The pursuit of control algorithms with improved performance drives the entire control research community as well as large parts of the mathematics, engineering, and artificial intelligence research communities. A fundamental limitation on achieving control performance is the conflicting requirement of maintaining system stability. In general, the more aggressive is the controller, the better the control performance but also the closer to system instability.
Robust control is a collection of theories, techniques, and tools that form one of the leading edge approaches to control. Most controllers are designed not on the physical plant to be controlled, but on a mathematical model of the plant; hence, these controllers often do not perform well on the physical plant and are sometimes unstable. Robust control overcomes this problem by adding uncertainty to the mathematical model. The result is a more general, less aggressive controller which performs well on both the model and the physical plant. However, the robust control method also sacrifices some control performance in order to achieve its guarantees of stability.
Reinforcement learning based neural networks offer some distinct advantages for improving control performance. Their nonlinearity enables the neural network to implement a wider range of control functions, and their adaptability permits them to improve control performance via on-line, trial-and-error learning. However, neuro-control is typically plagued by a lack of stability guarantees. Even momentary instability cannot be tolerated in most physical plants, and thus, the threat of instability prohibits the application of neuro-control in many situations.
In this dissertation, we develop a stable neuro-control scheme by synthesizing the two fields of reinforcement learning and robust control theory. We provide a learning system with many of the advantages of neuro-control. Using functional uncertainty to represent the nonlinear and time-varying components of the neural networks, we apply the robust control techniques to guarantee the stability of our neuro-controller. Our scheme provides stable control not only for a specific fixed-weight, neural network, but also for a neuro-controller in which the weights are changing during learning. Furthermore, we apply our stable neuro-controller to several control tasks to demonstrate that the theoretical stability guarantee is readily applicable to real-life control situations. We also discuss several problems we encounter and identify potential avenues of future research.


Three new HLA-A*02 alleles were completely characterized by sequencing-based typing (SBT). A*0281 and A*9224 showed eight clustered amino acid differences into the Bw4/Bw6 epitope at positions 74-83, regarding A*02010101. Both disclosed the same Bw4 motif described for A*25 and A*32 alleles. A*9224 has an additional mismatch at residue 265 (G>V) in the alpha3 domain, which has not been reported for any other human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I molecule. HLA-A*0289 differed from A*02010101 in the conserved amino acid residue 192 (H>Q).


With the explosive growth of the amount of digital music available on the Internet, Musical Information Retrieval (MIR) has become a topic that has attracted the attention of researchers in a wide range of disciplines. The quality of a content-based retrieval system depends heavily on how well the individual components for representation and matching of the data perform. Most existing commercial music databases use text as the main supplier of meta-data of music, such as the name of the artist/performer and the title of the song. For text, rapid matching methods are available and are applied extensively in search engines on the World Wide Web. However, once such meta-data is incomplete or not available, all of the existing commercial systems will fail to deliver.


Mitchell Berlin raises the question "Should Business Bankruptcy Be a One-Chapter Book?" The answer, in part, depends on the answers to other questions: What makes more economic sense? A bankruptcy system that auctions a firm's assets and distributes the proceeds among the creditors? Or one that allows the firm to seek to resume business after renegotiations between its stockholders and its creditors? Or is there room—or even a need—for both?


The oxidation of mecury (I) (Hg 2 2+ ) by ozone (O 3 ) in acidic aqueous solutions has been investigated using stopped-flow techniques. The reaction is essentially second order, and the rate was found to be independent of pH and temperature


Objective: Ascertain whether early debridement, with its related costs and patient discomfort, limits adhesion formation as evaluated by a blinded observer, via video-endoscopy at 3 months post-surgery. Method: A blinded RCT of patients undergoing primary bilateral sinus surgery at a tertiary referral hospital. One side of the nose was randomized to receive debridement postoperatively. The sinus cavities were videotaped at 3 months, and 2 surgeons blindly evaluated each side. Results: No significant difference in the 2 sides was found in terms of adhesion and patency rates. Conclusion: Regular and frequent debridement following sinus surgery might not be as crucial as previously thought to prevent adhesion formation and improve wound healing. However, removal of crusting does seem to improve patients perception of malodor and nasal obstruction in the immediate postoperative period.


Copies of Blake's illuminated books differ one from the other. Inferred from this fact are a set of mistaken assumptions about production, editing, and intention. Illuminated hooks appear to have been produced "one by one" (Grant 281) "as [Blake] got commissions" (Davids and Petrillo 154), or "with a particular customer in mind" (Erdman, Complete Poetry and Prose 786; henceforth referred to as E), and "over many years, beginning . . . in the late I780s and not ending until the last years of his life" (Essick "William Blake, William Hamilton, and the Materials of Graphic Meaning" 857; henceforward referred to as "Materials"). [1] Moreover, revision seems continuous and deliberate, making each copy of a book seem like "a new edition" (Johnson 126), which in turn seems to express Blake's contempt for and rejection of conventional modes of graphic and book production. Hence, "every copy of every book" not only appears to have been produced uniquely, but also Blake appears to have "certainly intended [illuminated books] to be different" (Plowman 11). These positions are neatly summarized by Jerome McGann, who states that Blake intended that "each of his works be unique" and that "these differences" among copies were not "merely accidental [or] unimportant for the 'meaning' of Blake's work. Certainly to Blake they seemed immensely consequential; indeed—and he was quite right—they seemed definitive of the difference between one sort of art (free, creative) and another (commonplace, generalized)" ("Text" 275, 276). And yet, while designs as initially drawn on plates do differ from the designs as printed, and prints do differ one from the other, such variations do not signify a rejection of uniformity and all it supposedly represents, nor do they determine the print's meaning. The first kind of difference was inherent to a mode of production in which finishing was conceived as part of the inventive process, and the second kind—for example, the varying width of a river in a particular image—requires comparisons that Blake could not have expected or intended his readers to make. Before assuming ideological causes, one needs to examine the technical and material grounds for difference and to understand the history of the works being compared. First, much of the coloring and recoloring of books, especially of early copies, was done by Mrs. Blake, who appears to have worked independently of Blake on some books and with him on others. Page 1 of 30 Copies of Blake's illuminated books differ one from the other


One of the ways in which contemporary cities are re-naturalised is through urban voids. Open spaces, sites and wastelands offer unsuspected opportunities to fill the cities with green, which some architects have used as the foundation of their urban proposals, while on other occasions the passing of time has revealed the capacity for regeneration. Both these situations can teach us how to improve the urban spaces we inhabit.


that actively and intentionally works against oppression (i.e., education that changes racism, sexism, heterosexism, etc.), what I call "anti-oppressive" educa tion. In fact, my own teaching experi ences suggest to me that these questions, with their commonsense or normalized notions of "desire" and "crisis," make possible only certain ways of thinking about and engaging in anti-oppressive education, and make impossible or unimaginable other, and perhaps more effective, approaches to teaching and learning against oppression. In what follows, I reflect on my expe riences teaching high school students and student teachers, and argue that teaching was made meaningful, and learning against oppression was made possible, only when we?consciously or unconsciously ? made use of non-nor malized or perverted forms of desire and crisis. My language, here, is intentional: reflections on the "perverted" involve not only a deviation from what is com monly considered good, right, or true in education, but also an incorporation of the "queer" into practices that often cling to the norm, as I will explain later on. Throughout the article, I include statements that some of my students have expressed orally and in writing to each other and to me as I attempt to re present some of the troubling conversa tions I hear in education.


Because of the restriction of self-propelled gun full-scale test, and because the traditional vibration test can't be used for non-contact, non-disassembly and nondestructive test. A method that utilizes the non-stationary acoustic signal for gearbox fault diagnosis was introduced. In order to process the non-stationary signals such as speed up signals effectively, the order tracking technique were presented. Combined the cepstrum analysis to conquer the disadvantage of traditional FFT when processing non-stationary signal. Compared to the vibration signals, the gearbox gear wearing fault experiment and data analyzing showed its feasibility and superiority.


Radio emitter recognition in dense multi-user environments is an important tool for optimizing spectrum utilization, identifying and minimizing interference, and enforcing spectrum policy. Radio data is readily available and easy to obtain from an antenna, but labeled and curated data is often scarce making supervised learning strategies difficult and time consuming in practice. We demonstrate that semi-supervised learning techniques can be used to scale learning beyond supervised datasets, allowing for discerning and recalling new radio signals by using sparse signal representations based on both unsupervised and supervised methods for nonlinear feature learning and clustering methods.


This article reviews critiques on Eliade suggested by Kimberly C. Patton and Jonathan Z. Smith, both of whom criticize and challenge Eliade`s scholarship as well as appreciate its value. They may be said to "criticize the giant on the shoulder of the giant." Then I show that responses to their criticism can be found within Eliade`s theories of religion. It is possible to counter many critical views on Eliade by examining Eliade`s scholarly work and clarifying what he meant. For instance, though Patton argues that Eliade places the experience of the sacred beyond the operations of reason, we can learn that the experience of the sacred Eliade demonstrates is not independent of human consciousness. Smith`s argument that Eliade`s center symbolism cannot be applied to the "primitive" understanding of place should be reexamined on the basis of thorough inquiries on the point Eliade emphasizes in explaining the center symbolism. It is not inappropriate for students of comparative religion to use the giant`s shoulder for the starting point of their research, though sometimes they should get down from it and pay meticulous attention to detail.


An apparatus for forming metal containers comprising one or more devices that are electrically coordinated are provided to perform operations of local and/or extensive deformation over metal containers which feature great flexibility and modularity, and an apparatus which is adapted to form a structure of proper size regardless of the complexity and the number of processing cycles to be conducted on the metal container, and which does not require excessive space for installation is provided. In an apparatus(10) for forming a metal container comprising one or more devices that are electrically coordinated to perform operations of local and/or extensive deformation over metal containers comprising one or more interface devices(12), the apparatus is characterized in that the motion of the devices is accomplished in an indirect manner through units adapted to synchronize and coordinate the same devices. The apparatus further comprises one or more operating devices(14) and, and an optional reversal device(16). The apparatus comprises one or more drive units for each of the devices(12,14,16) and/or parts of the devices. The parts of the devices are defined by tools. The interface devices, the operating devices and the optional reversal devices are arranged in a closed-loop. The units adapted to electrically synchronize and coordinate the devices are formed by a control system that is operated according to a centralized control system configuration having a power supply unit, and the control system includes: a device control unit or assembly adapted to coordinate the logic operation of the interface devices, operating devices and optional reversal devices; and/or a motion control unit or assembly adapted to ensure motion synchronization among the devices.


Objective To analysis the accuracy of MRI diagnosing pigmented villonodular synovitis preoperatively and its role in follow-up. Methods A retrospective analysis study was carried out from January 2003 to January 2011, which invovled clinical-suspected pigmented villonodular synovitis patients. Pathological findings, age, joint distribution, treatment, preoperative and postoperative imaging findings were all analyzed and compared. Results 66 patients were included, among which 54 cases of 23 men and 31 women were pathologically proved as PVNS. 46 cases were diffused type and eight cases were localized type. There were 52 cases of PVNS diagnosed by MRI correctly; MRI preoperative diagnosis accuracy was 78.8%. 20 cases recurred, of which MRI diagnostic accuracy rate was 100%. Seven cases were applied postoperative radiotherapy and one of these cases was found pathological fracture after radiotherapy. Conclusions Pigmented villonodular synovitis is a benign proliferating disease which often relapses; preoperative and postoperative MRI diagnostic accuracy rate is high and MRI may play an important role in follow-up.


Along with the increasing development involving Paving Block. The need for efforts to obtain alternative materials that can be used as aggregate. In this final project author using Shells Palm Ash as a substitute for cement. Shells Palm Ash is the waste that has not been used optimally, whereas it contains almost 60% silica content.
The Shells Palm Ash taken from palm oil processing plant in PT. Global Industrial Deurob Palembang, South Sumatra. In this final project, the authors review the quality of paving blocks based on Compressive Strength and Water Absorption by substitution of cement with palm shells ash grading from variations of 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25% and 0% variation as control variable. Tests carried out on Paving Block ranging with age of 7, 14, 21, and 28 days.
Results of this final project are compressive strength values on all variations of a mixture of palm shells ash as follows 5% is 176.667 kg / cm², 10% is 187.667 kg / cm², 15% is 149.333 kg / cm², 20% is120 kg / cm², 25% is 110,333 kg / cm². The water absorption average value of 5% is 3.474%, 10% is 4.287%, 15% is 5.101%, 20% is 5.997%, 25% is 7.516%. Paving blocks that use palm shells ash as a cement substitute material studied with the percentage of 5%, 10%, and 15% intire in the category B and C quality of paving block according to the standard SNI 03-0691-1996.
Keywords : paving block, palm shell ash , compressive strength of paving block, absorption of paving block


This book brings together a series of travel writers whose lives and work coincided with and played some part in chronicling and shaping British imperialism. These include well-known figures such as George Grey, Gertrude Bell, and Roger Casement, as well as some others who have received less critical attention: Hugh Clifford, Henry Ling Roth, Flora Annie Steel, Tom Harrison and Everard im Thurn. There is already a huge literature on imperial travel writers of this generation; the more distinctive contribution of this book, encapsulated in its subtitle, is to read this literature as a form of proto-anthropology. Recognized by some as anthropology, dismissed by others as popular, undisciplined and/or unscientific, this travel writing has occupied an ambivalent position, tracing what Peter Hulme and Russell McDougall call the margins of anthropology. The margins of anthropology are examined from the outside, and from one particular disciplinary angle. On the one hand, through the choice of subjects: a mixed bag of writers who defy simple labels and include colonial governors and administrators, human rights campaigners and ornithologists, all of whom wrote about the people they encountered in their work and travels, none of whom were conventional or professional anthropologists. On the other, through the positions and perspective of the editors and contributors who write about these figures: for the most part, professors of literary studies. Of the 13 contributors, just one identifies as an anthropologist. This disciplinary perspective is reflected in the particular margins and boundaries that this book illuminates: those that were mobilized to distinguish formal from more popular and freer forms of writing at a time when (we are told) anthropologists were struggling to assert their discipline as a mainstream social science. Though its dust-jacket promises to 'engage all those with an interest in cultural geography', the book might have reached out more directly to these audiences, perhaps by drawing together the geographical threads that run through it (something even the index declines to do), and/or by contextualizing the contested boundaries of anthropology alongside those of disciplines with which it had close relationships and shared interests, including geography. But the focus on 'tactical exclusions and dislocations, in particular the exclusion of administrators and travel writers' from protoanthropology nevertheless resonates closely with feminist and other critical historiographies of geographical knowledge. It echoes some familiar stories about the differentiation of texts and the marginalization of authors, according to their gender, class, race and other social positions. It also tells of emergent disciplines and institutions that, for all their bluster and pomposity, and for all the claims have since been made about their hegemony and their close relationships with imperial government, were profoundly anxious and desperately insecure. Coveting a place in the establishment, they jettisoned some of their most interesting and lively figures, and got what they deserved.


The auxins viz.2,4-D, NAA alone or in combination to BAP (1.0mgl−1) did not induce good quality callus. More than 1ppm IBA formed less and quite compact callus at cut ends with rooting only after two weeks. IBA (0.5-2.0 mgl−1) + 1.0 mg/l BAP increased the mass of pale white, compact, nodular callus with embryogenesis in ten days that differentiated on the callusing media. With IBA and BAP, hypocotyl induced 100.00% callus on all the MS media combinations (1.5mgl−1 IBA + 1.0mgl−1 BAP, 1.0mgl−1IBA +1.0 mgl−1BAP and 0.5mgl−1IBA + 1.0mgl−1BAP), while cotyledons produced maximum callus on MS with 1.5mgl−1IBA + 1.0mgl−1BAP (97.03%). However, cotyledon induced 95.64% somatic embryogenesis on MS +1.5mgl−1 IBA + 1.0mgl−1 BAP followed by leaf (94.10%). Hypocotyl had no somatic embryogenesis on MS media fortified with conc. of 1.5 mgl−1IBA + 1.0mgl−1BAP, which could be increased with further decrease in IBA levels. Callus induced by NAA, 2,4-D and IBA auxins suppressed shoot bud initiation, while IBA +BAP induced callus diverted towards differentiation into shoots on higher levels of BAP+ kin. Furthermore, organogenesis was not observed in the callus induced from the hypocotyl, whereas it was maximum in cotyledon (55.02%) followed by leaf (44.57%) on MS medium supplemented with 2.5mgl−1BAP + 1.0mgl−1kin + 0.2% activated charcoal.


Objective To observe the relation of pres1 antigen(PreS1Ag)with hepatitis B e-antigen(HBeAg) and HBV-DNA,and discuss the value of laboratory diagnostic tests and the clinical significance about PreS1Ag.Methods A total of 512 serum samples were collected from HBV carriers.And the serums were examined for HBV Markers,PreS1Ag and HBV-DNA.Results One hundred and forty two HBsAg,HBeAg Ant-Hbc carriers were detected.The positive rates of PreS1Ag and HBV-DNA were 95.1% and 95.8% respectively.HBsAg,HBeAb and Anti-HBc positive carriers were 316 patients.The positive rates of PreS1Ag and HBC-DNA were 87.0% and 88.9%.HBsAg and Anti-HBc positive carriers were 54.The positive rates of PreS1Ag and HBV-DNA were 88.9% and 92.6%.The results suggeste that the virus still replicates in some carriers whose HBeAg shows negative while HBeAb positive or negative.While The HBV-DNA is positive.The coincidence rates of PreS1Ag,HBeAg reach 98.1% and 30.4%.It is more significance of different detection rates between HBeAg and PreS1Ag(P0.01).Conclusion PreS1Ag reflects the HBV replication more sensitively than HBeAg.


Summary of background datas: The management for thoracolumbar fractures remains challenging. It is still controversial which surgical option and approach can correct the deformity, induce neurological recovery, allow patients early mobilization and return to work with minimal risk of complication. The load sharing classification was proposed to describe the thoracolumbar fracture and guide the surgical approach and widely used.
Objectives: To review the related studies reporting the load sharing classification for the management of thoracolumbar fractures, discusses the generation, biomechanics, clinical application and advancement of load sharing classification.
Material and Methods: PubMed was used to search for articles published from January 1992 to January 2013 using keywords (thoracolumbar fracture and load sharing). References were checked to identify additional studies.
Results: There were 19 original articles that ultimately constituted the basis for the review. 16 prospective or retrospective studies reporting clinical results using load sharing classification to treat the thoracolumbar fracture were listed. The sample size was relatively small and it was difficult to compare the results among different studies without the same outcome measures or length of follow-up periods.
Conclusion: The optimal surgical method to reduce the postoperative complications and maintain the favorable long-term result for thoracolumbar fractures, all of these are still the challenges of the spine surgery. The load-sharing theory and the load-sharing classification have made contribution to solve the above problems and laid the theoretical basis and provided the clinical guideline meanwhile.


Simple Summary Today, the animal world is under increasing pressure given the magnitude of anthropogenic environmental stress, especially climate change and habitat fragmentation. As a result of these global environmental changes, animals are becoming increasingly dependent on care in conditions of temporary or permanent captivity. Hence, today's zoos are tasked with a growing obligation to foster and promote the conservation of threatened and endangered species. To successfully fulfil this task, the zoo must strive to find a morally acceptable balance between animal welfare concerns and species conservation commitments—a difficult challenge, especially as both wildlife conservationists and animal protectionists tend to oppose any attempts at such a value balancing. Abstract To develop an adequate ethical framework for a futureproof zoo, we have to employ what I would call a 'bifocal' view, in which zoo animals are seen simultaneously as individuals in need of specific care and as members of a species in need of protection. From such a bifocal view, the zoo's policy should aim to strike a fair, morally acceptable balance between its effort to ensure the welfare of individual animals and its obligation to contribute to species conservation. I will argue that the prospects of the zoo to achieve such a balance are promising. Since early 21st century, zoos have made serious and sustained efforts to ensure and enhance animal welfare. The zoo's huge animal welfare concerns are reflected in the development of animal enrichment programs and the increased use of training technics. At the same time, the zoo's contribution to species conservation has also improved considerably. Zoos have found solutions for the problems created by their lack of space, such as innovative enclosure designs, specialization, regional and global cooperation, the interactive exchange of in situ and ex situ populations, and the shift away from large charismatic mammals towards smaller species. Zoos have also improved their conservation performance by broadening their conservationist role to include research, training, education, awareness campaigns, and direct financial and technical support for in situ projects. I will occasionally illustrate certain developments using examples drawn from ARTIS Zoo, the fifth oldest zoo in the world, located in the centre of my hometown Amsterdam.


Our approach aims to enlarge the application domain of a GPS-based tracker. We have configured the device using its configuration software, allowing us to organize multiple options for data acquisition and corresponding transfer between the device and the server. The first option was for SMS mode, mostly used in areas without GPRS (minimum 2.5 G) coverage or in situation of high price rates for GPRS usage. The second one allows the GPRS mode. There were developed two proceedings for using the fleet tracker in environmental surveillance. One possibility was based on 1-Wire® (Dallas Maxim) data protocol, that might provide information about some environmental parameters like temperature, relative humidity or even pressure. The other opening was underlain on the tracer's capability of processing analogue voltages. In consequence, we have enlarged the category of surveyed environmental parameters by using a calibrated magnetic field sensor (with well known calibration graph), in order to transmit the values of the background magnetic field. The preliminary tests were done just for transmitting the d.c. values delivered by a true rms converter that processed the voltage provided by the sensor, after previous integration.


Summary form only given. We have demonstrated efficient optical waveguide SHG over a distance of 0.3 cm with an efficiency of 0.1%/W. An enhancement is feasible through optimization of the overlap integral. Other possible improvements include an increase of the acceptance bandwidth and a design less sensitive to thickness variations, therefore allowing longer propagation distances.


War and postwar intersections - Latin America and the USA, David Rock Latin American economics in the 1940s, Rosemary Thorp internal trajectories versus external influences - Brazil, Chile, Mexico and Venezuela, Ruth Collier ELCA and the formation of Latin American economic doctrine, Paul Drake the populist gamble of Getulio Vargas in 1945, John French peace in the world and democracy at home - the Chilean Women's Movement in the 1940s, Corinne Antezana-Pernet why not corporatism? - redemocratization and regime formation in Uruguay, Fernando Lopez-Alves internal and external convergence - redemocratization and regime formation in Uruguay, Daniel Lewis the origins of the Green Revolution in Mexico - continuity or change?, Joseph Cotter labour control and the postwar growth model in Latin America, Ian Roxborough.


As an important part of engineering domain, construction engineering and management focuses on studying the planning, execution and maintenance of civil and infrastructure projects. This special issue is composed based on a collection of research papers contributed by a group of leading experts, dedicating to providing a state-of-the-art development in construction management research. Ding and Xu review recent large-scale metro construction projects in China with a speci fi c focus on its organization and market mode, cost structure, safety control and schedule management. Then, an examination about metro engineering of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) is also conducted, which indicates that information and automation based technologies are increasingly used in practice.


Optical scatter is an important property to consider in optical coatings. Although an undesirable effect, optical scatter can be used to characterize surface microroughness. It is normally believed that coatings increase surface roughness, or at best replicate the surface microstructure. We have found that this is not always the case. At the previous OIC meeting we introduced this investigation, and for the last few years we have been examining this effect in more detail. The microroughness of coated surfaces can increase or decrease as a result of coatings. In this paper we review the process of surface smoothing and its dependence on coating process, film properties and initial surface conditions.


The utility model relates to a universal steel die lining trolley for a linear and curved section tunnel. The universal steel die lining trolley comprises a template assembly, a door frame assembly, a bracket assembly, a travelling system, a hydraulic system and an electronic control system, wherein the template assembly mainly comprises a top die, a left die and a right die; the bracket assembly comprises a bracket transverse beam and a bracket longitudinal beam; the door frame assembly mainly comprises door frame upright posts, door frame diagonal bracings and door frame beams; the top die, the left die and the right die are formed by splicing a plurality of sections of template along the axis direction of the tunnel; a longitudinally moving cylinder is arranged between adjacent templates; the top die is arranged on the upper side of the bracket assembly; and the lower side of the bracket assembly is arranged on the upper side of the door frame assembly through an upper jacking cylinder and a transverse moving mechanism. The universal steel die lining trolley has the advantages of improving the construction efficiency, lightening the labor intensity and shortening the project duration, along with high economical efficiency, high reasonability and high stability under the linear-curved varying tunnel construction conditions.


Antoine Volodine has been called utopian,' but in what sense? His flights of fancy cannot be categorized among outmoded revolutionary notions, nor among any of the "new" contemporary utopias: technological (democracy via the web, Esperanto on the Internet), scientific (equality via cloning, perfection via the genome) recreational (vacation villages, urban entertainment centers, raves), artistic (total art, art transformed into life), or others. In Volodine's work, utopia is inscribed in a discursive space that is complex and paradoxical. Established by the (utopian?) non-opposition of opposites, it juxtaposes a radical political credo and an absolute nihilism that rejects all faith in any imaginable political or religious solution.2 This utopia without hope annihilates all possibility of an ideal world, and projects the principle of futureless revolution into an imaginary and remote geography. This is the itinerary in Volodine's most explicitly utopian journey, Le Nom des singes, which opens with the failure of the revolution and closes on the "intermittent" vision of the slum that the survivors, Golpiez and Gutierrez, sought to flee in order to establish an egalitarian commune "over there." The circular return to the point of departure reveals the journey's failure, but the "intermittent" vision makes the utopian space appear within the very circle of that failure: henceforth, the slum is situated "in the distance, beyond the territory of the spiders" who "in certain inaccessible areas of the forest [...] establish utopias that are more revolutionary and even more successful than those of the rest of us" (136). Although the expedition closes in defeat and agony, one has a glimpse of the paradoxical reality of utopia, fundamentallyforeign3 and necessarily elsewhere. This reality has a name-"post-exotic literature"--whose alterity goes beyond the political anchorage that founds it. If the West now renounces the revolutionary principles underwritten by egalitarian and communitarian imperatives, these are inscribed as pure loss in the inaccessible and closed space of the fiction, where the community of sub-humans is established. ? Board of Regents, University of Wisconsin System, 2003 95 SubStance #f 101, Vol. 32, no. 2, 2003


Before entering dryer,the harvested rapeseed containing many fiber impurities(such as broken crop leaves,straws,legume etc.)must be cleaned.According to the present situation few report about cleaning technology for mechanical-reaped rapeseed at home and abroad and current rapeseed cleaners unfitting for treating mechanical-reaped rapeseed,combined cleaners were designed.Interrelationship and interaction among parameters,namely,treating capacity with moisture content of mechanical-reaped rapeseed,air suction volume of equipment,sieve size and distribution,the tilt angle of sieve plate and distribution,vibratory frequency etc.,were analyzed by production experiment.It showed that when the moisture content of rapeseed was higher than 16%,sieve size of the combined cleaner should be distributed according to the upper layer 40×40,the middle 20×20 and the lower 10×10,and the tilt angle of sieve plate should be arranged according to the upper layer 21°,the middle 17°and the lower 13°.Besides,actual wind velocity passing through sieve size should reach 1.1 to 1.2 times of suspension velocity of rapeseed itself so that treating capacity could be larger and cleaning effect could be better.


In order to meet the requirement of reform and market,to optimize management,to improve the competition ability,it is necessary for power supply company to establish the union of quality,environment and safety. State grid corporation issue enterprise standards of SHEQ management system. This paper discusses and analyzes how to configure and implement union management of power supply company.


When the Luftwaffe began to attack British cities at night during the autumn of 1940 the Royal Air Force's aircraft defence system was almost useless. At the heart of the problem were the delays in providing effective Airborne Interception radar. This article examines the causes of the failure of the first three marks of AI and the delay in providing an effective replacement. It shows that the principle causes of this was the way research and development in the British radar programme were organized and managed, and the complete collapse of this organization in the last half of 1939.


We present a novel method for dense variational scene flow estimation based a multiscale Ternary Census Transform in combination with a patchwise Closest Points depth data term. On the one hand, the Ternary Census Transform in the intensity data term is capable of handling illumination changes, low texture and noise. On the other hand, the patchwise Closest Points search in the depth data term increases the robustness in low structured regions. Further, we utilize higher order regularization which is weighted and directed according to the input data by an anisotropic diffusion tensor. This allows to calculate a dense and accurate flow field which supports smooth as well as non-rigid movements while preserving flow boundaries. The numerical algorithm is solved based on a primal-dual formulation and is efficiently parallelized to run at high frame rates. In an extensive qualitative and quantitative evaluation we show that this novel method for scene flow calculation outperforms existing approaches. The method is applicable to any sensor delivering dense depth and intensity data such as Microsoft Kinect or Intel Gesture Camera.


Subsea ice‐bearing permafrost (IBPF) and associated gas hydrate in the Arctic have been subject to a warming climate and saline intrusion since the last transgression at the end of the Pleistocene. The consequent degradation of IBPF is potentially associated with significant degassing of dissociating gas hydrate deposits. Previous studies interpreted the distribution of subsea permafrost on the U.S. Beaufort continental shelf based on geographically sparse data sets and modeling of expected thermal history. The most cited work projects subsea permafrost to the shelf edge (∼100 m isobath). This study uses a compilation of stacking velocity analyses from ∼100,000 line‐km of industry‐collected multichannel seismic reflection data acquired over 57,000 km2 of the U.S. Beaufort shelf to delineate continuous subsea IBPF. Gridded average velocities of the uppermost 750 ms two‐way travel time range from 1475 to 3110 m s−1. The monotonic, cross‐shore pattern in velocity distribution suggests that the seaward extent of continuous IBPF is within 37 km of the modern shoreline at water depths < 25 m. These interpretations corroborate recent Beaufort seismic refraction studies and provide the best, margin‐scale evidence that continuous subsea IBPF does not currently extend to the northern limits of the continental shelf.


A double facade with photovoltaic (PV) panels is being built on the campus of the Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) in Trondheim. The double facade is a closed glass box on an existing office building. It consists of an outer glass wall "the Solar Skin", a cavity, and a roof and a bottom that can be opened for ventilation. The BP-Amoco Solar Skin combines two contemporary building concepts; the use of double facades in renovation projects, and the use of building integrated photovoltaics. A new external glass facade on an old building will reduce the heat losses in the winter and give shading and extra ventilation in the summer. When the PV-panels are located in the outer skin of a double facade, good ventilation is achieved at the back of the PV cells. This is important for achieving high efficiency of the electricity generation. The BP-Amoco Solar Skin has clear glass windows located in front of the existing windows, and PV-panels located in front of the opaque parts of the existing facade. The PV cells are laminated in clear glass. The transparency of the PV-panels has been carefully studied to achieve satisfactory visual comfort and daylighting. The energy performance of the solar skin, and its impact on the thermal conditions in the rooms facing the new façade, have been simulated. The paper will present the building project that will be finished in June 2000. A one year monitoring programme will follow.


The article examines graphic means of emphasis, italics, in particular. It demonstrates that italic type in Russian and English have different functions and outlines ways to translate phrases with this graphic means of accentuation.


Cellular agriculture, the manufacturing of animal-sourced foods by cell cultures, may promote food security by providing a food source that is available, accessible, utilized, and stable. The extent to which cellular agriculture can promote food security, however, will depend in part on the supply system by which it produces food. Many cellular agriculture companies appear poised to follow a centralized supply system, in which production is concentrated within a small number of large plants and products are distributed over a wide area. This model benefits from economies of scale, but has several weaknesses to food security. By being built of a handful of plants with products distributed by a large transportation network, the centralized model is vulnerable to closures, as became clear for animal-sourced centralized system during the COVID-19 pandemic. Cellular agriculture systems are being built now; therefore, alternative supply system models of decentralized and distributed systems should be considered as the systems of cellular agriculture production are established. This paper defines both the requirements of food security and three possible supply system models that cellular agriculture could take and evaluates each model based on the requirements of food security.


This paper compares performances in two types of inter-domain path computation schemes, i.e. end-to-end and per-domain schemes. The latter is advantageous under normal traffic loads, while the former is advantageous under heavy traffic loads.


BackgroundProceduresforreporting' near misses' are well established in many large organisations suchas,ShellPetroleumandBritishAirways,which take a less punitive approach to management error than the British NHS. Recent British government documents along with guidance from the National Patient Safety Agency provide the opportunity for the reporting and learning from experience of adverse events and near misses within a culture of self-ree ection and appraisal. Objective To report the processesand outcomesof an investigation of an incident involving medical equipment and the recommendations that should improve safety and learning. Methods Structured interviews were conducted withten healthpersonnel inone primary care trust. Interviews were analysed using the protocol developed by the Clinical Risk Unit and the Association of Litigation and Risk Management, which isbased on Reason' s framework. Results The investigation revealed a number of organisational factors which went unnoticed until the incident occurred. Work environment factors wereidentie edbothatthespecie candgenerallevel.


The invention relates to the communication field, and particularly relates to an LTE (long term evolution) system, and more particularly to a selecting method, a device and a system for rebuilding cells in the LTE system. The method comprises the following steps: a network side determines a neighboring cell of the serving cell where UE (user equipment) is positioned, and whether the neighboring cell and the serving cell belong to the cell under the same eNode B; and the network side transmits the corresponding identification information representing that whether the neighboring cell and the serving cell belong to the cell under the same eNode B to the UE. According to the method provided by the invention, the identification of the relation between the neighboring cell and the serving cell is added in the system message content for identifying whether the neighboring cell and the serving cell belong to the same eNode B, so that the problem that the rebuilding success rate is low in the cell rebuilding process is solved.


ABSTRACT While recent work has attempted to update the research agenda for transatiantic defense burden-sharing, there remain significant gaps between the public choice defense economics literature and the security studies literature. The presence of such a gap is unfortunate, because defense spending choices are likely shaped by factors identified by the public choice literature, as well as the strategic and cultural variables that the security studies literature tends to focus on, as well as domestic macroeconomic factors. The independent variables identified in recent qualitative literature are extremely useful analytically, and, fortunately, they have reasonable proxies in available quantitative data, which enables scholars to study them across large groups of countries and many years. This article builds upon such work to synthesize the most notable of the factors identified in the current literature, and offers some common analytical ground that will benefit both scholars and practitioners..


Significance The enediyne natural products consist of a 1,5-diyne-3-ene motif within a 9- or 10-membered enediyne core. The latter includes a subclass containing an anthraquinone moiety fused to the enediyne core. Although the biosynthesis of the enediyne core and the anthraquinone moiety is known to be initiated by a polyketide synthase (PKSE), the identity of the PKSE product that is transformed to the enediyne core or the anthraquinone moiety remains speculative. A synthetic biology-chemical complementation platform was used to demonstrate that a completely deoxygenated C15 linear polyene is the nascent biosynthetic intermediate, one molecule of which is converted to the enediyne core while a second molecule is converted to the anthraquinone moiety, establishing an unusual biosynthetic logic for bacterial aromatic polyketides.


Anthropogenic impact on lithodynamics of the coastal zone changes the natural dynamics of bottom sediments, which leads to increased abrasion and swelling of beaches, activation of landslide processes creating a threat of destruction of the coastal infrastructure. The article aims at providing an overview of the scientific literature on the anthropogenic impact on lithodynamics of the coastal zone of the southern and western coasts of the Black Sea (shores of Romania, Bulgaria and Turkey). The work shows that with all the differences in the natural conditions of the coastal zones of these countries the types of anthropogenic effects they undergo are almost the same. These include: hydrotechnical construction without regard to the impact on the neighbouring coast sections; reduction of solid river flow due to river regulation by reservoirs; construction of capital facilities directly on the beaches; illegal extraction of sand from beaches and river beds; dredging with sale of the extracted material to construction companies; covering of cliffs by various structures; destruction of coastal dunes, etc. The main negative consequences of these actions are reflected in disruption of natural dynamics and shortages of bottom sediments, changes in the coastline, reduced aesthetic attractiveness and accessibility of shores, destruction of coastal ecosystems. The article also provides information on the legislation of these countries regarding environmental management in the coastal zone


We investigate topological Hall effects in a metallic antiferromagnetic (AFM) thin film and/or at the interface of an AFM insulator-normal metal bilayer with a single skyrmion in the diffusive regime. To determine the spin and charge Hall currents, we employed a Boltzmann kinetic equation with both spin-dependent and spin-flip scatterings. The interaction between conduction electrons and static skyrmions is included in the Boltzmann equation via the corresponding emergent magnetic field arising from the skyrmion texture. We compute intrinsic and extrinsic contributions to the topological spin Hall effect and spin accumulation, induced by an AFM skyrmion. We show that although the spin Hall current vanishes rapidly outside the skyrmion, the spin accumulation can be finite at the edges far from the skyrmion, provided the spin diffusion length is longer than the skyrmion radius. In addition, We show that in the presence of a spin-dependent relaxation time, the topological charge Hall effect is finite and we determine the corresponding Hall voltage. Our results may help to explore antiferromagnetic skyrmions by electrical means in real materials.


Accepted: 24.07.2016 Objective. This study determined the factors affecting the academic success of students receiving distance education and examines the relationships between these factors. As a result of the factor analysis, the relationships between the variables of motivation, personal development and basic computer usage that were separated into groups were tested using the structural equation modeling. Methods. A 5 point likert scale that was prepared according to expert opinion was applied to the sample group consisting of students receiving associate degree education at Kirikkale University Distance Education Center (KUZEM). The study hypothesis presented a relationship between the variables of motivation, personal development and basic computer usage that were asserted to have an effect upon the student success. The hypothesis test was performed using the structural equation modeling. Findings. This part involves the results of the structural equation modeling that tested the reliability analysis, factor analysis and the study hypothesis. Results. (1) Variables in the variable group involving questions aimed at students in the process of education like "have you received distance education?", "are efficient materials being used" and "what is your level of using the presentation program", (2) Among the variable groups whose effects upon the student success were examined, there is a two-sided and significant relationship between the motivation and the personal development level, (3) There is no significant relationship between the basic computer usage and the personal development.


The contradiction between land resources and human is becoming increasingly serious with the social and economic development,it also has become the constraints to the further development of urban economy.Quanzhou is on the way of quick economic and social development,facing a serious shortage of landresources at the same time.The indicator of land carrying capacityis highly needed to be known and to guide the urban development.This paper focuses on classifying the ecological land and urban construction land based on the ecological protection,and calculating the scale of land use from the perspective of ecological sensitivity,finally,calculating the land carrying capacity respectively in accordance with the international anddomestic indicators.


Lignin is an abundant and environmentally friendly biopolymer that contains a large number of phenolic hydroxyl functional group. In this paper, alkaline lignin was modified using different acidic DES (choline chloride/p-toluenesulfonic acid and choline chloride/lactic acid) at 130 ℃ (TC-lignin and LC-lignin) and the conformational relationship between the modified products and the antioxidant activity was investigated. Lignin was characterized by 31P NMR, gel permeation chromatography (GPC) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and its antioxidant activity was evaluated. The results showed that the alkaline lignin products modified by acidic DES formed relatively homogenous dispersions and were characterized by a relatively low molecular weight and a high content of phenolic hydroxyl groups (e.g., TC-lignin, aliphatic-OH: 3.52 mmol/g, G-OH: 4.18 mmol/g, Mw: 3726, Mn: 2053, PDI: 1.81). The antioxidant activity (free radical scavenging rate, 90.35%) of TC-lignin was somewhat higher than that of LC-lignin (free radical scavenging rate, 89.12%) and both were higher than that of the commercially available antioxidant BHT (free radical scavenging rate, 88.79%). More specifically, we discussed the possible mechanisms of antioxidant reactions of lignin model substances in DPPH solutions. In addition, LC-lignin has an excellent UV-blocking capacity due to the specific phenolic hydroxyl and phenyl propane structure. A simple method is proposed for the modification of industrial lignin to make it suitable for use as an antioxidant and UV-resistant product.


Breakage cause of ripple tube compensator installed in the 1880 m3 blast furnace gas system of Laiwu Iron Steel Group Co.,Ltd.was analyzed.The cause was that stress corrosion cracked in mixed acids environment.Corresponding measures were raised,which achieved better effects.


In this study a number of sensitivity experiments have been conducted with different types of orography in the ECMWF spectral General Circulation Model (GCM). The basic aim is to simulate the large scale features of the Indian summer monsoon and the movement of cyclones. Different types of digital filters have been used to represent the orography as close to the observed values as possible. A comparative study shows that the Lanczos filter gives the best results. Thus, the Lanczos filter has been used in subsequent sensitivity experiments. One cyclone over the Bay of Bengal during pre-monsoon month of May, and another during the must active month of August have been selected for numerical experiments.
The large scale features of the monsoonal rainfall were found to be close to those observed, when  standard deviation envelope orography was used. After 3 days of model integration, the rainfall distribution improved compared to the initial stages of integration. Although the predicted cyclone followed the observed track, the rate of movement was very sluggish. There was slight deepening of the systems with an increase of orography The movement of the systems was also found to be slightly faster with the enhancement of orography.


The article thinks the key of rural population in china is the failure to control quantity and the slowness in improving quality, the article analyses its reasons and proposes corresponding countermeasures.


This paper provides new evidence that the standard sequential trade model of Easley, O'Hara, Kiefer and Paperman (1996) (EKOP) lacks to fit empirical data. Specifically, the counts of buys and sells exhibit overdispersion, are serially correlated and cross-correlated. Hence, making use of independent Poisson distributions to model the trade data does not seem to be appropriate. Instead, we propose to use mixed Poisson distributions, specifically the bivariate negative binomial, in order to capture the stylized facts of the data. We show in a simulation study that estimating the probability of informed trading with the standard Poisson model when the true data generating process comes from a more flexible distribution yields misleading results. An empirical study for DAX30 stocks traded on the Xetra platform, confirms the simulation results.


ABSTRACT:A comparative analysis in urban Phoenix, Arizona, was made between a middle class host neighborhood surrounding a private mental hospital and a similar neighborhood not hosting such a facility. Attitudes toward nine other urban facilities generally located in or near neighborhoods were assessed. The host neighborhood with a mental hospital demonstrated greater tolerance for such a facility, but within the host neighborhood, there was greater rejection of the facility the closer the housing to the facility. The increased resistance appeared to center on practical problems such as traffic congestion and noise levels rather than on stigmatized views of patients. The findings lead to a number of policy implications relating to the successful siting of generally stigmatized urban facilities.


In the middle of year 2006, the Cotococha Amazon Lodge, located in the province of the
Napo, joined the initiative of diverse tourist operators to carry out sustainable tourism in
the country. It is then when, thanks to the aid of Rainforest Alliace, they began to work in
conservation, cultural identity and the improvement of their services. For this aim, they
began to work in projects of water treatment, policies of water handling and garbage
treatment. This last topic was the subject of this project. It is based on the identification of
the related problems, the analysis of the present situation of treatment of solid wastes,
including their amount and the products that are acquired by the Lodge.


During the last 4 years, there has been growing momentum to implement change in the maternity services and to deliver quality health care according to the needs of the consumer. The Winterton Report (House of Commons Health Committee, 1992) paved the way for the Expert Maternity Group (Department of Health, 1993) to promote the ideal of a high-standard, woman-centred maternity service. The report, Changing Childbirth, established the following principles: for users of the maternity services to be actively involved in planning and evaluating services; for purchasers to be reviewing provision; for midwives to be raising their professional profiles, using their skills and knowledge to the full potential (Holt, 1994); and for choice, continuity and control to be maintained as the factors steering care.


For more than 4 decades, scientists from around the world have converged on AGU's Fall Meeting to hear about the latest discoveries in Earth and space science, develop new collaborations and partnerships, and be a part of a passionate, innovative, and welcoming community of scientists dedicated to our mission of "Earth and space science for the benefit of humanity." The 2013 Fall Meeting was no different, and with more than 22,000 attendees joining us in San Francisco from 9 to 13 December, it was our biggest meeting ever!


Although the association between women, funerary ritual and 'magic' in a burial context may initially seem atypical, it should be acknowledged that women have been related to birth and death throughout history. Due to their biological role in giving birth to a new human life, they may also 'be expected to play a symmetrical role at the end of life'. Different practices related to funerary ritual and the commemoration of the dead, to the use and deposition of ritual artefacts and accompanying materials, are altogether aspects connected to a large extent with women and the domestic sphere. It has to be noted, however, that notions such as 'religion', 'funerary cult' and 'magic' are not always clear-cut, especially throughout Late Antiquity – Early Byzantine era (late 4th–early 8th centuries AD), when religious syncretism, or the accommodation of polytheistic traditions in Christian ideology, was common sense and a subconscious aspect of everyday life.


Abstract Te aim of this study was the evaluation of some specific bioanalytical approaches for determination of metabolites pharmacokinetics in bioequivalence studies. Particularly it is considered the possibility of evaluation of bioequivalence in case of lack of standards for metabolites. Liquid-liquid extraction of plasma samples followed by reversed-phase mechanism separation and flourescence detection was chosen for the determination of tramadol and active metabolite Oits -desmethyl-tramadol in plasma samples. The internal standard was propranolol. HPLC method used a Kromasil 1005 C18 column, with a -gradient elution with a flow rate of 1 mL/min, at 30°C column temperature. 24 healthy volunteers were enrolled into a single-dose (100 mg), two-way, cross-over bioequivalence study. Method 1 considered only metabolite's peak area in pharmacokinetic evaluation of the products. Method 2 used the ratio between the metabolite's peak area and internal standard's peak area in pharmacokinetic evaluation. The third method was the usual method used in evaluation of pharmacokinetics based on concentrations. The results of –the three methods for evaluating pharmacokinetics and bioequivalence were compared. For both alternative methods the estimations concerning 90% confidence intervals for ratios of pharmacokinetic parameters defining bioequivalence were quite similar to the standard method. The proposed alternative screening methods, more rapid and simple, can give useful information about bioequivalence, variability in pharmacokinetics associated with formulation and help fenotyping of subjects or identifying outliers.


In this paper, we calculate the scalar a 0(980)-meson leading-twist wave function by using the light-cone harmonic oscillator model (LCHO), where the model parameters are determined by fitting the ξ-moments 〈ξa0n〉ζ of its light-cone distribution amplitudes. Then, the a 0(980)-meson leading-twist light-cone distribution amplitudes with three different scales ζ = (1.0, 2.0, 5.2)GeV are given. After constructing the relationship between the a 0(980)-meson leading-twist parton distribution functions/valence quark distribution function and its LCHO wave function, we exhibit the qa0(x,ζ) and xqa0(x,ζ) with different scales. Furthermore, we also calculate the Mellin moments of the a 0(980)-meson's valence quark distribution function 〈xnqa0〉ζ with n = (1, 2, 3), i.e. 〈xqa0〉ζ5=0.027 , 〈x2qa0〉ζ5=0.018 and 〈x3qa0〉ζ5=0.013 . Finally, the scale evolution for the ratio of the Mellin moments xa0n(ζ,ζk) are presented.


Routledge, UK 171 pages Hardcover, ISBN 978-0-415-39697-4 ($56.91) Paperback, ISBN 978-0-415-39698-1 ($33.50) Journal of Child and Adolescent Mental Health 2008, 20(1): 61–62


The potential for small-scale hydropower plants in Indonesia has the opportunity to be developed. One of these potentials is the water channel that passes through the piping system. The dynamic bulb often used at small-scale hydropower plants propeler turbines in horizontal flow water piping systems, while static bulb use has not been studied further. Moreover, one of the geometries that affect the performance of propeller turbines is the number of blades. This study aims to determine the characteristics of propeller turbines that give a static bulb, the number of blades was variated between 3 to 7. SolidWorks 2016 flow simulation software is used as numerical simulation method. The results of this study indicate that the use of bulb static produced higher torque than dynamic bulbs while the optimal torque value is achieved in the number of blades 6.


Perhaps the 5-6 miles I ran after 6 months off was a bit ambitious, can hardly walk due to doms.

Need a massage.

Ladies,


Egyptologists have recently begun thorough discussions of the overt racism of early Egyptology.1 Challis' work is an important contribution to a growing discussion. This book, made up of ten chapters and foreword by Kathleen L. Sheppard, discusses the personal and academic relationship between eugenicist Francis Galton and Egyptologist William Flinders Petrie with an emphasis on the eugenic-thinking in Petrie's intellectual and personal life. In addition, Challis places Petrie's thought within the context of the late nineteenth and early twentieth century racial thinking. The historical context shows how Petrie's eugenic-thinking was both in line and, in some cases, at odds with the overt racist academic views of his time. Challis shows that Petrie's racist theories played a major role in the linking of anthropology, archaeology and, most notably, Egyptology through his archaeological interpretations. This book succeeds in demonstrating Petrie's racism, but the deeper issues surrounding race and Kemet (ancient Egypt) in the works of Petrie and his contemporaries, which still impact Egyptology today,2 are not adequately addressed. The initial problem is that Challis misinterprets race. Challis correctly acknowledges that race is a social construct, but makes race and racism contingent on biology. Challis defines racist as:


Multidrug resistance is considered to be the main obstacle to the effective chemotherapeutic treatment, and has been investigated for years. The sphingolipid ceramide has now become a subject of considerable interest as an intracellular signaling molecule involved in the mediation of apoptosis. In addition to its role as a mediator of cell death, recent studies demonstrated that glucosylceramide synthase (GCS) can catalyze the glycosylation of ceramide, thereby converting it to non-cytotoxic glucosylceramide (GlcCer) and promoting the synthesis of sphingolipid. Elevated levels of GlcCer have been found to be related to the phenotypes of a number of multidrug-resistant human cancer cell lines.


Social needs may affect cancer survivors' health‐related quality of life (HRQOL) above and beyond sociodemographic and cancer‐related factors. The purpose of this study was to estimate associations between social needs and HRQOL.


The travel choices of citizens can be based on distance, time, exposure, emissions, etc., but the current route planning systems are based only on distance and time (i.e., shortest and fastest). This study develops a route planning framework by integrating the real-time congestion pattern and air pollution levels in the GraphHopper multi-modal routing engine. This routing engine incorporates the data for Delhi, India. However, it is transferable to any other city in the world. The route planning algorithms provide alternatives for the fastest, shortest, LEAP (least exposure to air pollution), and the balanced route, considering four travel modes: car, motorbike, bicycle, and foot (pedestrian). GraphHopper libraries involve custom weightings for each of the constraints for route choices, and these weightings are modified to find the optimal route as per users' requirements. The air quality index and real-time traffic congestion factors are used to determine balanced routes. The interface of the routing engine is user-friendly and intuitive. Using the routing engine can help people reduce their exposure to air pollution by making appropriate travel choices. The results show that the balanced routes have higher travel times than the fastest and higher exposure than LEAP routes.


This paper deals with the languages used in the rituals practised in Chhintang and Chhulung speech communities. Kirati people have their own culture guided by the mundum. There are four ethnic groups with more than 26 different languages. They have their own separate ritual practices and ritual language. Chhintang and Chhulung have a distinct type of ritual language which is spoken to perform any kind of ritual performances. It has a lot of archaic types of nouns which would be interesting for morpho-semantic analysis. Specially, binomials are unique properties of the ritual language and too complex structurally.


Biosensing systems, such as enzyme, immunosensors, and DNA microarrays, are widely used in the field of medical care and medicine manufacturing [Spochiger-Kuller, 1998]. Recent developments in these devices require a high performance integrated micro-multibiosensing system, which can be employed for the recognition of an individual biomolecule and the analysis of bioreactions at the single molecular level. Constructing a highly sensitive biosensing system, precise fabrication of the electrode parts for molecular recognition is of significant importance. In these context, organic monolayers have self-assemble ability onto surfaces [Ulman, 1991]. Monolayer-modified electrode is suitable as the template for ordered immobilization of biomolecules. On the other hand, it is preferable that the detection system can detect the signal immediately, with a high sensitivity. Formation of covalently-bound organic monolayers has been particularly developed in the last two decades. The main benefit of organic monolayers is to add functionality to inorganic surface via the adaptable tailoring of surface properties. These monolayers keep the bulk features of the material (electrical, optical, magnetic, mechanical and structural), while their surface properties (wetting, passivation, bioresistance, biochemical affinity, etc...) can be tuned through a nanometer-sized grafting. This chapter provides substantial information on modification of silicon and silicon-related surfaces by organic monolayers to get the reader acquainted with the different techniques employed in tailoring the surface properties towards biosensing capability.


���������� "Czernovitz expelled its Jews, and so did Vienna, Prague, Budapest, and Lemberg. Now these cities live without Jews, and their few descendants, scattered through the world, carry memory like a wonderful gift and a relentless curse. For me, too, the childhood home is that 'black milk'—to use the expression of Paul Celan— which nourishes me morning and evening while at the same time it drugs me." —Aharon Appelfeld, "Buried Homeland" "In der Luft da bleibt deine Wurzel, da in der Luft" ("In the air your root remains, there in the air.") —Paul Celan, "The No-One's Rose" We dedicate this paper to the memory of Rosa Roth Zuckermann, whose lessons about courage and survival have deeply enriched our lives. Her hospitality, along with that of Felix and Marina Zuckermann and Matthias Zwilling, during our 1998 visit to Chernivtsi embodied its continuity with the lost Czernowitz. We would also like to thank Lotte, Carl, and Lilly Hirsch for their helpful and intense conversations about a painful past.


The studies I shall describe here are based on a consideration of the electrical events in the heart as arising from a dipole source, and on the opinion that i t is probably advantageous to record these events as vector quantities. The display of these events as Lissajous figures has a serious disadvantage in that temporal relations are difficult to represent. Several other methods of display are possible, but the most straightforward technique appears to be one employing spherical coordinates. With this system a vector is described in terms of its magnitude and two angles, and these quantities can be displayed simultaneously as functions of time. A computer that will permit direct registration of such traces has been constructed, but records obtained by this means have not yet been analyzed. Preliminary analyses of similar traces obtained indirectly from measurements of scalar ECG leads have been made. The ECG leads were recorded with two systems of electrode placement on each subject. One of these was the equilateral tetrahedron system, and the other was based on the recommendations of McFee and John~tonl-~ regarding electrode placement (FIGURE 1). XI Y , and 2 components were recorded simultaneously, and measurements of the magnitude of these components were made using a magnifying film reader that permitted measurements a t intervals down to 0.003 sec. The spatial magnitude, the frontal-plane angle through a range of 360", and the angle about an anteroposterior axis on a scale of -90' to +No were calculated, and these quantities were plotted as functions of time. Thirtynine normal subjects and 18 subjects with a variety of ECG abnormalities were studied. Analysis of these records has yielded the following results: (1) The information known to be clinically important in the conventional ECG is present in the new display in easily recognizable form. (2) There appears to be intrinsic merit in the presentation of VCG data on a linear time scale. Variations of spatial magnitude indicated by notching of the QIiS portions of these curves were not easily apparent in the scalar ECGs or in Lissajous figure displays of the VCG. The possibility that this type of information might have clinical significance was indicated by the fact that there were larger notches in the curves of some subjects with myocardial infarction than there were in normal records. This finding was present only in records obtained with the electrode system advised by McFee and Johnston. (3) Several measurements and methods of analysis that have limited meaning when applied to scalar ECGs and that are difficult to apply to Lissajous figure VCGs are appropriate to curves of the type described. In the small group of magnitude curves studied to date there are statistically significant differences in the QRS width, kurtosis, and skewness of normal records and in those from subjects with myocardial infarction with both systems of electrode placement used. With the McFeeJohnston electrode system there is


Gliomas are one of the most common brain tumors occurring in children and adults. Gliomas are primary, diffusely infiltrating brain tumors. There are few effective therapies for these type of cancer, and patients with malignant glioma fare poorly, even after aggressive surgery, chemo- and radiotherapy.


A two-dimensional elliptic grid solver is presented and its application to various three-dimensional configurations, both internal and external, is demonstrated. The method uses proper forcing terms to cluster grid points near boundaries with a specified grid spacing and allows grid lines to intersect the boundaries at a specified angle. By segmenting the region, grid results are generated for sharp leading edged configurations and wing-vertical tail combinations.


Steel Fiber-Reinforced Concrete (SFRC) is an advanced material studied and used in some developed countries in the world in recent years. The characteristics of this concrete are intensive compression, high tensile and tolerance strength, higher repeated loads, and long-term durable stability. Steel fibers were used to manufacture SFRC because of their outstanding characteristics. The durability of SFRC should be improved and the disadvantages of traditional concrete should be reduced. To produce inserts in the support structure, SFRC must be applied. Because 60÷70% of tunnels are being constructed for underground coal mines of Vietnam National Coal and Mineral Group (TKV) currently use. SPV steel frame support in combination with reinforced concrete inserts steel. To increase the plaque's capacity and durability in the future, a study must be done to create new, very intense concrete materials. This study investigated how the ratio and compressive strength of steel fibers affected the flexural characteristics of SRFC. To achieve this, 30 MPa strength SFRC with 0.5%, 1.0%, and 1.5% fiber fractions were made and evaluated. This study's experimental results can be summarized as follows: according to the compression experimental results, the compressive strength and elastic modulus of SFRC were not considerably impacted by the steel fiber volume ratio; The experimental results from the bending tests show that for concrete with a strength of 30 MPa, the proportion of steel fibers of 1.0% has higher flexural strength and toughness than the proportion of steel fibers of 0.5% and 1.5%; A comparison of the test at 28 days of age with the (ACI 211.1-91, 1991) was completely satisfied.

http://jmes.humg.edu.vn/images/paper/2022/63_3a/13. Nguyen Duyen Phong 112-117.pdf


Context: Estimation of lipid profile requires fasting blood sample which needs a higher level of motivation. We were looking for simpler noninvasive tests or measurements that can be applied to larger population to predict lipid profile abnormality and at-risk population for future cardiovascular events. Aims: The aim was to measure anthropometric indices in relation to lipid profile and modifiable risk factors such as smoking and alcohol in a healthy young adult local population, and to assess the risk for future cardiovascular complications. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted on 500 young individuals (aged 18-30 years) across different sections of society in the local population. The lipid profile (total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein, low density lipoprotein, very low density lipoprotein and triglycerides) along with anthropometric indices like body mass index, waist circumference, and waist hip ratio was measured. Information on alcohol intake, smoking, and dietary habits was obtained through a prevalidated questionnaire. Data entry and all statistical analysis were done using statistical software Microsoft excel and Epi-info version 3.5.1. Results: BMI showed a significant correlation with total cholesterol ( P = 0.0116), triglycerides ( P = 0.0199), LDL cholesterol ( P = 0.0284), and VLDL cholesterol ( P = 0.0199). Smokers and alcoholics showed a significant increase in total cholesterol ( P = 0.0062, P = 0.0009), triglycerides ( P = 0.0437, P = 0.0317), LDL cholesterol ( P = 0.0356, P = 0.0023), and VLDL cholesterol ( P = 0.0437, P = 0.0317) respectively. Alcoholics showed a significant increase in waist hip ratio ( P = 0.0082) when compared to the nonalcoholics. Conclusions: In agreement with other study our study reiterates the use of noninvasive anthropometric parameters as a screening tool for lipid profile abnormalities.


Geopolymer concrete (GPC) has been developed as an alternative material to conventional Portland cement concrete. This was developed to reduce the emission of carbon dioxide. So far, materials such as fly ash, blast furnace slag and metakaolin have been used as geopolymer solids to produce the GPC. Aim of this research is to study the suitability of Incinerated Sewage Sludge Ash (ISSA) to be used as geopolymer solid. Mix design for GPC was carried out using the G-graphs which were developed for fly ash based-geopolymer concrete. Initially GPC test cubes were cast using fly ash and ISSA alone. Thereafter fly ash was replaced by ISSA in certain percentages (5, 10, 15 and 20) to make geopolymer concrete. XRF and heavy metal analysis tests were carried out for raw Sewage Sludge (SS) as well as ISSA. Compressive strength of GPC was also observed in acidic environment. XRF test revealed that SiO2 and Al2O3 are mostly present in all samples tested. Heavy metal analysis for Hanthana sample showed that Zn is the most prominent heavy metal exists in both SS sample as well as ISSA sample. The compressive strength developed was not significant when using ISSA alone to make GPC. When fly ash was partially replaced by ISSA, the strength of GPC showed decreasing pattern as the ISSA percentage was increased. Similar strength results were observed in acidic environment too.According to the Concrete Society Board recommendations, all GPC specimens with different fly ash replacements, can be considered as average in absorption rating as well as concrete quality.Therefore ISSA could be used as a partial replacement for fly ash, for specific applications which would require less strength characteristics.


Our recently reported AquaSolvOmni (AqSO) process shows great potential as a parameter-controlled biorefinery, which allows to tune the structure and properties of the products towards their optimal use in high-value applications. Herein, we report a comprehensive NMR (quantitative 13C, 31P, and 2D HSQC) structural characterization of AqSO lignins. The effect of the process severity (P-factor) and liquid-to-solid ratio (L/S) on the structure of the extracted lignins has been investigated and discussed. Low severities (P-factor in the range 400-600) and L/S = 1 led to the isolation of less degraded lignin with a higher β-O-4 content up to 34/100 Ar. Harsher processing conditions (P-factor = 1000-2500) yielded more condensed lignins with a high degree of condensation up to 66 at P-factor = 2000. New types of lignin moieties, such as alkyl-aryl and alkyl-alkyl chemical bonds together with novel furan oxygenated structures have been identified and quantified for the first time. In addition, the formation of LCCs bonds have been hypothesized at low severity and L/S. Based on the obtained data we were able to formulate a possible outlook of the occurring reactions during the hydrothermal treatment. Overall, such detailed structural information bridges the gap from process engineering to sustainable product development.


When a thermoplastic resin is molded in an injection molding machine, the molten resin is packed into a mold under high pressure, so the resin shrinks during cooling down to room temperature in the mold. In general, the pressure in the mold decreases along the flow direction during the hold pressure, thus the pressure does not become uniform in the cavity up to the solid state. Therefore, the molded shape is almost never equal to the cavity shape. In this study, one part of the mold has been made up of a flexible wall in order to produce very accurately moldings. When a part of the filled molten resin has been solidified in the cavity, the gate has been shut and the flexible wall has been deformed by controlling oil pressure. Consequently, it is clarified that uniform thickness moldings can be obtained by using this flexible mold.


In reliable protocols such as TCP and HDLC,a timer is required to timing for data package overtime retransmission.As multiple packages can be transmitted within the transmit window,multiple standalone timers are required.During protocol realization,it is restricted and resource wasting that asking the operating system or hardware to provide multiple timers directly.This paper introduces a method for realize multiple timers by using a single timer.It is based on the ARQ protocol model of data link layer,and can be used after modification in some protocols.


In the civil administration, the place under the administration of the district governor is called a kaza(district). Islahiye District was established in 1865 on historical routes that connected countries in ancient times. This new district emerged as a result of the resettlement activities of the Fırka-i Islahiye. While it was affiliated to the Maraş Sanjak since its establishment, it was included in the borders of the newly established Cebel-i Bereket Sanjak in 1879. This change in administrative structure is due to security concerns. The district used to have two districts and two sub-districts. In 1868, the number of neighborhoods increased to three and the number of sub-districts to six. Its neighborhoods are Delikanlu, Çelikanlı and Çerkes. Its districts are Okçu İzzeddinlü, Şıhlar, Keferdiz, Karayiğitli, Delikanlu and Çelikhanlı. The village names of İslahiye District can also be determined from the yearbooks. Over time, the number of villages increased from 60 to 68. The names of state institutions and employees in İslahiye are also included in the provincial yearbooks.
The mountainous parts of İslahiye are covered with forests and the flat areas are a wide plain. There was a river called Karasu in the district, a leech lake in Keller (Fevzipaşa), and a hot spring in the Karayiğitli township. Barracks, mosques, schools, shops, mills, bakeries and coffeehouses were built in the newly created district. In the mentioned settlement, the Muslim population is around 97% and the rate of non-Muslims is less than 3%. Although the tribes of Fırka-i Islahiye were settled, it is understood that the tribes of Delikanlu and Çelikanlı in İslahiye had difficulties in adopting a settled life. The state tried to tie them to the land with permanent residences. There were shrines of Muslim people in the town. Especially the tomb of Hz Ukkaşe, who is a companion, is important. Carpets, rugs, prayer rugs, sackcloth, timber, oil and tar produced in Islahiye District were sold to the surrounding cities. The tribes kept a large number of cattle. Various cereals were grown in Islahiye, which has a fertile plain. However, agricultural production could not be reached to the desired point. Rice, wheat, barley etc. products could only meet local needs. The leech extracted from the small lake in Keller was sold in the surrounding cities.


Method and system for identifying a defect or contamination on the surface of the material. The method and system, specific providing a material such as a semiconductor wafer, and the use of the non-vibrating contact potential difference sensor to scan the wafer, generating a contact potential difference data, a pattern indicating a characteristic of the defect or contamination and processing the data to.


The experiment was conducted on seven and eight years old aonla (Emblica officinalis Gaertn) tree of NA-7 to study the influence of various levels of organic (FYM and biofertilizers) and inorganic (NPK) sources of nutrients on morphometrix, productivity and quality attributes of aonla and soil quality during 2009-10 and 2010-11 under hot semi-arid ecosystem. Significant improvement was recorded in soil quality by application of different combinations of NPK, FYM and biofertilizers. The vegetative growth, yield and quality of aonla were influenced significantly by different sources of nutrients. The maximum vegetative growth was recorded in the plants which were applied with standard doses of NPK which was followed by farmyard manure plus 50% of the standard dose of NPK. The maximum mean yield per plant (48.45 kg) was recorded in the plants treated with standard doses of NPK followed by FYM + 50% of standard dose of NPK (45.27 kg). TSS, total sugar, vitamin C and total phenols were influenced considerably by the application of different organic sources of nutrients being highest in T5 (FYM + Azotobactor + VAM) treatment. The soil properties in terms of pH and EC declined whereas hydraulic conductivity, organic carbon increased from their initial values with the application of various organic sources of nutrient in different combinations, while pH, EC, hydraulic conductivity, bulk density and organic carbon of the basin soil treated with standard dose of NPK were not improved considerably.


The research aims to know the effectiveness of the e-module of surrounding nature exploration in the student's creative thinking skills and environmental literacy. E-module development follows the ADDIE model. This development research used the one-group pretest-posttest design in the students of X IPA, SMAN 01 Singosari. Data analysis using the N-Gain score. Data collection using creative thinking tests (essay) and validated environmental literacy poll. The results showed that student's creative thinking skills are 0,55 (medium category), while the students' environmental literacy is 0,45 (medium category). So, the e-module of surrounding nature exploration about Plantae effectively improves the creative thinking skills and environmental literacy of the students. Biology teachers are advised using the e-module of surrounding nature exploration to improve the student's creative thinking skills and environmental literacy on Biology learning activities.


Yerba-mate (Ilex paraguariensis St. Hil) is a native South American species. Plant progenies are populations that differ in terms of their productivity, morphology and phytochemical profile. This study aimed to determine the concentration of primary and secondary metabolites, such as antioxidants, in leaves, of yerba-mate progenies selected based on morphological characteristics. We evaluated the centesimal composition of secondary metabolites in the leaves of five yerba-mate plants. Methylxanthines and phenolic compounds were determined by UPLC-PDA, and antioxidant activity by measuring DPPH scavenging. Significant differences were found in centesimal composition and the contents of caffeine, theobromine, rutin and chlorogenic acid, as well as antioxidant activities, in selected progenies. The IC50 values were correlated with the chlorogenic acid levels ( r2 = 0.5242) and soluble content ( r2 = 0.7686). The morphological characteristics observed in yerba-mate leaves can be used as a tool for plant selection, to obtain matrices with different phytochemical profiles as a genetic material source.


ABSTRACT Entrepreneurship support programmes are a major component of the entrepreneurship ecosystem. Through these programmes, stakeholders, often government-affiliated, aim to facilitate and enhance productive entrepreneurship practices within start-ups. However, the effectiveness of these support programmes is often considered in isolation from other entrepreneurship ecosystem domains, ignoring how the programmes impact the dynamics of the entrepreneurship ecosystem as a whole. This paper investigates how the structure and implementation of entrepreneurship support programmes in Ethiopia influence the entrepreneurial behaviours of firms within the ecosystem, thus extending previous research that has questioned the effectiveness of entrepreneurship support programmes in producing productive entrepreneurial ecosystems. Through a qualitative research methodology, consisting of 36 in-depth, semi-structured interviews with firm founders in the manufacturing sector in Ethiopia, we show that entrepreneurship support programmes that do not prioritize innovative and competitive firms when distributing resources, can dissuade firms from being entrepreneurial and pushing forward in the market. In the absence of competition-based resource distribution, firms focus on their survival rather than taking risks to expand their operations and this may impede the effort to create successful entrepreneurial ecosystems. Based on our findings, we offer a more pragmatic role for support programmes in creating entrepreneurial ecosystems within developing economies.


Analysis of asymmetric line shapes of the synchrotron-generated x rays diffracted at 12 K from ca. 85% deuterated single-crystal copper ammonium Tutton salt, (ND 4 ) 2 Cu(OD 2 ) 6 (SO 4 ) 2 , shows a breakdown in translational order that we interpret as regions of two monoclinic phases segregated on a scale of 100-200 unit cells in fixed relative orientation. The separation and orientation can be understood as the best epitactic fit between crystals differing very slightly in Jahn-Teller distortion at the Cu site. Previous studies have shown two distinct much larger Jahn-Teller distortions at the Cu site to be close in free energy. At 180 K more perfect order is regained, and the process is reversible


The purposes of this study were to: (1) identify how accurately a sample of engaged couples perceived their partners' opinion in relation to various common marital conflict areas, and, (2) to identify the reaction of these couples to revealed potential conflict. Two questionnaires were completed by 20 engaged couples. The first questionnaire was the Schulman Test of Communication. This questionnaire was used to classify the couples according to the accuracy with which the partners perceived each other in relation to specific conflict areas. Six categories were devised to represent different degrees of accuracy of perception and amount of potential conflict. The perceptual categories were idealistic, realistic, and pessimistic. Each of these categories was further subdivided according to the amount of potential conflict, that is, high disagreement or low disagreement. After completing the Schulman questionnaire each couple's respective areas of potential conflict were presented to them. Two weeks later a second questionnaire was administered to the couples. This questionnaire was used to ascertain the amount of potential conflict remaining in the couples' relationships. Five categories were devised to represent the amount of remaining potential conflict. These were: (1) no or almost no remaining potential conflict; (2) slight remaining potential conflict; (3) moderate remaining potential conflict; (4) high remaining potential conflict; and (5) very high remaining potential conflict. According to the couples' responses on the Schulman questionnaire 21 % of the women and 46% of the men were classified as realistic in their perception of their partners. Sixty-three percent of the women and 38% of the men were classified as idealistic, and 17% of both men and women were classified as pessimistic. The results of the second questionnaire were as follows. Seventy-five percent of the couples were in the remaining potential conflict categories of no or almost no, or slight remaining potential conflict. The remaining 25% of the couples were in the moderate remaining potential conflict category. The results of this study suggest that regardless of the initial classification of couples as idealistic, realistic or pessimistic, couples utilized information provided for them about their potential conflicts to resolve these conflicts. STATEMENT OF PERMISSION TO COPY In presenting this thesis in partial -fulfillment of the requirements for an advanced degree at Montana State University, I agree that the Library shall make it freely available for inspection. I further agree that permission for extensive copying of this thesis for scholarly purposes may be granted by my major professor, or, in her absence, by the Director of Libraries. It is understood that any copying or publication of this thesis for financial gain shall not be allowed without my written permission. Signature Date 7 7 . 3 / / y / REACTION TO REVEALED POTENTIAL CONFLICT AMONG ENGAGED COUPLES


The elucidation of the underlying relationship between an organism's genotype and its expressed phenotype is currently one the greatest challenges faced by life sciences and biology in general. In order to achieve that, the better understanding of the inner structure and regulation mechanisms of the protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks is of great importance. The first step towards that goal is the detailed and accurate reconstruction of the PPI network itself. The scientific literature is constantly being updated with new experimental results supporting PPI evidence, which in turn are fed into primary PPI databases (PPIDB) by the use of either curators or text mining algorithms. Currently there is a large number of PPIDB referring to the human PPIs. Since many of them have different goals, literature curation methods, and database administration strategies, it is not surprising that they also exhibit a limited PPI overlap and incompatible terminology for PPI intera\-ctors, i.e. use of arbitrary levels of genetic organization.
A number of meta-databases have been developed in order to achieve integrated overviews of PPI networks while circumventing the problems inherent in the field of primary PPI databases. Unfortunately, meta-databases have a number of issues of their own, such as: a) top-down network definition based on protein interactions instead of interactors, b) protein identifier redundancy in all levels of reference, c) the use of {\it ad hoc} normalization methods, d) infrequent updating and d) insufficient information stored.
The major goal of this thesis is the design and implementation of PICKLE (Protein Interaction Knowledge Base), a meta-database for the human PPI network created specifically to tackle the aforementioned problems. PICKLE's novelty stems from its unique approach to PPI network definition, following a bottom-up reconstruction method based on UniProt's reviewed complete human proteome (RCHP) definition. Five primary PPIDB (DIP, HPRD, IntAct, ΜΙΝΤ and BioGRID) were mined for interactions explicitly constrained by UniProt's proteome definition. Furthermore, in order to tackle the issues of redundancy and inadequate normalization, a specific ontology was designed which allowed linking of the RCHP set with all the other levels of genetic organization while also serving as an agile yet accurate normaliza\-tion mechanism. In order to address the issue of updating, an autonomous means of data collection and integration was developed. PICKLE's maiden release recorded 83720 direct PPIs involving 12418 UniProt IDs (out of 20225) supported by a total of 27590 publications. PICKLE, an evolving valuable bioinformatics for biomedical research and red biotechnology applications tool will soon be updated with a user-friendly interface and upgraded by linking it with network analysis software and various omics datasets.


Toad spinal ganglion cells are individually enclosed in sheaths consisting of one or more attenuated layers of satellite cell cytoplasm surrounded externally by a basement membrane. Narrow (∼150 A) extracellular channels separate these layers from one another and from the underlying neuron. In both in vivo and in vitro experiments it was found that molecules of ferritin, a water-soluble protein, are to some extent able to pass across the basement membrane and through these channels to reach the neuronal plasma membrane. Ferritin particles arriving at the neuronal surface are engulfed by the neuron in 0.1 to 0.2 µ "coated" vesicles. The concentration of ferritin in these vesicles is higher than in the perineuronal space. The ferritin incorporated into the neuron is segregated, apparently intact, in multivesicular bodies. It is inferred that the 150A channels in the satellite cell sheath are patent, aqueous spaces through which molecules with a diameter as large as 95 A are able to pass, and that these neurons are capable of taking up whole protein from their immediate environment by the process of pinocytosis.


Can there be a single industry view about climate change and its challenges and potential opportunities? Perhaps that might develop in the future but, if the views of manufacturers are any guide, many businesses in the irrigation industry are still in the process of examining the science and evaluating potential effects.


Object Constraint Language (OCL) supports UML model navigation, queries, and constraints. OCL has precise unambiguous semantics and supports definition of constraints at the model level. However, OCL is arguably the least adopted UML notation in practice. We argue that while the language constructs, concepts, and semantics are well founded, the language's surface textual notation significantly hampers comprehension. Its navigational features mean that users must track a linear textual syntax against a visual model with a 2-D layout. This paper proposes a novel visual surface notation that maintains its foundational strengths in supporting navigation and querying, and improves on its representation and comprehension. The proposed visual surface notation is superimposed on its UML model context to enable the visualization of one or more constraints along with its related contextual model elements. Improving on constraints readability and comprehension ultimately improves constraints adoption in practice, and it enhances the learning experience in classrooms. The contributions of this paper are a novel constraints surface notation, a supporting meta-model, and an evaluation of the proposed approach using a controlled experimentation.