Various studies have emphasized the use of methods, tools and techniques for innovation (MTF-I), which represent an essential factor for a successful innovation process. These MTF-Is represent a variety of tools, techniques and methods that help organizations adapt to circumstances and face market challenges in a systematic manner. The innovation process is generally divided into three parts: innovation front-end, development, and implementation. Many of these MTF-Is are applied to project management to address project objectives in the various phases of the innovation process. The aim of this study is to identify which MTF-Is are used in project management based on the study conducted at PMI (2014) and to verify in which phases of the innovation process and in which of the ten knowledge areas they are used. Considering this, it was verified that 141 MTF-Is were cited, where many of these can be used in the various phases of the innovation process and in the different knowledge areas, with the objective of aiding in the fulfillment of the project requirements in a systematic manner. It was also identified that the documented MTF-Is were classified into six categories depending on the focus of each: customer integration; research and development; quality and logistics; purchases; project management; and exchange. Aspects to be addressed in future studies are proposed at the end of the article.


Pedicab drivers as one of the informal sector professions in the field of transportation services experience socio-economic problems, especially in meeting the needs of family life. This is due to their small and uncertain income in a day. To overcome these economic problems, they carry out various strategies to survive. This study aims to determine; Pedicab Driver Socio-Economic Conditions and Becak Driver Survival Strategies. Data was collected by observation, interviews, questionnaires and documentation. The population of this study was 175 pedicab drivers in Mamajang District with a sample of 44 pedicab drivers. The sampling technique used is the Non-Probability Accidental Sampling technique. The results showed that the adaptive strategy of pedicab drivers in an effort to meet their daily needs was saving family expenses which included; buy cheap groceries, find odd jobs and repair their own rickshaw breakdowns; the use of social networks such as borrowing money when experiencing difficulties, asking for a rickshaw rental fee to be reduced to pedicab owners, cheap rented houses, and the last one is taking advantage of government assistance programs such as BLT, distribution of free basic necessities and school scholarships.


Background: Hepatitis C is an emerging infectious disease all over the world especially in the developing countries. HCV is a blood borne virus, well known risk factors include blood transfusion, injection drug abuse, chronic haemodialysis patients. HCV is a single stranded positive sense RNA virus, belongs to family flaviviridae and genus Hepacivirus. Haemodialysis patients are the high risk group due to prolonged vascular access and contaminated equipments.Methods: The present study was retrospective conducted from June 2019 to 31 July 2020 in the Department of Microbiology, Government Medical College, Amritsar. Clinical, demographic and geographical data of the renal disease patients admitted to the hospital for haemodialysis was recorded and analysed. The patients were tested for HCV by Third Generation ELISA.Results: In the present study, out of enrolled 186 patients, 12 were HCV positive (0.06%). Prevalence of Hepatitis C infection in haemodialysis patients is   associated with gender distribution more in females (72%) than males (62%), preponderance of HCV infection was observed in age group 41-60 years (69%) followed by 21-40 years (23%),more rural (85%) distribution. Diabetes (19%), hypertension (25%) and chronic kidney disease (63%) were the associated comorbid conditions.Conclusions: The overall HCV sero prevalence was observed to be 0.06%, this low prevalence can be attributed to the fact that increased awareness regarding the disinfection of dialysis machines by improving the surveillance system of HCV and better education of nurses in dialysis units. HD patients should be routinely screened for HCV infection.


Jeffrey Race was born in Norwalk, Connecticut, in 1943. After attending that city's public schools, he graduated from Harvard College in 1965 with a bachelor's degree in government. While at Harvard, Race was a member of the Reserve Officers Training Corps (ROTC), and he served on active duty in the United States Army in Vietnam during 1965–1967. He returned to Vietnam as a civilian in 1967–1968 to conduct the research that led to his classic 1972 study, War Comes to Long An: Revolutionary Conflict in a Vietnamese Province.1 He worked as a contractor for the Advanced Research Projects Agency of the United States Department of Defense in Bangkok during 1968–1969, and received his doctorate in political science from Harvard in 1973. Race spent 1973–1976 as a Southeast Asia fellow of the Institute for Current World Affairs and 1979–1980 as a research fellow at the Australian National University. He has lived primarily in Bangkok since the early 1970s, served as a political and business consultant, and lectured widely both in the United States and Asia. He is the founder and president of Cambridge Electronics Laboratories in Somerville, Massachusetts.2 The University of California Press recently published an "Updated and Expanded" edition of War Comes to Long An.3 Prior to its release, Race met with Michael Montesano in Bangkok on February 20–21, 2010, for a wideranging discussion of the origins—personal and intellectual—of his book.4


In natural mixed forests in Hokkaido, the annual mortality of overstory trees has frequently been less than 1% in basal area (Kubota 2000; Yoshida et al. 2006). Nevertheless, extreme mortality occasionally results from strong winds. Such a large disturbance can destroy stand structure; alternatively, it can contribute to sporadic regeneration of several tree species in mixed stands. Together with canopy gap formation, the supply of fallen logs and tip-up mounds is recognized as a significant process through offering seedlings a favorable establishment condition.


Field experiments were conducted in the Mahadeva hills of Manipur to study the seasonal incidence and control of pod-borer (Euborellia annulipes Lucas)and 'Tikka' disease (Cercospora spp.) of groundnut. Fortnightly $owing of the crop showed low incidence of this insect and disease in April and early May sowings. Disease mul-tiplication, however, was faster as compared to insect in the later sowings and resul-ted into very low pod ard kernel yield. It was, therefore, indicated that the applica-tion of pesticides was unavoidable to restore the yield.


Physical education teachers' (N = 9) beliefs and implementation of competitive activities for middle school multicultural student populations (Grades 6-8) in physical education class in the Greater New York area were examined. Data were collected by nonparticipant observation and field notes, two semistructured interviews, and postobservation informal interviews. The theory of reasoned action guided the study. Three themes emerged: competitive activities, an introduction to culture; using demonstration to teach competitive activity skills to diverse students; and creating community. Successful instruction of diverse students was observed; however, fully incorporating cultural relevance through competitive activities was not fully demonstrated.


This paper investigates the demand function for residential water in Tunisia, using the discrete/continuous choice model. The analysis uses data for all Tunisian governorates. The main empirical results suggest that water demand is both price and income inelastic, but with high elasticity values (in an absolute sense) estimated for the non-coastal governorates compared to the coastal governorates. Overall, one may argue that combined pricing and non-pricing policies should be implemented in order to save water resources. However, some disparities between Tunisian governorates should be taken into account when applying these policies in order to reach social equity in water consumption.


All ground control monuments utilized for the PSLC King County Lidar dataset. Ground control monuments are used to provide redundant control within 13 nautical miles of mission areas for Lidar flights, as well as the collection of ground control points using real-time kinematic (RTK) and post-precessed kinematic (PPK) survey techniques. Data was processed in reference to NAD83 (CORS96), however the horizontal datum for this dataset is defined as NAD83 (HARN) as the difference is generally small and allows for greater ease of use with data in different datums. The vertical datum is NAVD88, Geoid 03, and the data is projected in Washington State Plane North. Units are in US Survey Feet. Quantum Spatial collected the PSLC King County LiDAR data for the Puget Sound LiDAR Consortium between 02/24/16 and 05/25/17.


Abstract This paper compares the performance of three different types of periodic binary sequences in the identification of the Best Linear Approximation of a nonlinear system. The signal types considered are discrete interval random binary sequences (DIRBS), maximum length binary sequences (MLBS) and inverse-repeat binary sequences (IRBS). It is found that MLBS's offer advantages when experiment time limitation prohibits a large amount of averaging. IRBS's have the advantage that even order nonlinear contributions do not affect the quality of the estimate, but the disadvantage of either a longer experiment time or a lower frequency resolution.


Fragment distributions resulting from Au+Au collisions at an incident energy of E/A=600 MeV are studied. A temperature scale was derived from observed yield ratios of He and Li isotopes. The relation between this isotope temperature and the excitation energy of the system exhibits a behavior which is expected for a phase transition. The nuclear vapor regime takes over at an excitation energy of 10 MeV per nucleon, a temperature of 5 MeV and may be characterized by a density of 0.15-0.3 normal nuclear density. Stimulated by the van der Waals behavior of the nucleon-nucleon force 1, 2, 3] and supported by the observation of a power law for the produced fragments in proton induced


In view of the unsystematic,narrow and impractical situation of the existing TCM diagnosis system and the progress in the intelligent processing techniques for TCM syndrone differentiation,the paper analyses the advantage of the Intelligent processing techniques for TCMSD using the AI technology—soft computing,and provides the main soft computing techniques for constructing the intelligent processing system for TCMSD.


At the JpGU Meeting 2017, we reported the discovery of numerous fragments (<~3 mm in size) of stony meteorites and impact spherules of basalt in the lowest (i.e., the earliest) ~70 m section of the submarine Apex Basalt that overlies the ~110 m-thick Marble Bar Chert Member (MBCM; ca. 3.46 Ga in age) in the ABDP #1 drill core, which was recovered in 2003 at Marble Bar, Pilbara, Western Australia. We suggested that the asteroid body that produced the meteorite fragments was >10 km in diameter, impacted at ~40 km E of Marble Bar, terminated the deposition of the MBCM, and created a crater ("The Apex Impact Crater") more than ~100 km in diameter. To test this hypothesis, in the summer of 2018 we conducted a geological survey of the proposed "Apex Impact Crater" utilizing a drone equipped with a high-resolution (4K) camera. Our survey has revealed the presence of "impact tsunami deposits" at the boundary of the MBCM and the Apex Basalt. They are ~1-40 m thick, extending at least 20 km along the strike in the Marble Bar area. They contain numerous fragments (<5 mm size) of stony meteorites, together with various-sized (<1 mm to ~10 m), generally angular-shaped, fragments and blocks of the MBCM. We have also discovered ~15-40 m thick "impact tsunami deposits" underlying the Apex Basalt at ~80 km SE of Marble Bar. Numerous fractures (mostly perpendicular to the bedding planes, and many extending to 100s of meter into the underlying Duffer Formation), the dislocations and rotations of the MBCM in ~cm to ~100 m scales, as well as the "impact tsunami deposits", were most likely created by an asteroid impact.


unflower oil (SFO) seeds of Helianthus annuus L., is a rich source of linoleic acid, which is more susceptible to oxidation of edible oils. Usually antioxidant materials are added to improve the oxidative stability of oils .Mango seeds kernels (MSK) are a sources rich with natural antioxidant compounds. In 2012, the bio-waste was produced by processing industries of mango fruits around 3,932 mT in Egypt. Ethnolic extract of mango seed kernel (MSKE) has been used for stabilization of SFO at three concentrations (mg/kg oil) i.e., 200(MSKE-200), 500(MSKE-500) and1000 ppm (MSKE -1000), while BHT was used at a level of 200ppm (BHT-200) for comparison. Progression oxidation of SFO was followed during accelerated storage at 70°C for 72hr (at intervals of 4hr)by measuring oxidative stability tests: peroxide value(PV), p-anisidene value (P-anv), total oxidation value (TOTOX), acid value (AV) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) . Results of HPLC analysis of MSKE showed that contained 20 compounds of total phenolic content. MSKE at 100ppm had the highest radical-scavenging activity (96.86%) followed by BHT (94.9%) and ascorbic acid (91.5%). The higher levels of MSKE (1000, 500 ppm) provide the best protection against primary and secondary oxidation of SFO samples. The different parameters of oxidative stability were in agreement with each other, suggesting higher efficiency of 1000ppmMSKE˃ 500ppm MSKE ˃ 200ppm BHT˃ 200ppm MSKE ˃ control.


The second meeting of REMCI, the Latin American Regional Network, sponsored by the Journal of Moral Education Trust and the Pontifical Catholic University of Peru, was held in Lima, Peru, on 2–6 March. Experts in moral and citizenship education from Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Mexico, Peru and the UK participated actively in the meeting. Attendees included some who inaugurated the founding meeting held in Monterrey, Mexico in 2008, and also some new participants from countries previously represented, with strong participation by several Peruvian colleagues. The meeting in Lima thus successfully built directly upon the objectives and achievements of the first meeting and during the succeeding year, enabling scholars from the Latin American region to appreciate and share research and curriculum development in moral and citizenship education. The meeting, conducted in Spanish and English, had three main goals: (1) to strengthen the Network, improving awareness, through presentations by all participants and informal exchanges; (2) to encourage and facilitate participation of local colleagues, with several presentations and an interactive symposium with Peruvian academics and students involved in moral and citizenship education; and (3) to engage in further face-to-face intensive collaborative work on the Network's first common project, papers for the JME Special Issue, Moral and Citizenship Education in Latin America, to be published in 2009. In furthering the aims of the Network, participants discussed possible future areas for cooperation, identified potential colleagues to invite to join a virtual network and considered website options and possible funding opportunities. Current Network members are keen to know of others undertaking research and development work in moral and citizenship education in the region, particularly in countries not as yet represented. For further information see the inaugural website http://www. Journal of Moral Education Vol. 38, No. 2, June 2009, pp. 245–246


Excitonic quasi-particles, excitons/trions/bi-excitons, and their coupling with phonons and charge carriers play a crucial role in controlling the optical properties of atomically thin semiconducting 2D materials. In this work, we unravelled the dynamics of excitons/trions and their coupling with phonons and charge carriers in a few layers vertically and horizontally aligned MoS2. We observed trion signature up to the highest recorded temperature (330 K) in both systems and have shown that the dynamics of excitons/trions and their coupling with phonons and electrons are more affected in vertically aligned MoS2. A homogeneous linewidth broadening is observed with an increase in temperature. The linewidth broadening is attributed mainly to acoustic phonons in a low-temperature regime (<100 K). In contrast, acoustic and longitudinal optical phonons contributions to the linewidth broadening are observed at high temperature. We also observed the significant effects of interlayer coupling in both systems via understanding the temperature-dependent valence band splitting and trion binding energy. A decrease of 22 and 12% in valence band splitting with temperature rise is observed for the vertically and horizontally aligned MoS2, respectively, suggesting that the valence band splitting is affected more in the case of vertically than horizontally aligned. Furthermore, we also notice a significant thermal quenching in the intensity of the trion band than that of exciton bands, attributed to the small binding energy of the trion.


Introduction: The onset of sexual relations at early ages of life involves biological, psychological and social risk that make many families dysfunctional worldwide.  Objective: To determine the influence of family functioning and risky sexual behavior among adolescents in the community of Yanayacu. Material and Methods : An observational, relational, cross-sectional study was conducted to evaluate the influence of family functioning and risky sexual behavior among adolescents in the community of Yanayacu. Results: 49.3% had started their sexual life; the risk behaviors identified were: early onset of sexual life, no condom use, and more than two sexual partners with a P <0.05, according to sex. As for prevention knowledge of these behaviors, they mostly mentioned the use of condoms, but less than 40% used them; 54% of sexually active adolescents belonged to dysfunctional and moderately functional families with an extended family typology. Conclusions: Extended families with dysfunctional and moderately functional family dynamics, cause a greater frequency of risky sexual behaviors. The level of communication, warmth and closeness play a very important role as protectors of these behaviors. Keywords: Adolescence, risky sexual behaviors, family functioning.


ABSTRACT Asmara Sari, 2014 GROSSE NOTARY DEED ARE MADE AS IN RECOGNITION OF DEBT CREDIT AGREEMENT WITH BANK RAKYAT INDONESIA SAMARINDA. Faculty of Law, University Seventeen August 1945 Samarinda. Supervisor: (1) Abdul MUNIF SH., M. Hum. (2) Sastiono Kesek, SH, LLM.  In the application or implementation is not easy to determine whether grosse deed filed in compliance with the formal requirements and substantive. Especially with regard to the material requirements of the deed grosse. In practice many problematic because of developments in their society grosse deed which is based on a credit agreement of the bank as a principal agreement. Grosse deed of acknowledgment of debt that is overlaid with other agreements such as the power to sell and or authority to install the security rights and others in the grosse deed is not allowed because it causes ambiguous in execution, namely whether the execution was carried out against grosse deed of acknowledgment of debt or the certificate of encumbrance , So this infringe the rules of law set forth in article 224 HIR and fatwa MA No. 213/229/85 / UM-TU / Pdt April 16, 1985 so grosse deed of acknowledgment of debt was not pure debt acknowledgment debtor to the creditor a certain amount and cause the debt recognition grosse deed null and void and the implementation of the execution can not be carried out. And the payment in installments, interest and penalties and other costs to the cost of execution that is overlaid in one grosse deed of acknowledgment of debt can not be justified in accordance with the nature of grosse deed that must be purely unilateral statement of the debtor that recognizes owe certain amount of money to the creditors in accordance with its rules in article 224 HIR and fatwa MA No. 213/229/85 / UM-TU / Pdt April 16, 1985, while the inclusion of a clause on payment in installments, interest and penalties and other costs to the cost of execution should be included in the deed of loan agreement only. The execution procedure grosse deed of acknowledgment of debt does not have to go through the District Court, but in practice it often happens that an application for recognition grosse deed of loan must first pass through the court process and can not be directly applied for the execution of grosse deed of acknowledgment of debt and it will take a long time. While the government bank Bank Rakyat Indonesia Branch Samarinda then be handed over to KPKLN and PUPN, even so when the instasi filed a lawsuit to the District Court, the Court should not be refused on the grounds is not the authority of the Court.


A double antibody version of CLISA was demonstrated to be a rapid method (1 h) for detection and quantitative determination of Clostridium botulinum toxin antigens in biological samples. The sensitivity of this assay is about ten-fold higher than both ELISA and passive hemagglutination test. Thus, the double antibody version of CLISA appeared to be useful for the control of food products contaminated with Cl. botulinum type A bacteria.


In this paper we discuss the effects of radiation, double dispersion and MHD on heat and mass transfer in a mixed convective Newtonian flow over a semi infinite vertical plate embedded in a non-Darcy porous medium. The basic governing equations are made dimensionless by introducing similarity variable and transformations. The resulting equations are then solved numerically by fourth order Runge-Kutta method coupled with shooting technique. Velocity, Temperature and Concentration profiles against the similarity variable are shown graphically. Also the profiles of heat and mass transfer against the mixed convection parameter are shown graphically.


Composite is one of the predominant material for most challenging engineering components. Most of the components are in the place of automobile structure, aircraft structures, and wind turbine blade and so on. At the same all the components are indulged to mechanical loading. Recent research on composite material are machinability, wear, tear and corrosion studies. One of the major issue on recent research was solid particle air jet erosion. In this paper hybrid composite material with and without filler. The fibre are in the combination of hemp – kevlar (60:40 wt.%) as reinforcement using epoxy as a matrix. The natural material palm and coconut shell are used as filler materials in the form of crushed powder. The process parameter involved are air jet velocity, volume of erodent and angle of impingement. Experiment performed are in eight different combinations followed from 2k (k = 3) factorial design. From the investigation surface morphology was studied using electron microscope. Mass change with respect to time are used to calculate wear rate and the influence of the process parameters. While solid particle erosion the hard particle impregnates in soft matrix material. Influence of filler material has reduced the wear and compared to plain natural composite material.


Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text Objective: The aims of the present study were to identify independent risk factors for conduit occlusion, compare outcomes of different AC placement sites, and investigate whether postoperative platelet antiaggregation is protective. Background: Arterial conduits (AC) in liver transplantation (LT) offer an effective rescue option when regular arterial graft revascularization is not feasible. However, the role of the conduit placement site and postoperative antiaggregation is insufficiently answered in the literature. Study Design: This is an international, multicenter cohort study of adult deceased donor LT requiring AC. The study included 14 LT centers and covered the period from January 2007 to December 2016. Primary endpoint was arterial occlusion/patency. Secondary endpoints included intra- and perioperative outcomes and graft and patient survival. Results: The cohort was composed of 565 LT. Infrarenal aortic placement was performed in 77% of ACs whereas supraceliac placement in 20%. Early occlusion (≤30 days) occurred in 8% of cases. Primary patency was equivalent for supraceliac, infrarenal, and iliac conduits. Multivariate analysis identified donor age >40 years, coronary artery bypass, and no aspirin after LT as independent risk factors for early occlusion. Postoperative antiaggregation regimen differed among centers and was given in 49% of cases. Graft survival was significantly superior for patients receiving aggregation inhibitors after LT. Conclusion: When AC is required for rescue graft revascularization, the conduit placement site seems to be negligible and should follow the surgeon's preference. In this high-risk group, the study supports the concept of postoperative antiaggregation in LT requiring AC.


This paper summarized the investigation aspect of high speed trimaran hydrodynamics and hull form during recent 20 years from the trimaran wave resistance numerical calculation,resistance characteristic analysis,influence of the outrigger arrangement on the resistance,seakeeping performance,maneuverability,CFD and model test application,etc.,with the emphasis laid in the later 2000s.Several conclusions are attained,as are about the investigation aspect evaluation and the development trend forecast for high speed trimaran hydrodynamics and hull form.


There are about 1087 species of 479 genera among 126 families of the native vascular plants in the midsouth of Shandong province.This flora has temperate property obviously.


ABSTRACT: Bees are very important insects for agriculture, fulfilling an important role in pollination and renewal of the ecosystem. However, in several countries significant losses of colonies and population decline of honeybees and native bees have been reported in recent years. Most researchers reported that premature losses are linked to several factors, including viruses that have a great impact on the colonies. This article reports the identification of new viruses, some transmission routes, the association of these parasites with the symptoms of the diseases that affect the health of honeybees, as well as viruses that have been described in Brazil.


Obstacle detection is one of the key problems in the autonomous movement of intelligent mobile robot. This paper focuses on the study of obstacle detection in the complex apple orchard. First, using L ∗ a ∗ b ∗ (colour space for non-self-illuminated, named by CIE 1976 L ∗ a ∗ b ∗ or CIELAB) colour model to represent the apple orchard image, the obstacles in the robot's walking area can be effectively segmented from the complex background by one-dimensional fuzzy entropy image segmentation algorithm. Then, the coordinate of the point close to the robot of the obstacle is obtained. Finally, the distance between the robot and the obstacle is estimated using the inverse perspective transformation. The experimental results show that the maximum absolute error is 7.87cm and the maximum relative error is 6.53%. The results can meet the accuracy requirements of the intelligent mobile application for an apple orchard robot.


Dalmatinella simonae is a recently described species from Lake Sladinac and the river Cetina (Croatia). New findings from the rivers Cetina, Neretva and Ruda indicate a wider distribution of this species especially in comparison with its relative D. fluviatilis, known only from a short section of the river Zrmanja. Its occurrence is also probable in the river Neretva in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Barcoding analysis, using mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI), confirmed the occurrence of this species in new sites, and the nearly complete lack of genetic divergence.

https://www.foliamalacologica.com/pdf-152816-78097?filename=Notes on the distribution.pdf


iii Foreword It is a pleasure for me to introduce the third occasional paper published by the Financial Stability Institute. The purpose of these papers is to create an awareness of, and provide information on, topics of interest to financial sector supervisors. For this third paper in our series, the Financial Stability Institute is pleased that a member of its own staff worked closely with our colleagues at the BIS Representative Office for Asia and the Pacific. This joint effort has produced a paper that describes the use of government owned asset management companies to reduce the level of problem assets in banking systems. In doing so, it draws on the recent experiences of several Asian countries as they worked to deal with problem assets arising from the Asian financial crisis. The paper examines the common characteristics and differences in the Asian government owned asset management companies. By looking at the framework for the establishment of each country's asset management company, the transfer of assets to it, its resolution of those assets and financing issues, the authors are able to identify a number of important factors that contribute to the successful operation of an asset management company. The issues discussed in this paper are critical for not only banking supervisors, but also others who are involved in financial sector stability since asset management companies are typically only used in response to significant banking sector problems. The issues raised in this paper will be discussed at a high-level meeting of central bankers, banking supervisors and other government officials being held in Bangkok in February 2004. Jason George is a Senior Financial Sector Specialist at the BIS Financial Stability Institute in Basel, Switzerland. He has served in this role since 2001, working with banking supervisors, principally in emerging market countries, to assist them in strengthening their supervisory capacity. Previously he worked for the International Monetary Fund as an adviser for three years to the Bank of Thailand, and for KPMG, advising the Croatian National Bank. In addition, he was a banking supervisor for the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation in the United States. Stefan Hohl is a Senior Economist focusing on banking regulation and supervision at the BIS Representative Office for Asia and the Pacific in Hong Kong SAR. Before joining the BIS he worked at the Deutsche Bundesbank in Frankfurt as a banking supervisor. Prior to this, he gained market experience while …


AbstractLarge-amplitude stratospheric gravity waves over the southern Andes and Drake Passage, as observed by the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) on 8–9 August 2010, are modeled and studied using a deep (0–70 km) version of the Coupled Ocean–Atmosphere Mesoscale Prediction System (COAMPS) model. The simulated tropospheric waves are generated by flow over the high central Andes ridge and the Patagonian peaks in the southern Andes. Some waves emanating from Patagonia propagate southeastward across Drake Passage into the stratosphere over a horizontal distance of more than 1000 km. The wave momentum flux is characterized by a tropospheric maximum over Patagonia that splits into two comparable maxima in the stratosphere: one located directly over the terrain and the other tilting southward with altitude.Using spatial ray-tracing techniques and flow conditions derived from the numerical simulation, the authors find that waves that originate from the high ridge in the Central Andes are absorbed by a critica...


The aim of this thesis is to investigate why the Swedish Armed Forces (Forsvarsmakten) still consist of so few women. This is done by analysing the Armed Forces' documents regarding equality. The hypothesis is that there are discourses concerning gender and women in the organization which reproduce stereotypical dichotomies of men and women. By using Fairclough's critical discourse analysis I have discovered three discourses. The first examines how some words and concepts are included in the documents while others are not, creating consensus rather than conflict. The second discourse investigates the way women are seen as a complementary resource and the third concerns the women abroad, where the Swedish female soldiers are seen as a tool of gaining equality in the conflict areas. The result I have reached is that women in the Armed Forces are constructed as different from men and that men constitute the norm. The work that has been put into equality has – instead of questioning the organisational structure and culture – adapted around it, leading women to still being excluded. I suggest that further actions need to be taken in order to break the tight linkage between masculinity and militarism, possibly by adopting gender quotas.


Aims: The study examined actions taken by young people to deal with mental disorders and the factors associated with help‐seeking and self‐help behaviours.


A SERIES OF LABORATORY EXPERIMENTS WERE PERFORMED TO DETERMINE RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN ALTERNATE BAR GEOMETRY, BED MATERIAL PROPERTIES AND HYDRAULIC PARAMETERS. THE EXPERIMENTS WERE CONDUCTED IN A RECIRCULATING LABORATORY FLUME 100 FT. LONG AND 3 FT. WIDE. THE FLUME HAD SMOOTH RIGID WALLS AND A MOVABLE BED. SAND, EXPANDED CLAY AGGREGATE AND PLASTIC PELLETS WERE USED AS BED MATERIALS. A LINEAR RELATIONSHIP EXISTED BETWEEN THE LOGARITHM OF THE DIMENSIONLESS PARAMETER DELTA S/D AND THE FROUDE NUMBER, WHERE DELTA IS THE MEANDERING WAVE LENGTH, S IS THE SLOPE AND D IS THE MEAN DEPTH. /ASCE/


A disordered short-range Ising model on the diamond hierarchical lattice, where the magnetic coupling constants Jij = ±1 occur with probabilities p and 1− p, is investigated within a transfer-matrix based framework. Results are obtained after the evaluation of a large number of independent samples, where each individual coupling constant is randomly chosen according to the given probability distribution. The iteration of an exact set of discrete maps leads to the values of thermodynamic functions until a large but finite generation. An approximate scheme is developed to extend the results for each individual sample to the thermodynamic limit. Thermodynamic functions are evaluated and the T , p phase diagram is obtained on the basis of the behavior of the correlation length. The critical value pN for the emergence of magnetic ordering is found to lie on the Nishimori line, and a small reentrant effect is observed. The exponent is evaluated for several values of p. Exact log-periodic oscillations, found when p=1, vanish rapidly as p decreases.


In new era we should fully realize the important position and function of the traditional physical culture of minority nationality in economy and social development and energetically develop the traditional physical culture and traditional culture and exploit the traditional physical culture industries of minority nationality in the light of important "Three-Representative" thought and by regarding 2008 Olympic Games as a turning point.


The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of transformational leadership and information technology on organizational learning and organizational change and its impact on employee job satisfaction at PT. Pupuk Kaltim. The study is conducted by analyzing the effect between variables consisting of 2 (two) exogenous variables: Transformational Leadership (X1) and Information Technology (X2), and 3 (three) endogenous variables: Organizational Learning (Y1), Organizational Change (Y2) and Employee Job Satisfaction (Y3). This study is designed to answer the problem statements that have been formulated. The study method is an explanatory research. The population is employees of PT. Pupuk Kaltim, where the size of its sample is of 207 respondents. The data is collected using proportional stratified random sampling method to find the effect between exogenous variables and endogenous variables. The findings of the study are from the 9 (nine) hypotheses tested, 8 (eight) hypotheses have significantly affected on the variables studied. The only one which has no significant effect is Transformational Leadership on Employee Job Satisfaction, where it needs to be mediated by organizational learning and organizational change.


LonMaps is an information system for a crime and accident mapping system based on news articles, which enables extraction of certain information items from the news article. To realize the system, four types of information items are extracted, which are crimes/accidents (incidents), places, dates, and personal names. For capturing incidents, a thesaurus consisting of two types of terms, daily and legal terms, is used. Daily terms are used in daily life, while legal terms are used in legal situations. Places, dates, and personal names are extracted on the basis of typical news report patterns. Finally, experiments are performed using LonMaps to evaluate its effectiveness of processing queries and of extracting information items. Keywords—crime and accident map; news article; thesaurus; sentence pattern; extraction.


Objective To determine the survival and activity of T lymphocyte in receptor after allogene hemopoietic stem cell transplantation by dynamic observation of leukemia peripheric T lymphocyte Ag NORs content in allogene immune trasplantation therapy. Methods Using KL tumor immunity image analyzer and correlative cell culture, argentaffin stain. Results The difference of Ag NORs contents at different stages in transplantation had a statistical signiffcance( P 0.01). Compared by Tukey statistical analysis, the differences between pre pretreatment stage and post pretreatment stage, and ten days after immunosuppressive therapy were statistical significant( P 0.01); the difference between post pretreatment stage and all stage after transplantation was statistical significant( P 0.01); the difference between post transplantation stage and ten days, one month after immunosuppressive therapy was statistical significant( P 0.01). Conclusion Ag NORs determination can accurately reflect the cellular immunity state of leukemia in allogene immune transplantation therapy. It is valuable in the judgment of therapeutic effect, immuno depressant application and individual therapy.


This paper will write about crimes committed by thugs in criminological studies. The purpose of this study are the factors that cause thugs to commit crimes in Batangtoru and head sector police  made by the Batangtoru police sector against thugs in Batangtoru. The research method is normative which studies the study of documents using secondary data such as statutory regulations. Based on the results of this study found factors causing thugs to commit crimes in Batangtoru regarding environmental factors, economic factors, educational factors, alcoholic drinks (alcohol). In addition, regarding crimes of thugs in Batangtoru such as the availability of free time that cannot be used for other activities, consumptive lifestyles that are accompanied by reduced work interest or job opportunities. Whereas the efforts to overcome thuggery in Batangtoru, namely the Batangtoru Sector Police, have taken preventive and repressive measures. In addition to preventive measures, the Batangtoru Police Station also took repressive efforts to crack down on thuggery actions that occurred in the community. Repressive efforts are carried out by carrying out street crime operations by raiding and cracking down on thugs in the community.


Media is something that cannot be separated from a learning process. When using media, there needs to be variety so that students do not get bored. This research aims to prove that using Animaker media as a medium in learning can produce animated video works that are easy to understand and interesting for students and can be used as teaching materials that are effective for use in the learning process. This research is a quasi-experiment (one group pretest-posttest design). The main instrument in the researcher's own research was carried out to test the validity and effectiveness of the learning videos used, validity trials were carried out using questionnaires, questionnaires were given to respondents and then analyzed by the researcher, as well as the results of student tests which were carried out using pretest and posttest then The participants' pretest and posttest results were taught for analysis by the researcher in tabular form. The subjects of this research were class III students at SDN 07 Sntuk Toboh Gadang, totaling 20 students. Based on the results of data analysis, the results obtained were 1) the average score from the pretest test results with a percentage of 59.6% which was included in the "sufficient" category; 2) the average score from the posttest results with a percentage of 76% which is included in the "good/decent" category; 3) the average score from the results of using a questionnaire to measure the level of effectiveness of the application used with a percentage of 95.375% which is included in the "very feasible" category.


Introduction: We observed small meltwaterinduced debris flows on the lee slopes of large dunes at the 67° N latitude Great Kobuk Sand Dunes (GKSD) in Kobuk Valley, Alaska. They bear a striking resemblance to debris flows with fresh-appearing gullies or erosion tracks that occur on the slopes of several midto high-latitude dune fields in both Martian hemispheres. Snow partially to fully blankets the GKSD for ~70% of the year, which likely has direct analogy to hydrocryospheric factors that generate debris flows on Mars. The high-latitude, cold-climate GKSD are a valuable terrestrial system within which to conduct an analog study focused on understanding the integrated factors that generate debris-flow gullies on the slopes of Martian aeolian dunes. In this abstract we build upon our related work presented at the 43 rd Lunar and Planetary Science Conference [1]. Martian Gullies: Recent analysis of High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment (HiRISE) and Mars Orbiter Camera (MOC) images by several researchers has revealed the possibility of niveo-aeolian deposits, denivation features, and debris-flow gullies on Martian sand dunes [2–11]. Whether contemporary meteorological conditions on Mars are capable of generating liquid water on the surface is a complex matter yet to be resolved to the satisfaction of most researchers [2, 3, 9, 12–15]. Other hypotheses employ liquid CO2, CO2 frost, or dry granular flows as the primary agent driving the formation of these gullies [11–12, 14–15]. Kobuk Valley Climate and Meteorology: The climate at the GKSD is subarctic and semiarid (mean annual air temperature: –4°C; mean annual precipitation: 360 mm) with long, cold winters (January mean: –20°C) and brief, warm summers (July mean: 15°C) [16, 17]. Meteorological data from the Kavet Creek remote automated weather station (located 3.6 km from the northern edge of the GKSD) indicate a bimodal wind regime from the east-southeast during November to April and from the west during May to July [17]. Our field work (March 16–31, 2010) coincided with a period of abundant sunshine, but mean daily temperatures did not rise above the melting point of water [18]. Niveo-aeolian deposits composed of interbedded sand, snow, and ice are a common attribute of coldclimate dunes [19–20]. At the GKSD, these windtransported sand and snow deposits accumulate on the lee slopes of large transverse, longitudinal, and barchanoid dunes. Distinctive morphologic and sedimentologic phenomena called denivation features are produced by the melting of snow and ice present in these deposits. These include spongy and hummocky surfaces, extension cracks, deformed strata, slumping, and compressional structures. Field Observations at the GKSD: During March 2010, we observed niveo-aeolian deposits, denivation features, and small debris flows at the GKSD (Figs. 1 and 2). Small debris flows originate in shallow alcoves near dune crests, become channelized down lee faces, and terminate with depositional fans. Melting niveoaeolian deposits provide a source of liquid water for alluvial processes. Slope aspect and insolation are two factors that control the rate of thawing on southand west-facing slopes.


Preventive dental care is an important part of comprehensive dental care, preventive dental procedures are employed in the practice of dentistry and community dental health programs, that prevents the occurrence of oral diseases and oral abnormalities. It combines regular dental check-ups along with developing good oral hygiene habits. The effective prosthetic prophylaxis includes not only prevention of causes for alveolar bone loss leading to tooth loss but also preventing the defects of oral tissues. As a clinician our aim should not be just treating the area of interest, instead it should include the evaluation of mouth as a whole. This article brings out various concepts regarding preventive aspects of prosthetic dentistry such as prevention at every stage with special considerations in preventing alveolar bone loss.


The fact of homelessness, whose visibility increases along with the growth of cities, is a trouble that humanity has had difficulties in struggling from past to present and cannot be solved. In particular, the injustices accompanied with globalization have brought new classification of poverty to the agenda. The homeless, who are included at the bottom of this classification, are considered as an undesirable segment that society excludes, ignores, or even fears. In recent days, we are witnessing a significant development that has awakened this adverse condition in which the homeless are included. It is unquestionable that this development is the Covid-19 pandemic. "Globalization of this disease",which is expected but not be prepared as much as it seemsand which is brought about by globalization, causes a great devastation for the homeless. Potential for the economic and psychological destruction of the pandemic to cause homelessness, on the one hand, and being at great risk for the homeless both for themselves and for the society they live, on the other hand, are issues that need to be seriously considered and for which appropriate policies should be produced. The study focuses on the fact of homelessness that is not of much interest in Turkey but is a big problem in the context of the Covid-19 pandemic and opens the door to the relevant article on the axis of the dimensions of homelessness in the world and in Turkey.


The invention relates to a flexible discontinuous-body wave absorbing coating and a preparation method. The flexible discontinuous-body wave absorbing coating comprises a flexible substrate and the wave adsorption coating, wherein the flexible substrate has higher wave permeability and bonding capacity; and the wave absorbing coating has a discontinuous-body unit structure, and is formed by directly brushing or rolling and coating coatings containing an absorbent onto the flexible substrate, or is formed by sputtering the absorbent onto the flexible substrate through magnetron sputtering. According to the flexible discontinuous-body wave absorbing coating, due to the discontinuous flexible design of the coating, wave impedance matching between the adsorption coating and a free space is effectively improved; an additional loss mechanism is added, so that the absorbability is greatly improved, and effective absorption band is broadened, and the problems of narrow absorption band and poor absorbability of the wave absorbing coating are solved; and the flexible substrate is adopted so as to be directly pasted for construction when being applied, so that the construction technology is simplified. The flexible discontinuous-body wave absorbing coating is simple to prepare, and has lower cost, stable performance and favorable application prospect.


Abstract A rapid, specific and reliable high performance liquid chromatographic assay of flavoxamine maleate in tablets has been developed. Reversed-phase chromatography was conducted using a mobile phase of 0.05M ammonium acetate and acetonitrile, (40% v/v) and detection at 240nm. The recovery and coefficient of variation from six placebo tablets containing 100 mg of fluvoxamine maleate were 100.56% and 0.439% respectively. Relicate regression analyses of three standard plots in the concentration range of 0.5–12 mcg/ml obtained on three different days gave a correlation coefficient > 0.9997 and the coefficient of variation of the slopes < 0.1%. The assay was precise within day and between days as indicated by ANOVA test. The recoveries from 10 replicate tablets of two commercial tablets (50, 100mg) was 99.2, 101.8 and 100.3% of the label amount and their coefficients of variation were 1.854 and 1.119%.


This article aims to introduce the inverse new XLindley distribution, a further extension of the new XLindley distribution. The article explores various properties of the proposed model, such as the quantile function, stochastic orders, entropies, fuzzy reliability, moments, and stress–strength estimation. The paper also compares different methods of estimating the parameters of the proposed model and evaluates their performance using a simulation study. Moreover, the paper demonstrates the usefulness of the proposed model by applying it to two real datasets. The article shows that the proposed model fits the data better than seven existing models based on model selection criteria, goodness-of-fit test statistics, and graphical visualizations. The paper concludes that the new model can be a valuable tool for modeling and analyzing hazard functions or survival data in various fields and contributing to probability theory and statistical inferences.


According to the recovered soil moisture content in deep soil layers in Luochuan in rainy year,which has been measured by high precision measurement and analyzed layer by layer,the change of soil moisture content under different artificial vegetation in different seasons was studied from January 2004 to May 2005.The result shows that the soil moisture content of surface layer changed obviously with season which was caused by climate and plant growing.It is also shown that the soil moisture content was stable of deep layer under farmland or land once planted pear trees,while it was decreasing continually under apple trees.It can be known that the deep soil moisture content cycles in a low level,which tends to breed dried soil layer in the Loess Plateau.What's more,the direct inducement of dried soil layer is seasonal drought.So "less rainy,higher evaporation" climate is the decision factor that causes dried soil layer.The drought character of semi-humid and semi-arid climate affects the natural geo-environment of Loess Plateau deeply and widely,which should be paid special attention when we take measures in the Loess Plateau.


Electric Energy Systems: Superconductivity Applications (EES) announces on a bimonthly basis the current worldwide information available on electric power applications of superconductor technology.


To help lower the cost of compliance for waste-to-energy facilities, a retrofit technology using water spray temperature reduction combined with dry acid gas control reagent and powdered activated carbon [PAC] injection was tested in November, 1995 as part of an American Society of Mechanical Engineers' [ASME] Center for Research and Technology Development [CRTD] effort supported in part by the Department of Energy's National Renewable Energy Laboratory [NREL] and directed by the ASME Research Committee on Industrial and Municipal Waste. 2,000 mg/dsm{sup 3} @ 7% O{sub 2} (150 lb/hr) of trona (a natural sodium sesquicarbonate ore) injected through a rapid dispersion lance successfully controlled more than 50 percent of the acid gases. This should let facilities under 250 TPD meet the small plant guidelines for acid gas control. Various levels of PAC were injected along with the trona. 300 mg/dsm{sup 3} 7% O{sub 2} of PAC provides a comfortable margin between the emissions limitations achieved and both large and small plant regulatory guidelines for tetra- through octachlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans [PCDD/F] and mercury when the ESP is operated below 350 F. Bi-fluid nozzles were used to spray finely atomized water between the economizer outlet and ESP inlet to maintain temperatures in the desired 300-350 F range. Particulate and metals emissions limitations were met by this 400 ft{sup 2}/1,000 acft{sup 2} specific collector area [SCA], 3-field ESP. Both the water sprays and PAC improved ESP performance. The demonstration was successful. With dry PAC, acid gas reagent injection, and temperature reduction, MWC emissions guidelines for facilities smaller than 250 TPD can be reliably met. Everything except the large facilities SO{sub 2} and HCl guideline emissions limitations was achieved. Better acid gas control should be achievable with more reagent addition if the ESP is efficient enough to avoid violating particulate limits.


This paper aims to analyse the correlation between the two dimensions of motivation (intrinsic and extrinsic), rewards and recognition, and employee performance, being one of the first studies to tackle this problem in the context of the service industry of Southern Romania. The data was collected using a quantitative survey of 161 employees from various service industries, such as retail, hospitality, healthcare, and professional services. The results were analysed using partial least square structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) using SmartPLS4.10 software. Our findings have shown that there is a strong, positive relationship between intrinsic motivation, on the one hand, and extrinsic motivation, on the other hand, and employee satisfaction, as well as between rewards and recognition and extrinsic motivation. Moreover, our research did not find a significant correlation between rewards and recognition and intrinsic motivation, maybe due to the way reward and recognition (RR) was constructed, most items being related to financial, tangible rewards, which tend to have a more significant influence on extrinsic motivation (EM) rather than intrinsic motivation (IM). Our findings might be of use for service managers to better understand how to motivate their employees in order to ensure their maximum performance.


1-The effect of the distances between the Jatropha bushes in the field: the experiment carried out in the Province of Muthanna, where planted on the dimensions of (2meters),and between the planted (1,2 and 3 meters), designed by completed random sectors and three replicates. At the end of the experiment the (2 meters) treatment was significantly exceeded in the most of the traits( the number and the length of the branches, number of leaves, the leaf area of the plant, and chlorophyll content leaves ). 2-The experiment of Irrigation period: that is appropriate during the growing season of the tree. On the basis of the difference in the number of irrigations events (6, 12, and 18 days) in accordance to the designed completed random sectors, and three replications were tested during the year of 2015. Fertilizer applied was 150 kg/ha urea, 100 kg/ha of P2O5 , and 100 kg/ha of K2O. End examined the following attributes (the number of branches of the plant, number of leaves , the leaf area of the plant, chlorophyll content in leaves), the 12 day irrigation interval showed the best performance in terms of tested characteristics.


This paper presents a new system for adverse drug reaction (ADR) monitoring for the elderly. By sorting the medica- tion for the user and dispensing the dosages at the prescribed times ADRs can be prevented before they can occur. The device, named MediMaidTM, may also be used to log symptom informa- tion, which may be useful for diagnosis and emergency situations. The various components of the design function as a whole in order to safely deliver medication to the user in a timely manner. User analysis results indicate that MediMaidTM is a simple, effective and efficient way of delivering medication as well as preventing and monitoring ADRs. Index Terms -- Adverse drug reactions, elderly, medication, tracking


The statistics of Poincare recurrences is studied numerically in a one-dimensional cubic map in the presence of harmonic and noisy excitations. It is shown that the distribution density of Poincare recurrences is periodically modulated by the harmonic force. It is established that the relationship between the Afraimovich–Pesin dimension and Lyapunov exponents is violated in the nonautonomous system.


This review focuses on the physiological response of the gastrointestinal tract which enables it to fulfill the important function of extracting nutrients from the complexity of foods.


Aesthetic is the perceptual body discourse but the system carries with external and imposed color,this two terms should be contradicted.Once they band together,their original independent identities are ambiguous,which is the superiority of this notion.The system which underlies the aesthetics is hard to detect,thus a systematic aesthetics comes into being.The Study of Aesthetic System Problems turns into a starting-point and guides the study from aesthetics to systematic aesthetics.


We report results of a theoretical investigation of the effect of spin‐orbit couplings on the electron spin resonance in carbon nanotubes [1]. Using a low energy field theory analysis we predict a double peak structure for single‐wall tubes, intimately connected to spin‐charge separation, while a single narrow asymmetric peak is expected for multi‐wall tubes.


The detection of nerve fibres in the endometrium of women with endometriosis has led to an interest in studying their relationship with infertility and pain. All studies so far involved in the description of neuronal structures have relied on conventional histological tissue sections. However neuronal networks have rarely been studied in three-dimensions. Biological systems exist and operate in three-dimensional surroundings, therefore it makes good sense to gain access to three-dimensional quantitative information based upon observations made on three-dimensional projections. This study was designed to utlise thick (>/= 50micrometer) formalin fixed sections and low temperature heat-induced epitope retrieval to reveal by immunofluorescence a pan neuronal marker (Protein Gene Product 9.5 ) and cytokeratin marker using laser scanning confocal microscopy. This will allow the quantative assessment of the three-dimensional relationships of endometrial neuronal structures.


The adoption of an eco-design approach is a key challenge for the total quality environmental management (TQEM). Recently, several eco-design methodologies have been presented, but none can be easily integrated in the traditional design process of manufacturing companies. The research presented in this paper aims to define a methodology, called G.EN.ESI, to help designers (especially those ones without a specific know-how on eco-design), during the development of sustainable products. In order to aid designers in the assessment of the environmental and cost impacts of a product, also a set of software tools have been defined. Using such a platform, the designer is supported by a robust workbench to perform all the analyses required to evaluate the product eco-sustainability for each phase of the product lifecycle. This software platform is essential for companies which want to implement the G.EN.ESI methodology without upsetting their own consolidated modus operandi and the internal organisation.


Green hydrogen produced by splitting water molecules into hydrogen and oxygen using electricity from renewable energy sources is essential to reduce CO2 emissions, especially in hard-to-abate industrial sectors such as steelmaking and ammonia production. It is a critical component in the energy transition to fight climate change. The present technologies for green hydrogen production are alkaline and polymer electrolyte membrane water electrolysis. One thing in common to these technologies is the coupling between the hydrogen and oxygen evolution reactions (HER and OER, respectively), where both reactions occur concurrently in the same electrolytic cell. Therefore, a membrane or diaphragm divides the cell into two compartments to avoid hazardous H2/O2 mixing. This membrane architecture complicates the electrolyzers construction by adding gaskets and compression sealing to prevent H2/O2 crossover. This adds substantial costs and limits operation at high pressures and low-purity water. In addition, substantial energy losses, mostly due to the difficult OER, increase the cost of energy in this energy intensive technology. These drawbacks give rise to high cost of green hydrogen.
 To overcome these challenges, we developed alternative processes that decouple the generation of hydrogen and oxygen into two consecutive stages (time separation),1 or two cells (space separation),2 avoiding the need for membrane and sealing. In addition, we divided the OER, a difficult electrochemical reaction that requires four electrons and protons to generate an oxygen molecule on a single atomic reaction site, into two sub-reactions that occur on four sites, thereby enabling facile reactions and reducing the energy losses in water electrolysis. An ultrahigh efficiency of nearly 99% was demonstrated at lab scale,2 and we expect reaching above 90% at system scale. To bring this breakthrough process to reality we established H2Pro, an Israeli startup company that aims to produce green hydrogen at $1/kg by the end of this decade, based on our invention.3

 Landman et al., Photoelectrochemical water splitting in separate oxygen and hydrogen cells, Nature Materials 16, 646–651 (2017).

 Dotan et al., Decoupled hydrogen and oxygen evolution by a two-step electrochemical – chemical cycle for efficient overall water splitting, Nature Energy 4, 786–795 (2019).

 Rothschild et al., Methods and system for hydrogen production by water electrolysis, United States Patent No. 2020/0040467 A1 (2020).


This paper is the third in a series of edited and updated selections of my postings to the 'East Asia Forum' blog (indicated with a double asterisk in the Table of Contents below) and my partly-overlapping 'Japanese Law and the Asia-Pacific' blog. They mainly cover developments from mid-2009 through to mid-2010, with a focus on law and policy in Australia and Japan in a wider regional and sometimes global context.Half of the postings introduce some new policy and legislative agendas proclaimed by the then Prime Ministers of Australia (Kevin Rudd, in late July 2009) and Japan (Yukio Hatoyama, through the Democratic Party of Japan [DPJ] which he led to a remarkable general election victory in late August 2009). Both had resigned by mid-2010, indicating some of the difficulties involved in implementing ambitious reforms in both countries. All the more so, perhaps, if innovative measures are to be added to both countries' Free Trade Agreements (FTAs) in order to foster more sustainable socio-economic development in the aftermath of the Global Financial Crisis (GFC).The remaining postings end by introducing Australia's regime for international (and domestic) commercial arbitration enacted in mid-2010, centred on a United Nations Model Law – like Japan's Arbitration Act of 2003. However it sets these enactments in broader context by focusing on legal professionals – lawyers, judges and specialists in Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) – as well as aspects of the legal education systems in both countries. Those systems will need to gel better as well for both Australia and Japan to achieve the 'cultural reform' needed to generate sustainable critical mass in commercial (and investor-state) arbitration activity.The order of postings has been changed somewhat in this paper to create more of a 'chain novel' narrative effect. However, as with the previous two papers, readers may still prefer to move around the topics in a different order.


Located at a strategic crossroads of eastern Amazonia, Marabá has long been known as a volatile, even violent Brazilian boomtown. This study examines the city's sense of place with regard to alternative perceptions of the regional frontier experience: the unstable, resource-extractive "hollow frontier"; the linear, sequential "development frontier"; and the hybrid, socially segmented "post-frontier." By asking whether, why, and how such understandings resonate with residents, we highlight the social dynamics of place-making. Our interviews suggest that distinctive frontier visions reflect residents' socioeconomic positions and relationships to state-promoted, capital-intensive investment projects. These findings help to explain why citizens favor or oppose dominant forms of regional development.


An important research area of Spectrum-Based Fault Localization (SBFL) is the effectiveness of risk evaluation formulas. Most previous studies have adopted an empirical approach, which can hardly be considered as sufficiently comprehensive because of the huge number of combinations of various factors in SBFL. Though some studies aimed at overcoming the limitations of the empirical approach, none of them has provided a completely satisfactory solution. Therefore, we provide a theoretical investigation on the effectiveness of risk evaluation formulas. We define two types of relations between formulas, namely, equivalent and better. To identify the relations between formulas, we develop an innovative framework for the theoretical investigation. Our framework is based on the concept that the determinant for the effectiveness of a formula is the number of statements with risk values higher than the risk value of the faulty statement. We group all program statements into three disjoint sets with risk values higher than, equal to, and lower than the risk value of the faulty statement, respectively. For different formulas, the sizes of their sets are compared using the notion of subset. We use this framework to identify the maximal formulas which should be the only formulas to be used in SBFL.


Sistem Maklumat Bahan Rujukan Pusat Sumber Jabatan Sistem Maklumat is a web-based system which is developed to enhance the management of references at Pusat Sumber Jabatan Sistem Maklumat, Fakulti Sains Komputer dan Sistem Maklumat. It could handle the problems which are caused by the current system. This system allows users to reach reference information and register as member. Besides that they could check their personal loan record and renew loan. All of this processes could be done online. Meanwhile other management of the library could handle loan and return process systematically. They could manage information about users, references and loan besides having important reports. Evolutionary prototyping approach is used as a methodology for this system. The softwares that are used are Macromedia Dreamweaver 4.0, Microsoft Visual InterDev 6.0 and Microsoft Access 2000.


With the rapid development of the Internet and multimedia technology in recent years,people pay more attention to the video conference system based on software and IP network.But most of Internet video conferencing softwares only support single-channel.The audio acquisition and transmission of dual-channel or surround sound multi-channel can not be realized.A video conference system of multi-channel audio capture and transmission is introduced It can achieve the sound direction and the relavant position of spokesman in image and bring a better hearing experience to the users.


The objective of the present investigation is to assess the effects of viscosity variations in low-speed temporally-evolving turbulent mixing layer. Direct Numerical Simulations (DNS) are performed for several viscosity ratios, Rv = vhigh/vlow, varying between 1 and 9, whereas the upper and lower streams are of equal density. The space-time evolution of Variable-Viscosity Flow (VVF) is compared with the Constant-Viscosity Flow (CVF), for which Rv = 1. The initial Reynolds number, based on the initial momentum thickness, δθ,0, is Reδθ,0 = 160 for the considered cases. The study focuses on the first stages of the temporal evolution of the mixing-layer. It is shown that in VVF (with respect to CVF): (i) the birth of turbulent fluctuations is accelerated; (ii) large-scale quantities, i.e. mean longitudinal velocity and momentum thickness, are affected by the viscosity variations, thus dispelling the myth that viscosity is a 'small-scale quantity that does not affect the large scales'; (iii) the velocity fluctuations are enhanced for VVF. In particular, the turbulent kinetic energy peaks earlier and is three times larger for VVF than CVF at the earliest stage of the mixing, and (iv) the transport equation for the turbulent kinetic energy is derived and favourably compared with simulations data.


The purpose of this study was to examine the levels of physical activity and global self-esteem, and the relationships between them, for male and female students of Zarqa education directorate in 7 th , 8 th and 9 th grades. Six hundreds eighty seven students completed the Rosenberg self-esteem scale and Leisure time physical activity questionnaire. Descriptive statistical techniques, Pearson correlation coefficient, and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) were used to analyze the data of the study. Results showed significant differences between boys and girls on level of energy expenditure and intensity. The level of physical activity was significantly more strenuous for 7 th and 8 th graders than for 9 th graders for both genders. Significant differences were found for the global self-esteem due to gender, but not for grade. Moreover, results indicated no significant relationship between physical activity and global self-esteem for both males and females. The researchers suggested that comparison studies relating to the levels of physical activity and global selfesteem is needed in different populations.


Recently, a novel technology known as microneedles have received much attention because they can be used for transdermal drug delivery and blood sampling in a painless and minimally invasive manner. However, there are still some problems that restrict its practical applications in clinical therapies. In this review, we flrst give a presentation of this novel technology, including its development history and development trends, and then discuss the existing mechanics problems. First, researches on the mechanics problems of microneedle are elaborated, including insertion force, structure strength, stiflness and drug deliver via microneedle. And then, we present new developments in the study on biomicroneedles and bionicmicroneedles, and describe the micronanostructures and mechanics principle of the biomicroneedle using a super small penetrating force, and flnally discuss the inspirations provided by the biomicroneedle for the improvement of artiflcial microneedles design.


In this work, the transverse optical trapping of spherical particle with strong absorption is studied in geometrical optics model by numerical simulation. In our work, the exact expressions of wave vector are used instead of traditional approximate expressions, and the transverse optical trapping force acting on a spherical particle due to strong absorption is calculated when the particle is illuminated by a focused Gaussian beam of TEM00 mode. The calculated results show that stable transverse optical trapping positions only exist when the center of the spherical particle is located in front of the focus of the beam. Our results also reveal that the trapping positions are decided by the radius of the beam waist ω0. The magnitude of transverse optical trapping force and the stiffness of optical trapping decrease with the increase in ω0.


IntroductionNavigation in total hip arthroplasty (THA) has the goal to improve accuracy of cup orientation. Measurement of cup orientation on conventional pelvic radiographs is susceptible to error due to pelvic malpositioning during acquisition. A recently developed and validated software using a postoperative radiograph in combination with statistical shape modelling allows calculation of exact 3-dimensional cup orientation independent of pelvic malpositioning.ObjectivesWe asked (1) what is the accuracy of computer-navigated cup orientation (inclination and anteversion) and (2) what is the percentage of outliers (>10° difference to aimed inclination and anteversion) using postoperative measurement of 3-dimensional cup orientation.MethodsWe performed a retrospective comparative study including a single surgeon series with 114 THAs (109 patients). Surgery was performed through the anterolateral approach with the patient in supine position. An image-free navigation system (PiGalileo, Smith & Nephew) with a...


Soil pore structure characterization using 2-D image analysis constitutes a simple method to obtain essential information related to soil porosity and pore size distribution (PSD). Such information is important to infer on soil quality, which is related to soil structure and transport processes inside the soil. Most of the time soils are submitted to wetting and drying cycles (W-D), which can cause important changes in soils with damaged structures. This report uses 2-D image analysis to evaluate possible modifications induced by W-D cycles on the structure of damaged soil samples. Samples of three tropical soils (Geric Ferralsol, GF; Eutric Nitosol, EN; and Rhodic Ferralsol, RF) were submitted to three treatments: 0WD, the control treatment in which samples were not submitted to any W-D cycle; 3WD and 9WD with samples submitted to 3 and 9 consecutive W-D cycles, respectively. It was observed that W-D cycles produced significant changes in large irregular pores of the GF and RF soils, and in rounded pores of the EN soil. Nevertheless, important changes in smaller pores (35, 75, and 150 μm) were also observed for all soils. As an overall consideration, it can be said that the use of image analysis helped to explain important changes in soil pore systems (shape, number, and size distribution) as consequence of W-D cycles.


COVID-19 vaccines have emerged as a shelter after the storm. Currently, four vaccines have been approved in the European Union, two of them mRNA-based [BNT162b2 and mRNA1273] and the remaining based on an adenoviral vector [ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 and Ad26.COV2-S]. These vaccines are designed to elicit an immune response against the viral S1 spike protein, generating both an antibodyand a T-cell-based response. Even though immunocompromised patients were excluded from phase 3 trials, International Inflammatory Bowel Disease [IBD] Societies unanimously recommend vaccinating all patients as soon as possible, regardless of the level of disease activity or the use of therapies affecting the immune system.1,2 Moreover, recent observational studies have shown that IBD patients are not more prone to develop adverse events than the general population, and that vaccination is unlikely to promote flares.3 In this issue of the Journal of Crohn's and Colitis, Doherty and colleagues4 have published a prospective multi-centre study evaluating how prior SARS-CoV-2 exposure, vaccine class, current IBD-related medication and biomarkers for disease activity impact vaccine response. In their study,4 the presence of IBD by itself affected humoral immunity, regardless of the use of IBD-related medication. Indeed, the seroconversion rate in IBD patients was 80% and 97% after receiving the first and second doses, respectively, whereas this rate reached 97% and 100% in healthy controls. Likewise, the median levels of IgG against the spike protein were significantly lower in IBD patients in comparison to healthy controls [266.0 vs 837.8 AU/mL after the first dose, and 2613.3 vs 6871.8 AU/mL after the second]. An important finding was that mRNA-based vaccines were superior in both healthy controls and IBD patients, generating anti-spike IgG levels that were 78% higher. Regarding IBD therapeutics, patients receiving anti-tumour necrosis factor [TNF], anti-IL 12/23 or Janus kinases [JAK] inhibitors had significantly lower median levels of anti-spike IgG—approximately half of the amount measured in patients without IBD-specific medication, under vedolizumab or aminosalicylates. Notably, the levels observed in patients under immunomodulators or steroids were not significantly reduced. In addition, the levels in patients under anti-TNF monotherapy and in those on combination therapy were similar. A limited reserve of antibodies, defined as < 4000 AU/mL, was detected after two vaccine doses in 70–75% of the patients receiving anti-TNF [n = 101], antiIL 12/23 [n = 6] and JAK inhibitors [n = 4]. Strikingly, half of the patients receiving 5-aminosalicylic acid [5-ASA], immunomodulators or steroids [but not IBD-related medication] also exhibited a limited antibody reserve. Regarding the durability of the immune response, a significant drop in IgG levels [~77%] was observed after 12 weeks in all IBD patients, and a tendency towards an even greater reduction was detected in patients receiving anti-TNF therapy. The currently available evidence on the impact of classic immunosuppressors and/or targeted therapies on antibody levels is contradictory. Evidence of a neutral effect of aminosalicylates and ustekinumab on humoral responses was provided by several studies,5 including the largest prospective study to date evaluating humoral immunity to SARS-Cov-2 vaccines in IBD patients.6 Regarding corticosteroids, their impact on humoral immunity has been previously suggested.6 However, no significant attenuating effects were detected by Doherty and colleagues,4 which may be related to the low number of patients receiving steroids in their study [n = 10] or to the dosage [not reported]. Concerning anti-TNF therapy, while some studies failed to find any effect on humoral response,5 others reported an attenuated response in IBD patients under infliximab2,7 and, in contrast to the study by Doherty and colleagues, also detected lower levels of anti-spike IgG in patients under combination therapy.7 Indeed, in the study by Kennedy and colleagues,7 the use of immunomodulators was an independent predictor of lower seroconversion rates. Similar results were obtained by Kappelman and colleagues,6 who reported that combination therapy [anti-TNF combined with thiopurines or methotrexate] was associated with a significant odds ratio for lack of antibody response. Regarding anti-integrin therapy, anti-spike IgG levels were lower in vedolizumab-treated IBD patients in comparison to healthy controls in the only comparative study currently available,2 but these results may have been biased by the small sample size [n = 12] and the fact that IBD itself affects seroconversion. An important limitation of the study by Doherty and colleagues is that it did not assess T-cell-specific immunity. T-cell responses are independent of humoral immunity and have been reported to be crucial in long-term immunological memory and protection against [re]infection, including with the new SARS-CoV-2 variants.1 Until now, only two reports1,8 [one of them only available as a preprint8] have focused on T-cell responses to COVID-19 vaccines in IBD patients. In the study by Reuken and colleagues,1 the frequencies of SARSCoV-2-specific T helper cells and the increase in TNF and interferon-gamma production were similar among IBD patients and healthy controls, regardless of the immunosuppres-


ZnO, 1% Ti doped ZnO and 1% Ti and (0.5%, 1%, and 1.5%) Cu co‐doped ZnO thin films are deposited on fluorine doped tin oxide glass substrates using sol‐gel technique. The impact of Ti and Cu co‐doping on optical, structural, and photovoltaic properties of ZnO thin films have been analyzed. X‐ray diffraction also confirms the hexagonal wurtzite crystal structure of the film. The 1% Ti and 1% Cu co‐doping percentage has an astonishing impact on the structural properties of the doped film, such as large grain size (19 nm), d‐spacing (2.48 Å), small dislocation line density (2.96 × 1015 m−2), lattice parameters (a = b = 3.2 Å, c = 5.2 Å), bond length (1.9 Å) and positional parameter (3.7 × 10−1) of the ZnO thin film. Optical parameters like reflectance, absorbance, transmittance, refractive index, and dielectric constants are calculated in the range of spectral from (250‐750) nm by using an ultraviolet ‐ visible spectrophotometer. In the visible region, all the films have approximately 85% transmittance, which is excellent for solar cells. The ZnO film prepared at the co‐doping percentage of 1% Ti and 1% Cu has high absorbance, high refractive index (2.09) and small band gap energy (3.37 eV) as compared to other doped films. The dye‐sensitized solar cells of these films as a Photoanode have been fabricated and studied the efficiency variation of films. It is found that the performance of the dye‐sensitized solar cell (DSSC) using a Ti‐Cu co‐doped film is much better than a pure ZnO film. The highest efficiency of DSSC 2.38% is achieved in the dye‐sensitized solar cell by using a 1% Ti and 1% Cu co‐doped ZnO thin film. When Ti is doped in ZnO then the surface area and pore size of the ZnO increased, which increase the dye loading ability. Cu reduces the recombination rate and enhances the electron injection efficiency rate from the dye to the conduction band of ZnO. Therefore, it is suggested that the thin films prepared by co‐doping of Cu and Ti into ZnO will upgrade the efficiency of cell.


A procedure for determining the scattered pressure field resulting from a monochromatic harmonic wave that is incident upon a layer energy absorbing structure is treated. The situation where the structure is modeled with finite elements and the surrounding acoustic medium (water or air) is represented with either acoustic finite elements, or some type of boundary integral formulation, is considered. Finite element modeling problems arise when the construction of the structure, at the fluid structure interface, are nonhomogeneous and in particular, when the inhomogeneities are small relative to the acoustic wave length. An approximate procedure is presented for replacing the detailed microscopic representation of the layered surface configuration with an equivalent simple surface impedance finite element, which is especially designed to work only at limited frequencies. An example problem is presented using NASTRAN. However, the procedure is general enough to adapt to practically any finite element code having a steady state option.


Biogas is the natural byproduct of the decomposition of vegetation or animal manure, of which there are almost in exhaustable supplies in the world, and which does not contribute CO2 or other greenhouse gases to global warming or climate change. Biogas contains 66.4% flammable gas (CH4) and 33.6% inhibitors (CO2 and N2). This study focuses on the effects of inhibitors on biogas laminar burning velocity and flammability limits in spark ignited premix combustion. Spherically expanding laminar premixed flames, freely propagating from spark ignition sources in initially quiescent biogas-air mixtures, are continuously recorded by a high-speed digital camera. Initially, all the experiments in this paper were performed using inhibitorless biogas (biogas without inhibitors) at room temperature, at reduced pressure (0.5 atm) and at various equivalence ratios (ϕ) from the lower flammable limit to the upper flammable limit. The results are compared with those from biogas (containing inhibitors) flames at reduced pressure, inhibitorless biogas flames at atmospheric pressure (1 atm), and biogas flames at atmospheric pressure to emphasize the effect of inhibitors on biogas laminar burning velocity and flammability limits. Compared to an inhibitorless biogas-air mixtures, in the biogas-air mixtures, the presence of inhibitors cause a reduction in the laminar burning velocity and the flammable limits become narrower. Keyword-Biogas, Inhibitor, Laminar burning velocity, Flammability limit, Premix combustion


【Recently, the prevalence of bladder cancer is increasing in the Korean society. As the risk factors of bladder carcinoma are variable, the early-stage diagnosis is regarded the best preventive practice. Hematuria is a specific sign of the malignancy as well as a kind of various medication-related adverse reactions. Some anti-coagulation therapy can cause bleedings including hematuria to the patients with cardiovascular diseases such as paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (PAF). Therefore, to the clinical pharmacists working in the anti-coagulation services (ACS), a closer monitoring of patients can give an opportunity to find certain ailments unexpectedly. In this case, a patient with PAF had episodes of sporadic hematuria in the course of warfarin therapy even though with its low levels of INR. An ACS pharmacist found a discrepancy between the bleeding symptoms and INR values, and recommended properly the patient to refer urologist. Fortunately, an early-stage of bladder carcinoma was found then followed by an excision performed to the lesion. Therefore, alert-minded and precise monitoring done by ACS pharmacist could optimize the therapeutic outcomes as well as increase the quality of life of the patient.】


The invention relates to a LiFePO4 positive plate for testing and the raw materials of the positive plate comprise slurry, solvent and current collector. The preparation method of the LiFePO4 positive plate comprises the following steps: preparing binder, then preparing slurry and finally coating and rolling to obtain the finished product. The positive plate prepared by the method of the invention has high production quality and consistency and can meet the production demand of positive plate used for testing half cell for material manufacturers and battery cell manufacturers.


EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS FROM A PROGRAM TO DEVELOP ACCURATE AND RELIABLE INSTRUMENTATIONS FOR STRESS AND DEFORMATION MEASUREMENTS IN HIGHER EMBANKMENTS ARE NUMERICALLY ANALYZED FOR A PARTICULAR EMBANKMENT TO COMPARE THE RESULTS WITH THE FIELD MEASUREMENTS. THIS COMPARISON PERMITS AN ASSESSMENT OF THE ACCURACY OF THE MATHEMATICAL MODEL AND PREDICTION TECHNIQUE. THE ANALYSIS IS BASED ON A PLANE STRAIN SYSTEM WITH LINEARLY ELASTIC ISOTROPIC MATERIALS THAT IS CONSTRUCTED AND LOADED INCREMENTALLY. THE FINITE ELEMENT METHOD IS EMPLOYED TO OBTAIN STRESSES AND DISPLACEMENTS IN THIS TYPICAL CROSS-SECTION. THE CONTINUOUS SYSTEM IS IDEALIZED AS AN ASSEMBLAGE OF SMALLER, BUT FINITE, ELEMENTS CONNECTED AT A DISCREET NUMBER OF POINTS CALLED NODES. THE BASIS FOR THE METHOD IS A CONSISTENTLY DERIVED STIFFNESS FOR EACH OF THESE ELEMENTS, THE STIFFNESS BEING A RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE GENERALIZED FORCES AND THE DISPLACEMENTS AT THE NODES OF EACH ELEMENT. STIFFNESS OF THE ELEMENTS USED IS PREDICTED ON A MATERIAL POSSESSING LINEAR ELASTIC PROPERTIES. EXAMINATION OF THE ANALYTICAL RESULTS AND COMPARISON WITH THE FIELD DATA INDICATE THAT THE MATHEMATICAL MODEL CAN LEAD TO QUALITATIVE PREDICTIONS. THE WEAKEST FEATURE OF THE MATHEMATICAL MODEL IS THE MATERIAL CHARACTERIZATION. IT IS RECOMMENDED THAT: (1) ESTIMATES FOR STRESS AND DISPLACEMENT FIELDS SHOULD BE OBTAINED PRIOR TO PLACEMENT OF INSTRUMENTATION, (2) LATERAL PRESSURES SHOULD BE MEASURED AS WELL AS VERTICAL STRESSES, (3) VERTICAL PRESSURE CELLS MIGHT BE USED TO CALIBRATE THE CELLS MEASURING HORIZONTAL STRESSES, AND (4) AN ACCURATE DETERMINATION OF THE MATERIAL PROPERTIES OF THE EARTH FILL MUST BE MADE WHEN INSTRUMENTING AN EMBANKMENT.


DIARMUID COSTELLO is Assistant Professor of Philosophy and Co-director of the AHRC-funded research project 'Aesthetics After Photography' at the University of Warwick, England. His work focuses on the intersection of aesthetics and art theory. He has published articles on the aesthetics of Kant, Benjamin, Heidegger, Wittgenstein, Lyotard, Danto, de Duve, Greenberg, Fried and Cavell. In this context he has also considered the work of Lawrence Weiner, Sol LeWitt. Chuck Close, Gerhard Richter, Jeff Wall, Thomas Ruff and Rineke Dijkstra. He is co-editor, with Jonathan Vickery, of Art: Key Contemporary Thinkers (2007), and, with Dominic Willsdon, of the forthcoming The Life And Death Of Images: Ethics And Aesthetics (2008). He is completing a monograph, Aesthetics After Modernism.


This study is aimed at providing some insights into the structure of the informal credit market in Nigeria. The approach adopted involved selecting a segment of the market and then examining its structure while noting any features that local values and tradi tions may have conditioned. By discounting these peculiar social influences on the market, a representative social background for the credit market in Nigeria is constructed which thus permits a generalisation of the findings for Nigeria. On the basis of this, it is established that the associations are the major suppliers of fund in the market and that these associations can easily be nurtured into co-operative thrift and lending associa tions so that their financial intermediation role can be improved and directed towards national development. LA STRUCTURE DU MARCHE INFORMEL DU CREDIT AU NIGERIA: LECONS TIREES DE L'EXPERIENCE DE AWKA TOWN DANS L'ETAT DE ANAMBRA


MR spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) with whole brain coverage in clinically feasible acquisition times still remains a major challenge. A combination of MRSI with parallel imaging has shown promise to reduce the long encoding times and 2D acceleration with a large array coil is expected to provide high acceleration capability. In this work a very high‐speed method for 3D‐MRSI based on the combination of proton echo planar spectroscopic imaging (PEPSI) with regularized 2D‐SENSE reconstruction is developed. Regularization was performed by constraining the singular value decomposition of the encoding matrix to reduce the effect of low‐value and overlapped coil sensitivities. The effects of spectral heterogeneity and discontinuities in coil sensitivity across the spectroscopic voxels were minimized by unaliasing the point spread function. As a result the contamination from extracranial lipids was reduced 1.6‐fold on average compared to standard SENSE. We show that the acquisition of short‐TE (15 ms) 3D‐PEPSI at 3 T with a 32 × 32 × 8 spatial matrix using a 32‐channel array coil can be accelerated 8‐fold (R = 4 × 2) along y‐z to achieve a minimum acquisition time of 1 min. Maps of the concentrations of N‐acetyl‐aspartate, creatine, choline, and glutamate were obtained with moderate reduction in spatial‐spectral quality. The short acquisition time makes the method suitable for volumetric metabolite mapping in clinical studies. Magn Reson Med, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


The growth regimes of complex networks account for many of their structural features and behavioral effects. Social and economic networks, however, tend to expand along different pathways than their technological or biological counterparts. Complex inter-organizational topologies are characterized by tight-knit clusters of prominent nodes whose dense inter-connections help forge them into an elite that can play gatekeeper and arbiter roles in an expanding network. The characteristics of such emergent elites, however, depend intimately upon the structural locations of the partners that form new ties. Systems where cores deepen their internal connections conserve their position, but may calcify. Those that expand their reach by forming connections to newcomers and to the network's periphery increase responsiveness at the possible cost of incoherence. We draw on twelve years of dynamic network data from the international biotechnology industry to demonstrate that a mix of expansive and conserving ties account for that industry's particular combination of stability and responsiveness. This structural view of network growth offers new insights into the distinctive features of social and economic networks, while linking models of network dynamics to debates in organizational theory and innovation studies.


OBJECTIVE: To investigate the occurrence and characteristics of the adverse drug reactions( ADRs) in our hospital so as to promote clinical rational use of drugs. METHODS: A total of 63 ADR cases reported by Xinjiang Yilizhou Kuitun Hospital during 2012 were analyzed statistically in respect of patients' age and sex,drug types and clinical manifestation of the ADRs. RESULTS: Of the total 63 ADR cases,55. 56% were induced by antibacterial drugs and 20. 63% induced by traditional Chinese medicine injections; the ADR were mostly induced via intravenous route [60 cases( 95. 24%) ],manifested mainly as lesions of skin and its appendants [43 cases( 68. 25%) ]. 22 cases were induced by drugs used in combination,with 7( 31. 81%) induced by concurrent use of antibacterial drugs and traditional Chinese medicine injection. CONCLUSION: Clinical importance should be attached to ADR monitoring and reporting to standardize clinical rational use of drugs and ensure patients' medication safety.


Until recent times, weather forecasts were deterministic in nature. For example, a forecast might state "The temperature tomorrow will be 20◦C." More recently, however, increasing interest has been paid to the uncertainty associated with such predictions. By quantifying the uncertainty of a forecast, for example with a probability distribution, users can make risk-based decisions. The uncertainty in weather forecasts is typically based upon 'ensemble forecasts'. Rather than issuing a single forecast from a numerical weather prediction (NWP) model, ensemble forecasts comprise multiple model runs that differ in either the model physics or initial conditions. Ideally, ensemble forecasts would provide a representative sample of the possible outcomes of the verifying observations. However, due to model biases and inadequate specification of initial conditions, ensemble forecasts are often biased and underdispersed. As a result, estimates of the most likely values of the verifying observations, and the associated forecast uncertainty, are often inaccurate. It is therefore necessary to correct, or post-process ensemble forecasts, using statistical models known as 'ensemble post-processing methods'. To this end, this thesis is concerned with the application of statistical methodology in the field of probabilistic weather forecasting, and in particular ensemble post-processing. Using various datasets, we extend existing work and propose the novel use of statistical methodology to tackle several aspects of ensemble post-processing. Our novel contributions to the field are the following. In chapter 3 we present a comparison study for several post-processing methods, with a focus on probabilistic forecasts for extreme events. We find that the benefits of ensemble post-processing are larger for forecasts of extreme events, compared with forecasts of common events. We show that allowing flexible corrections to the biases in ensemble location is important for the forecasting of extreme events. In chapter 4 we tackle the complicated problem of post-processing ensemble forecasts without making distributional assumptions, to produce recalibrated ensemble forecasts without the intermediate step of specifying a probability forecast distribution. We propose a latent variable model, and make a novel application of measurement error models. We show in three case studies that our distribution-free method is competitive with a popular alternative that makes distributional assumptions. We suggest that our distribution-free method could serve as a useful baseline on which forecasters should seek to im-


This essay will first study the chapter titles in the early chapters of Xiyou ji (The Journey to the West), which will be followed by an examination of the chapter titles in the first eighty chapters of Honglou meng (Dream of the Red Chamber). The purpose of this study will be to show the continuity and discontinuity of the chapter titles in the final version of Xiyou ji (1592) with those in the first printed edition of Honglou meng (1791). The final part of this essay will relate some of the ideas of Gérard Genette about titles and chapter titles to the chapter titles in Honglou meng. Summary


Abstract The volatile constituents of Anthemis altissima L. var. altissima were isolated by hydrodistillation and analyzed by GC and GC/MS. The major constituents of A. altissima flower oil were spathulenol (18.7%), caryophyllene oxide (9.3%), 1-eicosene (7%) and sabinene (6.2%), while the leaf oil contained spathulenol (18.2%), caryophyllene oxide (9.5%), methyl hexadecanoate (8%) and isocaryophyllene (7.4%).


We compared the iron concentration in breast milk after a single high dose of intravenous iron isomaltoside or daily oral iron for postpartum haemorrhage.


An apparatus for content protection system provides protection of personal content, which may include a processor configured to receive an indication submitted for personal content comprises content protection system, based at least in part origin marking device associated with personal content originated determine admissibility of the personal content to the content protection system. Also it provides a corresponding method and computer program product.


Objective To study the impact of previous induced abortions on preterm delivery, small for gestational age and low birthweight in subsequent pregnancies.


A phenolfromaldehyde resol resin is prepared from phenol and formaldehyde of molar ratio 1∶3 in aqueous solution through a twostep alkaline catalytic reaction at 50℃~90℃ procedurally heating up over 2 hours. After dewatering by decompressing, the concentration of products is 82% and the residue formaldehyde and the phenol in the resin are 1.1%(wt) and 0.05% (wt) respectively.


Dataset generated for the retelling of the Pear Story by Daniel Tholung. The dataset includes a transcription with an English translation, flextext files (from Fieldworks Language Explorer), and accompanying derivative files including metadata to be used with SILs SayMore


The objective of this paper is to extend the semi-empirical calibration of the backscattering Integral Equation Model (IEM) initially proposed for SAR data at C- and X-bands to SAR data at L band. A large dataset of radar signal and in situ measurements (soil moisture and surface roughness) over bare soil surfaces were used. A semi-empirical calibration of the IEM was performed at L band in replacing the correlation length derived from field experiments by a fitting parameter. Better agreement was observed between the backscattering coefficient provided by the SAR and that simulated by the calibrated version of the IEM.