The literature of communication and conflict is long and deep. However, it has focused primarily on cross-border conflict in the northern hemisphere. Not much academic research has been done on intra-state conflicts in general or on Asian conflicts in particular. This research on the Sri Lankan separatist conflict contributes towards filling this void.Newspaper reports in three languages on Operation Jayasikurui (1997) as well as on the capture of Elephant Pass (2000) were analyzed by trained coders with high reliability. In-depth interviews were conducted with Sri Lankan journalists and military personnel who participated in these incidents. Triangulation sources include Sri Lanka Army materials and the Sri Lanka Government Gazette. Results clearly show that despite stringent governmental regulations, censorship had no effect on these Sri Lankan newspapers, which employed unique cultural techniques to circumvent these restrictions. Despite their apparent divergent ethnic backgrounds, all newspaper samples are consensual in their depiction of the conflict all the time while managing to set different agendas for their individual readerships. Media regulations could not impose censorship as proposed by Western theoretical constructs. Results show no correspondence between media samples and imposition of government or military policy. The press enjoyed freedom to convey war information to the public and exhibited a distinct streak of social responsibility in their watchdog instincts.Dominant Western propaganda models and theoretical perspectives do not apply to the Sri Lankan context. Understanding the cultural dimensions is essential before theorizing on media behaviour. No particular theoretical framework from the literature could be used to make inferences. One further interesting finding suggested from this research: Internal conflict within the Asian region may have its own unique theoretical perspective. The study concludes by proposing an alternative model.


Taking stock on transformation - market reform and democratization in Central and Eastern Europe, Herman W. Hoen good governance and the first decade of transition - an overview, Ian Jeffries recovery and growth in transition economies 1990-97 - a stylised regression analysis, Oleh Havrylyshyn, Ivailo Izvorski and Ron van Rooden governance, conditionality and the transformation of post-socialist countries, Joachim Ahrens international financial institutions and conditionality in Eastern Europe, David L. Bartlett transformation in the Czech and Slovak Republics - elite receptions and responses, Karen Henderson 1+1=1? The post-unification East German elite -analytical caveats, Hans-J. Giessmann.


The profound deficit in social reciprocity skills is the core underlying feature of the autism spectrum disorder. Inattention and impulsivity of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder children interferes with their ability to accurately identify, imitate, and model appropriate social behaviors. Social skill is any skill that facilitates interaction and communication with others, and evidence suggests that they can be acquired with specific training, opportunities, and practices. Literature suggests that in a developmental approach to social skills training, play is used as the primary medium for intervention, especially with younger children. Three children in the age group of 4–5 years were selected for the study. Socialization domain of the Vineland adaptive behavior scales-second edition was used to get the baseline scores. The children participated in the play-based occupational therapy intervention and each session was carried out for 60 min, twice a week. The children were reassessed after 6 months. The scores' data showed an upward trend and the socialization score of child 1, 2, and 3 improved by 11.6%, 14.8%, and 8.3%, respectively.


Complex networks depict the individual relationship in a population, which can help to deeply mine the characteristics of complex networks and predict the potential collaboration between individuals by analyzing their interaction within different groups or clusters. However, the existing algorithms are with high complexity, which cost much computational time. In this paper, an efficient graph clustering algorithm based on spectral coarsening is proposed, to deal with the large time complexity of the traditional spectral algorithm. We first find the subset most possibly belonged to the same cluster in the original network, and merge them into a single node. The scale of the network will decrease with the network being coarsened. Then, the spectral clustering algorithm is performed on the coarsened network with the maintained advantages and the improved time efficiency. Finally, the experimental results on the multiple datasets demonstrate that the proposed algorithm, compared with the current state-of-the-art methods, has superior performance.


The aim of this paper is to analyse the various means of marking interrogatives in Dangme that is polar, alternative, affirmative and negative content question. Dangme belongs to the Kwa group of languages from the Niger-Congo family of languages. It is spoken in parts of the Greater Accra and Eastern Regions of Ghana. Not enough work has been done on interrogative structures which are considered to be a vital feature of African languages in Dangme. This paper examines the various kinds of interrogative structures in Dangme. I identified that phonological and morpho-syntactic strategies are employed in the formation of interrogative sentences in Dangme. I argue that syntactic particles such as 'anɛ, lo', 'kɛ…..kɛɛ', 'te……. nɛɛ', 'mɛnɔ', 'mɛni', 'jije' among others, occur at clause initial and clause final positions. I argue further that when the interrogative word or phrase is placed at clause initially, there may be an introduction of a focus marker, nɛ or lɛ which appears immediately after the question word or phrase. The paper considers content questions also referred to us negative WH-Constructions in the literature. This paper also examines negative interrogative sentences. The negative content question constructions involve the use of markers; 'pi….. lo', 'tse', etc. to convey negation in certain constructions. I argue that the grammatical feature in negative question constructions makes me suggest that it could be considered as interrogative content questions. The government and binding Theory is employed to analyse data on content questions. The data used for this paper were drawn from primary sources i.e. from native speakers of Dangme. As native speaker of the language, I also provided some of the data for this study. These were however, cross-checked with other native speakers of Dangme. Keywords : interrogative, polar, alternative, content questions and focus


Component (B), comprising - a first functional structure (FS1), a first thin-film cover (DSA1) and a second functional structure (FS2), wherein - the first thin-film cover (DSA1) comprises a deposited by means of TFP technology material and the first functional structure (FS1) covers, without the first functional structure (FS1) to touch, - the first functional structure (FS1) in a cavity (H) between a supporting substrate (TS1) and the first thin-film cover (DSA1) and - the second functional structure (FS2) directly on or above the first thin-film cover (DSA1) is arranged.


An etching method and a readable computer storage medium storing program for controlling same are provided to etch an etching target layer according to a predetermined pattern width by adjusting a pattern width of a mask layer. A first process is performed to deposit plasma reaction products on sidewalls of pre-patterned mask layer(212-1,212-2) and increase pattern widths of the pre-patterned mask layer. A second process is performed to etch an etching target layer by using the pre-patterned mask layer as a mask having the increased pattern widths. The second process is performed by etching the etching target layer while reducing the pattern widths of the mask layer by etching the sidewalls of the pre-patterned mask layer.


The invention discloses a fall off prevention rotating mechanism. The fall off prevention rotating mechanism comprises an external thread element and an internal thread element which is connected with the external thread element in a matching mode; external threads and a tooth-shaped portion are arranged on the external thread element; and internal threads and a buckle portion are arranged on the internal thread element. When the external thread element is connected with the internal thread element in a matching mode, the external threads are in threaded connection with the internal threads and the buckle portion and the tooth-shaped portion are buckled with each other to prevent the external thread element and the internal thread element from getting loose and falling off. Accordingly, the fall off prevention rotating mechanism has the advantages of being novel in mode, reliable in connection and convenient to install and being capable of being operated through a single hand due to the fact that the tooth-shaped structure is utilized to reversely fix the threads to avoid falling off and being capable of being widely applied to gardening tools or other tools.


Hand-carried ultrasound units (HCUs) are becoming available for bedside imaging of cardiac patients. In this study from Chicago, internal medicine residents received several hours of training in the use of HCUs to determine maximal diameter and collapsibility of the inferior vena cava (IVC), and then imaged 75 patients with …


Reduction or elimination of particles generated within the semiconductor process equipment is vital to achieving high yields in the semiconductor industry. In-situ laser particle sensors that detect contaminants within the process equipment are gaining increasing acceptance because of their ability to detect problems in real-time. The prompt detection of particle problems followed by corrective actions will minimize impact to parts (wafers) sensitive to particle contamination. It is hypothesized that a relationship exists between the quantities of particles depositing on a wafer and particles detected by an in-situ particle sensor in the exhaust line. An extensive study was conducted to evaluate this hypothesis. An in-situ laser particle sensor was installed on the exhaust line of a Tungsten Low Pressure Chemical Vapor Deposition (W-LPCVD) chamber. The exhaust line particle counts were collected during the processing of device wafers and during particle tests using monitor wafers. Correlations between the...


Creep is defined as deformation that takes place under constant load after an initial elastic response. This thesis focuses on a material property problem area that concerns stress analysis. Focus ...


This study compared reading comprehension on the microcomputer with traditional print presentation for two types of text, informational and directional. Subjects were elementary, junior high, and high school students. With one exception, no differences in performance were found by medium or text type. Reader characteristics other than gender had no relationship to ease of reading in the two media. A student checklist of factors contributing to ease or difficulty of reading in both media revealed differential perceptions between good and weak readers at the various grade levels. Implications for the classroom are discussed.


The non-military personnel are a new group in the army which marks the new army personnel and management. Under the present circumstances, their dual role of the military and local, and the dominant and invisible differences in treatment comparatively to the active duty lead their identity into trouble. Their identity is analyzed by using identity theory from the identity definition, identity dilemma and identity construction.


ideas, but lived praxis that moves us beyond ego-driven individualism and toward responsibility for each other, the broader world, and ourselves. Ethical spaces of engagement are not based on oppositional stances. They begin with compassion, mutual interest, and openness. Each participant must leave the security of familiar intellectual frameworks and practices with the purpose of seeking common ground, to move away from the impasse, and to create mutually intelligible language. Having been asked to write this "polemic" essay, I can only conclude that such people, however few, do exist. To those brave souls, if the current place of Indigenous arts and artists is to change in Quebec, we have much work ahead of us. We must, as Hannah Claus asks us, "do more." There is art to make, curate, and discuss. There is a phenomenal task of translation and relationship building. There are hard questions to explore. But it is time to seek tawâyihk, the places in between. And for those traversing these narrow passageways, hopefully to meet in respectful "ethical spaces" of dialogue, we need to ensure tawâstew — the passage is safe. ¶ lications. See William Ermine, "A Critical Examination of Ethics in Research Involving Indigenous Peoples," MEd Thesis, University of Saskatchewan 2000 ; "Mapping of Knowledge Translation : Working in the Ethical Space," in Nili Kaplan-Myrth and Janet Smylie, eds., Sharing What We Know About Living a Good Life : Indigenous Knowledge Translation Summit Report, http :// ahrnets.ca/files/2010/05/Final_Summit_ Report_Sept_3_iphrc_kt.pdf, p. 34–36 ; and "The Ethical Space of Engagement," Indigenous Law Journal 6, 1 (2007) : 193–203. 18. Ermine, "The Ethical Space of Engagement," 194. 19. Megwetch to Cree artist, poet, and language scholar, Neal McLeod, for his assistance with correct spelling and use of these terms. Neal McLeod, personal communication with the author, March 9, 2016. See Willie Ermine's "Aboriginal Epistemology," in Marie Battiste and Jean Barman, eds., First Nations Education in Canada : The Circle Unfolds (Vancouver, 1995) for a discussion of mamatowisowin as "the capacity to connect to the life force" related to artistic talent and giftedness. 20. Willie Ermine, Ethical Space Educational Presentation, Indigenous Peoples' Health Research Centre, slide 6, "Iysi ni kat tuwin," and slide 15, "Knowledge has to inform the heart," Regina sk, April 13, 2009.


This paper presents the development of a decision-making tool for emergency planning and response particularly for flood accidents. The proposed tool is a simulator (i.e., computer based software) capable of identifying the 'emergency machine' lacks, allowing also for improvement of specific areas of the emergency system, such as technical equipment, human factors, protocols, response time and actions sequence. The present work contributes to the ongoing effort for better protecting human life, land, property and the environment by improved flood management techniques and was elaborated within the pre-emergencies EC funded project. The developed tool can be used as a technical instrument to simulate the organisational and inter-organisational asset of a multi-actor civil protection group with the aim of highlighting strong and vulnerable elements of the civil protection structures. This is achieved through the use of a number of indices pertaining to characteristic parameters of the specific emergency operation distributed on four sub-layers of detail, which are categorised through the use of the analytical hierarchy process (AHP). The AHP approach supports decision making in emergency preparedness through alternatives structured into a weighed multi-criteria framework.


Constitutive modeling requires the calibration of the constitutive model to experimental data. This calibration is called material parameter identification. Simple experiments lead to specified deformation and stress states, which is not guaranteed in all situation. Thus, finite elements must be drawn on to calculate the deformation state solving the entire boundary‐value problem. There are several basic questions, which must be addressed apart from experiments doable for the material under consideration: first, what optimization technique is suitable? Second, are the material parameters identifiable by the given experiments, and what is the quality of the result? Third, there have been open questions of the connection between engineering and mathematical literature showing that in Engineering Science the procedures have already been developed in Numerical Mathematics. These question will be discussed in this overview.


A listing of our monthly library book displays located on the new book/DVD shelf at GateWay Community College Library. November Display


(51) Int. Cl. (76) Inventor: Lawrence Cary Gunn III, CI2O I/68 (2006.01) Encinitas, CA (US) CI2M I/34 (2006.01) (52) U.S. Cl. .......................................... 435/6: 435/288.7 Correspondence Address: FISH & RICHARDSON P.C. (SD) (57) ABSTRACT P.O. BOX 1022 Techniques, apparatus and systems are described for per MINNEAPOLIS, MN 55440-1022 (US) forming label-free monitoring of processes. In one aspect, a label-free monitoring system includes an array of label-free (21) Appl. No.: 12/746,747 optical sensors to detect an optical signal in response to Syn thesis of one or more target genetic structures. Each label-free optical sensor is functionalized with a respective target (22) PCT Filed: Dec. 8, 2008 St. structure. The system also includes a R flow s trol module that includes fluid receiving units to provide paths (86). PCT No.: PCT/US08/85988 for different fluids to flow into the fluid flow control module and at least one Switch connected to the fluid receiving units S371 (c)(1), to selectively Switch among the fluid receiving units to (2), (4) Date: Nov. 8, 2010 receive a select sequence of the fluids through the fluid receiv ing units. The select sequence of the fluids includes at least a Related U.S. Application Data dNTP or base. A fluid channel is connected between the fluid flow control module and the array of sensors to allow the (60) Provisional application No. 61/005,372, filed on Dec. select sequence of the fluids to flow from the fluid flow control 6, 2007.


Objective:To investigate the expression and purification of recombinant human vasostatin in E.coli as well as its activity on vascular endothelial cells.Methods:Liver total RNA was isolated from human liver and cDNA was synthesized with Kpn I and BamH I restriction sites using RT-PCR.The gene of interest was inserted into the same restriction sites in the pQE30 vector and IPTG was added to bacteria culture medium to induce the expression of vasostatin.Using metal immobilization affinity chromatography,the recombinant human vasostatin was purified.The activity of the purified protein on HUVBC proliferation was measured by[ 3H] thymidine deoxyribose uptake.Results:Recombinant human vasostatin was expressed in inclusion bodies of E.coli with a 6 histamine tag.The purity of recombinant protein was detected by SDS-PAGE as a single band at 21 kD approximately and was identified by peptide finger print analysis.The purified protein showed a dose-dependent inhibiting effect on the proliferation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells.Conclusion:Recombinant human vasostatin was expressed at a high level in inclusion bodies of E.coli and it can inhibit the proliferation of vascular endothelial cells.


In order to solve the sealing problem between the two cavities of the servo actuator in harsh environment, the high pressure resistant hydraulic lock with integrated cone soft seal technology is designed by using nonmetal rolling molding and self-balanced technology of a integrated valve core. Its life and sealing effect were tested; the results showed that this new type hydraulic lock has reliable open and shut characteristic as well as reliable sealing effect. It can ensure the servomechanism is fully close anywhere. The new type design has been applied to certain model of carrier rocket.


The relative dielectric constant is different from the first film on the substrate and a second film manufacturing method of a semiconductor manufacturing apparatus for forming such hole having a predetermined shape in etching the laminated multilayer film alternately, the multi-layer film is clear-containing gas, a chlorine containing gas, oxo at least by any one of a gas and the gas containing a CF-based gas of the first flow rate of the gas containing, as a first step of etching the multi-layered film to a first depth, after the first step, clear-containing gas, a chlorine containing gas, oxo containing gas during at least by any one of made of a gas gas in the first gas containing flow and CF-based gas of a second, different flow rate, a multilayer film and a second step of etching to a second, different depth from the first depth, after the second step, and so on until the hole reaches the underlying layer of the multilayer film comprises a third step of over-etching.


Abstract : The report presents a one dimensional (1D) problem for overlap coupling between a micropolar linear elastic 1D mixed finite element (FE) model and a 1D string of Hertzian nonlinear elastic discrete element spheres. The 1D micropolar balance equations and linear elastic constitutive equations are derived from the three-dimensional (3D) theory by assuming Timoshenko beam kinematics with axial stretch. They are formulated in weak form, where upon introducing interpolation functions, lead to coupled, linear 1D micropolar FE matrix equations. The nonlinear vector equations for a string of Hertzian nonlinear elastic, glued, discrete element (DE) spheres are derived and solved by the Newton-Raphson method. The 1D micropolar FEs and 1D string of DEs are coupled using a bridging-scale decomposition as a point of departure. 1D numerical examples for full overlap coupling, and partial overlap coupling, for quasi-statics are demonstrated. The formulation is general for quasi-statics and dynamics.


The emergence of YouTube as a public and easily accessible resource for musical performances provides both opportunities and challenges for tertiary level music teaching. The simultaneous combination of visual and aural recognition greatly aids the understanding of music performance practice issues: listening and scrutiny of video footage of both historical and recent performances is an important research activity for developing understanding of past and current performance practices. Such learning enables the skill development and stylistic awareness to underpin more authentic or aesthetically pleasing individual musical interpretation and performance.
The authors conducted a study in 2012 to evaluate the use of YouTube footage in classroom settings to initiate discussion of performance practices and raise students' awareness of the effect of the individual persona on a given interpretation. The study found that students developed a more nuanced understanding of what was needed, visually and aurally, to create stylish and professionally credible performances as well as gaining greater awareness and understanding of criteria that can be used to assess the performance of others. A follow up study in 2014 evaluated tertiary music performance students' subsequent use of YouTube outside the classroom environment. The data strongly suggests that the earlier use of YouTube as a teaching tool in the curriculum and the development of critical awareness and judgment in that forum has contributed to this cohort's willingness to engage with this audio-visual resource for personal learning and that they exhibit a high degree of critical judgment in their viewing and use of the resource


Recently, philosophers have put forth views in the epistemology of disagreement that emphasize the epistemic relevance of the first-person perspective in disagreement. In the first part of the paper, I attempt a rational reconstruction of these views. I construe these views as invoking the first-person perspective to explain why it is rational for parties to a disagreement to privilege their own opinions in the absence of independent explanations for doing so—to privilege without independent explanations. I reconstruct three ways privilege might be thought to arise: by demotion, through self-trust, and through the epistemic immediacy in the first-person perspective. I argue that none of these ways, and none of the views that make use of them, clarify a compelling account of the epistemic relevance of the first-person perspective. In the second part of the paper, I try to discern some lessons and outline an alternative approach. According to this approach, the epistemic relevance of the first-person perspective is not to explain privilege without independent explanations but to explain the epistemic limits of intersubjective understanding. These limits are manifest in reflective disagreement and explain how other minds matter for one's own mind in the pursuit of knowledge. The resulting view about the epistemology of disagreement is neither skeptical nor dogmatic, but dialectical, involving an active mental state that conceptualizes not only the subject matter but also one's own and others' minds in thinking and rational interaction at the epistemic limits of intersubjective understanding. I begin with a brief introduction to the question of the epistemic significance of disagreement, to the skeptical and anti-skeptical responses to the question, and to the idea that the first-person perspective makes an important epistemic difference.


The present study is a report based on survey of flowering plants of Jaipur district. The flora is a curious mixture of Eastern (Indo-malayan-35%) and tropical elements (tropics of old world and pantropical regions-31%). 46% of the plants are therophytes, 18% phanerophytes, and 8% chamaephytea; hemicryptophytes are comparatively much less while geophytes and hydrophytes are much more in proportion when compared to the normal spectrum of Raunkiaer (1934). Thirty families are mono typic, nine monogeneric, and twelve are represented by more than ten species. Family Poaceae tops the list, followed by Leguminosue, Asteraceae, Cyperaceae etc. The ratio between the monocots and dicots comes to 1 : 3 at the species and genera level and 1 : 5 at the family level.


The invention discloses a power factor correcting and converting method and device for eliminating power frequency ripple waves by peak load shifting. An extra bidirectional DC/DC (Direct Current/Direct Current) converter is combined with an AC/DC (Alternating Current/Direct Current) single-phase PFC (Power Factor Correction) converter; when an output of the single-phase PFC converter is higher than a reference voltage or a reference current, the bidirectional DC/DC converter is used for storing and absorbing surplus energy to an energy buffering and storing capacitor; when the output of the single-phase PFC converter is lower than the reference voltage or the reference current, the energy of the energy storage capacitor is released to a load; and alternating current ripple wave energy output by the single-phase PFC converter is compensated by the way so that double power frequency ripple waves on a filter at a direct current output end of the single-phase PFC converter are eliminated. According to the method and the device provided by the invention, a power frequency ripple wave voltage or a ripple wave current of a power factor correction converter is eliminated, and the following problems are solved: the cost is high due to utilizing a large-capacity capacitor to reduce the power frequency ripple waves of the power factor correction converter, the efficiency is low due to using a cascaded two-stage converter, and the like.


The analysis of the proposed single patch antenna without AMC and with AMC structures are discussed in this paper at a frequency of 28 GHz. The 5×5 array AMC structures are applied as a ground plane on the proposed antenna structure. Two kinds of array AMC are presented which namely Jerusalem AMC and proposed AMC structure. The performances are compared in terms of the bandwidth, realized gain and directivity. It is clearly shown that the performances is increased when the AMC is attached as a ground plane on the proposed antenna structure. The impedance bandwidth is increased by 98% and 85% when compared to the antenna without AMC structure. Other than that, the gain and directivity also increased up to 10% compared to the antenna without AMC structure. In addition, the sidelobe level size is slightly decreased compared to the antenna without AMC structures.


Abstract A new matrix which is the product of a chain of factored matrices is constructed in this paper to find the matrix Routh array and the matrix continued fraction inversion for multivariate systems if the partial matrix coefficients are known. A linear transformation matrix ia established from tho matrix Routh array developed to transform the second Cauer matrix form in state-space coordinates to tho phase variable matrix form.


A simple apparatus which can deliver a painful electric shock to the subject for aversion therapy is described. It has advan tages over nausea-producing drugs, particularly in allowing the patient to treat himself even at home. The use of the apparatus is illustrated by cases of fetishism, obsessional rumi nations, smoking, writer's cramp, and alcoholism. Technical details are given of the components and their assembly which requires only the most rudimentary knowledge of electricity.


In this article, a multiscale modelling that combines molecular dynamics (MD) with micromechanics and homogenisation techniques was developed to determine the effect of carbon nanotube's (CNT) waviness and agglomeration on the bulk properties of CNT-reinforced thermoset composites. MD simulations were first conducted to determine the effective elastic modulus at the nanoscopic level using a constantstrain energy minimization technique. To account for the marked discrepancy in the literature between existing modelling predictions and experimental findings, CNTs of different curvatures and bundle sizes were appropriately considered in our simulations. To scale up the elastic properties to the microscopic level, micromechanics approach of the Mori-Tanaka type was then used. The predictions of the current multiscale model are in good agreement with existing experimental findings indicating that waviness and agglomeration of CNTs limit their reinforcement effect and thus explain the reasons for the marked discrepancy between existing grossly idealised models and the experimental findings.


Synopsis The influence of single and combined additions of mo/y,bdenum, niobium, boron, and titanium on the creep ruptul·e strength and the mptllre elonga tion of 16Cr- IONi-0.4V heat resisting steel, and their correlation with microstructures have been studied. Chemical compositions of the steels used are selected by the design of experiment and the relationship between the creep rupture strength and the chemical compositions is analysed by a computer. A regression equation is developed which satisfactorily predicts the 700°C- l 000 hr creep rupture strength from the chemical composit.ion. The additions of molybdenum, niobium, and boron to t.his steel have a remarkable e.fJect in increasing the creep rupture strength. M olybdenum, boron, and titanium additions are found t.o i mjJ1"Qve the creep rujJture elongation. It is presumed from electron microscopic studies that molybdenum ac celerates slightly the coarsening of the jJrecipitated carbide, but increases the creep 1"lIptllre strength through the solid solution strengthening, and that niobium and boron make a distribution of jJrecijJitated carbide more uniform in matrix, this being one of the mechanisms of their strengthening e.fJects.


This paper takes the comprehensive and designing experiment project ("Book Information Management System") as an example in the training course of "Access Database Application", introduces the necessity of setting comprehensive and designing experiment in the university computer courses, discusses the content selection of experiment, the methods and means of experimental teaching, analyzes the teaching effect after implementation. Practice has proved that through the development of the comprehensive and designing experiments, cultivate the ability of analyzing and solving problems, improve the students' ability of innovation, and further cultivate the students' ability of computer literacy.


Rice plants grown in pots were given a few treatments in order to restrain its ripening. Morphological characteristics and physiological factors relating to grain weight were investigated. Throughout all treatments, the dry 1000 grain weight at matured time had a highly positive correlation with the raw 1000 grain weight at around 17 days after full heading date. It seems that the matured grain weight was strongly regulated by the volume of young grain at the milky stage. Increasing rate of grain weight during the milky stage was depressed by night temperatures of 5°C lower and 8°C higher than in the outdoor. However, photosynthetic activity and carbohydrate accumulation in the stem and sheath were not so much influenced by both temperatures at night. Two treatments, the temperature 5°C higher than outdoor given to the ear and the solutions of 1000 ppm Asparagine and 20 ppm KNO3 respectively supplied through a part of the peduncle, were applied throughout the ripening period. The grain weight was significantly reduced in both treatments compared with that of controls. There was found a negative correlation between the ammonium concentration of the matured brown rice and its weight. The brown rice of low sugar concentration showed a lower ammonium concentration and a higher increasing rate of grain weight. These results suggest that starch synthesis in the rice grain is inhibited by high ammonium concentration which is increases due to accumulation of total amino acids evolved by disorder of protein metabolism.


Graphics editing and Area of Interesting (AOI) editing are widely used in geophysical data processing. In this paper, the primary function of man-computer interactive graphics editing in geophysical data processing are studied and realized by using graphic editing of CAD as reference, and based on this, the attribute editing of corresponding image is carried out and thus the basic functions of AOI in remote sensing data processing are implemented.


GPRS Technology allows mobile phone users to connect internet using WAP (wireless application protocol) that can be connected a computer, notebook or by simply using your mobile phone with WAP browser. The development of technology in the mobile phone has now been developed using the java 2 platform Micro technology edition (J2ME).
J2ME technology cannot by compared to WAP directly, because they are a very different concept of technology. WAP is a protocol that specifically made for data communication in wireless device/mobile phone to the internet.WAP can only accept data in the form of a script, WML (wireless mark up language).
On this research tried in making dictionaries online that allows users a celluler phone to seek for information an English word and Indonesian language by using a celluler phone of course, this application very different to a dictionary-a dictionary online in general, one example of program online dictionary that has no current is to use WAP. This program placeman short coming I e cannot store data with a large scale because limited memory at mobile if used as a database storage said with the translation on this application to get the translation, the application of dictionary online 'll do connection gprs of a celluler phone to a computer server.
This application will do testing 2 stages. The first test is carried out when the connection is connected the second test was carried out without any connection to the server hp. From the test if the connection exist, then it is known to be connected to the server and if the connection does not exist then look in memory hp network condition broke up, if there are no new memory hp said it has not been considered and must be connected to the server for the connection.


Since it is impossible to abstractly model the complete physical environment, the The thesis of this paper is that perception degree to which purely abstract reasoning requires reasoning mechanisms beyond those will be satisfactory is limited. Instead, typically employed in deductive systems. We perception requires tight interacticbriefly present some arguments to support this between modeling/hypothesizing, experimenting (accessing informatio. fro' contention, and then offer a framework for a system the envronment and resonin vermayng. capable of perceptual reasoning, using sensorderived information, to survive in a hostile Reasoning processes that embody concepts environment. Some of these ideas have been from physics, geometry, topology, incorporated in a computer program and tested in a causation, and temporal and spatial simulated environment; a summary of this work and ordering are critical components of any current results are included. attempt to "understand" an ongoing physica: situation. Ezplicit representations appropriate to these concepts are necessary for a perceptual system that must provide


In this work, a novel rotor rebalancing algorithm is tested in a simulation environment to evaluate its performance when facing both aerodynamic and inertial imbalances. The algorithm, starting from a generic measurement collected on the wind turbine fixed frame, is capable of remotely minimizing once per revolution vibrations, avoiding the need for on-site inspections, and without requiring detailed information about the machine. Indeed, once access to the pitch system is granted, this algorithm simply iteratively computes the pitch angle that needs to be applied to each individual blade in order to rebalance the rotor. Several turbulent time histories, with changing mean inflows, were simulated with the goal of testing the proposed method in realistic field conditions. Overall, the algorithm proved capable of significantly reducing the desired once per revolution vibrations in 3 to 4 iterations, irrespective of the imbalance root cause, its severity and its location. The method also appeared quite robust, showing that the found rebalanced configurations guarantee reduced vibrations no matter the machine operating point.


Optimal distribution means that the process of sending goods from the company to agents has a basis for scheduling and determining routes appropriately, and products received by consumers are in good and fresh condition in accordance with the specified time with low operating costs. PT Ciomas Adisatwa is one of the Japfa group companies that produces processed chicken products that are fresh, hygienic, and of good quality but have a problem with the route that is passed in the distribution process. Based on the knowledge of the driver and assistant the distance traveled is uncertain which results in a long delivery time. The distribution costs become expensive and erratic. The purpose of this study is to determine the optimal distance from each branch outlet and provide suggestions for route improvements to get the lower cost using the dynamic programming method. The Dynamic Program method provides distance savings of 1.0261 Km and cost savings of Rp. 1,426,433, with a percentage of cost savings of 4.7%, so that the Dynamic Program can be used for company distribution.


The article deals with the outcomes of local sociological research, made among the students of the Brest Polytechnical Institute (Belarus) and Fachhochschule Ravensburg-Weingarten (Germany). The answers to the equivalent questions posed to Belorussian and German students are carefully compared. The inquiry was based on the following thematic areas: 1) the students ' attitudes to the main values in the lives, 2) factors providing success in life, 3) motives of the entrance to higher education, 4) the students ' leisure time, 5) their efforts to earn money during their free time, 6) negative matters which are most common among young people.


Abstract The freezing transition in dipolar and quadrupolar glasses is characterized by the presence of local random electric and strain fields generated by substitutional disorder. The dynamic response in the ergodic phase above the freezing temperature TF is studied in terms of Langevin dynamics applied to the recently formulated symmetry-adapted random-bond-random-field (SARBRF) model of orientational glasses. Following the theory of spin glasses it is assumed that for T≥TF the response can be written in a dynamic scaling form by introducing a scaling exponent v and a frequency scaling variable. The value of v(T) is explicitly evaluated for the quadrupolar (100) SARBRF model, and its relation to the experimentally observed effective exponent ueFF(T) in dipolar and quadrupolar glasses is discussed.


This paper presents criteria for the existence and uniqueness of solutions to flve-point boundary value problems associated with third order difierential equations by using matching technique. 'Liapunov-like' functions are used as a tool to establish existence and uniqueness of solu- tions by matching two three-point boundary value problems.


(51) Int. Cl. CSK 5/52 (2006.01) (52) U.S. Cl. ........................................................ 524/117 (57) ABSTRACT Provided is a nucleating agent masterbatch for polyolefin resin excellent in dispersibility into a polyolefin resin, which nucleating agent masterbatch is capable of improving trans parency and mechanical strength of the polyolefin resin, which is a crystalline polymer, which nucleating agent mas terbatch is further excellent in resistance to heat coloring; and a polyolefin resin composition using the masterbatch. Spe cifically, provided is a nucleating agent masterbatch for poly olefin resin, wherein, based on 100 parts by mass of a fully hydrogenated petroleum resin (A) having a softening point of not lower than 100°C., 3 to 150 parts by mass of an aromatic phosphate metal salt (B) represented by the following general formula (1):


The author explores the novel as a political inculcator, covering novels and novelists of the U.S., Great Britain and the Continent.


†This paper presents the results of an internally funded joint study between Boeing and Aerojet to develop and evaluate the performance potential of a hypersonic cruise vehicle incorporating Aerojet's novel TriJet combined-cycle propulsion system. The results were compared to an earlier Aerojet turbine-based combined cycle propulsion system concept, named PyroJet, that requires a future Mach 4 class turbine engine. The TriJet concept is a near-term solution providing the Mach 0-7 propulsion capability which makes use of currently available Mach 2.5 turbine engines, supplemented by an ejector ramjet to bridge the thrust gap between the available turbine and dual-mode ramjet operation. A hydrocarbon-fueled (JP-10) 75-ft-long vehicle capable of Mach 7 cruise was selected into which to integrate these propulsion systems. Range was chosen as the figure of merit for comparison purposes. The results indicate that the range capabilities of the two concepts are within 10% of each other.


The article considers the identity of scientist as a special variable of scientific communication. The identity of scientist is constructed and realized in various national-cultural scientific communities in different ways.


The photocatalytic degradation of aqueous solution of azure-B over manganese dioxide has been carried out. The photocatalytic reaction has been studied spectrophotometrically by observing absorbance at different time intervals. The effect of variation of various parameters such as concentration of azure-B, pH, amount of semiconductor and intensity of light on the rate of reaction has been observed. The photocatalytic degradation of azure-B follows first order kinetics. A tentative mechanism for the reaction has been proposed.


Objective: To study the performance of 1st year medical students in structured exams of gross anatomy after exposure to demonstration with cadaveric dissection in comparison to demonstration with powerpoint presentations (with images and animation). Place & Duration: Anatomy Department, Wah Medical College, From Jan to Feb 2010. Study Design: Randomized Control Trial (The cadaveric dissection methodology and the powerpoint presentations were themselves an intervention for two groups) Materials and Methods: 64 first year medical students were divided equally in two groups by random sampling. Group I was exposed to demonstration with dissection and group II was taught with PowerPoint aided demonstrations only. A questionnaire with four close ended questions each with four options was administered to students wherein they were asked to compare the benefits of both teaching methodologies. After exams, independent and paired sample t tests were used to compare the means of obtained marks across and within groups respectively. Passing status of both groups was compared by Chi.2 Results: Means of obtained marks (viva voce, written and collective) by two groups were compared by independent sample "t" test which proved insignificant (P=0.618, 0.306 and 0.698 respectively). A within group comparison (paired sample t test) of written and viva voce means yielded insignificant statistical difference in group I (P=0.80), while means of viva marks of group II was significantly less than that of written (P=0.001). Chi2 comparison of passing status between groups revealed insignificant results (P=0.86). In questionnaire 46 (74.2%) students showed inclination towards a hybrid methodology for learning of gross anatomy encompassing dissection and powerpoint presentations. Conclusion: In a Pakistani medical college dissection helps the students in achieving same level of skills needed for written and oral expression, whereas students not exposed to dissection face a difficulty in developing indepth understanding necessary for good oral expression.


Introduction. E-learning is flourishing in higher education due to its ability to lift time and place restrictions from teaching and learning, giving those who do not have time to be full-time on-campus students an opportunity to receive professional education. Because many library staff have not received professional education, more e-learning curricula and programs by Library and Information Science schools is something that many libraries in Taiwan look forward to. Facing demand for e-learning from library staff, the Graduate Institute of Library, Information and Archival Studies (LIAS) at National Cheng-Chi University undertook an experimental curriculum project . Method. The purpose of this study was to develop an e-learning master's program with six e-learning curricula for library staff and instructors in senior high schools in accordance with quality assurance mechanism .The study was conducted as action research with five stages as follows: (a) describing the problem and its focus; (b) exploring some action options for the problem; (c)seeking collaborative partners and discussing; (d)undertaking action options: the five lecturers of the LIAS planned and developed six e-learning courses with web-based learning systems; (f) evaluation and feedback: six courses were modified according to student learning outcome assessments and course reviews. Results. In 2007, the Graduate Institute of Library, Information and Archival Studies (LIAS) at National Cheng-Chi University undertook an experimental curriculum project in which six e-learning courses were developed and program and curricular accreditation was applied for from the Ministry of Education. Six e-learning courses were Information, Organization and Access; Research Methodology; School Library Management; Seminar on Archival Studies; Seminar on Library and Information Science; and Digital Libraries. Conclusion. In addition to describing the planning and implementation of the curriculum, the article also reviews the effectiveness of e-learning teaching and learning, as well as offering final conclusions and recommendations.


Presently work is carried out an analysis on the economic feasibility of the application of the solutions proposed by different specialists to solve the problem of the short useful life of the crowns of mills of cane of sugar mill gearing.


In this article I present the first results of a research of 100 'safe' indirect Arabic words in Catalan. These arabisms were chosen according to six criteria, the most important of which are: the inclusion of all the sure and direct arabisms of the fundamental vocabulary (Llobera and Ramon 1982; I found twelve therein); the 100 arabisms investigated had to be in common usage; as this is very difficult to find out, I have chosen only words that are registered in Pompeu Fabra's General Dictionary of the Catalan Language (DGLC). After pointing out some important differentiations such as 'safe' vs. insecure arabisms and hinting on 'non-arabisms', I present statistical data and the results of onomasiological research (according to the Hallig / Von Wartburg 1963 system). At the end I provide examples of Valencian and Balearic arabisms.


Abstract:Antonio Tabucchi, in "L'oca al passo" (2006), satirizes Italy's political class by arranging in non-chronological order a collection of editorials. He argues that he thereby endows these non-fictional writings with a literariness they did not possess in their original venues. In response, this article examines the nature and goals of satire. The non-linear ordering of the essays also prompts an interrogation of the act of reading; particularly the narrative representation of simultaneity through language, a medium that can exist only in time. Furthermore, Tabucchi's foray into topicality leads to a discussion of the social role of the writer and of literature.


Objective To investigate the effect of hyperbaric therapy on endolymphatic hydrops in guinea pigs. Methods Used for the animal experiment were 42 guinea pigs, which were randomly divided into 4 groups: the control group consisting of 10 animals were not operated in the ears; Endolymphatic hydrops animal model was developed by using 32 guinea pigs, which were operated on the right ears. Then, these 32 animals were subdivided into 3 groups, i.e. the 4 week endolymphatic hydrops group (10 animals); the 8 week endolymphatic hydrops group (also 10 animals); and the hyperbaric group (12 animals). The hyperbaric group received HBOT in the pressure chamber from week 5 for a duration of 3 week. Close observations were made on the morphologic and functional changes in the guinea pig cochleae Results Average 70 dB SPL summating potential magnitude to action potential magnitude ( SP/AP) of right ears and the average maximum scala media area (SMA) ratio (0.29±0.09, 2.23±0.20 respectively) in the hyperbaric treatment group decreased significantly, when compared with those of the 8 week endolymphatic hydrops group with the same survival time (0.69±0.15, 4.01±0.52 respectively)( P 0 05), but no differences could be seen, when it was compared with that of the 4 week endolymphatic hydrops group (0.29±0.13,2.22±0.20)( P 0 05). Average hearing threshold of auditory brainstem response (ABR) of right ears in the pressure group [(36.67±14.30) dB SPL] was lower than that of the 8 week endolymphatic hydrops group [(44.00±14.30) dB SPL], but without insignificant difference ( P 0 05). Conclusions Research findings indicate that hyperbaric therapy can significantly suppress the development of endolymphatic hydrops and improve cochlear function in guinea pigs. The study may provide an experimental base for further development of hyperbaric treatment profile for Meniere's disease without traumatic invasion to the inner ear.


Identifying traits that enhance the success of animals in unhospitable climates helps to understand biogeographical patterns and to predict the consequences of climatic changes. On temperate mountains, traits that increase cold performance potentially allow species to colonize higher elevations. We first tested the importance of morphological traits for the cold performance of bees. Second, we assessed the relevance of these traits for species distributional patterns by analysing intraspecific and interspecific trait shifts along elevational gradients.


Distortion typically occurs when images are captured from the surface of a cylindrical object. This problem is obvious in Quick Response (QR) code images, which necessitate distortion correction for subsequent information reading. Based on a detailed analysis of this distortion, we divided it into linear distortion along the generatrix direction and curl distortion perpendicular to the generatrix direction, and proposed a unified method to correct the distortion of both components. Experimental results are given to demonstrate the feasibility and applicability of the method.


There are various modeling techniques which are used in almost every field of science and engineering to estimate different entities on a set of parameters. These estimations contain uncertainty and imprecision due to non-ideal behavior of input data used in the modeling techniques. In risk assessment, reliability models are used in Probabilistic Safety Assessment (PSA). These models are usually based on some assumptions. They have uncertainties due to inadequate assumptions which must be evaluated accurately to identify the unambiguous reliability of the safety systems. The uncertainty whether it is of model's assumption or model's parameter is propagated in the whole risk model. So, the estimation of uncertainty is an essential part of measurement in the calculations of every real world problem particularly in risk assessment. The two most commonly used techniques which are widely adopted in different fields for uncertainty evaluation are Monte Carlo Simulation techniques and analytical linear approximation techniques. The former technique lacks an analytical expression to relate input uncertainties to output uncertainties whereas the latter technique is limited to linear systems or more precisely the latter technique is limited to weakly nonlinear systems. In order to overcome this problem, the present research proposes that uncertainty can be analyzed by using multi-variate reliability models more compactly and easily which will also provide the degree of covariance between estimated parameters. The Uncertainty Analysis Methodology is equally integral i.e. this analysis directly links with the stages needed for parameter estimation. It is used in the presented work as a sharp tool to reduce uncertainty in model's assumption as well as in model's parameter. In this methodology, Probabilistic approach is used to reduce model's parameter uncertainty and sensitivity assessment is used to reduce model's assumption uncertainty. The proposed research highlights the very important aspect of uncertainty reduction which will help to improve the effectiveness of PSA by controlling and monitoring of the safety factors in a more reliable and better manner in risk assessment strategies.


Base on time domain AR model,a detail process for simulating road surface roughness was described and discussed how to use this method to generate a signal.The simulation results proved that power spectrum of the signal fitted to requests proposed by GB7301-86 and successfully apply the signal to use in testing device.


Abstract : Baron Henri Jomini is generally recognized as the dominant military strategist during much of the 19th century. However, technological advances at mid-century lead to extremely high casualties when tactics were not materially changed from those used during the Napoleonic Wars. The apparent failure of Jominian thought in the mid-nineteeth century has caused some to believe that he has little to offer in the modern context. On the strategic and policy level, this is not the case and his thoughts do provide some insight into the modern world.


Objective: To investigate the operation treatment methods and the curative effect of proximal humeral fracture.Method:38 patients with proximal humerus fracture,who were divided by Neer classification,the two part fractures in 23 cases,the three part fractures in 10 cases,the four part fractures in 5 cases.Among 18 cases of two part fractures by closed reduction and internal fixation with Kirschner wire,In 5 cases of two part fractures and 6 cases of three part fracture by limited open reduction and Clover plate internal fixation;In 4 cases of three part fractures and 2 cases of four part fractures with open reduction and internal fixation with locking proximal humeral plate;In 3 cases of four part fractures of the humeral head replacement.By early postoperative reasonable function exercise.Result: Postoperative follow-up 5-40 months,An average of 20.1months.All underwent internal fixation of the fractures healed,no recurrence of deformity healing.Healing time was 6-10 weeks,an average of 8 weeks.artificial humeral head replacement,no loosening of prostheses and complications.On postoperative shoulder function all by Michael Reese Medical Center scoring criteria for the assessment,The excellent and good rate was 86.84%.Conclusion: Through the preoperative patients of fracture are adequately assessed,selection of suitable operation scheme,After giving a positive rational function exercise,can obtain good therapeutic effect.


The hydration of α-pinene has been studied in the presence of Y-zeolite (Si/Al = 2.89) as a solid acid catalyst. The reaction was performed in batch reactor in isopropyl alcohol at various temperature and reaction time with magnetic stirrer. The acid catalyst hydration reaction of a-pinene yields a complex mixture of monoterpenes, alcohols and hydrocarbons. The selectivity of α-terpineol (the monocyclic alcohol) as main product was 59.20% with a conversion of 83.83% and the non alcoholic as the isomerization co-product as 30% after 60 min at 65 °C. The conversion and selectivity to α-terpineol increase significantly with in increase in temperature and reaction times.


The biological studies on cyanide are unique in that they preceded the chemical preparation of the substance (1). The last comprehensive review on the pharma cology and toxicology of cyanide was written by Dr. Reid Hunt at Johns Hopkins University in 1923 (2); however, this review was written in German. Recently, other books and monographs on cyanide have appeared (3, 4). The present review is restricted to selected aspects of cyanide and is primarily concerned with a descriptive and interpretive appraisal of the status of cyanide intoxication and its mechanism of antagonism. Cyanide bas created complex problems for modem society and these prob lems have evolved not only from industrial pollution but, paradoxically, from an inadvertent attempt to resolve pollution problems (5). Its use as a suicidal, homicidal, chemical warfare, and genocidal agent is well known. Toxic prob lems have been associated with ingesting cyanide-containing foods, and occu pational hazards have arisen as the industrial use of cyanide has increased. In medicine, it has created problems because some drugs with nitrile moieties liberate cyanide. Much of the toxicological interest in cyanide has focused on its rapid lethal action; however, its most widely distributed toxicologic problems are due to its chronic toxicity from dietary, industrial, and environmental factors. Cyanide is not wholly a toxin synthesized by civilization, as it existed in prebiotic times and was involved in biogenesis. In addition, cyanide is produced by various organisms and plants in our environment and has a role in normal metabolism.


[Extract] The genus Lindernia All. (Linderniaceae Borsch, K. Mull. Eb.Fisch.) is a pantropical genus represented in Australia by approximately 50 species. In Australia, many of the species are yet to be formally named, especially those from Northern Territory.


Over a billion and a half humans around the world can read, while no animals appear to be able to do so. Reading allows humans in different physical locations, social groups, and historical periods to communicate with each other, sharing ideas from the simple to the complex, from the artistic to the mundane, from the philosophic to the fashionable, and from day – to -day events to highly specific technical reports. Reading thus crosses the borders of space, time, society, culture and generation. It is of high importance to use appropriate teaching techniques and methods when educating students to read. Multilanguage groups need extra attention and effort. The most popular methods of training in reading are method of "the whole words", phonetic and linguistic method.


SUMMARY In this paper, we present the finite cube elements method (FCEM); a novel numerical tool for calculating the gravity anomaly g and structural index SI of solid models with defined boundaries and variable density distributions, tilted or in normal position (e.g. blocks, faulted blocks, cylinders, spheres, hemispheres, triaxial ellipsoids). Extending the calculation to fractal objects, such as Menger sponges of different orders and bodies defined by polyhedrons, demonstrates the robustness of FCEM. In addition, approximating the cube element by a sphere of equal volume makes the calculation of gravitation and related derivatives much simpler. In gravity modelling of a sphere, cubes with edges of 100 m and 200 m achieve a good compromise between running time and overall error. Displaying the distribution of SI of the studied models on contour maps and profiles will have a strong impact on the forward and inverse modelling of potential field data, especially for Euler deconvolution. For Menger sponges, plots of gravity elements g and its derivatives show similar patterns independent of fractal order. Moreover, both the pattern and magnitude of SI are independent of fractal order, allowing the use of SI as a new invariant measure for fractal objects. However, SI pattern and magnitude strongly depend on the depth to the buried bodies as do other elements In this study, we also present a new type of plot; the structural index against distance variation diagrams from which we extract the three critical SI (CSI) values, one per axis. The inversion of gravity anomaly data at CSI values gives the optimal mean location of the buried body.


3 patients with bilateral osseous congenital choanal atresia (CCA) are described. In each instance there were associated anomalies of the foregut. The necessity for early diagnosis of bilateral CCA is discussed. Management involves decisions about the timing and type of surgery to remove the obstruction. A method of ensuring an adequate airway until an infant can withstand surgery is described and an operative technique for removal of the obstruction via the anterior nares, which gave good results in 2 out of the 3 patients, is outlined.


Glucose levels in crayfish hemolymph are enhanced by the crustacean hyperglycemic hormone (CHH); at present there is some evidence that this action is mediated by cyclic nucleotides. CHH is capable of stimulating adenylate cyclase in the abdominal muscle. There is an increase in cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP contents in hepatopancreas and abdominal muscle after CHH injection. Cyclic nucleotides are able to evoke the same reaction as CHH in vivo and in vitro . Cyclic nucleotide-dependent protein kinases are activated by the hormone, which leads to a phosphorylation and therefore inhibition of glycogen synthase. So far, an effect of purified hormone on phosphorylase and phosphorylase kinase has not been demonstrated in the abdominal muscle.


Paddy (Oryza sativa L.) is second largest major cereal crop a member of grass family (Graminaceae), which produces starchy seeds. Rice is used as an important staple food by the people in many parts of the world after wheat. Puffed rice is a popular snack food product in India and has been widely produced for centuries. Reliable figures on the volume of the puffed rice production in India are not available. But it has been estimated that about 10% of rice is converted into rice food snack items. At present the puffed rice is made at cottage and semi-mechanized levels and mostly in a batch type unit.


The problem of segregation for non-crystallizable species, as a mass transfer problem during isothermal crystallization, is considered with a suitable boundary condition for the semicrystalline polymeric materials. The velocity of the growth front of an isolated spherulite is considered to be depressed as a result of segregation during crystallization and it is assumed to be inversely proportional to the square root of time. A self-similar solution has been found and shows that the species concentration, at the growth front, increases with increasing the growth-to-diffusion ratio but it is independent on the time of crystallization. The segregated species concentration in the diffusion layer, near the growth front, increases with crystallization time, this is considered to be the reason of depressing the growth velocitywith time.


Noise probably the single most important performance metric of the high-speed transimpedance amplifier (TIA), which directly sets the sensitivity of optical receiver. The transimpedance limit which dictates the maximum achievable transimpedance gain of the TIA also turns out to fundamentally limit the TIA noise performance. In this tutorial, we analyze and explore two circuit design approaches to overcome the transimpedance limit. The first approach (Type I) realizes a divide-and-conquer methodology to separate the noise-bandwidth problem and solve them individually. The second approach (Type II) employs a multi-stage stagger-tuned amplifier. Both approaches can overcome the transimpedance limit, forming an effective toolkit for the design of low-noise high-speed TIA for high-sensitivity CMOS optical receivers in current and future applications.


The elephant is not only the national symbol of Thailand but also a keystone and umbrella species. The success of its conservation will benefit other species sympatric with the elephant, and also enhance the conservation of biodiversity across a large area in Thailand. Because there has been no research associated with conservation biology of elephant in the past, this research investigated the present status of Thailand's elephant, both "domesticated" and "wild" populations in the following topics: number and distribution, conservation problems, and situation of man and wild elephant conflict, current conservation measures and evaluation. Then diversified management options based on wildlife conservation, animal welfare and socioeconomy of the country are proposed. Data for analysis was derived from documentary research and field surveys. Available data from relevant organizations both published and unpublished were collected. Seven elephant camps were visited and the camp owners, veterinarians and the mahouts were interviewed. Man and wild elephant conflict in seven protected areas are studied, with intensively at Kui Buri. A workshop with protected areas' superintendents and meetings with local people were sources of data. A systematic census to estimate the density, total wild elephant population and geographical distribution pattern was conducted in the prime habitat of river valley in Huai Kha Khaeng Wildlife Sanctuary, using line transects-indirect method (dung count) and a spatial statistical technique. Results showed about 6,000 elephants exist in Thailand. About 3,000 are domesticated elephants and 95% of them belong to private owners. At present, they are slightly increasing due to improvement of birth rate (4−6% annually) from veterinary care and mobile vet clinics carried out by GOs and NGOs, and buying younger elephants from the border. However, the population trend is not sustainable because the population structure is predominantly composed of predominant middle age and old beast. And the reproductive females have not produced enough calves to replace them and survival rate of calves is low. Elephant utilization and mahout livelihood have been controlled through capitalism system. Tourism and elephant camps are not a complete solution for unemployed elephants. Fund raising for elephant saving during the past decade has emphasized "animal welfare" and "humane" rather than "conservation". About 3,000 wild elephants exist in at least 65 protected areas in all regions, except the central plain. The total area inhabited by wild elephants is about 55,000 km. However, this is not one regional geographical unit and wild elephants often live in small fragmented and isolated areas, which support fewer than 100 animals. There are six forest complexes that can be managed as elephant reserves and contain significant elephant numbers for long-term conservation. Huai Kha Khaeng and Thung Yai Wildlife Sanctuaries contain the largest wild population of the country and still constitute prime elephant habitat in riverine valleys. Due to the large scale of country development in the past, safety of elephant habitats and increase of wild elephant populations in the present have increased human-elephant conflict (crop raiding) in many areas. However, HM the King and the Queen-initiated projects with other sectors involving have contributed to resolving the problems and measures in keeping protected areas without enclave of settlements and cultivated lands, limit of people's accessibility are the strength of the solution. Lack of evaluation, monitoring and coordination of stakeholders at a local level in the problem solving is the weakness. Coordination among concerned people by using adaptive management process or learning by doing with research support and additional solutions are required for future management effort. Both wild and domesticated elephants should be managed together to maintain the high genetic variation needed for their long-term conservation.


In an attempt to study the possibility of substituting sweet potato for cereals as raw materials for Kochujang, three kinds of Kochujang were made from barley, sweet potato or 50% barley and 50% sweet potato, The results of component variation during the ripening and the effect of temperature on the aging in the harvesting season of sweet potato were as follows: 1) Kochujang is, usually, manufactured in May, but no difference was observed in aging condition when it was manufactured in September, the season of sweet potato harvest, since the inner temperature of the product was around . 2) The total reducing sugar content and maturity reached maximum after of fermentation in the three treatments and crude fat content tended to be slightly decreased during fermentation. 3) Lightness in color of the three kinds of Kochujang decreased by exposure to sunlight. Sweetpotato Kochujang showed a stronger tendency to increase the redness as compared with the rest. 4) Sensory evaluation showed that sweet potato Kochujang was less acceptable than barley Kochujang due to disagreeable flavor of sweet potato but mixed Kochujang showed little difference, as compared with barley Kochujang.


A diet high in fruit and vegetables has been linked to an increased ovarian cancer survival rate by a recent study carried out at the University of Illinois (IL, USA). The study set out to evaluate the hypothesis that ovarian cancer patients whose prediagnosis diet closely reflected health recommendations experience a survival advantage compared with women with ovarian cancer who had previously reported poorer diets. A sample of 341 women from Illinois diagnosed with incident epithelial ovarian cancer between 1994 and 1998 were studied. These women had all previously participated in a case–control study that collected demographic, clinico–pathologic, and lifestyle-related information, including details regarding diet. The participants had each completed a food questionnaire. The data collected from these questionnaires were categorized using the Dietary Guidelines for Americans 2005. The study found that higher total fruit and vegetable consumption, as well as higher vegetable consumption alone led to a survival advantage. A statistically significant improvement in survival was also observed for women who regularly ate healthier grains, whereas higher intakes of less healthy meats were linked to a survival disadvantage. Further subgroup analyses showed that only yellow vegetables and cruciferous vegetables, such as those belonging to the cabbage and cauliflower family, had a significant association with longer survival time. The association between high-meat diets and shorter survival rate was specifically linked to the red and cured/processed meat subgroups. "The study findings suggest that food patterns 3–5 years prior to a diagnosis of epithelial ovarian cancer have the potential to influence survival time" the authors explain in the recent Journal of the American Dietetic Association article. The study concluded that prediagnosis adherence to healthy diets reflecting recommendations for optimal nutrition and cancer prevention may have benefits that continue even once an ovarian cancer patient has been diagnosed. Lead author Therese Dolecek from the School of Public Health, University of Illinois, commented that "well-designed future studies that evaluate the long-term effects of preand post-diet on ovarian cancer outcomes will be necessary to confirm and better understand the real implications of our study findings."


No one individual can digest the 5,647 posters and myriad oral presentations and panel discussions, but certain themes emerged, even to the casual observer. Poster numbers are included.


The aim of the present study is to describe the variation in the morbidity and fetal death during pregnancy in rural and urban mothers with related factors in a population based prospective study of pregnancies in Vellore district mothers. In this study of morbidity and fetal death rates expressed in different parts of the world are discussed. The associations of morbidity and fetal death with some of its correlation namely, genetic, obstetric, socioeconomic and environmental factors are reviewed with significant variable maternal age, gravida, parity, previous morbidity and fetal death and pregnancy interval on morbidity and fetal death using descriptive statistics.


Dithiocarbamates of oxometal cations have received limited attention 13. This note describes the preparation of some dioxouranium(VI) dithiocarbamates and their donor ability towards soft acceptors. Dioxouranium(VI) acetate (BDH) was converted to dioxouranium(VI) hydroxide, 0zU(OH)z, by interaction with aqueous ammonium hydroxide. Carbon disulphide (BDH), amines, 2,2'-dimethoxypropane and triethyl orthoformate (Aldrich) were distilled/recrystallised before use. The solvents were purified by conventional methods. Dioxouranium(VI) dithiocarbamates were prepared by insertion of carbon disulphide between dioxouranium(VI) hydroxide and amines in 2,2'dimethoxypropane or triethyl orthoformate medium. In a representative experiment, to a mixture of fresWy prepared dioxouranium(VI) hydroxide (10 mmol) and carbon disulphide (20 mmoI) suspended in 2,2'-dimethoxypropane (25 mI) was added morpholine (20 mmol) in the~ame solvent (20 mI) at 20°C with constant stirring. The reaction mixture was further stirred for several hr. The precipitated dioxouranium(VI) bis-(morpholine dithiocarbamate) was filtered, washed with ether and dried in vacuo over P401O' Identical products were also obtained by the metathetical reaction between dioxouranium(VI) acetate and ammonium morpholine dithiocarbamate. Interaction of dioxouranium(VI) bis-(morpholine dithiocarbamate) with soft lewis acids such as Hg(II), Cd(ll) and Ag(I) yielded new bimetallic dithiocarbamates. In a typical experiment, to a stirring methanolic solution of dioxouranium(VI) bis-(morpholine dithiocarbamate) (10 mmol) was added HgClz (20 mmol) in acetone-methanol mixture. The reaction mixture was stirred for about 10 hr. The precipitated product was washed several times with acetone-methanol mixture and dried in vacuo over


Implementing the developing teachers evaluation is one of the important subjects in the curriculum reform of the basic education.However,nowadays,many school are still applying encouraging and punishing teachers evaluation.In practice,it needs many units like education administration departments,schools and teachers themse lves to make efforts together to achieve the reforming of the present sole encouraging and punishing assessment to the combination of encouraging and punishing assessment and developing evaluation.


The dual-mode emission and multicolor outputs in the time domain from core-shell microcrystals are presented. The core-shell microcrystals, with NaYF4:Yb/Er as the core and NaYF4:Ce/Tb/Eu as the shell, were successfully fabricated by employing the hydrothermal method, which confines the activator ions into a separate region and minimizes the effect of surface quenching. The material is capable of both upconversion and downshifting emission, and their multicolor outputs in response to 980 nm near-infrared (NIR) excitation laser and 252 nm, and 395 nm ultraviolet (UV) excitation light have been investigated. Furthermore, the tunable color emissions by controlling the Tb3+-Eu3+ ratio in shells and the energy transfer of Ce3+→Tb3+→Eu3+ were discussed in details. In addition, color tuning of core-shell-structured microrods from green to red region in the time domain could be obtained by setting suitable delay time. Due to downshifting multicolor outputs (time-resolved and pump-wavelength-induced downshifting) coupled with the upconversion mode, the core-shell microrods can be potentially applied to displays and high-level security.


To develop the genetic markers linked to the fertility restoring gene (Rf) found in continuous backcross progenies between Allium galanthum Kar. et Kir. (cytoplasm donor) and A. fistulosum L., isozymes and RAPDs were analyzed in the male fertile and male sterile plants in the backcross progenies (B3aB5). In isozyme analysis of six enzymes which showed interspecific polymorphisms between A. galanthum and A. fistulosum, all the male fertile plants in the B3, B4, and B5 generations had both alleles of A. galanthum and A. fistulosum at the phosphoglucoisomerase isozyme gene locus Pgi-1, whereas all the male sterile plants had only the allele of A. fistulosum. These results indicate that the Pgi-1 of A. galanthum is linked to the Rf locus. In RAPD analysis using 27 random decamer primers which showed interspecific polymorphisms between A. galanthum and A. fistulosum, all the male fertile plants had an A. galanthum-specific band (OPE03700), whereas none of the male sterile plants had this band. These results indicate that the OPE03700 is linked to the Rf locus. These two genetic markers developed in this study will be useful to identify the genotypes at the Rf locus.


The target of modern dentistry is the achievement of a natural aesthetic outcome, function and stability using a minimally invasive, maximally effective technique and in a reasonable period. This case study demonstrates that new philosophies concerning implant design, provisional and final abutment design, as well as paradigm shifts in treatment approaches, can lead to superior aesthetic results. In full-arch implant-supported restoration, immediate placement with immediate loading has been well documented. The literature shows a high success rate of 97 % with this kind of treatment in the mandible11-17 and of 96 % in the maxilla.18-20 Osseointegration of implants has been achieved routinely and with a high degree of success. Contemporary implant dentistry focuses on aesthetic success aside from functional results. One of the compromises in aesthetics in a situation of adjacent implants is the short papilla between two implants, where a maximum length of 3.5 mm can be achieved.1 This can be explained by loss of the interimplant bone.


This paper explores the experience of women in academia by looking both back and at the present. We consider two women who searched for and found academic accomplishment. Together, they serve as representatives of a new way of living for women in the late-19th and early-20th centuries. Eliza Ritchie (1856-1933) from Canada and Maria Goyri (1873-1954) from Spain are exemplars of the emerging contributions of women in the academy as part of the changing role for women in Western culture and the need for women to support each other in shared feminist causes. These women shared the same time period, the same intellectual values, the same commitment to scholarship, and the same incredible determination to help develop a modern society that could embrace the full incorporation of women. This paper considers their accomplishments in light of academia today in both Canada and Spain in regards to the advancement of women. It also examines some lingering inequalities in terms of tenure and promotion, salary, research capacity, administrative and leadership positions. Such an international collaboration contributes to the shared sense of sisterhood for women in academia today.


This study aimed to screen the secondary metabolites present in ten wild mushroom samples. All samples tested positive for phenols, flavonoids, and alkaloids, while six samples showed positive results for steroids and four for terpenoids. Phlobatannins were present in six samples, and glycosides were present in four. No anthraquinones were detected in any samples. In-vitro α-amylase inhibitory assay showed promising anti-diabetic potential, with inhibition ranging from 12.34 ± 0.50 to 93.86 ± 0.12% among the tested mushrooms. Samples 1M and 3M exhibited high inhibitory activity against α-amylase. These findings suggest that these wild mushrooms could be utilized to develop novel nutraceuticals with potential human health benefits.


Boron nitride (BN) nanotubes were obtained in high yield via chemical vapor deposition by annealing Fe3BO6 under NH3 atmosphere at 1100 °C. The XRD and FTIR spectra indicate the products are high p...


Objective To establish an effective qualitative discrimination method for Selaginella medicinal materials.Meth- ods Thin layer chromatography(TLC)method was used.Results The TLC method has a good specialization for identifying Selaginella medicinal materials and can distinguish Selaginella rnoellendorfii from other 10 familiar species in northern areas of Guangdong province.Conclusion The method can help to control the quality of Selaginella moellendorfii Tablet.


### Clinical bottom line

This latest revision of national guidance on asthma management was produced jointly by the British Thoracic Society (BTS) and the Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network (SIGN) in October 2014 and marks the largest revision to date including changes to the guideline structure.1 Established standards for guideline development were followed to produce recommendations for the emergency and long-term management of asthma in children, adolescents and adults. There was wide stakeholder input from national and international individuals and institutions, with opportunity for feedback via conferences and websites; the guideline was also reviewed by independent expert referees and underwent editorial review to ensure comments were addressed and bias was minimised. It provides a basis for high-quality care for acute and chronic asthma, and a stimulus for research in the areas in which evidence is still lacking.

The first joint BTS/SIGN asthma guideline was published in 2003 as a 'living guideline', with annual updates between 2004 and 2012, and every two years since; this is the first such update. In this revision, BTS/SIGN have helpfully presented a new section of key recommendations for implementation and linked these to the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) Quality Standard (QS) for asthma, which was published in February 2013.2

### Diagnosis


Cooperation in the EU between Member States and with Associated Countries on national public research programming has received a lot of attention in recent years, and will continue to do so under Europe 2020. This NETWATCH Policy Brief looks at the current policy context and rationales for transnational coordination of research programming, and aims to measure progress made so far in doing so. It looks both at coordination of public national research budgets and at cooperation between nations under the framework programmes, Horizon 2020 and Cohesion policy.


Traditional educative systems, had convert students in passive recipient, who are keeping Recibido: Marzo 3 de 2006. Aceptado: Abril 17 de 2006. * Ph.D, Profesora titular. ** Ph.D, Profesora principal. + M.D., MSc, Profesora principal, Unidad de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciencias Básicas, Facultad de Medicina, Colegio Mayor Universidad del Rosario. Autor correspondiente: María Orfa Rojas, Unidad de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad del Rosario, firstname.lastname@example.com Artículo de reflexión information without any possibility to process and apply it for the solution of daily problems. General discussion between educative researchers, had been establish the necessity to change the educative strategies that have been supporting those situations, looking for an integral education of the individual in terms of the capacity to argue, to create, to innovate, to develop by him self with independence. Governments, institutions and the politics requirements, that handle the globalization and the human development based in the knowledge economy, demand changes in the pedagogical system strategies in spite of the barriers from the traditional educative system. Responding to these necessity, the Biochemistry Department belong to the Basic Sciences Institute from the Medicine Faculty in the University of Rosario, is applying a different pedagogical strategy.


Abstract The effect of different monovalent cations on the packing arrangements and phase behavior of dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) in excess water and on the transition of the lamellar phase from the gel to liquid crystalline configuration has been investigated using differential scanning calorimetry and synchrotron radiation at the Daresbury Laboratory. Bilayers of DPPC in 1M KC1 or water appear to undergo the same transition sequences without any change in the kinetics of phase induction. It was also observed that bilayers of DPPC in the presence of 1M LiCl produced no small angle x-ray scattering peaks characteristic of the Pβ, phase.


The establishment of quality products and services is essential for the growth of the profession. One of the ways of achieving this is through the better understaing of curriculum preparation processes. This article reviews the major components and provides an overview of some major curriculum issues. COMMERCIAL RECREATION AND TOURISM: A SUGGESTED EDUCATIONAL PROGRAM AND PHILOSOPHY There will be considerable growth in industries related to commercial recreation and tourism services and development in the next decade. The increased operational complexity of this industry coupled with greater competitive pressures between and within the various segments of the industry requires that more people be formally trained to work in the industry. Recreation and leisure services, tourism, and other functionally related academic programs must be geared towards giving student� the broad based skills which are required to obtain entry level jobs in these industries if academe is to make a substantial contribution to the training of personnel for the industry. Academe must communicate with the industry to foster an understanding of what formally trained people can do to improve the industry as well as to find out what the industry feels are the most needed skills for young people who wish to enter the industry. The academic sector must also provide an increased amount of outreach services such as research and educational seminars to the industry. These outreach services will help the industry obtain a greater understanding of how the academic and industrial sector can interrelate.


Although medicine based on scientific principles is gaining ground, in India, the efforts to advance the ethical principle of respect for patients' autonomous choices appear to lag behind. Illiteracy, poverty and inexperience in making autonomous choices were given as the reasons. When the same reasons were not impediments in choosing and participating in a representative form of government, why should they matter in making autonomous choices and participating in medical decisions – jointly with health-care practitioners?Autonomy or self-determination is a Human Right. Legally, it is upheld by most constitutions around the world; ethically, it continues to receive worldwide approbation. By the virtue of this right, health-care providers are obliged to breakdown medical information enabling patients – individually or collaboratively – to choose and authorise a course of action or entrust it to the good judgment of others. Inexperience or illiteracy, as India's grand experiment in democracy proves, may be overcome by reaching out to the patients: Taking time to talk with them (instead of speed-reading) or to the extended family members and including them in crucial conversations. It is obvious that the ideals of autonomic expression and full democratic participation are yet to be realised. Our immediate obligation, it seems, is to understand the reasons why we lag behind respecting patients' autonomous choices; at the same time, institute reasonable controls which, when conjoined with our knowledge of its binding principles, would lead us to make apposite decisions were we to apply them uniformly. A few examples are as follows: (a) a signature-line in the consent form to capture family agreement to patient's choices, (b) mandatory International Conference on Harmonisation/Good Clinical Practice training for entire teamof health-care practitioners and Institutional Review Board (IRB)/Independent Ethics Committee (IEC) members involved in research on humans and (c) empower IRB/IEC to audit clinical trials and certify compliance with Indian Council On Medical Research standards. Anything less, than this, would seem to be unethical.


The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) (APA, 1994) was revised in 1994 to include the diagnosis of a life threatening illness as a traumatic stressor constituting Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). This inclusion prompted further research into PTSD in survivors of cancer. Understanding the prevalence of PTSD in breast cancer survivors is complicated due to the lack of generalisation of studies, small sample sizes and variance in methodology. This review highlights the need for psychological support for breast cancer patients at every stage, from diagnosis to treatment and post-treatment. The importance of clinical psychology within oncology departments is paramount.


The Intel Core i7 processor, belongs to the new processor generation using Nehalem micro architecture & it is the latest in cutting edge processor with faster intelligent, multi core technology for the desktop PC. We can make faster applications and unleash incredible digital media creation. The core i7 processor is a combination of Intel Turbo Boost technology and Intel HyperThreading technology, which maximizes performance to match your workload. The Intelreg Coretrade i7 processor code named Nehalem has a novel feature called Turbo Boost which dynamically varies the frequencies of the processor's cores. The frequency of a core is determined by core temperature, the number of active cores, the estimated power and the estimated current consumption. We perform an extensive analysis of the Turbo Boost technology to characterize its behavior in varying workload conditions. Furthermore, we analyze the capability of Turbo Boost to mitigate Amdahl's law by accelerating sequential phases of parallel applications. Finally, we estimate the impact of the Turbo Boost technology on the overall energy consumption. We found that Turbo Boost can provide (on average) up to a 6% reduction in execution time but can result in an increase in energy consumption up to 16%. Our results also indicate that Turbo Boost sets the processor to operate at maximum frequency when the mapping of threads to hardware contexts is sub-optimal. Introduction: The Intel's new technology is multi-core processor has a unique feature called Turbo Boost Technology. The i7 processor increases the frequency of the cores based on the core temperature, the number of active cores, the estimated current consumption, and the estimated power consumption. Generally, the Core i7 processor can operate at frequencies between 1.5 GHz and 3.2 GHz (non-Turbo Boost frequency/base frequency) in frequency steps of 133.33 MHz. The Turbo Boost technology enabled, the processor can increase the frequency of cores two further levels to 3.3 GHz and then 3.4 GHz. Turbo Boost is made possible by a processor feature named power gating. Traditionally, an idle processor core consumes zero active power while still dissipating static power due to leakage current. Power gating aims to cut the leakage current as well, thereby further is reducing the power consumption of the idle core. The extra power headroom available can be diverted to the active cores to increase their voltage and frequency without violating the power, voltage, and thermal envelope. Turbo Boost Technology essentially makes the Nehalem a dynamically asymmetric multicore processor (AMP); cores use the same instruction set but their frequency can vary independently and dynamically at runtime. Amdhal's Law: In the world of parallel computing or in general of high performances one of the metric more useful for evaluating the gain reachable in an implementation on many processors of a program in comparison with its serial uni-processor version is the speedup S defined as the ratio between the time Tser occurred for the execution of the serial program and the time Tpar occurred for its parallel version: International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT) Vol. 2 Issue 1, January 2013 ISSN: 2278-0181 1 www.ijert.org IJ E R T IJ E R T


The utility model relates to a seal with a lock, which is characterized in that a seal handle is hollow and the inner part is provided with a lock. A lock sleeve is provided with a lock core with assembling sheets of a lock sheet and can be opened and closed by inserting a key. One end of the lock core is provided with the locking sheet to be fixed and the lock is tightly matched with a screw rod. One side of the lock is provided with a supporting sheet. One end of the supporting sheet is penetrated into a notch slot of the locking sheet and the other end is attached under the seal handle. The edge of a cover opening is provided with a concave opening. When the concave opening and the entire seal are closed or opened, the supporting sheet is tightly matched or disconnected.