Synthesis of the active metabolite of vitamin D, 1,25(OH)2D3, by synovial fluid macrophages in arthritic diseases SUMMARY Synthesis of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3) has been shown in cells from knee joint synovial fluid of 20 patients with inflammatory rheumatoid disease, reactive or psoriatic arthritis, or gout, all of which had high synovial fluid cell counts, and by cells from a patient with aseptic necrosis of a femoral condyle after short term (<24 hours) or long term (seven days) primary culture. Cells from 18 patients with inflammatory arthritis, five of which had low synovial fluid cell counts and cells from six patients with osteoarthritis were unable to synthesise this metabolite from 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25(OH)D3). Macrophages are believed to be the cells responsible for synthesising 1,25(OH)2D3 because these were significantly more numerous in samples that formed 1,25(OH)2D3; they were also the predominant cell type present in the aseptic necrosis sample and the only cell type present in preparations maintained for one week in monolayer culture. Vitamin D is metabolised by sequential hydroxyla-tion steps, first to 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25(OH)D3) in the liver and then to either 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (24,25(OH)2D3) or the active hormonal form, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3), in the kidney. The last metabolite then exerts calcium homoeostatic actions in the intestine, bone, and renal tubule after binding to specific intracellular receptors.' Peripheral blood lymphocytes and synovial tissue derived fibroblasts from patients with rheumatoid arthritis have also been shown to possess specific receptors for 1,25(OH)2D3,2 , but the role of the metabolite in these cells is not known. Furthermore, little is known of the actions of vitamin D and its metabolites in arthritis, though they are clearly involved in normal bone and calcium metabolism, and deficiencies are associated with the development of rickets or osteomalacia. Fairney et al have recently shown that knee joint synovial fluid from patients with arthritic disorders contains 25(OH)D3, 24,25(OH)2D3, and the vitamin D binding protein at about half serum concentrations .4 Similarly, 1,25(OH)2D3 is also present in synovial fluid at 50-100% serum concentrations (Mawer, unpublished observations). These metabo-lites and their binding protein are probably present because synovial fluid is formed as a plasma dialysate supplemented with mucins such as hyaluronic acid and lubricating glycoproteins. Studies of the extrarenal metabolism of 25(OH)D3 have now shown that 1,25(OH)2D3 is synthesised in vitro by normal human macrophages activated with interferon gamma5 or bacterial lipopolysaccharides6; by macrophages activated by peritonitis from the peritoneal cavity …


The assignment of the crystallographic axes for the hole momentum‐space wave function maps shown in Fig. 2 of Reuter et al., phys. stat. sol. (b) 243, 3942 (2006) has been corrected. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)


The transformation of the medical model from biomedical to bio-pyscho-social medical model is a revolution for medicine. What are the pass and the sign for the transformation? The basic pass is to rebuild up a new theory system of medicine matching the new medical model. The impersonality signs are transformation of medical theory,main body of medicine,educational system,framework of hospital,treatment style,technique system,hospital management system and the aim of the medicine.minimally invasive medicine system or unitary medicine system developed by the author in 2003 is a new theory system of medicine matching the bio-pyscho-social and unitary medical model.


The immunodiffusion agar-gel test, used widely for demonstrating various bacterial and viral antigens (1,2,5), is basically a precipitin test done in an agar-gel medium. The test was tried for demonstrating Borrelia anserina antigen in the tissue of infected chickens, and was successful only in detecting the antigen in the liver (3). The present experiment was done to demonstrate B. anserina antigen in other organs and to explain the success in obtaining a line between untreated hepatic extract and B. anserina antiserum.


Thispaper describes anovel approach forofflinespeed measurement isalsorequired. Inthis paperweshall stator leakage inductance andonline stator resistance estimationconsider FOCofaninduction motor. thatcanbeusedforself-tuning ofinduction motordrives. The Therearetwobasic modelsforfield-oriented control of paperbriefly describes thetheory behind theapproach. The induction motors (2): proposed methodsareexperimentally tested onanindustrial model:Thismodelrequires an accurate induction motorandalso tested onawashing machine motor * eCurrent of theo me constant an accurate designed forvariable speed operation. Testresults aregiven and measurement oftherotor timeconstant andaccurate therobustness oftheapproach isillustrated. measurement ofmechanical speed ofthemotor(3); * Voltage model:Thismodeldoesnotrequire speed IndexTerms-- Induction motordrives, parameter estimation, measement h is acurcdepends onqprecse inductance measurement. ~~~~~measurement; however itS accuracy depends onprecise Inductance measurement. measurementof statorresistance and leakage


In blood serum, in contrast to blood plasma (human), the hemolytic activity of the alternative pathway of activation of the complement system is twice as large, but there is no difference in the classical way. Complement activity is approximately equal in platelet and platelet-depleted citrate plasma.


Fast charging is considered to be a mainstream development of the rechargeable batteries with the exploitation of electric vehicles markets and portable electronics. Nevertheless, the limited range and long fully...


Abstract Background: Cardiovascular (CV) disease is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in adults with type 2 diabetes (T2D). The aim of this study was to determine the CV risk in Chinese patients with T2D based on the 2019 European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD) guidelines on diabetes, pre-diabetes, and CV diseases. Methods: A total of 25,411 patients with T2D, who participated in the study of China Cardiometabolic Registries 3B study, were included in our analysis. We assessed the proportions of patients in each CV risk category according to 2019 ESC/EASD guidelines. Results: Based on the 2019 ESC/EASD guidelines, 16,663 (65.6%), 1895 (7.5%), and 152 (0.6%) of patients were included in "very high risk," "high risk," and "moderate risk" categories, respectively. The proportions of patients in each category varied based on age, sex, body mass index, and duration. While 58.7% (9786/16,663) of elderly patients were classified to "very high risk" group, 89.6% (3732/4165) of patients with obesity were divided into "very high risk" group. Almost all patients with a duration of diabetes >10 years had "very high risk" or "high risk." However, 6701 (26.4%) of Chinese T2D patients, who had shorter duration, and one or two risk factors, could not be included in any category (the "unclear risk" category). Conclusions: In China, most patients with T2D have "very high" or "high" CV risk based on 2019 ESC/EASD guidelines. However, the risk of patients in "unclear risk" group needs to be further classified.


This article discusses certification standards, flight testing, and type certification of a primary category aircraft using the Transport Canada TP101-41E Ultra-Light Design Standard as the certification basis. For many years manufacturers maintained that certification standards were overly restrictive with regard to small aircraft of simple design, and therefore, restrict growth and innovation in the small airplane industry. Government agencies in conjunction with industry set forth to design a streamlined certification standard for these type aircraft. The primary category rule for type certification of aircraft of simple design intended for pleasure or personal use was adopted. Presented is an overview of certification and flight test of the Quicksilver GT 500 aircraft that was certified under the primary rule using the Transport Canada TP101-41E Ultra-Light Design Standard. Certification flight test plans and flight test techniques used to gather data are presented. Flight test data and compliance with TP101-41E are discussed. Noncompliant findings are discussed. The Quicksilver GT 500, the first aircraft certified in the primary category, was awarded a provisional-type certificate on August 1, 1993.


Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP) is a main indicator of the regional economic growth which may vary spatially according to geographical conditions of region. GRDP is also measured every year, so the time information should be taken into account in modeling GRDP. As the GRDP data consists of several region and it is measured series in time, panel data regression can be used to model the GRDP data. To overcome the spatial heterogeneity among region, the Geographical Weighted Regression (GWR) models can be implemented. The combination of panel data regression and GWR is known as Geographical Weighted Panel Regression (GWPR). In this paper, the data used was a secondary data taken from Central Bureau of Statistics Indonesia in 35 regions of Central Java province during 2011-2015. The response variable was the GRPD based on the constant price of the year 2010 meanwhile the explanatory variables were the number of labor, original local government revenue, regional minimum wage, and human development index. The result shows that GWPR model with adaptive bisquare had pseudo-R2 of 96.43 %. The significant factors affecting GRDP were dissimilar among regions, therefore the regions classified into five groups.


Materials & Methods: In short-term stresses, we observe temporary loss of appetite as a cause of the function of the sympathetic nervous system and noradrenaline hormones. This mechanism is processes through the decrease in blood flow and related enzymes in gastrointestinal system as a result of neural effect and the influence of the mentioned hormones. But in longterm stresses the case is totally different. The stresses that depress the individuals are different and the weight gain occurs in two direct and indirect manners. In first case: increased plasma levels of cortisol cause weight gain in three ways: Protein breakdown and eventual loss and atrophy of the muscles of the body, especially around the abdomen. These hormones along with slimming hormones such as growth hormone and testosterone have a negative feedback in the blood levels. As an unknown reason, this hormone (cortisol) increases the areas of fat accumulation around the waist. On the other hand, brain faces impaired shortage of serotonin as a cause of frequent cortisol release to balance the body situation and keep biochemistry of the brain in balance and therefore proceeding to the substantial caloric intake so it may compensate for the lack of this substance in the brain. There are different theories about the subsequent decrease in serotonin of the brain after cortisol increase. One hypothesis is that the reason is the effect of cortisol on serotonin-producing genes in brain cells. Another hypothesis is that the increased rate of cell raises suicide mechanism in body, especially in serotonin making cells. Whatever the cause is, both of the above mentioned reasons have the same goal, decreasing the amount of serotonin in the brain. Perhaps our desire for sweets and food in a stressed situation is not due to that they are delicious but because our body tries to pull a trigger against the chronic and severe stresses by keeping a biochemistry balance in the brain or maybe increased amount of glucose in blood increases the excitability of brain cells to receive the tryptophan amino acid which has a great role in serotonin production. In the case of indirect influence, chronic stresses causes the creation of depressed mood in the individual and eventually these kind of people have a little interest for activity which can decrease the metabolism level of the body and cause in the indirect weight increase. People rushed to get food in stressful situations which could be another reason for this.


Indonesia continues to bear the scars of the 1997 financial crisis, with the highest open unemployment rate in Southeast Asia. The orthodox interpretation is that the post-crisis era is typified by overly generous labor legislation granting higher minimum wages and other provisions; the rise in real wages adversely impacted the investment climate and employment growth. However, detailed sectoral analysis reveals very little evidence of a wage-driven profit squeeze. This article contends that Indonesia's current unemployment woes are best understood as the reflection of a demand-constrained economy, where important sectors are operating at around 70 percent of their capacity. It, thus, outlines an alternative macroeconomic policy framework in the Post Keynesian tradition.


Magnesium oxide is one of the most important materials that used to produce a basic refractory material which is applied for liningsteel and iron furnaces as well as cement furnaces. In this research, magnesium oxide was produced from sea water that content effective percentage of magnesium hydroxide instead of magnesium carbonate rock. The process has been done by adding additive materials which include high alumina, iron oxide, sodium phosphate and sodium silicate to reduce the sintering temperature to 1400 °C instead of 1750 °C. Moreover, kiln furnace was used instead of rotary furnace to do the sintering process. The results show that there is a possibility to produce magnesium oxide with purity of 56%. It is stable at temperature less than 1600 °C and resists the humidity and water. The process of producing magnesium oxide could be considered as a sustainable manufacturing process due to the applied lower sintering temperature which leads to reduce cost, energy and pollution.


Abstract
 This chapter deals with the role of technical and vocation training in African tertiary agricultural education, pointing out the vital contribution of agricultural technical and vocational education and training (TVET) institutions in preparing youth both for employment and for further studies. The chapter discusses: the challenges to agricultural TVET; the current status of agricultural training centres; the goals identified for reforming agricultural TVET in Africa; innovative approaches for improving teaching and learning systems; the role of the private sector in the successful development of agricultural TVET; and the linkages between agricultural TVET and tertiary agricultural education.


We have proposed the Mind Probing method which estimates a user's interest in the situation that the user makes a choice from the provided information by the interactive system. The system proactively approaches the user and estimates the interest from observation of reaction for the proactive approach. This work proposes a kind of the method, Gaze Mirroring, that an anthropomorphic agent approaches the user with the joint attention by imitating the user's gazing behavior. To make the user express the behavior reflecting the interest, we designed a mirroring method which imitates the user's behavior in synchronization and sympathy. We confirmed that the user more longly gazed at an object with interest through some experiments.


Using the simplified approach to the dynamic modelling of a variable reluctance step ping motor system developed in a companion paper [1], this paper develops dimensionless pull out torque curves and stability limits. These curves can be used to optimise system performance and allow the effects of variations in system parameters to be appreciated.


(54) ANIMATION FOR CONVEYING SPATIAL Publication Classification RELATIONSHIPS IN MULTI-PLANAR RECONSTRUCTION (51) Int. Cl. G06T I3/20 (2006.01) (71) Applicants: Mervin Mencias Smith-Casem, Renton, G06T I5/08 (2006.01) WA (US); Bruce A. McDermott, (52) U.S. Cl. Bellevue, WA (US) CPC ................. G06T 13/20 (2013.01); G06T 15/08 (2013.01) (72) Inventors: Mervin Mencias Smith-Casem, Renton, USPC .......................................................... 345/427 WA (US); Bruce A. McDermott, Bellevue, WA (US) (57) ABSTRACT Spatial relationships are conveyed in multi-planar reconstruc tion (MPR). A 3D MPR display indicates relative position of (73) Assignee: Siemens Medical Solutions USA, Inc., MPR imaging planes to each other and/oranatomy at a given Malvern, PA (US) time. To better assist user understanding of the location of the MPR planes relative to each other and/or anatomy in transi (21) Appl. No.: 13/961,814 tioning to different relative locations, the transition is ani mated. The shift in planar position occurs gradually in the 3D MPR display despite user indication of a jump to another (22) Filed: Aug. 7, 2013 arrangement.


This paper presents the current research work on ATHENE - an ontology based visual modeling tool for semantic Web processes. ATHENE has been developed by the University of Applied Sciences, Northwestern, Switzerland as part of the European Commission funded project F.I.T. ATHENE allows users to graphically develop process models and automatically generates the ontology behind the process model. In this paper, we discuss how an explicit base model can be sufficient for modeling editable ontology of services, as an extension of ATHENE. For demonstration purposes we choose OWL-S since it has been predominantly used for grounding Web services.


This work uses Dynamic Information Flow Tracking (DIFT) to characterize how memory addresses are made by studying the transformation of data values into memory addresses. We show that in SPEC CPU 2017 benchmarks, a high proportion of values in memory are transformed into memory addresses. The majority of the transformations are done directly without explicit arithmetic instructions. Most of the addresses are made from one or more loaded values.


This edited volume is not a comprehensive overview of the role and experience of sexual politics in modern Ireland, but rather a diverse range of topics that explores the gaps in gender studies within Irish history, writes Muireann O'Dwyer. Sexual Politics in Modern Ireland sets out to explore gender, sex and sexuality using new data to explore stories that have yet to be told, and to add to our understanding of who and what make up Irish society.


The National Center for Learning and Teaching in Nanoscale Science and Engineering was established to conduct research on how to effectively introduce emergent sciences into K-16 classrooms, using nanoscale science and engineering (NSE) as an example. One of the NCLT's main goals is to develop an approach to map out the knowledge domains (constructs) associated with NSE and use these domains to guide learning research and the development of instructional materials, assessment, and teacher education. These efforts have been aligned through the development and institution of Construct-Centered Design (CCD), a principled process that is based largely on evidence-centered assessment design (Mislevy, Steinberg, Almond, Haertel, & Penuel, 2003) and learning goal-driven design (Krajcik, McNeill & Reiser, 2007). This poster session provides an overview of the CCD process and illustrates how the use of this process has afforded alignment of learning research with the development of instructional materials and assessments.


In the present work we report results of deep-level transient spectroscopy (DLTS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) investigatio ns of extended defects in the p-ZnTe/n-CdTe heterojunctions grown for solar cells applica tions. The examined samples were obtained by the molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) t echnique on two different substrates: (i) lattice mismatched by 14.6%, (001)-oriented GaAs an d (ii) lattice matched, (001)-oriented CdTe. Initially, highly iodine doped n-type CdTe buffer layer was grown. Then it was cove red by undoped CdTe absorber layer and, in turn, by nit rogen doped p-type ZnTe top layer. Four hole traps, called H1, H2, H7 and H8, and one electron trap, called E3, have been revealed in the DLTS spectra measured for the heter ojunctions grown on GaAs substrate. Examination of the capture kinetics of charge carri ers nto the traps enabled us to distinguish the ones related to point defects from those relate d to extended defects. Only the H2 trap was characterized by the exponential capture kinetics, pointing to isolated point defects responsible for the trap. We attributed this trap t o the Cd vacancy in the CdTe absorber layer [1]. In the case of all other traps the dependence of DLTS-signal amplitude on the filling-pulse time was logarithmic. We related those traps to ele ctronic states of dislocations, which form Coulombic barriers on carrier capturing. The DLTS p eaks associated with the H1 and E3 traps were not observed in the DLTS spectra measured for the heterojunction grown on the CdTe substrate. They are most likely associated with ele ctronic states of threading dislocations generated at the mismatched interface with GaAs sub trate. The cross-sectional TEM images of the heterojunctions showed that they are probabl y dislocations of the 60°-type. Many of those dislocations propagate through the CdTe layer s up to the ZnTe top layer. On the other hand, the H8 trap was observed in both the types of measured heterojunctions, but only under forward-bias filling pulse. We assign this trap to extended defects created as a result of lattice mismatch between the CdTe absorber and the ZnTe lay er. Moreover, the compressive strain in the CdTe layers grown on GaAs introduced numerous intrinsic and extrinsic stacking faults. F irst-principles calculations predict that the presence of stacking faults considerably affects th e electronic properties of CdTe layers. They behave like hole trap centers [2]. Our TEM images d id not reveal any extended defects in the homoepitaxially grown CdTe layers. Structural quali ty of these layers was significantly better than that of the heterojunctions grown on GaAs subs trate. On the other hand, the ZnTe layer in both the types of heterojuntions was strongly de fect d. Numerous dislocations and stacking faults were observed in this layer.


This paper investigates the fixed time synchronization (FxTSyn) problem for complex networks (CNs) with constant time delay. We design a useful controller composed of three terms, and using the so called two-phases method (2PM) in the literature of finite time (FnT) stability with delay, we prove that FxTSyn can be realized rigorously. In Phase I, synchronization (Syn) error is proved to decrease from any initial error values (IEV) to 1 in FxT; in Phase II, Syn error is proved to decrease from 1 to 0 in FxT, therefore, the whole time for Syn is fixed. Finally, a numerical example is given.


Optical surface second harmonic generation (SHG) has been used in conjunction with conventional surface science techniques to investigate the Cu(110) surface and the Ag/Cu(110) interface under UHV conditions. Surface SHG is found to provide detailed information on the well-characterized, clean Cu(110) single-crystal surface. It is also shown to be a sensitive real-time probe of both the growth of uniform monolayer thick Ag layers and the nucleation and growth of three-dimensional Ag nano-clusters (<10 monolayers thick) on the Cu(110) substrate.


Mobile computing proved to be essential in today's cyber communications. However, entities in mobile computing are known of having limited energy, physical, and logical resources. This imposes various challenges that greatly affect communication quality and performance of those mobile entities, especially when applying computationally-intensive security measures that are essential for protecting the communication sessions. Therefore, it becomes vital to seek suitable security techniques that balance between the communication performance and the resource context of those mobile entities. In this paper, we introduce the use of external aiding entities to assist in securing communications between feature-limited and resource-challenged next-generation mobile entities. We start with outlining different resource aiding approaches that help in securing communications. Then we discuss, in brief, both the design criteria and directions for a security resource aider. We, in the end, outline some of the challenges toward using security resource aiding in mobile and next generation communications.


2010 WILEY-VCH Verlag Gm Synthetic counterparts to cellular compartments remain far from the complexity of living systems but hold tremendous promise for advancing studies into the synthesis, confinement, and delivery of biomolecules. Of all biomolecular candidates, RNA could benefit from encapsulation as it spans a range of cellular functions including information storage, regulation, and catalysis. RNA has proven to be a potent therapeutic for the modification of cellular function, yet unprotected, it remains highly susceptible to degradation. A practical and biomimetic approach to RNA encapsulation is the enzyme-catalyzed synthesis of RNA within the confines of a drug delivery vehicle, which has the potential to minimize the handling of RNA, bypassing isolation and purification steps. To date, the most successful examples of encapsulated transcription exploit liposomes and emulsions, yet controlled RNA loading and their subsequent use for the cellular internalization of the newly synthesized RNA have not been accomplished. Herein, we describe the use of micrometer-sized, monodisperse polymer hydrogel capsules (HCs) for the first successful example of encapsulated de novo RNA synthesis and subsequent cellular internalization of the RNA. The capsules act as both microreactors and drug carriers. Unlike other methods of encapsulated RNA transcription, polymer HCs also allow real-time monitoring of RNA synthesis and, therefore, precise control over the encapsulated RNA concentration via the reaction time. The recent development of polymer capsules produced via the layer-by-layer (LbL) deposition of polymers has provided a novel platform for encapsulated catalysis with a number of advantages, including precise control over the capsule size and permeability based on both the size and/or the charge of the solutes. Successful examples of DNA synthesis, hybridization, and degradation within the confines of polymer capsules highlight the potential of these assemblies as host compartments for biomolecular transformations. In addition, their shape, stability, and size endow them with characteristics suitable for the delivery of molecular therapeutics. The successful synthesis of RNA within the confines of a polymer HC represents a facile technique for the controlled capsule loading of RNA, en route to a drug-delivery platform for RNA therapeutics. The encapsulation of two macromolecules is essential for the synthesis of RNA within the interior of a polymer capsule: an RNA polymerase and a double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) template containing a specific promoter sequence required for enzyme binding and the initiation of RNA transcription. We have recently encapsulated DNA into poly(methacrylic acid) (PMA) HCs through LbL assembly. The PMA HCs entrap DNA through a combination of size exclusion and electrostatic repulsion. Herein, we exploit the encapsulated dsDNA to template the transcription of RNA by T7 RNA polymerase (T7Pol) (Scheme 1). T7Pol has sufficient diffusivity through the walls of PMA HCs, possibly via the ''relay race'' mechanism described for protein– hydrogel interactions. Once inside, the T7Pol binds the promoter sequence in the DNA template and is immobilized inside the capsule. Due to their small size, individual ribonucleotides freely diffuse into the PMA HCs, where T7Pol assemble them into single-stranded RNApolymers. Similar to the DNA template, the size, shape, and charge of the newly synthesized RNA polymers ensure they remained trapped within the capsules. The strategy outlined above (Scheme 1) was used to assemble PMA HCs (diameter of 4.35 0.25mm), each containing 9000 copies of a 777-base pair (bp) dsDNA polymerase chain reaction (PCR) product. The PCR products were designed to either include (þT7DNA) or exclude (–T7DNA) the T7 promoter sequence at the 50-end of the sense strand. Approximately 10 capsules were added to a 50mL transcription reaction supplemented with 0.1 nmol of fluorescently labeled uridine50-triphosphate (UTP, green) and the mixture was incubated at 37 8C. A concentration of 50 units of T7Pol in the 50mL reaction was sufficient to enable diffusion of enzyme into the core of the PMA HCs and initiate transcription. Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) was used to image fluorescently labeled HCs (red) following 3 h of incubation. Newly synthesized RNA was clearly visible in the interior of the PMA HCs containing DNA with the T7 promoter sequence (Fig. 1a), however, no fluorescencewas observed in the PMAHCs containing DNA without the T7 promoter sequence (Fig. 1b). An identical reaction was performed using 1.35 0.15mm PMA HCs, each containing 500 copies ofþT7DNA. Flow cytometry was used to measure the progress of the reaction within the PMA HCs (Fig. 1c), allowing real-time monitoring of RNA synthesis. Synthesis was slow in the first hour but then increased to a linear rate of synthesis between 1.5 h and 5 h, and finally leveled off over the next 24 h. The initial slow rate of synthesis possibly reflects the time required for the T7Pol to diffuse into the capsules and bind to the T7 promoter sequences.


An index set for a databse is specified by analyzing a sample (718) of SQL statements applied to the database (701). Indexes (707) are identified that could assist in the execution of the analyzed statements and levels of improved operation are evaluated for each of said indexes. The evaluated levels are then processed (708) to specify an index set for inclusion on the database. The database may not include sufficient storage (702) for all of the specified indexes to be included, therefore the available storage space is allocated and indexes are selected on a prioritized basis.


Discrete aurorae have been observed at Mars by multiple spacecraft, including Mars Express, Mars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN (MAVEN), and most recently the United Arab Emirates Hope spacecraft. Meanwhile, there have been studies on the source particles responsible for producing these detectable aurorae (termed "auroral electrons"). By utilizing empirical criteria to select auroral electrons established by Xu et al. (2022, https://doi.org/10.1029/2022GL097757), we conduct statistical analyses of the impact of upstream drivers on the occurrence rate and fluxes of auroral electrons. We find the occurrence rate increases with upstream dynamic pressure and weakly depends on the interplanetary magnetic field strength. Meanwhile, the integrated auroral electron flux somewhat decreases with increasing upstream drivers. Auroral electron precipitation also occurs more frequently and is more intense over regions of strong crustal fields compared to weak crustal fields. Aside from emissions, auroral electrons are expected to cause significant impact ionization and enhance the plasma density locally. In this study, we also quantify the nightside ionospheric impact of auroral electron precipitation, specifically the thermal ion (O+, O2+ ${O}_{2}^{+}$ , and CO2+ $C{O}_{2}^{+}$ ) density enhancement, with MAVEN observations. Our results show that the ion density is increased by up to an order of magnitude at low altitudes. The crustal effects on ion density profiles for nominal electron and auroral electron precipitation are also discussed.


The article presents a solution to one of the pressing problems facing modern toponymy codi fi ers by introducing substantial updates to the current rules for using uppercase and lowercase letters in toponyms, supplemented by the relevant linguistic material. The proposed updates, re fl ecting the prevailing spelling norm, are based on the analysis of modern Russian spelling in the multiplicity of text forms, both of fi cial and unof fi cial. For toponyms, these are registers of geographical names (names of rivers, districts and cities), various classi fi ers with legal force, documents of national and regional levels, of fi cial websites of urban and rural settlements, as well as media and literary texts, paper and digital maps, guidebooks, spelling and toponymic dictionaries and reference books. The authors aim to expand the scope of the rules formulated back in 1956 through recourse to historical dictionaries and existing research, tracing the historical vector of change in spelling norms. In a retrospective view, the growing tendencies towards using more capitals and breaking the concatenated spelling of borrowed toponyms to emphasize the most meaningful units in the source language become more visible. Most importantly, the proposed updated rules cover the cases of spellings, previously overlooked by the academic spelling rules, in which the division between a generic term and the name is not obvious and allows for different interpretations. The published rules also contain extensive illustrative material and necessary comments on most complex cases of the use of uppercase or lowercase letters. The proposed rules were considered and approved by the Spelling Commission of the Russian Academy of Sciences at a meeting in February 2020.


Curriculum and teaching are the main means to train talents arid to realize the purpose of education in universities and colleges. The propriety of curriculum is one of the core fields in higher education research. John S. Brubacher, a famous American scholar, puts forward and analyzes the propriety of contents and construction of curriculum in one chapter of his book "Higher Education Philosophy". This article tries to analyze Brubacher's thought from such aspects as the relation of course contents to the target and social and personal demands, reform in construction of curriculum and the trend of current higher education reform in China.


some opportunities for sexual intercourse. There is also a passage in Josephus (A ntiql4ities, XI V, 258) where the phrase Tds 7Tpou£vXàs7TOt£ÎuOat 7rplc Tfi Oa.Àá7T(}, found in a decree of privileges granted by the people of Halicarnassus to the local Jewish community, might refer to the holding of prayer-meetings rather than the building of (several) synagogues. There is no evidence that the Jewish community at Halicarnassus was large enough to warrant the existence of several synagogues. The plural 7&dquo;às7TpOO'EVXás is perhaps best explained if we understand 7TpOO'EVxr] as meaning ' meeting for prayer '. Some of the interpretations of passages given in this note are necessarily far from certain. But scholars should note that ~rpoQevx~j, besides meaning ' prayer ', and ' place of prayer ' or ' ' synagogue ', may also mean ' meeting for prayer ', or ' meeting for worship '. TIMOTHY C. G. THORNTON


The plane rolling a wheel along a rough surface is considered. A model that takes into account finite stiffness of the base and the wheel is constructed. An expression for contact forces is obtained. This expression transforms into the familiar relations in the limit cases.


In this paper,a relatively complete set of inventory compiling method for VOCs pollutant sources on city scale is put forward based on the study of domestic and abroad documents and the general investigation result of VOCs pollutant sources in Beijing as well.The method summarizes the inventory contents,the estimated methods for sorted VOCs pollutant sources emission,the spatialization of VOCs sources and the uncertainty analysis for the method.Meanwhile,the related elements for the establishment of the sorted VOCs sources emission inventory are also comprehensively analyzed,such as the used emission model,factors,parameters,the activity level of the VOCs sources and the appropriate acquisition measures.This paper could provide advices for researchers and environmental authorities on the establishment of VOCs emission inventory.


Effect of different levels of nitrogen on growth and yield of radish was studied at Gomal University, D. I. Khan, Pakistan during winter season 2007. Five N levels (50, 100, 150, 200 and 250 kg/ha) alongwith a control (no nitrogen) were tried. The results showed that higher N levels gave better results for all parameters studied. Maximum number of leaves (18.70, 18.17 and 18.10), leaf length (33.33, 32.80 and 31.10 cm), weight of leaves (160.67, 132.83 and 140.82 g), root length (23.77, 22.10 and 22.23 cm), root diameter (4.43, 4.87 and 4.15 cm), root weight (139.28, 122.73 and 127.16 g) and yield (99.88, 85.10 and 89.24 t/ha) were recorded when N was applied @ 200, 250 and 150 kg per hectare, respectively.


We present a novel method for reducing the effects of ink-bleed in handwritten documents. We go beyond the existing works on ink bleed detection and removal. We consider each pixel in a document as a result of combination of foreground, ink-bleed and background. We carry of a decomposition of the document image into separate foreground ink, ink-bleed, and background Layers. We propose an efficient MRF formulation to achieve this separation. Degradation model for the ink and paper is proposed. The ability to extract the contributions of the three components to each pixel allows us to recover finer details of the writing. Quantitative and qualitative results on a set of historic manuscripts as well as synthetically generated documents demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach.


The Cretaceous rocks of Colombia, including the Jiron, Villeta, and Guadalupe groups, have been laid down upon an ancient floor of metamorphic and crystalline rocks. The lower and upper groups of the Cretaceous are very largely detrital in origin, while the middle group is partly detrital and partly of organically derived limestones and marls. Dr. Otto Stutzer has claimed that "All of the oil in Colombia probably emanated from the Villeta group, that is, the Lower Cretaceous." There are no wells yet drilled in Colombia that derive a production from Cretaceous beds, nor is any part of the Cretaceous more than sparingly bituminous, although suitable structures are abundant. On the other hand, all of the producing wells in Colombia are in Tertiary formations and are drilled in situations such that it appears highly improbable that the oil could have emanated from Cretaceous strata, especially from the Villeta group. Moreover, the older Tertiary (Eocene and possibly Oligocene) strata are in many places richly organic and more highly bituminous than the Cretaceous and the producing wells have been drilled into them, and the presumption is strong that they have been the primary source of the oil that is being produced. In parts of Colombia where the older Tertiary beds are purely marine, foraminiferal remains are abundant and could constitute the source material of the oil. In other parts of the country where the older Tertiary beds are non-marine they include lignitic and carbonaceous strata, such as might have contained the source material of the oil, as is the case in Trinidad and, perhaps, also in some of the oil fields of the Maracaibo basin in Venezuela.


In  many  industrial  plants,  some  key  variables  cannot  always  be measured on-line and for the purpose of control, an alternative of sensing system is  required.  This  paper  is  concerned  with  a  development  of  an  alternative intelligent  control  strategy,  which  is  an  integration  between  the  neuro-fuzzy based  controller  and  virtual  sensing  system.  This  allows  an  immeasurable variable to be inferred and used for control. The  virtual sensor is  composed of the  Diagonal  Recurrent  Neural  Network  (DRNN)  for  plant  modeling  and  the Extended  Kalman  Filter  (EKF)  as  the  estimator  with  inputs  from  DRNN.  The integration between virtual sensor and the controller enables a development of an on-line  control  scheme  involving  the  immeasurable  variable.  The  real -time implementation  demonstrates  the  applicability  and  the  performance  of  the proposed  intelligent  control  scheme,  especially  in  dealing  with  nonlinear processes.


In order to develop the economy of Hengyang village, resolve the difficult problem to sell Plum for farmer, combine personal experience for many years, the paper expatiates the processing of the plum taste production, analysis the present problems, put forward to the solution, so it has the actual leading meaning to develop the municipal industry in agriculture by - production processing.


According to the incidence angular factor of the laser beam,the locations of the laser setup above the ground are classified.The methods of geometrical analysis and numerical simulation are used.It is indicated that when a focused laser beam heats a flying cylinder,for the sake of the best heating effect,as to achieve enough heating power level and energy level at the same time,the trajectory point when the laser beam can irradiate the cylinder perpendicularly should be selected as the heating center,the effective work time of the laser should be regarded as the heating time range,and the laser setup should be placed at a proper distance from the cylinder at the very trajectory point.It is found that the problem of effect of relative position between laser setup and trajectory on dynamic heating is an optimal problem,which can give a good reference for using a laser setup properly on dynmic heating.


In this paper, the representation and reasoning of uncertainty in the field of tactical intention recognition are analyzed and studied. An intelligent command and control decision support process based on deep reinforcement learning and fuzzy multi-entity Bayesian network is proposed. On this basis, a method of tactical intention recognition based on fuzzy multi-entity Bayesian network is also proposed and probability ontology is constructed. The experimental results show that the method proposed in this paper is feasible and provides a new solution for the representation and reasoning of uncertain information in the field of battlefield situation estimation.


A bend line (35, 45, 62-66, 96, 235) in accordance with the method for accurately bending a sheet material (31, 41, 61, 91, 231), and the resulting sheet is disclosed. Method comprises the steps of forming the bending webs (37, 47, 71, 72, 106, 237) to form a through the material sheet in spaced relationship in the axial direction longitudinally extending slit (33, 43, 68, 92, 233) and, a stress reducing structure such as a laterally extending slit 239 or enlarge the opening (39, 49, 69, 73) in the slit pairs in each of the proximal end in order to reduce that cracks across bending webs spread and forming. In another aspect, substantially parallel to the predetermined bend line and extending adjacent the longitudinal direction on both the slit piece pair (51, 52; 74, 76; 98, 99; 127) and elongated slit (43, 68, 92, 233) with It is formed. Lengthwise-extending slit pieces are connected by a transversely extending slit of the one or more intermediate pieces (53, 77, 101, 128). There is also disclosed a suitable slit sheet material bending.


The Chinese pine caterpillar Dendrolimus tabulaeformis is an important destructive leaf borer in boreal coniferous forests in China. This species overwinters in the larval stage. Changes in supercooling capacity and physiological-biochemical parameters of D. tabulaeformis larvae from a natural population were evaluated at different stages during the overwintering period. Cold hardiness of overwintering larvae collected in January was signifi cantly greater than that of larvae collected in other months. January larvae survived for 15 days at –10°C and for approximately 2 days at –15°C. By contrast, larvae collected in September survived for no more than 4 h at –5°C and those in November and March no more than 1 day at –15°C. Supercooling point gradually decreased from –5.9 ± 0.3°C in September to a minimum of –14.1 ± 1.0°C in November, then gradually increased to the original value with the advent of spring. Water content gradually decreased from September to November, remained at approximately 74.5% until March and then gradually increased to levels similar to those in September. The lipid content gradually decreased from September to November, remained stable at approximately 3.2% until March and then gradually increased to levels similar to those in September. Glycogen content increased to a peak in November and then decreased. The concentrations of several metabolites showed signifi cant seasonal changes. The most prominent metabolite was trehalose with a seasonal maximum in November. Glucose levels were highest in January and then gradually decreased until in May they were at levels similar to those in September. Glycerol levels remained relatively stable during winter but increased signifi cantly in May. This study indicates that D. tabulaeformis is a freeze-avoidant insect. Larvae increase their supercooling capacity by regulating physiological-biochemical parameters during overwintering. Our results provide the basis for further research into the mechanism of cold hardiness in this species. * Corresponding author; e-mail: email@example.com INTRODUCTION All stages of an insect's life cycle are affected by temperature. Low temperature is a key factor in insect growth and development and can impose strict limits on insect populations (Jing & Kang, 2002; Wang & Kang, 2014). To minimize the risk of damage by low ambient temperatures, overwintering insects often choose protected microhabitats such as the upper layer of soil, leaf litter or under snow, where temperature remains higher than air temperature (Lee, 1989; Danks, 2006; Feng et al., 2014). Insects also can adjust physiological-biochemical parameters to increase their supercooling capacity, thus enhancing their cold hardiness (Lee, 1989; Storey & Storey, 1991). The degree of cold hardiness effects on not only the survival, reproduction and spread of an insect population, but also population density the following year (Liu, 1963; Jing & Eur. J. Entomol. 115: 198–207, 2018 doi: 10.14411/eje.2018.018


This article deals with the operations control of factory with alternative sources used to reduce its own power supply. The basic conditions of this operation (factory operation conditions and algorithm conditions of controllers) are formulated. Two equivalent circuits with mathematical models were created. Created models are intended for use in control programs to calculate and predict all possible operating conditions and select the most appropriate state. First model is based on currents and second model is based on power for describing factory operations. Example of simulation of created control algorithm using Matlab is shown.


The growing-up of the youth has always been one of the focus concems in literature.Every period of history has produced many writings that highlight the tough experiences and growing pains of young generation.With their unique characteristics,these writings make themselves a neprasentatine of world literature.Number The Stars is one of the initiation stories.This paper analyses the young`s character——Annemarie's initiation into maturity in the background of war.Annemarie was a sinple littls girl.She grows quickly into a brave,strong-minded and responsible girl.She made her own contribution to war against Fascisms.


Kochia in North America as revised includes three species, two native and one introduced. A historical summary of work on the genus in North America is presented, and typification, distribution, and systematics of the species are discussed. Specimens from each county recorded are cited for the native species. As with most genera of Chenopodiaceae in North America, Kochia has long been neglected taxonomically and has become a persistent source of error. Not only are misidentifications frequent in herbaria, but doubt has continued to exist as to the number of taxa that should be recognized, the rank they should be assigned, and the distributional pattern they exhibit; nomenclatural questions also exist. It is toward solution of these problems that the present study is directed. Kochia was described by Roth in 1800 based on a single European species, K. arenaria (= K. laniflora , cf. Flora Europaea 1: 99). Since 1800, additions to the genus have been substantial; Airy Shaw (1973) provides the recent estimate of 90 species, these occurring primarily in Europe, Asia, and Australia. The complement of species found in North America is small, and consists of both native and introduced elements. Kochia first received serious taxonomie attention in North America in 1874 when Watson described two taxa: K. americana [var. americana ] and K. americana var. vestita. Later (1882), Watson described a second native species, K. californica. In 1906, Rydberg added yet another by elevating Watson's var. vestita to the level of species without explanation. The next milestone for the genus in North America was Standley's revision (1916), incorporated in his treatment of the Chenopodiaceae in North American Flora. Standley recognized four species: K. americana , K. vestita , K. californica, and the introduced K. scoparia ; he recognized no varieties. Most floristic treatments of Kochia in the United States have accepted the conclusions of Standley's revision. A few exceptions are apparent, however. Weber (1972), in his Rocky Mountain Flora, suggested that K. iranica Bornmueller is a conspicuous component of the Colorado flora and that it has been confused with K. scoparia. However, we have studied one of Weber's collections, Weber 12991 (GH, UC), of "iranica" and find it to be SIDA 7(}): 248-254. 1978. This content downloaded from 126.96.36.199 on Thu, 06 Oct 2016 04:33:53 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms


We have systematically studied the dependence of the electrical properties of Si‐doped (311)A GaAs on the growth conditions in molecular beam epitaxy and have established a phase diagram for the conduction type as functions of the growth temperature and the V4/III flux ratio. A sharp boundary is observed for the transition between the p‐ and n‐type conduction, on both sides of which the activation efficiency of Si is close to unity. Furthermore, it is found that, in contrast to the case of the (111)A GaAs, the conduction‐type conversion in Si‐doped (311)A GaAs does not show a clear correlation with the macroscopic surface morphology, suggesting that the mechanism for the conduction‐type conversion in Si‐doped (311)A GaAs is different from that for the (111)A orientation.


This chapter discusses three main aspects of the new rule: people, territory, and plebiscite. It also considers some objections to the new rule and its effects—including the possibility that it would make things worse. The chapter then answers those objections and provides a theoretical justification for the basic intuition that democratic decision-making by local majorities is a positive good. An important theme will emerge: In many respects, the new rule is flawed—in the same ways the current rule is. And in other respects, this flawed new rule offers something more in keeping with people's better natures. The new rule is principally designed to be used before a crisis; it provides a pathway for peaceful change so that crisis need not come.


A control apparatus for controlling a drive means (10, 36; 70) of a vehicle, wherein the drive means comprises a gear system (10; 70) comprising (A) a stepless speed change section (11) includes the (a1) includes a power switch (16) that a first rotary element (RE1), which is connected to an internal combustion engine (8), a second rotating element (RE2) connected to a first electric motor (M1) is connected, and a third rotary element (RE), which (with a transmission element 18) is connected, including, and (a2) a second electric motor (M2), which is provided in the force transmission between the gear element and a plurality of drive wheels (38) and which functions as an electrical continuously variable transmission, and (B) a staged speed change section (20; 72) representing a portion of the power transmission path, and acts as a stepped speed change section, wherein the control device comprises a differential mode switching means ( C0, B0), which switches the power switch selectively in the mode of a given differential function, in which the stepless speed change section functions as an electric CVT, and in the mode of a non given differential function, in which the stepless speed change section to function as an electric CVT, and a rotation speed -Synchronsteuereinrichtung (82, 84, 86) which, when a step-shifting control of the transmission system is performed with the first and / or second ...


This study was designed to determine the optimal high dose for cytosine arabinoside (ara-C) in combination with fludarabine, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, and mitoxantrone (FLAGM) in adult patients with relapsed or refractory acute myeloid leukemia. Nine patients were enrolled at increasing dosage levels of ara-C (8,12, and 16 g/m2 per dose level). Ara-C and fludarabine were administered once a day at level 1, once or twice a day at level 2, and twice a day at level 3. All patients had grade 4 hematologic toxicity.The most common adverse events were of grade 2 or less, with nausea and vomiting being the most common (6 events), followed by diarrhea (5 events), and rash (5 events). Of the 13 grade 3 nonhematologic toxicities reported, the 2 most common were febrile neutropenia (6 events) and disseminated intravascular coagulation (3 events). No early deaths were observed. FLAGM with high-dose ara-C was considered safe for patients, and the recommended dosage of ara-C in this study was 2 g/m2 every 12 hours for a total dose of 16 g/m2.


To take out a personal subscription, please click here More information about Pigment Cell & Melanoma Research at www.pigment.org Albinism in a patient with mutations at both the OA1 and OCA3 loci Fanny Morice-Picard, Eulalie Lasseaux, Claudio Plaisant, Dorothée Cailley, Julie Bouron, Caroline Rooryck, Didier Lacombe, Valérie Pelletier, Dan Lipsker, Yaumara Perdomo-Trujillo, Hél ène Dollfus and Benoit Arveiler


The characteristics of typhoon Ketsana slashing Hainan on 29 September 2009 and its influence on protected agriculture in the south of Hainan were described,and some countermeasures were presented to prevent the protected agriculture in South Hainan from typhoon attacks.


Low‐noise microphones designed to measure otoacoustic emissions from the human ear canal typically sample the sound field in the canal some 15–20 mm away from the eardrum. The input sound levels to the middle ear are usually defined as the sound‐pressure level ''at the eardrum.'' However, the well‐known phenomenon of standing waves produces a spatially nonuniform pressure for frequencies above 2–3 kHz. This phenomenon is demonstrated using physical simulation with a commonly used emission probe and the interpretation of the results are confirmed by simple acoustical theory. In addition, it is shown large (±20 dB) errors in the estimated eardrum sound pressure result from varying the position of the sound source in the canal. Theory, physical simulations and measurements in human ear canals are used to characterize the errors using various calibration procedures commonly employed in otoacoustic emission studies. It is predicted that the reliability of measurements of high‐frequency stimulated otoacoustic e...


Mexssub recently came to the aid of the Mexican state-owned oil company Pemex to repair corrosion problems on a 36-inch sour gas pipeline located in the Atasta-Ciudad Pemex corridor. Mexssub began development of a sleeve system in 1982 in an effort to develop solutions for risers located in the Campeche Bay area. High operating temperatures of these risers was causing failures of the protective coating and accelerated corrosion to the riser at the splash zone. The sleeve system and flexible habitat developed by Mexssub during this research program allowed the repair of these risers in situ and without suspending production. The sleeve system developed by Mexssub is a welded oversize sleeve with a specially formulated epoxy resin injected into the annular space. The epoxy resin completely integrates the sleeve and the pipe, providing structural reinforcement. This technology was demonstrated to Pemex at the Mexssub testing facility in Lerma, Mexico in 1986. In 1987 the Mexssub Sleeve System was approved by the Mexican Petroleum Institute and actual field repairs were initiated. To date, Mexssub has made in excess of 72 repairs in situ without suspending production on risers up to 36-inch diameter. Additionally, the sleeve system has been installed on 50more » new risers prior to their installation in the field.« less


The authors use a statistical regional climate model [Statistical Regional Model (STAR)] to project the Tibetan Plateau (TP) climate for the period 2015‐50. Reanalysis datasets covering 1958‐2001 are used as a substitute of observations and resampled by STAR to optimally fit prescribed linear temperature trends derived from the Max Planck Institute Earth System Model (MPI-ESM) simulations for phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5) under the representative concentration pathway 2.6 (RCP2.6)andRCP4.5scenarios.Toassesstherelateduncertainty, temperaturetrendsfromcarefullyselected best/worst ensemble members are considered. In addition, an extra projection is forced by observed temperaturetrendsin1958‐2001.Thefollowingresultsareobtained:(i)Spatialaveragetemperaturewillincrease by 0.68‐0.98C; the increase exceeds 18C in all months except in boreal summer, thus indicating a reduced annual cycle; and daily minimum temperature rises faster than daily maximum temperature, resulting in a narrowing of the diurnal range of near-surface temperature. (ii) Precipitation increase mainly occurs in early summer and autumn possibly because of an earlier onset and later withdrawal of the Asian summer monsoon. (iii) Both frost and ice days decrease by 1‐2 days in spring, early summer, and autumn, and the decrease of frost days on the annual course is inversely related to the precipitation increase. (iv) Degree-days increase all over the TP with peak amplitude in the Qaidam Basin and the southern TP periphery, which will result in distinct melting of the local seasonal frozen ground, and the annual temperature range will decrease with stronger amplitude in south TP.


Previous studies indicate that hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) scavenger catalase (CAT) reduced the protective effect of chronic exercise against endothelial dysfunction after acute exertion. We hypothesized that: 1) CAT protein is reduced after a single weight lifting (WL) session and 2) CAT expression is reduced in resistance compared to aerobic trained athletes. Gluteal fat biopsies were obtained in healthy, sedentary (SED), conditioned (EX, runners>15 miles/wk or WL>3x/wk), before and after a progressive leg press WL session. Resistance arteries (RA) from biopsies were cannulated for vascular reactivity measurements in response to acetylcholine (ACh; 10−9‐10−4M). H2O2 production and CAT protein were determined with DCF fluorescence and Western blot, respectively. All subjects had similar BP responses to WL. PEG‐CAT reduced ACh dilation and H2O2 of EX subjects post‐ WL. CAT protein was reduced 45 ± 1% and 69 ± 1% in adipose and resistance arteries of EX subjects post‐ WL, respectively (n=12). The exercise‐induced reduction in CAT protein was more pronounced in conditioned WL (61%; pre: 1.5 ± 0.2 vs. post: 0.6 ± 0.2) compared to runners (39%; pre: 1.5 ± 0.5 vs. post: 0.9 ± 0.3) and SED (26%; pre: 1.1 ± 0.2 vs. post: 0.8 ± 0.1). These data indicate that reduced CAT protein following acute exertion may rise more pronounced in RA of trained athletes compared to sedentary subjects. NIH (K23HL085614).


• Discuss the bones of the pectoral and pelvic girdles, and describe how these unite the limbs with the axial skeleton • Describe the bones of the upper limb, including the bones of the arm, forearm, wrist, and hand • Identify the features of the pelvis and explain how these differ between the adult male and female pelvis • Describe the bones of the lower limb, including the bones of the thigh, leg, ankle, and foot • Describe the embryonic formation and growth of the limb bones


We demonstrate a Ga0.47In0.53As field-effect transistor with an extremely highly doped (2 × 1018 cm−3 and ultrathin (140 A) channel layer. A transconductance of 80 mS/mm was measured for a device with a gate length of 2 μm. A photo-conductive detector made from this structure is also reported. This structure may be useful for integrated photo-receiver applications.


The article describes the conceptions and first results of an enrichment study to the international comparative study on the efficacy of teacher education, Mathematics Teaching in the 21st Century (MT21). The study focuses on the professional knowledge of future teacher students in three countries – Australia, Germany and Hong Kong – with regard to the mathematical areas of modelling and argumentation and proof. After describing the theoretical framework and the applied methodological approach some selected results with regard to argumentation and proof are presented.


It is shown that: icebreakers with traditional hull shape have no parallel middlebody, but do have numerous bent parts with double curvature that are labor-intensive to produce; new hull forms are of interest for their ice performance, especially for flat-ice service or when considerable channel clearance is needed; the labor content for the construction of icebreakers with flat lines may be as much as 17% lower than that for traditional icebreakers, and may be reduced further if the hull includes a parallel middlebody and if nearly cylindrical plating replaces double-curvature shell plating; in researching icebreaker hull form, attention should chiefly be given the improvement of ice qualities, the development of efficient lines for both bow and stern, and the minimization of plating breaking lines if there are flat lines.


s 103 Different Synthetic Approaches to Luteinizing Hormone-Releasing Hormone (LH-RH) Dieter Gillessen, Hans Künzi, Arnold Trzeciak, Gaetano Roncari, and Rolf 0. Studer Chemical Research Department, F. Hoffmann-La Roche & Co. Ltd., CH-4002 Basel (Switzerland) Several synthetic approaches to luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LH-RH), a decapeptidamide with the sequence pGlu-His-Trp-Ser-Tyr-GlyLeu-Arg-Pro-Gly-NH2 were evaluated. A solid phase synthesis was carried out according to the general procedure of Merrifield using dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) as coupling agent and the £er/-butyloxycarbonyl (Boc) group for protection of the amino group of all amino acids except pyroglutamic acid. The latter was introduced in form of its pentachlorophenylester. For protection of the functional side-chains the benzyl group was used for serine and tyrosine, the dinitrophenyl group for histidine and the nitro group for arginine. The pro tected decapeptide was cleaved from the resin by transesterification. Subsequent treatment with HF, followed by ammonolysis and purification yielded pure LH-RH. When the peptide was directly cleaved from the resin by ammonolysis, considerable forma tion of ornithine instead of arginine containing material was observed, thus making the purification to homogeneous product extremely difficult1. The general strategy of the various synthesis by classical methods consisted in condensation of three preformed fragments by the azide, the DCC/hydroxysuccinimide (1-hydroxy-benzotriazole) or mixed anhydride procedure and is outlined in the scheme. These building blocks differed from each other either by variation of the protecting groups or by representing different sections of the deca peptide. All protected decapeptides were deblocked by treatment with liquid HF, except the material ob tained in synthesis A, where trifluoroacetic acid was used. Purification was achieved either by partition chromatography or by gel filtration and ion exchange chromatography. The final products of all syntheses were identical with each other, homogeneous, show ing after chymotryptic digestion the expected three peptide fragments and possessed full biological acti vity. As most convenient synthesis in our hands proved to be approach E. The C-terminal tetrapeptide was prepared by two consecutive mixed anhydride reac tions of Z-Pro-OH with free glycine and of the re sulting Z-Pro-Gly-OH 9 with ammonia, followed by hydrogenation and condensation with Z-Arg(Tos)OH by the DCC procedure. This tripeptide was without further purification decarbobenzoxylated and coupled with Z-Leu-ONp to yield the cristalline protected tetrapeptide. Fragments used in the different classical synhtheses a.


SUMMARY In this paper we consider the benchmark nonlinear control problem and use backstepping to design several active controllers for tracking and disturbance attenuation; these two problems are much more challenging than stabilization. We show that the significant flexibility of backstepping can be exploited to reduce the required control e⁄ort and to eliminate the winding problem. ( 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


To improve the wear-resisting property of titanium alloy(Ti6A14V),an experiment of laser cladding(Ti +Al/Ni)/(Cr_2O_3+CeO_2)on titanium alloy by pulsed Nd:YAG laser had been carried out.The microstructure of the clad layer was investigated,and the microhardness was measured.The friction and wear properties of the clad layer were examined in atmosphere.It was found that the microstructures of the clad layer were dispersive undissolved Cr_2O_3 particles and orbed liquid-precipitated Cr_2O_3 distributed in the matrixes consisting of fir-tree crystals and eutectics.And a small amount of TiAl ceramic hardening particles was existed.The hardness of the clad zone increased obviously,the maximum was 1150HV,3~4 times of the substrate.A white narrow metallurgical bonding zone was formatted at interface between the cladding and the substrate,about 10~20μm. The friction coefficients of the clad layer in dry sliding wear were ranged from 0.2 to 0.3.And the rate of wearing was 4~5 times lower than that of Ti6A14V alloy guide samples.


Plant NAC transcription factors play vital roles in diverse biological processes, especially in response to stress. However, only a limited number of the FtNAC genes have been cloned and functionally analyzed in Tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum (L.) Gaertn.), which is a coarse grain crop that is highly resistant to abiotic stress. Here, we identified seven Tartary buckwheat FtNAC genes, namely FtNAC11, FtNAC12, FtNAC26, FtNAC28, FtNAC65, FtNAC70, and FtNAC78. Multiple-sequence alignments revealed that all of them contained the conserved NAM domain, which consisted of the A, B, C, D, and E subdomains. Seven NAC proteins were classified into six subgroups based on phylogenetic analyses. Cis-acting regulatory elements analyses (CARE) indicated that there were numerous CAREs related to biotic and abiotic responses and hormone responses in the promoters of FtNAC genes. qRT-PCR showed that they were tissue-specifically expressed and could be induced by four out of six treatments, namely PEG, NaCl, cold, MeJA, ABA, and GA, implying that they were abiotic and hormone responsive. Among these, FtNAC70 was the most strongly induced gene and could be induced by all six treatments. Meanwhile, FtNAC70-overexpressed Arabidopsis showed more resistance to salt and drought. The identification, phylogenetics, expression, and functional study of seven stress-responsive FtNAC genes laid a foundation for further research on the molecular mechanism of abiotic stress regulated by NAC TFs in Tartary buckwheat.


Copyright © 2013 by The Geochemical Society of Japan. Mathematical models and numerical simulations are necessary for risk assessment, monitoring, and assessment of the feasibility and financial issues associated with CO2 storage. There are a number of mathematical and numerical models applied to specific problems related to CO2 storage such as storage potential and capacity, leakage, groundwater quality, and CO2-trapping mechanisms in geological formations. Gaus et al. (2008) provided a detailed overview of geochemical and transport modeling approaches for CO2 storage and discussed their progress over the last 10 years. Numerical modeling of CO2 storage is usually divided into 3 categories; hydrodynamic, batch geochemical, and reactive transport modeling. The Eclipse code developed by Schlumberger is widely used for pure flow or hydrodynamic modeling of CO2 injection in the oil and gas industry. Batch geochemical modeling simulates geochemical fluid-rock interactions occurring in a formation. Since no-flow conditions are considered during batch geochemical simulation, batch modeling is ideal for modeling static laboratory experiments (e.g., Holubnyak et al., 2011). Not accounting for 2-D numerical modeling of CO2-water-caprock interactions at a potential CO2 storage site in Turkey


Ergasilus lizae, Nipergasilus bora, Caligus orientalis and Lernanthropsis mugili are parasite of Mugil soiuy and M. cephalus in the waters of Primorsky Region. E. lisa infects both hosts. C. orientalis is endemic of the north-east Pacific.


The application of Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), in solving minimum time trajectory optimization
problem, studied in this paper. The ascent phase of a launch vehicle trajectory is considered, due to its highly nonlinear nature. It is one of the challenging problems in optimization scenario. Achieving the target in minimum time and error, satisfying all the constraints is the major objective. A highly nonlinear complex system, launch vehicle, is considered with the control parameter as its angle of attack. It is proved that, PSO approach outperforms other such type of optimization, procedures in trajectory optimization scenario, by providing better accuracy. The numerical results are evaluated, analyzed and presented in a MATLAB simulation environment.


The utility model discloses a four-stage evaporative cooling combined air conditioning unit, wherein a primary filtering segment, a hot-pipe indirect evaporative cooler, a wind return mixing segment, a surface cooler, a direct evaporative cooler, a heater and a fan are arranged in the housing in order according to the air feeding direction, the surface cooler is communicated with mechanical refrigerating system outside the housing. The four-stage evaporative cooling combined air conditioning unit has simple structure, and can perform full-year indoor air exhaust (cold/hot recovery) and utilizes evaporative cooling technique for free refrigeration in transitional season of spring and autumn, and is low in refrigeration cost, economy and environment-friendly. The utility model can meet the requirement of full-year air conditioning in dry area of our country and also meet the requirement of full-year air conditioning in medium-humidity and high-humidity area of our country.


Koehler-Vandergraaf briefly delineates the historic, feminist and native themes in McIntyre's colourful, embossed lithographs. The artist's material and intellectual processes are described as an accretion of textural and conceptual layers connoting the passage of time. Artist's statement. Biographical notes.


Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is a new respiratory disease that is caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). First described in December 2019, in Wuhan, China, the virus rapidly spread across continents leading to an enormous global public health crisis. To date, it has infected more than 35.6 million people worldwide, with a case fatality rate of 2.9 percent. Although massive research has been published on this subject, the majority involve adults, and yet, neonates have not been spared by the disease. Currently, there are more questions than answers, and available evidence is changing rapidly. Compared to adults, infected neonates are more likely to be asymptomatic or to develop non-specific multisystemic features; and to have favorable outcomes. At present, no specific therapy or vaccine has been approved for use in neonates with COVID-19, and the current treatment protocols are informed by expert consensus, and extrapolation of adult recommendations. In this review, we conjugate the current evidence regarding transmission, diagnosis, management, outcome, and prevention of COVID-19 in neonates.


The development of reliable stock market models has enabled investors to make better-informed decisions. Investors may be able to locate companies that offer the highest dividend yields and lower their investment risks by using a trading strategy. The degree to which stock prices are significantly correlated, however, makes stock market analysis more complicated when using batch processing methods. The stock market prediction has entered a time of advanced technology with the rise of technological wonders like global digitalization. The significance of artificial intelligence models has greatly increased as a result of the significantly enhance in market capitalization. Because it builds a strong time-series framework based on Deep Learning (DL) for predicting future stock prices, the proposed study is novel. Deep learning has recently enjoyed considerable success in some domains due to its exceptional capacity for handling data. For instance, it is commonly used in financial disciplines such as trade execution strategies, portfolio optimization, and stock market forecasting. In this research, we propose a structure based on Mobile U-Net V3 and a hybrid of a (Mobile U-Net V3-BiLSTM) with BiLSTM to forecast the closing prices of Apple, Inc. and S&P 500 stock data. The Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE), Mean Squared Error (MSE), Pearson's Correlation (R), and Normalization Root Mean Squared Error (NRMSE) metrics were utilized to calculate the outcomes of the DL stock prediction methods. The Mobile U-Net V3-BiLSTM model outperformed other techniques for forecasting stock market prices.


High-dimensional multi-omics data sets are increasingly accessible and now routinely being generated as part of medical and biological experiments. However, the ability to infer mechanisms of these data remains low due to the abundance of confounding data. The gap between data generation and interpretation highlights the need for strategies to harmonize and distill complex multi-omics data sets into concise, mechanistic descriptions. To this end, a four-step analysis approach for multiomics data is herein demonstrated, comprising: filling missing data and harmonizing data sources, inducing sparsity, developing mechanistic models, and interpretation. This strategy is employed to generate a parsimonious mechanistic model from high-dimensional transcriptomics and metabolomics data collected from a murine model of Clostridioides difficile infection. This approach highlighted the role of the Stickland reactor in the production of toxins during infection, in agreement with recent literature. The methodology present here is demonstrated to be feasible for interpreting multi-omics data sets and it, to the authors knowledge, one of the first reports of a successful implementation of such a strategy.


Diabetes mellitus is an increasingly important condition, the vast majority of cases being of the type 2 variety. More than four hundred million people lived with diabetes mellitus in the world in 2014, according to the World Health Organization (1). Diabetes mellitus is frequently associated with cardio-vascular disease, and the simultaneous presence of both conditions is associated with a significant mortality risk (2).


Targeting immune inhibitory (CTLA-4, PD-1) or stimulatory (OX-40, 4-1BB) co-receptors has proven a potent anti-cancer therapeutic strategy, eliciting robust anti-tumor T cell responses and compelling pre-clinical and clinical data in a variety of cancers. We have previously shown in pre-clinical models that 4-1BB agonist antibodies engender strong anti-tumor T cell responses, imparting enhanced survival benefit in addition to evoking durable tumor regression. This impressive anti-tumor effect is due, in part, to the unique ability of 4-1BB co-stimulation to differentiate a novel subset of T cells that acquires a highly cytotoxic effector profile typically only seen in NK cells. This subset-dubbed ThEO (CD4+) or TcEO (CD8+)-is driven by the T-box transcription factor Eomesodermin, and is further characterized by expression of the inhibitory receptor KLRG1. We show here that, despite their strong effector function and expression of several co-inhibitory receptors (PD-1, TIM-3, KLRG1), the ThEO/TcEO phenotype establishes immunological memory and recalls with high frequency upon secondary tumor challenge with potent anti-tumor effector function. Further, these cells manifest characteristics of central memory (Tcm), effector memory (Tem), as well as stem cell memory (Tscm), and reside in multiple memory niches. These findings provide mechanistic insight into the process of memory formation and give evidence for the capacity of ThEO/TcEO cells to prevent tumor recurrence.


This paper makes use of time-frequency analysis to process nonstationarity signal,then extracts the time-frequency distribution of the nonstationarity signal.Both linear time-frequency analysis and quadratic time-frequency analysis are brought to process a simulated signal,and the result shows that the resolution of the time-frequency distribution which comes from the quadratic time-frequency analysis is better.The simulation result proves that quadratic time-frequency analysis is an effective method to process nonstationarity signal.


We construct a flat model structure on the category $_{\mathcal{Q},R}{\mathsf{Mod}}$ of additive functors from a small preadditive category $\mathcal{Q}$ satisfying certain conditions to the module category $_{R}{\mathsf{Mod}}$ over an associative ring $R$, whose homotopy category is the $\mathcal{Q}$-shaped derived category introduced by Holm and Jorgensen. Moreover, we prove that for an arbitrary associative ring $R$, an object in $_{\mathcal{Q},R}{\mathsf{Mod}}$ is Gorenstein projective (resp., Gorenstein injective, Gorenstein flat, projective coresolving Gorenstein flat) if and only if so is its value on each object of $\mathcal{Q}$, and hence improve a result by Dell'Ambrogio, Stevenson and \v{S}\v{t}ov\'{\i}\v{c}ek.


We propose a measurement method of curvature radius and shell thickness of laser fusion capsule by combining computer vision and virtual laser differential confocal technology. We use a CCD to photograph the surface of the capsule, to obtain the subpixel coordinates of the contour edge of the capsule. The qualified capsule can be quickly selected by using the least square fitting algorithm to fit the outer curvature radius. We then use the virtual laser differential confocal detection device to measure the position of the vertex on the outer surface of the capsule, the vertex on the inner surface of the capsule and the center of the capsule. Based on the characteristic that the zero-crossing of the laser differential confocal curve accurately corresponds to the focus of the objective lens, the outer and inner curvature radius and shell thickness of the capsule are measured precisely. The experimental results show that the repeatability of measurement of the outer curvature radius, inner curvature radius and shell thickness are 23 nm, 41 nm and 41 nm, respectively. Compared with the existing measurement methods, the capsule whose curvature radius and shell thickness are qualified can be accurately and quickly selected from the batch capsule using the method, which provides a technical support to the quality characterization of the laser fusion capsule.


Objective To analyze the clinical manifestations and the effects of surgical management on progressive restrictive strabismus acquired in infancy.Methods Thirteen cases with progressive restrictive strabismus acquired in infancy were retrospectively summarized.Results In the 13 cases,the gender ratio was 2.25:l,the onset of age was 1 month to 3 years and the progressive course was 1 month to 2 years.There were 2 eyes hypertropia (15.4% (2/13)); 2 eyes hypotropia (15.4% (2/13)); 2 eyes esotropia and hypotropia (15.4% (2/13)); 1 eye was exotropia and hypotropia (7.7% (1/13)); 3 eyes were exotropia (23.1% (3/13)); 3 eyes were exotropia and hypertropia (23.1% (3/13)).All 13 cases had no family history of strabismus.The methods of surgical were weakened affected muscles including recession,hang-back or severed.The clinical manifestations were improved in 10 eyes after surgery.Conclusions Progressive restrictive strabismus is an rare acquired strabismus,often involve monocular,with severely restricted motility and large angle restrictive unilateral strabismus developing over a period of a few times in infancy in otherwise normal children who has normal eye alignment and movements at birth.The etiology is unknown currently.Surgical treatment of these eases is difficult and outcomes are variable according to the condition.

Key words:
Ocular motility disorders;  Oculomotor muscles;  Restrictive strabismus;  etiology;  Ophthalmologic surgical procedures


In the Gitlin and Weinstein paper, Fig. 3 and Formula (15) give the following result: the equalized signal, called u(t), is analytic, i.e., its real and imaginary parts are a Hilbert transform pair. This result is contradictory with the fact that in QAM, Re{u(t)} contains in-phase data an, and Im{u(t)} contains independent quadrature data b«. It is worthwhile to make the three following points: (i) q(t) in Formula (13), is not analytic since We is within the band of s(t). Therefore, q(t) cannot be written as q(t) + jq(t) as it was done on page 281. Consequently, u(t) is complex but not analytic and its real and imaginary parts are not Hilbert transform. q(t) and u(t) are analytic if We is on the edges of the band of s(t) or outside this band as is the case in single sideband systems. (ii) In Formula (9), s(t) is analytic if and only if P(w) = 0; Iwl ~We. (iii) On page 280, it should be noted that 'B(t) should be given by the convolution of %xB(t)e8 withp(t), where 0 = 4X'(we ) . The factor %was indeed mentioned in the Appendix, Formula (62).


Investigations of the short range-structure of (60-x)MnF 2 , 40BaCl 2 , xMnCl 2 (mol %) (x=0,10,20,30) glasses have been undertaken using extended x-ray absorption fine structure, wide angle x-ray scattering and visible ultraviolet techniques


If the average risk-adjusted growth rate of the project's present value V overcomes the discount rate but is dominated by the average risk-adjusted growth rate of the cost I of entering the project, a non-standard double continuation region can arise: The firm waits to invest in the project if V is insufficiently above I as well as if V is comfortably above I. Under a framework with diffusive uncertainty, we give exact characterization to the value of the option to invest, to the structure of the double continuation region, and to the subset of the primitives' values that support such a region.


The influence of thermolysis time on the absorption spectra of partially thermally dehydrochlorinated polyvinyl chloride in acetophenone solution is studied. Strong increase in the optical density Dλ of the dehydrochlorinated PVC samples is caused by the increasing amount N-C=С- and the length of chains of conjugated double bonds of carbon -C = C-. It is noted that the optical density Dλ first increases linearly with dehydrochlorination time and then reaches saturation. The estimation of amount of double conjugated carbon bonds in 1ml versus thermolysis time t is given, which varies between N-С=С- = 4·1017 – 7.4·1018 for t from 40 to 420 minutes. The effective capture cross section of a photon on conjugated double bonds of carbon for dehydrochlorinated PVC solution in acetophenone is estimated, which was about 10-17 cm2 . The analysis is done of the absorption curves «red» shift to longer wavelengths with growth of N-С=С- upon increase of thermolysis time. It is noted that the dependence of the optical density on the wavelength in this range is well described by a simple exponential function.


The usual form for the quasi-solution of the equations is that ω(x,t)=1+e(mx+nt+ξ0) when homogeneous balance method is employed to solve nonlinear partial differential equations.The present paper attempts to extend the form of quasi-solution ω(x,t)=1+e(mx+nt+ξ0) to ω(x,t)=A+Be(mx+nt+ξ0) and obtain a more general form of BBM's exact solutions by using an extended homogeneous balance method.


The sol-gel process was used to create a new type of polypyrrole-Stannous(II)tungstate nanocomposite by poly(N-methyl pyrrole (PNMPy) sol in Stannous(II)tungstate gel, produced separately using sodium silicotungstic acid and Tn(II)chloride. Tin(II)tungstate (SnWO3) was made by changing the mixing volume ratios of SnWO3 and with a constant amount of an organic polymer. The composite was characterized by TGA, XRD, FTIR, and SEM measurements. A commercially available glassy carbon electrode (GCE) was modified with PNMPy/nano-Stannous(II)WO3 nanocomposites to create a chemical sensor for selective detection of Hg2+ ions using an effective electrochemical methodology. In the I-V technique, selectively toxic Hg2+ ion was targeted selectively, which shows a rapid reaction toward PNMPy/nano-Stannous(II)WO3/Nafion/GCE sensor. It also demonstrates long-term stability, an ultra-low detection limit, exceptional sensitivity, and excellent reproducibility and repeatability. For 0.1 mM to 1.0 nM aqueous Hg2+ ion solution, a linear calibration plot (r2: 0.9993) was achieved, with a suitable sensitivity value of 2.8241 AM−1 cm−2 and an extraordinarily low detection limit (LOD) of 3.40.1 pM (S/N = 3). As a result, the cationic sensor modified by PNMPy/nano-Stannous(II)WO3/GCE could be a promising electrode.


Objective To investigate the effects of tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) on proliferation,metastasis and drug resistance-related gene of cervical cancer Hela cells.Methods Hela cells were stimulated by exogenous TNF-α at different time points(0~24h),then gene expressions of cyclinD1,A20,calcineurin(CaN),matrix metalloproteinase(MMP-1,MMP-9),metallothionein(MT-1,MT-2) were detected at mRNA level by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR).Results At different time points post-TNF-α stimulation(20m,1h,6h,24h),the expression of cyclinD1,A20,CaN,MMP-1,MMP-9,MT-1,MT-2 mRNA changed in varous degree.After Hela cells were stimulated by exogenous TNF-α,the expression of cyclinD1、MMP-1,MT-2 mRNA reached the peak at 6h and fell back at 24h,and the expression of A20,CaN,MMP-9,MT-1 mRNA reached the peak at 1h and fell back at 24h.Conclusions TNF-α-induced expressions of cyclinD1,A20,CaN,MMP-1,MMP-9,MT-1 and MT-2 mRNA in Hela cells is time-dependent,which suggests that TNF-α may be able to promote cervical cancer cells proliferation,metastasis and drug resistance.


Natural selection. Fitness. The animal as strategist. Why sex? Sexual selection: competing for mates. Sexual selection: mate chioce. Comparative reproduction strategies. Life history strategy. Sex allocation. Sexual development and differentiation. Human reproduction: competition. Human reproduction: investment. Bibliography. Glossary.


The study tries to assess the Quality of Service (QOS) for mobile internet services in the ways assessment involves identifying user perception to assess consumer experience of the mobile internet services they were using. A survey led to the gathering of important information on QOS for mobile internet, which has been analyzed further. The information from the survey pertains to the awareness levels among consumers regarding their data plans, overall satisfaction, Indonesia Telecommunication Regulatory Authority (BRTI) and its regulations on QOS, etc. Some of the key overarching observations are highlighted in the section. Through user perception-based survey that complements and supplements the rigorous evaluation of the Quality of Service provided to customers in a variety of geographies during the delivery of several different types of information, the study in this paper has filled a major gap in the understanding of the current scenario.


The paper reviewed the change of vernacular historical settlement protection since the last century, revealed a progress beginning from open-air buildings museum, via homeland museum and community museum, and going to ecomuseum. In the progress, the protection idea and method changes from expensive protective projects schemed by social elites to heritage protection managed by inhabitance of heritage areas democratically and combined with community development.


This paper presents the results of axial compression testing and numerical modeling on reinforced concrete columns (RCC) with normal concrete (NC) and high-strength concrete (HSC), RCC confined by glass-fiber reinforced plastic pipes (GRP) casing as well as carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP), The major parameters evaluated in the experiments were the effects of concrete type, GRP casing and CFRP wrapping, as well as the number of CFRP layers. 12 cylindrical RCC (150×600 mm) were prepared and divided into two groups, NC and HSC. Each group was divided into two parts; with and without GRP casing. In each part, one column was without CFRP strengthening layer, a column was wrapped with one CFRP layer and another column with two CFRP layers. All columns were tested under concentrated compression load. Numerical modeling was performed using ABAQUS software and the results of which were compared with experimental findings. A good agreement was found between the results. Results indicated that the utilization of CFRP wrapping and GRP casing improved compression capacity and ductility of RCC. The addition of one and two layer-FRP wrapping increased capacity in the NC group to an average of 18.5% and 26.5% and in the HSC group to an average of 10.2% and 24.8%. Meanwhile, the utilization of GRP casing increased the capacity of the columns by 3 times in the NC group and 2.38 times in the HSC group. The results indicated that although both CFRP wrapping and GRP casing increased confinement, the GRP casing gave more increase capacity and ductility of the RCC due to higher confinement. Furthermore, the confinement effect was higher on NC group.


Objective: To select good materials to fill deciduous caries . Methods:178 teeth with deciduous caries were divided into three groups randomly,and filled separately with glass ionomer silver reinforced restorative ,light-cured composite and glass ionomer with follow-up of two years. Results: The success rate in group of glass ionomer silver reinforced restorative was 91.80%,group of light-cured composite 72.41% and group of glass ionomer 74.58%.The difference were statistically significant between group of glass ionomer silver reinforced restorative and light-cured composite; group of glass ionomer silver reinforced restorative and glass ionomer,respectively(P0.05). The difference was not statistically significant between group of light-cured composite and glass ionomer(P0.05). Conclusion: The glass ionomer silver reinforced restorative works better than light-cured composite and glass ionomer and is a ideal filling material for deciduous caries.


Aimed at the problems existing in computation of the pipeline designed discharge in planning of municipal sewage system under GIS platform, and based on the structural analysis of municipal sewage system, a designed discharge computation model was established using recursive algorithm. The recursive computation program was compiled with examples, and the feasibility of the model was verified.


In reconfigurable computing systems, are evolving rapidly, due to their flexibility and high performance. In this paper, we focus on communication cost between partitions in order to develop an algorithm to solve temporal partitioning problems for reconfigurable architecture. In fact, this algorithm optimizes the transfer of data required between design partitions. The proposed algorithm was tested on several examples on the Xilinx Virtex-II pro. The results show significant reduction in the communication cost compared with others famous approaches used in this field. 


R134a is a widely used environment-friendly hydrofluorocarbon (HFC) refrigerant. As its leakage can cause equipment to work abnormally, the leakage detection of R134a is necessary in the fabrication of related products. The traditional detection methods for R134a have the problems of high cost, large size, and high lower detection limit. In this work, a new R134a leak detection system which is based on an ultrasound assisted metal oxide semiconductor (MOS) gas sensor is designed. The system is based on the principle that the bulk acoustic wave (BAW) can increase the sensitivity of MOS gas sensors and reduce its lower detection limit (LDL), and combines embedded technology, wireless communication technology, network communication protocols and WeChat mini program. Experimental tests have shown that the system performs reliably and significantly reduces the lower detection limit for R134a, and realizes remote interactive control and data visualization.


In this paper,the authors investigate the first boundary value problem for equations of the form with An existence theorem of solution in BV_(1,1/2)(Q_T)is proved.The principal condition is that there exists δ0 such that for any(x,t)∈Q_T,|u|≤M a~(ij)(u,x,t)ξ_iξ_j-δ(a_(x_θ)~(ij)(u,x,t)ξ_i)~2≥0. a, ~=1