Abstract According to the logic of the conservation ethics, the heritage sector has the duty to conserve cultural heritage because it has inherent value and constitutes a non-renewable resource that once destroyed cannot be substituted and, therefore, must be preserved for the benefit of future generations. In this article, I argue, however, that the cultural heritage of the past is not a comprehensive legacy that theoretically, at any point, might have been considered complete but, rather, that it can be understood as frequently updated manifestations of changing perceptions of the past over time. The most important question for conservation and heritage management, thus, is not how much heritage of any one period may or may not survive intact into the future but, instead, which heritage, as our legacy to the generations to come, will benefit future societies the most. In particular, I am calling for more research into the possible significance of heritage in addressing some of the social consequences of climate change.


The study was fully sponsored by the Chinese Government under the auspice of the China-Africa Joint Research and Exchange Programme.


Having many advantages such as reliable anti-seepage function,lower cost of manufacture,and strong capacity to fit deformation,the geocomposities made of geomembrane obtains extensive application in hydraulic projects.This paper in detail analyzes the anti-seepage superiority of this membrane and some technical problems that must be handled in the constructing anti-seepage works of Xisuixing Reservoir,and discusses its application effect and development prospect.


The present invention relates to a method for preparing reinforced sandwich structure and the fluorescence intensity of the photoluminescence emission film, the sandwich structure is a transparent dielectric micron beads of tightly plated film formed on the surface of the substrate the light emitting - light emitting film - single tessellate sandwich bead array; m is used for a dielectric pellet in optically stimulated luminescence emission wavelength of excitation light and fluorescence having higher transmittance; using fluorescence enhancement media - micron transparent dielectric pellet price low for industrial scale applications; used microns transparent dielectric pellet no oxidation in an air environment, long-term stability enhanced light emitting thin film photoluminescence light emission intensity; used microns transparent dielectric beads light emitting film and does not require the substrate, the substrate may be a metal or non-metal, effectively extends the application range of the light emitting film photoluminescence emission enhancement technique.


A specially designed air-cooled compact antenna is proposed for non-contact real-time radio detection and ranging (RADAR)-level measurement in furnace. 3-D modeling is used to optimize the surface profile of the RADAR antenna for beam symmetry and low sidelobe level over 20–24 GHz. The fabricated RADAR sensor deployed in mono-static mode has 0.19-mm measurement error for a static target. Measurements in a closed furnace at 1100 °C demonstrate the feasibility of non-contact in-situ monitoring of the level of molten metal for long duration (11 hours) without degradation in the sensor performance.


Water has been recognized as the most fundamental factor in the life of organisms and the most widely used element in industries while currently, the world is dealing with water scarcity in many areas. This emphasizes the importance of preventing water contamination as well as returning contaminated water produced by industries to the production and consumption cycle. Yet, the need for environmental protection is a certain principle that is generalized in today's world so this necessity has become more important as the growth of industries and technologies and subsequent contamination. Advanced oxidation technology has been substantially developed in recent decades becoming increasingly important in the treatment process of industrial wastewaters containing resistant organic materials which cannot be removed through conventional treatment methods to reduce water quality parameters. The present study has examined the chemical oxygen demand (COD) in the synthetic monoethylamine wastewater prepared by the solar Photo-Fenton process. Principal effective parameters in the advanced oxidation technology, including the process time, the concentration of hydrogen peroxide ion, the concentration of iron (II) ion, and pH, were investigated by the response surface methodology (RSM) through 30 random experiments using central composite design method (CCD) to optimize reaction conditions. The most sufficient operational conditions were achieved at pH=4, [Fe2+] =2 mM, [H2O2] =20 mM, and t=90 min for the COD removal rate of 77.08%.


Tuning through a 5 Hzlo-S} kHz range with a one-hertz bandwidth must be done slowly, if accurate results are wanted. This new spectrum analyzer speeds up the process while bringing a number of other conveniences to this c/ass of instrument. lQ eEcrnuM ANALYZERS AND wAVE ANAl) fyZnnS perform the same function-separate and measure the individual frequencies that make up a complex signal. In the low-frequency range' they are useful for analyzing the characteristics of sounds, of mechanical vibrations, of communications signals, and of electrical waveforms in general. For many applications spectrum analyzers are the most popular because they sweep repetitively through the frequency range of interest, displaying all the signal components at one time as amplitude versus frequency on the cathode-ray tube. Low frequencies, however, present special problems to these instruments. To allow for the response time of the very narrowband filters needed for good separation of spectral components, the frequency sweeps have to be so slow that the cathode ray tube does not retain enough of the slow-moving trace to obtain a meaningful display. One way around this difficulty has been to use storage CRT's. But now, present-day digital technology makes possible another way of coping with painfully slow sweeps, a way that also brings other conveniences to low-frequency spectrum analysis. Digital storage of a spectrum makes it possible to combine the convenience of non-storage CRT display with the selectivity of a precision low-frequency analyzer. The new HP Model 35804 Spectrum Analyzer (Fig. 1) sweep tunes at a rate appropriate for the selective bandwidth employed, stores the resulting spectrum in a digital memory, and then reads out the stored information repetitively for flickerless display on a conventional CRT. Fundamentally a Precision Instrumenl Basically, the Model 3580A is a high-quality ana-lyzer. Minimum bandwidth of its selective circuits is 1 Hz, and this is useful over the entire 5 Hz-to-50 kHz range. It has a display range of more than 80 dB, 20 to 40 dB greater than others. Coupled with the high selectivity, this makes it possible to detect low-level spurious signals and powerline related sidebands close to a large spectral line (Fig. 2J. The noise level is less than 30 nV with the 1-Hz filters, allowing the most sensitive range to be 100 nanovolts full scale. The new instrument gives this performance in a compact package that is easily carried and that can be operated on internal batteries. Cover: …


Polystyrene resin beads carrying respectively maleimide and anthracene groups attached to extended side-chains adhere to one another in a manner consistent with an inter-bead cycloaddition reaction.


In Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, populations of outer districts are severely handicapped by poor access to urban facilities located in central districts, the low motorized vehicle ownership and the lack of water or electricity supply. From a survey conducted in two outer districts, it appears that handicaps are partially overcome by neighborhood or family solidarity, but, unlike in some other cities (e.g., Bamako, Dakar), local initiatives are not focused on the improvement of public transit inside these districts. Ouagadougou municipality will have to choose between more urban public facilities in outer districts (rather costly with low density) and a better access to central districts with public transit supply and a minimum road network serving the outer districts.


tag=1 data=Taxed to the limits. by Annette Sampson

tag=2 data=Sampson, Annette

tag=3 data=ABM,

tag=4 data=14

tag=5 data=6

tag=6 data=April 1994

tag=7 data=30-33.

tag=8 data=TAXATION

tag=10 data=Australia's tax system is a shambles. For year, bits have been tacked on until the original fabric is no longer visible; indeed, the legislation is now almost impenetrable.

tag=11 data=1994/6/4

tag=12 data=94/0289

tag=13 data=CAB


Via the survey of small software organizations in Shaoguan Guangdong and the participation in process improvement project of a small software organization,a cut out model of CMM level 2 for small software organizations and small software project was advanced.And the implement scheme also was presented.It is benefit to the application of CMM in domestic small software organizations and small software project.


Probably no greater quantitative or qualitative effect is imposed upon the ego or its rudiment than that from disturbances during the earliest weeks and months of life when soma and psyche constitute one undifferentiated system. It is generally accepted that the most embryonic, most rapidly growing, or youngest somatic tissues, or maturing patterns of function are most sensitive to stress. Differentiated tissue or specialized functions are more resistant to permanent alterations imposed by stress and less able to regenerate. Our attention today is more and more directed toward the impact on psychological functions by processes occuring during the formative and differentiating periods. I have indicated elsewhere that much research is needed on the myriad influences imposed on the neonatal body-its surfaces, orifices, and internal vegetative functionsto clarify the subsequent types of psychological functioning( ). For this presentation I have chosen to discuss a serious somatic disturbance appearing at birth and lasting for 8 years. Because of its obviously severe effects this should emphasize what may happen to ego functions from lesser disturbances. To view ego patterns from several points of view requires different operational methods. The unfolding of constitutionally derived action patterns is ascertained by detailed observations of maturing infantile functions. Unfortunately these have been mainly focused on motoric patterns and bodily structures. What requires study is a host of internal biochemical and physiological processes that are specified as to type and quantity at birth and that crucially affect first interactions. Interactions may be surmised by direct observations, or from reconstructions of child-mother symbiosis in a therapeutic setting. Transactional processes


This article shows how the use of factorial moments provides a simple, consistent yet elegant approach to finding the mean and variance of standard discrete probability distributions.


Responsibility is a key ethical notion of the concept of sustainable development. Responsibility in the context of the concept of sustainable development belongs to the future-oriented responsibility, because current generations should be responsible for the acceptable living conditions of the future generations. Consequently, current generation shave to be responsible for own actions. Ethics of responsibility should be considered as necessary condition of implementation of the principles of sustainable development. The goal of education as the future-oriented activity coincides with the task of ethics of responsibility and the principles of sustainable development. Environmental education has be come an integral part of all educational programs and projects


During this season of Advent, let us make all others -- be they individuals or groups -- winners by showing appreciation for the goodness in them and the good they do. Then all of us in turn may be led to thank God for gifting us with His Son, the Prince of Peace, on the first Christmas.


To evaluate the status of the technological innovation and level of RD trends providing a reference for future scientific research and project development at agricultural research institutions,a case study based on patent information analysis was conducted at Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences from 1985 to 2013.All patents applied by the Academy,including their application period,subject and technical field,were examined.The priorities and subject matters the Academy set forth were critiqued with recommendations for future reference.


This paper discusses how WhatsApp (WA) group can be used to maintain social and workplace relationship. In the presence of positive mediation of WA, people may have a sense of belonging as WA is a written discourse community. A WhatsApp group of lecturers was used as the source of data. Based on the results of analysis, it was revealed that the lecturers who join this WA group generally attempt to assert their individuality. Yet, they put their efforts to join others by maintaining their sense of status or self-esteem as they are members of the group by doing some imposition. It was also found that rich communication can be realized through WA group. The members' use of greetings and the use of directives are reported. The syntactic and lexical choices made by the lecturers are consciously or subconsciously interpreted by the members of the group. The messages in WA group also revealed that the lecturers in the group show they are able to contribute freely, avoid conflict and create harmonious working relationships via the WA chat forum. The study described here is a case study of a written workplace discourse in an educational institution. Hence no statistical tests have been carried out since it is regarded as exploratory. Further study based on different workplaces and in different contexts needs to be conducted to see how these findings hold for other workplaces.


This paper gives insight into the ways in which Passive optical networks may be economically deployed in a well-established copper infrastructure.

The telecommunications market demands service flexibility coupled with high reliability, which the copper network struggles to provide. Particularly beneficial is the fibre-to-the-building approach, which is being followed in certain areas in Europe. This provides the necessary service flexibility and promises huge capacity upgrades for the future. Following initial deployments the opportunity exists to broaden the deployment throughout Europe. Ubiquitous solutions will enable the benefits of fibre to be brought to smaller and smaller customers. Beyond this, the capacity and reach of fibre can be exploited more widely - restructuring the network to extend broad band services to all customers.


This article describes an exploration into improving the process and the outcome of learning in interactive teaching at the first-year university physics level, using what is becoming widely known as the "variation approach to learning." To explore this approach we chose an area of mechanics that is widely known to pose learning difficulties for students—Newton's third law. Test and interview data provided compelling evidence that explicit use of variation made a difference in student learning outcomes.


Purpose. The article considers the concept of learner autonomy basing on the works of both foreign and native specialists: the origin of learner autonomy in pedagogics is traced, different views on interpreting this term which still has no unanimous definition, special emphasis is laid on pointing out the teacher role in the context of learner autonomy. Methodology. The main research method applied in this work is the analysis of literature. Results. Basing on the views on learner autonomy considered by the author, the definition underlying the teacher role in learner autonomy is suggested. Conclusion. The most important aspect of learner autonomy forming is the fact that learner autonomy provides independence in achieving goals.


Automatic recognition of broadcast feeds from radio and television sources has been gaining importance recently, especially with the success of systems such as the CMU Informedia system [1]. In this work we describe the problems faced in adapting a system built to recognize one utterance at a time to a task that requires recognition of an entire half hour show. We break the problem into three components: segmentation, classification, and clustering. We show that a priori knowledge of acoustic conditions and speakers in the broadcast data is not required for segmentation. The system is able to detect changes in acoustics, recognize previously observed conditions, and use this to pool adaptation data. We also describe a novel application of the Symmetric Kullback-Leibler distance metric that is used as a single solution to both the segmentation and clustering problems. The three components are evaluated through comparisons between the Partitioned and Unpartitioned components of the 1996 ARPA Hub 4 evaluation test set.


The use of the optimal combination of packed and capillary temperature in the same column under the condition of oil cracking gas injection a quantitative analysis of three systems in parallel at the same time,6 minutes to analyze the cracked gas oil consisting of 28 full gas flow principles and methods of research.The precision of the method and the method of refinery gas,natural gas,analysis of the applicability of the study.And that the application of the method of the note


Classical 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase/Δ5-Δ/) isomerase (3β-HSD) deficiency is an autosomal recessive form of congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH). In contrast to CAH due to 21-hydroxylase and 11β-hydroxylase deficiencies, which impair steroid formation in the adrenal cortex exclusively, classical 3β-HSD deficiency affects steroid biosynthesis in the gonads as well as in the adrenals. Classical 3β-HSD deficiency is thus characterized by varying degrees of salt-losing in newborns of both sexes, associated with pseudohermaphroditism in males, while females exhibit normal sexual differentiation or mild virilization. To elucidate the molecular basis of classical 3β-HSD deficiency exhibiting various levels of severity of symptomatology, we determined the nucleotide sequence of each of the two highly homologous 3β-HSD genes in 13 classic 3β-HSD deficient patients from 10 unrelated families previously described by us and/or by Drs M.G. Forest, U. Heinrich, T. Moshang, S. Pang, A.P. Van Seters, S.C. Wallis and M. Zachmann. The 12 point mutations characterized were all detected in the type II 3β-HSD gene, which is the gene predominantly expressed in the adrenals and gonads. No mutation was detected in the type I 3β-HSD gene mainly expressed in the placenta and peripheral tissues, thus providing the basis for the well recognized intact peripheral intracrine Steroidogenesis in these patients. Our findings also provide a molecular explanation for the enzymatic heterogeneity ranging from the severe salt-losing form to clinically inapparent salt-wasting form of classical 3β-HSD deficiency.


This paper present study regarding fuel substances introduced in the air, which pass through the inlet ducts of cylinder heads. The purposes are different.

 For instance, easy starting of the engine at low temperatures.

 The problem of transporting the fuel - in vapor state - injected into the inlet ducts implies a series of processes of great complexity.

 The experimental checking are low temperatures (i.e. -200C), on a diesel single cylinder and the fuel injected into the inlet ducts has the quality of the ether.

 With the aid of a two phases (gas - liquid) 2D and 3D, the events suffered by the fuel are studied: the formation of the jet, the drop motion, the vaporization of the fuel drop, the fuel film formation, the motion of the fuel film and its vaporization, the air motion and vapor mass.

 Regarding the finite element method, the AVL'S FIRE software was used.


This research discusses about muhadharah effect to speaking skills in Indonesian language to students of MAN Insan Cendekia OKI. The aim of this research is to identify muhadharah effect to speaking skills in Indonesian language to students of MAN Insan Cendekia OKI. To get the result, the writer used descriptive analythical method and analyzed by the theory of speak skills factors of Arsjad G. Maidar. The data sources are obtained from observation, video of muhadharah, and muhadharah participant friends interview. After researcher did the research from 8 samples, the reasearcher found that muhadharah can improve speaking skill in Indonesian language to students of MAN Insan Cendekia OKI


In view of the hazards of geological disasters in Shanxi province the types of those geological disasters are analyzed.Based upon study of the characteristics of those geological disasters the development trend of those geological disasters in Shanxi are discussed,at the same time corresponding countermeasures are proposed to deal with geological disasters in order to prevent vicious circulation between environment and disaster to realize coordinate development of resources and environment,economy and society.


This study aims to describe the impact of environmental pollution, the causes of rejection from the Medali village community, and to evaluate the pollution violations in terms of environmental law. Furthermore, an analysis of the handling of pollution, the impact on the environment, an assessment of the location of the factory was conducted to criticize the existence of a rubber factory. This thesis research uses Law Number 32 Year 2009 concerning Environmental Protection and Management including handling and overcoming the risk of environmental pollution. This study uses the socio-legal method, using primary data and secondary data which are then analyzed using the juridical-empirical writing type specification, field observation data collection, interviews, and literature study. The results show, in the implementation of waste management by PT Bumi Nusa Makmur there is a mismatch with the proper standard of waste disposal, a violation of the establishment and expansion of company land, as well as environmental impacts in the form of environmental pollution related to air and liquid waste which affects the environment and communities around Medali village


The purpose of this study was to analyze the in uence of corporate image and customer satisfaction on customer loyalty Carrefour Depok. Customer loyalty is currently a concern for many retail companies because of the eect is very large for the survival of a business. In the retail industry, the creation of image or corporate image and increase customer satisfaction and loyalty is a thing that is not inevitable for all companies that still exist and are able to maintain its market share. The research method used was qualitative primary data that the authors conducted a survey by distributing questionnaires to 80 respondents who become customers Carrefour Depok. Analisisis testing and test data using test reliability and validity, test correlation analysis, regression and analysis to determine the eect of intervening variables directly and indirectly on the dependent variable. Software used was SPSS 10. From the obtained results and discussion that corporate image aects customer loyalty Carrefour Depok directly and indirectly through customer satisfaction. Contribution of 0.3 83 Corporate image directly aects customer loyalty Carrefour Depok and through customer satisfaction by 0.190.


In this work we present our latest results and analysis of a 10 MeV proton irradiation experiment performed on III-V solar cells. A set of representative devices were irradiated for different fluences, including latticematched GaInP/GaInAs/Ge triple junction, GaInP/Ge double junction, and GaAs and Ge single junction solar cells. The methodology applied included the irradiation of two devices of each type; for a better control of the measurements, non-irradiated devices with the same characteristics of those irradiated were used as reference. The devices were monitored before and after each exposure by in-situ characterization of the electrical response under dark and under illumination using a solar simulator connected to the irradiation chamber through a borosilicate glass window. Ex-situ characterization techniques included dark and 1 sun AM0 illumination I-V curve and external quantum efficiency measurements. Furthermore, results of the numerical simulation of devices with D-AMPS-1D code are presented in order to give a physical interpretation of the results. DLTS spectroscopy preliminary results for single junction GaAs cells are also presented.


Micro/nanotechnology is initiated from the electronics industry. In recent years, it has been extended to micro/nanoelectromechanic system for producing miniature devices based on silicon and semiconductor materials. However, the use of these hard materials alone is inappropriate for many biomedical devices. Soft polymeric materials possess many attractive properties such as high toughness and recyclability. Some possess excellent biocompatibility, are biodegradable, and can provide various biofunctionalities. Proper combinations of micro/nanoelectronics, polymers, and biomolecules can lead to new and affordable medical devices. In this paper, we briefly review several cleanroom and noncleanroom techniques related to micro/nanomanufacturing of polymeric materials. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Adv Polym Techn 27:188–198, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/adv.20134


Abstract : The eight naval shipyard, in conjunction with the Naval Sea Systems Command have developed a system of written and performance tests applicable to journeymen level production workers. These tests were developed in compliance with the government's Uniform Guidelines on Selection Procedures and submitted to the U.S. Office of Personnel Management for approval. Four specific applications are envisioned for the tests: (1) Promotion of worker-grade personnel to journeyman positions; (2) Hiring experienced personnel from outside the federal government; (3) Identification of requirements for either additional or remedial training of apprentices; and (4) Identification of deficiencies in personnel training programs. Growth plans for the programs include progress test for apprentice programs, measurement associated with qualifications on new procedures, and certification in lieu of training on certain repetitive programs. Tests have been developed for seventeen trades and validated by trial administrations at each of the naval ship yards. As part of the development process a task analysis was performed for each of the trades. Computer programs used for test generation allow the test designer to specify which tasks are to be measured in any given test and allow the tests to accommodate differences in job content and procedures at the several locations. Scoring and analysis features are also included in the computerized testing programs. The task analysis and the computer programs are in the public domain. As such they can be made available to commercial shipyards with potential testing applications.


Bitcoin is an electronic crypto-currency created in 2008 by Satoshi Nakamoto (pseudonym). At the time the original bitcoin client was written, the idea of a purely peer-to-peer (P2P) digital currency which did not require a trusted-thirdparty to confirm transactions / prevent double spending was unique. In the bitcoin network, all transactions are public, effectively rendering double-spending impossible. A criminal who wishes to double-spend or falsify some segment of the transaction history must convince the majority of the bitcoin network that his transaction history is correct, but in order to do that, he must provide the appropriate proof of work. Under the assumption that the majority of the network is honest, the criminal would have to have more computational power than the majority of the network in order to falsify the transaction history, as described in [1]. Since the onset of bitcoin, several other crypto-currencies have sprung into existence, but bitcoin continues to be the most popular. Because transactions in the bitcoin network are specified by the public keys of the payer and payee, some level of anonymity is guaranteed provided public keys are not traceable to real-world identities. For criminal organizations and others using bitcoin which require strong anonymity, this is not enough, so a so-called "mixing service" is employed. The mixing service takes in bitcoins from a group of individuals requiring strong anonymity, sends the coins around randomly in an attempt to obfuscate their origins, and then sends similar amounts of bitcoins back to new addresses specified by the individuals using the service. This is discussed in more detail in [2]. For our CS229 project, we were interested in using machine learning techniques to explore a dataset of bitcoin transactions; in particular, we were interested in exploring the anonymity guarantees of the bitcoin network. The questions we were hoping to answer are:


Based on a comprehensive review of legal writing textbooks and journal articles that have addressed how to organize a written legal analysis, this article identifies areas of consensus underlying the various acronyms (CRAC, CREAC, TRAC, etc.) that scholars have proposed in their quest to characterize the perfect structure and isolates core principles of effective organization that emerge from the existing body of scholarship. The core principles include: rule-based organization, separation of analysis by issue, synthesis of case law, and unity (including use of roadmaps, signposts, headings and transitions). These core principles can help legal writers escape from the confusion that might otherwise result from the various acronyms and terminology used in legal writing scholarship.


The identity and amount of volatile substances in the feces, urine and feces scent-marked with urine (i.e., feces mixed with urine) of feral horses was determined by acid/steam distillation and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. The frequency of excretion and scent marking, as evaluated in the breeding and non-breeding seasons, showed clear evidence of seasonal behavioral differences. The concentration of each substance (fatty acids, alcohols, aldehydes, phenols, amines and alkanes) in the feces differed according to maturity, sex and stage in the reproductive process. They had a characteristic chemical fingerprint. Although the levels of tetradecanoic and hexadecanoic acids in the feces of estrous mares were significantly higher than the respective levels in the feces of non-estrous mares, in the case of scent-marked feces by stallions, the levels of them in the feces from estrous mares had decreased to levels similar to those in non-estrous mares. The concentration of these substances in mares were n...


This paper addresses the problem of identifying the value of information held by a teammate on a distributed, multi-agent team. It focuses on a distributed scheduling task in which computer agents support people who are carrying out complex tasks in a dynamic environment. The paper presents a decision-theoretic algorithm for determining the value of information that is potentially relevant to schedule revisions, but is directly available only to the person and not the computer agent. The design of a "coordination autonomy" (CA) module within a coordination-manager system provided the empirical setting for this work. By design, the CA module depends on an external scheduler module to determine the specific effect of additional information on overall system performance. The paper describes two methods for reducing the number of queries the CA issues to the scheduler, enabling it to satisfy computational resource constraints placed on it. Experimental results indicate the algorithm improves system performance and establish the exceptional efficiency---measured in terms of the number of queries required for estimating the value of information---that can be achieved by the query-reducing methods.


We provide two complementary results that clarify the issue of string stability, i.e. keeping local errors in check with local controllers independently of the size of a chain of subsystems. First, we significantly extend the impossibility of string stability, from the LTI setting to any homogeneous controllers that can be nonlinear, time-varying, and locally communicating. We also prove that the impossibility holds for various variants on the most standard definition. Second, we prove that when perturbations are limited to the first subsystem of the chain, a PD controller reacting asymmetrically to one subsystem ahead and one behind can be tuned to achieve string stability. We give all results in a general discrete-time control setting which should be close to applications.


Algorithms such as Least Median of Squares (LMedS) and Random Sample Consensus (RANSAC) have been very successful for low-dimensional robust regression problems. However, the combinatorial nature of these algorithms makes them practically unusable for high-dimensional applications. In this paper, we introduce algorithms that have cubic time complexity in the dimension of the problem, which make them computationally efficient for high-dimensional problems. We formulate the robust regression problem by projecting the dependent variable onto the null space of the independent variables which receives significant contributions only from the outliers. We then identify the outliers using sparse representation/learning based algorithms. Under certain conditions, that follow from the theory of sparse representation, these polynomial algorithms can accurately solve the robust regression problem which is, in general, a combinatorial problem. We present experimental results that demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed algorithms. We also analyze the intrinsic parameter space of robust regression and identify an efficient and accurate class of algorithms for different operating conditions. An application to facial age estimation is presented.


Chromosomal inversions can originate from breakage and repair by non-homologous end joining. In addition, inversions can also originate from ectopic recombination between transposable elements located on the same chromosome and inserted in opposite orientations. In this issue of Fly, Fonseca et al. show that a MITE element (DAIBAM), previously involved in the origin of one Drosophila americana polymorphic inversion, is also involved in the origin of one fixed inversion between D. virilis and D. americana and another D. americana polymorphic inversion. DAIBAM therefore played a significant role in the chromosomal evolution of the virilis phylad, being responsible for at least 20% of the chromosomal rearrangements that are observed within and between species of this group.


Three rhesus monkeys were conditioned to respond to bursts of 500‐cycle tone and ignore bursts of white noise. They also ignored tone bursts of 10 msec and under, a duration that would be heard as noise by a human subject. After surgery to alter cerebral circulation by producing a subclavian steal (arterigrams are presented), they showed a many‐fold increase in time required to produce tonal response, comparable to abnormal time requirements found in human patients with confirmed impairment in vertebral artery circulation. Before and after subclavian steal, measurements were made of blood flow in specific brain areas of conscious monkeys using permanently implanted double‐thermistor probes. Results are presented. Evoked potentials before and after subclavian steal are presented. After surgery to correct the subclavian steal, the time requirements for tonal sensation returned to near normal. [Supported in part by the National Institutes of Health, U. S. Public Health Service, Department of Health, Educatio...


A Document Management System (DMS) is a repository of digital documents that provides functionality for check-in, check-out and shared editing. In a DMS, security mechanisms like encryption of documents and enforcement of policies are implemented to protect from information leakage. These security schemes, essentially applications of Digital Rights Management technologies, while effective against external attacks, are ineffective against insider attacks. The typical insider in a DMS already has access to documents and hence, his capabilities for information leakage are much higher. In this work, we address an important, yet unexplored problem of masquerading users in a DMS, a threat for which the DMS inherently has no protection. We approach the problem by monitoring the pattern and mannerism of user actions on documents and building a profile of each user using the resulting logs. In order to illustrate our ideas, we built user profiles of 41 users working on Microsoft Word and applied two algorithms, viz., IPAM and Naïve Bayes to distinguish between them. When supplied with appropriately interpreted command sequences of a DMS, IPAM was able to distinguish between users effectively, while Naïve Bayes failed to produce any meaningful results. We recorded an average detection rate of 58% with a false positive of 14%.


The testing technologies for evaluating rock quality include geological investigation, elastic wave examination and indoor rock mechanical experiment, etc. Taking the engineering rock quality evaluation of a dam foundation rock at the Shuibuya project for example, the application of quality classification of engineering rocks is studied.


Bilateral trade elasticity is important in the analysis of the international trade flows and their anticipation in the process of establishing macroeconomic policy. Our research is based on bilateral data and the assessment of the influence of currency depreciation on the bilateral trade elasticity of B&H and its seven leading trade partners from Central and Southeast Europe. We applied the ARDL econometric technique in the research. In the short term we investigated the presence of the Marshall-Lerner condition (M-L condition) for Croatia and FYR Macedonia, while in the long term we investigated the presence of the M-L condition for Slovenia. In addition, we investigated, in certain cases, the presence of the J-curve, i.e. long-term impact of currency depreciation on the elasticity of export and import demand function. Finally, based on the application of diagnostic statistics and stability tests, the stability of the coefficient was confirmed in the majority of cases.


Coupling of the electromagnetic pulse (EMP) to UHF antennas on masts can be misleading, because the resonant frequency of the induced current (and often that of the voltage of the termination) is determined by the structure dimensions (antenna-plus mast) and not by the antenna characteristics. In most cases this frequency is out-band with respect to the UHF-band of the antenna. Measurements were performed to study these coupling effects. The induced voltage waveform on the 50 Omega termination was directly related to the waveform of the current on the outer shield of the cable. Because of the rather small dimensions of the antenna/cable combination, the induced signals were not dependent on the length of the simulated pulse, but only on the rise-time and peak value.<<ETX>>


High-performance perovskites are promising materials for diverse renewable energy technologies. Beside the design characteristics, the performance of the devices depends on both the material itself as its synthesis. The latter because the processes occurring during the synthesis may produce different structures and therefore different properties. The first experimental approach was aimed at produce single-phase LSCF1991 powders by hydrothermal synthesis, investigating the phase relations after different crystallization times. The powder produced was also systematically characterized to appraise differences with other synthesis techniques and its potential use to produce electrochemical devices. The results showed that it is possible to increase oxygen deficiency by promoting the exit of oxygen during crystallization in the hydrothermal synthesis, producing an improvement of approximately Δδ = 0.2 compared to the citrate method. The single-phase powder LSCF1991, was fully characterized, shaped by different routes and sintered to demonstrate the suitability of the powder for the manufacture of electrochemical devices. The second experimental approach involved the production of an asymmetric membrane of LSCF1991. This perovskite is a material that presents mixed ionic-electron conduction, and can be applied to dense membranes for oxygen separation. The smaller the thickness, higher the oxygen flow through these membranes. However, thin membranes show limited mechanical strength and using of non-functional porous support is indispensable to maintain its integrity. Tape casting is a technique applied for production of thin and dense bodies with controlled thickness, while freeze casting is a method for manufacturing porous materials. However, the porosity obtained depends on the process applied. Coupling these two manufacturing techniques allows the performance improvement of dense membranes. In this work, LSCF dense membranes were developed by tape casting, and coupled to LSCF porous substrates obtained by freeze casting. Different operating conditions were used and their influence on the porous substrate was evaluated. An experimental design considered the 3 factors and 2 levels: method and freezing temperature (domestic freezer at -20 °C, ultra-freezer at -77 °C and liquid nitrogen at -196 °C), solids loading (37%, 40% and 43% by weight) and binder concentration (1%, 2.5% and 4% by weight). Mechanical properties, porosity and fluids permeability were evaluated as responses. Results indicated that the movement of the freezing front significantly influenced the pore direction and the open porosity, modifying tension, deformation and permeability values of the porous substrates. This support and the dense membrane were successfully attached and no cracking or delamination appeared at the coupling interface. Therefore, combining both techniques is a promising manufacturing route for the production of flat asymmetrical structures.


Nanoparticles has been used in medicine for diagnosis and treatment of various diseases. The current review focuses on the eco-friendly approach to develop nanoparticles of metal, with a special emphasis green synthesized silver nanoparticles. Past few years, due to its good conductivity, chemical stability catalytic and antibacterial activity silver have gained much attention. The diversity and significance of their applications have generated an enormous interest in developing different methods to synthesize silver nanoparticles with well-defined and controlled properties. Various chemicals and physical methods are being explored for production of silver nanoparticles. In which, chemicals are used as reducing agents which subsequently become responsible for various biological risks due to their general toxicity. In addition to chemical and physical methods, a new simple and cheaper technique to synthesize silver nanoparticles utilizes biological tools such as bacteria, yeasts, fungi, and plants. Products from nature or those derived from natural products, such as extracts of various plants or parts of plant, have been used as reducing agent and as capping agents during green synthesis. This technique involved is simple, most stable, and generally one-pot processes compare to other methods. The green synthesis of nanoparticles has been proposed as a cost effective and environmental friendly alternative to chemical and physical


Animals' regional femur blood(F) alteration was studied under an inadequate decompression by using the inhaled isotope 133Xe washout method.Results showed that the average F on left and right side of minipigs' femur decreased from 15.4±1.8 and 16.9±2.0mg/(100g.min)(before exposure)to 10±1.8and 11.1±1.6mg(100mg.min)(after expposure for 1.5h under the pressure of 0.5 MPa and then decompression to normal with the rate of 0.03-0.04MPa/min)respectively;the blood flow of hematopoietic marrow tissues(f1) on both sides also decreased from 19.3±2.0 and 22.1±1.9ml(100mg.min)to 13.9±1.4 and 13.8±1.0ml(100mg.min).The exact same alteration also happened in the experiment on New Zealand rabbits.It indicates that inadequate decompression in hyperbaric exposure can give rise to decrease animals' one blood flow and insufficient bone blood supply serves as one of the reasons for causing decompressive osteonecrosis.


Abstract : Attitude change scores were examined as a function of GSR in order to determine the existence of a relationship between the two. Since there was some suggestion from the data that the subjects having the higher GSRs tended more to move in a direction consistent with the communication, 2 x 2 contingency tables were constructed in which subjects were classified as falling above or below the group mean GSR and as having attitude change scores that were consistent or inconsistent with the persuasive communication. The possibility that GSR might predict amount of attitude change regardless of direction was examined. This required a correlational analysis, in which negative attitude change scores were eliminated by adding a constant of 16 to each raw score. The correlation between GSR and extent of attitude change in the case of Khrushchev's argument was (minus) .095, and for Stevenson's argument (plus) .048, neither of which approaches significance. This problem should be explored in a situation where more consistent attitude change can be induced. In the present experiment, attitude change was both too slight and too variable to permit a proper evaluation of its relationship to emotionality. (Author)


Bloodstream infections (BSIs) are a major cause of mortality in liver transplant recipients. The incidence, microbiology, and outcome of BSIs in the first year after liver transplantation were analyzed in 704 patients who underwent transplantation at a single center between 1997 and 2007. BSIs occurred in 205 (29.1%) of the 704 patients. Overall, 259 episodes were documented, and they resulted in an incidence rate of 36.8%. Of these episodes, 39.4%, 27.8%, 17%, and 15.8% occurred in the very early period (≤10 days after liver transplantation), the early period (days 11‐30), the intermediate period (days 31‐90), and the late period (days 91‐365), respectively. The most frequent pathogens were Enterobacteriaceae members (41%), Staphylococcus aureus (19.8%), enterococci (13.1%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (8.8%), and yeasts (7.1%). The median time of onset ranged from 7 days for methicillin‐resistant S. aureus to 25 days for Enterobacteriaceae. Mortality at 15 days after BSIs was 16.2%. Kaplan‐Meier survival curves showed that patients with BSIs had a significantly higher 1‐year mortality rate than those without BSIs (28.3% versus 16.6%, P < 0.001 with the log‐rank test). When the time of BSI onset was considered, 1‐year mortality was significantly associated with very early and early episodes (P < 0.001) but not with intermediate and late episodes (P = 0.47). In conclusion, BSIs are frequent and early complications after liver transplantation and are mostly caused by gram‐negative bacilli. A BSI in the first posttransplant month is a significant predictor of 1‐year survival. Liver Transpl 16:393–401, 2010. © 2010 AASLD.


Re: DirecTV - 35 minutes later, a human answered, and I was able to cancel my service.

Honestly, if I wasn't already calling to cancel my


Abstract Physical and psychological suffering are interrelated and should be assessed together as part of palliative care delivery. We aimed to describe the overlap of pain and depressive symptoms among long-stay nursing home (NH) residents with advanced Alzheimer's disease and related dementia (ADRD), and to determine the incidence of pain and depressive symptoms. We conducted a retrospective study of a US national sample of fee-for-Service Medicare beneficiaries who became long-stay NH residents in 2014-2015, had two consecutive quarterly Minimum Dataset assessments (90 and 180 days +/- 30 days), and had a diagnosis of ADRD in the Chronic Condition Warehouse and moderate to severe cognitive impairment (N= 92,682). We used descriptive statistics and Poisson regression models to examine the incidence of each symptom controlling for age, sex, and concurrent hospice care. Sub-groups with self-reported and observer-rated symptoms (pain/PHQ-9) were modelled separately, as were those switching between the two. The prevalence of depressive symptoms was low (5.7%), while pain was more common (18.2%). Across various subgroups, 2% to 4% had both pain and depression, but between 20% and 25% were treated with both antidepressants and scheduled analgesia. Depressed residents at baseline had an incidence rate ratio (IRR) of pain of 1.2 at the second assessment, while the residents with pain at baseline had an IRR of depressive symptoms of 1.3 at the second assessment. Our results support the expected relationship between pain and depressive symptoms in a national sample of long-stay NH residents with advanced ADRD, suggesting the need for simultaneous clinical management.


Spontaneous pulsations and polarization multistability resulting from the nonlinear interaction of two standing waves with an active medium in a single-longitudinal-mode Fabry-P\'erot gas laser with a weakly anisotropic cavity have been studied at different cavity anisotropies and different transitions between the working levels with and without an axial magnetic field applied to the active medium. As predicted theoretically, a series of polarization dynamical phenomena have been observed experimentally in the He-Ne $(\ensuremath{\lambda}=1.15\ensuremath{\mu}$m) laser in the case of orthogonal elliptically polarized eigenstates of the cavity. Periodic oscillations of two qualitatively different forms (distorted sinusoids and large spikes), the transition between two stationary orthogonal elliptically polarized waves in the vicinity of the line center tuning which occurs through the region with polarization instability, as well as switches between the orthogonally polarized components when the output is nonstationary have been found. It is shown that the diversity of nonstationary polarization phenomena in gas lasers with weakly anisotropic cavities is due to spontaneous pulsations of intensities, ellipticities, and azimuths of two emitted waves, caused by the competition of the nonlinear active medium and empty cavity anisotropies. The results of the theoretical modeling are in quantitative agreement with the experimental results.


This article discusses the value of the metrological examination of technical documentation in the field of mechanical engineering. Conducting the analysis of typical errors detected during metrological examination of the requirements for metrological support, established in the technical tasks for the development of design, in assessing the optimality of the range of measured parameters, in assessing the rationality of selected measuring instruments, in assessing the 221 requirements for the forms of expression of the errors of measuring instruments and for the regulation of terminology, names and designations of physical quantities and their units.


The actual question in the area of circuit analysis and synthesis methods is the problem of sensitivity determination. The proposed approaches for sensitivity calculation are directed to the obtaining of a symbolic form and to avoiding the direct differentiation by using a signal-flow graph. Interesting results in this topic are based on Mason's graphs, and Coates' graphs. This paper presents the comparison of some methods to finding the sensitivity to transfer branch: previously published algebraic method and proposed SFG method.


LEAD: Pursuant to the recently amended Polish rules on the control of investments, the Polish Competition Authority (UOKiK) is empowered to review intended investments in Polish companies by…


Bamboo and modal fibre were converted into yarn by air-jet vortex spinning and ring spinning respectively.The properties of the yarns and the fabrics made by these yarns were tested and analyzed.The fabric made by vortex spun yarn has the properties of softer,smoother,lower strength,better abrasion resistance and permeabitity than fabric made by ring spun yarn.


We carry out the Lagrangian diurnal warm layer (DWL) observations, supplemented by satellite products, along the strong Kuroshio east of Taiwan, where the boundary terrain modifies the winds and the advection effect is significant. The synoptic easterly wind bifurcates as it encounters Taiwan's coast, forming the southward‐blowing and the northward‐blowing branches in the southern and northern regions of the bifurcation, respectively. The two branches produce areas with enhanced and weakened apparent wind speed relative to the northeastward flowing Kuroshio. The DWL can reach 5 m in the south of the bifurcation due to the shear instability‐induced mixing. Sea surface temperature (SST) enhancement occurs around and in the north of the wind bifurcation, where the solar heat is only trapped in the upper 2 m due to the absence of instability, forming inhomogeneous SST along the Kuroshio. The synoptic wind variations and Kuroshio advection further modulate the location of SST enhancement.


Abstract: The most cases of cardiac arrest are cases outside the hospital. Education in certain communities about true Basic Life Support is necessary because communities can be first responder and agents of change. One of the communities that is required to be able to do first aid is the bicycle community because lately there are many phenomena of cardiac arrest events and accidents among this community. In order to be able to do initial assistance on the scene quickly and appropriately, of course community members must have sufficient knowledge. Therefore, it is necessary activities to educate the community, especially the bicycle community. The method of activity consists of pre-test, interactive lectures as well as demostration, followed by simulation of Basic Life Support of Heart and Trauma, terminated post test. The result of the activities obtained that education can increase knowledge. Proven before education most (71%) participants' knowledge was low, and after education the participants' knowledge increased to (62%) in high categories. It is important to provide more emergency education to other communities in the community.


This study was designed to evaluate spirulina wastes and live housefly maggot as partial replacement for fishmeal in the diets of Nile Tilapia. Four isonitrogenous (35%) and isocaloric (17-18 KJ.g -1 ) diets were evaluated: commercial diet Skretting SK, control diet CD (30% fishmeal), and two others diets (SW and LM), corresponding to spirulina wastes and live housefly maggot inclusion respectively. Diets were hand-fed thrice daily to triplicate groups of fish to apparent satiation. After 12 weeks, the final weight and feed intake of fish fed diet CD and SK did not differ from those fed diets LM, but were higher than those fed SW diet ( p 0.05 ). Whole-body protein contents were similar in all groups, whereas the lipid content was lower in SW group. It was concluded that a 62.56 % fishmeal protein could be replaced by live maggot in the diet of Nile Tilapia without negative effects on growth performances and quality of fish produced.


When a fiber optic current transformer (FOCT) malfunctions, its output signal is usually accompanied by a large noise, which affects the subsequent fault diagnosis results of the transformer. In response to the above noise issues, this paper constructs a new noise reduction algorithm by combining Complete Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition Adaptive Noise (CEEMDAN) and Sample Entropy (SE). Above all, the output signal of FOCT is decomposed into multiple fault components using the CEEMDAN algorithm. Then, by comprehensively considering the frequency domain characteristics and sample entropy calculation value of each component, the characteristics of each component are determined, so the power frequency and low-frequency components are selected as the feature vectors representing the fault mode. Finally, the noise components with high sample entropy are eliminated, and the power frequency current components with medium sample entropy and the low-frequency fault feature components with low sample entropy are recombined and superposed to build a fault signal dataset after noise reduction.


This paper addresses the cooperative consensus problem for nonlinear strict-feedback systems under directed graph topologies. For the case of multi-agent systems with unmatched nonlinear, we adapt a dynamic surface control which is a recursive and Lyapunov-based control design procedure yet avoid the problem of "explosion of terms". A new error surface based on graph theory is introduced to reduce the number of first-order filters which can simplify the recursive procedure. As an application of our algorithm, we study the problem of leaderless coordination of multiple quad rotors. The effectiveness of the theoretical result is demonstrated via simulations.


appears throughout the book. The privileging of Han over Mongolian perceptions of nature results from the interaction of scientific institutions and practices at the local, national, and international scales. Another scalar argument is the need to look beyond the geographical boundaries of local production to regional political economy, national policy, and penetration of global markets in analyzing ecological change. Furthermore, while Han scientists look only at small-scale sand patches, and thus conceptualize them as blight, local herders consider the regional and landscape scale, recognizing that dune sand is an enabling ecological parameter for their system of extensive land use. Secondly, Williams makes a number of related arguments about the importance of sense of place and environmental identity, which he suggests are just as important in social action as nationality or ethnicity. He theorizes that landscape preference and sense of place must be understood as existing in juxtaposition to other places and scales. Williams also takes on hidden landscape histories, arguing against both Raymond Williams and Yi-Fu Tuan for asserting that oppression can be hidden in the landscape. He argues that this is only true from an outsider's perspective and that in Nasihan, enclosures and political upheavals have left a ''tangible record of suffering on the landscape'' (p. 201) that residents can easily interpret. A few questions can be raised about Williams's account. First, the bold contrast he draws between Han and Mongolian spatial and ecological identities is powerful, but gives us little leverage for considering the lives of the large number of Mongolian agriculturalists and urban dwellers in Inner Mongolia today (see Khan 1996). They are clearly not the subject of his study, but one wonders how they fit into the framework Williams has developed. Second, Williams argues successfully that a historical materialist view is insufficient for understanding landscape transformations; culture is also important. Yet, one wants Williams to extend his analysis to show just how political economy and cultural politics and practices are constitutive of each otherFnot just existing side by side, but deeply intertwined. Finally, Williams also argues compellingly that ''ideologically imposed perceptions of the environment'' are significant in social manipulation and oppression (p. 13). The reader, however, may wish for a more precise definition of ''ideology,'' since Williams also shows that local herders have a very different landscape perception than do outsiders. Therefore, it seems as if they do not accept the ''imposed'' ideological perceptions but rather possess their own organic ideologies; that is, it seems they resist the state from a space separate from power. However, these are all very minor complaints. Beyond Great Walls is a most welcome contribution that enriches the still rather sparse literature on the political ecology of China. The prose is refreshingly crisp and free of jargon, expressing sophisticated theoretical ideas in an accessible manner. As such, the book is appropriate for both upper-level undergraduate and graduate seminars on development and nature-society geography. More generally, Williams's book will be valuable to anyone with interests in political ecology, environmental and social justice, and the cultural geography of China.


More than 200 chickpea varieties released in India have resulted in achieving 8–9 million tonnes of production annually. However, its production remains unstable over years and locations due to vulnerability of present day varieties to fluctuating weather condition and various biotic stresses. The narrow genetic base of the cultivars is mainly responsible for vulnerability to biotic and abiotic stresses. The present study takes stock of the current genetic base by analysing genetic relatedness of 105 desi and 33 kabuli chickpea varieties released in India till 2015 through pedigree analysis. The genetic base of desi and kabuli varieties could be traced back to 120 and 53 parents, respectively. IP 58 (27), C 1234 (26), JG 62 (18), S 26 (18) and Chaffa (15) were the most utilised parents in desi while Rabat (26), Pb 7 (24), Banda Local (14), Etah Bold (14), Guamchil 2 (14), P 458 (14) and GW 5/6 (14) were the frequently used lines in kabuli varieties. More than 50% of total genetic base could be traced to 24 parents among desi and only 9 parents among kabuli varieties. It is a high time that concerted efforts should be made for utilization of diverse germplasm lines involving wild species and primitive landraces to broaden genetic base so that vulnerability to biotic and abiotic stresses can be minimized.


In ITER and in eventual reactors, enhanced impurity confinement due to internal transport barriers (ITBs) and H-mode operation establishes a very low tolerance for high-Z impurities [1]. Experiments have shown that impurity accumulation increases as power in the ion cyclotron range of frequencies (ICRF) is increased [2]. As a result, one of the primary challenges of ICRF heating is the reduction or elimination of impurities introduced into the plasma during ICRF operation, particularly for tokamaks with high-Z plasma facing components (PFCs). Plasma impurities associated with ICRF auxiliary heating are universally observed [3, 4, 5, 6]. However, the underlying physics of ICRF-specific impurity generation is not well understood, and observations of impurity characteristics differ among various tokamak experiments. Several methods have been proposed to reduce ICRF-specific impurity characteristics: low-Z PFC coatings such as boronization [7]; toroidal phasing of antenna straps [3]; and alignment of antenna Faraday screen elements with the total magnetic field [8]. On Alcator C-Mod we have designed a new magnetic field-aligned ICRF antenna to minimize ICRF-specific impurity characteristics. The field-aligned antenna is rotated 100 from horizontal, such that the antenna straps are perpendicular to the total magnetic field at the edge for a typical plasma discharge (BT ~ 5.4 T, 1, ~ 1 MA). ICRFinduced E-parallel is a likely candidate for producing enhanced sheath voltages that lead to greatly increased sputtering of material surfaces and enhanced impurity edge transport. Initial simulations performed using both slab and cylindrical geometry suggested nearly complete cancellation of E-parallel in front of the antenna structure for certain toroidal phasings. Using toroidal models, the cancellation of E-parallel is more modest, suggesting 3-D geometrical effects are important. Multiple antenna phases were analyzed for the field-aligned antenna using finite element method with a 3-D toroidal cold plasma model. In each case, the field-aligned antenna had reduced integrated E-parallel relative to the existing non-aligned antenna geometry, with the greatest reduction for monopole [0, 0, 0, 0] phasing. Initial results suggest that the field-aligned antenna operation results in fewer impurities in the plasma than conventional antennas.


The unique climate conditions of Cross River State and the numerous tourism attraction spots have made Cross River State a tourist haven of Nigeria. This study is centred on three local governments of Cross River State. These are Calabar Municipality. Calabar South and Odukpani. A Sample of 360 respondents were used for the study. Data were collected based on questionnaire, direct field observation and interviews. The data collected,, "ere analysed using descriptive statistical tool and the results obtained were represented in percentages, bar charts and pie charts. The result revealed that there is a significant variation in the patronage of the different resorts centres used for this study. It shows that 55% of the landscape sites visited was established for beautification purpose and 45% for tourism. About 30% of the landscape sites carry out daily maintenance, 25% spends over N50,OOO as cost of maintenance per month of the landscape, while 10% spend over N750,000 on establishment. This study shows that Cross River State is endowed with great tourism potential which can be developed to ensure sustainability and socia-economic empowerment of the local people. This is in view of a high percentage of patronage by domestic tourist as compared international tourist over the years.


In this paper, we study the thermodynamics, electrostatics, and an external electric field driven ionic current in a pH‐responsive, end‐charged polyelectrolyte (PE) brush grafted nanochannel. By employing a mean field theory, we unravel a highly nonintuitive interplay of pH and electrolyte salt concentration in dictating the height of the end‐charged PE brush. Larger pH or weak hydrogen ion concentration leads to maximum ionization of the charge‐producing group—as a consequence, the resulting the electric double layer (EDL) energy get maximized causing a maximum deviation of the brush height from the value (d0) of the uncharged brush. This deviation may result in enhancement or lowering of the brush height as compared to d0 depending on whether the PE end locates lower or higher than h/2 (h is the nanochannel half height) and the salt concentration. Subsequently, we use this combined PE‐brush‐configuration‐EDL‐electrostatics framework to compute the ionic current in the nanochannel. We witness that the ionic current for smaller pH is much larger despite the corresponding magnitude of the EDL electrostatic potential being much smaller—this stems from the presence of a much larger concentration of H+ ions at small pH and the fact that H+ ions have very large mobilities. In fact, this ionic current shows a steep variation with pH that can be useful in exploring new designs for applications involving quantification and characterization of ionic current in PE‐brush‐grafted nanochannels.


An ad hoc network is a distributed and self-organized network, where wireless terminals exchange network information with neighbor terminals and construct a multi-hop network. The topology of such a network changes frequently because of the unsettled wireless environment and/or terminal mobility. Consequently, appropriate route maintenance is necessary. In this thesis, we first focus on a commercially available ad hoc wireless network system, the Flexible Radio Network (FRN). This system uses a proprietary protocol that provides multiple-route management and hop-by-hop transmission acknowledgement. We discuss the system performance, which was evaluated through simulations regarding the data-link and routing protocol of the FRN to clarify the system's basic properties, and then explain some FRN problems that degrade the system performance. After that, we describe techniques to improve the performance. These techniques are aimed at improving the system parameter setting adaptively or at remedying the problems statically. Through simulation results, we show how the techniques improve system performance. In the second part of this thesis, we investigate high-speed data communication services provided over ad hoc networks. Ad hoc networks are expected to be integrated with wired networks and many applications will operate over TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol), so many studies have been dedicated to improving the performance of TCP over ad hoc networks. However, most of these studies assumed a persistent TCP connection. This is clearly inadequate because many TCP connections are actually


Advanced age-group swimmers and their coaches try to optimize their individual swimming technique. Therefore the stroke distance is often mentioned as a criteria. If swimmers cover more distance stroke by stroke, their movements under water are more efficient. The base of a successful motion sequence is a well-structured mental representation. Mental representation can be visualized by using special software. Based on these results, special workouts have been designed. During a six-week training period the participating group worked precisely according the advised concept. As pre-and post-tests the swimmers worked on the computer and performed 25 meters freestyle starting in the water, as fast as they could. On the date of the post-test the swimmers had a mental representation that was more organized and made improvements in their swimming performance. The distance was covered at nearly same speed, but with a lesser stroke rate; the stroke distance therefore increased.


Based on the reliability analysis,the classification system of influencing factors for the bulk power system reliability is proposed from the angle of component and system. This system consists of four classes of impacting factors,i.e. components reliability parameters,electrical parameters of power systems,network configurations and system operational parameters. The sub-factors of each class and the relationships among the four class factors are also discussed. In order to describe the impact degree of each factor on the system reliability,the mathematic models for each factor are also presented. The proposed concepts and models are applied to the IEEE RTS-79 system reliability assessment. The results show that the proposed techniques can be used to analyze the impact of factors on the system reliability. The analysis and classification of reliability influencing factors in this paper supply a theoretical basis for the reliability evaluation and reliability improvement.


Few major cities have undergone so thorough a transformation as early modern Rome, where a shrunken "gigantic cadaver" became a paradigmatic early modern theater of architectural magnificence, worthy of its ancient predecessor. No single site better exemplifies this transformation than the Campidoglio, the ancient Capitoline Hill, surmounted by a grand piazza bordered on three sides by palaces but open to the city on the fourth side where St. Peter's dome, designed by Michelangelo for Pope Paul III (r. 1534–49), rises above the distant skyline. The same architect and patron played key roles in the sixteenth-century remodeling of the Campidoglio (Fig. 1), though the only building actually erected on the hill by the pope was not part of Michelangelo's Capitoline ensemble. Early in his long pontificate, Paul saw to the construction of the Torre Farnese (or Paolina), a fortified residence designed with an eye to defense and domination, certainly not aesthetics. Until its demolition to make way for the Victor Emmanuel Monument (1885), the Torre Farnese was a looming presence on the hill, overlooking a city where by now numerous palaces exemplified the classicizing, formal language of the Renaissance, of which it showed hardly a trace. Nor could there be a stronger contrast with Michelangelo's highly innovative and allusive designs for the civic palaces on the Campidoglio, though these were not realized until long after Paul's death (the date of the design is a different issue, as noted below), or indeed with the same architect's work, from 1546, on Paul's own family palace, the Palazzo Farnese. It has recently been suggested that we should see the rustic character of the Torre Farnese, traditionally sometimes referred to as a villa, in a more positive light, and as


Motives and demographic characteristics of members of democratically controlled businesses in northern California and Oregon are described. Participants are young, well-educated, and low to middle income. Compared to private firms offering similar goods or services, members perceive co-ops and collectives as superior in social atmosphere, price, learning opportunities, quality of goods and services, and honest merchandising; as less satisfactory in amount of time devoted to membership obligations. The collectives are more committed to social objectives than are the consumer cooperatives. There is little overlap among the motives or the membership in the two organizational formats. Implications of the diverse motives and membership for the spread of the cooperative movement are discussed.


The global community is divided on economic status. The conditions of the poor communities are critical, especially in developing and underdeveloped nations. Most of these nations belong to the Asian, African, and South American continents. The nations from these continents owe rich natural heritage and cultural diversity. The eco-cultural ethos embedded in the indigenous customs and traditions of these nations has global relevance in the modern age of information. It is fact that the solution to any environmental challenge exists in the cultural roots of the nation. India is one of such nations which inhabit diverse eco-culture. The purpose of this paper is to understand the natural heritage of rural India and the local conservation practices prevalent in the rural communities to achieve the targets of UN SDGs. Undoubtedly, nature conservation and environment protection involve social dimensions connected to the local ecological setup. The eco-centric approach of the Indian culture lies in the concepts of 'Vasudhaiv Kutubkam' (Earth is one family), 'Aranya Sanskriti' (Forest Culture), and the 'Prakriti Purush' (Natural Human) which are deeply embedded in the traditions and the customs of the Indian society. Based on traditional conservation practices, the community manages the local natural heritage. The diversity of customs and traditions results in the vividness of the conservation practices. Thus, the socio-ecological systems could be used for site-specific conservation programs and policies.


of of the of aerosol cloud interactions to the effect of changes. the of aerosol cloud interactions do have the modeled on the various parameters. An in terms of an we that, in the case of or decreased multiple


This paper discusses the problem of the selection of sensors and ex ci ting models in the course of foundation pile detecting, and expounds the problem of how to make interpretation of shallow defects on foundation pile connecting with the methods of the routine detection.


Sedimentary organic matter (SOM) on continental slopes in marine regions can sensitively record climatic and environmental changes. In this study, total organic carbon content (TOC), total nitrogen content (TN), and their stable isotope compositions (δ13C and δ15N) for sediments of core G02 were investigated (at ∼24.2-year resolution) to reveal the temporal variations in organic matter sources and the main controls on the sources and distribution of buried organic matter on the northwestern continental slope of the South China Sea over the last ∼8600 years. Results of a δ13C binary mixing model reveal that ∼82.3 ± 3% of SOM is derived from marine autochthonous sources. We suggest that the carbon and nitrogen contents and compositions of SOM are governed by distinct factors. The more positive δ15N values before the Pulleniatina Minimum Event occurrence are ascribed to stronger subsurface water intrusion by the Kuroshio Current, which led to enhanced subsurface denitrification and in turn counteracted the effect of mixing with surface water caused by the East Asian winter monsoon. Sedimentary δ13C values show a fluctuant decrease during ca. 8.6–3.0 cal kyr BP and a conspicuous increase during ca. 3.0–1.4 cal kyr BP. These changes are attributed to the decrease of marine productivity induced by the continuous weakening East Asian monsoon effect and the decrease of terrigenous organic carbon input induced by the weakened Indian summer monsoon precipitation, respectively. Since ca. 1.4 cal kyr BP, human activities have become the dominant factor in controlling the production and distribution of organic carbon. The results provide an important basis for understanding of source-sink processes of organic matter and the factors influencing these processes on continental slopes in low-latitude marginal seas.


This paper studies an asymptotic framework for conducting inference on parameters of the form ( 0), where is a known directionally dierentiable function and 0 is estimated by ^ n. In these settings, the asymptotic distribution of the plug-in estimator ( ^ n) can be readily derived employing existing extensions to the Delta method. We show, however, that the \standard" bootstrap is only consistent under overly stringent conditions { in particular we establish that dierentiability of is a necessary and sucient condition for bootstrap consistency whenever the limiting distribution of ^ n is Gaussian. An alternative resampling scheme is proposed which remains consistent when the bootstrap fails, and is shown to provide local size control under restrictions on the directional derivative of . We illustrate the utility of our results by developing a test of whether a Hilbert space valued parameter belongs to a convex set { a setting that includes moment inequality problems and certain tests of shape restrictions as special cases.


Ageratum conyzoides L., is an annual herb with a long history of traditional medicinal uses in many countries in the world, especially in the tropical and subtropical regions. A wide range of chemical compounds including alkaloids, flavonoids, chromenes, benzofurans and terpenoids have been isolated from this species. Extracts and metabolites from this plant have been found to possess pharmacological and insecticidal activities. In continuation of our interest in the Egyptian medicinal plants, the reinvestigation of the methylenechloride extract of the air-dried aerial parts of Ageratum conyzoides afforded a new natural compound 1 , pyrrolone, 5-ethoxy-1H-pyrrol-2(5H)-one, together with a known flavonoid. The structures of the compounds were determined by comprehensive NMR studies, including DEPT, COSY, HMQC, HMBC, and MS.


This work presents a new fiberless soft pneumatic actuator that can work multifunctional and bidirectional, and its embedded sensors give it a self-proprioception ability. This actuator works based on the idea of employing helical pressure channels. Applying the controlled input pressures into these two channels causes a variety of deformations and actuation. In particular, single pressure, imbalanced pressures, and balanced pressures applied in the channels cause bidirectional coilings, opposite bendings, and elongation, respectively, in a single unit actuator. Also, two U-shaped microchannels are created, and by injecting a gel-based conductive material, the actuator is equipped with resistive sensors which are responsive to a vast dynamic range from a small oscillation to a large elongation. This actuator has so many promising features as a multifunctional soft gripper, and its embedded soft sensors enable it to have better controllability in real problems. The multifunctionality of this actuator has been validated with several experimental tests, and also we have shown it has excellent potential in gripping a variety of objects. Finally, the embedded sensors can discriminate the main functions of actuators, and also they can play the role of independent sensors as well like a stretch, pressure, or bending sensors.


Female roles such as mother, wife and professional are recurrent in discussions brought about by different subjects (Sociology, Anthropology, Psychology, Administration). This research aims at analyzing the thinking and behavior of women that work in a certain commercial space in Porto Alegre, and to what extent action and supposedly modern discourses are coherent or contradictory. This task was accomplished by using the ethnographic method and techniques of true-life stories, testimonies, and systematic and participative observation to follow the trajectory of four women that work at the Otavio Rocha viaduct in Porto Alegre, between August 2002 and April 2003. The findings indicate that decisions are still centered on the male character. It is up to him to say yes or no when it comes to adopting a child, or to decide whether the work outside the home limits should be considered as a hobby or viewed as an opportunity of growth and professional accomplishment.


THE LAW OF ENGLAND TAXES AND TORMENTS MEDICAL MEN WHILE IT PROTECTS MEDICAL PRETENDERS. O.N June 3rd, we made a few remarks upon a recent trial at Edinburgh of two quack doctors who had been swindling the public by styling themselves "Botanical Physicians", and pretending to cure all diseases by certain nostrums, sold at some shillings each. It was not contended by the public prosecutor that the practice of the prisoners was positively dangerous, nor that it had in any known casc proved fatal; but a conviction was obtained from the jury upon the charge of "falsehood, fraud, and wilful imposition", and the sheriff pronounced upon the impostors sentence of "nine months imprisonment with hard labour". As a contrast to the wholesome jurisprudence of Edinburgh, let us place before our readers some gleanings from the newspapers of the week, analogous to others of frequent occurrence, especially on this southern side of the Tweed. Our first example is a case of suspected manslaughter by a Coffinite. The following is the newspaper paragraph. "COFFIN PRACTIcz. Thomas Clarke, a pilot, aged 53, died recently at West Hartlepool after treatment for hernia by a practitioner said to be of the Coffin School, who promised ' to make another man of him', and with that view gave him heroic doses of medicine. 'The masterpiece of the complaint', he said, 'was wind': and he administered jalap, Cayenne pepper, and gin-a dram-glassful every morning. Mr. Atkinson of West IHartlepool said, in reply to


This paper is concerned with the exponential synchronization for a class of -coupled complex partial differential systems (PDSs) with time-varying delay. The synchronization error dynamic of the PDSs is defined in the -dimensional spatial domain. To achieve synchronization, we added a linear feedback controller. A sufficient condition is derived to ensure the exponential synchronization of the proposed networks using the Lyapunov–Krasovskii stability approach and matrix inequality technology. The proposed system has broad applications. Two example applications are presented in the final section of this paper to verify the proposed theoretical result.


In a Swedish study treatment staff, youth cannabis users and adult cannabis users are interviewed about the risks of taking drugs. They all mobilize evidence-based arguments for their standpoints but arrive at quite different conclusions. Drug policy becomes "a matter of concern rather than a matter of facts".


The paper is concerned with the dissipative behavior due to multi-frequency excitation. It is shown both theoretically and experimentally that it is possible to treat the frequencies separately. Practically, this leads for instance to the conclusion that the material damping in a rotor with anisotropic bearings can be treated as a complex stiffness, which simplifies the calculations dramatically.


We present a blow-up result for large data for relaxed compressible Navier-Stokes models avoiding the possibility of reaching the boundary of hyperbolicity. Thus a previous result is improved and further examples are given illustrating possible effects of a relaxation and contrasting the classical compressible Navier-Stokes equations without relaxation where solutions for large data exist globally.


Abstract This study aims to investigate and improve the learners' mistakes in applying question words; what, when, where, why, who, whose, whont, which and how through the pictures of a gient buildings. Most new leaners expect to spcak the languagc they learrh as soon as they can, without thinking over about thc langauge grammar, particularly in applying those question words. Teachers can, of course, conduct many distingusih teaching tools in order to improve the learners progress in learning a langauge. Mistakes normanlly takes place when people learn a language let alonc when they try to speak. Adult learners sometimes misused questions words, espccially What, Where, When due to having misleading about QW. The researcher found out that by using the pictures of giant buildings, as a teaching media. Ile strongly believes that the picture of giant building can minimize the mistakes and improve their speaking skills in terms of using question words. Question words are used to ask about specific qualities, times, places, people, etc. When the researcher traveled to some big cities in the world hc found that some people asked about those huge building. Perhaps they have never seen such a tall buildings in their cities. The questions that the researcher found such as; Hmv is this huilding?. How many levels are they?. Who huilt this building?. What are this building for?.When HYlN this building built?. Who designed it? This is the very rcason why the researcher is interestcd in conducting this study, besides, the learners feel fun and enjoy learning. lt is expected that this study can be significant for those learners in mastering English. Keywords-Question words; pictures of giant buildings; aduk learners; speaking skills


Based on previous research findings,this paper explores the Chinese-language teachers' personality traits commonly expected by the international students through questionnaires and indepth interviews.The results reveal significant associations between their personality traits preferred by the international students and the differences of individual students in connection to age,sex,nationality,Chinese language proficiency,length of Chinese-language learning,mother tongue,personality as well as the differences of the Chinese-heritage and non-Chinese-heritage students.This paper analyzes the differential preference over the teachers' personality traits in the perspectives of the mother tongue,Chinese language proficiency,length of Chinese-language learning,personality and Chineseheritage and non-Chinese-heritage students as well as the extent of these preferences among students with different backgrounds.These findings can be used to inform the recruitment and training of Chinese-language teachers so as to tailor the Chinese-language teaching to the individuals' aptitudes and achieve the best outcomes.


Fungal infections, also called mycoses, are important causes of morbidity and mortality in humans. Some fungal infections are endemic, and these infections are usually caused by fungi that are present in the environment and whose spores enter humans. Other fungal infections are said to be opportunistic because the causative agents cause mild or no disease in healthy individuals but may infect and cause severe disease in immunodeficient persons. The human airway is continuously open to the nonsterile environment where fungal spores have the potential to reach lung tissue and produce disease. In the immunocompromised host, many fungi, including species of fungi typically considered nonpathogenic, have the potential to cause serious morbidity and mortality. Over the last several decades the advent of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) epidemic and the increasing use of immunosuppressive drugs for serious medical conditions have dramatically increased the number of persons who are severely immunocompromised. In addition, the range and diversity of fungi that cause disease have broadened. Although Candida and Aspergillus species continue to be the fungal pathogens that most frequently cause invasive fungal disease in immunocompromised persons overall, infections due to previously uncommon hyaline and dematiaceous filamentous fungi are being reported with increasing frequency. This is significant because, despite marked advances in antifungal therapy, infections caused by opportunistic fungal infections (rare and emerging) continue to be associated with high morbidity, high mortality, and poor patient outcomes. This results from a combination of drug-resistant strains, lack of robust clinical studies evaluating treatments, and severe underlying diseases in the patient [2].


In this study, the concept of online food purchasing is explored where consumers are not required to visit markets to purchase their foods, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. Thus, the purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between perceived e-service quality and related customer service outcomes in online shopping context. The influence of sustainable marketing practices in terms of perceived e-service quality (ESQ), perceived usefulness of online reviews (PUO), brand self-connection (BSC), personal innovativeness (PRI), and willingness to pay for online food services (WPO) has largely been neglected in the previous studies. The present study proposes a conceptual model to fill this gap and empirically examines how ESQ affects PUO, BSC, WPO, and e-word-of-mouth (e-WOM) of food delivery service brands. An online questionnaire survey was conducted with 423 customers utilizing the PLS-SEM-based approach to determine product indicators. Empirical results reveal that ESQ significantly influence BSC and PUO. In the same vein, PUO significantly influence BSC, while BSC significantly influence e-WOM and WPO. The results further indicate that PRI moderates the relationship between ESQ and BSC. In a post-pandemic context, our analysis indicates enormous implications for food service delivery brands in emerging economies. Online food service providers should consider reviewers' opinions about the products and services they offer and encourage their customers to write positive reviews of the products and services they offer.


Full members comprise 60% of the bargaining unit, with the rest agency-fee payers. The highest decisionmaking body is the Executive Council, which consists of the elected department stewards plus the Executive Board officers. This entity sets policy and deals with overarching issues and concerns, while the nine board officers handle daily activities. Recently, the union has made a concerted and relatively successful effort to involve members in union business and to disseminate power from the board to the council: after several years of a staff-dominated union in which members had little control, in 1996 committed GTFF volunteers led a charge to make the union more member-driven and responsive. An upheaval in GTFF governance continues today as the council works steadily to expand membership participation through a transition to an organizing model of unionism and a renewed focus on issue-driven organizing.


An ultra-wideband planar tightly coupled phased arrays (TCPAs) with extremely low cross polarization is proposed in this paper. Different from previously reported TCPAs, the adjacent elements of the proposed array are not only tightly coupled in current excited direction, but also connected in the orthogonal direction. The infinite array achieves a 5.4:1 bandwidth for VSWR<3.1: 1 while scanning from −45° to 45° in all planes, with the cross polarization level < −65 dB along E plane scanning and < −30 dB along H plane scanning. A prototype for a 10 × 10 planar array was fabricated and measured, and reasonable agreement with the simulation results is obtained.


A pulse-compression echo sounder (PCES) has been developed and used in two ocean bottom surveys. The PCES transmitted a chirp signal, i.e., a frequency-modulated signal, instead of a gated sine wave. The returned echo was correlated with the stored replica of the transmitted signal in the polarity coincidence Deltic correlator. The bandwidth of the chirp signal was 1.6 kc/s centered at 12 kc/s. The chirp duration was 20 msec, the peak power during the pulse was 800 watts, and the pulse-compression ratio was 32:1. The results show that the system provides (1) a fine resolution of closely spaced bottom and sub-bottom surfaces in the deep ocean, (2) improvement in signal-to-noise ratio over the conventional echo sounders, and (3) sub-bottom penetration of up to 30 meters and a qualitative indication of the bottom surface roughness. Typical sections of the data are given.


The advent of the Internet is a boon to society. However, many of its banes cannot be undermined, cyberbullying being one of them. The emotional state and sentiment of a person have a significant influence on the intended content. The current work is the first attempt in investigating the role of sentiment and emotion information for identifying cyberbullying in the Indian scenario. From Twitter, a benchmark Hind–English code-mixed corpus called BullySentEmo has been developed as there is no dataset available labeled with bully, sentiment, and emotion. Moreover, emoji information available with tweet texts can provide better understanding of user intention. The developed dataset consists of both modalities, tweet text, and emoji. In India, the majority of communication on different social media platforms is based on Hindi and English and language switching is a common practice in digital communication. An attention-based multimodal, adversarial multitasking framework is proposed for cyberbully detection (CBD) considering two auxiliary tasks: sentiment analysis (SA) and emotion recognition (ER). Experimental results indicate that compared to unimodal and single-task variants, the proposed framework improves the performance of the main task, i.e., CBD, by 3.59% and 2.56% in terms of accuracy and F1-Score, respectively. Furthermore, two different benchmark datasets (Twitter dataset and Aggression dataset) have been considered to show the robustness of our proposed model.


The paper is a descriptive study of the phonetic structure and of the intonation of Latin-American and European Spanish. In the first and second parts the Hispanic domain is divided into six main linguistic areas (together with their internal subdivisions). The global diasystem is formed by two main phonological and tonological systems considered as the standard reference parameters : the Atlantic one for the similar varieties of American and Southern Spain, and the Peninsular one for the more conservative varieties of Central and Northern Spain. The third part gives the regional characteristics when they differ from the two standard forms


Fine‐needle sampling, although a practical and noninvasive method of tissue acquisition, has rarely been used for HER‐2/neu fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH). To assess HER‐2/neu gene amplification in mammary carcinoma, FISH signals on cytology and corresponding tissue biopsies were detected visually and measured by image analysis. The results were correlated with patient and tumor characteristics.


Job satisfaction is a complex, multifaceted concept influenced by both positive and negative experiences at workplace. This study is a context based study, aimed at understanding the mindset of the professors in a government institution. To accomplish the mentioned objective, Oldham and Hackman's job characteristic model and Bagozzi reciprocal model have been adopted in this study and a causal model has been formed. It was observed from the results of the model that majority of the faculty felt stronger about their sense of work responsibility due to the autonomy experienced in doing the job, which also provided them a sense of contentment. On the contrary, they were uncertain about the meaningfulness of their jobs while task identity and task significance were assessed. Faculty also indicated a strong desire to experience stimulating work and the opportunity to exercise creativity and self-determining thought. Despite appreciating the feedback received from colleagues the faculty members were least satisfied with pay and overall satisfaction with the job. The study thus unravels the knot whether job satisfaction influences job performance or vice-versa.


This article describes a detailed analysis of knowledge building in a problem-based learning group. Knowledge building involves increasing the collective knowledge of a group through social discourse. For knowledge building to occur in the classroom, the teacher needs to create opportunities for constructive discourse in order to support student learning and collective knowledge building. In problem-based learning, students learn through collaborative problem solving and reflecting on their experiences. The setting for this study is a group of second-year medical students working with an expert facilitator. The analysis was designed to understand how the facilitator provided opportunities for knowledge-building discourse and how the learners accomplished collective knowledge building. We examined episodes of knowledge-building discourse, the questions and statements that the students and facilitator generated throughout the tutorial, the change in their understanding of the problem that they were solving, and the collective knowledge that was constructed. The results indicate that the group worked to progressively improve their ideas through engaging in knowledge-building discourse. The facilitator helped support knowledge building through asking open-ended metacognitive questions and catalyzing group progress. Students took responsibility for advancing the group's understanding as they asked many high-level questions and built on each others thinking to construct collaborative explanations. The results of this study provide suggestions for orchestrating knowledge-building discourse.