In Merck KGaA v. Integra Lifesciences, the Supreme Court clarified the uncertain scope of the safe harbor under §271(e)(1), following the Federal Circuit's vacillating pronouncements which suggested that the statutory exemption is limited to generic drug applications and to data from human clinical trials. The Supreme Court rejected the Federal Circuit's narrow interpretation, holding that the exemption includes information reasonably related to the development of information submitted for approval of a new drug, as well as a generic equivalent. The statutory immunity from infringement extends to preclinical studies that are reasonably related to approval of an original Investigational New Drug application (IND), including in vitro and animal studies demonstrating the safety or efficacy of a new drug candidate compound, which are required by the FDA prior to human trials. The Court clearly rejected the view that the exemption is restricted to specific phases of research or information developed for particular FDA submissions, and did not attempt to draw a bright line boundary at which experimentation involving a patented compound becomes exempt. Although the decision broadly states that the safe harbor exemption from infringement "extends to all uses of patented inventions that are reasonably related to the development and submission of any information under the FDCA," its holding is considerably narrower. The Court repeatedly emphasized that the limited question which it considered and resolved was the scope of immunity for the use of a patented compound which is a new drug


Ever since Balk's studies of the 1940s, the idea has been growing End_Page 2209------------------------------ that the salt of a stock moves vertically upward in several unit cylinders called "spines." Observations in the salt mines of the Five Islands trend in south Louisiana confirm this interpretation. In some places the spines are defined by sedimentary gouge (shale, sand, limestone), which becomes included in the salt core and clearly marks the spine boundaries. These boundary shear zones can extend from the edge of the salt to the very center of the stock. Shear zones that have a diameter of 1,000 to 4,000 ft have been observed in four of the five mines. Every gradation exists from relatively simple, thin (15 ft), linear shear zones, to wider (400 ft) ones that have been twisted and sheared into the salt in complicated patterns by later salt movements. The shear zones can be traced upward through the salt to surface irregularities in the salt-stock surface, and into topographic irregularities on the ground surface (generally valleys). Disruptions of the overlying domal sedimentary rocks also can be recognized, and Balk and Muehlberger suggested these as the cause of the irregular salt motion. The present analysis suggests, however, that the salt spines cause the overlying strata disruptions. End_of_Article - Last_Page 2210------------


The spatial heterogeneity of recent decadal dynamics in vegetation greenness and biomass in response to changes in summer warmth index (SWI) was investigated along spatial gradients on the Arctic Slope of Alaska. Image spatial analysis was used to examine the spatial pattern of greenness dynamics from 1991 to 2000 as indicated by variations of the maximum normalized difference vegetation index (Peak NDVI) and time-integrated NDVI (TI-NDVI) along latitudinal gradients. Spatial gradients for both the means and temporal variances of the NDVI indices for 0.11 latitude intervals crossing three bioclimate subzones were analyzed along two north–south Arctic transects. NDVI indices were generally highly variable over the decade, with great heterogeneity across the transects. The greatest variance in TI-NDVI was found in low shrub vegetation to the south (68.7–68.81N) and corresponded to high fractional cover of shrub tundra and moist acidic tundra (MAT), while the greatest variance in Peak-NDVI predominately occurred in areas dominated by wet tundra (WT) and moist nonacidic tundra (MNT). Relatively high NDVI temporal variances were also related to specific transitional areas between dominant vegetation types. The regional temporal variances of NDVI from 1991 to 2000 were largely driven by meso-scale climate dynamics. The spatial heterogeneity of the NDVI variance was mostly explained by the fractional land cover composition, different responses of each vegetation type to climate change, and patterned ground features. Aboveground plant biomass exhibited similar spatial heterogeneity as TI-NDVI; however, spatial patterns are slightly different from NDVI because of their nonlinear relationship.


The nature of housing supply is critical for the functioning of the housing market, macroeconomic forecasting and policy setting. This study addresses a gap in the cross-country comparative literature by providing novel insights into the nature of new housing supply in 14 countries observed quarterly between 1970 and 2015. The applied model is based on an equilibrium relationship between new housing supply and real house prices, and allows the long-run and short-run price sensitivities of supply to differ. New housing supply often tends to be price inelastic. The price sensitivity of new housing supply varies across countries, and tends to be higher in economies where housing suppliers' business conditions are superior, prosperity is higher, access to credit is easier and population density is lower. A correlation analysis shows that policy reform aimed at new housing supply can contribute to efficient housing production, housing affordability and financial stability.


In 2002 we found S. x townsendii, an non native hybrid, at several sites in the Venice lagoon salt marshes. This is the first record for Italy and, most likely, for the whole Mediterranean. The plants, usually living in circular clumps, were observed both in natural than man made salt marsh, at a wide range of elevation above sea level. Concern is expressed about the possible effects of the spreading of the hybrid in the whole lagoon.


This paper considers an array sensing system of odors and adopts a layered neural network for classification. In order to classify odors, we use data from all fourteen sensors even if some of them are not sensitive so much. We will propose three methods to use the data by insensitive sensors to find the features of odors.


Using a sample of U.S. domestic deals from 1990 to 2016, we find that bidders adjust the amount of premium paid in mergers and acquisitions (M&As) based on the levels of earnings management at target firms. However, the way a firm manipulates earnings upward matters: earnings management via real activities manipulation is more detrimental than discretionary accruals. As a result, target firms that engage in real earnings management receive lower premiums in M&As, while accruals management has no effect on premiums. Correspondingly, we find that the targets' M&A announcement-period cumulative abnormal returns are inversely related to their level of real earnings management, while the returns are not related to accruals management. Further analyses confirm that target shareholders' wealth is not only driven by undervaluation, expected synergy, and managerial hubris, but also reflects bidders' perception of the target firms' earnings quality based on real earnings management.


Neonates have a weakened immune system that could be due to low exposure to pathogens resulting in low adaptive immunity and/or purposeful immune suppression to protect the weak neonate from a robust immune response. The purpose of this project is to find preliminary data to further investigate why the immune system of neonates are weaker, and to possibly improve neonatal immunity while protecting against a powerful immune response in the future.  Using processed mice spleen cells that were stained for CD4 and CD8 to be subjected to flow cytometry, an increase in the percent of helper CD4 and killer CD8 T cells were observed as the mice aged. This indicates that neonates do have a weaker immune system. Between healthy mice and mice infected with either Bordetella pertussis or Listeria, a decrease in the percent of CD4 and CD8 T cells were found, which could be because not enough time had passed for an adaptive immune response.


A turbostratic B-C-N compound was prepared using boric acid and melamine as starting materials by a chemical process.Then,this turbostratic B-C-N compound was treated at 5.5GPa and 800-1500℃.The structural and composition analyses for the samples obtained under high temperature and pressure were performed by X-ray diffraction(XRD),transmission electron microscope(TEM) and electronic energy loss spectroscopy(EELS).The results indicated that at 5.5GPa,the turbostratic B-C-N compound gradually transformed into hexagonal structure with the increasing temperature.At 1200℃,the crystalline hexagonal B-C-N compounds were obtained with a little hexagonal BN and amorphous C forming simultaneously.While above 1400℃,B-C-N compounds were completely decomposed into hexagonal BN and graphite.


In the four Dalmatian counties aggregates and natural stone is quarried at 155 sites and 73 abandoned sites. Map correlation and map-integration processes was made using ArcSDM extension tool (Weights of evidence) to define relationships between spatial layers and combine predictor factors in supporting a hypothesis. The response variable is the set of point locations of current aggregate and natural stone quarries (termed training sites), and the predictor variables which are thematic map layers showing transportation network patterns, population density distribution, maps of geological mineral potential, and areas of mineral exploitation restrictions defined by Master plans of the counties and production information. Based on the GIS model, stone aggregate potential is calculated to cover more than 15% Dalmatian land area. The GIS model allows resource management and prioritisation of potential mineral extraction tracts (and sites) in Dalmatia while taking in account both environmental restictions and marketplace needs.


A study of 189 professionals in 1 3 Brazilian financial institutions sought to apply U.S.-derived organization theory and methodology concerning congruence between individual and organizational goals. A substantial lack o f congruence was found, with congruence greater for higher organizational levels. Congruence was positively associated with involvement in work, and negatively associated with propensity to leave the organization. Relationships were stronger for some goals (e.g., self-actualization and status) than others (e.g., competent supervision and working on relevant problems ). Results of the study indicate that questionnaire methodology is suitable for studying professionals in Brazilian organizations, and that goal congruence theory holds in Brazil as it does in the U.S.


Most of the ceramic pigments consists of inorganic compounds, being formed by a host lattice, in which is integrated the pigmenting or chromophore component (usually a transition metal cation or an internal transition cation) and the possible modifier components that stabilize, confer or reaffirm the pigmenting properties (pigmenting power and color hue) [1–3]. Titanium dioxide presents appropriate properties to be used as ceramic pigment and besides this is the main industrially used white pigment. Several works have been undertaken demonstrating that the combination of titanium oxide with spinel-forming-transition metals can lead to obtain chemically and thermally stable pigments, whose colors vary depending on the transition metal used [4]. According to Eppler [2, 3] and Burgyan [4], titanium oxide can be combined with zinc oxide, forming a white color spinel. Spinels are complex oxides, displaying a regular structure, in which the oxygen ion array consists of a face centered cubic structure. One third of the metal ions are located in the tetrahedral sites and the remaining ions are in the octahedral sites. The spinels can be formed by the association of two trivalent cations with a bivalent ion or two bivalent cations with a tetravalent cation or one hexavalent cation with two monovalent cations (for example MoAg2O4) [5]. A synthesis method that allows to obtain a good distribution of the chromophore ions within the host lattice is the polymeric precursor method or the Pechini method [6]. The polymeric precursor method consists of the chelation of the metallic cations within the lattice of the polymer, obtained from the esterification of the metallic citrate with ethylene glycol. The polymer lattice is heated in an oxygen-containing atmosphere, resulting in a ceramic powder with high quality, when compared to the powders synthesized by the solid state reaction, normally known as mixture of oxides. Such ceramic powder presents an accurate stoichiometric control and good sinterability, and also allows a good control of the particle size and morphology of the powder [7, 8]. The general objective of this work is to obtain ceramic pigments with spinel structure and appropriate characteristics to the use in floor industries and ceramic coatings, synthesized starting from the polymeric precursor method.


A method is proposed for the determination of digoxin, based upon the color developed with m-dinitrobenzene in weakly alkaline solution. Gitoxin does not interfere when present in concentrations lower than 8 per cent.


In this letter we present the discovery of a very light planetary companion to the star mu Ara (HD160691). The planet orbits its host once every 9.5days, and induces a sinusoidal radial velocity signal with a semi-amplitude of 4.1 m/s, the smallest Doppler amplitude detected so far. These values imply a mass of m2 sini = 14 earth-masses. This detection represents the discovery of a planet with a mass slightly smaller than that of Uranus, the smallest ``ice giant" in our Solar System. Whether this planet can be considered an ice giant or a super-earth planet is discussed in the context of the core-accretion and migration models.


One of the main directions of modern technological development is the digitalization of various areas of activity. In the science, this forms integrated digital libraries include various digital objects, including digital copies of printed publications, 3D models of museum items, digitized images, audio and film materials. Scientific digital libraries are characterized by high requirements for the quality of digital copies of printed scientific sources, since any ambiguity or contamination within chemical formulas or mathematical expressions can lead to erroneous perception or misunderstanding of the meaning. Special requirements for digital copies are also imposed when digitizing rare editions and archival documents that are of scientific and historical value not only in their content, and in the notes of scientists in the margins of a book or archival document. Requirements for the quality of digitized materials determine the significant labor intensity of preparation; it is necessary to evaluate it when planning work on filling scientific libraries. This article contains a calculation methodology of span time for creating integrated digital scientific libraries using the example of the technology of forming a digital library "Scientific Heritage of Russia" (DL SHR). DL SHR contains detailed information about scientists, their most important publications (digital copies of full texts), related archival documents, as well as 3D models of museum items related to their activities. The developed methodology includes the decomposition of the entire technological process into a number of operations performed by specialists of a certain profile (librarians, editors, scan-operators, etc.). Each stage is divided into several operations, for each of which the time spent on the execution of works assigned to the unit within this operation is estimated. Such units can be a page of a book, an entire book, a biography of a scientist, etc. Span time estimation is carried out either from the published standards, or, in their absence, from the analysis of the experience of performing this operation. The article provides data on the calculation of time costs for individual operations, the formation of digital objects and their collections in relation to DL SHR based on Russian standards and 10 years of experience.


Urbanizing is faced by not only shifting of labor forces to urban areas but also integrating of urban and rural areas. The latter, which is one of the important tasks of present urbanizing, will integrate urban and rural areas by integrating various systems, urbanizing towns, integrating industrial structures, industrializing agricultures and citizening farmers. Besides, it can improve the necessary exchanges between urban and rural areas of labor forces, technologies, funds, and other resources. The core of this integrating is to strengthen the market functions of the central cities and take advantage of their control, relating and spill-over effects, so as to improve the integrating of establishments, industries and spaces.


Annotation-based and composition-based variability mechanisms have complementary strengths regarding software maintenance and evolution. Consequently, several proposals have been made to combine, integrate, and substitute both mechanisms. An open challenge is to provide a unified, automatic, and practical technique to adopt such proposals. In this paper, we present a technique to convert variable feature code that is enclosed in the C preprocessor's conditional compilation into compositional feature modules and vice versa. We facilitate the usability of our technique by keeping the annotation-based representation of the C preprocessor. Besides contributing a practicable implementation, we describe the core principles of our technique and demonstrate its functionality based on previous empirical studies and by analyzing the Linux kernel. While our technique is fast in transforming projects, we also illustrate the challenges of maintaining fine-grained feature modules.


. The purpose of this research is to produce modelling in plant ecology courses based on python programming and to analyse whether the python programming model can encourage digital argumentation skills in problem-based learning through online learning. This research method uses research and development with ADDIE design (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation). Data collection techniques in this study are arguments written through tests taken from journals and student response questionnaires distributed after using the python programming application. The results of the preparation of modelling of plant ecology courses are arranged in a figma application in the form of a user experience based on a flow chart to match product features with user needs. The model design that has been compiled will be coded with the python programming language using visual studio code so that the code provided can be read by the system. The results of digital argumentation skills were carried out to 6 students with an average level of argumentation categories that varied, low (34%), moderate (50%), and high (16%). Small-scale trials using python resulted in an average percentage value of 94.66% which is included in the very good category and is feasible to use.


Fluids are commonly infused during cardiopulmonary resusitation (CPR) and following return of spontaneous circulation ROSC). Fluids are given to increase circulating volume during CPR nd improve cardiac output and blood pressure after ROSC. More ecently, rapid infusions of a large volume (30 mL kg−1) of cold 4 ◦C) fluid have been used during CPR or in comatose patients fter ROSC to induce therapeutic hypothermia.1 Fluids are often iven liberally during CPR, yet after ROSC the fear of giving fluids o a patient with myocardial dysfunction causes some physicians o restrict the use of fluids. Variability in the use of fluids during PR is not surprising considering the lack of a large evidence base o guide intravenous fluid therapy in any clinical setting. The evidence supporting the use of intravenous fluid during PR in primary cardiac arrest is limited. Animal studies show that uid infusion during CPR causes a decrease in coronary perfusion ressure (CPP = aortic diastolic pressure − right atrial pressure).2–4 lthough fluid infusion raises the right atrial pressure during CPR, here seems to be little effect of fluid infusion on the aortic diasolic pressure. Human studies suggest that a higher CPP during CPR s associated with successful ROSC.5 Ascertaining the true effects of uids during CPR is hampered by the fact that most studies do not ave a control group that received no fluid. For example, Bender et l. found a non-significant increase in the rate of ROSC and survival o hospital admission when a hypertonic saline/starch solution was nfused during out-of-hospital cardiac arrest compared with starch lone (ROSC, 66.7% versus 51.5%, p = 0.21; admission, 57.6% verus 39.4%, p = 0.14, n = 66).6 Kamarainen et al. showed that a rapid nfusion of cold Ringer's acetate (1571 ± 517 mL) during CPR in 17 atients with out-of-hospital primary cardiac arrest decreased the asopharyngeal temperature (initial temperature, 35.17 ± 0.57 C 95% CI); hospital admission, 33.83 ± 0.77; p < 0.001).7 Return of pontaneous circulation was achieved in 13 patients, 11 survived to ospital admission, and only one patient survived to hospital disharge. Without a definite proven benefit of intravenous fluid use uring CPR for primary cardiac arrest, the value of knowing which ype of fluid to give, and whether it should be cooled is difficult to udge when studies do not have a control group that receives no uid infusion. The use of therapeutic hypothermia has generated many studies ssessing the effects of a rapid infusion of cold fluids in comatose atients after ROSC.8–12 The largest study randomized 125 outf-hospital cardiac arrest patients with ROSC to out-of-hospital ooling with 2 L of 0.9% sodium chloride at 4 ◦C compared with stanard therapy.8 Sixty-three patients received cold fluids (0.5–1 L) efore hospital arrival and 62 received standard therapy, although t is not entirely clear whether patients in the standard therapy


Group III–V semiconductor‐based microscale light‐emitting diode (micro‐LED) displays are recognized as one of the most promising display technologies with superhigh brightness and resolution, strong contrast, and superlarge color gamut but currently suffer from low efficiency, low production yield, and high cost. Here, it is proposed to realize cost‐effective and full‐color micro‐LED displays by using microscale perovskite quantum dot LEDs (micro‐PeLEDs) as emitters. Bright and uniform red‐, green‐, and blue‐emitting (RGB) micro‐PeLED arrays with each pixel size as small as 45 µm are fabricated by in situ inkjet printing a perovskite quantum dot (PeQD) emissive layer in the structure of indium tin oxide/poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene)‐poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS)/poly(9‐vinylcarbazole) (PVK)/sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)/PeQD/1,3,5‐tris(1‐phenyl‐1H‐benzimidazol‐2‐yl)benzene (TPBi)/LiF/Al. These RGB micro‐PeLED arrays display an external quantum efficiency of 0.832%, 0.419%, and 0.052% for red, green, and blue colors, a resolution of 210 PPI, and a wide color gamut (135% of the National Television Standards Committee standard). The authors further demonstrate flexible and full‐color active‐matrix micro‐PeLED displays, which have potential applications in future ultrahigh‐definition displays, light communication, and artificial intelligence.


Objective To investigat the management status of medical wastes in 40 hospitals in Xiaogan.Method The medical waste management situation in 40 hospitals in Xiaogan were investigated with a self-designed questionnaire.Results One 3A-level general hospital got the highest score of 96.00.Scores of 2-level hospitals were above the average level,and scores of 1-level hospitals were relatively low.Besides,flaws existed in many links of medical waste management in the 40 hospitals.Conclusion The management status of medical wastes is not optimistic.It is suggested to improve medical staffs' awareness,levels of infection control and management inputs.


The thermal lifetime and degradation kinetics of styrene-diene-styrene triblock copolymers(SIS,SBS and SI/BS) were investigated by thermogravimetry.The results showed that the initial thermal degradation temperatures of SIS,SBS and SI/BS at nitrogen atmosphere were 499.8,630.2 and 582.9 K respectively indicating that the thermal stability of SBS was better than those of SIS and SI/BS;the diffusion process was predominant during the thermal degradation of SIS,the random nucleation and then growth process was predominant during the thermal degradations of SBS and SI/BS,and the activation energies of thermal degradations for SIS,SBS and SI/BS were 196.8,298.3 and 349.9 kJ·mol-1 respectively;and the order of thermal lifetimes was SISSI/BSSBS.


This study aims to determine the teacher's efforts in forming Pancasila Student Profiles for students in grades I and IV at SDN Tanjung Duren Selatan 01, and to find out what factors inhibited teachers during the process of forming Pancasila Student Profiles. The research method used is descriptive qualitative. Data collection techniques used are observation, interviews and documentation. The research results obtained are: (1) Faith, piety to God Almighty and noble character. Carrying out the habit of praying Dhuha, morning services according to the elements of religious morality and morality to humans. (2) Global Diversity, by introducing ethnicity and culture in Indonesia according to elements of knowing and respecting culture and communication and interaction between cultures and social justice. (3) Work together, by picketing classes according to the moral elements of nature, collaborating, caring and sharing. (4) Independent, activities carried out by giving individual assignments according to self-regulation elements. (5) Critical Reasoning, by providing challenging questions or questions with the aim of students participating in their activities according to the elements of obtaining and processing information and ideas, and analyzing and evaluating reasoning and procedures. (6) Creative, activities carried out by giving students handicraft assignments by utilizing used items around them and holding P5 activities according to the elements of Generating original ideas and Producing original works and actions.


We have used ellipsometry to measure the glass transition temperature (Tg) of ultra-thin films of polystyrene (PS) (less than 20 nm thick) obtained by spin-casting from solution onto silicon substrates. We find that Tg in these ultra-thin films is depressed from the bulk value in qualitative accord with our earlier results on thicker films of PS. In films as thin as 8 nm, the depression from the bulk value of Tg is 35 K. We have also prepared ultra-thins by grafting PS-COOH on the native oxide of Si and by spin-casting PS-COOH onto Si. Here we have been able to measure the Tg of 5-nm films in which we find a Tg depression of 10 K. We tentatively ascribe the smaller value of Tg depression for these grafted chains to the constraining effect of the anchor.


The Oxalis extract was obtained by soaking with ethanol, then mixed with distilled water and successively extracted using chloroform, ethyl acetate and n-butanol. The four different polar solvent (chloroform, ethyl acetate, n-butanol, aqueous) extracts were evaporated under reduced pressure to obtain four kinds of crude extractum. Antibacterial activity on Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Albicans Saccharomyces and Pseudomonas aeruginosa of the four fractions were studied by minimal inhibitory concentration method (MIC). The results indicated that the chloroform extract and n-butanol extract from red Oxalis have no antimicrobial activity to the above 4 bacteria; the ethyl acetate extract showed significant inhibitory activities to the above 4 bacteria, the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) were 2560ug/ml, 1280ug/ml, 2560ug/ml, 2560ug/ml respectively; the aqueous extract have inhibitory activity to Escherichia coli and Albicans Saccharomyces, the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) were 2560ug/ml, 2560ug/ml respectively, but it has no antimicrobial effect on the other two kinds of bacteria. The chloroform extract and ethyl acetate extract from yellow Oxalis have no antimicrobial activity to the above 4 bacteria; the n-butanol extract has inhibitory activity to Escherichia coli, Albicans Saccharomyces and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) were 5120ug/ml, 5120ug/ml, 5120ug/ml respectively, but it has no antimicrobial effect on Staphylococcus aureus; the aqueous extract have inhibitory activity to Escherichia coli and Albicans Saccharomyces, the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) were 2560ug/ml, 5120ug/ml respectively, but it has no antimicrobial effect on the other two kinds of bacteria.


A new digital AGC system with independent adjustable control accuracy and settling time is proposed based on feedback logarithmic AGC loop for the conflicting issues between control accuracy and settling time in traditional AGC system.By smartly splitting the single loop gain factor to two independent loop gain factor,one is used to control steady-state accuracy,the other is used to control settling time,the independent adjustment of settling time and control accuracy is achieved.AGC loop equation is derived.Analytical expression of time constant and control accuracy is solved.Performance of the power estimation methods between sum of squares and maximal values of slip windows are analyzed in low SNR,which indicates that sum of squares power estimation method has better performance in low SNR.The computer simulations of the AGC system are given using sum of squares power estimation method.The results indicate that the settling time of the system don't change with the input signal amplitude,the settling time and control accuracy can be adjusted according to the actual engineering requirements,the system has excellent performance even in low SNR.


In this study we adapted WRF-Hydro to the Cape Fear River basin (CFRB)
to assess its performance during Hurricane Florence (2018). The model
was first calibrated with a strategy of mixture of automatic and manual
calibration during Florence and then evaluated with an independent
hurricane event. With satisfactory NSE values (>0.4)
achieved at all gages for hourly simulation, the model demonstrates its
potential in simulating the flood response at both basin and sub-basin
scale during hurricane events. The model's capability in reproducing
rainfall and properly translating it to hydrological response was
further evaluated. The analysis suggests that the calibrated WRF-Hydro
in combination with a series of WRF simulation using different
microphysics schemes can provide reasonable flood simulations. The model
reproduced peak streamflow observed at gage stations with acceptable
errors in timing and amplitude. Meanwhile, positive(negative) bias in
rainfall input is likely to be amplified (reduced) in streamflow
forecast when simulated rainfall volume is larger than the "model
true". And the timing bias mostly inherited from rainfall simulation
and calibration process.


2003;123;652-653 Chest and GianFranco Milani Annalisa Cogo, Adalberto Ciaccia, Cristina Legorini, Antonio Grimaldi Without Respiratory Failure Proteinuria in COPD Patients With and http://chestjournal.chestpubs.org/content/123/2/652.full.html services can be found online on the World Wide Web at: The online version of this article, along with updated information and ISSN:0012-3692 ) http://chestjournal.chestpubs.org/site/misc/reprints.xhtml ( written permission of the copyright holder. this article or PDF may be reproduced or distributed without the prior Dundee Road, Northbrook, IL 60062. All rights reserved. No part of Copyright2003by the American College of Chest Physicians, 3300 Physicians. It has been published monthly since 1935. is the official journal of the American College of Chest Chest


This paper synthesizes multi-channel supply chain-related research from leading management journals and enlightens the current researcher, states of the research and projecting of where it is heading. Our review involves a strategic finding of the dual/multi-channel pricing decision and coordination. This article contributes to the literature in two ways: (a) by reviewing the most impactful literature on SCM that is directly related to the Pricing and Channel coordination, (b) by summarizing the theory and findings in SCM and Retailing literature.


Indolyl-3-butyric acid and vitamin D3 enhance adventitious root formation in green cuttings of Populus tremula L. A significant synergistic effect is observed between these two substances. The number of roots formed on application of the individual substances and on simultaneous application depends on the growth substance concentration, the timing of application, the age of the cuttings and the number of leaves. Of the vitamin D3 animal metabolites tested, only 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 markedly promoted adventitious rooting, and this to a lesser extent than vitamin D3 itself. The 3-O-glucopyranosides of vitamin D3 and the vitamin D3 animal metabolites, promoted rooting to the same extent as the parent compounds.


The linear eddy mixing model is used to predict the evolution of a decaying scalar field in statistically steady homogeneous turbulent flow over a wide range of Reynolds and Schmidt numbers. Model results at low Reynolds number and order unity Schmidt number are shown to be in good overall agreement with direct numerical simulations. Results at higher Schmidt and Reynolds numbers reproduce conventional scaling properties of the scalar statistics. Predictions of Schmidt number and Reynolds number sensitivity of the evolution of the scalar concentration probability density function are presented and interpreted.


The present study investigated the effect of different herbicide named pendimethalin, 2,4-D, clodinafop, metsulfuron methyl and metribuzin while applying in combination with uniform dose of inorganic fertilizer (NPK) on soil N, P, K, Cu, Mn, Zn and Fe nutrients in field experiment on Aligarh soil growing wheat as test crop over a period of 120 days. The study revealed that with high concentration of all the herbicides all the macro as well as micro nutrients decreased. The medium and low herbicide concentrations of all the herbicides proved beneficial for increasing the soil N, P, K and Cu, Mn, Zn, Fe as compared to control. On the other hand use of inorganic fertilizer also may have enhanced these nutrients in soil as these nutrients play a vital role in growth and development of a plant. In this field experiment the use of pendimethalin @1000 gai. proved best for both type of soil nutrients , which may have exerted a positive effect on wheat yield as compared to other herbicides as noticed at harvesting. Metribuzin @ 250 gai. proved least effective herbicide for these macro and micro nutrients and also from the point of view of wheat growth and yield.


Scintillator materials convert high-energy radiation into photons in the ultraviolet to visible light region for radiation detection. In this review, advances in X-ray emission dynamics of inorganic scintillators are presented, including inorganic halides (alkali-metal halides, alkaline-earth halides, rare-earth halides, oxy-halides, rare-earth oxyorthosilicates, halide perovskites), oxides (binary oxides, complex oxides, post-transition metal oxides), sulfides, rare-earth doped scintillators, and organic-inorganic hybrid scintillators. The origin of scintillation is strongly correlated to the host material and dopants. Current models are presented describing the scintillation decay lifetime of inorganic materials, with the emphasis on the short-lived scintillation decay component. The whole charge generation and the de-excitation process are analyzed in general, and an essential role of the decay kinetics is the de-excitation process. We highlighted three decay mechanisms in cross luminescence emission, exitonic emission, and dopant-activated emission, respectively. Factors regulating the origin of different luminescence centers controlling the decay process are discussed.


The idealized version of the mode-coupling theory which focuses on the nonequilibrium structural aspects of colloidal particles in glass formation is applied to determine the liquid-glass transition boundary for a suspension of monodisperse polystyrene charged spheres as a function of electrolyte concentration. Guided by previous studies of the liquid-fcc-bcc freezing transition, we employ the same macro-ion charge as that used in the latter and predict the colloidal liquid-glass transition loci in remarkably good agreement with measurements. [S0031-9007(99)09045-6]


Representation of context dependent knowledge in the Semantic Web is becoming a recognized issue and a number of DL-based formalisms have been proposed in this regard: among them, in our previous works we introduced the Contextualized Knowledge Repository (CKR) framework. In CKR, contexts are organized hierarchically according to a broader-narrower relation and knowledge propagation across contexts is limited among contexts hierarchically related. In several applications, however, this structure is too restrictive, as they demand for a more flexible and scalable framework for representing and reasoning about contextual knowledge. In this work we present an evolution of the original CKR (based on OWL RL), where contexts can be organized in any graph based structure (declared as a metaknowledge base) and knowledge propagation is allowed among any pair of contexts via a new "evaluate-in-context" operator. In particular, we detail a materialization calculus for reasoning over the revised CKR framework and prove its soundness and completeness. Moreover, we outline the current implementation of the calculus on top of SPRINGLES, an extension of standard RDF triple stores for representing and rule-based inferencing over multiple RDF named graphs.


is especially one of the most harmful radioactive elements because of its long half-life (= yr). The efficient removal of iodide () and iodate () in a aqueous solution by adsorption using activated alumina and activated carbon was studied. The removal efficiency was over 99% for iodide ion with silver treated basic alumina and iodate ion with acidic alumina or silver treated acidic alumina without any chemical addition or physical treatments.


The SonTek FlowTracker was introduced in 2001 with the intention of providing laboratory quality ADV (acoustic Doppler velocimeter) velocity measurements in a format suitable for wading discharge measurements. Since that time, the FlowTracker has gained widespread support both in the U.S. and overseas as a modern alternative to conventional mechanical current meters. The original fi rmware algorithms inside the FlowTracker mimicked conventional practices and offered limited QA/QC criteria back to the user. In order to extend full advantage of the ADV technology and the FlowTracker's micro processing capabilities, extended features were added to the device in the form of a fi rmware and software release in the fall of 2006. These new features focus on automated quality assurance and quality control and take advantage of the extensive set of parameters available with FlowTracker data collection. An Automatic QC Test is conducted at the start of each measurement to verify all aspects of instrument operation; results are analyzed in real time and stored with each data fi le. User supplied data (measurement location, water depth) are monitored to look for possible data entry errors. Quality control parameters (including signal to noise ratio, standard error of velocity, fl ow angle, and section discharge) are analyzed with each velocity measurement. These parameters are compared to adaptive criteria that adjust with changing stream conditions; the operator is notifi ed immediately of any suspect measurements. At the end of each measurement, the overall measurement uncertainty is calculated along with the contribution of different parameters (this indicates the primary sources of uncertainty). We will discuss the approach we have taken to implementing these features, how they should be interpreted by the user, and how it can result in a more robust and reliable discharge measurement.


A single column batch azeotropic distillation method applying to separation of ethanol-water system is suggested.Product ethanol is obtained from aqueous waste liquid containing 27.4% ethanol,recovery of ethanol is 99.2%.Selection and amount of azeotropic agent,schematic diagram and operation procedures are proposed.


Introduction: Nowadays, several bacteria have acquired resistance to available antimicrobial agents making necessary the search for new therapeutic alternatives. Plectranthus amboinicus L. is a succulent and aromatic herb, popularly known as thick leaf mint, used in popular medicine for the treatment of colds, digestive diseases, asthma, headache and to fight pathogenic bacteria activity. In view the antimicrobial activity of P. amboinicus this study had as aim to review publications involving researches about antimicrobial activity of this species. Review Article Silva et al.; EJMP, 31(18): 1-14, 2020; Article no.EJMP.63182 2 Materials and Methods: For this, PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct and Scielo databases were consulted in November 2020 using the keywords Plectranthus amboinicus and antimicrobial activity. In vitro and/or in vivo studies on the antimicrobial activity of the species in the last 10 years were considered. Results: The main microorganisms evaluated were: Klebsiella pneumoniae, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and some Candida species. The essential oils had carvacrol, germacrene D, thymol and camphor as main constituents. Most studies evaluated the antimicrobial activity using broth dilution and agar diffusion methods. In most studies essential oil, extracts and/or isolated substances showed significant antimicrobial activity. Synergistic activity was also observed through association with antibiotics. Conclusion: P. amboinicus has therapeutic potential for antimicrobial treatments and can be an alternative to the treatment of resistant microorganisms and that further in vivo and clinical studies with the species are still needed.


Firmly enmeshed in the capitalist mode of production, today's highly skilled professional knowledge workers struggle with an imperative to realize themselves through their work. This article examines how this imperative for self-realization is also characteristic of contemporary practices of vacation travel, and in doing so points to forms of oppression inherent in capitalism today in relation to a practice that is customarily celebrated as a little freedom from the responsibilities of work. The arguments presented are based on a Foucauldian genealogy of vacation travel and the subject who pursues it, starting with the period of industrialization and finishing with an outline of contemporary discourses. The aim is to contribute to a discussion of contemporary critiques of capitalism.


ABSTRACT This study examined whether children 4- and 5-years-old (N = 156) can revise a physical science misconception from different types of picture books. A realistic fiction book and informational book with identical images matched in word count and reading difficulty level were compared to a control book about plants. In the pretest and posttest, children were asked to make predictions about pairs of objects that either had the same or different weight. The pretest scores showed that many children began with the misconception that heavier objects fall faster than lighter objects. Posttest scores revealed that children revised this misconception after reading the realistic fiction and informational picture books but not after reading the control book. These findings provide evidence that children as young as age 4 can acquire physical science knowledge from picture books and that both realistic fiction and informational books can be used effectively to expose children to science concepts.


For a prototype-ducted fan unmanned helicopter, considering the contaminated data effects of the mechanical vibration from the airframe, the method of parameter identification of unmanned helicopter hovering model is proposed. Based on generalized helicopter parameter model with angular velocity feedback, longitudinal channel model parameters Iy, Iband CTvare identified by angular rate, linear acceleration and control input successively. Firstly, the screening of the observed data according to prior information of the sensor output noise variance was performed, which rejected the abnormal sample. Secondly, the observed data were filtered by low-pass filter. Finally, the secondary identification was made by the least squares method. The experimental results showed that this method could improve the precision and reduce the standard deviation of parameter identification significantly.


The Qur'an, as a sacred divine text, was guaranteed integrity from distortion in the composition of its letters, words, sentences, and verses, and this integrity is what is called in the religious terminology: (preservation).The Qur'an is preserved by divine preservation, and this preservation has a well-known basic form: preservation of the hearts, which is a metaphor for the preservation of Muslims of the Qur'an in their hearts by receiving it first from the Prophet PBUH, then from his companions, then to those who followed them. To this day, each of them performs it in the manner that he received from his predecessor, which is known as the receipt, but this receipt in the Prophet's era specifically, needs scientific examination that proves its authenticity in the integrity of the Holy Qur'an from all forms of distortion through the ages that followed. Because it was the era in which the process of receipt began. It is done through exposure to what it is and its evidence, and how it was the cornerstone of the steadfastness of the verses of the Noble Qur'an in front of the currents of direct or indirect change throughout Islamic history. This is the problem that the researcher will try to address in this research through a methodology that relies on extrapolation and tracking of the multiple and accurate images of this reception in the Prophet's era, highlighting its impact on preserving the Qur'anic process after that from any distortion. The researcher has reached several conclusions; One of the most important of them is: The receipt of the Qur'anic verses in the Prophet's era ensured the integrity of the Qur'an text from all forms of self-distortion or deviation after that, and it was a major focus of confidence in the Qur'anic text in terms of reassurance of its integrity, through specific and precise criteria that made it a wall against all attempts to distort or challenge it, for this and others, the researcher advises the need to address this issue from all its aspects, as it relates to the noble book from which all Islamic legal sciences emerge. The integrity of the text is, in fact, the integrity of what is branched from it.


The article considers the problems of new military-historical routes creation in regions and municipalities of Russia and shows their influence on patriotic upbringing as the most important educational function. The conclusion is made that the activity in this direction helps to preserve social stability, the formation of patriotic consciousness. Attention is drawn to the problem of systematization and certification of places and objects of tourism related to military history in the regions and municipalities, as well as on issues of hostilities reconstruction. The article focuses on the activities of decision-making state structures, aimed at helping businesses engaged in the development of military-historical tourism and formulates the requirements to the activity of the employees of regional and municipal tourism administrations in the development of the military-historical routes. The possibilities and directions of brands military-historical tourism development are shown on the example of Crimea. The article concludes that the creation of the "road maps" are necessary in the development of the military-historical routes.


The 2000 presidential election was unprecedented not only because of the lengthy dispute over the results, but also because both the Republican and Democratic Party presidential candidates directed their campaign appeals to minority voters. Because Black public opinion has moderated over time, Blacks are closer ideologically to the Democratic and Republican parties. Whereas in the 1970s and early 1980s Blacks believed the Democratic Party to be to the right of their position on issues such as government aid to Blacks and minority groups, today they see little difference, placing the Democratic Party slightly to the left of themselves on average. Black attitudes have moderated, I argue, because of the coercive dynamic of their incorporation into mainstream, electoral politics. And, indeed, the greatest force behind the newfound unity between Blacks and the Democratic Party is, ironically, the exogenous expansion of Black members' opportunities for political power and advancement in the United States House of Representatives. However, in contrast to other structural accounts, my analysis still leaves open the possibility that Black opinion could re-radicalize in the future.Note: Earlier versions of this paper were presented at a May 2003 conference on "New Perspectives on the Study of Race and Political Representation" at the University of Rochester organized by Fredrick C. Harris and Valeria Sinclair-Chapman, and at the 2002 annual meeting of the American Political Science Association meeting in Boston. The author thanks the participants at these events and Emory Denise Christian for their comments, and UCI's Center for the Study of Democracy for its financial support.


The article addresses the results of effective water losses prevention in public water supply systems, focusing on procedures for monitoring hidden leaks as the main part of losses and as the first step to control and prevent them. The described methodology has been applied based on a cross-border cooperation between twin capital cities Vienna and Bratislava in the Central Europe Region within the project deWaloP (Developing Water Loss Prevention) and adopted in Bratislava Water Company (BVS) in the Slovak Republic. The paper provides a complex of simple and easily available practices for analyses of water distribution measurements bringing essential information as to the necessity to use advanced procedures to actively reduce leakage. These practices involve minimum night flows analyses, hydrodynamic pressures analyses, pinpointing of water leakages by working with valves in the water network, the methodology of setting alarm limits for measured data, as well as use of advanced practices to obtain missing topologic data. As the water infrastructure in former socialistic countries are in bad technical condition and the lack of pertinent operational data is a significant obstacle to the application of a more sophisticated methodology based on GIS and other information systems, the procedures focus on using the most simple way to evaluate and control water losses. Finally, the introduction of described methodology in Bratislava Water Company after many years of unsuccessful effort even with expensive sophisticated leakage equipment brought positive outputs and the graph line of water losses level is finally going down. The use of expensive multi-correlating equipment together with human resources on the basis of implementing the above described leakage monitoring will subsequently become more effective, as it shall pinpoint major leakages, disclosure and removal of that shall significantly contribute to the effective reduction of water losses.


In this paper authors discuss about areas important for psychosocial rehabilitation, experiences of social workers in the Psychiatric Institute, requirements and suggestions. Considerate areas are: both public and private sector organizations, local centers for social work, mental care dispensaries, medical committees for working ability assessment, employment agencies, educational system, jurisdictional system, residential system and municipalities. Necessity of continued and opened collaboration between medical institutions and important persons for resocialization from the patient ambiance is pointed out. It is necessarily to establish in the existing psychiatric institutions appropriate work programs, sociotherapeutical groups and psychoeducational groups. New strategical approach in the psychiatric social work is based on the World Health Organization mental health recommendations considering economic capabilities and sociocultural environment of our society.


This study is a unique approach for the design and implementation of True Random Number Generator (TRNG) using ADPLL, on Field-Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) board Artrix-7 (XC7A35T-CPG236-1) and the simulation was done on Vivado v.2015.2 design suite. TRNG is solely based on the different seeds of entropy like Jitter, and metastability was produced from Ring Oscillator, Flip Flop (FF) and other primitives. In this paper, we have realized and implemented two architectures based on the use of ADPLL. TRNG with single ADPLL is represented as Novel design-1 (ND-1) and TRNG with two ADPLL as Novel design-2 (ND-2) cascading with other primitive like ring Oscillator combined with FF. Different from other approaches, this proposed TRNG architecture has higher speed, consumes less power in spite of employing 2 Look-Up-Tables (LUTs) and 1 slice block without compromising the overall throughput producing at 680.7 Mbps for ND-1 (Single ADPLL) and 676 Mbps for ND-2 (Two ADPLL). Comparing with other existing designs in the Field of TRNG and found out to have higher throughput and less power consumption, less complexity by employing a reduced FPGA hardware resource. Digital storage oscilloscope (DSO) is used to capture output waveform and FFT waveform for both ND-1 (single ADPLL) and ND-2 (two ADPLL). The randomness of the generated bitstream output of the design architecture is validated by passing the NIST SP 800-22 test which evidences that the proposed ADPLL-based TRNG can be better suited for different industrial applications such as security Network system, cybersecurity, Banking security, IIOT, IOT.


KFKI AEKI has been developing data acquisition, noise diagnostics, process information and computerized operator support systems for the Hungarian Paks NPP from the early eighties (Paks Unit 1 was commissioned in 1982). During this 25 years our institute has created several generations of the above mentioned systems and thus accumulated considerable experience in connection with this R&D area. In addition to gathering experience and know-how we could also witness the continuous – sometimes very rapid – development of the applicable hardware equipment and software tools. The paper describes the historical development of two major systems developed by AEKI: the VERONA core monitoring system and the reactor noise diagnostics system. Major milestones of the development processes are identified, hardware devices and software services of the different stages are summarized and compared. Main trends in the ever increasing system performance indices are outlined (e.g. cycle time, computing and storage capacity, core analysis capabilities, etc.). Changes in system architectures, hardware devices, system and application software, as well as software development tools are outlined. A special emphasis is devoted to the developments related to the human-machine interface and how modern computer visualization technology is utilized in the present systems.


Abstract : Under support from the US Army/DOD the training program in breast cancer research at University of Texas at M. D. Anderson Cancer Center has had a successful second year. The training program has supported four predoctoral and five postdoctoral fellows. As reported last year, the extra postdoctoral trainees are funded by Breast Cancer Research Program at UT-MDACC. Each trainee has made notable progress as evidenced by publications and presentations at national meetings. Some of trainees have completed his or her work before this progress report. Significant strides have been made within the scope of the original specific aims in the following research areas: I) Therapeutic approaches for breast cancer through regulation of oncogene and tumor suppressor gene expression, and control of signal transduction, apoptosis, and DNA repair; 2) Use of animals to understand the biology of breast cancer and to provide models for preclinical therapeutic and preventive studies; 3) Novel preventive strategies for breast cancer; 4) Population-based studies on breast cancer; 5) Molecular diagnostic/prognostic factors for breast cancer; and 6) The basis biology of breast cancer. In addition to laboratory pursuits each trainee has participated in departmental group meetings, journal clubs, and retreats. The goal of the training program is to further the successful training of fellows who will develop research programs of their own which continue to tackle problems of breast cancer.


This paper designs a control strategy that Direct Torque Control(DTC) for ship Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor(PMSM).In order to overcome those problems conventional DTC system possess,such as flux and torque ripple and difficult to control,a sliding mode variable structure control algorithm is proposed.Based on MATLAB platform,it is established that sliding mode variable structure function of direct torque control system simulation model,the experimental results show that the proposed algorithm can improve dynamic and static performance of the system,at the same time it represents strong robustness that parameters and external disturbance of the system.


This paper introduces a model to capture the behavioral phenomenon of inertia in inter-temporal consumer purchase decisions. We define inertia as the inherent tendency to refrain from making any purchase. This is represented by a utility premium that is required to trigger purchases. Inertia may induce consumers to wait even when it is optimal to buy immediately. We show that our model of inertia is consistent with well-established behavioral regularities, such as loss aversion and probability weighting in the sense of prospect theory, and hyperbolic time preferences. We embed this decision model within a dynamic pricing context. The firm has a fixed capacity of a particular product and sells it over two time periods to a market consisting of both rational and inertial consumers. We find that the depth of inertia (i.e., strength of inertial effects) always hurts seller profits but the breadth of inertia (i.e., the proportion of inertial consumers) may sometimes be beneficial. We offer practical recommendations for firms to influence both depth and breadth of consumer inertia.


Based on integrative model and supported by Geographic Information System (GIS),the pollution level and potential ecological risk of heavy metals in surface water and surface sediment in Kaozhou Bay were assessed synthetically with chemical and ecological methods,and the results of different methods were compared.The pollution indexes of heavy metals in the water of the whole bay were lower than 0.5 in dry season and even lower than 0.2 in flooding season,which indicated that the contents of heavy metals were low and insufficient to affect the ecological system in the bay.In dry season,the potential ecological risk indexes of heavy metals in the surface sediment of most part of the bay varied from 20 to 70 with the dense area occurring in the west and northwestern part,with sediments slightly affected by heavy metals.While in flooding season,the risk indexes in the whole bay were lower than 20 and would not affect the ecological system.As for ecological assessment,food organism level in dry season in most part of the bay ranged from grade 2 to grade 3 with the dense area occurring in the northwestern part,the mouth of the bay and the estuary of Jilong River,whose levels reaching grade 4,indicating rich food organisms in these parts.In flooding season,the dense area was distributed in the middle part of the bay and the coastal area along Wangjingzhou with the level of grade 4~5,and followed by the mouth of the bay with the level of grade 4,while in the west and northwest of the bay the levels were the lowest with grade 1~2.Because of the low level of heavy metal pollution,the environmental factors,such as water temperature,salinity and nutrients,had turned into the major factors which affected the ecological system in the bay.Comparing for the various assessment methods,synthetic assessment was an effective approach to describe the pollution of heavy metals and forecast the impact on the ecological system.


The use of multiple parameters in thin-layer drying equations makes it difficult to compare and quantify the impact of drying air temperature, relative humidity, and other factors on the drying characteristics of an agricultural crop. In this study, two single-parameter equations are proposed to quantify thin-layer drying characteristics of contemporary long-grain rice cultivars grown in the Mid-South U.S. Drying runs were first performed to obtain drying curves for cultivar 'Roy J' under 18 air conditions; several drying equations were evaluated for their fit to each drying curve. The proposed single-parameter equations (modified Page equation and infinite-series diffusion equation) described the experimental drying data very accurately; the root mean square errors in moisture ratio obtained for the modified Page and infinite-series diffusion equations varied in the ranges of 0.2 to 1.4 and 0.3 to 1.5 percentage points, respectively. The dependence of drying air temperature and relative humidity on drying parameters of the modified Page and infinite-series diffusion equations was described by second-order polynomial regression equations. The impact of harvest moisture content on the drying characteristics of rice was observed to be negligible. The validity of the developed single-parameter equations was also evaluated for five other long-grain rice cultivars; for these cultivars, the maximum errors in the moisture ratio prediction using the modified Page and infinite-series diffusion equations were 2.9 and 3.4 percentage points, respectively. This study provides thin-layer drying data for contemporary rice cultivars in the Mid-South U.S. The resulting thin-layer drying equations are expected to improve the accuracy of deep-bed drying models. While the proposed single-parameter equations were tested only for long-grain rice, the methodology presented in this research could be used to develop similar single-parameter thin-layer drying equations for short-grain and medium-grain rice, as well as other agricultural crops. As such, these equations could be readily used in quantifying the impacts of air and rice variables on drying rates.


Bdellovibrio which could grown at high temperature conditions was screened and purified in Tianjin four main rivers.The biological characteristics were tested by double deck agar plate,including its host spectra,pH resistance,and cultivation temperature.The results showed that the Bdellovibrio with high temperature resistance growed well at pH 7.0~7.5,and it could prey on the dead bacteria earlier compared with the living bacteria,such as Escherichia coli,Aeromonas hydrophila,Pseudomonas fluorescens,mass of gram negative bacteria and some gram positive bacteria could be preied on by the Bdellovibrio,which is an obligate parasite.


Summary Key natural resources that were valued were land and water, though this was as much for their productive and economic values as for any ecological, aesthetic, recreational or other values they could serve. Nevertheless, problems were regarded as multi-dimensional as evident in the fact that with respect to this category of assets – more than any other – there was mention of psychosocial impacts of recent development connected to energy extraction. This highlighted that identity and emotional well-being are important considerations. There was also the interesting phenomenon of agriculture being ‗naturalised' and farmers portrayed as ecological stewards. The responses about natural assets showed that a cross-section of the people interviewed regarded environmental issues as of paramount concern and as relevant to multiple sectors/stakeholders, though they sometimes had different priorities. This meant that management strategies could not be successfully implemented sector-by-sector but rather required a degree of coordination. The variety of strategies included technological advances, voluntary initiatives by producers and regulation by government. Strong distrust was evident when it came to perceptions about this form of capital. The distrust was of authorities and of the resources industries as well as of available data. The latter was seen as incomplete and uncertain and hence underpinned considerable uncertainty, perceptions of high risk and an inability to predict and plan satisfactorily.


With the problem of inaccurate calculation results due to missing data such as topology and operating load when calculating low-voltage theoretical line loss, this paper establishes a theoretical line loss calculation model, and uses machine learning algorithms Solve. In the solution process, the influence of abnormal data is reduced by improving the K-means algorithm, and for typical daily types, the relationship between the power consumption in transformer area and the variable line loss power is obtained by the fitting algorithm to obtain the theoretical line loss reference value. The basic data of this method is highly fault-tolerant, suitable for actual engineering calculations, can provide accurate theoretical line loss reference values, meet the requirements of line loss analysis in transformer area, and provide an effective basis for the formulation of loss reduction measures.


High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) has higher computational complexity than the former standard H.264 because the emerging quadtree coding structure not only offers flexibility but also introduces heavy burden. Considering the relevance of sum of absolute Hadamard transformed difference (SATD) to the texture characteristics of blocks, we propose a new fast algorithm based on SATD to alleviate the heavy burden on a coding unit for fast intra prediction in HEVC. In the proposed scheme, we select SATDs of the first several units as references to analyze the early pruning and early splitting thresholds, and we renew those thresholds during an early CU size determination test. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm can save encoding time by 44% on average with only 0.9% BD rate increment compared with the reference software HM16.7.


"Super Girl" is the most dramatic cultural and aesthetic phenomenon in China after the new century's coming.This paper tries to reveal the reasons why it's so attractive through analysis of the meaning,background and aesthetic characteristics of "super girl",and I hope it will make contribution to the future development of Chinese culture.


Advancements in hardware and software systems, as well as free time provided by the environmental industry's recent sluggishness, have given software developers an opportunity to improve their environmental database. Many took advantage of the opportunity to increase the amount of data covered (resulting in more comprehensive products), and to offer a greater variety of media for data storage and retrieval. Thus, many databases now are easier to install, access and use. Legislative and regulatory databases, including environmental code book'' software, undergo constant revision. Environmental code book software stores regulatory information on diskettes, CD-ROM disks or on-line systems. Hazardous substance information, including MSDSs, historically has been the most common subject of environmental databases, although the availability of such information on CD-ROM is relatively new.


This thesis provides four essays on the diversification of the European Union's (EU) gas market. The essays focus on the different options for the EU to promote a diversified gas market: The first essay analyzes the effect of the Lithuanian LNG terminal that was built to diversify the Lithuanian natural gas market in 2014. By the terminal the Russian monopoly for natural gas supply to Lithuania was break down, resulting in lower gas prices. The second essay investigates the potential of the Southern Gas Corridor (SGC), a diversification project of the EU that connects natural gas resources from the Caspian Region via Turkey to the EU. The results imply that the SGC and Turkey's role would be of only of minor importance for the EU, due to the high costs. Based on that investigation, the third essay looks at the market power of transit countries and quantifies the potential of market power that Turkey may exert within the SGC. Finally, the fourth essay investigates the EU diversification targets in general and estimates the economic effects of a realization up to 2025.


SUBTITLE: AL DITTER REPORTS ON THE LATEST PROGRAMMES FOR THE CARE OF PROPULSION SYSTEMS, FROM ENGINE CORE TO FANS, PROPELLERS AND NACELLES.


Purpose: This research study analyzes Moldovans' intentions to visit Greece, and their perceptions of Greece's image as a tourism destination, according to the following dimensions: (1) environmental beauty and convenience, (2) country's citizens, (3) place and architectural structure, (4) shopping and tourist accommodation and (5) similarity of the local culture and cuisine with the Moldovan one. The goal is split into four objectives. Design/methodology/approach: For attaining the goal, a self-administered questionnaire was delivered. The empirical study was conducted in the capital of Moldova. The findings are based upon a sample of 139 respondents. Findings: The findings reveal that, overall, Greece's image as a tourist destination among Moldovan consumers is partially positive. The perceptions of the tourism dimensions were evaluated in the descending order as follows: place and architectural structure, shopping and tourist accommodation, environmental beauty and convenience, country's citizens and similarity of the local culture and cuisine with the Moldovan one. Research limitations/implications: As it was undertaken only in the capital of Republic of Moldova and because most respondents are young people and females, the findings of this investigation do not absolutely reflect the perceptions of all Moldovans. Also, because the number of respondents is small, it is not representative of the whole Moldovan population. Hence, the results might not be very realistic and accurate. Originality/value: This study provides insightful theoretical implications and practical recommendations in creating marketing strategies that would help in managing and improving Greece's image as a destination among Moldovan tourists. Also, no study, at least to the researcher's knowledge, has evaluated Greece's image as a destination among Moldovan consumers. Finally, due to the increasing number of Moldovan tourists in Greece, it is important that Greece grasps this opportunity and positively influences the intentions of the visiting Moldovans via a positive destination image.


According to the basic laws and the environmental factors of biological de-nitrification,this paper studies on the factors and conditions,such as controlling DO,SRT,temperature,pH value,organically carbonic source and etc,which can enhance the efficiency of de-nitrification. And expounds the notable advantages being brought about by the appearance of shortcut nitrification and de-nitrification and autotrophic ammonia removal.


Objective To observe the morphological changes of necroptosis after renal ischemia-reperfusion injury (RIRI) in rats. Methods Immunoblot analysis, immunohistochemical staining and light and electron microscope were used to observe and analyze necroptosis in the renal tissue after 60min ischemia and 24h reperfusion. Results Immunoblot analysis showed that the expression of receptor interacting protein kinase 3 (RIPK3) and tumor necrosis factor receptor α (TNFRα) in the kidney was significantly higher in RIRI group than in sham group. Immunohistochemical staining showed positive cells of RIPK3 in the kidney was evident in RIRI group, which distributed mainly in the renal tubular epithelium. Renal tubular cells undergoing necroptosis were evident in both cortical and outer region of the medulla after 60min ischemia and 24h reperfusion and morphologically featured by necrotic cytoplasm containing an apoptosis-like nucleus under electron microscope. Conclusion Necroptosis occurred in renal tubular cells and the expression of RIPK3 could increase in renal tubular cells in rat after 60min ischemia and 24h reperfusion.

 DOI: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2013.10.002


The relationship between family involvement in students' academic activities, their learning, and academic achievement has been widely studied. Two different types of family involvement are recognized: parental participation, which is linked to activities implemented by the school, and parental support, which occurs at home and has to do with the family's educational practice. This study analyzed the influence of parental participation in school activities, parental support at home, and family socioeconomic status on student learning in mathematics. The database of 104,973 third-year secondary education students (50.1% female and 49.9% male) from the 2018 assessment of academic achievement in mathematical thinking was considered. Path analysis was employed in structural equation modeling, where a general model of parental support was proposed to compare the learning of students from the lowest quartile and those from the highest socioeconomic level; the model presented a good fit for each group. The models used showed acceptable adjustments in some criteria; in these models, there were positive and significant associations between parental schooling and socioeconomic level and achievement in mathematics. The results obtained are consistent with the findings of other studies in which parental support, mediated by socioeconomic status, significantly influences student learning.


RESERVE REQUIREMENTS HAVE BECOME a common institutional feature of our monetary systems. They are widely held to be indispensable for zfficient control of the financial sector of the economy. Yet, relatively little analysis has been directed at the question of what constitutes an optimal level and structure of reserve requirements. In the traditional literature, the major exceptions concetn some discussions of the extreme values of 100 percent or zero requirements, especially the former (see, e.g., [1, 5, 6, 7, 10]). For a zero required reserve proposal, see [3]. In recent years, some newer studies dealing with these issues have appeared (see, e.g., [8, 9, 11, 12, 15]). In all of these studies, the focus is almost exclusively on money stock control. Generally speaking, their results support the 100 percent reserves idea, though such a scheme is usually seen as infeasible for political or institutional reasons, leading to recommendations to set requirements as high as possible against deposits included in the money stock, subject to whatever constraints of this nature are perceived. The underlying idea, of course, is that this minimizes the influence of private sector disturbances on the money stock by lowering the money multiplier (and making it equal to one in the extreme case of a 100 percent requirement). Reserve requirements are comparable to a tax on a particular economic activity, namely, the production of deposit accounts. As such, they have efficiency effects similar to those of a tax on other types of activities. Although this has always been


Purpose: In MR examinations of patients with metallic implants like stents, various artifacts can occur in MR images, because of magnetic and electro-magnetic interactions of the implant with the MR environment [1]. The standard test method F2119-07 [3] of ASTM International is generally used for evaluation of susceptibility as well as radio frequency (RF) artifact appearance and size of implants. Measurements according to this standard use an in-vitro model filled with copper sulfate solution (CuSO4). However, CuSO4 is a conductive liquid, and it is observed that standing waves were increasingly detected in MRI with a high magnetic field strength (≥ 3 Tesla) and wavelength in dimension or smaller than the phantom used [2]. Standing waves inhibit precise artifact measurements due to strong inhomogeneities of the background signal. Different solutions are provided in literature for considering this problem for example changing the transmitter voltage [4], the phantom dimensions or using a multi-transmit coil. Our aim in this study was decreasing the electrical conductivity of the phantom liquid. Therefore it was investigated, if artifact analysis is providing the same dimensional results with a non-conductive mineral oil (ExxonMobile, Houston, USA) compared to the conductive standardized CuSO4 at 3 Tesla.


INTRODUCTION Many state governments in the United States have begun to embrace open data as a way to encourage transparency and accountability, increase public participation, and promote economic growth. "Open data" refers to data that is made freely available without restrictions.1 States publish data sets on a wide variety of topics, such as education, health care, and public safety. By releasing open data, government agencies can foster data-driven innovation not only within government, but also among private-sector organizations and individuals who can make use of these data sets. The impact of releasing open data can be substantial. A 2013 McKinsey Global Institute report estimated that open data could add over $3 trillion annually in total value to the global economy.2 Yet for all of the evidence of economic and societal benefits from open data, states vary widely in the degree to which they have embraced the idea. This report provides a snapshot of state efforts to create open data policies and portals and ranks states on their progress.


Objective:The study is conducted to investigate the clinical significance of Bifid Triple Viable that was used to treat endotoxemia of Liver cirrhosis on the base of general therapy, and to observe the change of endotoxin in plasma during the treatment.Methods:60 hospitalizing patients with liver cirrhosis in the uncompensated period were included in present study.The patients satisfied the conditions were separated into two groups at random. One is control group,another is BTV group.The plasma was separated to detect endotoxin accurately by dynamic limulus lysate nephometric assay.Results:The level of endotoxin,in BTV group after therapy were higher than that before therapy, the differences were significant (p0.05);The differences of endotoxin before and after therapy in control group were not significant (p0.05);The level of endotoxin,AST and ALT in BTV group after therapy were higher than that in control group.The differences were significant compared correspondingly (p0.05).Conclusions:Applied Bifid Triple Viable to treat endotoxemia of Liver cirrhosis can sharply decrease the endotoxin level,and also can improve the liver function.All these effect are helpful and important and practicable for clinic using.


COVID-19 pandemic has changed and forced many parties, including individuals and business organizations, to alter their lifestyles, business patterns and working arrangement. Consequently, this situation cause majority of businesses to implement work from home (WFH) to the employees to ensure the business operations can operate continuously and sustainably. This study is conducted to explore the drivers that contributes to working from home preferences during covid-19 pandemic among engineers in manufacturing company. Specifically, this study examines the work environment, work-life balance, job satisfaction and performance, and work from home preferences. This study employed a purposive sampling technique with several inclusion criteria and was quantitative by using a survey involving 172 engineers in the manufacturing company. The study findings revealed that work environment and work-life balance significantly influence work from home preferences while job satisfaction and job performance are vice versa. This study also highlights the study implications, limitations, and possible future studies.


Brlek et al. (2008) studied smooth infinite words and established some results on letter frequency, recurrence, reversal and complementation for 2-letter alphabets having same parity. In this paper, we explore smooth infinite words over $n$-letter alphabet $\{a_1,a_2,...,a_n\}$, where $a_1 0 \text{ and }n$ is an even number, the generalized Kolakoski words are uniformly recurrent for the alphabet $\Sigma_n$ with the cyclic order; (4) the factor set of three times differentiable infinite words is not closed under any nonidentical permutation. Brlek et al.'s results are only the special cases of our corresponding results.


An algorithm for determining the level of effectiveness of health care institution. Identified areas of risk, in which there are clinics. With the help of discriminant analysis developed formulas evaluate the effectiveness of health care institutions on the basis of key performance indicators of medical institutions: the cost per visit, number of calls per year, the level of training of doctors, staffing positions by individuals, the mortality rate in the target area, as well as areas of risk, in which is the health care provider during the study period. Built scatterplot of canonical values for canonical roots, which shows the level of performance clinics. On the basis of the algorithm, proposed ranking table of the class definition of efficiency, to which the health care provider.


The volatile components of grains used for liquor-making were analyzed by headspace-solid phase micro-extraction method and simultaneous distillation extraction method.Different polarity and extraction fibers of different thickness were used in headspace-solid phase micro-extraction.Dichloromethane,diethyl ether or other organic solvent were used in simultaneous distillation extraction.GC/MS was used for qualitative detection of the extractives.The results showed that medium polarity and extraction fibers of medium thickness were the best choice,and dichloromethane as organic solvent was more suitable.The use of the above two methods could entirely realize the detection of the flavoring components of grains.


Ensuring an adequately sized dental workforce with the skills necessary to meet the needs of current and future patient populations is difficult. Educators, professional associations, policymakers, commissions, foundations, and others strive to balance these needs against the projected workforce


The super-high strength aluminum alloy is a kind of light quality structural materials used extensively in aircraft and aerospace industry.Compared with the product of foreign countries',the super-high strength aluminum alloy produced in our country has more surplus phase in the matrix,which influences the property of the alloy.And the most important problem lies in that the non-equilibrium so lidified constituent in the as-cast ingot can not dissolved into matrix sufficiently during homogenization heat treatment,it means that the heat treatment being adopted now is not satisfied to demanding.This research includes two contents:take 7A04 alloy which produced in a large amount as an example,the as-cast microstructure of the direct chill casting ingot,and the dissolve dynamic of the non-equilibrium solidified eutectic phase during the process of the homogenization heat treatment have been studied,and laid an experimental foundation to establish the best homogenization heat treatment schedule.


In order to study the superposition effect of physical explosion and chemical explosion shock wave of liquefied natural gas storage tank and obtain the distribution law of load and overpressure, this paper uses ANSYS/LSDYNA to establish the finite element model and conduct numerical simulation calculation. The results show that the overpressure decreases with the increase of the circumferential angle in the shock wave superimposed region. As the surface of the storage tank increases in the addition of shock waves, its explosive load decreases gradually as the rearward Angle increases. As the height increases, the explosive load decreases first, then increases and then decreases. The overpressure time history curve of each point on the cylindrical storage tank is affected by the superposition of shock wave, reflection and diffraction of superimposed shock wave, and the peak overpressure in front of the device is slightly higher than that in the rear.


This paper studies the efffect of channel errors on the transport and estimations of spatio-temporal events based on sensor observations monitoring a spatio-temporal process. It is observed that the quality of event estimation degrades considerably with channel fading. A new form of spatial diversity is proposed to mitigate the effect of channel fading at the sink. Dense deployment of sensor nodes and the underlying spatio-temporal nature of the observed phenomenon results in highly correlated observations in the spatial domain. The proposed algorithm exploits this feature, using supervised local function learning to achieve spatial diversity. Simulation results are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of this approach.


The production of biofuel from cellulosic residues can have both environmental and financial benefits. A particular benefit is that it can alleviate competition for land conventionally used for food and feed production. In this research, we investigate greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions associated with the production of ethanol, biomethane, limonene and digestate from citrus waste, a byproduct of the citrus processing industry. The study represents the first life cycle-based evaluations of citrus waste biorefineries. Two biorefinery configurations are studied—a large biorefinery that converts citrus waste into ethanol, biomethane, limonene and digestate, and a small biorefinery that converts citrus waste into biomethane, limonene and digestate. Ethanol is assumed to be used as E85, displacing gasoline as a light-duty vehicle fuel; biomethane displaces natural gas for electricity generation, limonene displaces acetone in solvents, and digestate from the anaerobic digestion process displaces synthetic fertilizer. System expansion and two allocation methods (energy, market value) are considered to determine emissions of co-products. Considerable GHG reductions would be achieved by producing and utilizing the citrus waste-based products in place of the petroleum-based or other non-renewable products. For the large biorefinery, ethanol used as E85 in light-duty vehicles results in a 134% reduction in GHG emissions compared to gasoline-fueled vehicles when applying a system expansion approach. For the small biorefinery, when electricity is generated from biomethane rather than natural gas, GHG emissions are reduced by 77% when applying system expansion. The life cycle GHG emissions vary substantially depending upon biomethane leakage rate, feedstock GHG emissions and the method to determine emissions assigned to co-products. Among the process design parameters, the biomethane leakage rate is critical, and the ethanol produced in the large biorefinery would not meet EISA's requirements for cellulosic biofuel if the leakage rate is higher than 9.7%. For the small biorefinery, there are no GHG emission benefits in the production of biomethane if the leakage rate is higher than 11.5%. Compared to system expansion, the use of energy and market value allocation methods generally results in higher estimates of GHG emissions for the primary biorefinery products (i.e., smaller reductions in emissions compared to reference systems).


In 1995 we presented the results of a citation analysis of the five major hospitality management education journals: Cornell Hotel and Restaurant Administration Quarterly, FIU Hospitality Review, Journal of Hospitality Management, Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Education, Journal of Hospitality Research. This citation analysis covered published articles in these journals for the years 1989–1993. In 1997 we presented an update of that information and included articles published in the same journals from 1989–1996. In this article we present a further update, based on articles published in the five journals noted above for a ten-year period, 1989–1999.


The production of roses in Ecuador constitutes the fourth economic line, after the petroleum, shrimp and banana tree, given by the favorable climatic conditions that allow the production of flowers during the whole year. The Agriful Company from its foundation in 1998 is devoted to the production and commercialization of fresh flowers, with a technology of monocultive of roses in hothouse and the use of fertilizers and chemical pesticides. This has brought I get a negative environmental impact. With the purpose of to contribute to the diversification and to make friendlier environmentally the production of roses, an agroecological proposal is structured that outlines alternative of use of organic products as worm humus, compost, efficient microorganisms and vegetable extracts. For a bigger use of the floor policultive variants and association settle down with Allium sativum (I age), Brassica oleracea (cabbage), Lycopersicumesculentum (tomato) and Capsicum frutescens (pepper), in the Agriful Company, Ecuador.


Belief Revision and Verisimilitude Mark Ryan Department of Mathematics Instituto Superior T ecnico Av. Rovisco Pais 1096 Lisbon Codex Portugal firstname.lastname@example.com Pierre-Yves Schobbens Institut d'Informatique Fac. Univ. Notre-Dame de la Paix Rue Grandgagnage 21 5000 Namur Belgium firstname.lastname@example.com Abstract. The Egli-Milner power-ordering is used to de ne verisimilitude orderings on theories from preference orderings on models. The e ects of the de nitions on constraints such as stopperedness and soundness are explored. Orderings on theories are seen to contain more information than orderings on models. Belief revision is de ned in terms of both types of orderings, and conditions are given which make the two notions coincide.


Experimental performance of an algorithm often has a big gap from its theoretical complexity analysis. It is necessary to understand the characteristics of the experimental performances of different algorithms for the same problem to select an appropriate algorithm depending on available computing resources and properties of input data. In this paper, we present AOBA, an integrated online platform for testing, evaluating, analyzing and comparing different algorithms for various types of string processing problems. New algorithms can be submitted to AOBA and will be evaluated with many test data. All experiments work on the web: everyone can use AOBA without any local environment for experiments. AOBA also includes a powerful in-browser visualizer for analyzing and comparing performances of algorithms.


Progesterone-17α-hydroxylase (CYP17A) could transform progesterone to 17α-hydroxyprogesterone (17-HP). The main limitation of 17-HP biological production is the lack of CYP17A or the low activity of existing enzymes. A novel CYP17A1...


Effects of ouabain on contractile force responses to norepinephrine at 37° and 27°C, and on responses to isoproterenol and aminophylline at 27°, were examined in isolated guinea-pig heart preparations. Norepinephrine only increased contractile force of isolated, perfused guinea-pig hearts both before and during administration of ouabain at 37°. At 27°, norepinephrine evoked a triphasic contractile force pattern characterized by an initial, brief increase, a transient decrease and subsequent prolonged increase in force. In the presence of ouabain at 27°, norepinephrine only decreased contractile force, but after ouabain was removed from the perfusion fluid norepinephrine again evoked the triphasic pattern. When isolated strips of right ventricle were employed, ouabain had no significant effect on the contractile response to norepinephrine at 37°. Norepinephrine did not cause a triphasic force pattern in the ventricle strip at 27°, but norepinephrine in the presence of ouabain at 27° only decreased force. Positive inotropic responses to isoproterenol and aminophylline were also blocked by ouabain at 27°. The positive inotropic responses to norepinephrine, isoproterenol and aminophylline were all restored after removing ouabain from the muscle bath. Ouabain blocked the positive inotropic response to norepinephrine in dog ventricle strips at 28°.


The use of genetic algorithms, genetic programming and hybrid methods of both to induce fuzzy classifiers is quite common. In this work we propose to use some elements of genetic programming to implement a version of the simulated annealing algorithm that can be used to search for the minimum of a function defined over the chains of a contextfree grammar, and we apply this method to derive a fuzzy rule-based, descriptive classification system with good numerical properties. Simulated annealing and genetic programming are compared over some datasets and the results are discussed.


The underground powerhouse of Goupitan Hydropower Station in Wu River is located in limestone rock area,where the geological condition is very complex,and many main geological problems such as karst,NW and NWW-trending rupture,intercalated sliding,weak interbed,weak rock are existed.The authors systematically analyzed these problems on the basis of the abundant reconnaissance production which was acquired in the past 40 years,and educed important conclusion which was in consistence with the former reconnaissance results after the construction geology validation.


Aim: To quantitatively assess the efficacy of reducing the bacterial load in the root canals of primary molars using K hand files and two NiTi rotary filing systemsKedo S Square and Kedo S Plus. Methodology: This study was a randomized clinical trial which comprised of 60 children with primary mandibular first and second molars requiring pulpectomy treatment. The samples were randomly allocated into three groups with 20 samples each; Group 1: K hand files, Group 2: Kedo S Square NiTi Rotary files, Group 3: Kedo S plus NiTi Rotary files. Mechanical preparation was done and samples were obtained before and after cleaning and shaping using absorbent paper points and transferred to a suitable agar media. The cultures were counted and the data was subjected to statistical analysis using the SPSS system (IBMSPSS Statistics, Version 20.0, Armonk, NY: IBM Corp). Kruskal wallis test was used to compare the mean microbial load of before and after filing values (Pre and Post) between the groups. The test used to compare the mean microbial load of pre and post values within the groups was done using Wilcoxon sign rank test. Results: In all the groups there was a statistical significant reduction of micro flora following mechanical instrumentation but Kedo S plus had a better potential of reducing the microflora in the canals when compared to Kedo Square and K hand files. Conclusion: Rotary filing systems are as efficient as conventional hand files in reducing bacterial load


Datapath is one of the most important components in high performance circuit designs, such as microprocessors, as it is used to manipulate all data. For better performance, a datapath is usually placed with high regularity and compactness. Although cell placement has been studied extensively, not much work addresses the optimization of datapaths which are often treated as big macros. In this paper, we propose a structure-aware placement algorithm that can exploit the regular structures of datapath circuits and meanwhile leverage effective techniques to achieve high quality and scalability. Our algorithm applies a nonlinear optimization for wirelength minimization and a sigmoid based density model for density control in datapath circuits. Compared with state-of-the-art works, our algorithm can achieve the best structure-aware placement results efficiently.


The article presents the scientific biography of L. E. Golubinin, the prominent therapist, prepared on the basis of publications' review and rich archive materials, including documents of the Central Historical Archive of Moscow (f.418) and personal archive of V. D. Shervinsky from the Department of History of Medicine of The Federal State Budget Scientific Institution "N. A. Semashko National Research Institute of Public Health". For the first time the role L. E. Golubinin played in organization of the scientific school of Shervinsky-Golubinin asd a largest therapeutic school in the Moscow University is revealed. Also a high moral level of the personality of L. E. Golubinin is presented.


Objective Using Conners Parent Symptom Questionnaire to investigate influencing factors of behavior problems among elementary school students in Kunming.Methods By using cluster sampling method,2 175 pupils' parents were asked to complete Conners Parent Symptom Questionnaire.Results Boys scored higher than girls in conduct problems,learning problems,impulse-hyperactivity and hyperactivity index(P0.01);Younger aged group and middle aged group had higher scores in impulse-hyperactivity and hyperactivity index than older aged group(P0.05);The children whose fathers had low education level had higher scores on conduct problems,learning problems,impulse-hyperactivity and hyperactivity index;Poor relationship between parents was the risk factor of all PSQ factors.Conclusion There are age and sex differences on prevalence of behavior problems among elementary school students in Kunming,and family environment also has obviously influences on the incidence of behavior problems.


The antibiotic sensitivity of non-specific strains of E. coli isolated from calves with diarrhoea was tested with 25 drugs. Only the nitrofurans, gentamicin, chloramphenicol, trimethroprim sulphadiazine and polymixin B were effective in vitro against E. coli more than 63% of the time.