capacity in the mountain service conditions, differing by existence of a large number of coherent and frictional materials and stones of the different size.


Preface PART I: THE BASICS OF EDUCATIONAL PARTNERSHIPS 1. The Importance of Educational Partnerships Overview of Educational Partnerships Examples of Partnerships The Value of Partnerships Communities of Practice Equitable Teaching and Learning Types of Educational Partnerships Collaborative Descriptions Home, School, and Community Influences Partnership Types, Examples, and Characteristics Chapter Summary Case Studies Reflecting on the Cases Activites for Further Development Additional Reading and Information 2. History of Educational Partnerships Goals of Education Types of Schools Students and Families as Part of a System Social and Cultural Capital History and Policy Related to Educational Partnerships Educational Policy -Whose Policy? Who's Excluded? Overview of Educational Learning Theories Chapter Summary Case Studies Reflecting on the Cases Activites for Further Development Additional Reading and Information 3. Meeting the Needs of All Children in the 21st Century The Implementation of No Child Left Behind Children With Special Needs Children's Well-Being Nutrition and Children's Well-Being Chapter Summary Case Studies Reflecting on the Cases Activities for Further Development Additional Reading and Information 4. The Makeup of Families Today: Culturally Relevant Strategies to Enhance Partnerships Families in the 21st Century Family Participation Initiatives A Culturally Responsive Partnership Between Home and School Tips for Families and Teachers During: Parent-Teacher Conferences Chapter Summary Case Studies Reflecting on the Cases Activites for Further Development Additional Reading and Information PART II: BUILDING EFFECTIVE PARTNERSHIPS 5. Building Family-School Partnerships Effective Partnerships With Families Elements of Family-School Partnerships Six Types of Family Involvement Family Involvement in the 21st Century Tips for Families and Teachers Chapter Summary Case Studies Reflecting on the Cases Activites for Further Development Additional Reading and Information 6. Schools and Community: Working Together and Respecting Diversity Expanding Educational Partnerships School, Community, and Business Partnerships Community Partnerships Students Taking Action as Community Members Tips for Building School-Community Partnerships Chapter Summary Case Studies Reflecting on the Cases Activites for Further Development Additional Reading and Information 7. Partnering With Community Organizations and Resources Partnerships Beyond the Four Walls of the Classroom University-School Partnerships Partnerships With Museums and Cultural Institutions National/Local Parks and Outdoor Education Tips for Organizing and Participating in Field Trips Chapter Summary Case Studies Reflecting on the Cases Activites for Further Development Additional Reading and Information 8. Barriers to Partnerships Culturally Relevant Teaching and Learning Barriers and Challenges That Partnerships Face Strategies to Address Barriers Taking Action Tips to Help Overcome Barriers and Promote Diversity Chapter Summary Case Studies Reflecting on the Cases Activities for Further Development Additional Reading and Information PART III: PLANNING FOR AND SUSTAINING SUCCESSFUL PARTNERSHIPS 9. Seeking and Sustaining Successful Partnerships Partnership Examples Seeking and Organizing Partnerships Writing Grants That Support Teaching and Learning Seeking Grants to Support and Acknowledge Teachers Communicating With Families About Resources Interagency Collaboration Chapter Summary Case Studies Reflecting on the Cases Activities for Further Development Additional Reading and Information 10. Planning for Partnerships Creating an Action Plan Stages of the Planning Process Implementing Your Action Plan Chapter Summary Case Studies Reflecting on the Cases Activites for Further Development Additional Reading and Information 11. Implementing and Sustaining Successful Partnerships Characteristics of Successful Partnerships Revisited Parents, News, and Misconceptions Professional Education Partnerships Teachers as Reflective Practitioners Implementing and Sustaining Educational Partnerships Long-Running Partnership Examples Local Libraries and Activities Implementing and Sustaining Partnerships With Families Tips for Implementing and Sustaining Partnerships Final Comments Activites for Further Development Additional Reading and Information Glossary References About the Author Index


High-throughput techniques have revolutionized the study of genomics and molecular biology in recent years. These methods provide a large quantity of sequence data, and have applications in different areas of bioinformatics. One can sequence parts or whole of an organism's DNA to determine genetic information about an individual or a population, measure expression levels of different genes under different conditions, and determine binding affinity of proteins to DNA segments revealing details regarding gene regulation, at a higher resolution than before. However, different high-throughput methods that target even a single application have different underlying error models. Robust analytic pipelines are necessary to extract necessary information from the raw data. In this paper, we discuss future research directions for developing such analytics using techniques from Machine Learning and Deep Neural Networks. We focus on two applications that will affect the diagnosis and treatment of cancer.


The present invention relates to in-situ measuring the resistance of the magnetic random access memory (MRAM) is. A method for measuring the resistance of the MRAM memory cells of the magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) comprises a voltage having a selected level is applied to the memory cell includes the MTJ of the MTJ memory cell transistor in series in the ON state. Determining a current through the memory cell. The variable voltage is applied to the copying unit, the copying means comprising a copying and having no MTJ cell transistor is in the ON state. Determining said variable threshold voltage, wherein the resultant current through said substantially copy unit and the current through the memory cell is the same. A variable difference value acquiring unit by copying the memory cell voltage and the determined voltage and the determined result by said memory cell current of the MTJ resistance is calculated.


The invention is a method for heating and reducing iron ore powder in transportation process. A tubular reactor is arranged in a temperature-controllable heater, the inclination angle can be adjusted according to the granularity and surface property of the ore powder, so as to control the reaction time of the ore powder, the ore powder granularity is heated and reduced by the tubular reactor under the comprehensive effect of the push and self-gravity of reducing eluant gas, and the attached tube wall vibrator is used for eliminating bond and attachment appearing under high reduction of ore powder. The method can relax requirement for ore powder granularity scope and refinement for high reduction degree, and is especially suitable for the reduction of micro-fine ore powder. The method can be used for heating and reduction of iron ore powder in transportation process in order to improve production efficiency, and can lower energy consumption and emission of production procedure by use of low-temperature low-pressure reducing gas produced in process.


This paper presents the numerical study of a one-dimensional driven and damped Zakharov-Boussinesq system of equations (ZBSE) to study Langmuir turbulence in the ionosphere. In ZBSE, the high-frequency wave dynamics is identical to the Zakharov system of equations (ZSE), but the ion acoustic wave equation is modified by taking into account ion wave spatial dispersion and ion nonlinearity. The two models, namely, ZBSE and ZSE, have been compared in order to study the effect of ion wave spatial dispersion and ion nonlinearity on the saturated state of Langmuir and ion acoustic turbulence. The turbulent state in the wave number as well as frequency domain has been studied at different heights for ionospheric F layer parameters corresponding to the European Incoherent Scatter (EISCAT) VHF radar case. We find that in some cases, at low driver strength, these terms affect the wave number spectra. The frequency spectra are affected not only at low, but also at higher driver strengths.


Intergalactic space is filled with the light produced by all the stars and accreting compact objects that populated the observable Universe throughout the whole cosmic history. This relic cosmic background from IR to UV is called the diffuse extragalactic background light (EBL). Knowledge of the EBL and its cosmic evolution represents a key issue in astrophysics since it helps unveiling the nature of star formation and galaxy evolution. Direct measurements of the EBL are difficult due to bright local foregrounds, in particular zodiacal light. As a consequence indirect measurements constitute a mandatory complement to them. A powerful approach for probing these diffuse radiation fields in the UV to far-IR bands is through gamma‐gamma absorption of high-energy photons. Pair production (e + e ) from high-energy photons interacting with ultraviolet to infrared EBL photons is effective at attenuating gamma rays with energy above 10 GeV. This process introduces an attenuation in the spectra of gamma-ray sources above a critical energy. The major effect is a redshift- and energy-dependent dimming of the gamma-ray flux of extragalactic sources such as blazars and gamma-ray bursts (GRBs), which can be used to infer limits on the EBL intensity. All recent measurements favor models with a minimal level of EBL, consistent with the estimated contribution from resolved galaxies.


ABSTRACT Three species of oribatid mites, Camisia dictyna Colloff, 1993, Ceratoppia sphaerica (L. Koch, 1879) and Diapterobates notatus (Thorell, 1871) are studied in detail, and their supplementary descriptions with precise illustrations are presented. The specimens were collected from the soils of the Snow Bunting (Plectrophenax nivalis Linnaeus, 1758) nest site areas in the Arctic archipelago Svalbard. Camisia dictyna is recorded as new to the fauna of this region. A revised checklist of all recorded oribatid mite species in Svalbard is presented with additional remarks on their taxonomic status, habitat preferences and geographical distribution. The patterns of taxonomic diversity and geographical distribution reveal that although the majority of the species are cryophilous, there are only few species that are geographically restricted to Svalbard and adjacent regions.


The International Fertilizer Industry Association (IFA) held its annual Technical Conference in Marrakech, Morocco on 28 September-1 October 1998. This article reports on the Conference's Parallel Sessions on Phosphate and Phosphate/Potash.


Background: The relationships between problematic substance use, mental health problems and criminal behavior have been firmly established in research. Offenders with mental health problems and concurrent problematic substance use have high risk of reoffending and may display low rates of treatment retention. The overall aim of this thesis was to explore treatment needs, treatment participation and crime relapse among Swedish offenders with mental health problems and problematic substance use. Methods: The studies composing this thesis were part of the larger ongoing prospective follow-up project: Mental Disorder, Substance Abuse and Crime (MSAC) (n = 207) including offenders with mental health problems and problematic substance use in Stockholm County. Data from the baseline assessment and follow-up assessments of the MSAC-project were analyzed, as well as data gathered from Swedish registers and semi structured in-depth interviews. The participants were followed for approximately three years. Both quantitative and qualitative methodological approaches were used. Results: The following main findings emerged: (1) Participation in planned substance abuse outpatient visits was associated with a significantly reduced risk of criminal recidivism in the study population. (2) Higher scores of the Antisocial Psychopathy Checklist-Revised (PCL-R) facet and membership of a subgroup described as "Triply troubled with medical problems" were associated with an increased risk of criminal recidivism. (3) The Affective PCL-R facet was negatively related with participation in planned outpatient substance abuse visits and dry housing residence. (4) Among participants with various degrees of psychopathic personality traits, there were more similarities than differences in perceptions of substance abuse treatment. However, participants with a low degree of such traits stated that control requirements in treatment were rather manageable; whereas those with a high degree of psychopathic personality traits expressed that those requirements were difficult to fulfill. (5) All participants of the four previously defined subgroups/clusters of the study population showed improvements with regard to problem severity over the course of time, but the improvements were cluster-specific rather than sample specific. Cluster membership could also predict treatment participation and quality of life. (6) The Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) and the Drug Use Disorders Identification Test (DUDIT) showed reliability and concurrent validity in screening for substance dependence of alcohol and illicit drugs, as well as problem severity with regard to alcohol, drugs and illegal areas. Conclusions: Among offenders with mental health problems and problematic substance use, participation in planned outpatient substance abuse interventions should be considered important from a clinical risk management perspective, and be encouraged. Some personality traits as well as subgroup membership (based on specific problem profiles) could be considered in order to individualize treatment planning and improve outcomes. In order to identify problematic substance use, the AUDIT and the DUDIT questionnaires could be used.


Anti-complementary activity-guided fractionation of the ethanolic extract of Prunella vulgaris spikes led to the isolation of a new, unusual Δ11(12) triterpene, 3β,13β-dihydroxyolic-11-ene-28-oic acid (1), along with thirteen known triterpenes (2-14). The structure of the new compound was established by 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic analysis. All the isolates were evaluated for their anti-complementary activity against the classical pathway (CP) and alternative pathway (AP). Eight triterpenes (1-8) showed anti-complementary activity against CP and AP, with CH50 and AP50 values of 0.15-0.37 mg/mL, and 0.29-0.53 mg/mL, respectively. Mechanism study using complement-depleted sera showed that oleanolic acid (2) acted selectively on C1q, C5, and C9 components, while 2α-hydroxy oleanolic acid (3) interacted with C1q, C3, C5 and C9, and 2α,3α-dihydroxyolic-12-ene-28-oic acid (4) blocked C1q, C2, C3, C5 and C9.


The family of 14-3-3 proteins exists in all eukaryotic organisms with highly conserved sequence,which acts mainly as homodimers or heterodimers.The 14-3-3 proteins interact with two targeting proteins or two different domains in one targeting protein simultaneously.The regulatory function of 14-3-3 proteins is mainly mediated by phosphoserine/phosphothreonine residues with the targeting proteins.In the present review,summarize 14-3-3 proteins in plants and crucial physiological action,and focus on the regulation of carbohydrate and nitrogen metabolism by 14-3-3 proteins.


Prevention of chemical or enzyme hydrolysis of drugs such as esters, amides and carbamates during analytical manipulation is a mandatory need in pharmacokinetics (Stella 1990). This hydrolysis occurs through the action of non-specific esterases which are present in blood, plasma and tissues, and it is common to add NaF or other esterase inhibitors to plasma during extraction procedures (Mays et a1 1984). We have investigated the enzyme hydrolysis of acetyl salicylic acid as a model for evaluating the inhibitory effect of sodium fluoride (NaF), diisopropyl-fluorophosphate (DFP) and 1,5 bis(4-ally1 dimethyl ammonium phenyl)-pentan-3-one dibromide (ADAPP).


1. Background: Intention in context 2. Three aspects of the concept of intention 3. (1) Expressions of intention 4. (2) Intentional action 5. (3) Intention with which 6. The unification of the concept of intention 7. The influence of Intention in the philosophy of action 8. The implications of Intention: moral philosophy, philosophy of psychology & the self


Teen depression and suicide rates have risen despite conventional treatments. This article reviews adjunctive interventions that may improve outcomes. A search of the National Library of Medicine database used tailored searches with combinations of specific terms. Modern lifestyle is associated with increased inflammation and pro-inflammatory cytokines leading to, for instance, hyperactivation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, which promotes depression. Inflammation also increases oxidative stress, leading to mitochondrial dysfunction, also associated with depression. Diets with less probiotic-containing fermented foods change the microbiome and decrease the bio-availability of mood-regulating B vitamins crucial to neurotransmitter production. Vitamin D deficiency allows increased pro-inflammatory cytokines and disrupts mitochondrial function and monoamine production. Deficiencies/insufficiencies of magnesium, Vitamin D, and B vitamins correlate with depression severity. Deficiencies of the folate and methylation cycles may lead to treatment-resistant depression. Imbalance of omega-6 and omega-3 fatty acid intake allows more pro-inflammatory eicosanoids (prostaglandins, thromboxanes, leukotrienes) from omega-6 than anti-inflammatory eicosanoids from omega-3. Refractory youth depression may be linked to abnormalities in functional biological systems, with excessive inflammation, oxidative stress, and gut-brain issues. Mediterranean diet, vitamins/minerals, omega-3 fatty acids, methyl donors, meditation, and exercise are worth considering as adjunctive treatments. More research is needed.


The q-rung orthopair fuzzy number (q-ROFN) has been recently developed by Yager and has been widely applied in handling real-life decision-making problems. To enhance its usefulness in dealing with complex practical issues, this paper first proposes the new concept of q-rung orthopair trapezoidal fuzzy numbers (q-ROTrFNs) which is a new and useful extension of q-ROFNs. Then, we investigate the operation of q-ROTrFNs and develop a new ranking method for q-ROTrFNs. We also propose a new q-rung orthopair trapezoidal fuzzy Hamming distance measure. More important, we develop a useful q-rung orthopair trapezoidal fuzzy modified TODIM group decision-making method. In this method, a new q-rung orthopair trapezoidal fuzzy weighted aggregating (q-ROTrFWA) operator is developed to integrate individual decision matrices into the collective decision matrix, and a q-rung orthopair trapezoidal fuzzy distance measure-based compromise approach is proposed to determine the relative dominance degree of alternatives. It is worth to mention that the modified TODIM method not only expands the freedom of decision makers but also allows decision makers to choose the appropriate risk preference parameter. Finally, a case study on health management of hypertensive patients is conducted to demonstrate the feasibility of the modified TODIM group decision-making method, and the developed method is further verified by comparison analysis with the existing methods and sensitive analysis of different parameters.


Two sudden infant deaths of female siblings occurring at the ages of six and 5½ months are reported. The temporal separation of their deaths was 14 months. Both showed virtually identical pathological findings within the central nervous system, consistent with encephalomyelitis. No causative agent, metabolic defect or common predisposing factor was identified and no evidence of a relationship to immunisation could be


Apsidal motion is a gradual shift in the position of periastron. The impact of dynamic tides on apsidal motion has long been debated, because the contribution could not be quantified due to the lack of high-quality observations. KIC 4544587 with tidally excited oscillations has been observed by Kepler high-precision photometric data based on long-time-baseline and short-cadence schema. In this paper, we compute the rate of apsidal motion that arises from the dynamic tides as 19.05 ± 1.70 mrad yr−1 via tracking the orbital phase shifts of tidally excited oscillations. We also calculate the procession rate of the orbit due to the Newtonian and general relativistic contribution as 21.49 ± 2.8 and 2.4 ± 0.06 mrad yr−1, respectively. The sum of these three factors is in excellent agreement with the total observational rate of apsidal motion 42.97 ± 0.18 mrad yr−1 measured by eclipse timing variations. The tidal effect accounts for about 44% of the overall observed apsidal motion and is comparable to that of the Newtonian term. Dynamic tides have a significant contribution to the apsidal motion. The analysis method mentioned in this paper presents an alternative approach to measuring the contribution of the dynamic tides quantitatively.


AbstractThis study investigates the photolytic and photocatalytic degradation of dimethyl phthalate (DMP) with novel catalysts including the titanium dioxide–coated magnetic poly(methyl methacrylate) (TiO2/mPMMA) and platinum-doped TiO2/mPMMA microspheres. The experiments under the illumination of ultraviolet (UV) radiation at 185 and 254 nm are conducted to examine the effects of the initial DMP concentration, photocatalyst, and Pt doping on the degradation of DMP and its mineralization efficiency. The photocatalyst and initial DMP concentration are important factors for the degradation of DMP, while the Pt doping has a minor effect. On the other hand, the mineralization efficiency would be significantly accelerated by the presence of photocatalysts and the Pt doping. In addition, it demonstrates the remarkable contribution of UV radiation at 185 nm to the elimination of DMP and intermediates via both direct photolysis and photocatalysis. This study provides useful information about the direct photolytic...


pathway-specific (Sudni and LaI/au 1978). That is, the incor poration of glucose into glyceride-glycerol under basal or in sulin-stimulated conditions was unaffected by the high-fat diet. In contrast, fatty aeid Iabelling was negligible and re sponded poorly to intraperitoneally injected insulin as com pared with rats fed a Iow-fat diet. These fmdings indicate that the resistance to insulin oecurs selectively along the fat ty acid synthesis pathway in adipose tissue. Reeent studies


In Part I, several problems confronting learning and teaching in Decision Sciences are examined and possible solutions presented. Students dislike and fear mathematics, treat it as a foreign language (a dead one at that), and are subjected to archaic teaching methods. Teachers suffer from poor training, incongruent goals, and inadequate models. As the popularity of the Decision Sciences dwindles, teaching becomes even more critical in our profession.

In Part II, three designs for teaching operations research or statistics with organizational behavior are presented. These have all been implemented during the last three years. These designs attempt to take advantage of principles learned in organizational behavior to enhance the learning situation in the quantitative courses in decision sciences.


Disclosed is a method for industrially producing compound (1) and compound (4) to provide an important intermediate for producing an FXa inhibitor. Specifically disclosed is a production method characterized by comprising: a first step of adding a quaternary ammonium salt and a metal azide salt to water to give an aqueous solution of an azide reagent complex comprising the quaternary ammonium salt- the metal azide salt, and then dehydrating said aqueous solution using an aromatic hydrocarbon-based solvent to thereby give a liquid mixture of the azide reagent complex comprising the quaternary ammonium salt-the metal azide salt with the aromatic hydrocarbon-based solvent having a moisture content less than or equal to 0.2%; and a second step of adding compound (2) (wherein L represents a leaving group) to the liquid mixture prepared in the aforesaid first step.


Background: Serum ferritin is considered as an acute phase reactant that often increases in presence of an active inflammation. Its status as a disease activity marker is well-established in systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), but underexplored in other categories. The objective of this study was to evaluate the relation of serum ferritin with disease activity in non-systemic categories of JIAMethods: A prospective analytical study was carried out involving 46 JIA patients (diagnosed and categorized on the basis of ILAR criteria) with high disease activity based on juvenile arthritis disease activity score27 (JADAS27). childhood health assessment questionnaire (CHAQ), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), serum ferritin, pain VAS (visual analog scale), parent global VAS, JADAS27 were measured at initial visit, six months and one year.Results: 40 (21 female, 19 male) out of 46 patients completed follow-up of 1 year. Amongst them, 11 patients had systemic arthritis, 10 had oligoarthritis, 11 had RF positive polyarthritis and 8 had RF negative polyarthritis. Their median ages at the initial visit were 7, 6.5, 8 and 7.5 years respectively. Serum ferritin, CRP, ESR, CHAQ score and JADAS decreased over time in all four categories of JIA. Median ESR, ferritin, CHAQ and JADAS27 were higher in systemic JIA compared to other groups in all three visits. Serum ferritin significantly correlated with JADAS27 at all three visits in systemic arthritis; at initial visit in oligoarthritis; at initial visit and 6 months in both RF positive and RF negative polyarthritis.Conclusions: In patients with systemic JIA, serum ferritin showed significant correlation throughout disease course even when the disease activity was low. But in non-systemic categories of JIA serum ferritin had a significant positive correlation with disease activity only when the disease activity was high.


The researchers have modernized and used the boundary element method to calculate all components of displacement vector on a sufficiently complex surface. It is shown that under compression, given the rigid contact between grains, pore pressure induces tensile loads on the contact areas. With the increase in the loading frequency up to efficient wavelength conformable with the size of the contact area, the amplitude of the tensile loads reduces and the resonant frequencies are absent.


The given of herbal medicine is very important in running a business of broilers where farmers need to know the right dose and in accordance with consumption and nutritional needs. The use of herbal medicine can be an alternative to overcome the mortality of broilers. Herbal medicinal contents that can kill pathogenic bacteria in the body of farm animal. This research was conducted to determine the effect of herbal medicine in feed on the final body weight and business revenue of broilers. This study aims to determine the effect of herbal feeding on feed to the final body weight of broilers and determine the adding of herbal medicine on feed to the value of business revenue of broiler farms. This research was carried out in the Experimental Farm of a poultry unit of Closed House type, Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Animal Science, University of Muhammadiyah Malang, for five weeks. The method used was an experimental designed using a completely randomized design (CRD) with five treatments and four replications using 100 DOC divided into 20 experimental units. The parameters measured were the final body weight and the income value. The treatment in this study was consisted of broiler feed which no herbal medicine contain (P0) while treatment P1 was contained broiler feed + 1% of herbal medicine; P2 was feed + 2% of herbal medicine and P3 was feed + 3% of herbal medicine. The results of this study indicated that added of herbal herbs was has no significant effect (P> 0.05) on final body weight. While, the best value of revenue in the broilers enterprises by the total of 20 tails of bird was on P2 treatment with Rp. 702.336,- of revenues.


The change by an order of magnitude of the oscillating properties of the flow past a circular cylinder in the Reynolds number range 2*103 to 5*104 is demonstrated experimentally. It is shown that in this range these properties are highly susceptible to small disturbances of the frequency of the transition waves which precede turbulence in the shear layers just downstream of the cylinder. It is suggested that this susceptibility is responsible for the different lift coefficient values measured by various workers. The effect of disturbances on the mean flow properties is also described. The frequency-determining mechanism and the characteristic length of the oscillating flow are discussed.


A procedure for the quantitative determination of ambroxol hydrochloride in its commercial injection based on the conjunction of Raman spectroscopy and chemometrics is described. The active component constitutes less than 1% (w/v) of the injection in our study. The efficiency of various spectra treatment procedures, including classical least squares (CLS), partial least squares (PLS), principal component regression (PCR) and stepwise multiple linear regression (SMLR), was compared. First, the calibration models were built using ambroxol hydrochloride standard solutions. To compare the predictive ability of the four models constructed, the performance indices were calculated. As a result, both the CLS model and the PCR model were comparably effective ones, of which the difference values were 94.9% and 94.2%, respectively, and the root mean square errors (RMSEs) were 0.07 and 0.08, respectively. Eleven commercial injections were quantified directly applying the developed models. SPSS software was used to compare the difference between the results obtained from the pharmacopoeial HPLC method and Raman analysis, and there was no significant difference between them (p > 0.05). It shows that the proposed procedure based on the chemometric treatment of Raman spectra can be a specific, fast and convenient alternative to the compendial qualitative and quantitative determination of ambroxol hydrochloride Injection.


We present an experimental information market designed to aggregate IT job related information distributed among the traders in the market. The payoffs of the shares in this market were tied to true IT job demand in the real world. This paper focuses on the market outcomes of profit or loss made in this market, and more specifically the factors that may lead to either outcome. We explore the use of decision trees to predict the outcome of the market based on three different predictors: the individual traders' personal preferences, the collective ranking of the shares, and the market prices resulting from the traders' interaction during the market game. The decision tree illustrates that traders who agree with the market ranking of the best share incur losses, whereas those who don't agree have a higher chance of making a profit provided they then agree with the collective ranking of the best share or remain consistent in their personal preferences.


Background: Humanized childbirth still does not have a considerable level of acceptance on the part of pregnant women, due to lack of knowledge, fear, among other causes, given that during their births some unknowingly have suffered violence or violation of their rights, conduct , action or omission exercised by health personnel.
Objective: To determine the percentage of application and satisfaction of humanized vaginal delivery in pregnant women attended at the Dr. Juan Montalvan Cornejo-Ricaurte Hospital, October 2018-April 2019.
Methodology: The research is basic, descriptive, observational, retrospective, non-experimental, quantitative, the study includes a universe of 628 pregnant women who were attended their births, the study sample, a group of 207 patients who were surveyed to obtain the application, satisfaction and factors that intervene in the application of humanized vaginal delivery of the Dr. Juan Montalvan Cornejo-Ricaurte hospital, January 2018-January 2019.
Results: It was reported that 52% of the patients surveyed did not know that it was humanized delivery, 54% did not know that it was a delivery plan. Humanized delivery was applied in 78% of patients, and 73% reported being afraid to opt for a little known position.
Conclusions: The study showed that if vaginal delivery was applied and 89% were satisfied with their delivery. The position for delivery was one (71%) at the patient's choice and the most used position is sitting with one (58%), however the lithotomy position occupies a large percentage with (39%) Although WHO does not recommend it. It was shown that humanized delivery decreases maternal and fetal mortality.


Variable-temperature (−55 to −100 °C) studies of the infrared spectra (3500 to 400 cm-1) of fluoromethylcyclopropane, c-C3H5CH2F, dissolved in liquefied xenon have been carried out, and the Raman (liquid and solid) and infrared (gas and solid) spectra have been recorded from 3500 to 60 cm-1. By utilizing four conformer pairs, an enthalpy difference of 262 ± 26 cm-1 (3.13 ± 0.31 kJ/mol) was obtained, with the gauche rotamer the more stable conformer and the only form present in the solid. The abundance of cis conformer present at ambient temperature is 12 ± 1%. On the basis of the far-infrared spectral data along with the experimental enthalpy and gauche dihedral angle, the potential function governing conformational interchange has been obtained, and the determined potential constants are V1 = −245 ± 23, V2 = −414 ± 17, V3 = 1263 ± 6, V4 = 272 ± 17, and V5 = 101 ± 2 cm-1, with the cis-to-gauche barrier of 1223 cm-1 (14.63 kJ/mol) and the gauche-to-gauche barrier of 1362 cm-1 (16.29 kJ/mol). From MP2 ab in...


The surface chemical composition and surface conformation of the molybdenite in the primary mineral,the flotation concentrate and the flotation tailing of Shangfanggou molybdenite and Sandaozhuang molybdenum which is easy to be separated were studied by using AES and SEM.The results show that the surface of Shangfanggou molybdenite is lader-like,and oxidized.As a contrast,the surface of Sandaozhuang molybdenite is flat,with low degree of oxidation.The lader-like surface will increase the ratio polar face in the surface of molybdenum.The surface oxidation will increase the surface energy,and change the hydrophobicity of molybdenum surface.But all of above will decrease the floatability of the molybdenum.Therefore the lader-like surface and surface oxidation are main factors making the flotation of Shangfanggou molybdenum very difficult.


Education forms a major cornerstone in the construction and development of human resources. The various educational activities have been carried out by this nation through educational institutions, both formal and non-formal or public and private education. Those intended to have the strong human resources, knowledge, competencies, skill, professionalism and qualified skill. Not only being above-mentioned, but also they have to master the international language as a means of communication in ASEAN free market or better known as the ASEAN Economic Community (AEC). The shared and sinergized role can speed up Indonesia into developed countries. The government and the college can provide a significant role in building and improving the potency for developed countries. through various policy interventions, government can provide a breakthrough and an accelerating step toward advanced Indonesia in all sectors. The college, with a variety of educational activities, research and community services involving various parties for both nationally and internationally, can prepare the graduates who meet the demands of this times. 4,365 universities in Indonesia are state assets as a printer of qualified human resources and ready to compete to provide a great stimulus for the development of the Indonesian state.


Abstract Electrical Impedance tomography (EIT) imaging suffers greatly from the illposedness of the corresponding inverse problem. This is mainly caused by the high degree of freedom and the relatively large noise. One attempt to circumvent these difficulties is to use dual models. This article introduces a clustering based non-uniform dual model construction. With this framework, finite elements are grouped to reduce the complexity in inverse computations. The simulation and experiment results indicated that the k-means clustering method did not only preserve the sharp variations over conductivity mediums but also greatly filtered out artefacts found in the standard approach.


Sinus of valsalva aneurysm is a rare cardiac anomaly and is usually silent clinically for a long time until and unless it becomes large and compresses or dissects adjacent structures or ruptures. Here we present a young gentleman with history of breathlessness and two episodes of syncope for 5-6 months. TTE and TEE confirmed the diagnosis. He successfully underwent surgical repair and was asymptomatic during follow up.


The article presents a simulation study of problems of control and supervision of academic information forgetting, forgetting the problems with the definition previously received educational information


We conducted constant strain rate experiment of antigorite serpentinite, in order to understand the effect of microstructural anisotropy on deformation behavior. The sample is naturally deformed foliated antigorite serpentinite which is characterized by preferential arrangement of (001) of antigorite parallel to the foliation. We prepared two types of oriented starting samples, whose foliations were set at 30 degree and 90 degree with respect to the axial stress. Experimental conditions were 500 C and 550 C at ca. 1 GPa confining pressure with 600 um/h displacement rate of piston. The experimental data indicate that the maximum and yield strengths of the 90 degree are ca. 40 % larger than those of 30 degree and that those of 500 C are 60 to 70 % larger than those of 550 C. The stress drop occurred at the final stage of all experiments. The microstructural observations with optical and scanning electron microscopes suggest that the yielding and stress drop in 30 degree experiments were due to kinking, and the deformation concentration on the axis of kink, respectively. On the contrary, those of 90 degree were due to plastic deformation of antigorite itself and extensional breakage of antigorite grains, respectively. All these behaviors are thought to be caused by two typical characters of foliated antigorite serpentinite; 1) easy to make open crack parallel to foliation if compression stress applies in the direction parallel to the foliation, and 2) weakness of (001) for extensional stress.


By the summer of 2008, it had become clear that a crisis in media was under way in Canada. The media giant Canwest was teetering on the edge of bankruptcy, local television stations were being closed, thousands of media workers had been laid off, and community radio and television were barely supported. At the same time, publics linked through social networks were producing and distributing a growing range of their own content through new media. Old media had collided with new technologies, national policies were facing global political and economic challenges, and the need to develop new approaches to media models had become urgent. Although these questions were being debated in some communities—among academics, labour unions, media producers and policy activists, for example—in various media, and at the Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission (CRTC), we felt there was a pressing need to increase dialogue between and beyond these groups. For all of these reasons, we organized the Making Media Public conference. Our aim was to bring people together to critically assess the current media situation, to envision ways of building sustainable media models that address the experiences of diverse Canadians, and to increase public contributions to and dialogue about policymaking. The conference, held at York University from May 6 to 8, 2010, was designed to enable sustained analysis of the current media crisis and to gain insight into the challenges and opportunities for transforming media in Canada. We were able to bring together a range of publics that does not usually have opportunities to gather for discussion: academic researchers, media workers, policymakers, union members, community members, alternative media producers, students, and media educators. As academics and graduate students who have actively participated in the production of alternative media and policy engagement, our aim was to dissolve the boundaries between academic researchers and those involved in media production and policy development, both large-scale and community-based. We hoped the conference would


The invention belongs to the technical field of composite materials, and relates to a technological method for reinforcing the surface stability of a core of a honeycomb-like porous structure in the manufacturing process of a honeycomb core sandwich structure in an aerospace craft, and particularly relates to a method for reinforcing the surface stability of the core of a honeycomb-like porous structure by a hot film blowing and breaking method. The method comprises the following steps: before manufacturing the sandwich structure, firstly, sticking an adhesive film on the surface of the honeycomb-like porous structure, breaking pores of the adhesive film by a hot film blowing and breaking method and sticking on the side wall of a honeycomb core hole cell, and then carrying out heating and curing treatment so that the adhesive film forms an adhesive stream and shaped on the wall of the core of the honeycomb-like porous structure. An organic integer is formed on the surface of the honeycomb core by the method, and the intensity and rigidity of the surface of the honeycomb core are reinforced. When the structure is pressed, the pressure can be transferred and dispersed timely, so that the possibility of buckling failure of a partial weak region is reduced, the surface stability of the structure is reinforced effectively, and the integral pressure resistant capability is improved.


A 47-year-old woman from Bhilai presented four weeks after developing multiple, scaly skin lesions localized over blue–black tattoo designs on both forearms. She had been tattooed by a roadside tattoo artist three weeks earlier without any aseptic precautions. Her daughter, who was to be married shortly, had also been given similar tattoos on her forearms with the same needles. As is common in this Indian state, both women had been tattooed as part of the celebration of the forthcoming marriage. There was no history suggestive of psoriasis in either the patient or her family members. There was no history of throat infection or use of topical or oral medication prior to or after the onset of the skin lesions. Cutaneous examination revealed multiple, whitish, coalescent, dry, scaly adherent plaques situated over the blue–black tattoo designs on both forearms (Fig. 1). Mild bleeding was observed after the removal of the plaques (Fig. 2). The patient had no other tattoo marks or skin lesions elsewhere, and her nails and scalp were normal. Her daughter did not develop any skin lesions over tattoos or anywhere else. Routine hematologic and systemic examinations were normal. Histopathologic examination of the scaly plaque revealed hyperkeratosis, parakeratosis, agranulosis, irregular acanthosis, papillomatosis, suprapapillary thinning, dilated superficial capillaries in papillary tips, and a diffuse predominantly neutrophilic inflammatory infiltrate with clumps of blackish tattoo pigment in the upper dermis and mid-dermis (Fig. 3). Based on the history, clinical features and histopathology, the patient was diagnosed with tattoo-induced psoriasis and prescribed a combination of 0.05% clobetasol propionate and 3% salicylic acid ointment to be applied locally once per day for four weeks, with which the lesions regressed. There has been no development of fresh psoriasis lesions elsewhere


In flow measurement applications with high-accuracy requirements, it is necessary to have an exact knowledge of the meter characteristics under different process conditions. Liquid flowmeters reveal both temperature and pressure dependence of their steady-state metering properties. So it requires the flowmeter error curves to be measured with the fluid temperature and pressure being varied as process parameters over their ranges in which the meters are to be applied. PTB's new national water flow standard and high-accuracy calibration facility provides unique capabilities to perform meter characterization measurements which meet those requirements. That has been proven in a series of calibrations.


A newborn boy presented to the neonatal intensive care unit with dyspnoea at birth. He was born at 40+1 weeks' gestation and weighed 2950 g, with Apgar scores of 9 at one minute and 9 at five minutes. On examination, his left lung breath sounds were absent and bowel sounds could be auscultated in the left thoracic cage. His respiratory rate was 70 breaths/min and there were no other …


In this paper, we show that in each finite dimensional Hilbert space, a frame of subspaces is an ultra Bessel sequence of subspaces. We also show that every frame of subspaces in a finite dimensional Hilbert space has frameness bound.


This paper describes and discusses an activity proposed to secondary school students to experience the process of measuring well-being of society. The suggestion is part of a series of initiatives conducted by the Italian National Institute of Statistics (Istat) to promote statistical literacy among young people. Students are required to reflect about well-being concepts, to operationalize well- being dimensions, to analyse and interpret well-being data, and to verbalise their statistical analysis. Data sets come from the Istat's "Report on equitable and sustainable well-being" (BES) and contains over one hundred indicators concerning the fundamental dimensions of well-being and progress in Italy and its territories. Retracing the path to define and measure well-being, students become familiar with these issues and using real data they anchor the learning process to everyday life.


From the viewpoint of the physiological function of dietary fiber, it is important to elucidate the structure and properties of cell wall polysaccharides. Gobo (edible burdock, Arctium lappa L.) has very often been used to study the physical properties of dietary fibers. ^ However, chemical characterization of the polysaccharides in gobo has not been done in detail. In a previous work,2) we suggested from the methylation analysis that the cell walls of gobo consisted of rhamnogalacturonan with neutral sugars, arabinan, xylan, galactan, arabinogalactan, xyloglucan, and cellulose. This work describes the isolation and characterization of acidic xylan. Unless otherwise stated, all materials and experimental procedures used for this study were the sameas those described in previous papers. 2,3)


We present an integrated pulse compression method for chirped optical pulses based on silicon photonic crystal (PhC) line-defect waveguides. The PhC waveguide structure and dimensions, including the radius of the hole and the thickness of the slab, are carefully designed for effective pulse compression in a short waveguide. In the optimized PhC waveguide, the pulse is effectively compressed and a compression factor, which is defined as the ratio of the output pulse width with respect to the input pulse width, as small as 0.096 is achieved. Analysis shows that the compression effect depends on the initial chirp, the peak power, and the width of the input pulse. In order to realize the best compression, the PhC waveguide length should be carefully chosen to balance the initial chirp, dispersion and nonlinearity of the waveguide.


"Ibu" field is one of mature primary field located in Wilayah Kerja (WK) Rokan, PT. Pertamina Hulu Rokan. First oil flowed in 1976 and reached peak production in 1983 with 9600 BO. Strategy production comingled with simple ESP completions. Current cumulative oil production was 34.7 MMSTB with RF ~19%. Since March 2018 to June 2021, no active drilling campaign due to reach End of Concession and found significant decline production first year after no drilling campaign. Historically, Well-by-Well review was commonly used and rarely considering Full-field perspective for field analysis. This workflow gives inconsistencies in identifying problems and potentials for Work-Over (WO), therefore often resulting in un-clear strategy for reservoir management of the field. In 2019, the team initiated a different way of reviewing and identifying WO potentials from well basis to full-field basis resulting more robust review and WO candidacy. Go-forward Full-Field basis review method was compensating complex of stratigraphy play and structural framework leading to WO focus reviews into 5 regions. Integrated study has been done by conducting connectivity analysis, High Resolution Stratigraphy, Current Oil Water Contact (COWC), and integrated reservoir production strategy plan. Significant results can be seen by looking at several deliveries: > 20 candidates in 1 cycle review, success ratio WO increases to 60%, average WO gain performance ~ 86 BOPD/Well, and incremental oil gain to date is ~192 MBO. Field performance significantly maintained by shown inclining performance to -6,46% (2019-2020) compared to 2018 performance (decline 72%). This effort is beneficial for further field development to enhance strategy of reservoir management e.g., WO potential, New Zone Behind Pipe, fracturing, and future infill/development well candidates. By having to use all available data and resources to do integrated subsurface and engineering analysis and review process, the overall outcome provide an excellent optimization strategy for the complex stratigraphy play field such as "Ibu" Field. This workflow should be applied for other mature field to economically extend life of this complex field, achieve high recovery, and maintain production decline.


The elimination of premodern institutions and values has been generally considered as unavoidable and therefore as positive for the purposes of accelerating the historical evolution of any society and of bringing material progress. The traditional order has been supposed to be something basically negative. Modernization embraces, however, destructive factors, which now are increasingly perceived in a more realistic manner. Some premodern aspects deserve a better destiny in collective conscience. Examples of that are religion (as a source of sense and comfort), the classical conception of art and literature (an aesthetics based on beauty) and non-quantitative values.


Habitat characteristics and diversity of terrestrial vertebrates were studied September 1989 to August 1990 in valley-foothill riparian habitat on two study areas: Dye Creek, Tehama County, and Avenales Ranch, San Luis Obispo County, California. The assumption considered was that differences between study areas in physical and vegetation characteristics would be reflected in wildlife diversity. Spring-season results showed that species richness of both higher plants and terrestrial- vertebrate wildlife averaged about twice as great at Dye Creek as at Avenales Ranch. No differences in vegetation structure between study areas were evident, thus, other factors such as elevation, mean annual rainfall, and plant-species richness were apparently influencing terrestrial vertebrate richness on these sites.