Graphically estimating a person's pose is a computer vision task called human pose estimation. Predicting the location of a person's body parts or joints is an everyday use case for this method. The vast number of potential uses for this kind of technology has made it one of the most intriguing areas of study in computer vision. To estimate a human's 3D stance from 2D photos, the location of the important body joints in 3D space shall be determined. Despite extensive research in the field of computer vision, this issue continues to pose significant difficulties. This is because the depth information is lost when obtaining 2D images of 3D objects, leading to ambiguity. While using a 2D Image as input, only a portion of a person's body is exhibited; estimating their 3D position is challenging. In this study, we offer methods for recovering a human's 3D position from a 2D photograph when just a portion of the body is visible. Any situation where some of the body's major joints are outside the image's bounds is considered a partial body presence. The presence of these joints in the input image is also detected by a CNN network that we propose. We propose integrating the two networks to determine the full human posture in 3 Dimensional Space and the partial 3D human pose calculated by the detection network. Comparing our experimental results to those of the state-of-the-art demonstrates the efficacy of our methods in the presence of a partially-occluded body. Furthermore, the experimental results show that the 3D human posture may be estimated more accurately from 2D pictures using a linear regression rather than an intermediary stage of 2D pose estimation.


The discovery of the Higgs boson like particle with the mass of around 126 GeV has given us a great clue to know what is the true Higgs sector. New physics models at the TeV scale often introduce Higgs sectors extended from the minimal form, so that the determination of the Higgs sector can be a probe of new physics models. In this talk, we focus on the Higgs sector with exotic representation fields whose isospin is larger than 1/2. We first discuss the general features of exotic Higgs sectors, and then we consider several concrete models to clarify them. The phenomenology of the Higgs triplet model is discussed as the simple but important example.


Certain features of leaf development which were established some fifty years ago, should not be overlooked. These are primarily the basipetal and basifugal types of growth, which may be verified by collecting mature leaves, and which can profitably be taught to students of elementary botany. Among the basipetal leaves of the earlier writers there are two radically different types, represented by the rose and blackberry respectively. The rose should be separated from this class and its leaf development may be described as stipular. Mature leaves indicate that the rose stipules are formed before the lateral leaflets, as observed by Trecul and Lubbock but denied by Eichler. The formation of relatively simple leaves in plants which bear lobed or compound forms may be described embryologically, as an arrest of development in the primordial leaf followed by a stage of expansion, or by expansion before the embryological stage has been completed. Rapidity of growth may account for the constant location of the simpler leaves near the cotyledons, bud scales and sepals.


Two-stage instance segmentation relies on the correctness of the Region Proposal Network (RPN). To improve the accuracy of RPN, we propose a slight modification of the two-stage object detection network Faster R-CNN as a region proposal network. First, we remove the class branch of the second stage of Faster R-CNN and use the box regression as the output of the entire proposal network. Then we add a new box regression branch, classification branch, and segmentation branch as the final output. Finally, we train the entire network. The results show a great improvement in segmentation accuracy.


Chen et al. : Integrated Analysis of Transcriptome in Interleukin-10 Interleukin 10 is one of the important cytokines of immune system inflammatory response in critical diseases such as sepsis. The regulation mechanism of its signal pathway and the mining of key members can provide targets for disease diagnosis and treatment. A large number of studies have analyzed the response of interleukin 10 treated cells by means of transcriptome and identified the members of signal pathway from differentially expressed genes. However, the conditions of different studies are different, resulting in great differences in results. It is necessary to integrate and analyze the inherent differentially expressed genes. In this study, we collected 17 sets of transcriptome experimental results, all of which were analyzed in the treatment of interleukin 10 in peripheral blood cells. Through meta-analysis of 4695 gene expression in all experiments, we screened 134 genes, which were statistically significant differentially expressed genes in the random effect model (p<0.005). These genes enrich biological pathways related to immunity and wounding. Among them, the p value of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1, leupaxin, FAM20A Golgi associated secretory pathway pseudo kinase and interferon induced protein 44 is ≤9.82e-06. In 17 groups of experiments, the difference trend is relatively consistent and more experiments have detected more than twice the difference. These genes are valuable biomarkers for interleukin 10 related diseases such as sepsis. At the same time, it is a key member of the relatively more conservative interleukin 10 signaling pathway under different conditions.


Some graphics literature gives the definition of two point and three point perspective view, and generates these views by means of rotation and translation. These concepts are misleading. The real situation is, they are two vanishing points and three vanishing points view under one point perspective transformation. This paper gives the explanation.


A torque converter in automatic transmission consists of the hydrodynamic clutch device and the lock-up clutch device. Especially the piston in lock-up clutch device connected leaf-spring, piston drive plate. And the piston drive plate welded with piston hub using electron beam welding. This test evaluates the piston assembly durability according to changes excitation torque. So measure the deformation of products due to the increase of the durability cycle and check the E.B welding parts.


By using the theory of environmental value chain,the performance of resources saver and environment friendly in flowing production are analyzed,and setup a cycle-reusing network model of the offal supply chain.After quantitative analyzing the eco-efficiency of different ways of disposal the offal,a judging criterion of ways of offal disposal is summarized.At the end,a data example of Guitang Group proves the feasibility of this method.The results show the obvious eco-efficiency of the group by extending the industry chain when dealing with the offal.


Abstract The PETRA facility is the first installation in which experiments with tritium were carried out at the Tritium Laboratory Karlsruhe. After completion of two main experimental programs, the decommissioning of PETRA was initiated with the aim to reuse the glove box and its main still valuable components. A decommissioning plan was engaged to: i) identify the source of tritium release in the glove box, ii) clarify the status of the main components, iii) assess residual tritium inventories, and iv) detritiate the components to be disposed of as waste. Several analytical techniques - calorimetry on small solid samples, wipe test followed by liquid scintillation counting for surface contamination assessment, gas chromatography on gaseous samples - were deployed and cross-checked to assess the remaining tritium inventories and initiate the decommissioning process. The methodology and the main outcomes of the numerous different tritium measurements are presented and discussed.


The present paper is aimed at studying the effect of temperature dependent properties of elastic materials on wave propagation in a microstretch generalized thermoelastic solid. The mathematical model has been simplified by using the Helmholtz decomposition technique and secular equations connecting phase velocity with wave number, for symmetric and skew symmetric wave modes are derived. Phase velocity, attenuation coefficients, amplitude ratios and specific loss are obtained. The results obtained are compared with those obtained by author previous work. Finally, in order to illustrate the analytical developments, the numerical solution of secular equations, amplitude ratios and specific loss with wave number for different angle of inclination is carried out for magnesium crystal material with the help of Descartes' algorithm. This type of study has many applications in various fields of science and technology.


Background: children safety is an essential and vital component of healthcare quality.Strengthen the safetyenvironmentfor child care with hazardous hospital environments is considered essential nursing role. Aim: to evaluate the effect of educational program on nurses ' performance regarding children safety measures at Minia Hospitals. Design: A Quasi-experimental research design was utilized in this study. Setting: The study was conducted at pediatric medical departments & critical care unit in Minia University Hospital for obstetrics & pediatrics, General Hospital and Masr Elhora Hospital. Sample: A convenient sample of 45 nurses was included in this study. The tools of data collection:1) Pre-designed questionnaire sheet to assess nurses knowledge regarding children safety in hospital, 2) safety attitudequestionnaire to measure safety attitude. 3) Observation checklists sheet followed by designed educational and training program. Results: There was positive correlation coefficient between nurses' total knowledge, attitude and practice scores in post-test. Conclusion: that, by the implementation of the program there was remarkable improvement of nurses' knowledge and practices; it was clear in post-test results. Recommendations: Developing periodical training programs regarding children safety for the nurses working at pediatric departments to improve their knowledge, attitude and performance and to be aware of the significance of child safety in their work areas.


Key Points Question What level of access to vaccination services do Medicaid programs provide to adult beneficiaries enrolled in fee-for-service and managed care organization arrangements? Findings In this survey study of Medicaid programs, 22 of 51 programs covered all 13 adult vaccines recommended by the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices for both fee-for-service and managed care organization enrollees. Reimbursement for vaccine administration was disparate; median vaccine purchase reimbursement was highly variable relative to manufacturer-reported private sector price. Meaning These findings suggest that most adult Medicaid beneficiaries do not have access to all 13 Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices–recommended adult vaccines; low reimbursement for vaccine administration and purchase may disincentivize health care professionals to vaccinate low-income adults.


Generally, for the response spectrum analysis for the seismic design of a pile-supported wharf, it is suggested that the virtual fixed point be utilized. The virtual fixed point is known to be useful for static-behavior evaluation, but it is not certain that the results of the response spectrum analysis utilizing the virtual fixed point are reliable. In this study, the result of the response spectrum analysis of a pile-supported wharf considering the virtual fixed point and of the dynamic analysis results not considering the virtual fixed point were compared to improve the response spectrum design method. A commercial software, MIDAS, was used for the analysis of the response spectrum, and a 3D FEM software, PLAXIS 3D was used for the dynamic analysis. The results of the response spectrum analysis of a pile-supported wharf considering the virtual fixed point and of the dynamic analysis of an actual structure differed depending on the type and depth of the seismic waves. This is because the response spectrum analysis considering the virtual fixed point does not reflect the fact that the end condition is different from the actual structure, and does not consider the ground under the virtual fixed point.


Development of future photonic integrated circuits has increased the demand for the miniaturization of photonic components. Optical interconnect technology has a few inherent advantages over traditional discrete devices, such as low power consumption. However, the technology has many problems to be solved, such as low coupling efficiency and low reliability. Furthermore, it hasn't been feasible roadmap of technology in the light source yet. Currently, the different mode area of devices is the main cause of low coupling efficiency. The main purpose of this paper improve the coupling efficiency between the grating and the semiconductor laser, and improve reliability of the system. In order to improve the coupling efficiency, we propose a new long-range surface plasmon polaritons(LRSPPs) grating structure that has two different area cross sections, and optimize the grating structure by the finite element method(FEM). In addition, we investigate the properties of the assembly structure based on semiconductor laser, LRSPPs grating structure, and LRSPPs waveguide, using the finite element method in COMSOL™. The optimal results show that the coupling efficiency can achieve than 90% by optimizing the grating structure, and significantly improve reliability of the assembly structure.


ABSTRACT In interconnection networks, matching preclusion is a measure of robustness when there is a link failure. Let G be a graph with an even number of vertices. A set of edges of G is called a matching preclusion set if its deletion from G results in a subgraph that has no perfect matchings, and the one with smallest size is called an optimal matching preclusion set, whose cardinality is called matching preclusion number of G, denoted by . G is maximally matched if is equal to the minimum degree of G and is super matched if every optimal matching preclusion set of G consists of edges incident to a single vertex. In this paper, we present a 0–1 integer linear programming for matching preclusion number of general graph. By using perfect matching polytope we obtain simple characterizations for maximally matched and super matched regular graphs. As their applications, we can derive some known results and show some Cartesian product of regular graphs, such as Hamming graph, hyperstar and star cube, are super matched.


A low-noise amplifier (LNA) with tunable output matching network is designed for a frequency band 3.9~7.1 GHz. The LNA gain can be tuned by varying the control voltage of varactor. The gain tuning range are 3 and 5.5 dB at 3.9 and 7.1 GHz, respectively. A maximum gain of 13.68 dB is obtained. The LNA consumes 22.8 mW with a supply of 1.5 V. The resistive shunt-feedback technique is used to design this broadband LNA. The LNA is fabricating in 0.1 mum standard CMOS process.


This article provides the analytical basis for the adoption of a longer view to portfolio diversification in Latin America. The benefits to be gained through time diversification are studied in the context of four countries: Argentina, Brazil, Chile, and Mexico. The empirical evidence of actual annualized returns indicates that risk in investment in Latin American equity returns tends to diminish over longer term investment horizons.


A two warehouse production inventory model for deteriorating items is explored in an inflation induced demand and partial backlogging under the effect of learning on set-up cost. Holding cost is treated as a linear function of time and production rate is taken as a linear combination of demand and on-hand inventory. A finite planning horizon inventory problem having two separate warehouses, one is an own warehouse (OW) and other a rented warehouse (RW) is developed with deterioration rate of the items to be different in different warehouses. Here it is assumed that the stocks of RW are transported to OW in continuous release pattern. Further, we use numerical example to illustrate the model and sensitivity analysis on some parameters is made.


The present study was carried out to determine the possible LC-MS and anti-microbial activity of plant extracts prepared from
Muntingia calabura and phytochemical screening was demonstrated. The extracts from the plant parts like leaf were prepared in different solvents like petroleum ether, chloroform and ethanol. The highest antimicrobial potentials were observed for the ethanolic extracts against (Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Candida albicans) Its efficacy was comparable to the standard drug, amikacin. Significant amount of tannins, alkaloids, steroids and flavonoids were found. The present study provides evidence that solvent extract of M. calabura contains medicinally important bioactive compounds and this justifies the use of plant species as traditional medicine for treatment of various diseases. Likewise, the leaf extract of Muntingia calabura showed more zone of inhibition with fungus Candida albicans. This shows its antiseptic nature which might have been induced because of the components present.


Currently,optical sensors usually need to build high-accuracy primary standard,and then transfer to user sensor based on a series of comparison chain,the precision of primary standard and standard transfer chain are the major sources of uncertainty.Combined with parametric downconversion method,theory and experiment results in recent years at home and abroad,the advantages of absolute sources and detectors of parametric downconversion are referred.Considering the need of practical application of calibration technique of parametric downconversion,the necessity,technique difficulty and solution of calibration technique of parametric downconversion are introduced when calibration technique of parametric downconversion transfers to broad band and analog detectors.


STEP 1. GET A MANURE/COMPOST TEST DONE. Manure varies widely from one pile to the next due to factors that include feedstock, age of manure, cattle type, bedding type, number of turns, pile temperature, and dairy management practices. For example, in a recent compost application study soil test K levels in two separate locations varied significantly, despite the fact that dairy compost from the same composting facility was applied at the same rate and time (Table 1). After closer inspection, we noticed that the field that responded strongly in terms of soil Continued on page 3


Megasporogenesis in Doritis pulcherrima collected from Hainan Province was observed undertransmission electron microscope. The megasporocyte is elliptical before the initiation of meiosis with its nucleus migrating toward the micropylar end and polarization being seen. The megasporocyte undergoes the first meiotic division, giving rise to two dyad cells. After meiosis Ⅰ, the chalazal dyad cell expands in size and differentiatesinto functional megaspore at the expense of the micropylar dyad cell. The functional megaspore undergoes thesecond meiotic division resulting in the formation of a binucleate embryo sac. The developmental pattern of the megasporogenesis in Doritis pulcherrima is of bisporic Allium type. Some characters of the programmed cell death such as integrated plasma membrane, increasing amount of vacuoles, and highly compressed chromatin appears during the degeneration of the micropylar dyad cell, while the organelles distribute uniformity and the chromatin diffuses in the functional megaspore. Some plasmodesmata occur on the chalazal cell wall of the functionalmegaspore but they disappear at the stage of binucleate embryo sac. Phagosomes with degenerated organelles are visible in functional megaspore at chalazal side.


We extend the Kolmogorov–Johnson–Mehl–Avrami theory for the instantaneous nucleation of polymers to a multi-dimensional space, obtaining a generalized Avrami equation. We demonstrate that the Avrami index is equal with the space dimension, the same as for the classical case. The equation of the overall crystallization rate constants is obtained as function of the growing velocity and nuclei concentration. The results were achieved by means of computer simulations, by studying the instantaneous nucleation mechanism of a polymer situated in a multi-dimensional space. The simulations were in very good agreement with the deductions obtained from theory.


We present recent high transverse momentum measurements in Au+Au and p+p collisions at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC). We define and show the nuclear modification factor for neutral pions and charged hadrons and discuss the particle species dependence. By means of the nuclear modification factor, we observe a suppression factor at high p{sub T} of 5-6 for neutral pions and 3-4 for charged hadrons in central Au+Au collisions relative to the binary-scaled yields in p+p (or peripheral) collisions. Finally we present strong evidence for the observation of jets in Au+Au collisions and the disappearance of the away-side jet in central Au+Au collisions.


In this paper, the behavior of steel plate shear wall (SPSW) in the reinforced concrete frame (RCF) has been studied numerically. Three different connections have been proposed to connect SPSW to RCF. In the first connection, fish plates, while in the second one, combination of fish plates and studs transfer forces between SPSW and RCF. In the third connection, there is no direct connection between the infill plate and RCF, and additional steel frame has been used for connecting of the infill plate. The results demonstrate that, load carrying capacity increases in all the specimens comparing the reference RCF. Investigating the formation sequence of plastic hinges in different specimens demonstrates that there is different sequence in the specimens with different connections.


The influence of CO2 partial pressure on ethanol dry reforming has been studied over Ce-promoted Co catalyst
supported on Al2O3 from 20 to 50 kPa, C2H5OH was kept at 20 kPa and under atmospheric pressure. The catalyst was
synthesized using wet impregnation method and tested in a quartz fixed-bed reactor. X-ray diffraction analysis indicated the formation of CeO2, Co3O4 and spinel CoAl2O4 phases on catalyst surface. CoO and Co3O4 and CeO2 phases were formed during temperature–programmed calcination and 5%Ce-10%Co/Al2O3 catalyst has a total high surface area of 137.35 m2 g-1. Both
C2H5OH and CO2 conversions was improved with increasing CO2 partial pressure from 20 at 50 kPa and an optimal selectivity
of H2 and CO was obtained at 50 kPa.


Aiming at natural water quality forecast,a gray forecast model combined with artificial neural network model is developed. Different gray models are developed according to data in different periods.Then their results are combined based on a neural network model.Water quality of Miyun Reservoir is forecasted based on the combination forecast model,compared with simple grey and simple neural network ones.The results show that relative errors of the predictive values based on combination forecast model are much smaller.Thus the results are more reliable.


The auxiliary principle technique is extended to develop an iterative algorithm for finding approximate solutions of a mixed variational-like inequality in a real Hilbert space. Not only the existence of approximate solutions of a mixed variational-like inequality is proven, but also the strong convergence of approximate solutions to an exact solution of a mixed variational-like inequality is shown. The convergence criteria presented in this article are new.


Larvae of Pieris rapae (Lepidoptera: Pieridae) were reared on several crucifer species and varieties which differed in their nitrogen content, either naturally or because they had been fertilized with NH4NO3. Growth rates, food consumption rates, and efficiencies of food utilization were determined for fifth instar larvae on all plants, using standard methods. Larvae on low-nitrogen plants consumed food faster, utilized it less efficiently, and utilized N more efficiently than larvae on high-nitrogen plants. As a result, growth rates and rates of accumulation of N into larval biomass were as high on plants of 1.5% (dry wt) N as on plants of 4.8% (dry wt) N. There was no correlation between larval growth rate and reported patterns of glucosinolate content in the food plants. We attribute low N accumulation rates and growth rates on Lepidium virginicum, Lunaria annua, and Thlaspi arvense to the presence in these plants of unique secondary compounds or atypical glucosinolate breakdown products. Larvae fed on Dentaria diphylla and on the most highly fertilized collards (6.1%% dry wt N) accumulated N and grew at unusualy high rates. This may be because N in these plants was more digestible than in the other food plants. We suggest that larvae of P. rapae adjust their feeding rates to maximize the rate at which they can accumulate N, and thus the rate at which they can grow, on any given food plant. There is a limit to the rate at which N can be accumulated, because N is utilized less efficiently as it is consumed faster. We conclude that the growth of P. rapae larvae is limited by the availability of N in their food plants, that N budgets for such larvae are of greater ecological significance than energy budgets, and that, in this case at least, natural selection favors the rate (power output) rather than the efficiency of a biological process.


Saw dust is also known as wooden dust. It is the result of cutting, drilling wood.it is composed of fine particles of wood, certain animals, birds and insects which live in wood such as carpenter ant are also responsible for producing the wooden dust. It is produced as a small irregular chips or small garbage of wood during sawing of logs of timber into different sizes. In this work partial replacement of waste wood powder is investigatedby varying proportion in the concrete .The replacement of fine aggregate (sand) with certain wooden powder in concrete that makes the structure more light in weight. The workability, strength and durability test are studied in this paper. The most important properties of concrete is the compressive strength. Also, increasing the wooden dust in corporation caused decreases in unit weights and compressive strength values of mortars with a parallel increase in water absorption values at all ages. The replacement of fine aggregates (sand) with wooden powder gives the properties and the benefits in the actual production of concrete. Keyword--Wooden Powder, Fine aggregates, compressive strength, saw dust


Anna Valero and colleagues urge the UK government to put action on climate change and sustainability at the heart of its growth strategy.


This study investigates legal effects of appealing against a decision in part in the context of the constitutional principles of the protection of acquired rights, a two-stage procedure and the rule of law, which are determinants of standards of a democratic state ruled by law, and to formulate relevant conclusions. This is done by means of an analysis of the law in force and a comparative analysis, with a focus on the subject matter of the attribute and effects of a decision's final force.


A generalized network model is used to interpret the scattering from a submerged spherical shell with a two‐spring/two‐mass internal structure. In this model, generally available results are used for the fluid/shell transmission paths, and lumped element methods are used for the internal structure's admittance. This formulation emphasizes the field quantities at the submerged‐shell/internal‐ structure interface. Of course, the network model has several forms; admittance, impedance, and network scattering are possible (among others). Impedance comparison at the fluid/nominal‐shell interface has been previously shown to determine high‐Q resonances in the scattered response associated with the lower‐branch spherical‐harmonic modes. Admittance comparison at the submerged‐shell/internal‐structure interface shows that the internal structure shifts these lower‐branch resonances and broadens their peaks. The sawtooth pattern generated by these shifted and broadened resonances distinguishes the form function with ...


In this study, we described and illustrated an unrecorded species from the Korean flora, Sciaphila nana Blume, which is included in the order Pandanales and the family Triuridaceae. This taxon was found at Mul Oreum in Namwon-eup, Seogwipo-si, Jeju Special Self-Governing Province for the first time ...


Accurate and automated snowfall measurement is a major challenge in different environmental conditions. Minimization of environmental effects is essential for accurate measurement of snowfall. It is required to get reliable information about the snow depth for true weather report and better forecasting of snowfall. Automation of snowfall measurement is also necessary to remove the human error, to get repeated information about the snow depth, continuous measurement of snow depth and instantaneously storage of measured data. The first phase of this paper addresses design and implementation of an encoder based electromechanical snow depth sensor to enhance accuracy and resolution of snow depth measurement. It works as a standalone-embedded device with intelligent functions. Additionally, a dedicated virtual instrument for the sensing device is developed to provide easy connectivity with PC for online snow depth measurement. The second phase grapples with measurement of snowfall in the different climate conditions in which ultrasonic snow depth sensor faces large variability. The results of measured snow depth with prototype of proposed sensor are presented which are comparable with direct and standard measurement method of snow depth and indicate higher level of accuracy.


Confronted with multisensory objects at every moment of real life, the present study investigates the crossmodal integration of audio-visual information in humans by measuring event-related potentials (ERP) from the scalp. Natural stimuli, namely photographs of animals, were presented to one side of a screen, while the participants fixated a cross in the middle and only covertly shifted their attention to either side. Simultaneously with the picture presentation, animal vocalizations were played which were either semantically congruent or incongruent. In accordance with the findings of Busse et al. (2005), we expected a spread of attention from the visual part of an object onto the auditory part. In line with Molholm et al. (2004), we hypothesized a modulation of this effect by semantic congruency. While we applied natural stimuli, both studies as well as most others in this field used artificial stimuli. The hypothesis that attention would spread across modalities could not clearly be confirmed. Instead, we found other effects: Attention as well as congruency seem to uncumulatively facilitate the binding of a multisensory object in a relatively early stage of processing (120-170 ms). In a later time window (200-250 ms), we observed a doubledissociation of attention lateralized to the right hemisphere and congruency limited to the left hemisphere. This is in line with the suggested hemispheric lateralization of global attention to the right side and semantic processing to the left side. The most striking finding was the enhanced processing of visually unattended stimuli, which we suggest is due to the divergent processing of natural and artificial stimuli: Natural stimuli are consciously or unconsciously bound to actions and reactions through everyday-life training. Thus, participants might involuntarily have shifted their attention to the location of an unexpectedly appearing stimulus, which could have resulted in enhanced processing of this stimulus. The control of attention might be easier when simple artificial stimuli are used. The results of the present study argue in the line with others for differences in the processing of natural and artificial stimuli. Furthermore, the findings show that attention and congruency both play a role in multisensory object-recognition. Crossmodal Integration of Audio-Visual Information Bachelor's Thesis of Jessika Reissland


A fiber optic system consisting in its main parts of a GaAlAs laser diode, a monomode launching fiber and a fiber Fabry Perot (FFP) resonator is investigated in view of two main aspects: 1) use of the FFP as fiber optic spectrum analyzer (FOSA) with the laser diode presenting a light source of rather complex spectral behavior, and 2) application of a FFP fabricated with a birefringent fiber as a one fiber double Fabry-Perot (OFDFP) device for temperature sensing. When varying the laser injection current, temperature drift of the laser wavelength as well as instable discontinuities (mode hops) can be identified. The temperature tuned FOSA is suggested as a device for diode laser spectral performance moni-toring. The OFDFP with its double system of transmission maxima offers a scheme to determine parameter change sign and principally provides a calibration means for this type of interferometer.


This report is a continuation of a comparison of e x perimental p a r a m e t e rs of ZPR-III fast reactor assemblies with those calculated through use of a cross-section set de rived by the author from that of Yiftah, Okrent, and Mol-dauer,!!/ and initially used for a study of the critical sizes of ZPR-III assemblies.(2) This cross-section set has also been used to study central fission ratios in ZPR-III a s s e m blies.'^) In the present report, the analysis is extended to prompt neutron lifetiraes and the relative reactivity effects of the substitution of m a t e r i a ls at the reactor centers. The results of the present work are examined in conjunction with those of the critical size and fission ratio studies.


I. INTRODUCTION AND SUMMARY: THE ATTEMPT LOGIC Start with a simple syllogism: (1) The mental element of the Florida "offense of criminal attempt" (2) is an "inten[t] to commit [an] offense"; (3) (2) it is logically impossible to intend to do something that one does not intend to do, such as intend to cause an unintended harm; so therefore (3) "[t]here is no such criminal offense as an attempt to achieve an unintended [harm]," (4) because it is logically impossible to intend, and thus to attempt, to commit an offense that has an element of causing-unintended-harm. Call this the attempt logic. Most courts accept this logic as to homicide offenses, concluding that one cannot attempt to commit a homicide offense unless one intends to kill another. (5) As one court put it, "An attempt, by nature, is a failure to accomplish what one intended to do. Attempt means to try; it means an effort to bring about a desired result." (6) "The concept of attempt seems necessarily to involve the notion of an intended consequence, for when one attempts to do something one is endeavoring or trying to do it. Hence, an attempt requires ... an intended[] consequence." (7) But in Brown, a sharply divided (4-3) Florida Supreme Court recognized an offense of attempted second-degree murder with no intent-to-kill element, which occurs when one "commit[s] an act which would have resulted in the death of another except that someone prevented [one] from killing ... or [one] failed to do so...." (8) A few years later, a unanimous Florida Supreme Court recognized an attempted manslaughter offense with no intent-to-kill element, which also requires proof that one committed an act that would have resulted in death, except that someone prevented one from killing or one failed to do so. (9) This article primarily addresses the logic of Brown, although essentially the same arguments apply to Williams. The Brown Court did not consider two arguments that would compel the conclusion that the Florida attempt statute cannot be applied to second-degree murder. First, Brown conflicts with State v. Gray, 654 So. 2d 552 (Fla. 1995), and with Knight v. State, 28 So. 759 (Fla. 1900) and its progeny. Second, recognizing an offense of attempted second-degree murder with no intent-to-kill element causes serious problems, including the same problem that led the Gray Court to hold that Florida would no longer recognize an offense of attempted felony murder. A. THE CONFLICT IN THE CASE LAW The Gray Court accepted the attempt logic when it receded from Amlotte v. State (10) and held that Florida would no longer recognize an offense of attempted felony murder. The problem in Amlotte was that it recognized an attempted homicide offense with no intent-to-kill element, which the Gray Court said is "troublesome" because that creates "difficulties with determining what constitutes an 'overt act' that could, but does not, cause [another's death]." (11) But the Brown Court rejected the attempt logic and concluded that one can attempt to unintentionally kill another. Brown and Gray conflict. (12) Brown also conflicts with Knight, el al., which adopted the attempt logic with regard to the Florida offense of assault-with-intent-to-commit-a-felony ("AWIC"). (13) Beginning with Knight, many Florida cases held that the offense of AWIC-second-degree murder has an intent-to-kill element because it is logically impossible to assault another with the intent to unintentionally kill the other. The AWIC offense is quite similar to the attempt offense. One can commit an attempt without also committing an assault, which means that all attempts-to-commit-a-felony are not necessarily also AWICs. But all AWICs are also attempts, because the assault element of an AWIC offense is the overt act that proves the attempt offense. In effect, an attempt is a type of lesser-included-offense of an AWIC; put another way, an AWIC is a specialized version of an attempt, in the way that a statute that expressly outlawed killing another with a firearm would be a specialized version of murder. …


Based on the analysis on the current situation of ERP,T he paper emphatically proposes many key success factors of ERP Implementation.


Abstract Gives an overview of ranking of various global universities: British-QS-THES, Shanghai, Taiwan and Russian. Collected statistics of Russian universities (RU) research output and citation score demonstrated clearly why only few of them were included in global ranking. Statistics was downloaded from the Web of Science and the Essential Science Indicators for 1998–2008. Universities' ranking developed by Russian agency ReitOR was discussed as failure. RU are the strongest in the post-Soviet domain and can attract the most talented students from the New Independent States. Russian science policy in the higher education should encourage university authorities to participate in the global rankings. For this purpose it is necessary to monitor faculty teachers' research output and citation score, improve and strength webometrics' activity.


Purpose – The main objective of this study is to explore the relationship between total quality management (TQM) practices and the business performance of Japanese‐owned manufacturers in the USA.Design/methodology/approach – In this empirical study, 200 companies were chosen by random sampling from the universe group of 519 in August 2007. A total of 32 usable questionnaires were received, and the overall response rate was 16 percent.Findings – The survey results show that TQM practices significantly influence the overall company performance of Japanese‐owned manufacturers in the USA. This implies that TQM is an effective method for improving business performance, regardless of where the company might be operating, as long as the TQM practices are appropriately implemented. In addition to the research data, findings from a field research also provide supplementary evidence to support this conclusion.Originality/value – This study compares the findings from a recent survey conducted in the USA with the aut...


We study the probability density function (PDF) of the first-reaction times between a diffusive ligand and a membrane-bound, immobile imperfect target region in a restricted 'onion-shell' geometry bounded by two nested membranes of arbitrary shapes. For such a setting, encountered in diverse molecular signal transduction pathways or in the narrow escape problem with additional steric constraints, we derive an exact spectral form of the PDF, as well as present its approximate form calculated by help of the so-called self-consistent approximation. For a particular case when the nested domains are concentric spheres, we get a fully explicit form of the approximated PDF, assess the accuracy of this approximation, and discuss various facets of the obtained distributions. Our results can be straightforwardly applied to describe the PDF of the terminal reaction event in multi-stage signal transduction processes.


Abstract The effects of weak oscillating magnetic fields (OMFs ≤7 mT at 50 Hz) on freezing were studied in three systems of different complexity. To do so, ferric chloride solutions, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and minced hake muscle experimentally infected with Anisakis L3 were frozen with and without OMF application. OMFs did not affect freezing kinetics of either ferric chloride solutions or minced hake muscle. LDH activity, Anisakis mortality, and water-holding capacity of the hake muscle after thawing were not affected by OMF either. Further studies are needed to evaluate the effectiveness of stronger OMFs in a wider frequency range.


 Abstract— The technology of comprehensive utilization of biodiesel and dimers from rapeseed oil was studied in the present paper. Because of the existence of double bond structures, the rapeseed oil can partly be synthesized to chemicals such as dimers, the unreacted parts can be separated as biodiesel. It was found that this process could greatly improve the integrated economic benefits at the yield of dimers over 35%, which had wide application prospect. The economic feasibility of the technology was evaluated.


Early Radiation Therapy and Cervical Cancer Survival in the United States By Olufunmiso O. Asamu MPH Walden University, 2013 MBBS University of Ibadan, Nigeria, 1995 Dissertation Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of


Broad-bandwidth spectral analysis is one of important advantages of terahertz (THz) imaging technology, while low spatial resolution restricts its further applications. In contrast to the contradiction between the high-resolution and the low-throughput as well as narrow-bandwidth in the existing THz near-field imaging technologies, a high-resolution, high-throughput and broad-bandwidth terahertz imaging method is proposed in this work based on the terajet effect produced by a dielectric semi-sphere with appropriate refractive index. The terajet beam can break through the restriction of the diffraction limit on the spatial resolution of the microscopic system without losing the energy and spectral width.


Innovation is the soul of the national progress and motive force of the country flourishing and having no lack of successors.Physical education teaching plays an important role in the all round development of the students. PE teaching is not different and divorced from education including the body.


Commercial vehicles generally drive at a higher speed on structured expressways, and their higher center of mass leads to a lower rollover threshold and a greater rollover risk while steering. Therefore, the design of a lateral trajectory-tracking control strategy for commercial vehicles should not only consider the accuracy of trajectory tracking but also consider roll stability. Based on this control objective, a fuzzy linear quadratic controller was designed in this study to ensure rolling stability in the path-tracking control process and improve the adaptability of the strategy to the driving scenario. Firstly, a steering and braking cooperative control model based on the four-degree-of-freedom model and the multi-point preview model was established. Then, a path tracking controller considering roll stability was designed based on the linear quadratic theory. On this basis, a fuzzy linear quadratic controller was designed to realize the online optimization of cost function weights. Finally, the effectiveness of the control strategy was verified using co-simulation and hardware-in-loop experiments. The results show that the designed controller can effectively adjust the weight of path-tracking and stability according to the vehicle's state. This effectively improves the vehicle's control distribution problem.


The mechanism involved in the photochemical immobilization of poly (4-vinylphenol) (PVP) thin. films was investigated. The films were fabricated by a simple procedure of UV irradiation and solvent ...


The implementation of land registration activities itself is a government obligation which aims to provide legal certainty in order to protect the rights of land owners which also functions to determine the status of land parcels, who owns it, types of rights, land area, and use and utilization of the land as mandated by the Law. invite. In this research, the objective of this research is to find out what are the problems in land registration, the causative factors, and the role of BPN in dealing with the problems that occur.The approach method used in this research is the sociological juridical approach. This approach is taken to understand law in the context of its society, namely a non-doctrinal approach.The data needed, namely the types of primary data and types of secondary data, were taken by observation, interview and documentation methods. Methods of data analysis using qualitative descriptive analysis, meaning that this research uses data collection methods obtained directly from sources, either in writing or orally. The results showed that there are still land rights holders who do not fulfill their obligation to put up land boundary signs and the factors that cause land rights holders do not fulfill their obligations are due to lack of legal awareness. The role of BPN itself is to disseminate information to the community to install and maintain land boundary signs for the common interest and for the smoothness of the land registration process.


In the future, Sulige gas field will develop over 10,000 wells and more than 100 gas gathering stations. The wells which can be managed by a single gas gathering station will reach up to over 50 ultimately. The conventional gas gathering manner in which the single well is directly connected with the station has some shortages, like too many incoming lines and long distance. Therefore, it can not meet the requirement for large-scale and low-cost development of Sulige gas field. Hence, aiming at the features of the gas field, the inter-wells radial concatenation gas production pipeline network was adopted. There are few openings on the gas production trunk line. The concatenations are all performed in the well fields. The newly added wells will not impact the normal operation of the gas production trunk line. It fits in with the rolling development requirement of Sulige gas field. Besides, it added the amount of wells managed by the gas gathering station, whereby the investment on the pipeline networks can be substantially reduced and reduced the destroys caused by the dense trench cutting on the environment of Sulige gas field.


Perovskite SrRuO3 (SRO) films are promising for use as electrodes for (Ba,Sr)TiO3 and Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 film capacitors. However, SrRuO3 decomposes during the forming gas (3% H2+balanced N2) anneal at temperatures as low as 200 °C. An adequate encapsulation layer for SrRuO3 is necessary in order to avoid the H2 anneal-induced decomposition of SrRuO3. Al2O3,SiO2,Si3N4, and Si3N4/SiO2 are studied as encapsulation layers for SRO, and it is confirmed that Al2O3 and Si3N4/SiO2 coatings on SRO can effectively prevent its decomposition.


The author analyses the statistics of phone calls to the Irkutsk Hotline for children in 2009-2011, the reasons for calls and the methods used by the personnel of this Hotline.


*Radio Talk by Dr. F. W. P. Cluver. Deputy Chief Health Officer, Union Health Department, broadcast from the Durban Studio of the South African Broadcasting Corporation.


The key point to the implementation of water bank system is to determine the price of water rights in the process of transaction.Based on the ANP model and entropy weight method,we proposed a new idea about integrated pricing of water trade under water bank system.Based on cost pricing,supply and demand pricing and benefits of the present value pricing,we established the pricing index system by using ANP model and improved the internal dependency matrix by DEMATEL method,and concluded each factor's weight of water right trade.Further,the weight was corrected by entropy weight method,and finally we got the integrated weight of pricing methods and obtained a comprehensive water right trade price.The method considers the characteristics of the pricing methods and avoids the limitations of the pricing process.More importantly,it provides an important reference to determine water right trade price.


In this study, we demonstrate a novel method for the reconfiguration of a nondestructively readable memory cell for superconductor integrated circuits. The proposed reconfiguration method involves the direct injection of flux quantum to the storage loop of the memory cell, which has been achieved using interface circuits in previous studies. By applying this method, the footprint of the superconductor memory cell can be reduced by half. We experimentally demonstrate the proof-of-concept of the investigated reconfiguration method. We expect that the memory cell reconfigured using the proposed method will be suitable for building large-scale lookup tables using superconductor circuits.


An investigation is performed on solar energy conversion and noise characterization in photovoltaic devices with ventilation. A parallel plate photovoltaic (PV) device was installed with a pair of PV modules, a ventilated air cavity, and an insulating back panel of plywood board filled with polystyrene installed in an outdoor test room. The charac terization of noise interference due to power difference of two intensities for composite waves on a PV device is presented. Standard definitions of noise sources, their measure ment equations, their units, and their origins under limiting reference conditions are devised. The experiments were conducted for obtaining currents, voltages, temperatures, air velocities, sensible heat capacity, and thermal storage capacity of a PV device with active ventilation through an outdoor test room. Photovoltaic amplification was attained with power output from a potentiometer through the rotation of its circular knob. A paral- lel plate PV device was studied for its electrical parameters as resistance-capacitance (RC) electrical analog circuit. The effect of inductive and capacitive heating losses was con - sidered in evaluating electrical characteristics of a PV device exposed to solar radiation. Noise filter systems as per noise sources are illustrated with examples. Some examples of noise unit calculations are tabulated based on devised noise measurement equations. presented. Some noise unit examples for an air duct exposed to solar radiation are illustrated. A phenomenon of photovoltaic amplification for a pair of photovoltaic modules connected to a potentiometer is explained. The time plots of power function were used to sup port and devise noise measurement expressions and noise characterization in a power system as per speed of a wave.


The peripheral adminisuation of l-methyl4-phenyl-l,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) has been shown to produce degeneration of the dopaminergic nigrostriatal pathway in humans, monkeys, and mice.14 Furthermore, it has been widely speculated that endogenously formed or exogenous MPTP-like compounds may be responsible for the destruction of dopaminergic neurons in idopathic Parkinson's disease.5 The present studies were undertaken to investigate the long-term effects of an MPTP analogue, (2'-l-methylphenyl-l,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (~'CHA-MPTP), on the monoaminergic systems in mice. Young adult male C57BL/6 mice (2-3 months of age, wt. 22-25 g) were given multiple injections of 2'-CH3-MITP (3 injections a day 4 hours apart, with a 16-hr recovery period, followed by 3 more injections at a dose of 7.5 mgkg i.p.). Control animals received a similar volume of vehicle injections. Both the control and treated mice were sacrificed under anesthesia at 3 days, 2 weeks, 2 months, and 6 months after the treatment and perfused with the fixative. Sections through the entire brain were processed for tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) immunocytochemistry.6 The number of TH-immunoreactive neurons was quantitated in substantia n i p (SN), the ventral tegmental area (VTA), AS cell group, dorsal raphe (DR), and locus coeruleus (LC). Statistical analyses were made using the analysis of variance followed by the Fisher multiple comparison test. The results show that ~'CHJ-MPTP produces a statistically significant decrease in the number of TH-positive neurons in the SN, VIA and AS cell group 3 days after the treatment (FIG. 1). This decrease in the number of TH-immunoreactive neumns persists up to 6 months after treatment with the MMl? analogue in all the regions (FIG. 2). However, no change is seen in dopaminergic neurons of the DR and noradrenegc neurons of LC at any of the survival times (FIG. 1). These data suggest that ~'CHA-MPTP produces a significant loss of dopaminergic neurons in SN, VIA and AS and that these neurons do not fully regenerate even up to 6 months after the treatment. These studies are in agreement with those of other investigators, who also reported a similar decline in the number of doparninergic


A study of the genetic loads affecting fecundity of females of Drosophila It has been shown that females homozygous-for second chromosomes derived from natural populations deposit on the average fewer eggs than do females carrying two second chromosomes derived from different wild progeni-tors. The present report extends the study to the egg-to-adult viability of the progenies of homozygous and heterozygous females, and thus permits estimation of the reduction of the fertility caused by the manifestation of these normally concealed genetic loads. Samples of Drosophila pseudoobscura were collected in Borrego Valley and Palm Canyon (California) by MR. DAVID RICHMOND, and near Tucson (Arizona) by DR. WILLIAM HEED, in November 1966. A total of I46 males (or sons of wild females) from these samples (92 from California and 54 from Arizona) were crossed individually to females from the laboratory strain with a dominant mutant marker (Bare) on the second chromosome. The analyzer stock was outcrossed (by MR. SPASSKY) for several generations to flies of Arizona origin. Homozygotes and heterozygotes for wild-type second chromosomes were obtained by a standard technique described by DO~ZHANSKY, HOLZ and SPASSKY (194.2), MARINKOVIC (1967) and others. Briefly, after backcrossing i,ndividual males from the F, generation to females from the Delta/Bare balanced strain, females and males heterozygous for the same wild chromosome and a chromosome with the mutant marker Bare were intercrossed (two pairs per bottle, three replications per each combination). In the following generation, the expected propomrtions of the wild-type homozygotes and Bare heterozygotes should be 33.3 : 66.7. Wild-type heterozygotes were obtained in a similar way, by crossing males and females From each of the three replicate cultures, a sample of 40 to 60 eggs was taken and transferred with a small piece of medium onto the surface of Spassky's medium, in a half-pint bottle. After 16 and 23 days, the numbers of emerged flies were counted, and the percentage survival of the progenies of homozygous or heterozygous mothers was estimated for all 118 second-chromosome homozygotes, and for 82 heterozygous combinations (62 nonlethal and 20 lethal/nonlethal) . Some of the homozygous females whose eggs showed extremely low survival were dissected to observe abnormalities in their reproductive organs. Attempts have also been made to determine at which stages of embryogenesis development ceased (eggs older than 48 hours have been used). After dissolving the chorion in a 3.5% hypochloric acid, a morphological examination of the eggs was made.


Original Article Concentrations of chromium and copper in the ground water and drinking water distribution network of Birjand, 2009-2010 T. Shahryari, B.N. Moashery, Gh.R. Sharifzadeh Background and Aim: In areas with low amounts of rainfall such as Iran, it is very important to avoid contamination of groundwater resources. One of the major causes of water pollution is excessive amounts of heavy metals that may induce various diseases and even cancer. This study was aimed to determine the concentrations of chromium and copper in the in the ground water and drinking water network of Birnajd in 2009-2010. Materials and Methods: In this descriptive study, a census sampling of drinking water wells (28 samples) and distribution network (39 samples) of Birjand was preformed. The samples were analyzed by an atomic absorption apparatus and standard method. Data analysis was done by means of SPSS (version 15) at the significant level of P 0.05 mg/L). Conclusion: Despite the normal level of copper, chromium contamination of drinking water in Birjand is dangerous. Regarding the environmental conditions, this contamination is likely to have geological origin that needs further studies and strategies to eliminate it.


ABSTRACT How do the media critique the media? How do comedy and fiction advance political critique? A British and American format, here identified as the "parliamentary sitcom," illustrates the continued advantages of episodic television in a hyperpolarized environment. Located between the immediate reaction of daily programing and the long-term production of film, the sitcom's popularity and anonymity allow this often-overlooked genre to address some significant societal concerns. Parliamentary sitcoms, in particular, leverage the advantages of comedy and fiction to underline a crucial inversion of media and political representation that is engendering a potentially post-democratic, post-factual mediarchy in which politics is subsumed into the media (Citton, 2019. Mediarchy (A. Brown, Trans.). Polity). The sitcom's form as a staged and fictional entertainment reflexively comments on similar constructions in politics, while its overt caricaturing tests acceptable levels of performativity. In a fragmented attention ecology, I suggest that the sitcom's broad, longitudinal reach, as well as its license to extrapolate and enact, merit more attention as a form of satiric expression.


Microsoft languages share an object management environment. Object have formats that are independent of source language. They share garbage collection, exception handling, and a common class library, including common data types. To support deploying applications on intranets or the Web, Microsoft is developing ASP.NET, a complete overhaul of the slow, error-prone, language-limited, nonobject-oriented ASP (Active Server Pages) that today's developers must use. Complementing that development is ADO.NET, which replaces today's ADO (ActiveX data objects) in much the same way that ASP.NET replaces ASP. Finally, SOAP (the simple object access protocol) and Microsoft's Web Services and Web Forms promise to make Web-deployed applications look very similar in appearance and in implementation to applications deployed on desktop systems. Microsoft's response to Java is a little subtler, entangled as it is in legal wrangling. The .NET platform moves toward Java's "write-once, run-anywhere" promise by encapsulating the operating system in a common set of classes that have different implementations on different platforms. These serve a function similar to the Java virtual machine. Microsoft has also sidestepped Sun's control of Java by developing its own Java-like language called C#. While similar in form and philosophy to Java, C# introduces a few improvements. For example, it standardizes the getting and setting of object properties. Finally, to mix a metaphor, Microsoft has embraced XML and jumped into it with both feet. Much of the .NET functionality depends on the XML-formatted metadata that accompanies every object. XML also provides the base format for remote interfacing, and it serves as the working data format for ADO.NET. Both the System and System.Data class hierarchies devote a namespace to XML. Wrox Press specializes in books for programmers. They've assembled a team of 10 men, all with programming backgrounds, to survey Microsoft's .NET plans, based on Microsoft's public statements and on their own experiences with the public beta release of the .NET software development kit. They give a pretty coherent picture, hedged in disclaimers, of what the first release—probably still about a year away—will look like. If you expect to develop software for Microsoft systems in the next few years, you need to know all about .NET, and these authors are excellent guides to the territory. Don't expect definitive information, but if you can stand the missing pieces and loose ends of a work in process, this book will get you up to speed.


This study evaluates adhesion, marginal microleakage and type of breaking in the sealant/enamel interface occcured on the treatment or not of the enamel. 120 teeth were used, divided in 6 groups of 20 each: V1Conditioning + contamination + drying + sealant; V2 conditioning + contamination + washing + drying + adhesive + sealant; V3 conditioning + contamination (humid) + sealant; V4 conditioning + sealant; V5 conditioning + contamination + washing + drying + sealant and, V6 conditioning + contamination + adhesive + sealant. After the preparation, they were immersed in distilled water, kept in greenhouse (37°C) for 72 hours, subjected to thermocycling with 500 cycles of temperature alteration (5 and 55C), were immersed in Rodamina B 0,2%, for 72 hours and submitted to the resistance test. Contamination influenced in a significantly statistical way the results of the adhesion, but the application of adhesive, in contaminated surface, provoked increase of the force of the sealant to the enamel. Concerning the marginal microleakage, the biggest values obtained were those from groups V1 and V3 which were those which showed the lowest average of resistance. The other groups behaved statistically equal. By analyzing the types of breakings, V1 and V3 groups presented adhesive breakings; V2, V5 and V6 demonstrated adhesive or cohesive breakings of the material and V4, besides the adhesive and cohesive breakings of the material, presented breaking of the enamel. It may be concluded that contamination reduces the adhesive force of the material to the enamel and promotes greater marginal microleakage in the interface. Word-key: Adhesion; contamination; adhesive; Vitro Seal Sealant


Background The aim of this study was to assess whether total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA) offers an alternative anesthetic technique to inhalational anesthesia for patients undergoing radiofrequency (RF) ablation for hepatic focal lesions. Patients and methods A total of 100 American Society of Anesthesiologist (ASA) physical status II patients were included and divided into two groups: the first group underwent RF ablation of hepatic focal lesions under sevoflurane inhalational anesthesia with a laryngeal mask airway applied, whereas the second group was under TIVA with propofol infusion and face mask was applied. The hemodynamic changes, as well as the changes in Spo 2 , were recorded during the procedure and in the recovery room. The time to speak and the occurrence of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) in the recovery room were also recorded. Results The two groups were comparable as regards the changes in arterial blood pressure values from the baseline. The TIVA group showed reductions in Spo 2 values after propofol loading, which was corrected with the application of an oropharyngeal airway. The time to speak was longer in the TIVA group than in the sevoflurane group, but it did not prolong the time of discharge from the postanesthesia care unit. The sevoflurane group showed higher incidence of PONV in the recovery room. Conclusion TIVA with propofol infusion offers an alternative anesthetic technique for RF ablation of hepatic focal lesions with the advantages of hemodynamic stability, avoiding instrumentation of the airway in a day-case patient without the development of PONV with the same technical success offered by sevoflurane anesthesia.


IDEO Product Development is a multidisciplinary consultancy with offices worldwide. This overview describes how interaction design personnel within the San Francisco and London oftices work with other disciplines such as human factors and industrial design to apply a five step, usercentered approach to product development. Three broad areas of interaction design work and the IDEO design process are described.


Soft x-rays or Grenz rays can be used to form shadowgrams of single textile fibers as well as of yarns and fabrics on fine-grain photographic plates. This paper deals primarily with the microradiography of single fibers and includes a description of experimental equipment, con ditions under which necessary resolution is obtained, impregnation of fibers with substances to increase absorption of x-radiation, and examples of the utility of the method. Single cotton, rayon, wool, and other fibers are clearly resolved by x-radiation generated at 5 kv.; at higher voltages (to 17 kv.), natural fibers give faint shadowgrams. When the fibers are impregnated with 10-20% lead sulfide or other materials, single treated fibers can then be distinguished in masses of untreated fibers. This technique provides a possible means for tracing individual fibers through processing operations.


This paper explores the function and general process of knowledge discovery by exploring the knowledge discovery and the general process. Knowledge delivery services and reference services.


This paper describes the development of predictive soil-atmosphere models for test plots at the Questa Mine located near Questa, New Mexico. The models were developed using data from instrumented test plots installed in 2000 in exposed mine rock materials. The models will be used to support decisions about mine water management and to guide final reclamation of mine rock piles. This paper describes site-specific considerations for model development including selection of the model code, model calibration to measured lysimeter outflows, and calibration targets. Results of the model predictions are summarized for one of the test plots.


This paper discusses the existence of ion-acoustic solitary waves and their interaction in a weakly relativistic two-dimensional thermal plasma. Two Korteweg–de Vries equations for small but finite amplitude solitary waves in both ξ and η directions are derived. The phase shifts and trajectories of two solitary waves after the collision with an arbitrary angle α are also obtained. The effects of parameters of the normalized ion temperature σ, the ratio of heat capacity δ, the relativistic factor Fγ, and the colliding angle α on the amplitudes, the widths and the phase shifts of both the colliding solitary waves are studied. The effects of these parameters on the new nonlinear wave created by the collision between two solitary waves are examined as well. The results suggest that these parameters can significantly influence the amplitude, the width of the newly formed nonlinear wave and the colliding solitary waves. The phase shifts of the colliding solitary waves strongly depend on the colliding angle α. M...


With the objective to evaluate the effect of concentrations of gibberellic acid in thinning and in the quality improvement in grape clusters cv. Superior Seedless it was carried out an experiment in a commercial orchard in Copa Fruit S.A. farm, in Petrolina-PE. The experiment was arranged in a completely randomized design, with seven treatments (GA3: 0.0, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 4.0, 6.0 and 8.0 mg.L-1), four replications and two plants/plot, and the data were interpreted by analysis of variance and regression. The applications of the treatments had been carried out in three phases, the first one before the flower opening and the second and the third with approximately 25% and 80% of flowers opened, respectively, using a volume of 2.000 liters per hectare. The clusters had been harvested with 60 days after pruning and the evaluated characteristics had been: average length of cluster, stem and "shoulders"; density of berries/cm of cluster; mass of fresh matter of the cluster and berries; e diameter and length of berries. The best results for thinning had been gotten with the concentration of 0.5 mg.L-1, which provided a density of 5.39 berries/cm of cluster, from 8.24 berries/cm of cluster gotten from the witness. In relation to the improvement of the quality of clusters and berries, applications of GA3 above of 2.0 mg.L-1, although will show efficiency in the increase of the length of the cluster, had negative effect in the mass of fresh matter of clusters and berries, making the clusters commercially impracticable.


Much emotional heat has been generated during the past three decades over the consequences of "direct," "authoritarian," "didactic," "rigid," and "repetitive drill" instruction. These terms and other synonyms have assumed in some quarters the emotive equivalent of the terms "traitor," "incompetent," and "sadist." Recent leaders in education have generated numerous alternatives to the traditional teaching patterns suggested by the supposedly odious terms. These alternatives have included: inquiry, discovery, interest centers, trade-book reading programs, and such organizational arrangements as open-concept rooms and so-called "free" schools. Work by Jerome S. Bruner (1966) for instance, has caused us to shift our concern from the memorization of facts to the discovery of principles. This emerging approach to education has had its inevitable effects upon the teaching of reading. DRILL VERSUS DISCOVERY: THE EFFECTS ON STUDENT ATTITUDES


With the development of IP increment service and the popularization of Internet,the new distributed application system appears.By separating service processing and customer interaction,it achieves the multilayer distributed applying system structure of thin customer,business service and data service. In this paper,the technology of multilayer distributed system based on the transaction middleware is introduced,the application of multilayer distributed system technology in the telecom IP service is analyzed and the correlative system flow and instance are presented.


For solving the high dimensional and nonlinear problems of enterprise independent innovation project risk evaluation,an intelligent model based on principal component analysis(PCA),genetic algorithm(GA) and artificial neural network(ANN),i.e.PCA-GA-ANN,is proposed in this paper.In this hybrid approach,PCA is used for feature extraction in order to reduce the model complexity of ANN and improve the speed of ANN,GA is used to train the weights of ANN to constitute a GAANN model,and then the extracted principal components are introduced into GAANN to obtain the evaluation results.The empirical results reveal that PCA-GA-ANN model has understanding forecasting ability.Compared with the standard back-propagation artificial neural network(BPANN),PCA-GA-ANN has some superiority in predicting accuracy.


survey, and major changes are noted. ■■ During the spring of 1940 Glenn Myers Blair, a professor at the University of Illinois, posed the following question to 1,090 U.S. high school principals: "What do you do with pupils in your high school who are unusually poor in reading ability?" He received responses from 379 schools in 38 states and the District of Columbia (Blair, 1941). While more recent studies have focused on exem-


Abstract An 11-year-old male Cocker Spaniel was presented with acute onset of apathy, polyuria and polydipsia. Blood examination showed hypoalbuminemia and hyperglobulinemia, while electrophoresis revealed monoclonal gammopathy. Subsequent tests showed glycosuria, proteinuria, a positive serology test for Anaplasma spp. and ultrasonographical changes of the liver and spleen. Urine electrophoresis confirmed the presence of Bence-Jones protein. The dog's condition deteriorated, and the dog had developed skin lesions on the neck and body. The owner decided to euthanize the dog and agreed to bone marrow and skin biopsy. Bone marrow cytology revealed an increased number of plasma cells and several cellular atypia. Histopathology of the skin lesions showed a round cell tumor of lymphoid or plasmacytoid origin. Subsequent immunohistology supported the diagnosis of multiple myeloma cutaneous involvement. This case report describes unusual features observed in a dog with multiple myeloma.


Henrik Gabriel Porthan (1739-1804), professor at the Turku Academy, is generally regarded as the "father of Finnish history", but it is shown here that he was also influential in the development of Finnish geography. Porthan did a great deal of work in revising the chapter on Finland in Eric Tuneld's geography of Sweden. The most important consideration for him was the accuracy of the information given. He used large amounts of numerical data, considered the correct spellings of placenames and paid careful attention to ethnographic details. He was not interested in explaining the phenomena that he described, however. Taken as a whole, Porthan's contribution represents the first reliable general statement of the geography of Finland, and as such came up to the general European standard of his day. Porthan assembled an extensive collection of maps, which he hoped would help to promote the publication of a set of general maps of Finland. He was also a distinguished educationalist with an interest in developing the teaching of geography. He was a supporter of the expanding circles theory, according to which teaching should set out from the pupils' home district and proceed in a stepwise manner to the native land, neighbouring countries and finally the whole world. Normal 0 21 false false false EN-US X-NONE X-NONE


Some new issues concerning maritime traffic safety control needs to be considered,as the port economy is developing fast in Qingdao.It has become an urgent need to enhance the maritime traffic safety through local legislation.


The object of research is the control system of an autonomous mobile robot equipped with an anthropomorphic manipulator with four degrees of mobility. When a mobile robot of variable configuration moves along a given route, the control system must ensure a minimum deviation of the center of mass of the platform from a given trajectory. In this case, the control moments are directed along the axes of the coordinate system associated with the platform of the autonomous mobile robot. With relative movements of the manipulator, the tensor of inertia of the system of bodies in the coordinate system associated with the platform becomes off-diagonal and non-stationary, which determines the interconnection of control channels. The number of control actions: when moving the trajectory – four (for each wheel), when the manipulator is working – four (for each generalized coordinate). Thus, the control system is multidimensional, the connection between control channels is carried out due to the physical properties of the control object.The paper presents the results of the first stages of the development of a multi-connected control system: study of separate control channels, synthesis of a separate controller, adjustments of the controller and analysis of the quality of the created control system. The research is carried out using matrix transfer functions; Besekersky formulas are applied to determine the parameters of the desired transfer function. During the analysis, logarithmic and amplitude frequency characteristics were constructed for each separate channel, a block diagram was chosen, and a transfer function was compiled. The quality assessment of the synthesized separate channel is carried out according to the following criteria: accuracy, speed, oscillation, transient time, overshoot, amplitude and phase distortions, stability margins. The properties of the synthesized separate channel in terms of accuracy, speed and oscillation correspond to the conditions.Further research and synthesis of multi-connected control systems of a mobile robot with a manipulator will increase its survivability and efficiency in autonomous operation. Since a mobile robot with a manipulator is an example of an «autonomous mobile robot of variable configuration» object class, the results obtained can be applied to all objects of this class.


Net CO2 assimilation rate (A) and plant water relations of peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch cv. Flordaking] leaves were monitored during development under field conditions. Leaf conductance to water vapor (gl) and transpiration rate (E) of unfolding and expanding leaves approached maximum values before maximum A values were achieved. Net CO2 assimilation rate and water use efficiency (WUE) were greatest for recently expanded leaves and gradually declined with age after full expansion. Leaf water potential (ψw) was similar for all leaf ages under field conditions. Leaf dry weight/cm2 and chlorophyll/cm2 increased with leaf age after expansion. Diurnal patterns of gl, E, and ψw were similar for expanded spring- and summer-flush leaves. Midday ψw of −2.4 MPa (ψp = about 0.3 MPa) did not reduce gl. Expanding shoots had higher osmotic potentials (ψπ) and thus maintained lower turgor potentials (ψp) than fully expanded shoots. Shoot and leaf elongation rates were related exponentially to ψp and were reduced drastically below ψp 1.0 and 0.7 MPa, respectively. The bulk modulus of elasticity (є) increased linearly with ψp, but there were no significant differences in є of expanding and nonexpanding shoots. As leaf water deficits developed, shoot and leaf expansion were inhibited prior to gl or A. Thus, a moderate level of water stress can reduce the rate of vegetative growth of peach trees without concomitant reductions in carbon assimilation.


Foreign direct investment (FDI) in China is heavily concentrated in the coastal regions. Do inland provinces benefit from coastal FDI? We use a provincial-level panel dataset and employ the fixed-effects instrumental variables regression technique to investigate the interregional spillovers from coastal FDI to inland provinces. The study finds that, on average, coastal FDI has a negative impact on the economic growth of inland provinces. In addition, depending on the different trade activities engaged in (i.e. whether processing trade or ordinary trade), coastal FDI has different impacts on the economic growth of inland provinces.


Background : Anxiety disorders in school-aged adolescents are associated with increased rates of depression, adverse mental health and life course outcomes. Study objective was to assess the effectiveness of behavioral therapy on anxiety towards academy achievements among 50 early adolescents at selected schools in Pondicherry. Methods : Pre experimental one group pre -test & post -test research design is adopted for the study. The level of anxiety was measured through pre-test questionnaire and the effectiveness level of anxiety was measured through posttest questionnaire. Paired – t test and Chi-square test was done for statistical significance. Results : Overall 76% were mild and 24% had moderate level of anxiety towards academy achievements among early adolescents. The paired 't' test value of t = 8.541were statistically highly significant. The religion were statistically significant(p<0.05) in pre-test of the level of anxiety and The gender, socioeconomic status and stage performance in school annual day were statistically significant(p<0.05) Post-test of the level of anxiety. Conclusions: The Intervention on Behavioral therapy the researcher in order to reduce the level of anxiety regarding anxiety towards academy achievements among early adolescents. Conclusion:-A study to assess the effectiveness of behavioral therapy on anxiety towards academy achievements among early adolescents at selected schools in Pondicherry. The findings of the study revealed that out of 50 early adolescents, In post-test, Majority of the early adolescents 38 (76%) had mild level of anxiety and 12 (24%) had moderate level of anxiety .The Intervention on Behavioral therapy the researcher in order to reduce the level of anxiety regarding anxiety towards academy achievements among early adolescents.


Conflicts and collaboration among agents are commonly seen in social activities where multi-agent systems are involved in. Nowadays the evolutionary game theory can effectively model the interest conflicts among agent in the swarm, among which the iterated Prisoner's Dilemma game offers a well-studied metaphor with which to explore theoretically the evolution of cooperation. The diversity of individual choices is realized by four strategies here: always-defect, always-cooperate, tit-for-tat and win-stay-lose-shift. Our attempt here is to understand the competition and collaboration behaviors by studying the evolutionary stability of these four strategies. After parameterizing the corresponding payoff matrices, strategy updating rules related with the strategies will drive the population dynamics to evolve over time. We used individual-based simulations to investigate how the individual heterogeneity influences the evolutionary emergence and subsequent stability of cooperation in a structured population. Results on complex networks provide us a clear information about the strategy competition results and the influencing factors.


In light of the identified shortcomings in the earlier studies of consumers' assessment of advertisement value on social networking sites, and the relative importance of explaining advertisement va ...


The invention provides an appliance foot, particularly for a tabletop kitchen machine. The stand comprises an extension at the side of a housing, where an elastomer part is accommodated and formed at a stand surface. A spike portion is accommodated in a shell part with a play remaining transverse to an extension. The shell part ends at a cantilevered front side, where the elastomer part rests on a tray bottom in a planar manner.


Ngoc Linh ginseng ( Panax vietnamensis Ha et Grushv.) is an endemic species in Vietnam and was discovered at the Ngoc Linh mountain (Kon Tum/Quảng Nam). Investigations showed that the soil with a thick layer of humus was the ideal condition for growth and development of Ngoc Linh ginseng. Therefore research on microbial flora as well as cellulose-degrading bacteria in ginseng soil may elucidate factors contributing to acclimatized cultivation of this ginseng in Vietnam. From the soil sample with cultivated Ngoc Linh ginseng in Quang Nam, five bacteria strains with cellulose-degrading activities were isolated (QN1, QN2, QN3, QN4, QN5 with respectively hydrolyzed CMC halos diameters of 10, 11, 22, 7, 22 mm) with cellulase activities of 1,31; 1,23; 2,99; 0,99; 2,51 U/ml. The combination of 16S rRNA gene sequences and cultured/biochemical characteristics of the bacteria showed that the five bacteria strains was classified to be Pseudomonas sp. QN1 ; Pseudomonas sp. QN4; Bacillus sp . QN2; Bacillus sp . QN3 ; Roseomonas sp. QN5.


Reviews common wild, cultivated, and household plants which may be harmful to humans by causing allergic reactions, dermatitis, physical injury, or internal poisoning. Includes brief descriptions of plants, their potential harm, and some illustrations. (DC) Language: en


It is grounded theoretical and methodological means of use of natural and programmable visual aids when studying the anatomy of domestic animals, in particular the organization of individual work of students in modern conditions and its place in the educational system of modern higher educational institution. The question concerning the methodological ensuring of the individual preparation of students was elucidated in conditions of credit system education and ways to solve it on an example of one of the normative discipline of curriculum of preparation the Master of veterinary medicine – anatomy of domestic animals. It is presented the educational and methodical developments on the organization of independent preparation of students on anatomy of domestic animals, including the use of colored programmable tables painted and electrified natural bone drugs of domestic animals: skulls, stands-training equipment of limbs bones, including scapula, shoulder, hip and other bones. By the originality of electrified colored preparation of the sagittal sawing of cow skeleton is that it is possible to study the structure of the various parts of the skull, spine, extremities at the same time features in the structure of the bones of these departments. In order to study the sections "osteology" and "syndesmology" and control interrogation of students at the  department,  are widely used also programmable stands – simulator of bones and joints of thoracic and pelvic limbs. The value of these stands – simulators is because it's natural anatomical preparations. These simulators are especially useful for students, to give them the opportunity to study and define all the details of the structure of bones and joints of the extremities of 4 species in no time. Next to osteological preparations were produced and implemented in the educational process the programmable training of the limb muscles, dry painted programmable preparations of the internal organs. These preparations make it possible to students to see life-size and topography of the internal organs, different colors and aggravate students' attention to certain parts of bodies. Attached to these drugs booklets with the label to them in Latin and Ukrainian languages enable students to learn the material on their own and to conduct self-control. So at the Department of Anatomy are widely used the programmable and electrified preparations of bone joints, muscles, natural dry painted preparations of internal organs for learning, self-training and knowledge control of students.


A new detection method for unstructured off-road scenes was proposed to improve the effectiveness of lane segmentation algorithm.The color of road and off-road regions were modeled by Gaussian mixtures which were trained in a supervised manner.For a new image,color segmentation was first applied based on the posterior probability.Sobel edge detector was then used to locate candidate edgelets along road boundaries.By combining both segmentation and edge information,how likely each edgelet was along the actual road boundaries could be evaluated.Dynamic programming was used to find an optimal concatenation of edgelets that form road boundaries.Experimental results show that this method could segment the lane boundary effectively,and is robust against noise,shadows and illumination variations.


The effect of different pulverized coals and chars on NO heterogeneous reduction in the fuel rich stage of reburning was studied in a bench scale flow reactor.In the experiments were used three pulverized coals and its chars and bituminous char with appended catalysts as reburning fuel.Experiments were complete at an initial concentration of 1 000×10 -6 and reactor temperature of 900 and 1 100 ℃.It was found that tignite and its char have their NO reduction efficiency higher than those of other coals and chars.The content of volatile in coals,surface area of the chars and the content of metal catalyst in ash are all important factors affecting the NO reduction efficiency.In the reburning zone using pulverized coals and chars,the heterogeneous mechanism may be an important contributor to NO reduction.


AbstrACt : In this study association analyses were performed between genes tagged SNP ( IGF2 , NAMPT , DGAT1 , MYF4 , MC3R , MC4R and MYOD1 ), performance traits (backfat thickness, lean meat content, average daily gain from birth to the end of the test, average daily gain in test) and estimated breeding values (EBVs) in a population of Czech Large White sows ( n = 101). Genotyping of all SNPs was performed by SNapShot with the exception of SNP within NAMPT gene for which Hpa II PCR-RFLP assay was used. The following significant associations between genes tagged SNPs and traits or EBVs were found out: DGAT1 – lean meat content ( AG > AA , P ≤ 0.05), MC4R – EBV for lean meat content ( GG > AA , P ≤ 0.05; GG > AG , P ≤ 0.05), IGF2 – EBV for reproduction (piglets born alive in the second and subsequent parity) ( AG > AA , P ≤ 0.05) and total EBV ( AG > AA , P ≤ 0.01) and MC3R – EBV for average daily gain ( CT > TT , P ≤ 0.05). Keywords : pig; genotyping; SNP; performance trait; estimated breeding value (EBV); Czech Large WhiteCurrently, pig breeding plays a key role in meat production, and the high consumption of pork cor-responds to this. On the other hand, the high ef-ficiency of pig breeding is absolutely necessary for competitiveness under today's difficult economic conditions. So meat performance, reproduction, and product qualities are the most economically important factors for production efficiency. These quantitative traits are under the polygenic control of many genes as well as environmental factors, and each underlying gene contributes a small proportion of genetic variation (Hu et al., 2009). The knowledge of genes affecting meat performance could be used in marker assisted selection (MAS), which combines traditional selection techniques and molecular biol-ogy for genetic improvement and which can make the production of pork more efficient.The gene set for our analysis was composed of seven previously reported polymorphic genes with an influence on meat performance (


Dives and Pauper is an encyclopaedic prose commentary on the ten commandments, cast as a dialogue between a wealthy layman and his instructor, a poor priest, perhaps a mendicant friar. It was composed in the early fifteenth century and addresses theological debates of the turbulent period of English church history with unusual directness and compendiousness. It has long attracted attention from historians of the period and often been quoted. This concluding volume presents a full historical discussion of its context and authorship, while the extensive explanatory notes and glossary make the many references in the text to church authorities, canon law and language accessible. The first two volumes were published by the Early English Text Society as Original Series 275 (1976) and 288 (1980). This final volume has been long- and eagerly-awaited.


William Paley (1743-1805) 5 How the Words Changed 10 Attributions to Paley 12 1879: Anglo-Israel or, The British Nation: The Lost Tribes of Israel 12 1894: Brother of the Third Degree 14 1912: Zion's Watchtower 16 1950: Lent, Good Friday, and Easter 17 1991: The Highgate Vampire 18 Summary of Attributions to Paley 19


SummaryIn 1977 to 1981 the incidence of HBsAg positive antenatal patients at Hammersmith Hospital was 0·6 percent. Ninety per cent of the positive patients were immigrants. Simple but strict precautions were taken with respect to phlebotomy, haemorrhage and the confinement and there were no instances of crossinfection. None of the babies was HBsAg positive. None the less, the babies of HBeAg positive mothers should be given antihepatitis B virus immunoglobulin at birth.


: Pipeline spraying can be adopted for greatly improving spraying efficiency in hillside orchard spraying operations. However, residual phytosanitary product still remains in the pipeline after the completion of pipeline spraying operations. Currently, residual phytosanitary liquid is handled according to the following general method: pipeline flushing with fresh water. The method can easily lead to pesticide waste and environment pollution. On-line pesticide mixing technology can be adopted for reducing pesticide waste and environmental pollution. However, on-line pesticide mixing technology is not applied in pipeline spraying operations. Therefore, the mixing principle of jet-mixing apparatus is adopted as a reference in the paper for designing the basic structure of on-line pesticide mixing apparatus based on pipeline spraying. The structure is mainly composed of a constricted tube, suction chamber, Venturi, and diffusion tube. An analysis method based on the CFD orthogonal experiment is adopted for studying the influence of the changes of four key structure parameters on on-line pesticide mixing apparatus, pesticide dissolution performance, and pesticide mixing performance; the four parameters include constricted tube falloff angle, diffusion tube divergence angle, Venturi diameter, and Venturi length. Since there may be interaction among them, three experiment evaluation indexes of lifting height, turbulent kinetic energy, and pressure recovery distance are set for judgment. The change of three evaluation indexes with change of constricted tube falloff angle, diffusion tube divergence angle, Venturi diameter, and Venturi length, respectively, is revealed through single-index variance analysis; the three indexes include lifting height, turbulent kinetic energy, and pressure recovery distance. The primary and secondary sequences of respective influences of all structure parameters and their interaction on all evaluation indexes are obtained. Analysis results of all evaluation indexes are comprehensively considered in order to finally discover the comprehensive optimal pesticide mixing apparatus structure parameters, namely: constricted tube falloff angle is 22 ◦ , diffusion tube divergence angle is 9 ◦ , Venturi diameter is 2 mm, Venturi length is 6 mm, and pesticide mixing apparatus structure parameters are optimized. Theoretical reference is provided in the paper for on-line pesticide mixing apparatus prototype production on the basis of pipeline spraying.


The goal of this study was to investigate whether expert physicians' knowledge can be represented in the form (.:f illness scripts. The idea of "scripts" was introduced by Schank and Abelson (1977) to explain why people are able to bring to bear enormous amounts of knowledge almost effortlessly in practical real-life situations. Previous script-related research has revealed that recognition memory discrimination for typical script items is generally poor. An experiment was designed to investigate whether this result would also apply to illness scripts, and whether level of expertise would influence recognition memory for illness script items. Though a significant interaction between typicality and textual presence of items was found for experienced physicians (n=23) but not for fourth-year medical students (n=22), no clear developmental trend could be discerned; the intermediate group of sixth-year medical students (n=20) appeared to have a more accurate recognition memory than either the experts or the novices. The results are discussed with regard to the development of illness scripts. One table and two figures present study findings. An appendix contains a case example. (Contains 20 references.) (SLD) ********************************************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. *********************************************************************** U S DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION Ofle e O1 Educational Research and improvement EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) LLThis document has been reproduced as received )10e the person or organization originating it Cl Minor changes have been made to improve reproduction Quality LLI points of new 01 opinions staled in this clocu ment do not necessarily represent official OE RI positron or policy "PERMISSION TO rtEPRODUCE THIS MATERIAL HAS BEEN GRANTED BY


Excerpt MJHA-880250. To the editor: Appendix Table 1 in our paper on cholesterol reduction and life expectancy (1) contains a transpositional error in the list of unstandardized age-specific beta c...