To the Editor: Hepatitis E virus (HEV) causes acute viral hepatitis, which in rare cases leads to fulminant hepatitis with high death rates, especially among women in their third trimester of pregnancy (1). Sporadic infections and epidemics have been reported from all parts of the world, especially Asia, Africa, and Latin America. Although indigenous hepatitis E has rarely been observed in industrialized countries, higher than expected anti-HEV prevalence has been detected in these areas (1). In the Caribbean region, many countries including Cuba, Haiti, Guatemala, and Honduras have reported hepatitis E (2,3), but the viruses have not been characterized.

The transmission of HEV is primarily fecal–oral, through contaminated drinking water; limited zoonotic transmission has also been reported. Despite only 1 serotype, 4 major genotypes of HEV have been reported (1). Genotype 1 is mainly responsible for sporadic infections and large outbreaks in Asia and Africa. Genotype 2 was first found in Mexico and later on the African continent. Genotypes 3 and 4 have been reported from the United States, Europe, China, Japan, and Taiwan; this group also includes the related swine HEV (1).

We report the phylogenetic analysis of 11 HEV isolates from 2 outbreaks and sporadic cases in Havana, Cuba. The first outbreak occurred in 1999 in a factory; 20 persons were affected (12 women, 8 men; median age 45 years, range 22–53 years). The second outbreak was in 2005 in a suburb of Havana and involved 26 persons (15 women, 11 men; median age 24 years, range 17–45 years). We also analyzed HEV in 12 sporadic clinical cases obtained from the Cuban national surveillance program for viral hepatitis. Most patients reported asthenia, epigastric pain, nausea, and vomiting. None had any history of international travel, contact with persons traveling from disease-endemic areas, or consumption of exotic foods. Serologic screening showed all patients to be negative for immunoglobulin (Ig) M against hepatitis A and hepatitis C viruses. One patient had positive results for hepatitis B surface antigen but negative results for anti-hepatitis B core antigen IgM and hepatitis B virus DNA. All patients were positive for anti-HEV IgM (Genelab Diagnostics, Singapore) according to the manufacture's criteria. A total of 22 serum samples (outbreak 1, n = 9; outbreak 2, n = 7; sporadic cases, n = 6) were tested for HEV RNA; only 2 (both from sporadic cases) were positive. A total of 31 serum samples were also tested for anti-HEV IgG (Genelab Diagnostics), of which 22 were positive (outbreak 1, n = 7/10; outbreak 2, n = 10/13; sporadic cases, n = 5/8).

A total of 44 stool samples were collected 2–4 weeks after onset of symptoms and stored at –70°C until use. Fecal samples were screened for HEV open reading frame (ORF) 2 by using reverse transcription (RT)–PCR (4). For genotyping, nested RT-PCR was then performed for the ORF1 RdRp region (5) on 18 samples that were positive for ORF2. Of the 12 PCR products obtained, 11 fragments were cloned into pGEMT Easy Vector (Promega, Madison, WI, USA). At least 3 positive clones for each sample were sequenced, and the consensus sequence was used for phylogenetic analysis. The GenBank accession numbers of ORF1 for the HEV outbreak cases from Cuba are CUB10-1999 ({"type":"entrez-nucleotide","attrs":{"text":"EU165504","term_id":"157932606"}}EU165504), CUB11-1999 ({"type":"entrez-nucleotide","attrs":{"text":"EU165502","term_id":"157932602"}}EU165502), CUB13-1999 (EU1655019), CUB19-1999 ({"type":"entrez-nucleotide","attrs":{"text":"EU165500","term_id":"157932598"}}EU165500), CUB24-1999 ({"type":"entrez-nucleotide","attrs":{"text":"EU165499","term_id":"157932596"}}EU165499), CUB68-2005 ({"type":"entrez-nucleotide","attrs":{"text":"EU165496","term_id":"157932590"}}EU165496), and CUB71-2005 ({"type":"entrez-nucleotide","attrs":{"text":"EU165495","term_id":"157932588"}}EU165495). For the sporadic cases they are CUB9-2005 ({"type":"entrez-nucleotide","attrs":{"text":"EU165503","term_id":"157932604"}}EU165503), CUB1803-2003 ({"type":"entrez-nucleotide","attrs":{"text":"EU165494","term_id":"157932586"}}EU165494), CUB2-2005 ({"type":"entrez-nucleotide","attrs":{"text":"EF493155","term_id":"152925774"}}EF493155), and CUB27-2005 ({"type":"entrez-nucleotide","attrs":{"text":"EU165498","term_id":"157932594"}}EU165498). Additionally, nested RT-PCR was conducted with ORF2-specific primer pairs (6) for 2 HEV isolates, 1 each from outbreak and sporadic cases, and sequences were obtained. The accession numbers for ORF2 are outbreak CUB10D-1999 ({"type":"entrez-nucleotide","attrs":{"text":"EU284749","term_id":"162423731"}}EU284749) and sporadic CUB2D-2005 ({"type":"entrez-nucleotide","attrs":{"text":"EU284748","term_id":"162423729"}}EU284748).

Phylogenetic analysis of ORF1 nucleotide sequences showed that HEV isolates from Cuba clustered in genotype 1 with high bootstrap values (Figure, panel A). The same genotype was detected in an outbreak of hepatitis E in UN peacekeepers deployed from Bangladesh to Haiti (3). Although the outbreak was adequately contained, anti-HEV immunoglobulin was subsequently detected in 3% of civilians in Haiti (3). Nucleotide identity between isolates from Cuba and other HEV strains from genotype 1 ranged from 91.7% to 99%. The strains from Cuba were closely related to the isolates from India and shared 97.8%–99% homology with Yam-67 (7). Absolute ORF1 nucleotide differences (p-distances; MEGA2 software, www.megasoftware.net) of isolates from Cuba ranged from 0% to 1.6%, demonstrating a high degree of relatedness. The ORF2 analysis supported our ORF1 findings because the CUB2D-2005 and CUB10D-1999 sequences also clustered with genotype 1 (Figure, panel B). Both strains from Cuba shared 96.1% nucleotide homology with a prototype strain from Burma (Bur82) and were related to the strains from India (Hyderabad and Yam-67), sharing 97.4%–99% homology. Absolute ORF2 nucleotide differences ranged from 0.8% to 1.9%. This value for ORF1 ranged from 0.05% to 0.08% for the same isolates from Cuba (CUB2-2005 and CUB10-1999).

Figure

Phylogenetic trees constructed on the basis of A) 240 nucleotides, RdRp region, from open reading frame (ORF) 1, and B) 311 nucleotides from ORF2. Each tree was generated by using the neighbor-joining method; the distance matrix was calculated by using ...

HEV shows a global presence. The genotype distribution, although dominant in a given geographic area, is not limited to that area. For example, genotype 2, first identified on the American continent in Mexico (8), was later found in Namibia and Nigeria on the African continent (9,10). We report indigenous HEV genotype 1 strains in the Americas.


Background: Lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases (LPMOs) represent a recently discovered enzymatic route to cleave carbohydrates. Results: We report the first basidiomycete LPMO structure and describe enzyme-cellulose interactions with simulation. Conclusion: We characterize the copper-containing active site and identify loops important for substrate recognition and binding. Significance: This structure is the first LPMO from a model basidiomycete fungus that contains many LPMO genes. Carbohydrate structures are modified and degraded in the biosphere by a myriad of mostly hydrolytic enzymes. Recently, lytic polysaccharide mono-oxygenases (LPMOs) were discovered as a new class of enzymes for cleavage of recalcitrant polysaccharides that instead employ an oxidative mechanism. LPMOs employ copper as the catalytic metal and are dependent on oxygen and reducing agents for activity. LPMOs are found in many fungi and bacteria, but to date no basidiomycete LPMO has been structurally characterized. Here we present the three-dimensional crystal structure of the basidiomycete Phanerochaete chrysosporium GH61D LPMO, and, for the first time, measure the product distribution of LPMO action on a lignocellulosic substrate. The structure reveals a copper-bound active site common to LPMOs, a collection of aromatic and polar residues near the binding surface that may be responsible for regio-selectivity, and substantial differences in loop structures near the binding face compared with other LPMO structures. The activity assays indicate that this LPMO primarily produces aldonic acids. Last, molecular simulations reveal conformational changes, including the binding of several regions to the cellulose surface, leading to alignment of three tyrosine residues on the binding face of the enzyme with individual cellulose chains, similar to what has been observed for family 1 carbohydrate-binding modules. A calculated potential energy surface for surface translation indicates that P. chrysosporium GH61D exhibits energy wells whose spacing seems adapted to the spacing of cellobiose units along a cellulose chain.


Inexpensive sensor networks, such as those constructed using Berkeley motes, record many missing or absurd values due to low battery levels, transmission errors, sensor device errors and node failures. However, many mining algorithms do not easily handle data with missing values and the mining literature illustrates that removing records with missing values yields worse results than if missing values are intelligently filled in. A powerful method of filling in missing values is the expectation maximization (EM) algorithm which maximizes the complete (both observed and missing) likelihood. However, typical implementations of EM require a parametric model which is prohibitive for sensor networks as the M -step typically requires collecting and transmitting the expected values for missing values to a central base station. Furthermore, distributing either the Estep or the M -step onto the network is infeasible for parametric models as Berkeley motes have neither a hardware floating point unit (FPU) nor sufficient memory to implement them. In this paper, we develop a non-parametric version of EM specifically for sensor networks. We formally show that the E-step can be solved in polynomial time. Though, the problem associate with the M -step is NP-complete, a straightforward heuristic is possible. Therefore, our example is an example of generalized EM. Our preliminary empirical results indicate that our algorithm can restore many of the missing values. Future work will change the likelihood function that EM maximizes to include the mining task.


Individual differences in classification of transient, isoluminant, chromatic signals were studied in 39 male subjects (age 29 ± 2.9 yr). Chromatic contrast was constrained to either R-G or B-Y axes of opponent color theory. Subjects binocularly and centrally fixated a light grey (D6500, 10.3 ft-L), 14° by 9.7° background. Stimuli uniformly replaced the central 7° by 6.5° of the background for 10.8 ms and had either low or high contrast with respect to it. Achromatic stimuli were also presented. Recorded data included two-alternative forced choice responses (based on stimulus hue) and event-related brain potentials (ERP). Five fifty-trial blocks were presented in the order: black/white (high con trast), R/Y (low contrast), B/Y (low), R/G (high), B/Y (high). Across subjects, corresponding mean percentages of correctly classified stimuli were (mean/sd): 92 ± 7, 72 ± 23, 26 ± 3, 91 ± 11, 71 ± 29. Across blocks, correlations of mean percent correct vs variables CIELUV ΔE, MacAdam's AS, N1-amplitude and P3-amplitude were 0.09, 0.45, 0.86, and 0.97.


Since the very name of TAe Portrait of a Lady designates it as a work of art, the novel receives from the first an iconic emphasis. The word icon is used here both as Panofsky defines it, the element that involves iconography, the stady of works of art for tiieir meaning rather than for their artistic values (26), and as die OED defines it, "an image in the solid." Those images "in the solid" wiU fluctuate from works of art to works of utility treated as works of art in the later version of the novel. The function of the contained objects in TAe Portrait reveals itself on analysis as a major element of James's craft. We know from his letters that he wanted tiiis novel to "immortaUze" him, and tiiat it was to be in relation to his previous writings "as wine unto water." The proof of James's expertise in handling die many iconic references in TAe Portrait lies in the way they are quietly absorbed into the texture of the book, and it is only after we have examined the novel that we realize with what ingenuity and skiU they have furthered James's narrative aims.


As ever more of the Amazon falls under the ax, a large-scale project is helping to clarify how well various tropical species survive in recovering forests.


My remarks on Peter Lomas are offered from a respectful distance and in the interest of dialogue. Unlike the authors whose commemorative papers I have been invited here to comment on, I had neither personal connection with Lomas nor have I had any dealings with the Guild of Psychotherapists or the Cambridge Society for Psychotherapy. In that sense, my remarks stand apart from the intimate experiences voiced in these public statements of remembrance and praise. I was not present at the Cambridge conference to hear the papers given in memoriam and, in other respects too, cannot join the celebration of his life and work as an insider. And yet, I do not count myself as an outsider in the company of Lomas' thoughts and those of his colleagues who gathered in Cambridge to honour his contribution to psychotherapy. Memories, of course, take time to become a legacy, and the question of a permanent contribution waits on considerations turned towards the future through conversation. In the end, legacies are not purely private matters, but are experienced through many voices, including the many voices between and within disciplines. To give that which is left to us its due requires as full and varied an act of attention as we can manage. In Lomas' case, the essential questions lie before us. Who is being remembered? What is he being remembered for? Who comes after Lomas? That I might engage the papers by Gordon, Heaton, Logan and Morgan in a dialogue, and thereby gain a better understanding myself of what was most companionable in Lomas, especially for those who shared his passion for psychotherapy, is the main reason why I accepted the invitation to comment. I was pleased to accept, and it seemed like a good opportunity for me to listen to what Lomas' friends and colleagues had to say about someone who deserves our thanks. In keeping with what I take to be the spirit of Lomas' teaching (Lomas, 1990), I shall approach the papers under consideration from a somewhat


These tutorials will provide you with a practical introduction to using the neural simulation software and give you an insight into the principles of connectionist modeling. They are intended to be complementary to the detailed operation manual. Hence, detailed instructions on which buttons to press are not included here in most cases.


Fluoride concentrations were determined in deciduous teeth collected from children participating in a clinical study to test the anticaries effectiveness of self-applied acidulated phosphate fluoride


Random dynamical systems with Markovian coefficients allow two distinct ways of description. The description via the Markov semigroup is the classical one. More recently, the "dynamical systems " or " skew product flow " representation has been introduced. In this paper, we take the point of view of the skew product flow, and try to retrieve some of the basic concepts dealt with by the Markov semi-group approach. We introduce a notion of Markov measures in terms of the skew product flow setting by requiring the joint process consisting of the system orbit together with the noise to be a Markov process. A more or less complete characterization of Markov measures is obtained by proving that these are functionals of the past of the system. This implies that invariant Markov measures are in a one to one correspondence with the invariant distributions for the Markov semi-group.


The conceptual analysis of the polysemantic verb кэл revealed the following relevant concepts: man, animals, time, elements, artifact, odor, sound, mental action, physical condition, physiological condition, psychological condition, emotional-psychological condition, abstract phenomenon. The direct nominative meaning of the verb кэл reflects the basic components of the concept structure that may be ascribed to the concept core: object, operation, result


In February 2011, the world was introduced to Watson, IBM's cognitive computing system [1] that defeated Ken Jennings and Brad Rutter at Jeopardy! It was the first widely seen demonstration of cognitive computing, and it marked the end of the so-called"AI winter."Watson's ability to answer subtle, complex, pun-laden questions made clear that a new era of computing was at hand. An era where computers can start making sense of the vast amount of unstructured data in the world and apply this understanding not only to answer trivia questions, but also to tackle some of the world's pressing problems and change how people interact with computers. Indeed, since Jeopardy!, Watson has tackled increasingly complex data sets, and developed understanding, reasoning, and learning. Specifically, we have identified five core capabilities of Cognitive Computing: 1. They create deeper human engagement; 2. They scale and elevate expertise; 3. They infuse products and services with cognition; 4. They enable cognitive processes and operations; 5. They enhance exploration and discovery. The true potential of the Cognitive Era will be realized by combining the data analytics, and statistical reasoning of machines with uniquely human qualities, such as self-directed goals, common sense, and ethical values. This is what Watson was built to do, and is in fact already doing. Banks are analyzing customer requests and financial data to surface insights to help them make investment recommendations. Companies in heavily regulated industries are querying the system to keep up with ever-changing legislation and standards of compliance. And oncologists are testing ways in which cognitive systems can help interpret cancer patients' clinical information and identify individualized, evidence-based treatment options that leverage specialists' experience and research. Customer and technical support are in particular being re-invented, relying more on cognitive systems for self-help and for agent assist. In this talk, we highlight some of the applications of Watson that are being pursued by IBM. These include applications in customer and technical support, in Finance, in Legal


This paper addresses the cause of the Viking episode in the approved Viking manner – head-on, reviewing and dismissing technical, environmental, demographic, economic, political and ideological prime movers. The author develops the theory that a bulge of young males in Scandinavia set out to get treasure to underpin their chances of marriage and a separate domicile.


A vigorous male Drosophila melanogaster should produce from 10,000 to 14,000 offspring; a smaller, less vigorous male should produce about 7,500. The average fertile period of males is about thirty-two days. Following the fertile period is a sterile period which varied in time in the males used from 21 to 34 days. Sperm were observed in the testes of all males after their fertile period was over. Mitotic figures were found in sections of the testes of males after they had come to the period of sterility, showing that sperm were still being formed. Tests were made to find out whether the failure of sperm from old males might not be due to a deficiency of some fluid from the accessory glands. The results indicated that this was not the case. No sperm were found in the sperm receptacles of females that had mated to these males during their sterile period, excepting, of course, the cases of double matings. Therefore, the impotency of the old males must be due to a loss of function in the ejaculatory apparatus.


Introduction to the saga: the saga's structure the saga author possible sources. Kormakr's courtship: the first meeting (verses 1-10) Nrfi (verses 11-14) the ambush (verses 15-19) the betrothal (verses 20-1). Kormakr and Bersi: the failure of the marriage agreement the pursuit of the bride (verses 22-6) Bersi's duel with Kormakr (verses 27-35). The Bersi "digression": how the Bersi material is woven into the saga how Bersi's verses are arranged in the prose (verses 36-50). Porvaldr tinteinn: Steingerdr's second marriage (verses 51-2) Kormakr's exploits abroad (verses 52-58) Kormakr's reunion with Steingerdr (verses 59-63) the false insult verse (verses 64-5) the duels (verses 66-75). The final stages: Kormakr and Steingerdr in Norway (verses 76-81) Kormakr's death (verses 82-85). Conclusions, the genesis of a saga narrative: the saga's component parts the saga as a whole.


Background: This study was done to assess the effectiveness of removal using chemomechanical agent (Papacarie Duo) and conventional hand excavation methods in primary and permanent molars on the residual cariogenic bacteria, analyzing the time required for the procedure and the need for anesthesia. Materials and Methods: The present in vivo study was conducted 30 children of the age groups between 4 and 8 years. Using a split- mouth design, the teeth were randomly allocated into two groups, Group I - Papacarie Duo and Group II - hand excavation method. The groups were further subdivided into Group IA and Group IIA for primary molars and Group IB and Group IIB for permanent molars. The dental caries samples before and after caries removal from each group were taken to the Department of Microbiology and processed to check for the growth of Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus. The colony forming units were counted using a digital colony counter, and the results were subjected to statistical analysis. The degree of discomfort during caries excavation was evaluated and the time taken for complete removal of caries was recorded using a digital stopwatch. Results: The mean total viable count of S. mutans and Lactobacillus considerable reduction after caries removal in both Papacarie Duo and the hand excavation groups. The difference in the mean values for S. mutans between the two groups was found to be statistically significant (P = 0.001). However, the difference was not statistically significant for Lactobacillus (P = 0.91). The mean time required for the Papacarie Duo gel was lesser than hand excavation method. The degree of discomfort was significantly higher in the hand excavation group compared with that of Papacarie Duo group. Conclusion : The chemomechanical method (Papacarie Duo) is more effective in the reduction of both S. mutans and Lactobacillus from the carious dentine of primary and permanent molars than the hand excavation method.


Pseudomonas aeruginosa was grown under conditions suitable for pyocyanine production in a medium containing glycerol, L-leucine, DL-alanine, calcium carbonate, salts, and small amounts of various C...


The IMP-13 metallo- (cid:1) -lactamase was overproduced in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) and purified by chroma-tography. Analysis of kinetic parameters revealed some notable differences with other IMP-type enzymes, noteworthily a higher catalytic efficiency toward ticarcillin and piperacillin and a marked preference for imipenem over meropenem.


This study intends to assess the effect of long-term training on police officers' use of open and closed questions in investigative interviews of children. One hundred field investigative interviews of children were divided into two groups based on the interviewers' level of competence (training and experience). The police officers' questions were classified into groups of either open or closed. In all interviews, the mean numbers were 20 open and 217 closed questions, corresponding to an open–closed question ratio of 1:10. The most competent interviewers used 22 open questions and the less competent used 19 open questions, but the difference was not statistically significant. Analyses of variance (ANOVA) showed a significant effect of question but no main effect of competence. ANOVA revealed a descending number of open questions during the interviews, whilst the distribution of closed questions showed an inverted U distribution with most frequent use of closed questions in the middle part of the interviews. Possible strategies of enhancing the use of open questions are discussed. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


The use of shear properties including the shear modulus and shear strength of timber joists in current timber design is becoming increasingly important, especially to provide an adequate torsional stability and to avoid vibrational serviceability problems. No proper test method has been established to evaluate the shear properties and the standard testing agencies have recommended the determination of shear properties from modulus of elasticity of timber joists. A torsion test approach can be used to obtain the shear properties as it creates a purer state of shear in the timber joists. However, little research has been conducted to address the proper use of torsion and this requires an urgent detailed investigation on torsion. This research was primarily conducted to provide a better understanding the use of torsion test approach to evaluate the shear modulus and shear strength of timber joists. Full-scale laboratory torsion tests were conducted on structural size Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis) and Norway spruce (Picea abies) joists and on small clear wood and shear properties were obtained. It was found that torsion test produced considerably higher shear modulus and shear strength of timber joists than design values provided from the testing agencies. This signifies that torsion test may be a better approach to evaluate the shear modulus and shear strength of timber joists. This project also investigated the variation in shear modulus along the length of joists and influence of knots on shear modulus. A substantial variation, as much as 30%, was found in shear modulus along the length of individual joists. However, it was observed that knots did not cause any variation of shear modulus. This study also details the fracture mechanism of timber under torsional loading and recommends four general failure modes that can be used as a guideline for future investigations on torsion. In general, it was noticed that the torsion test yields predominantly shear failure in joists and that the fractures were commonly initiated within clear wood and propagated parallel to the long side of joists where shear stresses were presumed to be maximum under applied torque. This research also investigated the relationship between shear modulus and modulus of elasticity. No correlation between shear modulus and modulus of elasticity was found when the relationship was developed from small clear wood to full structural size. This raises serious concerns to whether determination of shear modulus based on modulus of elasticity is an appropriate approach. Overall, the work conducted here will provide an in-depth and broader understanding of use of torsion. The recent revision of the testing standard EN408 includes the torsion testing approach to obtain the shear modulus of timber. This work endorses the inclusion of torsion testing and proposes that the torsion test also be adopted as a method for evaluating the shear strength of timber.


In the 7-GeV Advanced Photon Source (APS) Conceptual Design Report (CDR), fifteen complete experimental beam lines were specified in order to establish a representative technical and cost base for the components involved. In order to optimize the composition of the insertion devices and the beam line, these funds are considered a ''Trust Fund.'' The present report evaluates the optimization for the distribution of these funds so that the short- and long-term research programs will be most productive, making the facility more attractive from the user's point of view. It is recommended that part of the "Trust Fund" be used for the construction of the insertion devices, the front-end components, and the first-optics, minimizing the cost to potential users of completing a beam line. In addition, the possibility of cost savings resulting from replication and standardization of high multiplicity components (such as IDs, front ends, and first-optics instrumentation) is addressed.


this article focusses on the international tax related aspects of the PEPP, the new pan-European personal pension product which should be available in the Netherlands and other EU member states as from 2021


The question of identity, although a major one for the young undergraduates whom many of us have the privilege to teach, is actually one that affects us all. In the words of one commentator, "Self identity is not only a problem for the young. It should haunt old age, and when it no longer does it should tell you that you are dead." If vitality is measured by the degree to which identity is a question, then the question of identity posed again and again to and by Catholic institutions of higher learning could be a sign of life. However, it is also a sign of a complex problem that is actually part of a larger reality that surrounds us: the diffusion of identity in a time of fast-paced change of global proportions. In the midst of these changes, how is any institution or even an individual "Catholic" today? Often the question is raised in the midst of polemical arguments, with accompanying amnesia about the problem that the very term "Catholic identity" poses. The word "catholic" is derived from the Greek adjective katholikos and is commonly translated as referring to or directed toward the whole, the universal, and the general, as opposed to the partial and the particular. Yet, the term "identity" directs our attention to what is particular about an individual and group. Identity is usually described by drawing clear differences and boundaries between oneself and others or between one group and other groups. Of course, the sharper the differences, the stronger is the consciousness of one's or the group's identity over and against the others. Where the issue of Catholic identity is concerned, the two words "universal" and "particular" can find themselves in tension. Therefore, attention must be given to what one means when the adjective "catholic" modifies college or university. Put simply, is the


In Ayurveda, Giloy is considered one of the best medicines to treat various fevers and other conditions. Giloy is one of the three Amrit plants. Amrit means the 'root of immortality'. Hence, it is also called Amritavalli or Amrita in Sanskrit. Giloy is scientifically known as Tinospora cordifolia or Guduchi in Hindi. The stem of Giloy is considered highly effective because of its high nutritional content and the alkaloids found in it but the root and leaves also can be used. This herb activates the immune system of our body and increase vitality in a person. Inclusion of Giloy juice or kadha in diet twice a day can improve immunity. It is full of antioxidants and helps to release toxins from the body. Giloy juice also detoxifies skin and improves skin nourishment. Giloy is also used for liver diseases, urinary tract infections, and heart-related issues. Thus, Giloy can improve immunity and many other metabolisms in our body. However, more in depth researches are arrested to throw some light in immune enhancing activity of this herb.


We have observed EXO0748-67 for approximately 300 ksec with the High Energy Transmission Grating Spectrometer on Chandra. A total of 35 Type I X-ray bursts occurred during our observation, and from these we obtained a composite burst spectrum with high sensitivity in the Fe K band. Along with the spectrum of GS1826-238, this is the highest sensitivity short-wavelength photospheric spectrum of a neutron star ever obtained. The total summed spectrum does not appear to exhibit a clear, narrow Fe Ly alpha absorption line; a provisional upper limit on the equivalent width of an unresolved feature is approximately 5 mA (11 eV). We present the spectroscopy and briefly discuss the physical implications of our analysis in the context of attempts to measure the fundamental properties of neutron stars by photospheric spectroscopic techniques. Analysis of the broad-band characteristics of the short-wavelength spectrum suggests that the majority of the bursts shows significant photospheric radius expansion. We will present the results of a spectroscopic analysis performed on subsets of the data selected by the apparent state of the photosphere, to allow for the fact that any narrow Fe absorption spectrum strongly depends on the physical parameters of the atmosphere.


A wideband circular patch antenna for WBAN is presented in this paper. It is miniaturized and loaded with three parallel slits to obtain the desired performance. The antenna has a compact size of 0.37λ×0.37λ. It was tested in the vicinity of human body and measured impedance bandwidth are observed to be 2.75GHz-6.25GHz and 8.6GHz–9.9GHz Bands. Measurements in the vicinity of arm and shoulder agrees with each other while measurement in the chest varies slightly to account for the variation of tissues around the area. The antenna can be used for ISM/ WLAN/WiMAX and X-band.


As switched reluctance motor is difficult to be controlled due to its nonlinear,a hybrid control scheme is proposed.The control scheme was implemented by using siding mode variable structure control with integral action and neural network compensation control.Its variable structure controller with a integral sliding mode switching surface can achive good performances of reducing vibration and static errors in switched reluctance motor driving system.Moreover,neural network compensation control was introduced to reduce jitter of sliding-mode surface.The mathematic models of sliding-mode variable structure control were built,and the control rate express for reducing jitter of sliding-mode surface based on neural network compensation control was given.The dynamic performances of switched reluctance motor were improved by the proposed hybrid control scheme.For verifying feasibility of the proposed control scheme,simulation and experimen tests were achieved.Both simulation rusults and experimental results verify the feasibility of the proposed control scheme,better dynamic and static performances of the driving system without accurate mathematical model,and smaller torque ripple of the switched reluctance motor.


Process for preparing compounds of general formula: wherein R1 and R2, identical or different, represent a hydrogen atom, a linear or, branched cyclic, having a number of carbon atoms ranging from 1 to 10, an aryl radical, an aralkyl radical having a number of carbon atoms ranging from 1 to 10, or R1 and R2 are joined together so as to form a cyclic ring including the carbon atom carrying said R1 and R2, said cyclic ring number of carbon atoms, including the carbon carrying the R1 and R2 radicals, ranging from 3 to 8; R3 represents a hydrocarbyl, linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated radical, which may comprise at least one cyclic ring, said radical are a number of carbon atoms ranging from 1 to 30; R4 and R5, identical or different, represent an alkyl, linear or branched radical, having a number of carbon atoms ranging from 1 to 20, a cycloalkyl, aryl, alkoxy, aryloxy, aralkyloxy, perfluoroalkyl, aralkyl, dialkyl- or diaryl amino, alkyl aryl amino, thioalkyl, or R4 and R5 are joined together so as to form a cyclic ring including the phosphorus atom, said heterocycle number of carbon atoms ranging from 2 4 and may further contain one or more oxygen, sulfur or nitrogen; said process consisting in oxidizing an aminophosphonate of formula obtained by reacting a carbonyl compound R1R2C (O), of a primary amine R3NH2 and a phosphorus compound HP (O) R4R5, where R1, R2, R3, R4 and R5 the meanings they have given above.


As a rule visceral smooth muscle contains relatively abundant nervous elements. In the stomach, nerve cells lie between the circular and longitudinal muscle layers and in the submucosa. Besides these intrinsic nerve cells stomach has extrinsic nerve fibers too, and both constitute the intricate networks which are called myenteric plexus (Auerbach's plexus) and submucous plexus (Meissner's plexus) respectively. Since the experimental investigations made by Magnus (1) (2) on the interrelation between the intrinsic nerve plexus and the automaticity of digestive tract, the functional role of this plexus of digestive tract became one of the interesting problems in the physiology. Pharmacological, histological and surgical studies hitherto were made by many workers (3-11), however failed to demonstrate clearly the activity of intrinsic plexus. The author attempts to make clear the functional property of the intrinsic nerve cells by studying their spontaneous electrical discharges using a microelectrode and high grade amplifier.


We experimentally and theoretically study self-phase modulation by Kerr effect in a liquid filled hollow core photonic crystal fiber. We perform a complete characterization of the linear optical properties of the hollow core photonic bandgap fiber filled with deuterated acetone to determine all the characteristics of the propagation mode. The nonlinear coefficient of the fiber is determined by fitting the output spectra broadened by self-phase modulation with a new analytical expression giving the spectra of a hyperbolic secant pulse transmitted through a Kerr medium. The experiment allows a precise determination of the nonlinear index change nI2 of acetone-d6 equal to (1.15±0.17)×10−19 m2 W−1.


Richard Shusterman's idea in his latest book, Performing Live to make available a set of essays that sum up and tie together some of his central concerns during the last decade is excellent and welcome.1 Readers of the book get a complex blend of essays from one of the most interesting and interdisciplinary philosophers writing in the United States and abroad today. The last three essays of the book appear here for the first time. But even though the rest of these essays were previously published, they are here revised in the light of the context of the book and of Shusterman's persistent concern with some pressing topics in philosophy and cultural criticism. Thus the book attempts, in pragmatist fashion, to make the philosophical move of renewing and reworking ideas to keep them vibrant and fresh. And the essays, ranging from cultural analyses of rap and country music to the aesthetics and care of the body, are as much a response to the recent, recurrent, and bleak announcement of the end of the arts as pragmatism (Shusterman's thinking mode of choice) was a reaction to a similarly perceived historical moment. In Science and Religion in the Era of William James, Paul Jerome Croce discusses pragmatism as a reaction to what a group of thinkers identified as a paralyzing state of affairs in late nineteenth-century thought.2 No longer sure about the religious or scientific convictions that had sustained the life of Americans in the earlier part of the century, those same Americans now, in the 1880s or so, felt their assumptions gradually waning. Even though, as Croce puts it, "many popular believers retained confidence in the certainty of science or the absolute truth of religious beliefs, serious professionals and intellectual inquiry in those fields had almost totally abandoned certainty."3 Croce concludes with the anguished remark that "during the nineteenth century epistemic certainty largely disappeared from the intellectual and cultural landscape of America."4 Vexed about the fruitlessness of such a


Depth electrical resistivity tomography (electrical resistivity imaging) is an effective technique to investigate saltwater intrusion of the groundwater aquifer. The article presents the results of mapping salt-and freshwater interface of the Dat Do district based on the interpretation of the electrical resistivity imaging. The study results have showed that the saltwater interface is not the same as that obtained from that previous study carried out by the Department of Natural Resources and Environment in 2009. The saline boundary shifts by 800, 600, and 550 m in the direction of fresh water for Holocene aquifer (qh), Mesozoic aquifer (ms), Upper-Middle Pleistocene aquifer (qp 2-3 ), Pliocene aquifer (n 22 ), respectively. In particular, the Bung field area is considered a place frequently affected by saline intrusion, which has seriously affected socio-economic activities.


Microdischarge devices (MDs) share many properties with their macroscopic counterparts while having unique features resulting from their ability to sustain large current densities and power depositions on a continuous basis at pressures approaching atmospheric. The dynamics of cylindrical, metal–dielectric–metal sandwich MDs sustained in Ar having characteristic sizes of a few hundred micrometres have been computationally investigated using a plasma-transport model which includes gas dynamics. We found that these devices closely resemble negative glow discharges, as they are sustained by, and particularly sensitive to, ionization resulting from secondary electron emission from the cathode. Since these MDs operate on a cw basis with large current densities and power deposition, gas heating and flow dynamics are important considerations in optimizing their electrical and kinetic properties. For example, the formation of excimer species is particularly sensitive to gas heating and rarefaction due to their dependence on three-body formation processes. Scalings of MDs with pressure, current and secondary emission coefficient are discussed.


Background. Identification of predictive molecular markers of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) will enable the evaluation of the efficacy of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) and define optimum approaches for the prognosis of the disease course in TNBC patients. The aim of the study was to examine the correlation between the expression of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), its gene's polymorphic variants and the neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) efficacy in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) patients. Materials and methods. The study included 70 patients with triple-negative breast cancer, who had received 2-4 cycles of FAC and CAX regimens. The efficacy of the neoadjuvant chemotherapy was assessed according to the RECIST scale. The EGFR expression level in tumors before and after the NACT was evaluated with the help of immunohistochemistry. Genotypes for EGFR (rs2227983 and rs1468727) were detected by a real-time PCR. Results. It was found that NCT significantly decreases the EGFR expression level in the tumor ( p = 0.000). The research associates the objective clinical response as well as the pathological complete response with the low EGFR expression level ( p = 0.007 and p = 0.000 respectively). Patients carrying the EGFR CC mutant genotype of rs1468727 did not achieve a pathological complete response ( p = 0.042). In addition, patients with EGFRCC mutant genotype are more likely to have tumors with a high EGFR expression compared to EGFRTT wild-type genotype patients ( p = 0.047). Conclusion . The EGFR expression level in tumor tissue and the polymorphic variants of its gene in the rs1468727 locus can be considered as potential molecular markers with predictive significance in relation to the NACT efficacy in triple-negative breast cancer patients.


Aims: The purpose of this study is to determine muscle fibre length around the knee before and after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) transection, and to test its ability to detect instability changes. Material and methods: Pairs of piezoelectric crystals were inserted in four periarticular muscles (vastus lateralis -VL-, vastus medialis -VM-, lateral hamstrings -LH-, medial hamstrings -MH-) around 11 knees from 8 cats. Distance between pairs was measured while performing 10 passive repetitions of anterior tibial displacement at 90 degrees and 30 degrees flexed knee, flexion and extension, and controlled by sagittal plane video recordings. Ultrasound signal between crystals in each pair was analysed to obtain intensity and time-dependent parameters. Data from control and unstable knees were statistically compared. Results: Fibre lengthening was observed in the four studied muscles under anterior tibial traction. Significant increases in fibre length at VL, VM (p Discussion: Ultrasonomicrometry offers a new approach to comprehend anterior instability of the knee when studying periarticular muscle fibre length. Variations in the response are specific for the anterior tibial displacement in unstable knees. This technique can be used in combination with electromyography for a better understanding of muscle behaviour in ACL deficient knees.


Globally agriculture processing operation uses Cyclones as the most common type of emissions control device. Their efficiency, reliability, low‐cost, and very little maintenance is what makes them use the most. Depending upon the correct and effective use, cyclones separate particulate matter from air streams, making sure that Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) of the province and centre stays satisfied according to the rules of air pollution regulations.


Through diet, humans are exposed to complex mixtures of substances that may lead to pathological states. Some dietary harmful compounds are naturally formed during cooking. Heterocyclic aromatic amines (HAAs) are a group of carcinogenic compounds that may occur in meat and fish, cooked at high temperatures. These compounds are in general divided in two groups according to the precursors and temperature: thermic amines are formed at moderate temperatures (over 190oC) through complex reactions between creatin(in)e, amino acids and sugars. Some examples, include IQ, MeIQ, MeIQx, 4,8-DiMeIQx, 7,8-DiMeIQx and PhIP. Pyrolytic amines are formed at high temperatures (usually above 300oC) from pyrolysates of proteins and include compounds such as Trp-P-1, Trp-P-2, Glu-P-1, Glu-P-2, A C and MeA C.


We developed a method for the recovery of intrinsic fluorescence from single‐point measurements in highly scattering and absorbing samples without a priori knowledge of the sample optical properties. The goal of the study was to demonstrate accurate recovery of fluorophore concentration in samples with widely varying background optical properties, while simultaneously recovering the optical properties.


Density functional theory (DFT) is a major theoretical tool for the study of defects in semiconductors. However, the results suffer from the often too-small DFT band gap. The calculation of defect formation energy (ΔH) using more sophisticated DFT+GW and hybrid functional methods, however, suggest qualitatively different conclusions about the nature of the DFT error. Here we show that these discrepancies originate from large differences in the representation of the Fermi energy of bulk for the different methods and that they can be largely brought into agreement by correcting the DFT ionization energy.


Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to model the particle capture of elliptic magnetic matrices for parallel stream type high magnetic separation, which can be a guidance for the development of novel elliptic cylinder matrices for high-gradient magnetic separation (HGMS). Design/methodology/approach – The magnetic field distribution around the elliptic matrices is investigated quantitatively and the magnetic field and gradient were calculated. The motion equations of the magnetic particles around the matrices were derived and the particle capture cross-section of elliptic matrices was studied and was compared with that of the conventional circular matrices. Findings – Elliptic matrices can present larger particle capture cross-section than the conventional circular matrices and can be a kind of promising matrices to be applied to HGMS. Originality/value – There is little literature investigating the magnetic characteristics and the particle capture of the elliptic matrices in HGMS, the study is of grea...


By 1911 it was clear that multiethnic Austrian Social Democracy could no longer resist the currents of ethnic nationalism that had already fragmented most of the late Habsburg political scene. The exit that year of most Czech Social Democrats to form their own party, along with Austrian Germans' insensitive reactions, signaled that workers were not immune to nationalism. The relevant historical literature has either viewed workers' nationalism as the product of elite manipulation and "bourgeois" influence, or, more recently, has questioned the extent to which nationalism actually resonated with ordinary people at society's grassroots. Jakub Benes'š article attempts to avoid the oversimplifications of both approaches and calls for more precise engagement with workers' own discourse. To this end, it highlights an important dimension of working-class political culture—socialist popular literature—in which proletarian authors articulated increasingly ethnic nationalist positions of a class-specific sort. Examining this influential but neglected genre illuminates how and under what circumstances workers found meaning in nationalism.


Some embodiments include methods and apparatus, having: an input terminal, said input terminal for receiving an input signal; additional input terminal, said additional input for receiving a clock signal having different phases in order to sample the input signal; and a decision feedback equalizer (DFE), having a DFE sheet. The DFE sheet comprising: a plurality of data comparators, based on the sampling of the input signal to provide data information; and a plurality of phase error comparator, for providing associated with the sampling of the input signal the phase error information. The number of phase error number comparator DFE sheet not greater than the DFE sheet data comparator.


Rheological measurements are often performed using a rotational rheometer. In this type of rheometer, the tested fluid is sheared between two surfaces, one of which is rotating [1]. Usually, an angular velocity is imposed on the fluid (through the rotating surface) and this angular velocity determines the shear rate the fluid is subjected to. The response of the material is monitored by the measurement of the resultant torque on the shaft of the rheometer; this torque can then be converted to shear stress. In order to calibrate a rheometer, a standard oil of known viscosity should be tested in the rheometer to verify that the instrument is operating correctly. However, these standard oils are expensive; which makes it impractical for use in calibrating with the rheometer with a large capacity as needed for concrete. Additional, these standard oils that are not suspensions (i.e. they do not have solid particles suspended in the media), and thus using them may not capture some issues that may occur in a suspension rheology. Therefore, a relatively inexpensive, reference material is needed that incorporates aggregates for concrete rheometers. As concrete and mortar are non-Newtonian, the reference material should also be non-Newtonian. This report follows the development and serves as re-certification of a Standard Reference Material (SRM) for cement paste [2]. A multiscale approach will be utilized to develop SRMs for mortar and concrete in the future. The SRM 2492 will be the matrix fluid for a mortar SRM that will in turn become the matrix fluid for a concrete SRM. The report SP 260-174 Rev.2012 [2] describes how this SRM 2492, a "Bingham Paste Mixture for Rheological Measurements" was developed and provides all the details on the various ingredients. After an inter-laboratory study under the sponsorship of the American Concrete Institute (ACI) committee 238, Workability of Fresh Concrete, it was found that the instructions provided to prepare the SRM were inadequate to obtain reproducible data in all laboratories. Thus after establishing a better preparation method, new instructions were drafted and it was found that the certified values were no longer valid. Thus, it was necessary to redo a series of testing to obtain a new certified value. This report provides all measurements obtained, the calculation of the new rheological characteristics and the statistical analyses. This is report is the third edition of the report and is based on new data using a different method for preparing the mixture (see section 3.3) that was developed with feedback from customers. Thus, sections and appendices were added or modified. The certificate is available only online. This report complements the previous report SP-260-174 Rev.2012


This special issue of LLC: the Journal of Digital Scholarship in the Humanities presents selected long and short papers from Digital Humanities 2013 (DH2013), the international conference of the Alliance of Digital Humanities Organizations (ADHO), which was held in July 2013 in Lincoln, Nebraska.


P. Factors influencingthe variation in size and productiveness of apple trees. Master's Thesis University of Wisconsin 1925), in which he shows that the seedlings grown from large seeds of the Wealthy variety averaged somewhat larger than those from small seeds. We are indebted to our colleague, Dr. J. Bialoglowski, for the statistical treatment of the data. Proceedings of the AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE 1937 35:372-374


PurposeThis paper aims to interpret the multidimensional Asian American identity of immigrant Indians in terms of pan-ethnicity, gender and religion.Design/methodology/approachThe social construction and experience of race in the US and the intersection of multiethnic Asian American identity with race, gender and religion will be used in critically commenting on the interview of primary ethnic identity of Indian Americans including the pan-ethnic identity of Indians in the US as Asian Americans, the Mar Thoma Church community, the second-generation Patel family's union formation in terms of gender identity.FindingsThe future directives include Asian American Movement (AAM) which is trying to incorporate Indians as pan-ethnic identity assimilation and the process of holding American identity as primary identification of Indians.Practical implicationsPolicy recommendations are that the US Census Bureau should include Indian Americans as separate ethnic identity for Indian immigrants like the Chinese Americans. USCIS (US Citizenship and Immigration Services) should reform policies to include the wives of H-4 visa holders. The Department of Homeland Security (DHS) should provide secure living environment for Indian immigrants. The US Department of Labor should provide equal opportunities for women in their immigration policies.Originality/valueThis paper will critically analyze the interview results of primary ethnic identity and justify the hypotheses of Asian American identity of Indians, whether (1) they merge with the American identity as part of cultural assimilation or (2) retain their Asian identity beyond Americanized identity or (3) go beyond both American and Asian identity to restate their Indian ethnicity.


The contemporary public law jurisprudence of the High Court has transformed the basis of judicial review of executive action, removed traditional restraints on the scope of executive power, reinforced the separation of powers, and transformed the federal compact by identifying new constitutional limits on State institutions. The High Court has, over the last two decades, emphasised the constitutional dimension of a number of terms found in the Constitution by characterising them as "constitutional expressions�?. These expressions have been imbued with substantive force by identifying a bundle of essential characteristics of each such expression, being characteristics that Parliament cannot alter. The impact of this new approach on executive power has been the emergence of a constitutional foundation for Commonwealth and State administrative law, a renewed focus on the constitutional foundation of executive authority, and the extension of the separation of powers doctrine to State institutions. This development is of profound significance for the entire range of interaction between the judiciary and executive government.


I beliieve in this case that the acute infection arose, not from what he might have contracted from the contents of the drain, but possibly from the bacteria in the skin becoming pathogenic when the soil was rendered favourable. The skin was soaked in water for hours, and later was washed excessively with hot water and soap, no doubt removing gross dirt and superficial layers of the skin, hence the feeliing of shampoo effect. Had it been left at that all would have beenl well, but the application of tincture of iodine to this tender surface caused an acute irritation, calling the cutaneous staphylococci and streptococci from their dormant state into pathological activity. I was given to understand years ago that iodine solution applied to washed surfaces was futile, and th'at its virtue depended on its being applied to unwashed skin lesionis. In this case the effect of the starch poultice was to remove or absorb the iodine from the skin, judging by the starch turning purple; this probably arrested its pungent effect. I did not inflict vaccine therapy on the patient, and fortunately the condition improved before an autogenious vaccine could have been prepared, otherwise the credit would have gone to this doubtful remedy. It should be remembered that alcoholic iodine solutions are in their nature irritants; their application to areas already denuded of surface protection, by cleansing the skin, as a preliminary, for example, to surgical incisions, and especially in very tender skins, is open to a risk which is real though remote. 0. THOMIAS JONES, L.R.C.P., L.R.C.S.Ed., ColIwyn Bay. L.R.F.P.S.Glas.


This article presents an original and innovative way for primary teacher training concerning teaching the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) using concept maps. Four types of concept maps were designed and built so that the interconnections between the 17 SDGs could be captured and the complexity of their interdependencies could be highlighted. This educational tool was used in 14 workshops with interesting results, which took place in Piraeus (Greece), and was addressed to primary teachers. Concept maps have proven to be a powerful tool for highlighting correlations between the 17 SDGs, as each group of teachers who used them linked the SDGs in a unique manner and simultaneously justified this interconnection. In addition, the use of concept maps was an opportunity for teachers to experience group work and its quality characteristics, such as participation, exchange of opinions, argumentation and different perspectives.


The distributed radar system is a solution to detect small targets in the space. But how to effectively accumulate the received signals from different radar stations is a challenging work. The signals influenced by different time-delay, Doppler frequency and reflection coefficient will have different phases before accumulation. In this thesis, we study the phase compensation methods to eliminate the effects caused by these factors. Keywords-distributed radar system; phase compensation; timedelay; Doppler frequency; reflection coefficient


A simple and efficient transesterification process for the synthesis of β-ketoester derivatives is achieved by the reaction of methyl β-ketoester with higher alcohols under catalyst-free conditions.


The article contains the descriptions of three new species: Azygophleps adamsonae Yakovlev et László, sp.n. (type locality: Cameroon, North Region, Wack (La Falaise), Azygophleps attenboroughi Yakovlev, Müller et Kravchenko, sp.n. (type locality: Southern Mali, 80 km SW Bamako, near Kineiroba, river Niger), and Azygophleps pinheyi Yakovlev et László, sp.n. (type locality: Muquitixe, Angola). The descriptions are provided with detailed diagnoses and illustrations. РЕЗЮМЕ. В статье описано три новых вида Azygophleps adamsonae Yakovlev et László, sp.n. (типовая местность: Cameroon, North Region, Wack (La Falaise)), Azygophleps attenboroughi Yakovlev, Müller et Kravchenko, sp.n. (типовая местность: Southern Mali, 80 km SW Bamako, near Kineiroba, river Niger), и Azygophleps pinheyi Yakovlev et László, sp.n. (типовая местность: Muquitixe, Angola). Описания сопровождаются подробным диагнозом и проиллюстрированы. Introduction Carpenter-Moths (Cossidae) are a relatively large family of ditrise Lepidoptera, including over thousand taxa [Nieukerken et al., 2011]. Cossidae of Africa are still insufficiently studied. The most well studied subfamily is Zeuzerinae, where several genera have recently been revised: Acosma Yakovlev, 2011 (type species, by monotypy — Acosma gurkoi Yakovlev, 2011), Tarsozeuzera Schoorl, 1990 (type species, by original designation — Zeuzera kochi Semper, 1896–1902), Paralophonotus Schoorl, 1990 (type species, by monotypy — Zeuzera auroguttata Herrich-Schäffer, 1854), Pseudozeuzera Schoorl, 1990 (type species, by monotypy — Duomitus biatra Hampson, 1910), Alophonotus Schoorl, 1990 (type species, by monotypy — Chalcidica (Duomitus) rauana Strand, 1909), and Eburgemellus Schoorl, 1990 (type species, by monotypy — Xyleutes geminatus Gaede, 1930) [Schoorl, 1990; Yakovlev, Witt, 2017a, 2018a–c; Yakovlev et al., 2018; Yakovlev, 2019]. Detailed distributional data of the taxa of the 290 R.V. Yakovlev, Gy. M. László, G.C. Müller, V.D. Kravchenko subfamily are provided for only a few countries: South Africa, Namibia, Botswana [Mey, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2019]; Swaziland [Yakovlev, Witt, 2016a], Zambia [Yakovlev, 2014], Zimbabwe [Yakovlev, Lenz, 2013], Malawi [Yakovlev, Murphy, 2013] and Angola [Yakovlev et al., 2019]. One of the largest and poorly known African Zeuzerinae genera is Azygophleps Hampson, 1892 (type species, by monotypy — Hepialis scalaris Fabricius, 1775). According to the Catalog of Cossidae in the Old World [Yakovlev, 2011] the genus includes 29 valid species. Later, several new species were described from eastern and southern Africa, and several new synonyms and new combinations were established [Yakovlev, Witt, 2016b, 2017b; Mey, 2016, 2017, 2019; Yakovlev, 2019]. The species of the genus are widely distributed in the Paleotropics and in the southern Palaearctic (Turkey, Iran, Afghanistan, Pakistan, South China) [Daniel, 1963, 1964; Arora, 1976; Hua et al., 1990; Yakovlev, 2011; Yakovlev, Dubatolov, 2013; Yakovlev et al., 2015]. In 2011, A. legraini Yakovlev et Saldaitis, 2011 (Figs 1–4, 9, 13) was described from a single specimen, from Cameroon (type locality: Adamaoua, nr. Ngaoundéré, Ngaoundaba). The species is characterized by its very small size and lemon-yellow color of the wings. Later, several specimens of this rare species have been found in the collections of the Royal Museum of Central Africa and the African Natural History Research Trust from Cameroon and Congo. Further three, similar species have also been found from Mali, Angola and Cameroon, all clearly differing from A. legraini externally as well as in the male genitalia structures. The descriptions of these three new species are given below. Material and methods Adults of Cossidae were collected using light traps. Male genitalia were dissected and mounted in euparal on microscope slides following the standard methods [Lafontaine, Mikkola, 1987; Lafontaine, 2004]. The adults were photographed using a Nikon D90 SLR camera equipped with Nikkor AF Micro 60 mm lens and iPhone7. The genitalia preparations were photographed using a Canon Figs 1–8. Azygophleps legraini species group: 1 — A. legraini, holotype, male (RMCA); 2 — A. legraini, male, Cameroon, North Region, Wack (La Falaise), 900m, 07°40 ́16.5 ́ ́N, 13°33 ́18.4 ́ ́E, 2–21.x.2018, General coll. Safian, Sz., Simonics, G. leg. ANHRT 2018.36 (ANHRT); 3 — A. legraini, male, [Congo], Lulua, Kapanga, 8.1933, F.G. Overlaet (RMCA); 4 — A. legraini, female, [Congo], Lubumbashi, 12.06.1934 (RMCA); 5 — A. adamsonae Yakovlev et László, sp.n., holotype, male (ANHRT); 6 — A. attenboroughi Yakovlev, Müller et Kravchenko, sp.n., holotype, male (MWM); 7 — A. attenboroughi Yakovlev, Müller et Kravchenko, sp.n., paratype, male (MWM); 8 — Azygophleps pinheyi Yakovlev et László, sp.n., holotype, male (NHMZ). Рис. 1–8. Группа видов Azygophleps legraini: 1 — A. legraini, голотип, самец (RMCA); 2 — A. legraini, самец, Cameroon, North Region, Wack (La Falaise), 900m, 07°40 ́16.5 ́́ N, 13°33 ́18.4 ́́ E, 2–21.x.2018, General coll. Safian, Sz., Simonics, G. leg. ANHRT 2018.36 (ANHRT); 3 — A. legraini, самец, [Congo], Lulua, Kapanga, 8.1933, F.G. Overlaet (RMCA); 4 — A. legraini, самка, [Congo], Lubumbashi, 12.06.1934 (RMCA); 5 — A. adamsonae Yakovlev et Lászlу, sp.n., голотип, самец (ANHRT); 6 — A. attenboroughi Yakovlev, Müller et Kravchenko, sp.n., голотип, самец (MWM); 7 — A. attenboroughi Yakovlev, Müller et Kravchenko, sp.n., паратип, самец (MWM); 8 — Azygophleps pinheyi Yakovlev et László, sp.n., голотип, самец (NHMZ). 1 2 3


Abstract Objective: A randomised controlled trial found no evidence of an impact of a blog written by a registered dietitian (RD) on vegetables and fruit and milk and alternatives (e.g. soya-based beverages, yogurt and cheese) consumption – two food groups included in the 2007 version of the Canadian Food Guide – in mothers and their children compared with a control condition. To investigate these null findings, the current study explored participants' perceptions of engagement with the blog and its influence on their dietary behaviours. Design: Mixed methods process evaluation using a post-intervention satisfaction questionnaire and a content analysis of mothers' comments on the blog (n 213 comments). Setting: French-speaking adult mothers living in Quebec City, Quebec, Canada (n 26; response rate = 61·9 % of the total sample randomised to exposure to the blog). Results: Most mothers (n 20/26; 76·9 %) perceived the blog useful to improve their dietary habits – with the most appreciated blog features being nutritional information and healthy recipes and interactions with fellow participants and the RD. Mothers reported several facilitators (e.g. meal planning and involving children in household food activities) and few barriers (e.g. lack of time and children's food preferences) to maternal and child consumption of vegetables and fruit and milk and alternatives. Lack of time was the principal reported barrier affecting blog engagement. Conclusions: The findings from the current study suggest that blogs written by an RD may be an acceptable format of intervention delivery among mothers, but may not alleviate all the barriers to healthy eating and engagement in a dietary intervention.


Abstract Eucalyptus wood samples were treated with 3% aqueous sulphuric acid to obtain xylose‐containing solutions. The liquors from treatments were neutralized, contacted with charcoal and supplemented with nutrients to obtain culture media suitable for proliferating the carotenoid‐producing yeast, Phaffia rhodozyma NRRL Y‐17268. Two fed‐batch strategies (with continuous or intermittent feeding) were assayed as operational procedures for improving the carotenoid production. Biomass concentration of 10.3 g cells/L and volumetric pigment concentration of 8.15 mg total carotenoids/L (with 7.19 mg astaxanthin/L) were reached with continuous feeding, whereas improved results (30.6 g cells/L and 33.5 mg total carotenoids/L with 30.5 mg astaxanthin/L) were obtained with intermittent feeding.


The utility model relates to the field of cold rolling, in particular to a cleaning section wiping assisting device. A cold rolling and cleaning section air curtain sweeping device consists of a fixed holding framework, a driving mechanism and a sweeping mechanism, wherein two tracks are symmetrically arranged on the two side edges of the fixed holding framework; the driving mechanism comprises bottom plates, a motor, a worm gear pair, a screw rod and a cylinder; a sliding chute is formed on the bottom surface of each bottom plate, and is matched with the tracks; a pair of bottom plates is symmetrically erected at the two ends of the two tracks; the screw rod is arranged on the upper surfaces of the bottom plates through bearing seats at the two ends; the motor is arranged on the bottom plates, and is used for driving the screw rod through the worm gear pair; the cylinder is arranged on fixed holding framework, and is used for driving the bottom plates; and the sweeping mechanism is arranged on the bottom plates, and is connected with the screw rod through the worm gear pair. According to the cold rolling and cleaning section air curtain sweeping device, automatic tracking and adjustment can be performed according to different widths of band steel, and high-temperature radiation of a hot air drier on the upper part is isolated; and the cold rolling and cleaning section air curtain sweeping device has the effect of prolonging the service life of a wiping roller.


Factor VIII circulates as a metal ion dependent, heterodimeric procofactor comprised of a heavy chain (A1 A2 B domains) and light chain (A3 C1 C2 domains). Copper ion(s) facilitate dimer formation and contribute to its thermodynamic stability, whereas calcium ions are essential for maintaining the active conformation. Factor VIII is proteolytically activated by thrombin or factor Xa converting the procofactor to the active cofactor, factor VIIIa, a trimer of A1, A2 and A3 C1 C2 subunits. This activation is promoted by interactions of proteinase exosites that bind the factor VIII substrate at sites removed from the scissile bonds. Factor VIII assembles onto an anionic phospholipid surface in complex with factor IXa to form the intrinsic factor Xase; which efficiently converts factor X to factor Xa during the propagation phase of coagulation. The role of factor VIIIa is to markedly increase the catalytic efficiency of factor IXa in the activation of factor X. This effect is manifested as a dramatic increase in the catalytic rate constant, kcat, by mechanisms that remain poorly understood. Factor VIIIa factor IXa interactions occur over an extended surface. The majority of the binding energy is contributed by interacting residues contained within the A3 C1 C2 subunit of factor VIIIa and the light chain of factor IXa. However, modulation of the active site region of the enzyme is achieved following interaction with the A2 subunit, as judged by the capacity of isolated A2 subunit to enhance the kcat by 100 fold. Multiple regions in A2 appear to participate in catalytic rate enhancement. While some residues appear to function in the docking of A2 with the proteinase domain, other segments of this subunit may facilitate inter protein tethering and/or steer substrate factor X for efficient interaction with the active site of the proteinase.


Hybrid Intelligent Systems are systems that combine several intelligent technologies in order to create new systems that have strength from several systems and cover the weakness from others. Combination Neural Network and Expert System result a Neural Expert System. By combining Neural Network and Expert System, they created a new system that has ability to learn and can give explanation to user about conclusion that have been made. There are several approaches that integrate neural networks and symbolic rules. In this paper, we try to create an approach that can classify well and it has priority of the most necessary information so that it is capable in dealing with incomplete data.


ABSTRACT Facebook is one of the world's leading social networking sites. It is pervasive in students' lives and can impact their academic careers in a variety of ways. However, little research exists evaluating the use of Facebook in minority academic settings. An early step in this direction is to gain an understanding of how different student demographic groups use Facebook. An interest in further assessment of Facebook's role in diverse segments of academia motivates the collection and analysis of Facebook-related data from minority serving institutions such as Historically Black Colleges or Universities (HBCUs) and Hispanic Serving Institutions (HSIs). This study presents the results of a comparative examination of African American students at an HBCU and Hispanic students at an HSI regarding their perceptions of Facebook use for academics. The findings reveal significant differences between the two groups. When compared to African American students, the Hispanic students use Facebook more for academics even though they perceive it to have a negative impact on academics. This perceived negative impact of Facebook is not directly translated into actual differences in self-reported GPA. Keywords: Facebook, social networks, education, educational technology, questionnaire INTRODUCTION Social networking sites as defined by Boyd and Ellison (2008) are web based services that allow individuals to (1) construct a public or semi-public profile within a bounded system, (2) articulate a list of other users with whom they share a connection, and (3) view and traverse their list of connections and those made by others within the system. Social networking continues to increase in popularity, with about two-thirds of all internet users belonging to at least one social networking site (Duggan & Brenner, 2013). Users of social networking sites have exhibited great ingenuity and adaptability in their applications of social media. The networking sites have been used to manage relationships (find people, keep in touch with friends, and form new friendships); organize, communicate and share information (posts, pictures, other resources); engage in self-presentation; or simply for entertainment, playing games and having fun. Businesses use social media to connect and communicate with customers, both current and potential. Social media is also being used extensively in political campaigns. Since its founding in 2004, Facebook has grown to become one of world's leading social networking sites, exceeding 1 billion active monthly users by 2012 (Facebook, 2015). Recent estimates indicate that Facebook now has more than 1.3 billion active monthly users, with about 48% logging in on any given day. An average user spends about 18 minutes per Facebook visit, has 130 friends, and is connected to 80 pages, groups, and events (Statistic Brain, 2015). Recent academic research supports some of these statistics. For example, Akyildiz and Argan (2011) found that users log into their site several times a day, have 101-300 friends, and spent 15-30 minutes daily on Facebook-related activities. Other studies have found an average use time of at least 30 minutes per session (Mazman & Usluel, 2010; Pempek, Yermolayeva & Calvert, 2009), while Muise, Christofides, & Desmarais, 2009) found that respondents spent approximately 40 minutes on Facebook with females tending to spend a longer time than males. A dominant theme in prior studies has been to examine the Facebook and social networking experience and use for college students (Ellison, Steinfield & Lampe 2007; Pempek et. al., 2009; Akyildiz & Argan, 2011; Case & King, 2012; Paul, Baker & Cochran, 2012). Such use of Facebook has also provided a rich setting for studies in a variety of use and user topics such as identity construction (Boyd & Heer, 2006), the effect of social media on student engagement and academic performance (Junco, 2012), privacy (Lewis, Kaufman & Christakis, 2008; Mathiyalakan, Heilman & White, 2013; Pinchot & Paullet, 2012; Whitcomb & Fiedler, 2010), interaction with elected officials (Stieglitz & Brockmann, 2013), and a variety of demographic comparisons including age, gender, ethnicity and academic major (Gabre & Kumar, 2012; Grasmuck, Martin & Zhao, 2009; Hargittai, 2008; Heilman, Mathiyalakan, White, Seshie & Clark, 2014; Junco, 2010; Mathiyalakan, Heilman, White, Wood & Weisenfeld, 2014). …


for themselves are deeply related to their success in life. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the effect of the Islamic lifestyle on the academic success of Russian Muslim students in 2021. In total, 2000 graduate students of Kazan, Russia were studied in this research. According to the results of mean analysis in SPSS, the academic success of the students who followed the Islamic lifestyle was reported to be higher than the mean level (more than 3 out of 5). Furthermore, according to the Structural Equation Modeling in LESREL, the Islamic lifestyle has a positive significant effect on the students' academic success ( p -value: 0.83; t -value: 7.92). Contribution: Amongst the various factors that can influence students' academic success, the current research focused on the Islamic lifestyle. The findings of the present study offered a new insight into the relationship between the Islamic lifestyle and academic success in Russia.


Difficult airway and difficult intravenous access are known complications associated with obesity. A fifty two years female (BMI38.9 kg/m2) presented with polytrauma with fracture mid shaft left humerus, fracture right radius and ulna onx ray. CT Scan showed fracture lateral mass of C1vertebrae, burst fracture T2, spinous process of C7and T1, fracture left clavicle and multiple fractures of first and second rib posteriorly. The ultrasound proved beneficial for cannulating the right infraclavicular subclavianvein. Ultrasound was also used for providing peripheral nerve block for providing anaesthesia for surgery on both upper limbs. The patient was given ultrasound guided axillary brachial plexus block on the right side and interscalene brachial plexus block on left side. The surgery was performed successfully under the blocks and was uneventful.


Income poverty can be measured under an absolute, relative, objective, or subjective approach, each of which comprises a variety of methods. Nowadays, the measurement of "objective" poverty quantified by income is well-established in the European Union. The common approach to income inequality assumes that households with the same income have also the same utility from it. This assumption fails when confronted with the satisfaction of individuals (e.g., Van Praag and Ferrer-i-Carbonell, 2004). Admitting that different households can have different utility from similar income leads to the idea of a subjective poverty approach. Compared to objective measures of poverty, the use of "subjective" poverty and well-being indicators and its analyses seem to be the most neglected approaches under the welfare concept in the European context, both in the official statistics and in academic research. Some studies have started to emerge for several countries (for instance, Germany gained the interest of researchers owing to data availability, e.g., van Praag et al. 2003). However, cross-country comparisons remain scarce. The seminal studies on subjective poverty and its measurement originated in the 1980s. Research on well-being and subjective poverty attracted higher attention of researchers once the European Community Household Panel (ECHP) survey was launched in 1994. However, ECHP covered only Western European countries. European-wide comparisons have been further enabled after launching the European Union Statistics on Income and Living Conditions (EU-SILC) in 2004. No single generally accepted method exists for estimating the overall level of subjective poverty in society and diverse poverty outcomes based on different approaches are usual in the empirical literature for understandable reasons. An important step in the poverty estimation process is the identification of the poverty line. Few methods can be used to estimate the subjective income poverty line. The methods are generally based on comparing the actual income to the subjective perception of a household's situation. Kapteyn et al. (1988) describe two definitions: the Leyden poverty line (LPL), which is based on the so-called income evaluation question (IEQ), and the subjective poverty line (SPL), based on survey responses with a minimum income question


We report a single case of vaginal ectopic ureter with complete ureteric duplication, discovered in adulthood, watched by a permanent urinary incontinence with conservation of urinal function. The diagnosis was selected on the basis of the results of radiological assessment. The treatment consisted of a upper pole nephroureterectomy. pyelo-ureteric duplication with ectopic abouchement of meatus, is a rare malformation, underestimated, with an incidence of 1 / 1900 on a autopsic series. The rare ectopic embouchements localization are not explicable by the traditional embryological concepts because neither the rectum nor the uterus does derive from the urogenital sinus or Wolffian duct. Some embryological works less-known attempted to provide a plausible explanation. This malformation affects mainly women. The age of discovery is relatively high: 50% after the age of 5 years, this is explained by the symptoms often inapparent. The permanent incontinence of urine associated with normal urination at the girl is a major sign of diagnosis. The progress of antenatal diagnosis by ultrasound allows early The intraveineus sonography, providing essential review information confirming morphological and duplication, will be followed by a retrograde cystography aimed at finding the ectopic orifice and detection of a possible reflux. The scintigraphic explorations provide a clear picture of the functional value of the two poles of pyelo-ureteric duplication. Nevertheless, given the risk of error, these explorations are presented as complementary to conventional radiological investigations. The conduct therapeutic is far from unanimous and must be undertaken on a range of arguments. The treatment of ureteric ectopia is mainly surgical. If higher pyelon are conservable anastomosis uretero low-ureteric represents an attractive therapeutic alternative to the anastomoses pyelo-pyelique high or the relocation of the ureters. The upper pole nephrectomy is indicated when higher pyelon are non conservable lomboscopy remains a complex intervention in small children, it must be set aside for the moment to trained teams, and its results seem similar to the lombotomic way in terms of postoperative complications. This paper expose via a clinical observation and a documentary reading, the clinic, morphologic and therapeutic particularities of this pathologic entity.


Sleep problems have been frequently identified in children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). It has been proposed that some sleep problems are due to sensory sensitivity. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between physiologic responses to sensation and sleep in children with and without ASD. Fifty-five children participated in the study (ASD, n = 27; typical, n = 28). All children participated in a sensory challenge laboratory protocol. Electrodermal reactivity and salivary cortisol were used as physiological indicators of sensory responsivity. Behavioral data were collected using the Sensory Profile and the Child Behavior Checklist. Results confirmed that children with ASD have a higher prevalence of atypical sensory behaviors and sleep disturbances than typical children. Behavioral and physiological measures were able to predict good sleepers versus poor sleepers with 85.7% accuracy, suggesting that atypical sensory behaviors are important to consider in relation to sleep deficits in children.


Several experiments were carried out at the Yokosuka Naval Dockyard to investigate the water and oil-tightness of the widely spaced riveted joint. Four model tanks, each capable of testing the pitches up to 13 diameters, were tested by the water pressure and afterwards by the oil pressure.The chief conclusions drawn from this experiment are : (1) The pitch of rivets is better specified by the thickness of caulking edges than by the diameter of rivets.(2) The rivets spacing 13 thickness apart can easily withstand a water pressure of 10 lb./sq. in., and it corresponds to a pitch of 7.5 diameters of 19mm. rivet on 11 mm. caulking edge.(3) Almost entire bulkhead liners or compensations due to the close pitch of rivets may be dispensed with and consequently, a great saving of weight and labour can be attained.


For the origin of the precursor electron in the E-M shock tube , various hypotheses were proposed by many authors. But up to now there is no definite conclusion of its origin nor the informations of its density. Now we report the axial distribution of the precursor electron in a T-shaped shock tube which has been measured by using the automatic measuring apparatus of the microwave reflection coefficient. * Precursor Effect in Electro-Nagnetioally Driven Shock Tube ** Sadao Nakai and Chiyoe Yamanaka Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Osaka University, M iyakojima, Higashinoda, Osaka, Japan.


Comparative application is done of V-shape drafting,top apron cradle,patented bottom cradle,mid-cot,aluminium inserted cot,energy economy tape,spacer with pressure bar and top cradle with pressure bar in spinning practice.Details introduction is done to how to do process configuration and aborative management for upgrading quality of resultant yarn with big draft process.


Carbon monoxide and sulfur oxides are removed from flue gas produced in a catalyst regenerator in an FCC system and sulfur from the flue gas is shifted to form hydrogen sulfide, which is recovered in the gases re moved from the cracking reactor in the system by intro ducing sufficient molecular oxygen into the catalyst regenerator to provide an atmosphere therein having a molecular oxygen concentration of at least 0.1 volume percent, reacting carbon monoxide in the regenerator flue gas with oxygen in contact with a particulate car bon monoxide combustion promoter physically ad mixed with the cracking catalyst, reacting sulfur oxides in the regenerator flue gas with silica-free alumina in cluded as a discrete phase in the FCC catalyst to form a sulfur-containing solid in the catalyst, and forming hy drogen sulfide in the cracking reactor by contacting the sulfur-containing solid with the hydrocarbon feed.


The main parachutes drawn down by a pilot parachute is the generally used method of the jettison of air bomb with bomblets and their interaction process is the basis and key for the bomb projection. A mechanical model loaded by the string of pilot parachute is theoretically established, and under different projection velocities, the design method of the length and strength for the string of the pilot parachute is suggested. The results show that for a certain 500 kg air bomb, if the projection velocity is 222 m/s and the strength of the string is 5000 N, the length of the string 3 m cannot meet the requirement.


Hard real-time systems are usually required to provide an ab solute guarantee that all tasks will execute by their deadlines. In this paper we addre ss fault tolerant hard realtime systems, and introduce the notion of a probabilistic gu arantee. Schedulability analysis is used together with sensitivity analysis to establish the maximum fault frequency that a system can tolerate. The fault model is then used to derive a probability (likelihood) that, during the lifetime of the system, faults will not arri ve faster than this maximum rate. The framework presented is a general one that can accommodat e transient 'software' faults, tolerated by recovery blocks or exception handling; or tran sie t 'hardware' faults dealt with by state restoration and re-execution.


Food labelling management is an important measure to ensure food safety,and food labelling regulations and standards system establishment has been paid widespread attention.Background and main contents of food labelling regulations and standards were introduced here,and the status of food labelling regulations and standards of CAC,EU,USA and Japan were reviewed.Based on analysis of present situation of Chinese food labelling regulations and standards system,some suggestions for strengthening food labelling management in China were proposed.


In this article, a polarimetric synthetic aperture radar (PolSAR) feature is analyzed to discriminate among different mangrove species. This feature, which is related to the Wishart distance, maximizes the contrast among mangrove species optimizing the ratio between quadratic forms. The discrimination performance is assessed both against ground truth and by intercomparing it with conventional model-based decomposition features. Results obtained by processing actual <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$L$</tex-math></inline-formula>- and <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$C$</tex-math></inline-formula>-band full-polarimetric synthetic aperture radar scenes collected by ALOS-PALSAR-2 and RADARSAT-2 missions show that the proposed approach achieves accurate enough discrimination performance to differentiate two out of the four mangrove species. In addition, results suggest using a multifrequency PolSAR approach to maximize discrimination performance.


controversies, so his reading of these Soviet developments adds up to a significant contribution to social theory. Gellner is at his best in identifying the underlying frameworks of analysis and explanation that are implicit in current Soviet social science; he also does an admirable job of relating developments in Soviet ethnography and historical studies with British anthropology. A central theme-perhaps the central theme-is the role of Marxist theory, in particular the theory of historical materialism, within contemporary Soviet social science. Gellner's chief finding is that Marxism continues to define the central terms of the paradigm but that a much wider range of theoretical controversies-sometimes penetrating to the heart of the Marxist framework-is possible in comparison to previous decades. Moreover, Marxism now does not function merely as an ideological constraint on social research but also as a research framework suggesting lines of investigation and explanatory schemata. Gellner finds that the central contrast between Soviet and British anthropology concerns the distinction between static, functionalist analysis and historical, evolutionary analysis of social forms. (He characterizes this distinction as &dquo;functionalist&dquo; and &dquo;evolutionist&dquo; approaches to anthropology. One might complain, however, that this


The main factor in the issue of the safety of the rolling stock movement in the rail track is the change in the magnitude of the lateral forces arising from the interaction of the wheel with the rail. The dynamics of changes in lateral forces directly depends on the increase in rolling stock speeds in curves and, especially, in transition curves. To prevent the sudden appearance of centrifugal force, the outer rail is elevated, the track is broadened when moving from a straight line to a circular curve and a transition curve of variable curvature r = l / p, where p is the variable radius of the curve. Within the transition curve, the current elevation h of the outer rail over the inner rail must be proportional to the current curvature value, including at the end of the transition curve, all these factors leading to a sharp dynamic increase in lateral forces. In this case, the elevation h0 of the rail and the curvature r0 = 1/R are the parameters of the circular curve. Due to the fact that r, h and track width S are variables within the transition curve, in case the widening in a circular curve is intended when moving along the transition curve, additional forces and moments arise not present either on a straight line or on a circular curve. It is necessary for any additional force factors (forces and moments) to change gradually and be equal to zero at the beginning (BTC) and end (ETC) of the transition curve, and for the absolute values and intensities (gradients) of their changes within the transition curve not to exceed the allowable values, which is provided by complying with the requirements specified in table.1.


A number of Extrinsic Fabry-Perot Interferometer processing techniques have been demonstrated for use to extract gaugelength measurements from optical detector output signals. These include: (1) an artificial Neural Network method, (2) a direct phase synthesid method, and (3) an iterative search method. For applications where the processing is to be performed with low-power hardware, co-located with the sensor, the hardware implementation architecture and complexity become critical for a practical solution. In this paper, implementation complexity tradeoffs and comparisons are given for various implementation architectures for each method with respect to each gauge-length estimate. Our research considers complexity as measured in terms of the number of hardware-resident arithmetic operators, the total number of arithmetic operations performed, and the data memory size. It is shown that accurate gauge-length estimates are achievable with implementation architectures suitable for applications including low-power implementations and scalable implementations.


The Seventh International Conference on Availability, Reliability and Security (ARES 2012) brings together researchers and practitioners in the field of dependability. ARES 2012 highlights the various aspects of dependability, following the tradition of previous ARES conferences, again with a special focus on the crucial linkage between availability, reliability and security. ARES aims at contributing to an intensive discussion of research issues in the field of dependability as an integrative concept that in its core comprises research contributions from availability, safety, confidentiality, integrity, maintainability and security and their different areas of application. This year's conference emphasizes the interplay between foundations and practical issues of research in information security and will also look at upcoming research challenges. ARES 2012 is dedicated to expanding collaborations between different sub?disciplines and to strengthening the community for further research which, previous ARES conferences have started to build. We are very happy to welcome two well?known keynote speakers: Annie I. Anton and Chenxi Wang. From many submissions we have selected the 15 best for a presentation as full paper. The quality of submissions has steadily improved over the last years and the conference officers sometimes faced a difficult decision when selecting which papers should be accepted. This year?s acceptance rate is 15% for full papers. In addition, several workshops and short papers show ongoing research projects and offer interesting starting points for discussions.


Compared with the literature in printed words,translated video show language has its unique traits: listening;immediacy;popularity;brevity;synthesis and cultural transmission.All these features are determined by video shows' patterns and their particular words.


Most of the oil industries have a substantial volume of physical subsurface data generated as part of the exploration study. This data is collected over many decades and exists in various formats such as tapes, cartridges, CDs, DVDs, paper media comprising of maps, technical well reports, and seismic logs. These items are usually stored in large offsite repositories across the globe and is maintained by third-party vendors. Access to this historical data is crucial for oil companies as it helps to find potential prospects for oil extraction which otherwise require an exploratory study by geologists using satellite imagery, surface rocks, terrain, and seismology. Storing large volumes of technical data in offsite repositories also posts many key challenges such as high storage cost, high retrieval time and inaccessibility of information. To address the above challenges, companies are digitizing the physical data and complementing with rich metadata extraction by Optical Character Recognition(OCR). This introduces some more technical challenges while dealing with lower Dots Per Inch (DPI) scans, poor quality scans, and huge file size. Several frameworks are developed which store the data in local repositories but these frameworks have limitations with respect to the number of documents processed, huge file size and storage scalability. To deal with above-mentioned problems, we present a high-performance computing cloud-based framework by storing the digitized data in the cloud, metadata enrichment through OCR along with image enhancement by a series of Image Processing (IP) techniques and provide high data availability to users using cloud-based search. We have tested this framework with big oil and gas company's data on a huge scale and the results are encouraging. Although this paper addresses oil industries domain problem, the proposed framework can be applied to other domains that have huge physical data.


A cage type back-pressure pilot-operated control valve comprises a valve body, a valve cap, internal valve parts, a valve rod and packing, wherein the internal valve parts include a pilot-operated valve core, a main valve plug, a spring, a valve cage, a holddown and a valve seat, the rear end of the pilot-operated valve core is fixed on the valve rod, the front end of the pilot-operated valve core is flexibly connected with the upper end of the main valve plug, and thereby a back-pressure pilot-operated structure is formed; the valve seat is fixed in the valve body, the valve cage is pressed on the valve seat by the valve cap, and the main valve plug is sleeved in the valve cage, and is piloted by the valve cage to move up and down. The utility model has the following advantages: the structure is compact, the production efficiency is high, and the maintenance, disassembly and assembly are convenient; since the back-pressure pilot-operated structure is adopted and the pilot-operated valve core is flexibly connected with the main valve plug, only little push force is needed for opening and closing, the centering is automatic, the closing force of the valve plug is increased, the closing is more tight, and the utility model is more suitable for high-temperature and high-pressure control conditions; when the valve is slightly opened, gas etching can be avoided as well, meanwhile, fluid does not impact the surfaces of the valve plug and the valve seat, and thereby the service lives of the internal valve parts can be prolonged.


Extracting disparity map as a very difficult problem is the core of stereovision research. Methods to fast extract dense disparity map using the mean normalized cross correlation are researched. In the stereo matching process, fast cross correlation calculation, data structure optimizing and pyramid image-matching strategy are adopted to realize fast dense disparity map extracting.