In this paper, we study ruled surfaces in 3-dimensional Euclidean and Minkowski space in terms of their Gauss map. We obtain classification theorems for these type of surfaces whose Gauss map G satisfying G = f(G+C) for a constant vector C ∈ E and a smooth function f, where denotes the Cheng-Yau operator.


The principal aim of this chapter is to evaluate the urodynamic and clinical outcomes at 6 months follow-up in men with or without significant IPP ( > 5 mm) undergoing HoLEP for BOO. Eight-four patients underwent HoLEP between January 2018 and December 2021. Inclusion criteria: men aged 50–75 years with prostate size from 30 to 100 grams, peak urinary flow rate less than 15 ml/s, and a diagnosis of BOO. At 6-month follow-up, urodynamics data show a statistically significant reduction in PdetOpen and PdetQmax compared with baseline in both IPP and no IPP groups. Statistically significant differences were found in maximal urodynamic bladder capacity before and after the operations in both groups as also IPSS data, Qmax, Qave, PVR and IPSS total score at 6 months when compared with preoperative data. HoLEP is efficient in improving functional outcomes and obstructive symptoms regardless of the presence of IPP. Surgeons can expect better postoperative outcomes in terms of Qmax, Qave and IPSS total score in patients with significant IPP.


People's demands for a better environment have become increasingly strong, and the construction of ecological civilization has risen to the national level of strategic decision making. This paper studies the relationship between city ecological environment and labor mobility decision-making from the micro-individual perspective by matching the latest online resumes micro-big data with the ecological environment index data of 279 cities in China. By estimating a conditional logit model, we find that job seekers are more willing to move to the city with better ecological environment during the job transaction process. The heterogeneity results suggest that the higher the education level and the older the age is, the more sensitive the female are to the city' ecological environment when switching the workplace. Combined with empirical conclusions, this paper argues that the government in China can open a new way in the competition of labor resources through urban ecological civilization construction and reserve high-quality "fuel" for accelerating economic transformation and achieving high-quality development.


Objective To compare the education effects of different education models in prevention education of AIDS/STD,and to choose the best education models.Methods Eight hundred and eighty-seven students were randomly selected and distributed to three groups: expert lecture group,peer education group and self-education group.Results All the three education methods had significant effects(P0.01).Generally,The effects of peer education was the best the second was expert lecture and the last one was self-education and statistical significance was found between them(P0.05).The effects of all the three education methods had the same ranks among boy students and girl students as the above.Among girl students,peer education was obviously better than expert lecture and self-education(P0.05) but among boy students the three education methods had no statistical significance(P(0.05).) Conclusion The three education methods have significant educational effects,and peer education is better than expert lecture and self-education.


An integrated approach using remote sensing, geophysical,geomorphological and hydrogeological analysis can reveal the nature and direction of groundwater flow in river basins. An attempt haS been made to assess the behaviour of groundwater flow in both Lakhsmantirtha and Kabini river basins of Karnataka State, India. Both of these rivers are the notable tributaries of Cauvery basin existing over the Sargur Supracrustals, the typical crystalline aquifer complex of Southern Karnataka. The river Kabini rises from the Western Ghats at an elevation of about 2,140 metres in Wynad, Kerala state. This river is of 230 km in length, and 137 to 183 m. wide. It has a total catchment area of about 7,040 sq. km. The river Lakshmantirtha rises in .Brahmagiri Devari Hills of Western Ghats in South Kodagu district and it flows through a distance of about 130 km. It has a catchment area of about 1,690 Sq, Km. The annual discharge of the river at Unduvadi is 1,815 TMC. The sinousity characteristics of both the river courses have been analysed and compared. The study reveals that the major courses of the two rivers and their associated drainages are highly controlled by the prevailing structures and lineaments.
Lineament maps have been prepared using IRS-1B images of 1:50,000 scale. Topographical expression of the geological and structural features have been numerically analysed. Alignment of surface water tanks, drainage systems and topographic gradients have been observed along the directions of major lineaments. Intensive geophysical field checks including closely - spaced geoelectrical soundings have been conducted at all selected areas to find out the subsurface characteristics of lineaments as well as the subsurface water flow characteristics. Iso-resistivity maps of various AB/2 spacings have been prepared to study the depthwise behaviour of lineaments. Geoelectrical sections were prepared and analysed.
Using the long term water table data a grid deviation water table map has been prepared. The observations throw light on several important hydrologic significances including the one that the Lakshmantirtha basin acts as the recharge area to the Kabini basin. Pumping tests have been conducted at selected locations on and either sides of the lineaments. The results show that the wells which are located on the lineaments have a rapid recovery rate and their seepage face mostly exists along NW as well as NE directions. The wells, that are located away from the lineaments show a very low recouperation rate and gives a very low yield during non-monsoon period.
This study has given the conclusions that the lineaments of Sargur schist belts are productive zones and are capable of transfering water from north, Lakshmantirtha- basin to south Kabini basin. Lineaments over a Precambrian terrain play a dominant role on interbasin water transfer.


In The Race Card (2001), Tali Mendelberg claims that once the racial content of an implicit racial appeal has been exposed the appeal loses its ability to mobilize voters. In this paper, we investigate this claim by employing a survey experiment embedded in Amazon's Mechanical Turk in which respondents view Mitt Romney's "Right Choice" television ad on welfare and then read a short op-ed. The op-ed, written by a fictitious member of Congress whose partisanship was systematically varied, argues that the Romney ad (1) is racist or (2) has no racial undertones. In line with Mendelberg's predictions, we find that – regardless of the partisanship of the elite in question – exposure to an op-ed that denounces the Romney welfare advertisement as racist leads white Democrats and Republicans to more strongly perceive the advertisement as racist and express greater opposition to Romney's campaign. Our findings contribute to the literatures on racial priming and partisan motivated reasoning, and also make a strong case for further evaluating the influence of political leadership on racial attitudes.


Abstract : A methodology is presented for modeling large truss-type structures based on the concept of equivalent continuum. The equivalent effective elastic and dynamic properties of the continuum model in terms of the material and geometric properties of the truss are derived in a simple and straightforward manner. The accuracy of the model is demonstrated in a free vibration problem, when the results are compared to those obtained from the conventional finite element method. Both simply supported and free-free boundary conditions are considered. In addition, the assumptions made in obtaining the continuum solution are discussed. Numerical results clearly indicate the potential of this approach for modeling large repetitive truss-type structures. (Author)


Non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease is associated with obesity, diabetes, and insulin resistance. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of Saururus chinensis Baill on hepatic steatosis in obese diabetic db/db mice. Four‐week‐old male db/db mice were fed AIN‐93G diet or diet containing 0.5% ethanol extract of S. chinensis Baill for 6 weeks after one week of adaptation period. Liver lipids were extracted and the amounts of triglyceride were determined. Serum monocyte chemotactic protein‐1 (MCP‐1) levels and alanine amininotransferase (ALT) activities were measured. Body weight and food intake of the S. chinensis Baill group were not significantly different from those of the control group. Hepatic triglyceride levels of S. chinensis Baill group were significantly lower than those of the control group (p<0.05). S. chinensis Baill significantly decreased serum MCP‐1 levels and ALT activities compared with the control group. These results indicate that S. chinensis Baill could alleviate hepatic steatosis in db/db mice. This research was supported by Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology (2009–0090780).


Abstract Age-0 (7–9-month-old) and age-1 (19–21-month-old) golden shiners Notemigonus crysoleucas were taken from ponds during the winter and held in tanks at 25 ± 2°C at a photoperiod of 15.5 h of light and 8.5 h of darkness for two trials (16 November–17 December and 24 January–10 March). Eggs and fry were produced by both age-0 and age-1 fish by the fourth week of the second trial. Spawning occurred 6–8 weeks before fish would normally spawn in the spring.


We have improved magnetic field sensitivities of poly-Si Hall devices by applying high voltages. We achieved the magnetic field sensitivity of 5.13 V/T by applying 580 V. This value is 1000 times higher than the previous magnetic field sensitivity.


The small‐signal theory of a harmonic gyrotron is presented for the case of axis‐encircling electron orbits. The beam current required for oscillation is found to be highly dependent on the electron energy. Gyrotron cavities operating on this principle at very high harmonic numbers (n≂10) and high frequency in weak magnetic fields are well matched to low‐current, moderate‐energy, rf‐accelerated electron beams (≂50 mA, ≂250 keV), resulting in compact submillimeter wave systems.


In this study, the distribution of lectin receptors in culutured fibroblast was explored using colloidal gold label complexed with lectin WGA purified from wheat germ (Triticum vulgare). The lectin WGA gold complex, shown to recognize GlcNAc (N-acetylgalactosamine) and NeuNAc (N-acetylneuraminic acid) regions, was applied to detect binding sites in Lowicryl HM 20 sections viewed under electron microscope Labeled sections of the culutured fibroblast revealed gold particles specifically distributed on the cytoplasm and cell surface of the fibroblast. Labeling of 24 hours culutured fibroblast was then quantified and compared to that of 72 hours culutured fibroblast. 24 hours culutured fibroblast sections resulted in specific gold particle distribution on the cytoplasmic vesicle of the culutured fibroblast. These results indicate that lectin WGA receptors are located in the cytoplasmic vesicle and cell surface of the 24 hours culutured fibroblast, and on the cell surface of the 72 hours culutured fibroblast. Therefore, the GlcNAc and NeuNAc regions on the cell surface appear to be functionally associated with cell-recognition and protection from other cell of the tissue, and linked with secretion and exocytosis of the fibroblast cytoplasm.


Background: Hemophagocytic Syndrome (HPS) is an uncommon disorder with
 high mortality. HPS is reported to be usually related to some underlying conditions;
 autoimmune (AI) and hematological malignancies (HM) are two main underlying
 conditions. Here, we attempted to determine the clinical characteristics/
 differences of HPS according to underlying conditions; AI vs. HM, based on our
 experience.
Methods: We studied all adult patients with HPS diagnosed at our institution from
 2005 to 2019. Demographic, clinical characteristics, laboratory findings, underlying
 disorders, hospital stay and prognosis variables were examined and related to the
 underlying conditions.
Results: A total of 30 patients (median age of 55 years and male/female of 14/16)
 met the inclusion criteria which we analyzed: HM: 12 (40%), AI: 10 (33%), and
 others: 8 (27%). HM group, compared with AI group, showed a significantly
 longer length hospital stay (HM vs. AI: 61.5 vs. 30.5 (median)), more severe
 thrombocytopenia, leukocytopenias, and neutropenia, and importantly, higher
 mortality (with overall mortality and HM-related HPS-mortality being 43.3% and
 66.7%, respectively). Contrarily, HM group, compared with AI group, showed less
 severe liver abnormalities (AST; 106 vs. 457 (median): ALT; 109 vs. 457 (median)).
Conclusion: The HM subgroup presented a greater mortality and a higher number
 and severe cytopenias but lower elevation of transaminases.


Subjects (19 high school students) worked on a modified DRH schedule by tapping on a telegraph key to reduce the intensity of a continuous acoustic stimulus. The stimuli were three pure tones (125, 1000, 8000 Hz) and a white noise presented diotically through earphones. Every 20 responses falling within 200 msec of each other produced a 1‐dB decrement in stimulus intensity. Failure to respond produced an intensity increase of 1 dB every 4 sec. One of the stimuli was chosen at random for each 10‐min session until four sessions had been completed with each stimulus. The starting intensity level was always 70–74 dB(A). The average intensity curve as a function of time stabilized after about 4 min. The asymptotic levels achieved after 7 min were taken as a measure of equal averseness for the stimuli. Equal averseness levels were compared with other subjective weighting contours: equal loudness level, dB(A), and perceived noise level. The equal aversiveness levels fell between dB(A) and the other contours.


It is well known that when eddies are small, the eddy fluxes can be directly related to the mean vertical gradients, the so-called flux-gradient relation, but such a relation becomes weaker the larger the coherent structures. Here, we show that this relation does not hold at heights relevant for wind energy applications. The flux–gradient relation assumes that the angle (β) between the vector of vertical flux of horizontal momentum and the vector of the mean vertical gradient of horizontal velocity is zero, i.e., these vectors are aligned. Our observations do not support this assumption, either onshore or offshore. Here, we present analyses of a misalignment between these vectors from a Doppler wind lidar observations and large-eddy simulations. We also use a real-time mesoscale model output for inter-comparison with the lidar-observed vertical profiles of wind speed, wind direction, momentum fluxes, and the angle between the horizontal velocity vector and the momentum flux vector up to 500 m, both offshore and onshore. The observations show this within the height range 100–500 m, β=−18∘ offshore and β=−12∘ onshore, on average. However, the large-eddy simulations show β≈0∘ both offshore and onshore. We show that observed and mesoscale-simulated vertical profiles of mean wind speed and momentum fluxes agree well; however, the mesoscale results significantly deviate from the wind-turning observations.


The population of Eastern Whip-poor-wills have been on the decline due to loss of habitat and food sparsity. In the Pine Hill section of the Bolton Flats WMA, an established Whip-poor-will habitat, much of the vegetation was burned in a fire. The goal of this project is to identify, characterize, and compare arthropod abundance between the burned and unburned sections as such a study has never been done before. We designated 5 sections in the burned area and 5 sections in the unburned area to be surveyed for arthropod abundance. We surveyed each site 6-7 times during various times of day and weather conditions. We then categorized each arthropod seen and compared the two sections. Our results demonstrated that the unburned sections of Bolton Flats WMA supported 2.2 times as many arthropods as the unburned section. Additionally, the unburned sections contain a greater number of caterpillars, beetles, and moths; which make up the Whip-poor-will diet.


Using results of Faltings ([Fl]), Debarre and Klassen ([DK]) showed that the set of algebraic points on Fp whose field of definition over Q has degree d ≤ p − 2 is finite. These points will be called low-degree points in the following. Debarre and Klassen asked whether all low-degree points on Fp lie on the line X + Y + Z = 0. Thanks to Wiles and Taylor–Wiles, we can now exclude any discussion of the case d = 1 in what follows. Thus, from now on, d ≥ 2. The question of Debarre–Klassen was affirmatively resolved by Gross and Rohrlich ([GR]) for p ≤ 11 and d ≤ (p− 1)/2, by Klassen and the author ([KT]) for p = 5 and d ≤ 3 and by the author ([T1]) for p = 7 and d ≤ 5. Note that the line X + Y +Z = 0 is the unique line in the projective plane P2 which is invariant under the evident action of the symmetric group S3 on P2. Note also that S3 is a subgroup of the automorphism group of Fp for each p. The following weaker version of the question of Debarre–Klassen can be formulated:


ABSTRACT This article aims to study the implications of bilingualism on literary celebrity with respect to having two sets of audiences that fall into two distinct categories in terms of linguistic hegemony: a nation/region-specific language and a global language. Using representation as a conceptual framework for both translation and celebrity, it aims to address such cross-cultural issues as pertaining to asymmetrical power relations. It offers as case study the bilingual official website of Elif Shafak, a novelist from Turkey with an international renown. The analysis reveals that addressing a dual audience can lead to the adoption of a double persona and, incidentally, a double standard that furthers unequal power relations on the global scale. Unlike the celebrity persona, which is the promoted face of the literary author and is structured for consumption, these personae are likely to be discernible only through critical analysis and to be operative in reproducing unequal power relations. Both the celebrity persona and the double persona would ultimately function to secure renown in accordance with global measures.


Introduction A scheduled round of activities allows hunter-gatherers to take advantage efficiently of the seasonal appearance of certain resources in often diverse geographical regions. At certain periods, human groups plan their mobility to coincide with anticipated seasonal abundance and the presence of resources that are optimally available. In this way, the group is able to maximize its subsistence strategy. Seasonality has been proposed as one of the most important aspects of site settlement patterning and its assessment is vital in elucidating site-function and developing an integrated view of prehistoric social and behavioural structure. For several decades, the seasonal factor in archaeology, whilst being seen as a key variable in understanding huntergatherer behavioural complexity, was largely ignored. That was mainly due to the lack of expertise in decoding the seasonal information archived in archaeological remains. Several methods for the reconstruction of site seasonality are applicable in the wake of some significant developments in the field of archaeological science. The most comprehensive overview on these methods still remains that published by Monks (1981). He defined seasonality as the temporal concurrence of human activity with naturally occurring phenomena. His suggestion was that the most effective approach for delineating seasonality was to apply a range of methods: confidence in diagnosing the season or seasons of occupation increases if the results of more than one method are in agreement. In this chapter, we report the results of an investigation into the seasonality of a shell midden feature associated with Neanderthal occupation at the site of Vanguard Cave, Gibraltar and recently redated to c. 108,000 years ago using OSL techniques (Chapter 14). The archaeological assemblage consisted of a feature dominated by common mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis Lamarck, 1819). Some of the shells were analysed in order to (i) assess the seasonal nature of the midden deposit and to test the hypothesis that the assemblage represented a short-term episode; (ii) investigate Neanderthal coastal adaptation to understand the ways in which they exploited different resources; and (iii) use and compare the results of two independent but complementary analytical techniques (growth-ring analysis of shell rings coupled with limited oxygen isotope analysis) to add confidence to the results obtained. The study is one of the very few (also Emiliani et al. 1964; Stiner 1994) that deals with the seasonal factor of a Middle Palaeolithic site through the analysis of archaeomalacological material, and the only one (to our knowledge) to do so using growth-ring analysis. Archaeological considerations A number of scholars have posited differences between the subsistence adaptation of Neanderthals (Homo neanderthalensis) and anatomically modern humans (Homo sapiens sapiens). They suggest that moderns were seemingly able to exploit a wider spectrum of resources, a fact that apparently offered them a competitive advantage (O'Connell 2006, 50; but see Stewart 2004). By comparison, Neanderthals have often been considered to be top-level carnivores (Bocherens et al. 1991, 490; Richards et al. 2000, 7663), with an emphasis on animal hunting (Burke 2000; Marean and Kim 1998 inter alia) and scavenging (Binford 1985, 319; 1991, 113; Stiner 1994, 21, 257, 367; Brugal et al. 2006, 8), but unable to adapt and exploit diverse resources even when these are located in direct proximity. At the same time, theoretical models and archaeological data support the notion of a highly mobile strategy for Neanderthals (Gardeisen 1999, 1152; Patou-Mathis 2000, 393; Boyle 2000, 353; Münzel and Conard 2004, 225; Hockett and Haws 2005, 27; Gaudzinski 2006, 138). Unfortunately, however, seasonal evaluations of Neanderthal sites are extremely rare and mainly made through the study of faunal remains (e.g. Stiner 1994; Patou-Mathis 2000; Valensi and Psathi 2004), which often lacks precision. Nevertheless, some significant results have been obtained from various Mousterian sites. Work on the Levantine Mousterian, for instance, has focused on variations in size and density of lithic assemblages, site size and distribution, and other more direct techniques, particularly teeth cementum increment analyses, seasonality according to sex ratios and seasonal growth or reproductive conditions (Lieberman 1991; Speth and Tchernov 2001). In general, little can be concluded with confidence, although the overall consensus is that in Hayonim Cave the occupation had an ephemeral character whilst in Kebara hunting was mainly a winter and spring activity (Meignen et al. 2006, 156). Some faunal research undertaken on the French (Brugal and David 1993; Valensi 2000) and Spanish (late) Middle Palaeolithic (Pike-Tay et al. 1999) showed that animals were hunted during the cooler periods of the year and especially during autumn and winter. At Mezmaiskaya Cave in the North Caucasus, the alpine location probably implies a summer occupation (Baryshnikov et al. 1996) while in northern Germany, at the Salzgitter Lebenstedt site, reindeer were hunted during autumn by Middle Palaeolithic hominids (Gaudzinski and Roebroeks 2000). Given the few direct examples from this period demonstrating seasonal procurement strategies, any opportunity to sharpen the picture of Neanderthal resource exploitation and seasonal adaptation must be very attractive for the prehistorian.


Through the methods of literature document、investigation、interview、experimentation and analysis.This paper studied the culture of Students' Ability and Diathesis in Aerobics Specialized Course in our PE InstituteDept,the results illustrated: during aerobics specialized teaching,we appended content of ability culture,thus solved the problem of separation between teaching and learning fundamentally.The content and pathway of ability culture were full of innovation and provided manyquotable experiences for our Aerobics Specialized Course teaching in PE Institute Dept.


Two correlations are developed (for which there is precedent in the literature) interrelating the many process variables for adequate design of a flash stage. Both correlations are based on the Colburn factor, jm, for mass transfer. These correlations were determined from experimental data obtained from American Machine and Foundry Co. (AMF) in Connecticut and another model by Baldwin-Lima Hamilton (BLH) in Wrightsville Beach, North Carolina.


Because of the particular period when it was constructed, some parts of Civil Procedural Law are not consistent with the modern procedural principles. Besides this, the number of the items is too short, and they could not be executed properly. So the valid Civil Procedural Law should be amended in time. This paper discusses the guidelines and structure of the amendment, and then brings forward several important procedures that should be reconstructed.


Selenium-based layered materials, and in particular transition-metal diselenides (TMDSs), have intriguing properties in the monolayer limit. Materials such as MoSe 2 " role="presentation"> 2 2 _{2} , WSe 2 " role="presentation"> 2 2 _{2} , and NbSe 2 " role="presentation"> 2 2 _{2} display striking features such as spin-valley coupling at the valence-band edges and offer great potential for optoelectronics applications. Although a dozen of other TMDSs have been realized or proposed, whether two-dimensional chalcogens are possible or not is still an open challenge. In this work, we show the chemical vapor transport synthesis of a novel, atomically thin selenium-based material on oxidized silicon substrates. This new member of the two-dimensional materials family has a unique Raman spectrum similar to that of bulk selenium and has an optical gap of ∼ " role="presentation"> ∼ ∼ \sim 1.57 eV at room temperature determined by the photoluminescence. No transition metals are found in the stoichiometry of the crystals. Analysis of high-resolution transmission electron micrographs of the monolayers reveals a distinctive set of hexagonal spots indicating a sixfold symmetry of the lattice. Atomic force microscopy measurements show the monolayer thickness to be ∼ " role="presentation"> ∼ ∼ \sim 0.75 nm.


This brief introduces a new design methodology for impact angle control guidance (IACG) laws. The proposed methodology can extend any proven homing guidance laws to their impact angle control versions if the expressions of the estimated terminal flight path angles under those guidance laws are given. The time derivatives of the estimated terminal flight path angles are obtained as functions of the guidance commands. The IACG versions of the homing guidance laws are derived from those functions and the desired error dynamics of the estimated terminal flight path angle. The guidance law of each IACG version has two terms: the first term maintains the characteristics and capturability of the original guidance law and the second term drives the estimated terminal flight path angle to converge to the specified flight path angle. When a well-understood homing guidance law for a certain combination of target and missile models is given, an IACG law for that combination is easily derived without reformulating the guidance problem again. The usefulness of the proposed method is demonstrated by several examples, deriving new IACG laws for various target and missile models.


This paper analyzes on the opportunities and challenges of rural credit cooperatives on the background of the construction of the new countryside, sums up the problems existing in rural credit cooperatives at present, and advances some ideas of the reform of rural credit cooperatives.


Objective To assess the inhibition of cordycepin on human pancreatic cancer cell BxPc3 and BxPc3-LN5, which is a high metastatic potential cell line from BxPc3 cell. To discuss the theory of feasibility of the clinical chemotherapy in pancreatic cancer by cordycepin. Methods MTT assay was used to examine the cordycepin-induced growth inhibition in human pancreatic cancer cell BxPc3 and BxPc3-LN5. Results The growth inhibition effect of cordycepin was both obvious on human pancreatic cancer cell BxPc3 and BxPc3-LN5. Conclusion The cytotoxicity of cordycepin on cell BxPc3 and cell BxPc3-LN5 was dosage and time dependent within a certain range.


Background of study: Treatment for head and neck cancer (HNC) may result in a variety of long-term consequences that might impair health-related quality of life (HRQOL). The aim of this study was to systematically review recent literatures on the quality of life HNC patients with a focus on physical and psychological issues and changes in the literature from the previous studies.
Methods: A systematic literature search was completed in PubMed, Medline, Science Direct, CINAHL and Google Scholar by means of combined search terms 'head and neck cancer', 'quality of life', 'health related quality of life' and 'association between quality of life and head and cancer'. The review was restricted to full articles published in English, bio-medical journals (2000 to 2016). Only studies analyzed QOL using questionnaires European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) QLQ C 30 and EORTC QLQ H and N 35 were included. Studies related to validation of the questionnaire and purely psychological studies were excluded.
Results: The initial search yield 7050 original articles of which access to QOL of treatable HNC using EORTC questionnaire was 116. After considering the predetermined criteria, remaining 11 articles were included. These selected studies have revealed the enormous impact of HNC on survivors' QOL. Although the global QOL of HNC cancer survivors recovered after treatment, problems with physical and psychological functioning may persist.
Conclusion: A Further high-quality study was required to develop appropriate and effective interventions in this population and develop programs that are aimed at maximizing rehabilitation outcomes.


Sooty blotch and flyspeck (SBFS) is a disease complex caused by nearly 80 fungal species that blemish the surface of apple fruit, reducing crop value in humid regions worldwide. The severity of SBFS is a concern for apple producers in northeastern Turkey. However, the composition of the SBFS complex in Turkey is unknown. Therefore, the first objective of my research was to isolate and characterize the species assemblage from SBFS infected apples collected in 2008 from the Rize Province, in Turkey. In this study, pressed SBFS colonies with subtending apple cuticle were shipped to Iowa State University for isolation. The internal transcriber spacer (ITS) ribosomal DNA and a portion of the 28S large subunit region (LSU) were compared to previously identified fungi using parsimony analysis. Twelve species were delineated based on parsimony analysis of ITS sequences and morphology. A newly discovered and described species from the survey was Scleroramularia abundans; newly discovered putative species included Zygophiala sp. FS3.3, Stomiopeltis spp. RS7.1 and RS7.2, and Chaetothyriales sp. F1. Previously recovered putative species included Zygophiala sp. FS6 and Stomiopeltis sp. RS4.1. Previously discovered and named SBFS species included Schizothyrium pomi, Zygophiala wisconsinensis, Microcyclosporella mali, Microcyclospora tardicrescens, and Peltaster fructicola. Based on parsimony analysis of the LSU, one species was placed in the subclass Chaetothyriomycetidae and 11 species were placed in subclass Dothideomycetidae. Ten species were placed in the order Capnodiales. This study provided the first documented description of the composition


Converting a low-value material into valuable industrial products with particular appeal to rice-growing, developing countries is on benefit of rice hull cement. Dr. Mehta describes another that he considers qually important. "Every 5 tons of milled rice produces 1 ton of hulls. This presents a staggering disposal problem in all rice-producing countries, since worldwide yearly rice harvest exceeds 300 million metric tons. "About half of the 60 million ton hull stockpile is used as animal feed, fuel, and poultry and livestock beding, but the remaining tonnage largely has been field burned, a process which pollutes the air and many cause serious lung diseases, such as silicosis."


Objective:  to identify the knowledge that undergraduate nursing students have about human papillomavirus vaccine.  Methods:  field research, descriptive, cross-sectional. Sample composed of 100 undergraduate nursing students of a private university, with use of a questionnaire. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics.  Results:  among participants, 98.0% reported that they knew the human papillomavirus vaccine, 65.0% recognized the types of viruses against which the vaccine gives protection, and 51.0% had knowledge about the age group that is targeted to receive the vaccine in the public healthcare network. As for the features of the administration of the vaccine, such as dosage, route of administration, contraindications and adverse events, a level of knowledge below 60.0% was observed. Conclusion:  insufficient knowledge on the human papillomavirus vaccine was found among the students participating in the present study and this stresses the need to give more attention to the discussion about the prevention of cervical cancer during the training of future nurses.


An interactive electronic document presentation device for displaying an electronic document is described. The device comprises: a display for displaying a displayable content portion of the electronic document; at least one navigation control for controlling viewing of the displayable content portion; and a content assimilation module for eliciting user feedback regarding the displayable content portion, wherein the content assimilation module comprises: an active element detector for detecting user interaction with an active element within a currently displayed content portion, the active element having being previously embedded within the electronic document;a question presentation module for presenting a question to the user regarding the displayed content portion, the question requiring a data input response from the user; and a comparator for comparing a received data input response to the question with a predetermined correct answer; wherein the content assimilation module is arranged to disable the at least one navigation control on detection of user interaction with the active element; and the device further comprises an implementation module for releasing a further portion of content of the electronic document in response to receiving a correct answer in the data input response.


In the first half of 16th century, the "art of history" referred to treatises on the writing of history. Precedents for such works may be found both in antiquity, and in the middle ages. In the later half 16th century French scholars focused on the "method of history" and emphasized the art of reading. In the investigation of the method of comprehending history, French scholars developed the method of the historical criticism and combined law with history, and thus transformed finally the historical method of law into the method of history. They made great contributions to the modern historical scholarship.


Progress in Magnetically induced SuperResolution since first reported in 1991 is reviewed. Recording on the disk by front aperture detection (FAD) was achieved for a bit length of 0.27 μm both by light intensity modulation and by magnetic field modulation. Since rear aperture detection (RAD) has the advantage of reducing crosstalk, the RAD type has the promise of realizing the huge capacity MO disk. RAD by a small initializing field and RAD by magneto-static coupling are expected to allow track pitches as narrow as 0.7 μm and bit lengths the same as achieved by FAD.


Abstract A similar proportion of herds in the Wellington-Hawke's Bay (W.H.B.) and the Taranaki (Tar.) Herd Improvement Associations (H.I.A.) used A.B. in the 1971 season (53% v. 50%). In both Associations the proportion of herds which used A.B. increased with increasing herd size. A higher proportion of cows in these herds were reported in calf to A.B. in the W.H.B.H.I.A. (63% v. 52%) because herd owners submitted a higher proportion of their herd for insemination (78% v. 68%) and used A.B. for a longer period (51 days v. 36 days). In the Tar. H.I.A. 29.3% of the A.B. users with 100 to 149 cows used the service for only 4 weeks or less, whereas the comparable figure in the W.H.B.H.I.A. was 4.1%. The effects of these two differences were slightly offset by a lower conception rate (C.R.) in the W.H.B.H.I.A. (62.4% v. 68.3%), but this lower C.R. was partly due to the negative correlations found between C.R. and the proportion of the herd submitted for insemination and between C.R. and the period of A.B. usag...


In examining the process of biological development of bone in connection with the question of bone grafts, the author found that under the supra-cartilage there are absolutely no cells that would be similar to osteoblasts, and the latter, in turn, are completely unlike cartilage cells.


Commercially available permanent magnets have been incorporated in a compact and inexpensive structure providing both field sweep and modulation suitable for electron spin resonance at microwave frequencies.


Based on the identification of large-scale concrete,the paper analyzes the reasons for the large-scale concrete cracks,points out the respective crack controlling measures,and proves the feasibility of the adopted measures according to the engineering examples.


University of Minnesota Ph.D. dissertation. November 2010. Major: Education, Curriculum and Instruction. Advisors: Aaron Doering and Charles Miller. 1 computer file (PDF); vii, 111 pages, appendices A-B. Ill. (some col.)


Abstract Developments of tetraphenylene chemistry in our laboratories (Shanghai and Hong Kong) since 2009 are summarized. The properties and new applications of the structurally unique tetraphenylene derivatives are described in the context of helical macrocycles, asymmetric catalysis, host–guest chemistry, and liquid crystalline molecules. Some future challenges in this field are also presented. 1 Introduction 2 Structure and Properties of Tetraphenylenes 3 Tetraphenylenes and Helical Macrocycles 4 Tetraphenylenes and Asymmetric Catalysis 5 Tetraphenylenes and Host–Guest Chemistry 6 Tetraphenylenes and Liquid Crystalline Molecules 7 Conclusion and Perspectives


their difficulties with religion. College students should recognize something of themselves in this. His experience on the board of Call to Action is evident in his description of Catholicism's need for reform and resistance to it. The frankness with which he raises these issues is refreshing, but his generalizations do not indicate the complexity of the questions or the existence of defensible alternative accounts. Chapter 3 lays out a very general understanding of the experiential base of religion. It gleans insights primarily from Eliade, Jung, and Campbell. It is more impressionistic than tightly argued. That is all many readers require or are willing to entertain, but others will find the appeal to experience unpersuasive and even problematic in itself. Part 2 seeks access to key experiences embodied in tradition. Jesus, the heart of the tradition, is described in terms of the three "macro-stories" of bondage and liberation, exile and return, and sin and reconciliation. The portrait of the historical Jesus draws particularly on Crossan's revolutionary peasant and Borg's spirit person and subversive sage. In affirming the Resurrection Ludwig appeals to theologians like Francis Schiissler Fiorenza, Michael Cook, and John Shea. He presents grace as the heart of Catholic spirituality and in more or less Rahnerian terms as God's self-communication. In very broad strokes he sketches a narrative from St. Paul, through Aquinas, the Middle Ages, and Trent to de Lubac and Rahner, noting along the way some parallels with Buddhist spirituality. He underscores the need to move away from the notion of grace as something "brokered." The chapter on sacramental community draws on Rahner, Schillebeeckx, and Guzie among others, and emphasizes the notion of church as faith community rather than juridical authority. He sees it most effective at the local level and embodied in base communities. The final chapter in this section focuses on the commitment to personal and social liberation entailed in Catholic social teaching. Part 3 explores recent shifts in the understanding of the universe and of our role in it. Appealing to thinkers like Thomas Berry and Sallie McFague, he argues for a new vision of Catholicism that is "green and cosmic."


Passenger safety under dynamic crash loading is of key importance in modern aerospace vehicle design. In particular, crash-landings on water, commonly known as 'ditching', are a complex event to understand and account for in structural


The main scope of the paper is the implementation of future scenarios in the Lower Danube basin, supporting the development of River Basin Management Plans and future environmental policies. The 800 000 km2 Danube River Basin extends across 19 countries, of which 14 are contracting parties of the ICPDR. The Lower Danube is occupied mostly by Romania, including the Danube Delta. The Danube Delta hydrological complex covers 5800 km2 comprising over 300 lakes, three main branches and a vast network of channels. Changes impacting significant ecosystem services such as recreation, fishing, flows, ecotourism, flood regulation, navigation and reed/wood resources have to be evaluated and the quantification of those elements must be performed in order to incorporate them into the modelling process.


Thermal design verification of large deployable reflectors was estimated by using flight data. The temperatures were recorded from ETS-VI, which was launched on August 28, 1994 using H-II vehicle. The reflector surfaces were coated with white paint which had low absorptivity 0.23 at begin of life (BOL) as well as high emissivity 0.87 at BOL. The back structure of the surface was covered with multi-layer insulation (MLI) blankets to shield the solar energy to the trusses. The maximum and minimum temperatures of the large reflectors were fell within the allowable temperature range. The analysis results obtained by a mathematical model agreed well with the flight data. The maximum temperature difference in the surface of the reflector using the analysis model was also evaluated within the allowable temperature.


The stationary testing apparatus was used to measure the pH value and the theoretical mass concentration ratio C/N of COD and NO-x-N(including NO-3-N and NO-2-N) at a temperature of 35±0.1℃.Using the parameters from stationary testing,the dynamic testing apparatus was run at a temperature around 35℃.The influence of the mass concentration of NO-2N on the biodegrading properties of the nitrobenzene and the practical operation effectiveness of denitrifying the nitrobenzene wastewater were studied.The results showed that the effective removal of anoxic denitrification was not significantly affected by the pH value and the mass concentration of NO-2-N.Nitrobenzene in the wastewater could biodegrade effectively when the nitrobenzene concentration was not more than 60 mg/L and the C/N ratio was about 0.23.


In Jiangsu and Zhejiang Provinces during the Ming Dynasty under HONG Wu's rule,the landlord class had an unfortunate fate,in humble political positions,bearing a heavy economic burden,repeatedly getting suppressed and seldom having a good end.However,their literate descendents were still active on the political stage in the early Ming Dynasty by the way of attending imperial examinations,being recommended to government offices or by studying.


We present an alternative and simpler derivation of the equation of state of the Van der Waals type for a one‐dimensional lattice gas model where the pair interaction between the molecules is the Kac potential in the Van der Waals limit. The treatment is based on the existing analogy between the Ornstein‐Zernike equation and the lattice Green's function equation governing a random walk on a lattice. The Maxwell equal‐area construct follows from two simple assumptions regarding a particle performing a random walk in a two‐phase system.


Java is a programming language created by Sun Microsystems to support extensive software distribution. In order to run Java applications on any computer, a software-based machine, known as Java Virtual Machine (JVM), should be installed on these computers. Memory requirements used by an standard JVM running on an Operating System (OS) like Windows, Linux or MAC could vary depending on its configuration, but standard Random Access Memory (RAM) requirements range between 2 and 64 megabytes. The main aim of this project is to develop a JVM which could be executed in microcontrollers with some lacking RAM capacity. For this project, this limitation means devices based on RAM capacity around 1 kilobyte. Oracle Corporation already defines an standard collection of methods to write Java applications for desktops and servers. These set of tools are packaged in a Java Application Programming Interface (API). Then, this project starts the definition and development of an API to create general purpose Java applications for microcontroller devices. It should provide access to microcontroller resources like Ports, Timers, Serial Ports, etc. Implementation of a JVM and a Java API able to work on microcontrollers with limited RAM resources allows to implement Java applications which could run on each device executing this JVM, without the obligation to make any change in the original Java application. However, the Virtual Machine should be slightly adapted to each device. During this project, JVM has been adapted only to Microchip PIC18F4520 and PIC18F46K22. The JVM can be analysed in terms of performance, power or memory consumption, etc. This document only shows an study of it in terms of accuracy. This analysis has been done by making a comparison between results obtained from an application to measure resistive sensors, using microcontroller circuit interface, developed in C and Java programming languages. A unique Java application to measure resistive sensors has been tested successfully using PIC18F4520 and PIC18F46K22. Results obtained have been similar in both cases as expected. PIC18F4520 measurements have been compared with C code application also developed to work in this device, showing accurate values in both cases as well.


The redox properties of anthraquinone (AQ) may be used to model the behaviour of quinones in biological systems. AQ undergoes two successive one-electron reductions in aprotic solvents to form a stable radical anion (AQ.-) and a stable dianion (AQ2-) but this behaviour is altered in the presence of a proton donor. This advanced undergraduate experiment shows how cyclic voltammetry, digital simulations of cyclic voltammograms, and UV-visible spectroelectrochemistry may be used to examine the reduction behaviour of AQ in dimethylformamide (DMF), both in the absence and presence of benzoic acid.The cyclic voltammetry of AQ in DMF shows two reversible one-electron reductions. This allows the UV-visible spectra of AQ.- and of AQ2- to be determined using an optically transparent thin layer electrode (OTTLE) cell. AQH- may also be detected in the spectra if there are proton impurities. When benzoic acid is added to the DMF, the cyclic voltammograms are markedly altered with almost all the reduction occurring nea...


This research is giving a descriptive view on reformation process of accounting education in Russia after collapse of the Soviet Union through the lens of transnational governance and institutional theory. The research was conducted using inductive approach and qualitative research design. The interviews were used as a main research tool supplemented with secondary source analysis. Five semi-structured interviews were held with Russian university professors who took major part in accounting education reformation process. It was concluded that the main driving force behind Russia's conformance to international standards, like IFRS, IAS and Bologna system is strive to get legitimacy in the eyes of its counterparts. At the same time, local practices and standards in accounting and education are greatly shaped by the activities of other actors apart from nation-state, namely international and national organizations, as well as local professional groups, which through transnational collaboration gain governance over national standard setting.


The relationship between growing trade interdependence and the reduction of militarised inter-state conflict is one of the central theoretical tenets in neo-liberal institutionalism. This tenet, under various theoretical guises, is evaluated critically in this article. Using two illustrative examples, it is argued here that under certain specific conditions, trade interdependence is unlikely to occur and therefore the expected palliative effect of trade on militarised inter-state conflict cannot take place.


The present study aims to analyse the Consumer Expenditure Behaviour of Households in Rural Haryana and also investigate the relationship between household income and consumption expenditure. The secondary data, collected from the published reports of NSS 50th-68th round ranging from the period of 1993 to 2012, is used for estimating and analysing the specific objectives of the study. Statistical tools like regression and compound annual growth rate is used to analyse the results. Regression analysis is used to measure the relationship between household income and consumption expenditure in Haryana. Findings revealed that both rural and urban household percentage share of food expenditure is decreasing during the study period on the other hand non-food expenditure is increasing in both rural and urban household. The compound annual growth rate of food expenditure is greater in urban Haryana. But the compound growth rate of non-food expenditure is noticed greater in the rural Haryana. The regression outcome shows that there is a significant relationship between Household Consumption Expenditure and Household Income in Haryana.


The issue of formulating an Ergun-like equation that applies to dynamic beds previously considered in Tupper et al. (2013) is revisited. Using new high quality positron emission particle tracking data, the volume and time averaged kinematic distributions of the granular (glass beads) and slurry (silica sand and water) mixture are computed. Incorporating these measured ingredients into the model then reveals that turbulence is not described by the usual effective viscosity, but nonetheless is negligible such that the new "Inertial Cell Equation" is first order in spatial derivatives. © 2015 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2015


Spline surfaces can be formed at will. They are always twice continuously dif-ferentiable, i. e. they have no jumps, bends or ripples. In the automobile industry they are used in the design of car bodies for the minimization of air resistance. In the field of optics splines are employed for the spectacle lens, Gradal HS. The form of the spline surface is defined by optical requirements. Splines have contributed to the successful reduction to a minimum of the unavoidable aberrations present in progressive addition lenses and to the binocular equilibrium of the remaining aberrations. Conventional surface structures will be used as a comparison.


Previously, management of gestational diabetes (GDM) has focused largely on glycaemic control, with a view to reduce the occurrence of large‐for‐gestational‐age (LGA) infants. However, tight glycaemic control in GDM is associated with a higher incidence of small‐for‐gestational‐age (SGA) infants, which has been linked to higher rates of adverse outcomes.


We thank Dr Sanna et al for their interest in our review. The sentence to which they refer should have indeed read, "Cryptogenic Stroke and Underlying Atrial Fibrillation (CRYSTAL AF) followed a small number of patients out to 3 years; the rate of atrial fibrillation was 30% in …


Compressive sensing has opened up a new path to reconstruct images from a number of samples which is far smaller than the desired resolution of the images. A novel single pixel camera system has been developed based on this theory, and it can reconstruct images with a single optical sensing element. However, the development reminds challenge because the image recovery process is complex. For example, large amount of data is computed during the image recovery process and this make real-time processing of image become difficult. In order to improve the recovery speed, Orthogonal Matching Pursuit (OMP) algorithm for image recovery of compressive sensing are designed. However, the general OMP algorithm does not fit for digital signal processing (DSP) platform because it requires large memory allocation. In this paper, the modified OMP algorithm is introduced to improve calculation time with less memory requirement. The implementation of the algorithm on DSP device is presented and verified. Besides, the integration of the designed embedded hardware structure also increases the portability of the camera system.


This paper introduces a new methodology to classify data extracted from off-grid solar installations, based on the charge and discharge processes. Using data from a real installation, we propose to classify the daily behaviour of the energy harvesting according to characteristics extracted from the voltage and current curves of the installation. Five type situations have been established, in which the off-grid system charge can be summarized. This classification can help to better understand the state of the installations and classify the behaviour of the charging process to train more complex algorithms.


A beverage preparation machine, comprising: means for supplying heated liquid from the feed temperature to the temperature of the heater prepared beverage (1), in particular such as an embedded heater blocks heat and / or heat-storing structure; and a control unit ( 2), a control unit for controlling the supply of liquid and the heater such that the heater is energized in the beverage preparation process to achieve and maintain the operating temperature ( "RUN") for supplying the heated liquid to the beverage preparation temperature. The control unit is further arranged such that when the heater is energized to stop the beverage preparation and maintained at a reduced temperature ( "ECO").


An effective implementation of a Directed Acyclic Word Graph (DAWG) automaton is shown. A DAWG for a text $T$ is a minimal automaton that accepts all substrings of a text $T$, so it represents a complete index of the text. While all usual implementations of DAWG needed about 30 times larger storage space than was the size of the text, here we show an implementation that decreases this requirement down to four times the size of the text. The method uses a compression of DAWG elements, i. e. vertices, edges and labels. The construction time of this implementation is linear with respect to the size of the text, a search for a specific pattern is done in a linear time with respect to the size of the pattern. This implementation preserves both good properties of the DAWG automaton.


AbstractClimate-model simulations predict an intensification of extreme precipitation in almost all areas of the world under global warming. Local variations in the magnitude of this intensification are evident in these simulations, but most previous efforts to understand the factors responsible for the changes in extreme precipitation focused on zonal averages and neglected zonal variations, leading to uncertainties in the understanding and estimation of regional responses. Here the spatial heterogeneity of the warming-induced response of midlatitude extreme precipitation is studied in climate-model simulations with idealized orography on the western margins of otherwise flat continents. It is shown that the sensitivity of extreme precipitation to warming (i.e., its fractional rate of increase in intensity with global-mean surface temperature) is ~3% K−1 lower over the mountains than the oceans and plains. This difference in sensitivity is primarily produced by differences in the dynamics governing verti...


Nonblocking networks are always favored to be used as switching networks whenever possible. There are three types of nonblocking networks, namely rearrangeable nonblocking networks, wide-sense nonblocking networks, and strictly nonblocking networks. Large-scale wide-sense nonblocking networks and strictly nonblocking networks may be infeasible due to their high cost. In contrast, rearrangeable networks are more scalable because of their much lower cost. However, rearrangeable networks are not suitable for circuit switching. In this paper, we introduce the concept of virtual nonblockingness. We show that a virtual nonblocking network functions like a strictly or widesense nonblocking network, but it is constructed with the cost of a rearrangeable nonblocking network. Our results indicate that for large-scale circuit switching applications, we only need to build virtual nonblocking networks.


The process of the rule of socialist construction and the process of the formation of theoretical system of socialism with Chinese characteristics are different in respect to background,historic and realistic basis and theoretical foundation,as well as the detailed view of socialism.Therefore,the historic starting point of the theoretical system of socialism with Chinese characteristics was the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of CPC,and the logical starting point was the proposition and solution of"What is socialism?How to construct socialism."


We present a study of three techniques for generation of optical combs which can be used, in association with other modulation formats, in transmitters and receivers of highcapacity systems. Those comb generators produce a set of mutually orthogonal optical signals thus reducing the need for guard bands between channels and also making more efficient use of the available optical bandwidth. The following techniques are described in terms of their main features and system performance: i. cascade of Mach-Zehnder modulators; ii. recirculating frequency shifting; iii. discrete mode laser.


We examine the changes in financial reporting quality after the split share structure reform in China. The non-tradable shares of controlling shareholders were prohibited from trading before the reform, resulting in severe incentive misalignment and controlling shareholders' strong motivations to manipulate earnings. The reform removes this market friction by converting non-tradable shares into tradable shares, therefore aligns the interests of controlling and minority shareholders. We measure financial reporting quality based on five proxies including discretionary accrual, earnings smoothness, earnings persistence, value relevance, and conservatism. The empirical results show that firms' financial reporting quality increases significantly after the reform, especially for firms with weaker pre-reform corporate governance and non-SOEs. The findings imply that corporate governance causally affects firms' information environment, and shed light on the consequences of privatization in emerging markets.


Electricity transmission is subject to distribution losses and congestion costs. Economists have prior theorized that these transmission imperfections could create divided markets with electricity generating spatial oligopolists. This concern has been largely dismissed because of recent technological advances in electricity transmission. The effects of local technological and demographic indicators on electricity transmission costs remains both commonly accepted as negligible and spatially untested. This analysis employs a spatially lagged local estimation of New England's marginal electricity losses with respect to both technological and demographic indicators. The results of this analysis are consistent with the widely accepted notion that technological advances have mitigated the effect of local distribution losses and local congestion costs on electricity prices.


In this paper a human action recognition algorithm based on two-view of optical flow in multiple layers per camera employing the transform domain and 2DPCA is presented. This method explores more distinctive features between actions. It is not sensitive to translation, alignment and noise. In addition the use of 2DPCA maintains the spatial relation between pixels and increases the recognition accuracy. Experimental results performed on the Weizmann and IXMAS datasets confirm these excellent properties compared to recent reported methods.


longitudinally. To compliment these behavioral outputs, we addi-tionally performed Serial Two-Photon whole brain imaging and analysis of the distribution, size and density of A b -plaques in young and aged AD mice using the TissueCyte (cid:1) imaging platform. Re-sults: The present findings demonstrate increased aggressive behavior in aged APP/PS1 and TASD41 male mice compared to wild-type littermates. We also demonstrate pharmacological atten-uation of aggression in AD mice with acute administration of either antipsychotic (Risperidone) or anxiolytic (Busipirone). Using so-phisticated algorithm-based system, SmartCube (cid:1) , we were able to identify a phenotype effect and distinct behavioral changes in male AD mice as early as 5 months of age that progressed over time. In line with the behavioral data, our whole brain TissueCyte (cid:1) based analyses suggests that younger mice ( w 4-5 months) exhibit very sparse parenchymal plaques while aged mice ( > 7 months) show a clear progression in the number/size of plaques and display differential increases in regional plaque load number/size. Conclu-sions: In summary, we demonstrate clear aggressive behavior and pharmacological validation in aged, male mouse models of amyloidosis, with more advanced computer vision systems identifying distinctive behavioral patterns and discriminating the phenotype at early disease stages. Together with the region-specific progression of plaque densities, these models present a valuable tool for early intervention and improved assessment of potential therapeutic approaches for AD and in particular AD-induced aggression. Background: Two common etiologies for Young Onset Dementia (YOD) include Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Frontotemporal Dementia (FTD). YODs have a more varied clinical presentation compared to their elderly counterparts. This prospective study evaluated the relative usefulness of neuropsychological evaluation (NPA), Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and APOE genotyping against cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) amyloid beta-42 (A b 42), phosphor-tau and total-tau confirmed diagnosis of YOD. Methods: Patients < 65-years attending a tertiary neurology center who un-derwent CSF analyses were evaluated. Clinical diagnosis of AD or FTD was based on NIA-AA and Raskovsky's criteria respec-tively. Demographics, NPA, APOE, MRI and CSF data were collected. NPA evaluated episodic memory, executive function, language, visuospatial and attention domains; impairment was clas-sified based on locally validated norms. MRI scans were rated for medial temporal atrophy (MTA; Scheltens); frontotemporal atrophy (Kipps) and for white matter hyperintensity (Fazekas) by two experienced raters. A CSF total-tau/A b 42 ratio > 0.52 (Duits) was used as gold standard reference for an AD diagnosis. Positive predictivevalues (PPV) were calculated for NPA domains, MRI pa-rameters and APOE4 status. To evaluate usefulness of multimodal biomarkers in diagnosis of YOD, odds ratio (OR) were derived through logistic regression. Results: AD was clinically diagnosed in 42 and FTD in 14 patients with mean ages of 56.12 and 59.63 respectively. 66.7% of the ADs had a CSF profile consistent with AD pathology while 64.3% of the FTDs had a non-AD CSF profile. Background: Impaired mobility in older adults contribute to late-life disability and is associated cognitive and neurological impairments. Evidence suggests that cerebral small vessel ischemic disease nega-tively impacts mobility. Specifically, white matter lesions are associated with slow gait speed and falls. In addition, motor slowing appears to precede and may predict the onset of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, there is limited research investigating the specific role of AD pathology in the evolu-tion of impaired mobility. The objective of this study was to examine theassociationbetweencerebral beta-amyloiddepositionandmobility performance in older adults with MCI or dementia. Methods: Thirty-one participants with MCI or dementia completed an 11 C Pittsburgh compound B (PIB) position emission tomography (PET) scan to quan-tify global amyloid deposition. Magnetic resonance or computerized tomography images were used to rate white matter lesion load using the Fazekas scale. Mobility was assessed using the Timed Up and Go Test and usual gait speed. The TUGT measures the time it takes to stand up from an armchair, walk 3m, turn, walk back to the chair, and sit down. Usual gait speed was measured over 4m. Multiple linear regression analyses examined the relationship between amyloid deposition and mobility (i.e., TUGTand gait speed), adjusting for age, Fazekas score, and body mass index. Results: Higher PIB retention was significantly associated with slower gait speed (R 2 change ¼ 0.17, b ¼ -0.49, p ¼ 0.02) and longer time to complete the TUGT (R 2 change ¼ 0.13, b ¼ 0.36, p ¼ 0.05), adjusting for age, body mass in-dex, and Fazekas score. Conclusions: Cerebral beta-amyloid deposition was associated with impaired mobility in older adults with MCI or dementia, independent of white matter lesion load. Background: Clinicopathological studies have demonstrated correla-tions between cognitive status and neurofibrillary tangle load (NFT), cerebrovascular disease (CVD), and TDP-43-associated gliosis in "pure "Alzheimer disease (AD). While quantitative NFT load (qNFT) has proved the best correlate, Braak tangle stage (BTS) re-mains the gold standard, despite many individuals with stage four NFT pathology having minimal to no objective cognitive deficits. We hypothesized that threshold modeling using a combination of pre-viously established pathology staging systems would perform better than BTS at discerning pre-mortem cognitive status in subjects with pure AD at autopsy. Methods: We selected all NACC-defined pure AD autopsy cases from the Alzheimer's Disease Research Center of the University of California, Irvine with available clinical data and post-mortem tissue (n ¼ 52). Global qNFT, perivascular space dilation, and gliosis with concurrent cell loss were quantified in relevant brain regions. We performed linear regressions against MMSE for BTS, qNFT, perivascular space dilation, and severity of cell loss/gliosis followed by multivariable regression with NFT, vascular, and gliosis pathology, prior to threshold modeling. We then performed logistic regression with ROC analysis against CDR, followed by ROC com-parisons with BTS as a gold-standard. Results: Linear Regressions against MMSE revealed the following significant correlations: qNFT controlling for age, sex, Plaque stage(p < 0.001, R2 ¼ 0.62), BTS with control variables Background: Patterns of neurofibrillary tangle density and distribution in cortical and limbic regions


The current economic and geopolitical environment means that board effectiveness must be increased. This will not be tackled by further structural and process improvement in board operations, but rather by addressing the key relationship issues that underpin decision making. These relationships are analysed from two related perspectives, based on both experience as a board member, and through coaching board members and facilitating their workshops. First, there is the range of 'hats' that board members wear. There are three of these: the individual; the expert; the corporate player. The article explores these hats, explaining each, showing the relationship among them, and what can be done to make them fit properly. Building on this analysis, the second dimension explores the relationship among the 'groups' within the board. Again, much has been written about the roles of the chair, chief executive, non-executives and executive directors. The article analyses the relationship between these individuals and ...


We study the canonical complexifications of non-compact Riemannian symmetric spaces G/K by the Grauert tube construction. We determine the maximal such complexification, a domain already constructed in another context by Akhiezer and Gindikin (Math. Ann., 1990), and show that this domain is Stein. We show there is an alternative for a G-invariant complexification: it is either "rigid" (its automorphism group is G), or it is a Hermmitian symmetric space. We also determine when invariant complexifications, especially the maximal one, are Hermitian symmetric. This is expressed simply in terms of the ranks of the symmetric spaces involved.


This research aims to find out the influence jointly or partially between Emotional Intellegence, Intellectual Intellegence and Spritual Intellegence to the performance of the Workers at the Badan Pengelolaan Pajak dan Retribusi Daerah Provinsi Sumatera Utara UPT Aek Kanopan. This research uses descriptive qualitative method using primary and secondary data. The population is the workers of the company. Fourty six workers become the sample of this research. Data analysis technique used is linear regression which shows that from the three independent variables applied to the regression model (Emotional Intellegence, Intellectual Intellegence and Spritual Intellegence). Emotional Intellegence is significant for 0,000 which can be concluded that Emotional Intellegence affects performance (hypothesis 1 accepted). Competantion has significant value 0,026 which can be concluded that competation affects performance (hypothesis 2 accepted). Spritual Intellegence variable has significant value 0,043 which means that Spritual Intellegence influences performance (hypothesis 3 accepted). Research results show that Emotional Intellegence, Intellectual Intellegence and Spritual Intellegence all positively influence the performance of the workers. It can be proven using the result of regression statistic test with probability value 0,000 obtained which is lower than α (α=0,05). So, it can be said that Emotional Intellegence, Intellectual Intellegence and Spritual Intellegence influence positively the performance of the workers. Thus, hypothesis 4 accepted.


Small pore sizes influence the mass transport in gas enhanced oil recovery (EOR) in tight formations through complex phenomena such as diffusion and sorption. However, conventional simulators use relatively simple models for diffusion and sorption that do not properly represent non-ideal fluid interactions at high pressures. This paper presents a newly developed simulator for advanced compositional modeling for tight formations. A case study highlights the impact of diffusion and sorption on compositional transport in tight porous media.
 The simulator uses multicomponent diffusion based on the dusty-gas model (DGM), which uses the fugacity gradient as the driving force. The adsorption model used is an approximate solution based on the Multicomponent Theory of Adsorption (MPTA) using the sorbed and bulk regions. The capillary pressure is included both in the flow equations and the flash calculations by minimizing the Helmholtz free energy using the Peng-Robinson equation of state at a fixed temperature, pore volume, and overall composition.
 The simulator is applied to model CO2 injection into a 1-D tight porous medium with a ternary mixture of methane, n-butane, and n-decane as the initial oil. Before CO2 injection, n-decane is most attracted to the pore wall and contained at a high concentration in the sorbed region. During CO2 injection, CO2 displaces n-decane from the pore wall, causing the counter-current transport of CO2 and n-decane.
 Simulation results also show that the mixing of reservoir oil with CO2 in small pores results in local pressure changes, which tend to drive both the diffusion and convection. In all cases, convection enhances multicomponent transport by dissipating these pressure changes. When CO2 is strongly attracted to the pore walls, a large pressure change on mixing accelerates the CO2 diffusion into the reservoir through the sorbed region and also the counter-current transport of oil components through the central region.


Fermi is a large space gamma-ray mission developed by NASA and the DOE with major contributions from France, Germany, Italy, Japan and Sweden. It was launched in June 2008 and has been performing flawlessly since then. The main instrument is the Large Area Telescope (LAT) operating in the 20 MeV to 300 GeV range and a smaller monitor instrument is the Gamma-ray Burst Monitor (GBM) operating in the 8 keV to 40 MeV range. New findings are occurring every week. Some of the key discoveries are: 1) Discovery of many new gamma-ray pulsars, including gamma-ray only and millisecond pulsars. 2) Detection of high energy gamma-ray emission from globular clusters, most likely due to summed emission from msec pulsars. 3) Discovery of delayed and extended high energy gamma-ray emission from short and long gamma-ray busts. 4) Detection of approximately 250 gamma-ray bursts per year with the GBM instrument. 5) Most accurate measurement of the cosmic ray electron spectrum between 30 GeV and 1 TeV, showing some excess above the conventional diffusion model. The talk will present the new discoveries and their implications.


The aim of the present research work is to elucidate the influence of various conditions on the spontaneous deposition of cerium conversion layers from solutions of diammonium pentanitrocerate (NH4)2Ce(NO3)5 on D16 AM clad alloy, via dip-coating, and to perform posterior comparative analysis on both the performance and features of the obtained coatings. Their characterizations are done by means of durability tests in a model corrosive medium, composed by 3.5% NaCl solution, combined by regular electrochemical measurements, and subsequent morphological characterizations. The former were executed by Electrochemical Impedance spectroscopy (EIS) coupled by Linear Sweep Voltammetry (LSV), whereas the latter were performed by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), combined by Energy Dispersive X-ray Analysis (EDX). As a result, the optimal conditions for deposition of cerium conversion layers via dip-coatings are determined.


The method of this invention is to relieve redness of the facial skin by at least one alpha adrenergic receptor agonist by applying an effective amount of the composition locally to the facial skin comprising the wrought of phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors raise ester (PDE5) It relates.


The number of abandonded wells are increasing in the late period of oilfield development. The utilization of these abandonded oil wells is promising and environment-friendly for geothermal development. In this study, a numerical model for geothermal heating is derived from a double pipe heat exchanger in abandoned oil wells. The main influencing factors of injection rate, injection time, and the types of filler in casing annulus on temperature profiles and outlet temperature have been considered in this model. The influences of injection rate on heat-mining rate are then discussed. Results show that the double pipe heat exchanger can gain higher temperature at the outlet when the casing annulus is filled by liquid other than dry cement under the given parameter combination. The outlet temperature decreases with the increase in injection rate and injection time. The temperature rapidly decreases in the first 40 days during the injection process. The balance between heat mining rate and outlet temperature is important for evaluating a double pipe heat exchanger in abandoned oil wells. This work may provide a useful tool for a field engineer to estimate the temperature of liquid in wellhead and evaluate the heat transfer efficiency for double pipe heat exchanger in abandoned oil wells. Cited as: Lin, Z., Liu, K., Liu, J., Geng, D., Ren, K., Zheng, Z. Numerical model for geothermal energy utilization from double pipe heat exchanger in abandoned oil wells. Advances in Geo-Energy Research, 2021, 5(2): 212-221, doi: 10.46690/ager.2021.02.10


Abstract. A bilinear filtered-x least mean square (BFXLMS) algorithm for nonlinear adaptive filters is proposed to suppress nonlinear distortions which occur in multichannel nonlinear active noise control (ANC) systems in this paper. The performance of the bilinear adaptive filter is evaluated in terms of convergence characteristics. Simulation results demonstrate that the BFXLMS algorithm is more effective in reducing nonlinear distortions in multichannel ANC systems than the linear filtered-x least mean square (FXLMS) and second-order Voltterra FXLMS (VFXLMS) algorithms.


Both the national and North Carolina teen birth rates are increasing for the first time in over a decade. Most of the statistics reported lump pregnant adolescents into a 15-19 year old age group, but the rate of increase can be primarily attributed to the older 18-19 year olds (―Reported Pregnancies,‖ 2007). While teen pregnancy prevention programs have been largely successful in continually lowering birth rates and pregnancy rates over the last 20 years (―NC Teen Pregnancy,‖ 2007), there is a gap or deficiency in pregnancy prevention programs and pregnancy support services offered at colleges and universities. This may be responsible for the recent increase in the number of pregnant adolescents attending college, and if left unchecked, could have significant financial implications for both the taxpayer and the pregnant young women. Pregnant adolescents often face birth complications, physical and psychological stress and financial hardships that jeopardize their health and pregnancy. Without adequate support services a pregnant teen often feels they have no choice but to abort their pregnancy or drop out of school. It is imperative that funds are appropriated by legislative action specifically aimed at creation and funding of new primary and secondary pregnancy prevention programs and pregnancy support services for this 18-19 year old age group. While some colleges have responded appropriately to this new challenge and should be looked at as model examples, many are as yet, unprepared, unwilling or unable to deal with this special needs population. Programs should be comprehensive and have specific goals, measurable objectives, and a means of evaluation. Successful programs should be considered for renewable multi-year funding based on outcomes. Teen Pregnancy (page 3) Introduction According to a press release from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention the national teen birth rate in the United States rose in 2006 for the first time since 1991. While the overall teen birth rate has remained relatively unchanged for the past four years in North Carolina, the birth rate for teens in the 18-19 age group has been increasing while that of younger teens has steadily decreased. This is important because the number of pregnant adolescents deciding to pursue a higher education degree is on the rise (―College Outreach,‖ 2008). Colleges today are faced with the fact that they are unprepared, unwilling or unable to care for this special needs population. Facing an unexpected pregnancy is difficult under the best of circumstances, but it may be even more difficult for young women who are also attending college. Becoming pregnant should not mean a student has to give up on pursuing a degree. This raises the question of what is currently being done to support pregnancies in this population, and what is being done to prevent subsequent ones? This paper will highlight teen pregnancy rates and the efficacy of programs used in North Carolina to prevent teen pregnancy. Additionally, it will outline available educational programs and support services targeting adolescents before and after completion of high school and review what specific colleges are offering their currently increasing population of pregnant students. In an effort to achieve a wider dissemination of valuable information, I will make a recommendation concerning expanding programs at colleges and universities throughout North Carolina, detailing the most appropriate program content for educating and supporting pregnant college aged students. Teen Pregnancy (page 4) Relevant Statistics & Trends In a recent December 5, 2007 press release from the CDC report titled, ―Births: Preliminary Data for 2006‖, the headlines read ―Teen Birth Rate Rises for First Time in 15 Years‖. The national teen birth rate had risen in 2006 for the first time since 1991. The CDC report detailed that in 2006, the birth rate rose 3 percent to 41.9 births per 1,000 for teenagers aged 15-19 years. This followed a 14-year downward trend where the teen birth rate had steadily fallen by 34 percent from a peak of 61.8 births per 1,000 in 1991. The trend was not uniform for all ages in the adolescent population. For example, the birth rate for the youngest teens aged 10-14 declined from 0.7 to 0.6 per 1,000 where the birth rate rose 3 percent for teens aged 15-17. The highest increase was seen in older teens aged 18-19 where the rate increased by 4 percent to 73 births per 1,000. This rate was more than 3 times higher than the 15-17 year old rate of 22 per 1,000. (―National Center,‖ 2008) (Chart 1.) Chart 1. (―National Center,‖ 2008) U.S. Teen Birth Rate by Age Group 0. 9 0. 8 0. 7 0. 6 0. 7 0. 7 0. 6 26 .9 24 .7 23 .2 22 .4 22 .1 21 .4 22 .0 78 .1 76 .1 72 .8 70 .7 70 .0 69 .9 73 .0 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 9


Abstract Entrapment, E, in vertical gas-liquid annular flows may be pictured as a balance between the rate of atomization, RA, of the liquid layer and the rate of deposition of drops, R D. Laboratory measurements of RA, RD and E are reviewed. Theoretical analyses are discussed which picture RA as related to the growth of wavelets through a Kelvin-Helmholtz instability and RB as being directly proportional to the root-mean-square of the turbulent velocity fluctuations of the drops. An equation for E can be developed, which assumes that the deposition constant is independent of drop concentration and that the rate of atomization varies linearly with the flow rale of the liquid in the film. Limitations of this approach, suggested by measurements of RA and RD at large liquid flows, are discussed.


W-Si-N films were deposited by reactive sputtering in a Ar + N2 atmosphere from a W target encrusted with different number of Si pieces and followed by a thermal annealing at increasing temperatures up to 900 °C. Three iron-based substrates with different thermal expansion coefficients, in the range of 1.5 × 10^−6 to 18 × 10^−6 K^−1 were used. The chemical composition, structure, residual stress, hardness ( H ), and Young's modulus ( E ) were evaluated after all the annealing steps. The as-deposited film with low N and Si contents was crystalline whereas the one with higher contents was amorphous. After thermal annealing at 900 °C the amorphous film crystallized as body-centered cubic α-W. The crystalline as-deposited film presented the same phase even after annealing. There were no significant changes in the properties of both films up to 800 °C annealing. However, at 900 °C, a strong decrease and increase in the hardness were observed for the crystalline and amorphous films, respectively. It was possible to find a good correlation between the residual stress and the hardness of the films. In several cases, particularly for the amorphous coating, H / E higher than 0.1 was reached, which envisages good tribological behavior. The two methods (curvature and x-ray diffraction) used for calculation of the residual stress of the coatings showed fairly good agreement in the results.


Changes in the properties of the vector mesons in hot and dense hadronic matter, as produced in heavy ion collisions, lead to the intriguing possibility of the opening of the decay channel $\omega \ra \rho \pi$, for the omega meson, which is impossible in free space. This along with the channel $\omega \pi \ra \pi \pi$ would result in a decrease in its effective life-time enabling it to decay within the hot zone and act as a chronometer in contradiction to the commonly held opinion and would have implications vis a vis determination of the size of the region through pion interferometry. A new peak and a radically altered shape of the low invariant mass dilepton spectra appears due to different shift in the masses of $\rho$ and $\omega$ mesons. The Walecka model is used for the underlying calculation for the sake of illustration.


Objective To investigate changes of serum level of soluble interleukin-2 receptor (SIL-2R) in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and explore its clinical significance. Methods The serum level of SIL-2R was measured with ELISA in 60 patients with HCC (group A), 30 patients with benign liver diseases (group B) and 20 healthy individuals (group C). Results Mean serum level of SIL-2R was lower in group A than in other 2 groups. There was no correlation between serum level of SIL-2R and the level of AFP. Serum level of SIL-2R might be a good indicator for diagnosis of HCC. With cut-off value of 100 mol/L, sensitivity of the serum SIL-2R concentration in our series was 81.7%, specificity 100% and compliance rate 90%. Changes in serum level of SIL-2R were related to surgical procedure. It increased and then decreased after operation and the degree of its decrease was associated with whether the tumor was resected or not. Mean serum level of SIL-2R was higher in patients who developed recurrent cancer than in those who did not. Conclusion Serum level of SIL-2R is of great value for early diagnosis, judgment of disease progress and monitoring of recurrence in patients with HCC.


This study applied Fuzzy Inference System Sugeno to forecast electrical load by considering the external factors. To see the accuracy of forecasting using Fuzzy Inference System Sugeno, then a comparison between the forecasting results of Fuzzy Inference System Sugeno using historical data with Fuzzy Inference System Sugeno using external factors was done. By using external factors method, resulted the smallest RMSE of 0762 and using historical data obtained error (RMSE) of 1028. The results of the study came to the conclusion that Fuzzy Inference System Sugeno method using external factors to forecast the consumption of electrical load gives a better result than Fuzzy Inference System Sugeno using only historical data.


Intensity based image registration methods are widely used in fine geometric registration of multisensor images. Accordingly, for images that are compared through translation of image templates, position where similarity measure is maximized is assumed to indicate best registration. Image registration quality is of crucial importance especially for studies that have high geometric accuracy requirements; e.g. image fusion, change detection, multichannel segmentation, and Digital Terrain Model (DTM) generation. Accuracy of image registration is conventionally evaluated by means of error measures (e.g. RMSE) obtained through comparison of coordinates of control points from the target and the reference / ground truth. However, especially for multisensor images with low spatial resolution component, difficulty in precisely positioning control points inhibits both sub pixel accuracy and evaluation of the registration. In this study, three widespread measures in intensity-based image registration namely, Normalized Cross Correlation (NCC), Mutual Information (MI), and Phase Correlation (PC) are tested for registering images acquired from EO-1 Hyperion and IKONOS sensors. We propose the use of 'global similarity' and 'inverse consistency' measures for evaluating the performance of these intensity based automated registration methods.


The continued strength of India-Oman cultural and trade interaction marks India's enduring maritime relationship with West Asia and beyond. The antiquity of this relationship suggests the depth of interaction. With Portuguese dominance over the Arabian Sea trade in the aftermath of Vasco da Gama's discovery of the sea route to India in 1498 and subsequently the French and the British, the Indian merchants suddenly acquired greater importance and received special prominence in the maritime trade calculus of the colonizers for their exceptional deft in conducting trade in the region. As a result, the Indian trade footprint and diasporic density in West Asia, primarily from Kutch, Sindh, Gujarat etc., began to gain larger visibility. Indian traders in Oman could not only demonstrate their remarkable convincing capacity in doing trade overseas but also established their cultural centres. The remains of the Hindu temple found at Kalhat, a 15th century Omani port, indicate the depth of Indian trade penetration in Oman. The culturally-rooted Indian merchant community could never forgo the Indianness overseas. The oil boom in 1973 intensified migration from India and significantly increased the Indian presence in Oman. This has led to the inflow of remittances to India which contributes to the well-being of the Indian economy. To add to this, the Indian diaspora in Oman and West Asia has significantly raised India's soft power potential in the region which helps India to conduct successful bilateral and multilateral trade and diplomacy. Therefore, this paper discusses the Indian diaspora in Oman and their story of success and their contribution to India, the homeland, in empowering its soft power competence and diplomatic finesse in the geopolitically and geo-strategically vital region.


Simultaneous physical and mathematical modeling has been employed to prove that the Richards equation holds true for problems of water flow in unsaturated sandy soils. This is shown through good agreement between computation results and data obtained from a physical model. Fine sand was used in the model, and changes in the water content, Θ, were measured with Am 241. Good results were obtained upon assuming the boundary condition along the supply time to be in the form of the x-derivative of Θ. It was also found that the widely accepted boundary condition, namely that water content is constant at the supply boundary, can bring about ennoneous conclusions. Good efficiency was achieved in the computations upon the assumption of a time-variable increment δt, which can be determined with a criterion derived through numerical experiments. All computations were performed on a Polish computer, the Odra 1204.


Three stabilizing controllers designed for constant power load systems, the nonlinear system stabilizing controller (NSSC), an alternative linear compensator and a novel passivity based stabilizing controller, are described and analyzed. A comparative study based on a brushless DC motor system is made between them with regard to the design and implementation, operating range, the stabilizing performance and their immunity to external disturbances


The area of Lake Aloatra faces a growing population, a stagnation of rice production and an increase in crop land which are less fertile and subject to erosion. To promote sustainable agriculture research and development projects promote new agricultural techniques based on conservation agriculture including no-tillage practices. Increase in cultivated area affected by these new techniques is real but modest. Questions are raised about the adequacy of support provided to farmers, especially by advisory services. The objective of this paper is to question the adequacy of advisory services regarding to the organizational and technical changes induced by the adoption of conservation agriculture and to propose improvements of the advisory system regarding to the local constraints and opportunities (skills and creation of knowledge for advisors, funding, interactions between researchers and advisors, etc..) The work is based on surveys of farmers and stakeholders involved in advisory activities. The results show the dominance of technical advice provided by a project mainly dedicated to the promotion of conservation agriculture and based on the recommendations of a bio-physic research, but also the recent willingness to promote advice that addresses the complexity of farming system in interaction with the proposed technical changes. The results question the advisory method mobilized to achieve the goals but also the capacity of advisors to develop co-constructed advice. They also show the dominance of advisory providers and projects to orient the advisory activities, the role of research in the provision of technical-economic references for advisors and in the development of advisory methods, and the small ability of farmers to influence the choice that are made. They question the sustainability of the advisory system in a context of funding of advisory system by foreign aid. (Texte integral)


. The vx-periodic homotopy groups «¡" n"(X ; p) are computed explicitly for all pairs (X, p), where X is an exceptional Lie group whose integral homology has no p-torsion. This yields new lower bounds for p-exponents of actual homotopy groups of these spaces. Delicate calculations with the unstable Novikov spectral sequence are required in the proof.


In this work an integrated filter-less BiCMOS based color sensor is presented. It is capable of determining the center wavelength of a monochromatic light source in the visible range. This can be used e.g. to determine the three different light colors of an RGB-LED. The detector is based on the effect that the penetration depth in silicon depends on the wavelength of the incident light. It is built up of three vertically stacked pn junctions - a shallow pn junction as blue light detector, a middle pn junction for sensing the green part of incident light and a deep diode to detect red light. The resulting RGB output is used to discriminate between the three different light colors of an RGB-LED. The sensor was characterized with a sweep able monochromatic light source. The sensor is fabricated in a standard 0.6 µm BiCMOS process without using any additional filter layers. This makes it possible to integrate the sensor with other circuitry into a single chip without process modifications.


Recent work has shown that sink movement along a fixed path and speed control can minimize the energy utilization in wireless sensor networks. Mobile sink with predetermined path and speed gives inadequate communication time to collect data from the subsink and member nodes deployed randomly. This method creates significant challenges for data collection and energy consumption in wireless sensor network. For tackle this issue, we propose a new method for data collection, called the Optimal Terminal Assignment based Path (OTABP) that increases data collection and minimize the energy consumption as well as optimizing the assignment of sensor nodes to the subsinks. OTABP method based on efficiently assignment of the member node to subsinks. Propose work also implements approximate algorithm to solve the subsinks selection and member node assignment problem. Our aim is to collect maximum data efficiently in wireless sensor networks by utilizing minimum energy using Optimal Terminal Assignment based Path (OTABP)of controllable movable sink. Keywords— Sensor networks, mobile sinks, fixed path, Speed Control, data collection, minimum energy utilization.


We recently reported that specific deletion of a novel tumor suppressor gene, TRAF3, in B lymphocytes leads to B lymphoma development in mice. Interestingly, B lymphoma development in B-TRAF3-/- mice exhibits a long latency (about 9 months), indicating that additional oncogenic alterations are required for B lymphomagenesis. To delineate such oncogenic alterations in TRAF3-/- B lymphomas, we performed microarray analyses and identified mutated in colorectal cancer (MCC) as a gene consistently up-regulated in B lymphomas spontaneously developed in different individual B-TRAF3-/- mice. We verified the striking up-regulation of MCC expression in TRAF3-/- B lymphomas at both the mRNA and protein levels by quantitative real time PCR and Western blot analyses, respectively. We further found that the MCC transcript and protein were aberrantly elevated in 6 human patient-derived multiple myeloma cell lines with TRAF3 deletions or relevant mutations. In contrast, MCC expression was not detected in normal mouse splenic B cells or premalignant TRAF3-/- B cells. Furthermore, MCC expression was not induced in normal splenic B cells or premalignant TRAF3-/- B cells by a variety of B cell stimuli, including CD40, BCR, LPS, and CpG. Taken together, our findings indicate that aberrant MCC expression is associated with B cell tumorigenesis. Our ongoing study will further elucidate the roles and mechanisms of MCC in TRAF3 deficiency-initiated B cell malignant transformation.


A closed-cycle cryogenic system has been assembled and an induction furnace has been constructed to enhance the non-ambient powder diffraction facilities at the SRS, Daresbury Laboratory. The cryostat and the furnace are designed to operate at temperature ranges of lo290 K and 290-1500 K, respectively. In this paper we describe the commissioning of the lowand high-temperature devices for high resolution powder diffractometry. Results from standard tungsten and silver samples are presented to demonstrate the operation of the apparatus and some of the early experimental results are included.