SSR marker fingerprinting was used for indentification of 14 plus trees of Diospyros zhejiangensis in Yongkang,Zhejiang province.The results showed that the tested D.zhejiangensis could be completely distinguished on genome by SSR markers.The 14 plus trees of D.zhejiangensis could be divided into three groups at a coefficient of similarity of 0.45 by UPGMA,the one group of number 10,14,15,19,25,26,31,32,33,35,the second group of number 22,34,36 and third group of number 18.Two primers pairs of DP4,DP7 were sufficient to identify 14 plus trees.


In any society, to meet the housing need, there is a set of conditions for its implementation, which all together form the housing system, but in no society at the appropriate level, this problem is not completely solved. It is established that preferential provision of housing for citizens is carried out through mechanisms: providing citizens with affordable housing; provided for the implementation of state, regional and local housing programs for certain categories of the population; provision of social housing to socially vulnerable segments of the population. Preferential provision of housing for citizens is carried out through mechanisms: providing citizens with affordable housing; provided for the implementation of state, regional and local housing programs for certain categories of the population; providing social housing to socially vulnerable groups. Execution of state housing programs may be subject to corruption risks during their implementation, and officials responsible for their implementation may be subject to corruption offenses in the performance of their official duties. In the process of implementing housing programs, anti-corruption measures should begin with the development of directions, strategies and programs, which should include collecting reliable data on the problem, developing effective implementation mechanisms, detailed analysis and monitoring of the results with public participation, legal examination of draft regulations for their compliance with anti-corruption legislation. Local authorities play an important role in providing housing for citizens. Іmplementation of housing programs in our country usually has a 2-tier structure: central and local, local governments often only act as intermediaries between the central government and the main housing sectors.


This paper investigates the region reaching control problem of networked multi-robot systems modeled by Lagrangian dynamics. The primary objective is to develop the concept of region reaching control for single robot for the study of networked multi-robot systems under directed topology graph. The distributed region reaching control protocols for such networked multi-robot systems are first proposed, and then some simple yet generic criteria on the convergence for such protocols are established. It is shown that networked multi-robot systems can always reach the desired region under the proposed region reaching control protocols if the directed network topology graph has a directed spanning tree. Finally, simulation results are presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the theoretical analysis.


INTRODUCTION Between Amnesia and Denial. Colonialism and German National Identity Juergen Zimmerer and Michael PERRAUDIN (Sheffield) SECTION 1: Colonialism before the Empire Imperialism, Race and Genocide at the Paulskirche: Origins, Meanings, Trajectories Brian VICK (Sheffield) Time, Identity and Colonialism in German Travel Writing, 1848-1914: Gustav Nachtigal's 'Sahara und Sudan' and Leo Frobenius's 'Und Afrika Sprach' Tracey DAWE (Durham) Performing the Metropolitan 'habitus' in Africa. Some Notes on the Praxis of European Travellers in 19th-Century Eastern and Central Africa Michael PESEK (Berlin) SECTION 2: Local Histories, Local Memories Communal Memory Events and the Heritage of the Victims Reinhart KOssLER (Bochum) Commemorating the Past--Building the Future: The Churches and the Centenary of the Genocide in Namibia Hanns LESSING (Dortmund) Narratives of a 'Model Colony': German Togoland in Written and Oral Histories Dennis LAUMANN (Memphis) SECTION 3: Heroic Discourses in the Imperial Centre Germany's War in China: Media Coverage & Political Myth Yixu LU (Sydney) Genocide in German South-West Africa: an Overview of the Discussion it Generated Robin Krause (Clark University) Abuses of German Colonial History: the Character of Carl Peters as Weapon for Volkisch and National Socialist Discourses: Anglophobia, Anti-Semitism, Aryanism Constant KPAO SARE (Saarland) SECTION 4: Colonialism and German Literature Fraternity, Frenzy and Genocide. War Literature and the Colonial 'Other' Jorg LEHMANN (Berlin) Representing German Colonial Interventions in Poland Kristin KOPP (Missouri) A Spotlight on a Dark Chapter in German History: Criticism of German Colonialism in Uwe Timm's novel 'Morenga' and its Reception by the West German Public Esther ALMSTADT (Bremen) SECTION 5: Colonialism and Popular Culture Exotic Education: Writing Empire for German Boys and Girls, 1884-1914 Jeffrey BOWERSOX (Toronto) Picturing Genocide in German Consumer Culture, 1904-1910 David CIARLO (MIT, Boston) 'Greetings from Africa'--The Visual Representation of Blackness under German Imperialism Volker LANGBEHN (San Francisco) SECTION 6: Colonialism after the End of Empire 'Loyal Askari' and 'Black Rapist'--Two Images in the German Discourse on National Identity and their Impact on the Lives of Black People in Germany, 1918-1945 Susanne LEWERENZ (Hamburg) 'Denkmalsturz.' The German Student Movement and German Colonialism Ingo CORNILS (Leeds) Reflections on the Idea of 'Colonial Amnesia' in post-1945 West Germany Monika ALBRECHT (Munster) The Persistence of (Colonial) Fantasies Wolfgang STRUCK (Erfurt) SECTION 7: The Transnational Dimension The Herero Genocide and Politics of Memory Dominik SCHALLER (Heidelberg) Vergangenheitsbewaltigung a la francaise. (Post-)Colonial memories of the Herero Genocide and 17 October, 1961 Kathryn JONES (Swansea) Beyond Empire: German Women in Africa 1919-1933 Britta SCHILLING (Oxford) SECTION 8: Mainstreaming Colonialism Colonialism and the Simplification of Language: Germany's 'kolonial-deutsch' Experiment Kenneth OROSZ (Maine) Aspects of German Identity in the African Colonies: the Role of the Local Press Elisabeth SCHMIDT (Paris) Torn between Two Lovers: the Intercultural Discipline 'Germanistik' in Postcolonial Sub-Saharan Africa? Arndt WITTE (Maynooth) Notes Bibliography Index


6 Abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate blood protein parameters in juvenile ring-necked pheasants using Ulster 2C, B1 and LaSota vaccines strains of the Newcastle disease virus. Total serum protein, albumin and globulin concentrations showed significantly differences among vaccinated and non- vaccinated birds. Significant variations were not observed in the analyses in relation to protei n electrophoresis profile.


My43 is a monoclonal antibody directed against FcαRs on monocytes that also recognizes neutrophil (PMN) FcαRs and is able to elicit a respiratory burst in purified cells. It appears to be directed against the immunoglobulin A (IgA) binding site of FcαRs or an epitope in close proximity, since IgA and My43 compete for binding to PMNs. My43 immunoblotted FcαR that had been affinity purified from PMN membranes and immunoprecipitated a 50–70 kDa protein from radiolabeled PMN membranes, apparently identical to that purified on IgA‐Sepharose. These results suggest the presence of a single class of FcαR on PMNs. Binding of unaggregated monomeric or dimeric serum IgA to FcαRs on PMNs occurs at physiological concentrations, suggesting that in vivo FcαRs are saturated with ligand. This binding does not elicit a respiratory burst. Purified PMNs do not express surface IgA, since receptor‐bound IgA is lost from the cell surface by endocytosis at room temperature although not at 4°. Rapid endocytosis of receptor‐bound IgA has been demonstrated by flow cytometry and confocal microscopy. Unoccupied receptor that is able to bind IgA or My43 is subsequently reexpressed. Cross‐linking of surface‐bound IgA using F(ab')2 anti‐α chain antibodies triggers an oxidative burst. After internalization of the surface IgA the same F(ab')2 anti‐α chain antibodies do not trigger the burst. J. Leukoc. Biol. 56: 481–487; 1994.


This paper describes an interactive tool for con- strained clustering that helps users to efficiently select ef- fective constraints during the constrained clustering process. Constrained clustering is a promising technique for smart data aggregation or filtering, which is indispensable for the user activity on the Web. Effective bias is necessary for the constraints selection in order to make it a more practical technique, We approach this problem by incorporating human biasing using an easy manipulatable interactive tool. This tool has several functions such as the 2-D visual arrangement of a dataset and constraint assignment by mouse manipulation. Moreover, it can be used to execute distance metric learning and k-means clustering. In this paper, we show an overview of the tool and how it works, especially for the functions for display arrangement by using multi-dimensional scaling and incremental distance metric learning. In the experiments, we investigated the performance of the sampling heuristics found by observing the interaction between the users and our tool. The results show that the heuristic outperforms the random sampling method both in the two benchmark datasets from the UCI repository and a Web page dataset from the Open Directory Project.


For some types of retrospective case-control studies we show how non parametric estimators of the forces of morbidity for chronic diseases may be constructed. For other types of study, estimators of closely related quantities may be also derived. In each case non-parametric testing can be carried out to investigate whether a certain factor or condition is a "risk factor" for the disease. An application is given to the example discussed by AALEN et al.


Improved endurance exercise performance in adult humans after sprint interval training (SIT) has been attributed to mitochondrial biogenesis. However, muscle protein synthesis (MPS) and mitochondrial biogenesis during SIT have not been measured, nor have sex‐specific differences. We hypothesized that males and females would have similar rates of MPS, mitochondrial biogenesis, and synthesis of individual proteins during SIT. Deuterium oxide (D2O) was orally administered to 21 adults [11 male, 10 female; mean age, 23±1 yr; body mass index (BMI), 22.8±0.6 kg/m2; mean± se] for 4 wk, to measure protein synthesis rates while completing 9 sessions of 4–8 bouts of 30 s duration on a cycle ergometer separated by 4 min of active recovery. Samples of the vastus lateralis were taken before and 48 h after SIT. SIT increased maximum oxygen uptake (VO2max, males 43.4±2.1–44.0±2.3; females 39.5±0.9–42.5±1.3 ml/kg/min; P=0.002). MPS was greater in the males than in the females in the mixed (~150%; P < 0.001), cytosolic (~135%; P=0.038), and mitochondrial (~135%; P=0.056) fractions. The corresponding ontological clusters of individual proteins were significantly greater in the males than in the females (all P<0.00001). For the first time, we document greater MPS and mitochondrial biogenesis during SIT in males than in females and describe the synthetic response of individual proteins in humans during exercise training.—Scalzo, R. L., Peltonen, G. L., Binns, S. E., Shankaran, M., Giordano, G. R., Hartley, D. A., Klochak, A. L., Lonac, M. C., Paris, H. L. R., Szallar, S. E., Wood, L. M., Peelor, F. F., III, Holmes, W. E., Hellerstein, M. K., Bell, C., Hamilton, K. L., Miller, B. F. Greater muscle protein synthesis and mitochondrial biogenesis in males than in females during sprint interval training. FASEB J. 28, 2705–2714 (2014). www.fasebj.org


Semiconducting polymer dots (Pdots) have recently emerged as a new class of extraordinarily bright fluorescent probes with promising applications in biological imaging and sensing. Herein we synthesized a novel series of highly emissive orange-fluorescent copolymers, poly[9,9-dioctylfluorenyl-2,7-diyl)-co-1,4-benzo-{2,1′-3}-selenadiazole)] (PFBS) and tuned the ratio of fluorene to benzoselenadiazole (BS) from 98 : 2 to 50 : 50 to investigate the influence of BS molar ratio on the emission properties of the resulting Pdots. An optimal quantum yield of 44% could be obtained for PFBS Pdots at a fluorene to BS ratio of 70 : 30. These PFBS Pdots also exhibited great photostability and superior single-particle brightness. We next conjugated biomolecules onto the surface of these PFBS Pdots and demonstrated their ability for specific cellular labeling without any noticeable nonspecific binding. We are now working on the synthesis of near-infrared Pdots based on this BS unit and anticipate this series of ultrabright Pdots will be very useful in a variety of in vitro and in vivo bioimaging applications.


In Sinai Peninsula, rainfall is low all the year around and is particularly lacking during the dry season, which may last for several months. In general, rain-fed agriculture is uncertain except at limited areas. However; to achieve higher yields and to produce vegetables, fiber and cash crops in these climatic conditions, irrigation is vital. Therefore the El-Salam Canal Project (ESCP) was established by the Egyptian Government to reclaim an estimated 260,000 ha of desert located at the western and eastern sides of Suez Canal. The main sources of project water are the re-use of agricultural drainage water (2240 Mm) from the Lower Serw and Bahr Hadous drains that collect their water from old lands in the Nile Delta, by means of mixing it with fresh water from the River Nile (Damietta Branch) using variable mixing proportions (up to 1:1) through the year. The recent measurements showed that there is a substantial reduction of drainage water available from Hadous drain that is one of the main project sources. This may be related to the water rationalization programs and the public awareness campaigns carried out by the Ministry of Water Resources and Irrigation (MWRI). The overall objectives of this research are to first predict the future drainage water quantity and quality for the project feeders and then propose different water management scenarios for operating the ESCP and finally analyze their suitability in relation to quantity and quality of El-Salam Canal water. The analysis started by developing regression based mathematical models for water quantity and quality data collected monthly during the period from 1984 to 2010. These regression models were then used to forecast the water quantity and quality of Lower Serw, Bahr Hadous, Farsqur and Upper Serw Drains. Based on the forecasted quantity and quality information, different operating scenarios were proposed. Finally, the water quality model QUAL2K was used to simulate these operating proposals on the El-Salam Canal water quality. The study presented two optimal water management scenarios for the future operation of ESCP. The results showed that drainage water reuse provide significant contribution to the challenges facing rainfed agriculture in dry seasons. In addition, the research explored the utility of simple water quality model (QUAL2K) as an efficient and user friendly tool for regional water management.


A method for estimating the amount of strand-twist in a two-strand yarn is described. The effects of various parameters of a modified spinning frame on the level of strand-twist were investigated and are discussed. Parameter values giving a compromise between high strand-twist and good spinning performance are presented.


List of Tables and Figures. Acknowledgements. Abbreviations. Part I. Introduction. . Part II: A History of Conflict and Revolt. . France and modernity. Domestic conflict and international relations. Political ideology and political parties. The polarization of the labour movement and the patronat. Republicanism and manifestations of a more moderate history. An exceptional history?. Part III: Political Exceptionalism, 1945--1981. Consensus politics in Western Europe since 1945. French politics in the post--war era. The persistence of radicalism and the absence of Fordist compromise. Part IV: The End of Exceptionalism? The 1980s and 1990s. The decline of overt conflict. Explaining consensus: the 1980s as a moment of tripartite harmony. Consensus beyond tripartism. Part V: Social Democracy and the Left. . The history of social democracy. The nature of the left in France. Characterizing the Socialist Party. A crisis of social democracy?. Part VI: The Paradoxes of Gaullist Modernization. . Authoritarian aspects of de Gaullea s rule. The progress of political stability and democracy. De Gaullea s foreign policy and the uses of grandeur. . De Gaulle and the economy: modernization from above. The unevenness of socio--economic change. Part VII: The Historical Significance of May 1968. . Regis Debray and Gilles Lipovestsky: the ruse of reason. The results of May. The spirit of May and the Socialist years. Locating May historically. Part VIII: The Waning of Intellectual Commitment. The place of intellectuals in post--war political life. The decline of the left intellectual. The re--emergence of liberal political thought. Part IX: Conclusions. The end of history. Fordism and post--Fordism: the regulation school. Theorizing change. Appendices. Bibliography. Index.


An object of the present invention is to provide a spreading mast feeding device which can be significantly downsized compared with the conventional. A such extended mast feeding apparatus 10 includes: a mast receiving portion 30 of the extension mast 20 is housed in a folded state a plurality of stages including a plurality of collapsible truss stage, the mast receiving unit in mast feeding unit 40 housed around the extension mast of the unfolded and condition, the mast feeding portion to the outside of a predetermined projected position of the mast receiving portion while a plurality of stages of extension mast is folded feeding the mast so fed on the opposite side to the mast receiving portion of the plurality of stages being folded of said extension mast in the mast housing part by mast feeding portion of the projected position causes moved to after successively extended from within mast receiving portion It is characterized by comprising a driving unit 50, a. .FIELD 1


Self-administered rewards are ubiquitous. They serve as incentives for personal accomplishments and are widely recommended as tools for overcoming self-control problems. However, it seems puzzling why self-rewards can work: the prospect of a reward has a motivating force only if the threat of self-denial of the reward after low performance is credible, and the reward is sufficiently enticing. By combining well-received theories of reference-dependent preferences and hyperbolic discounting we explain how a rational forward-looking individual may achieve commitment to self-rewards. Our results show why and when self-regulation built on self-rewards can be successful and thus illustrate the power, but also the limits, of self-rewards. JEL Classification: A12, C70, D86


In dimensional emotion recognition, a model called valence, arousal, and dominance is widely used. The current research in dimensional speech emotion recognition has shown a problem that the performance of valence prediction is lower than arousal and dominance. This paper presents an approach to tackle this problem: improving the low score of valence prediction by utilizing linguistic information. Our approach fuses acoustic features with linguistic features, which is a conversion from words to vectors. The results doubled the performance of valence prediction on both single-task learning single-output (predicting valence only) and multitask learning multi-output (predicting valence, arousal, and dominance). Using a proper combination of acoustic and linguistic features not only improved valence prediction, but also improved arousal and dominance predictions in multitask learning.


OFDM-based cognitive radio (CR) can use a set of channels in the spectrum pool and catch the appeared spectrum opportunity on each channel. Not only the performance of the spectrum sensing algorithm, but also the length of the sensing period can affect how much the spectrum opportunity can be utilized by the CR. In order to achieve the maximum efficiency of spectrum opportunity utilization, a nonlinear optimization problem on the determination of sensing period is formulated with the constraint of the interference with the licensed users. As far as the spectrum sensing performance of the CR is concerned, the time length of sensing determines the receiver operation character (ROC) of the spectrum sensor, and it plays a key part in the optimization of sensing period. The optimization problem is solved with the help of the penalty method. Analysis suggests that with the optimum sensing period calculated by the proposed method, the CR can guarantee the limited interference with the primary user, and achieve higher efficiency of spectrum opportunity utilization under the condition of better ROC at the same time.


The purpose of this study was to construct a set of Professional Indices for High School Physical Education Teachers (PIHSPET) after the new physical education curriculum guidelines of Taiwanese senior high schools was issued in 2006. The validity and reliability of the PIHSPET were examined. The research methods included Delphi method and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Initially, 22 physical education experts were assigned and served in Delphi method to construct the PIHSPET. Then, 293 high school physical education teachers, sampled by stratified random cluster sampling method, finished the PIHSPET questionnaires. The questionnaires were analyzed by CFA by using the LISREL statistical program The results showed that PIHSPET included 3 first-level indices, 12 second-level indices and 59 third-level indices. The first-level indices contains 3 dimensions including professional knowledge, professional competence and professional attitude. The professional knowledge dimension contains 4 second-level indices including cognition of general curriculum guideline, cognition of physical education curriculum guideline, general pedagogical knowledge and content knowledge of physical education. The professional competence dimension has 5 second-level indices including teaching capacity in sport, curricular plan in physical education, teaching strategy in physical education, teaching evaluation in physical education and risk management in sport. The professional attitude dimension contains 3 second-level indices including physical education teachers' belief, teachers' professional spirit and perspective of professional growth. The CFA indicated that the goodness-of-fit of the modification model could reach an acceptable standard. It is concluded that the PIHSPET is a well-consedered method with fair validity and reliability. It may be used to evaluate professional quality and developmental needs for high school physical education teachers.


A presentation of the Weierstrass approximation theorem and the Stone-Weierstrass theorem and a comparison of these two theorems are the objects of this thesis.


A flow constitution equation for expressing the flow properties is indispensable for understanding the flow properties of fresh concrete. The flow constitution equation for a cement-based material is generally expressed by using the Bingham model, where the rheological constants (yield value and plastic viscosity) are necessary. Paste, mortar, and concrete have been extensively investigated in studies on estimating the rheological constants from the mix proportion. However, no such studies have been conducted based on a single theory for all materials, from paste to concrete. In addition, there has been no study to theoretically estimate the shear strain rate dependence, the thixotropy (shearing time dependence), or the effect of hydration observed in the rheological characteristics of cement-based materials. Therefore, in the present study, the authors propose a method for estimating the rheological constants of paste, mortar, and concrete from the mix proportion on the basis of the viscosity equation assuming Roscoe's rule. By this method, the authors can consider the shear strain rate dependence, the thixotropy (shearing time dependence), and the effect of hydration. Furthermore, they examined the rheological constants determined by using the proposed viscosity equation. For cement paste and mortar, the validity of the rheological constants determined by using the proposed viscosity equation was confirmed by comparison with earlier experimental data. For concrete, the validity of the rheological constants determined by using the proposed viscosity equation was confirmed by comparison with experimental data through a simulated slump test using the finite element method.本研究では、ペーストからモルタルさらにコンクリートへと展開する新たな粘度式を提案した。そして、この粘度式を用いて、ペースト、モルタル、コンクリートのレオロジー定数を調合(配合)から推定する手法を示した。ここで、提案手法で求めたペーストとモルタルのレオロジー定数の有効性については、既往の実験結果との関係を比較・検討することで確認した。一方、コンクリートのレオロジー定数の有効性については、提案手法で求めたレオロジー定数を入力値として有限要素法でスランプシミュレーションを行い、実測結果と比較することで確認を行った。


Abstract Twenty-seven patients receiving prolonged inpatient antibiotic therapy for a serious bacterial infection received a single dose of dalbavancin 7–10 days before the planned end date to facilitate earlier hospital discharge. Eighty-one percent met criteria for clinical success, 7% experienced a potential adverse event, and 182 hospital days were averted.


In order to improve the forest management level and forest quality in the lingshan county,this paper briefly analyzes the lingshan county forest management and the present forest problems and points out the causes of problems as well. Some countermeasures are put forward in this paper.


The wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are special network which has purpose of gathering information in certain area. The reliability is an important factor in the WSNs for transferring the information to the destination. However, the reliability is decreased while multi-hop transmission of the information because a node which composes the WSNs has limited communication range. Also, the transmission process may suffer from the various factors including the faulty nodes and network congestion. To solve this, the multipath routing protocols, which transfer the information through a multipath to the destination at the same time, have been proposed for improving the reliability. In the existing multipath routing protocols, however, the network scale should be sufficient for constructing multipath to guarantee of the disjoint path and the energy is consumed for multipath construction#x002F;maintenance consistently. The energy consumption leads to the reduction of networks lifetime and the restricted network scale may not even ensure the enough reliability. Thus, we proposed Low-Cost Multipath Routing Protocol by Adapting Opportunistic Routing which can reduce consistent energy consumption and less affected by network scale. The proposed protocol exploits the opportunistic routing that improves the single-hop reliability in order to improve the reliability in each path. It reduces the number of paths, which constructed for ensuring the enough reliability. Also, a fewer path reduces the energy consumption and alleviates the restriction of network scale. Simulation results show that the proposed protocol provides the more reliable performance than the existing protocols in the network, which restricted scale, and consumes the less energy.


Crisis are part of daily life, but it is the response to them that separates between failure or success, whether it is an individual or a company. If the reaction is professional and correspondingly prudent the probability decreases that the crisis gets noticed, but if dealt with poorly, the probability increases that the response will become chaotic. In this paper I will examine the period from March 11 to April 11 in the political life of Mr. Sigmundur Davið Gunnlaugsson, Prime Minister of Iceland and conclude whether Mr. Gunnlaugsson would have been able to stay in office if professional crisis-management would have been implemented. Lykilorð: Áfallastjórnun, áfall, verkefnastjórnun, MPM, 1 BA í stjórnmálafræði frá Háskóla Íslands 2013, tölvupóstur: firstname.lastname@example.com


Droplet manipulation plays an important role in many fields, and smart adhesion control on superhydrophobic surfaces is widely accepted as an effective strategy. However, some imperfections such as long response time and deformable elastic materials are still difficult to be avoided for existing methods. Herein, a new strategy is reported to reversibly control the surface adhesion and droplet's sliding without the change of surface chemistry and microstructure. A novel superhydrophobic surface is prepared by integrating a substrate with a certain size of NdFeB magnetic region and a hydrophobic SiO2 coating. The magnetic region on the surface is highly adhesive, which can pin a superparamagnetic droplet tightly. As an external magnet (EM) with opposite direction of magnetic flow to the NdFeB magnetic region is put above the droplet, the droplet rolls off as the surface is tilted, indicating that the high adhesive region has turned into the low adhesive state and in situ droplet's sliding control is realized. After removing the EM, the magnetic region on the surface can regain the high adhesion, demonstrating an excellent controllability. Finally, based on the smart controllability, the surface with several magnetic regions is designed and on‐demand storage/release control of different droplets is demonstrated.


The evolution of Data center has grown drastically over the years. The amount of data generated for every second today, is million times greater than a decade ago. Hence the performance of data center plays a vital role in operations of an organisation. An Integrated model of resources to form a Converged Infrastructure and ease the way of management of Next generation Data Center.


s : Objective: Haemoglobinopathies are a group of disorders with structural or quantitative variation in normal hemoglobin structure. There are various identified haemoglobinopathies worldwide, among these sickle cell disease and beta thalassemia are prevalent in Gujarat. Both of them are associated with marked morbidity and mortality.Method: Hemoglobin electrophoresis is a low cost method helpful in early diagnosis of many of these haemoglobinopathies. In current retrospective study- 33 cases of clinically and hematological suspected cases of haemoglobinopathies were subjected for hemoglobin electrophoresis on agarose gel at pH 8.6. Result and conclusion: Out of 33 suspected cases 13 cases of thalassemia major, 10 cases of sickle cell anemia and 7 cases of sickle cell trait were diagnosed with varying degree of clinical and hematological findings. [ Patel S et al NJIRM 2012; 3(3) : 24-27]


This paper describes some of the engineering properties of six chilli (Capsicum annuum L.) cultivars, viz., Byadgi, Guntur sanam, Mathania, Kashmiri, Reshampatti and Teja which would aid in designing the equipment and apparatus for processing of dry chilli such as sorting, grading drying, destalking, size reduction and transportation. The significant difference was observed among the geometrical properties (length, width, and thickness), gravimetric properties (bulk and true density), optical (color scales L*, a*, b*), aerodynamic (terminal velocity), mechanical (hardness) and frictional (co-efficient of friction). Among geometrical properties, the whole fruit lengths were ranged from 83.83 to146.03 mm, width 9.66 to 41.41 mm and thickness 3.86 to 11.11 mm. The stalk length, width and crown height of the fruit ranged from 25.90 to 34.87, 3.03 to 5.64 and 4.11 to 8.43, respectively, these values can be used to fabricate chilli destalking machine. The bulk and true density were observed from 100 to 130 kg/m3 and 260 to 560 kg/m3, respectively, these values can be used to design the hopper or in vacuum packing. Colour scales varied from 19.80 to 27.56 for L*, 7.21 to 23.15 for a* and 8.53 to 17.61 for b*, these values may be used to colour graders for grading the chilli based on colour. The hardness of the fruit pod varied from 37 to 198.03 N/mm2 and for stalk from 32.83 to 127.54 N/mm2, these values may be used to design size reducing, seed extracting equipment. The terminal velocity (experimental and theoretical) values varied from 3.66 to 9.03 m/s and 5.33 to 10.69 m/s, respectively, these values may be used to design dryers. Coefficient of friction values for MS, aluminum and for steel varied from 0.46 to 0.65, 0.36 to 0.55 and 0.34 to 0.48, respectively, these values may be used in designing the hopper, conveyors and destalking machines.


A damped trapezoidal rule method for numerical time-integration is presented, and its application in analyses of dynamic response of damped structures is discussed. It is shown that the damped trapezoidal rule method has features that make it an attractive approach for applications in dynamic analyses of structures. Accuracy and stability analyses are developed for the damped single-degree-of-freedom systems. Error analyses are also performed for the Newmark beta method and compared with the damped trapezoidal rule method as a basis for discussion of the relative merits of the proposed method. The procedure is fully explicit and easy to implement. However, since the method is an explicit method, it is conditionally stable. The methodology is applied to several example problems to illustrate its strengths, limitations and inherent simplicity.


Provided is an exposing method for transferring a first pattern to be formed in a first pattern forming region and a second pattern to be formed in a second pattern forming region different from the first pattern forming region, to a substrate by guiding an illumination light passing through the first pattern and the second pattern, to the substrate. The exposing method comprises a first illumination light generating member preparing step (S10) of preparing a first illumination light generating member for generating an illumination light according to illuminating conditions to illuminate the first pattern, a second illumination light generating member preparing step (S11) of preparing a second illumination light generating member for generating an illumination light according to illuminating conditions to illuminate the second pattern, a pattern scanning step of scanning the first pattern, the second pattern and the substrate in a scanning direction with respect to the illumination light, an illumination light generating member scanning step of scanning the first illumination light generating member and the second illumination light generating member in synchronism with the first pattern and the second pattern, and an exposing step (S13) of exposing the first pattern to a first pattern transfer region on the substrate and exposing the second pattern to a second pattern transfer region on the substrate. At the exposing step, the exposure of the first pattern and the exposure of the second pattern are continuously performed.


Objective: Dysphagia occurring after surgery to treat thoracic esophageal cancer is commonly believed to be caused by recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) paralysis and injury to the muscles involved in swallowing due to manipulation during cervical lymph node dissection. However, we previously performed studies in our depart‐ ment and reported that RLN paralysis and dysphagia are not necessarily related. We also found that geniohyoid muscle atrophy, which occurs due to perioperative fasting, may also cause dysphagia. Meanwhile, some reports have documented a relationship between dysphagia and decreased laryngeal elevation distance (LED) during videofluorography (VF) in elderly patients and after esophageal cancer surgery. There are few published reports of a relationship between dysphagia and changes in the LED that have compared preand postoperative VF findings. We therefore performed a study of the relationship between the incidence of dysphagia and changes in preand postoperative LED. Method and Results: The subjects of the present study were 72 patients who underwent surgery to treat thora‐ cic esophageal cancer in our department from April 2014 to March 2020. All patients underwent preand post‐ operative VF, during which we measured the LED. We divided them into an aspiration (A) group of 17 patients and a non-aspiration (NA) group of 55 patients. The difference between the preand postoperative LED values was 14.12 ± 5.67 mm in the A group, which was significantly larger than the NA group value (8.63 ± 4.83 mm, P = 0.0002). The rate of change in the LED was significantly greater in the A group at 45.72 ± 15.69%, com‐ pared with 31.69 ± 14.67% in the NA group (P = 0.0011). Conclusion: There was a significant decrease in LED among patients presenting with postoperative dysphagia after esophageal cancer surgery, suggesting that LED measurement may be a useful quantitative indicator as‐ sessable during VF.


Introduction: In 1978 the U.S. Geological Survey began a 4-year study of aquifers in the northern Great Plains. The purpose of this map, which is a product of that study, is to show the altitude of the top of the Lakota Formation and equivalent rocks. Other maps show the total thickness (Feltis, 1982a), cumulative thickness of sandstone (Feltis, 1982b), and potentiometric surface of water (Levings, 1982) in the Lakota Formation and equivalent rocks. These maps are part of a series that describes the geology and potentiometric surface of selected rock units of Jurassic or younger age in the plains area of Montana.


The fieldwork was carried out on the Świna Gate Barrier shore (Polish Baltic coast). The investigations were started after a strong storm surge, that washed out foredunes on the Polish coast in November 1995. Since 1996, a new dune ridge has been observed to be expanding on the still developing beach. Although affected by storm surges and wave action, the new ridge has been persistent. The beach has becoming increasingly wider each year, more and more plants colonising the new dune ridge.


The basic heat transfer and flow friction characteristics of an elliptical pin-fin surface are presented. This surface represents a compromise between a strip-fin surface, where the fins are very thin and lead to low fin effectiveness when high-temperature low-conductivity materials are used, and a circular pin-fin surface, which is attractive for high-temperature applications because of good heat transfer performance coupled with a large fin cross section for conduction, but which has characteristically high friction factors. It is found that performance comparable to that of the best strip-fin surfaces can be obtained, with the further advantage of a larger ratio of fin conduction cross- section area to fin perimeter. The elliptical shape does not eliminate pressure drag, as boundary layer separation still takes place at about the mid-point of the fin. This particular surface geometry does give some difficulty with flow- induced noise, a problem frequently encountered in flow normal to tube banks and in pin-fin heat exchangers. (auth)


An aggressive, optimistic attitude with a team-type approach, including the pediatrician, the surgeon, the radiologist, the chemotherapist and the pathologist, constitutes the essentials for the management of the soft tissue solid tumors of childhood.The results can be most gratifying when dealing with infants, since instead of thinking in terms of a 5 year cure, we can proudly think in terms of our successful cases being 65 year cures.


: Social network data consists of social ties, node characteristics and behaviors over time. It is known that people who are close to each other in a social network are more likely to behave in a similar way. One of the reasons they act similarly is due to the peer influence and social contagion that acts along the network ties. A primary interest of social network data analysis is to identify the contagion-based social correlation. In this work, we model and estimate the contagion-based social network dependence based on time-to-event data. A generalized linear transformation model is proposed for the conditional survival probability at each observed event time, which uses a time-varying covariate to incorporate the network structure and quantify the contagion-based social correlation. We develop the nonparametric maximum likelihood estimation for the proposed model. The consistency and asymptotic normality of the resulting estimators for the regression parameters are established. Simulations are conducted to evaluate the empirical performance of the proposed estimators. We further apply the proposed method to analyze a time-to-event dataset about playing a popular mobile game from one of the largest online social network platforms and find that there is a significant contagion-based social correlation in times to play the game.


Much time, effort, and money are being spent today to develop new and exotic insulation for rotating electrical equipment. Insulation specialists are able to determine to the most minute detail the chemical, physical, and electrical characteristics of the insulation. But the reliability factor is almost forgotten.


the partition of a sub-continent between India and Pakistan in 1947. It is now also profoundly involved in the power rivalries of several of the great powers. And it is not insignificantly affected by the complexities and volatility of Kashmir's own political climate. Each of these elements have their more durable features as well as being subjected to sudden twists and turns of fortune. Indeed, plus ga change, plus c'est la meme chose, may be said to be the most apt motto for the Kashmir question when looked at in the perspective of the past twenty years. The events and developments of the first decade by now have been fairly fully documented and discussed' and we can pass over them briefly here. The second decade being much nearer to us in time is, by a familiar paradox, more difficult to see in the round. In this


Objective To analyze the irrational medical orders of intravenous drug centralized deployment,in order to provide reference for safe and rational clinical drug use.Methods A retrospective statistical analysis was conducted on medical orders of intravenous medication in People's Hospital of Dujiangyan City("our hospital" for short) from July to December 2012.Results 257 693 cases of medical orders were reviewed,647 cases were irrational medical orders,mainly including problems of solvent selection,drugs and dosage,administration route,incompatibility,computer input and others.Conclusion Intravenous drug centralized deployment in our hospital exists some problems,they need to be further improved.


A hormone from the pituitary gland has for a long time been known to be coiiceriied in the regulation of tlie dermal melanophores in lower vei-tebi.ates (cyclostomes : Young, '35 ; frogs : Smith, '16 ; Atwell, '19 ; Hogben, '24 ; Shen, '39 ; Teague, Noojin and Geiling, '39 ; elasmobranch fishes : Lundstrom and Bard, '32; Hogben, '36; Waring, '36; Abramowitz, '39; teleosts : T<leiiiholz, '35 ; Abramowitz, '37 ; Osborn, '38 ; reptiles : T<leinliolz, '35, '36, '38 a, '38 b ; Parker, '38). The function of this liormone in those higher vertebrates which show no pliysiological color cliaiiges has been a matter of speculation, although recent reports (Jorcs, '35) indicate that it niay have a metabolic role. Early investigators were uncertain of the exact origin of this chromatophorotropic hormone, inany being of the opinion that it was formed by the posterior lobe, a notion that perhaps ' National Research Council Fellow in the Biological Sciences. The term, 'inteiinedin, ' although used originally by Zondek to designate the hormone from the pituitary gland that caused dispersion of led pignieiit in the ciythropliores of the minnow, Pliosinus laevis, has also been applied to the hormone effecting melanophore dispersion. Whether one or two different hormones weie involved in this activity has been a disputed point. Bottger ( '37 b ) has rccently presented evidence which s h o w that the two effects a re mediated by the same hoimone. I n this paper iutermedin is employed SJ nonomously with the melanoplioi e dispersing principle.


Pot experiments were conducted to study the impacts of regulated deficit irrigation and nitrogen fertilizer coupling on growth and yield.The results showed that low nitrogen application rate and serious water deficit harmed the yield at seedling stage while high nitrogen application rate and serious water deficit or medium nitrogen application rate and slight water deficit did not affect the yield and its components of maize at jointing stage.Compared with other treatments,the yield was 13 224kg/hm2 and was the top in the treatment of soil water content being 65%FC~75%FCand nitrogen application rate of 160kg/hm2 at the seedling stage.


Johanson–Blizzard syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by aplasia of alae nasi, pancreatic insufficiency, aplasia cutis, anorectal anomalies and postnatal growth restriction.


The increasing awareness of Muslims about Islam encourages them to participate in activities carried out by mosque administrators, this has an impact on the capacity of the mosque space. This study aims to determine the distribution of mosques and their capacities based on the population in East Bogor Sub-District. Data collection is done by using spatial data to support decision making to increase efficiency and time accuracy by using the buffering method. Where the buffer is to determine the optimal radius assuming distances of 100 m, 250 m, 500 m, and 1000 m. The results showed that in East Bogor District there were 73 mosques and the capacity of the mosques was 33.72% of the total population of 106,029 people.


Then Γ α g := α−1Γ ∗ g α ∩ Γg contains Γ g 0 (4). Hence if M belongs to Γ g 0 (4) or more generally if M belongs to Γ α g , then J (M,Z) := Θ(M 〈Z〉)/Θ(Z) is holomorphic on Sg and satisfies the equality: J (M,Z)2 = det(CZ +D)ψ(detD) , whereψ : 1+2Z → {±1} is the non-trivial Dirichlet character modulo 4 (cf. §1). J (M,Z) is called the automorphy factor of weight 1/2. Letμ : GL(g ,C) → GL(r,C) be an irreducible holomorphic representation. μ(CZ+ D) is also an automorphy factor (with respect to Γg ) and so is J (M,Z) 2k+1 μ(CZ + D) (with respect to Γ g 0 (4)). Let Γ be a subgroup of Γ g 0 (4) of finite index. A holomorphic


Major advances have been made in the treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia over the last 20 years. A fundamental change has been precipitated by the discovery of the activity of the purine analogs fludarabine, 2-chlorodeoxyadenosine and pentostatin. These agents are now being compared in comparative studies with conventional regimens based on alkylating agents. An appreciation of the wide spectrum of prognosis and need for treatment has been clarified, and other important modalities, such as monoclonal antibodies and autologous and allogeneic transplantation, have entered the arena and will need to be woven into the new algorithms for the treatment of this disease.


Aimed at the defects of traditional monitoring system,a real-time indoor environment monitoring and warning system based on wireless sensor networks is designed.And the architecture of the system is given.The system uses CC2430 as the core of the wireless sensor networks,indoor CO volume fraction,smoke volume fraction and temperature are collected and monitored real-time.ARM microprocessor S3C44B0X is used as the central control component,which stores,analyzes and deals with the environmental information collected.And the SIM300 module is used for transmitting data remotely.When a fire or a gas leakage occurs,users receive alarm information by mobile phone in a timely manner.Experiments show that the system is simple,economical,stable.It can accurately forecast the indoor fire and gas leakage.


The political culture of the late nineteenth- and early twentieth-century placed a premium on the physical occupation of contested public spaces. Rooted in local custom, this confrontational tradition was sustained by the holding of mass rallies, demonstrations and public meetings. During the 1920s, however, the public traditions of popular politics were discredited, and increasingly identified with political extremism and especially Communism. As such, the response of the local and national authorities to such traditions changed. Concentrating on demonstrations of the unemployed, this chapter shows that the Labour Party, hoping to avoid association with the activities of the Communist Party, dissociated itself from local traditions of protest, preferring instead to stress the party's fitness for local and national office.


© 2021 Fahima F. Kassem et al. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. Abstract Plant cell and tissue cultures are promising biotechnological tools for the production of a myriad of bioactive secondary metabolites on demand. Discoveries of cell cultures capable of producing specific medicinal compounds at a rate similar or superior to that of intact plants have been accelerated in the last few years. Soyasaponins have recently gained more attention due to their biological activities and health-promoting functions. There are many reports relating the bioactive benefits of soyasaponins to their chemical structure mainly Soyasaponin I which possess unique pharmacological actions. Our previous study indicated that Tipuana speciosa (Benth.) leaves extract showed promising antimalarial and nephroprotective activities. This study aimed to isolate Soyasaponin I, a major compound in the leaves extract and the use of cell suspension culture as a biotechnological route for high-yield production of this bioactive molecule. The compound was identified by LC-MS/MS analysis and other NMR techniques. To the best of our knowledge, there is no previous studies have been undertaken for the isolation and the production of Soyasaponin I from T. speciosa leaves using plant tissue culture technology. Our data showed that the callus and cell aggregate of T. speciosa represent an over producer cell lines (220 folds) compared to the whole plant.


The supply of safe drinking water to rural communities has always been challenging, unlike in most large cities where government authorities have constructed central water supply systems. In many rural areas, primary water sources such as surface water and groundwater are at risk of contamination with rapid agricultural and industrial growth and climate change-related issues. Rainwater harvesting is an ancient practice for rural communities, and the momentum around its use is continually growing in recent years. However, the lack of sustainable treatment facilities on a small scale encourages dwellers to consume harvested rainwater (HRW) without any treatment even though drinking untreated HRW may have multiple health impacts in many cases. There are several methods of treating HRW. While chlorination is extensively used to disinfect water in large volumes, e.g., central drinking water supply systems), it has not been widely adopted for treating water on a small scale. We present a scoping review to explore whether chlorination could be a viable option for disinfecting HRW at a domestic level. It is found that inadequate treatment prior to chlorine disinfection could produce chlorine disinfection byproducts (DBPs). Limited data on DBP concentrations in HRW are available to assess its health implications. Based on this review, it is argued that chlorination could be an option for treating HRW at a domestic level when limitations associated with this method (such as safe storage, appropriate sustainable technology, and lessening DBPs by lowering total organic carbon before chlorination through other treatment methods) are resolved.


This paper proposes a modeling approach to survivability model for mobile Ad hoc network, which supports the automatic transformation to a simulation instance. A new survivability description model MARC based on the idea of ARC model is conducted. Within this model, the concepts of network services and events in detail are analyzed and formally described. Based on the work, MARCDL is designed and the important EBNF is outlined in this paper. Use of this language is illustrated through a case study.


Deoxyribonucleases (DNase) are known to have crucial roles in recombination, replication and repair systems. However, the detailed mechanism of their function has not been elucidated as yet. One strategy to gain further insight into the mechanism they display is to use specific DNase inhibitors. Recently, ROSENTHAL and LACKS1) described a method for the detection of nucleases separated in acrylatnide gels containing nucleic acid and sodium dodecyl sulfate. On the basis of this principle, we devised an agar plate method for the determination of DNase and DNase inhibitors. Screening DNase inhibitors by this method, we found that a Micromonospora strain produced an inhibitor in broth filtrate. The following paper describes the properties of the inhibitor. Fig. 1 shows the effect of DNase I concentration on the hydrolysis of calf thymus DNA (Worthington Biochemical Co.). When the diameter of the zone size was plotted against the logarithm of the concentration of DNase, a straight line was obtained over a wide range of DNase concentration (about 25 to 3,200 tog/ml). The size of the zone depended on the incubation time; thus, the longer the incubation period, the greater the zone size. A similar relationship was observed with endonucleases such as porcine spleen DNase 11 and DNases from various Streptomyces strains2), and exonucleases such as bovine spleen phosphodiesterase II (PL-Biochemicals, Inc.). However, in these cases the amount of enzyme needed to give a zone of similar size was much greater. Unexpectedly, although the optimum pH for DNase II has been reported to be 4.6, zone size was larger at pH 7.6 than at pH 4.6. The same finding was obtained using DNase I. The diameter is larger at pH 7.6 than at pH 7.0 (optimum pH). This may be due to differences in diffusion rate of DNases with pH. Up to the present time, there has been no re-


Electron correlation is one of most important topics in the field of atomic structure calculations.In this paper, the WHM correlation method proposed by Wilets et al(l980)and developed in the calculation of Be atom is applicated to Lithium sequence. The correlation energy of ground states and average value of r" are calculated, the comparition of results with CI method (Weiss) is presented. All quantities are in atomic unit.


This thesis intends to significantly quantify the transformation in forestry resource regions by means of establishing Estimate System for sustainable development of forestry ecological functional regions via the fairly mature analytic hierarchy process.Taking Khingan range in Heilongjiang as the sample,this thesis tries to analyze the practical value of the Estimate System mentioned above,then makes several recommendations on indext system,according to evaluation results,hence,to provide a reference for overall reformation in forestry resource cities and regions in northeast China.


We measured the pump-probe reflectance relaxation time in multiferroic Eu0.75Y0.25MnO3. The relaxation time can be tuned by magnetic field and follows the temperature dependence of the low-energy spectral weight that includes phonons and electro-active magnons.


HIV and AIDS-related stigma and discrimination together have long been recognized as one of the main obstacles to the prevention care and treatment of HIV and AIDS. Yet little has been done on a large scale to combat them. There are many reasons for this inaction including the belief of many policymakers that stigma is hard to define and measure making it difficult to design and implement interventions. Stigma it is believed is too cultural too context-specific and too sensitive to be addressed meaningfully. This report a synthesis of findings from research in four countries presents evidence suggesting that HIV and AIDS-related stigma is far less varied and context-specific than may have been imagined. In fact there are many more similarities than differences across these contexts in the key causes of stigma the forms stigma takes and the consequences of stigma. This finding opens a number of important avenues for intervention. It is time to make a concerted effort against stigma and discrimination in order to progress in the fight against HIV and AIDS. The report begins by defining stigma and in Section 2 providing background about the projects. Next it discusses that in spite of different contexts the four countries where the studies took place share key features that shape the nature and forms of HIV-related stigma. Section 3 presents findings focusing on the similarities across the four different country contexts and is broken down into the following sub-sections: (1) understanding the root causes of HIV-related stigma; (2) an overview of the main expressions or forms that stigma takes; and (3) the consequences or impact of HIV-related stigma. Section 4 concludes with a discussion of the way forward and an overview of the two anti-stigma toolkits that grew out of the projects findings: one that is suitable to many African settings; and one adapted from the first which is tailored for Vietnam but suitable for adaptation elsewhere in the Asian region. (excerpt)


The characterization of benthic communities at the Burdwood Bank slope (≥200 m depth) is provided, comprising data from the marine protected area (MPA) Namuncura II (created in December 2018), as well as from some deep bathyal surrounding areas in the Southwest Atlantic Ocean. This information was acquired during two research cruises with RV Puerto Deseado (Argentina) during 2016 and 2017. Marine animal forests were detected in the study area: coral gardens, mainly composed of alcyonaceans, were detected in the south and west of Burdwood Bank (MPA Namuncura II) and neighbouring areas, whereas pennatulacean aggregations were detected in the north‐west of the plateau. The three‐dimensional structures of live but also dead corals provide substrate and refuge to many associated species. Benthic communities dominated by sponges were also recorded between 200 and 300 m in depth. Six sites that meet the characteristics of vulnerable marine ecosystems (VMEs) are reported. Conservation strategies applied to scarcely known austral Argentinean waters led to the establishment of a pioneer MPA (Namuncura I). Following the management plan that aimed to establish the biodiversity of Namuncura I and neighbouring areas, the area of protection has now been enlarged to include the southern slope of the bank (currently Namuncura II), where marine animal forests were detected, at depths below 200 m. The data presented here provide empirical evidence to support the conservation value of the region.


Aberrant alterations in glucose and lipid concentrations and their pathways of metabolism are a hallmark of diabetes. However, much less is known about alterations in concentrations of amino acids and their pathways of metabolism in diabetes. In this review we have attempted to highlight, integrate and discuss common alterations in amino acid metabolism in a wide variety of cells and tissues and relate these changes to alterations in endocrine, physiologic and immune function in diabetes.


A quantitative, physical model for water tree formation based on Zeller's concept is presented. The water tree is assumed to be composed of cavities filled with aqueous salts connected by narrow cylindrical conducting links. This structure is formed in the amorphous region of a polymer. The difference in conductivity between the links and cavities and the un-treed polymer, introduces an electrical contribution to the free energy difference between these two regions under an ac electric field. Consequently, there is a pressure difference that acts to force aqueous sails into the un-treed polymer and to establish, first, a conducting link capable of transporting the salt under pressure, and second, a new cavity when the pressure builds up suitably at the end of the link. At all times the pressure gradient is directed away from the pre-existing tree structure. Our model suggests that there is no need to deform the polymer to form the link, and that the pressure difference is sufficient to force enough aqueous salts into the free volume to form a percolation system along the link cylinder. Expressions have been derived for the time required to form a link or a cavity in terms of the flow rate of aqueous salt into and through the link. This physically based model is suitable for computer simulation by defining a matrix of incipient links with nodes acting as incipient.


The efficient solution of global optimization problems in large dynamic systems requires methods that are robust, do not require analytical expressions for the objective function or its derivatives and require function evaluations only on the order O(n), where n is the dimension of the search-variable space. The adaptive complex method operated in a staged feed-ahead mode has been found to possess these qualities. The method is described along with tests using classical multimodal functions. The tests indicate that the method is efficient relative to other methods. Tests with higher-dimension multimodal problems (with spaces of dimension 22 and 36) are described, and the results indicate that the method can be employed to solve efficiently much larger problems of the class described. >


Ensuring quality and safety of food are nowadays t he most important goals set by companies who produce and distribute it. As a result, regulations have been introduced in the European Union countri es concerning the production and distribution of food as well as norms which oblige companies to implement and execute several quality management systems..


This paper discusses EM algorithm and Bootstrap approach combination applied for the improvement of the satellite image fusion process. This novel satellite image fusion method based on estimation theory EM algorithm and reinforced by Bootstrap approach was successfully implemented and tested. The sensor images are firstly split by a Bayesian segmentation method to determine a joint region map for the fused image. Then, we use the EM algorithm in conjunction with the Bootstrap approach to develop the bootstrap EM fusion algorithm, hence producing the fused targeted image. We proposed in this research to estimate the statistical parameters from some iterative equations of the EM algorithm relying on a reference of representative Bootstrap samples of images. Sizes of those samples are determined from a new criterion called 'hybrid criterion'. Consequently, the obtained results of our work show that using the Bootstrap EM (BEM) in image fusion improve performances of estimated parameters which involve amelioration of the fused image quality; and reduce the computing time during the fusion process. Keywords—Satellite image fusion, Bayesian segmentation, Bootstrap approach, EM algorithm.


Baker (1992, p. 259) defined the term "presupposition" as a pragmatic inference relating to the linguistic and extra-linguistic knowledge that a sender assumes the receivers to have or which is necessary to retrieve the sender's message. For example, the sentence "Bill's wife is beautiful" presupposes the fact that he is married, and the sentence "Helen regrets being angry with her boyfriend" presupposes that she was angry with him in the past. Regarding the concept of presupposition in translation, what matters is the concept of cultural presupposition because culture-or socio-culture-specific information may exist anywhere in source texts (ST), a detail that a responsible translator should not ignore when translating STs. By following Holz-Manttari's (1984) translation action theory, translation is viewed as a human activity having purposes and involving intercultural transfer. When a professional translator, being an intercultural mediator, translates the Chinese word 豆腐 into English as "tofu" instead of "bean curd, " it may be supposed that the target readers have seen the word "tofu" and know that it is a kind of Chinese food made from soybeans; alternatively, it may be assumed that the target readers are vegetarians or persons who like oriental meals. However, a problem may occur when a translator discovers that the target readers do not possess the aforementioned knowledge about 豆腐. The translator then has to make a decision to choose either "tofu, " "bean curd, " or "bean curd" plus an explanation as the translated version. In Nord's (1997) model, she asserts that a translator should first compare the ST and TT profiles defined in the commission, such as the intended text function and the addressees, to determine where the two texts may diverge before starting translation; then, the translator analyzes the ST to decide on the functional priorities for the translation strategies. Nord then provides a list of intratextual factors for an ST analysis, a presuppositional analysis being one of them. When analyzing the presupposition, a translator may discover that many difficult problems result from the divergence in cultural backgrounds between the TT and the ST readers. When examining the study of translation from a prospective angle, cultural presupposition is considered to play a large role in the impression that a translator makes on the TT readers. A translator providing sufficient or poor cultural backgrounds for these readers, whether consciously or unconsciously, will cause a different effect and impact on them. A translator well acquainted with the concept of cultural presupposition has an advantage to apply it freely to successfully achieve goals based on the translation purposes.


Objective To understand the relationship between coagulation factors,inflammatory reaction and coronary heart disease(CHD) by analyzing the changes of fibrinogen(Fib),D-dimer (DD),C-reactive protein(CRP) and white blood cell(WBC) count.Methods The levels of Fib,DD, CRP and WBC were measured and compared in 91cases with CHD[including 34 cases of acute myocardial infarction(AMI group),30 cases of unstable angina pectoris(UAP group) and 27 cases of stable angina pectoris(SAP group)]and 30 healthy controls(healthy control group).Results Plasma concentrations of Fib,DD,CRP and WBC were the highest in AMI group,followed by those in UAP group,SAP group and healthy control group.There were statistical differences in the above parameters between AMI group and UAP group;so were between UAP group and SAP group.There was no significant difference between UAP group and healthy control group(P0.05).Conclusion The coagulation factors and inflammatory reaction are closely associated with occurrence and development of coronary heart disease.Four parameters(Fib,DD,CRP and WBC) can be used as adjuvant indicators of differentiating types of CHD and evaluating severity of disease.


To prepare peptides with high angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory (ACEi) activity, Alcalase was screened from five proteases and employed to prepare protein hydrolysate (TMH) of skipjack tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis) milts. Subsequently, 10 novel ACEi peptides were isolated from the high-ACEi activity TMH and identified as Tyr-Asp-Asp (YDD), Thr-Arg-Glu (TRE), Arg-Asp-Tyr (RDY), Thr-Glu-Arg-Met (TERM), Asp-Arg-Arg-Tyr-Gly (DRRYG), Ile-Cys-Tyr (ICY), Leu-Ser-Phe-Arg (LSFR), Gly-Val-Arg-Phe (GVRF), Lys-Leu-Tyr-Ala-Leu-Phe (KLYALF), and Ile-Tyr-Ser-Pro (IYSP) with molecular weights of 411.35, 404.41, 452.45, 535.60, 665.69, 397.48, 521.61, 477.55, 753.91, and 478.53 Da, respectively. Among them, the IC50 values of ICY, LSFR, and IYSP on ACE were 0.48, 0.59, and 0.76 mg/mL, respectively. The significant ACEi activity of ICY, LSFR, and IYSP with affinities of −7.0, −8.5, and −8.3 kcal/mol mainly attributed to effectively combining with the ACEi active sites through hydrogen bonding, electrostatic force, and hydrophobic interaction. Moreover, ICY, LSFR, and IYSP could positively influence the production of nitric oxide (NO) and endothelin-1 (ET-1) secretion in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and weaken the adverse impact of norepinephrine (NE) on the production of NO and ET-1. In addition, ICY, LSFR, and IYSP could provide significant protection to HUVECs against H2O2 damage by increasing antioxidase levels to decrease the contents of reactive oxide species and malondialdehyde. Therefore, the ACEi peptides of ICY, LSFR, and IYSP are beneficial functional molecules for healthy foods against hypertension and cardiovascular diseases.


The result of observing the structure of the thyroid gland tissue of wild goose with histology and histochemistry method by using different kinds of sections indicated that in the section of H-E staining tissue the thyroid gland consists of spherical folliculars with little interstitial and each follicular was lined by a simple epithelium.PAS section showed that the folliculars fills with much red colloid and colloid was a matter of amylose.In the silver staining section the cytoblasm contained a kind of argyrophic alpha granules with a color of black.The histological structure of gray wild goose is different from that of Siji goose and Taihu goose.


Construction technology has transformed into hyper technological mode due to convergence of science of building materials, AI simulations and IOT tools of building management. However, the regulators evaluation of the built up space remains static for decades since the emergence of mega cities since the end of the World War II. There is a gap in the domain of building evaluation corresponding to the converging technologies. This paper reviews the origin of FSR (floor space ratio) and proposes suggestions for introducing new norms that are similar and comprehensive when compared to FSR norms. It would be a key policy measure to scientifically ensure sustainable development in the construction industry to stimulate resilient building designs and construction practices.


Accelerated intermittent theta burst stimulation (aiTBS) is a promising treatment option for depressed patients. However, there is a large interindividual variability in clinical effectiveness and individual biomarkers to guide treatment outcome are needed.


The merger of two white dwarfs may be preceded by the ejection of some mass in "tidal tails," creating a circumstellar medium around the system. We consider the variety of observational signatures from this material, which depend on the lag time between the start of the merger and the ultimate explosion (assuming one occurs) of the system in a Type Ia supernova (SN Ia). If the time lag is fairly short, then the interaction of the supernova ejecta with the tails could lead to detectable shock emission at radio, optical, and/or X-ray wavelengths. At somewhat later times, the tails produce relatively broad NaID absorption lines with velocity widths of the order of the white dwarf escape speed (∼1000 km s−1). That none of these signatures have been detected in normal SNe Ia constrains the lag time to be either very short (≲ 100 s) or fairly long (≳ 100 yr). If the tails have expanded and cooled over timescales ∼104 yr, then they could be observable through narrow NaID and Ca ii H&K absorption lines in the spectra, which are seen in some fraction of SNe Ia. Using a combination of three-dimensional and one-dimensional hydrodynamical codes, we model the mass loss from tidal interactions in binary systems, and the subsequent interactions with the interstellar medium, which produce a slow-moving, dense shell of gas. We synthesize NaID line profiles by ray casting through this shell, and show that in some circumstances tidal tails could be responsible for narrow absorptions similar to those observed.


The present invention relates to immunostimulatory RNA oligonucleotides (ORN). In particular, ORN has a 3 'poly G motif and optionally a 5' poly G motif directly or indirectly flanked immunostimulatory ORN motif. The present invention also relates to associated kits for using the methods and ORN including therapeutic methods and screening methods.


Cortical bone has anisotropic elastic properties determined by the microstructure and the quality of the mineralized collagen matrix. Knowledge of the stiffness coefficients is an issue for phenotyping, analyzing the biomechanical response to local strains or assessment of novel quantitative ultrasound (QUS) methods. Precise measurement methods which can be used routinely are still demanded. Since the work of Lang in the 60's, US methods have been popular to measure bone elasticity because they are mostly non destructive and can be adapted to any size and shape of samples. Traditional mechanical methods do not have this versatility. Adaptability of US stem from the possibility to choose the frequency. However different properties are measured depending on the frequency due to the heterogeneity of bone tissue. In the past years we have implemented a variety of US methods to measure bone. This includes (i) through-transmission and reflection methods dedicated to imaging bone elasticity with a resolution range 30micron-3mm; (ii) assessment of anisotropy from parallelepiped samples with various aspect ratios. We will present the recent developments and discuss the precision and accuracy of the methods.


Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine, Vol. 10, No. 3, 2014 Neuropsychological examination revealed mild cognitive, memory, verbal, and visual defi cits. Strength was 4/5 in left shoulder abduction, left elbow fl exion, left elbow extension, left wrist extension, and left hand grip. Refl exes were brisk in the left biceps tendon. The remainder of the physical and neurological examination was normal; and Mallampati score was 2 Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain with and without gadolinium contrast was normal. MRI of the left shoulder and brachial plexus showed no plexus infl ammation and no joint abnormalities. Nerve conduction studies and concentric needle electromyography showed no electrophysiologic evidence for a left brachial plexopathy, left cervical radiculopathy, or left upper extremity neuropathy. A diagnostic polysomnogram (PSG) with 16-channel EEG was performed while on extended release formulation levetiracetam 1,000 mg twice per day. The patient was on no other medications. A sample from the EEG is displayed in Figure 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5664/jcsm.3546


The fast, scientific and accurate deployment of emergency resource is the key restraint of emergency disposal. Based on the degree of demand for medicine, firefighting, police, hazardous chemicals rescue and other special categories of resources in road emergency handling, an emergency resource optimization model was proposed in this paper. Artificial intelligence rule-based-reasoning and fuzzy mathematics were aggregated to build an optimal allocation model. This research is funded by project in the National Science and Technology Program during the Twelfth Five-year Plan Period (Project Number: 2014BAG01B0501). In the process of project implementation, different cases were analyzed based on historical data and the validity of the model was confirmed to support related research and applications.


The paper discusses one of the urgent social problems - the discrepancy between the vocational education and labor market demands. Nowadays, apart from the necessary knowledge and skills, the college leavers should be able to meet the challenges of life – i.e. update the acquired information, establish necessary contacts, deal with multilevel nonstandard problems. For solving the above problem, the authors recommend a dual educational system, integrating the theoretical and practical courses and based on the training facilities of educational institutions and industrial enterprises. The given model is regarded as the most effective one for developing students' potential and guaranteeing their adaptation to the work place. Due to the close interaction between the educational institutions and employers, the dual system can provide a successful psychological and professional integration of future specialists. In conclusion, the paper discusses the experience of Pervouralsk Metallurgical College implementing the duel system aimed at vocational training of qualified and competitive specialists.


Introduction. The article is devoted to the study of the peculiarities of the normative-legal consolidation of the government program in the member states of the European Union and Ukraine. Emphasis is placed on the issue of constitutional and legal regulation of interaction between the parliament and the government in terms of development and approval of the government program. The purpose of the study is to reveal the constitutional nature of the government program in Ukraine and the мember states of the European Union on the basis of legislation. To solve the set goals and objectives, such research methods as logical-semantic, system-structural, formal-legal, comparative-legal, historical-legal, etc. were used.

Summary of the main research results. The legal nature of the government program of activities is considered. Emphasis is placed on the specifics of enshrining in the constitutions of individual member states of the European Union this document of the highest executive body, the obligation to submit it to parliament and its approval. The article analyzes the legal positions on the classification of the above states into those in which the approval of the government program is one of the conditions for its formation and further operation and those where the procedure of government formation does not depend on approval or disapproval of its program. The consolidation of certain issues concerning the Program of Activities of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine in the Constitution of Ukraine is analyzed. The main stages of the procedure of approving the Program of Activities of the government by the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine are revealed.

Conclusions. It was emphasized that there are a number of unresolved issues regarding the approval of the Program of Activities of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine by the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine, which should be resolved by amending the legislation. Relevant amendments to the Constitution of Ukraine and laws of Ukraine on the need for approval by the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine of the Program of Activities of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine at the stage of its formation have been proposed.


Hanle-effect measurements yield values for the collisional depolarization rates of $^{2}P_{\frac{1}{2}}$ excited atomic states that are about three times too small unless one explicitly includes the effects of nuclear spin. The broadening also becomes a nonlinear function of foreign-gas pressure. We present experimental evidence for nuclear-spin effects on pressure-broadened Hanle-effect signals of ${\mathrm{Rb}}^{85}$ and ${\mathrm{Rb}}^{87}$ in helium.


Evidence in Action Rounds is a unit-based interactive forum that assists nurses in defining and discussing evidence-based practice and the evidence-based approach to answering questions using frameworks of the Iowa Model, the Johns Hopkins evidence scale, and nursing sensitive indicators. Patient-specific clinical questions are examined and any gaps or opportunities for improving patient care are addressed with the best evidence available. This combination of librarian and nursing expertise works to familiarize staff nurses with evidence-based resources and translate evidence into practice while minimizing time and resource investment of all involved.


We characterize when two maps f,g:X→X on a finite set are conjugated, that is, when there is a permutation σ:X→X such that f=σ−1gσ. We build a signature sgn (f) for every map f such that f and g are conjugated if and only if sgn (f)=sgn (g). This signature is an array that includes information about the cycles of the map and the noncyclic elements, called transients, besides data about the insertion of the transients in the cycle. The transient elements form several tree shape graphs. Our characterization is a generalization of the known fact that two permutations are conjugated if and only if they have the same cycle structure. We use elementary facts about finite dynamical systems and about the canonical labeling of unordered trees. The signature can be built by an algorithm of complexity O(n), being n the cardinality of X.


In this paper, we consider a low complexity symbol-wise beamforming for MIMO-OFDM systems. We propose a non-iterative algorithm for the symbol-wise beamforming, which can provide the performance approaching that of the conventional symbol-wise beamforming based on the iterative algorithm. We demonstrate that our proposed scheme can reduce the computational complexity significantly. From our simulation results, it is evident that our proposed scheme leads to a negligible performance loss compared to the conventional symbol-wise beamforming regardless of spatial correlation or presence of co-channel interference.


Introduction: Azadirachta indica or Neem is a vital restorative plant which is generally utilized throughout the world as a house hold cure in hypertensive and diabetic patients and furthermore for the cure of different skin illnesses. Aims and Objective: To evaluate the histological effects of aqueous extract of neem leaves on the, hepatic lobules, hepatocytes and centrilobular veins of adult albino rats. Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted in PGMI, Shaikh Zayed Hospital Lahore for 21 days. Material and methods: 45 Albino rats of both genders were used and they were randomly divided into three groups of 15 animals each, group A (Control), group B (low dosage) and group C (high dosage). The rats of group A received distilled water, while group B and C received 40 mg/kg and 100mg/kg of aqueous extract of neem for 20 days through the orogastric tube. At the end of complete dosing schedule, rats were sacrificed and the livers were dissected out for histological examination. Results: The livers of both groups showed deranged hepatocellular architecture with shrinkage, atrophy, hemorrhage and coagulative necrosis of hepatocyte along with dilatation and congestion of centrilobular veins. All these changes were focal affecting one lobule more than the other. These alterations were more marked in high dosage group than the low dosage pvalue< 0.001. Conclusion: The present research work demonstrates that the higher doses (100mg/kg) of neem extract induce remarkable histological effects on liver.


Manufacturing method for a display device according to an embodiment of the present invention comprises the steps of: providing a substrate, forming a first insulating layer forming a semiconductor layer on the substrate, the semiconductor layer, the first insulating forming a metal layer on the layer, forming a second insulating layer on the metal layer, forming an etching reducing layer on the second insulating layer, forming a photoresist pattern on the etched relief layer, It may comprise the step of etching the etched relief layer, the first and second insulating layers to expose the semiconductor layer.


The invention relates to a preparation method of toluene diisocyanate bipolymer. The process principle of the preparation method mainly adopts diaminotoluene and dimethyl carbonate as the main materials for a condensation reaction for producing the toluene diisocyanate bipolymer; because the main byproduct of the condensation reaction of the method is methanol, environmental pollution is less, and by the processing such as sufficiently recycling and reusing of the reactants, the high-purity toluene diisocyanate bipolymer can be obtained; by rectifying reaction mother liquor twice, all the substances in the mother liquor are extracted out, and thereby are utilized purposefully, consequently, the utilization rate of the reactants can be increased, and the product profit in the preparation process of the toluene diisocyanate bipolymer is increased.


Abstract It is shown that the group of geometrical symmetries of the Universal equation of D-dimensional space coincides with SL(D + 1, R).


A few weeks before the formal publication of the International Fortran 90 Standard, the world's first Fortran 90 compiler (f90) was announced. CERN was invited to perform beta-testing, and the opportunity was taken subsequently to assess the impact of Fortran 90 on the CERN Program Library.


A comprehensive and compelling work that provides insight into a land that has gone largely unnoticed in European studies. Appropriate for both students and scholars, it will illuminate and inform.


After the October Revolution of 1917, an endless stream of migrants poured into Russia. They were workers and political figures from different countries, who sympathized with the Bolsheviks and their ideas. The majority of them were communists that had taken part in European revolutions and members of Communist Parties from various countries. These people found themselves in a new society, without knowledge of the Russian language or peculiarities of social life, which resulted in their isolation from the public and political life of the country. In this context, starting from 1923 there was introduced a programme in Moscow aimed at integrating immigrants into the Soviet society: they were given lectures and seminars, they made reports and took part in discussion clubs and guided tours of factories. This programme showed good results. Moreover, in Moscow there were established special organizations dealing with migrants: the International Club of Political Exiles named after Zagorsky, the Department of National Minorities of the Moscow Committee of the CPSU, and the International Red Aid (MOPR). The majority of immigrants settled in the capital as the centre of the country's socio-political life, but some of them preferred rural areas and formed communal labour settlements. Among them were "Zemnieks" community in Ostashovo, near Moscow, and the labour community of American Jews called "Herald", that was organized in the Podolsk district of the Moscow province by the January 1925. Thus, we can see that Soviet government sought to integrate all immigrant groups into the society. In today's difficult political situation on the international arena, it is important to be aware of this historical experience.


Abstract The ability of lytic phages to rapidly kill and lyse infected bacteria, the specificity of phages for particular bacteria, and the ability of phages to increase in number during the infection process make phages excellent potential diagnostic and therapeutic agents for fighting bacterial disease. However, temperate phages are of little use in phage diagnostics and therapy.


In emulsion polymerizations, desorption (exit) from latex particles of monomeric radical species that arise from transfer can be an important determinant of the overall kinetics. An examination of various methodologies for the testing of postulated free radical exit mechanisms is made. These utilize the model descriptions for the exit process presented in the accompanying article of Casey et al., employing data consisting of conversion as a function of time for the approach to steady state polymerization conditions. Experimental data are presented on the exit rate coefficients as a function of such experimental parameters as: particle size, monomer concentration, and aqueous-phase free-radical concentration for a series of styrene polymerizations at 50°C, where the average number of free radicals per particle (n) never exceeds 0.5. It is demonstrated for these systems that while the conversion/ time dependence from a single run, under conditions sensitive to exit, is insensitive to mechanistic assumptions as to the fate of desorbed free radicals, the variation of the exit rate coefficient with particle size so obtained suggests a second order dependence on n, implying the complete re-entry of desorbed free radicals under all conditions studied. Once the monomeric radicals have re-entered, they are more likely to remain inside the particle where they will either propagate or undergo termination rather than re-escape. The article also presents an estimate for the rate coefficient at 50°C of the first propagation step of the monomeric radical subsequent to transfer. The conclusions drawn here for seeded systems should prove useful for study of particle nucleation mechanisms, when exit is particularly likely in small, newly formed, particles.


Hysteretic characteristic is brought into neural network,and hysteretic neural network is constructed by changing activation function into hysteretic function.Hysteretic characteristic can enhance the inertia of keeping original state,which can reduce the error rate of state alteration,and enhance the storage and memory ability.Switching characteristic of hysteretic segment response can restrain fault saturation phenomenon during the training.A hysteretic neural network with the structure and training algorithm of feed-forward neural network is proposed to predict the time series.It is applied to predict the commodity retail price index.Prediction results show that the network has good capacity of generalization,and its forecast validity is better than that of conventional neural network.


A simple device for rapid measurement of the intensities of microwave absorption lines has been constructed. It requires only a small electromagnet and power supply and utilizes a free electron resonance to provide a standard comparison line at any frequency from 0 to 40 kMc. Preliminary tests carried out on ammonia at K band indicate reproducible results with errors of less than ±30% in most cases. Suggestions are made for improving the accuracy of the measurements.


The rehabilitation of cracked flexible pavements by applying an overlay or by milling part of the existing surface layer and then applying a new conventional asphalt layer are solutions frequently adopted by the Brazilian road administration. However, such practice has shown that the proposed objective is not always attained, once that the new 1 Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Departamento de Engenharia Civil – PPGEC, Rua: Joao Pio Duarte Silva, s/n Caixa Postal 476 Corrego Grande, Florianopolis – SC, 88015-230, Brasil, email@example.com 2 Departamento de Engenharia Civil – PPGEC, Rua: Joao Pio Duarte Silva, s/n, Caixa Postal 476 Corrego Grande, Florianopolis – SC, 88015-230, Brasil, email@example.com 3 Universidade do Minho, Campus de Azurem, 4800-058 Guimaraes, Portugal, firstname.lastname@example.com 4 Universidade do Minho, Campus de Azurem, 4800-058 Guimaraes, Portugal, email@example.com layer does not reach the project life due to the premature appearance of cracks originated in old ones. In pavements in which bottom up cracking occurs, a partial surface milling don't eliminate the pathology. Therefore, when a new layer is placed on a pavement surface, the existing cracks behave as crack tips. The high concentration of tensions in the crack tips, coming from the movements of their faces, is the result of: (i) traffic, (ii) temperature variations; (iii) humidity variations of the subgrade; (iv) quality of construction. To mitigate the crack propagation, several solutions have been studied. Asphalt rubber mixtures have been developed aiming at reducing crack propagation and at delaying fatigue cracking and rutting. This work presents the results of a numeric simulation using finite elements for crack propagation is presented with the aim of evaluating the damage due to traffic and temperature variations in an overlay. The model determines the levels of the Von Misses strain to which an overlay is submitted. The life cycle of a pavement is estimated by using the values of the fatigue laws of the tested mixtures, both obtained through 4 pointbending fatigue tests. The results showed that the asphalt rubber mixtures are capable of extending considerably the life of the overlays in terms of crack propagation, when compared to the conventional mixture used in Brazil.


This book (the publishers claim) is "a study of nineteenth century British expansion in microcosm." "British expansion in the Congo region," the author concludes (p. 229), ". . . was . . . of an informal kind. In this it reflected, in a variety of interesting forms, the most favoured technique of British expansion in the nineteenth century." The words "technique" and "informal" were—one must presume—used advisedly to convey the sense of a deliberate policy at work; the author's debt to the well-known views of Messrs. Gallagher and Robinson is patent and acknowledged. One might expect that he would be at pains to establish a thesis that is far from self-evident.


The Journal of Gene Medicine European Society of Gene Therapy (ESGT) Young Investigator Award 2004 will be presented at the annual meeting of the European Society of Gene Therapy, in Tampere, Finland, November 4–7, 2004. Alessandra Reccia won the award for her presentation 'Site-specific integration in human somatic cell DNA by adeno/AAV hybrid vectors', given at the ESGT meeting held in Edinburgh, Scotland, November 14–17, 2003. Dr Recchia was born in Rome in 1970. She graduated in biology at the University of Rome Tor Vergata in 1994. As a graduate student, she worked in the Department of Genetics at the Istituto di Ricerche di Biologia Molecolare (IRBM), a division of the Merck Research Laboratory, under the supervision of Nicola la Monica, where she pioneered the use of the replicase/integrase of the adeno-associated virus (Rep) to introduce foreign DNA at a specific site in human chromosome 19. As part of her graduate education, she spent six months in the laboratory of Frank Graham at McMaster University (Hamilton, CA, USA), learning the techniques involved in using helperdependent adenoviral vectors. She completed a Ph.D. in Experimental Medicine at the University of L'Aquila in 1999, on the development of hybrid Adeno/AAV vectors [1]. Since 2000, she has been working as a post-doctoral fellow in the laboratory of Fulvio Mavilio at the San Raffaele Research Institute in Milan. She has obtained evidence that a single helper-dependent hybrid vector containing a drug-inducible Rep expression cassette can be used to obtain site-specific integration of functional transgenes into the human genome (in vitro) and in a transgenic mouse model (in vivo). This work was presented at the 2003 annual meeting of the European Society of Gene Therapy in Edinburgh and is described in more detail below.


【Objective】Litchi(Litchi chinenesis Sonn.) is an important subtropical to tropical fruit which contain a high amount of phenolics. Previous studies found that litchi exhibits excellent antioxidant, radioprotective and hepatoprotective activities. The aim of this study is to screen a resin which has a good adsorption and desorption performance of phenols of litchi, and optimize the separation process parameters, thus providing a theoretical basis for establishing polyphenols purification technology and identification of polyphenols construction of litchi. The separation and purification process of litchi pulp polyphenol was established by macroporous resin.【Method】The static adsorption and desorption performance of eleven different polarities macroporous resins(HPD-200A, HPD-400A, HPD-100, HPD-500, HPD-600, HPD-722, HPD-826, D4020, NKA-II, NKA-9 and AB-8) to total phenolics and total flavonoids of fresh litchi pulp chilled acetone/water extracts were compared to select suitable resin for purification of phenolic compounds. Kinetic curves of adsorption were studied. The dynamic adsorption and desorption process parameters, including sample concentration(3.2, 1.6, 0.8 and 0.4 mg·mL-1), flow rate(4.5, 3.0 and 1.5 BV/h), and eluent of ethanol concentration(95%, 80% and 60%), of macroporous resin of HPD-826 were optimized. The phenolic compound types and contents of litchi pulp were analyzed by HPLC with the retention time of standard including catechin, gallic acid, chlorogenic acid, vanillic acid, clove acid, caffeic acid, epicatechin, ferulic acid, 4-methylcatechol, coumarin, rutin, quercetin, resveratrol and quercetin-3-Orutinose-7-O-rhamnose.【Result】The results showed that HPD-826 macroporous resin exhibited the best capability of adsorption and desorption of total phenolics and total flavonoids in litchi pulp. And the macroporous resin reached equilibrium within 4 h. The optimal separating process parameters were as follows: the concentration of litchi pulp extract and the sampling rate were 0.8 mg/mL and 3.0 BV/h, respectively, and the elution concentration and flow velocity were 95% ethanol and 3.0B V/h, respectively. The contents of phenolic compounds of litchi pulp were deduced by about 15% compared to before purification, but the phenolic profiles of litchi pulp were not changed after adsorption and desorption by HPD-826 macroporous resin. Nine phenolic compounds, 3,4 dihydroxybenzoic acid, catechin, vanillic acid, caffeic acid, syringic acid, epicatechin, quercetin 3-O-rutinoside-7-O-α-Lrhamnosidase, ferulic acid and rutin, were preliminary identified by HPLC. The major phenolic profiles were quercetin 3-Orutinoside-7-O-α-L-rhamnosidase, rutin and epicatechin. The percentage contribution of the three compounds to the total phenolic content was 94.37%.【Conclusion】In conclusion, HPD-826 macroporous resin could be applied to purify total phenolics and total flavonoids in litchi pulp.


 Text S1: Effect of sampling design on the heterogeneity of the mating network  Figure S2: Optimal number of EHNs in the relatedness network according to the AIC criterion  Text S2: Effect of spatial structure of the trees on the heterogeneity of the relatedness network  Table S1: Comparison of individual assignments to species based on interfertility, relatedness, morphological and genotypic similarities criteria.  Figure S3: Percentage of individuals assigned to Q. robur, Q. petraea and the intermediate class according to one criterion only, or two, three and four criteria consistently.