IN 1996, BRITISH NOVELIST Martin Amis noted that society was smitten with "Darcymania," a term he coined to describe the release of multiple Jane Austen film adaptations in the mid 1990s. Fourteen years later, it appears that the world is still in the midst of an Austen craze, from the 2007 film Becoming Jane to the recent novels Pride and Prejudice and Zombies and Sense and Sensibility and Sea Monsters. One could easily estimate that the "industry" of Jane Austen is a multi-million dollar affair spanning a myriad of derivative products and services. This has been possible because the 2000s' incarnation of Darcymania is no longer limited to the original Austen stories, but instead is less targeting "mainstream" Janeites and more those with interests beyond the original plotlines. Marketers are smartly playing to a demographic familiar with and loyal to Austen novels, but perhaps ready to explore fresh stories and some variety. As scholar Dianne Sadoff writes in her recent essay "AIarketing Jane Austen at the Megaplex," certain demographics can now be channeled toward "an "ancillary market and its various exhibition windows." The niche Austen market and its composite offshoots are also prime examples of Long Tail economics in action - that is, the recent growth of and capitalization upon markets serving smaller and smaller niches as a byproduct of the Internet. Although targeting smaller groups of people with more particular interests seems counterintuitive to reaping profits and netting a large audience, Long Tail economics is proving to be a powerful new tool for marketers. The "Long Tail" refers to the fact that a significant share of a population lies in the tail end of a distribution - in this case, that minority tastes in the aggregate control a significant share of the market. The application of the "Long Tail" to demand for commercial goods and services implies that there are untapped, lucrative micro-markets that exist within many commercial industries. In traditional economic thinking, we might assume that the larger the market, the larger the potential reward. However, the Long Tail effect suggests that aggregating huge numbers of small markets can be quite profitable. Historically the price of identifying, tailoring products for, and distributing to small niche markets has exceeded the economic benefits. These markets were therefore usually ignored. But the rise of Internet commerce has dramatically lowered costs of entry, opening these niche markets to a host of suppliers. Thanks to affinity marketing and data mining techniques, the cost of identifying niche markets is now just a function of website design. Joseph Pine created and popularized the concept of "mass customization," which is the use of flexible computer-aided design and manufacturing systems to produce custom products at price points similar or equal to traditional mass production techniques. This step change in the cost of producing limited run products is a key element in the opening of myriad niche markets. Finally, the rise of FedEx and UPS, combined with modern warehousing and direct shipping to the end customer are another critical element in changing Long Tail niche markets form academic curiosity to a significant driver of today's business. The key is to affordably commercialize and reach these micro -markets. Traditional marketing says to identify a homogenous subset of the market and target that demographic with company- and product-focused marketing campaigns. Through these advertisements, the firm hopes to build brand loyalty in order to maintain sales after the original advertising campaigns. For any regular company, it would make the most sense to advertise only items with mainstream, not niche, appeal, as advertising to a niche demographic is a risky venture requiring large investment and production costs. Indeed, stories about failed niche products abound, either as a result of poor marketing or just poor product development. …


Precision farming is one of the ways of transition to the intensive methods of agricultural production. The case of application of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) for solving problems of agriculture and animal husbandry is among the actively studied issues. The UAV is capable of solving the tasks of monitoring, fertilizing, herbicides, etc. However, the effective use of UAV requires to solve the tasks of flight planning, taking into account the heterogeneity of the available attachments and the problem solved in the process of the overflight. This research investigates the problem of flight planning of a group of heterogeneous UAVs applied to solving the issues of coverage, which may arise both in the course of monitoring and in the process of the implementation of agrotechnical measures. The method of coverage path planning of heterogenic UAVs group based on a genetic algorithm is proposed; this method provides planning of flight by a group of UAVs using a moving ground platform on which UAVs are recharged and refueled (multi heterogenic UAVs coverage path planning with moving ground platform (mhCPPmp)). This method allows calculating a fly by to solve the task of covering fields of different shapes and permits selecting the optimal subset of UAVs from the available set of devices; it also provides a 10% reduction in the cost of a flyby compared to an algorithm that does not use heterogeneous UAVs or a moving platform.


We propose a new approach to human clothing modeling based on point clouds. Within this approach, we learn a deep model that can predict point clouds of various outfits, for various human poses, and for various human body shapes. Notably, outfits of various types and topologies can be handled by the same model. Using the learned model, we can infer the geometry of new outfits from as little as a single image, and perform outfit retargeting to new bodies in new poses. We complement our geometric model with appearance modeling that uses the point cloud geometry as a geometric scaffolding and employs neural point-based graphics to capture outfit appearance from videos and to re-render the captured outfits. We validate both geometric modeling and appearance modeling aspects of the proposed approach against recently proposed methods and establish the viability of point-based clothing modeling.


The characteristics of oscillatory pipe flow driven by the reciprocating motion of a magnetic fluid column are examined mainly under the conditions where the waveform of the oscillating magnetic field is rectangular. The displacement of the fluid column for the rectangular waveform of the magnetic field is larger than that for the sinusoidal waveform. The phase difference between the magnetic field and the displacement of the fluid column increases with the frequency of the applied magnetic field in the lower frequency region. However, it decreases with the frequency in the higher frequency region, in contrast to the sinusoidal waveform. Experimental data on the vibrating characteristics agree qualitatively with the predicted results. The response of the fluid column to sudden change of the magnetic field strength is also examined.


The tectonic framework and rifting patterns of the Fushan Depressron in Hainan were controlled by basement major faults. There developed deep and shallow two wets of fault systems with different occurrence and active features. The former was advantageous to hydrocarbon screening and pool formation, and the later resulted in the dispersion of oil and gas and the destruction of hydrocarbon pools. In the Fushan Depression of Hainan, faults of two kinds, four genetic types and eight active models were developed, and basement major faults had important controlling roles to the distribution of bydrocarbon source rocks, the formation of traps and the migration and accumulation of oil and gas. Also, reverse fault screening and consequent fault dredging two kinds including six types of pool-forming models for hydrocarbon migration and accumulation were developed.


Objective To establish an individualized regimen for transperineal prostate biopsy.Methods The techenology of prostate biopsy in our unit have evolved from finger guided,transrectal ultrasound(TRUS) guided,and magnetic resonance diffusion weighted imaging(MRD) and TRUS jointly guided transperineal prostate biopsy.The clinical data of 1,044 patients with suspected prostate cancer,who underwent transperineal prostate biopsy in our hospital between Jan.2005 and Dec.2010,were retrospectively analyzed.We began to use individualized prostate biopsy protocol in 2009,in which we determined the biopsy cores and position of transperineal prostate biopsy according to the following factors: digital rectal examination(DRE),TRUS,magnetic resonance diffusion weighted imaging,MRD,total prostate specific antigen(PSA),adjusted PSA,age-specific PSA,F/T(≤0.2 or 0.16),PSA density(≤ or 0.15 ng·mL-1·mL-1),PSA speed(≤ or 0.75·mL-1·year-1),thickness of prostate peripheral zone(≤ or 0.5 cm).We also compared the total detective rates of Pca between the individualized puncture regimen and traditional regimen and the rates in patients with PSA≤20 μg/L.Results The detective rate of Pca in 1,641 cases receiving prostate biopsy during Jan.2000 to Dec.2010 was 52.1%.Among them 1,044 patients received TRUS-guided transperineal prostate biopsy from Jan.2005,with the detective rate for Pca being 52.0%(543/1,044).A further modified individualized regimen for transperineal prostate biopsy was used during Jan.2009 to Dec.2010,which achieved a PCa detective rate of 60.7% and an early PCa detective rate of 44.1% in patients with PSA≤20 μg/L;the rates were significantly higher than those of the 3 above-mentioned periods(P0.05).Conclusions The individualized regimen with emphasized-puncture for suspected lesions plus systemic 8-14 cores puncture is a feasible regimen,which is based on total PSA,DRE,MRD and existence of suspected lesions on imaging findings,adjusted PSA value and thickness of prostate peripheral zone.


We numerically investigate a standard 3-mode transmission system with weakly or strongly coupled MUX/DEMUXes. Strong mode coupling arising in the MUX/DEMUX manifest a severe penalty due to equalization enhanced phase noise compared to weak coupling.


Since Miller's experiment in 1951, research on prebiotic chemistry has received much attention of chemists. However, there are a few lines of research with the focus directed to this science in Brazil. Therefore, the objective of this paper is to describe some of the research in this field, with emphasis on peptide synthesis under prebiotic conditions and the implication of these studies in the context of molecular enrichment on the primitive earth. We also want to encourage new researchers conducting research in this area as well as promoting scientific debate related to the topic of the origin of life.


To learn and put into practice the spirit represented in suggestions on further strengthening and improving the moral and political education of undergraduates,and combine the practice of the colleges in the minority nationality regions,the importance of the Youth League and Communist Party branches should be put into full play by strengthening the construction of the organizations of the Youth League and the Communist Party.According to the talents training objects and the characteristics of young undergraduates in the minority nationality regions,rich and varied activities of the Youth League and the Communist Party should be organized to improve the moral and political quality of the undergraduates.


In this paper, the authors present and discuss the findings of a survey of human resource management (HRM) and recruitment and selection policies and practices in a sample of manufacturing industry in Taiwan. The results indicate that there is a general desire among HR professionals in participant companies that HRM policies are integrated with corporate strategy and that HRM should be involved in decision making at board level. Evidence was also obtained that some HRM decisions are shared between line management and HR specialists and that line managers had a particularly influential role in decisions regarding recruitment and selection, training and development, and workforce expansion/reduction. There was also some evidence supporting an assertion that certain recruitment and selection practices were culturally sensitive and this was supported by evidence of association between recruitment and selection practices and country of ownership.


Livia Davis, MSW, CSWM, Vice President: There is no universal definition of recovery, but essentially, it is a process of change to improve health and wellness and develop a life that is meaningful. Any system, program, organization, community, and family member involved must first and foremost be in the "business of hope." This means believing that recovery is possible and that there are many pathways to recovery, and committing to defining individualized services and supports.


Atypical fibrous histiocytoma is a rare variant of dermatofibroma, which may present diagnostic problems because of histopathological features, which are difficult to distinguish from a malignant tumor. The neoplasm has a tendency to recur locally and a capacity to metastasize, although very rarely. Here, we report a 46-year-old man who presented with a firm dermal nodule on the right knee. The diagnosis was made on the basis of clinical, histopathological and immunohistochemical findings. We discuss the clinical and histopathological features as well as the differentiating features of atypical fibrous histiocytoma from other cutaneous spindle cell tumors such as dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans, atypical fibroxanthoma and pleomorphic dermal sarcoma.


Abstract A review is presented of ultrafast all-optical switching in guided wave formats for broad bandwidth all-optical communication networks. The physics underlying ultrafast optical nonlinearities is discussed and the application of these nonlinearities to data transmission and all-optical switching is covered.


Modeling turbulent convection in the melt is the most di cult part of the simulation of the transport processes in the growth of large-diameter silicon crystals by the Czochralski (CZ) process. We report the application of hybrid nite-element/ nitevolume methods for the integrated modeling of turbulence in the melt and heat transfer by conduction, convection and radiation throughout the CZ system. Turbulence calculations are based on a low Reynolds number model proposed by Jones and Launder. The integrated hybrid method is based on coupled solution of energy transport in every phase in the CZ system by an integrated nite element analysis with the velocity eld in the melt and turbulence variables interpolated from a nite volume solution of the coupled convection and energy transport problem in the melt alone. Sample calculations make clear the advantages of the hybrid method. NOMENCLATURE Cp Heat capacity K Thermal conductivity T temperature Tm melting temperature V crystal pulling rate g acceleration due to gravity k turbulent kinetic energy p pressure r radial cylindrical coordinate u melt velocity z vertical cylindrical coordinate coe cient of thermal expansion of the melt dissipation rate of turbulent energy srf surface emissivity dimensionless temperature, T=Tm molecular dynamic viscosity t turbulent dynamic viscosity molecular kinimatic viscosity t turbulent kinimatic viscosity density stress tensor rotation rate


. - In this article, we study the problem of the compactness of the Neumann operator in subdomains of hermitian manifolds. In particular, we show the compactness of this operator in q-convex intersections and in strictly q-convex domains with nonsmooth boundary


A novel cognitive receiver for modulation format recognition with reconfigurable carrier recovery scheme is proposed and experimentally demonstrated for phase modulated radio-over-fibre links. Demodulation of burst-mode mixed modulation formats (PSK and QAM) is demonstrated after 40km of transmission.


We examine the spectral effects of tropospheric absorbing aerosol types on backscattered UV radiation from 300 to 400 nm. First, using satellite observations, we show a non‐linear spectral dependence below 340 nm for scenes with significant aerosol absorption. Lambert‐equivalent reflectivity also follows a non‐linear behavior and may become negative, therefore non‐physical, at shorter wavelengths. We then present radiative transfer calculations of UV radiances accounting for ozone and aerosol attenuation. The effects are quantified as spectral residuals, calculated by comparing radiances simulated with aerosols to those with a molecular atmosphere assuming spectrally independent Lambert‐equivalent surface reflectivity. Simulations are carried out for carbonaceous smoke and mineral dust aerosols using the present‐day optical models applied successfully in the Ozone Monitoring Instrument aerosol algorithm, OMAERUV. The spectral residual has a complex dependence on wavelength, aerosol optical and physical properties, and surface conditions. In all simulated cases, the spectral residual has a maximum around 320 nm and then diminishes rapidly at shorter wavelengths due to increased photon absorption by ozone in the stratosphere. However, we find the relationship between the spectral residual and that at 340 nm nearly linear for a wide range of these conditions. The relationship depends somewhat on the total column ozone. The theoretical results presented offer a means for correcting the effects of UV‐absorbing aerosols in trace gas retrievals without a priori knowledge of aerosol and surface properties. Since our technique of estimating spectral effects of aerosols applies to radiance residuals, and not a specific retrieval algorithm, it may be used broadly to correct the effects in various retrieval algorithms.


Users of self-tracking (such as tracking steps) tend to abandon the technology after a few months of using it. Previous user research suggests that users have "learned enough" and feel they no longer benefit from the technology. However, what exactly does "learned enough" entail? What, when, and how do users actually learn? This poster reports our initial efforts to investigate these questions. We present a small-scale mixed-method pilot study in which we explored learning with step trackers and use our findings to discuss other strategies to operationalize learning with self-tracking technology.


Homologues of deoxyriboadenylic and deoxyribothymidylic acid show different degrees of retardation in a pentalysine gel. This chromatographic retardation is directly related to the strength of the interaction between the oligonucleotides and the immobilized pentalysine peptide residues. The strength of this interaction is determined by the total negative charge of the oligonucleotide, and by the nature of the constituent base of the oligonucleotide. The specificity of the interaction depends upon differences in conformation of the oligonucleotides.


Introduction: Thyroid diseases, especially among women, are very common, and most women with severe hypo- or hyperthyroidism are faced with infertility, recurrent miscarriage and poor outcome pregnancy. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of thyroid dysfunction in pregnant women referring to clinics in Kermanshah, between 2011-2012. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on a group of women with pregnancies under 16 weeks gestation, admitted for routine tests. Two-stage cluster sampling was conducted and 1200 samples were analyzed. Statiscal analysis was performed using the Chi 2 Correlation Test. Results: Of subjects, 248(20.7%) were diagnosed with thyroid dysfunction; 194 patients (16.17%) with hyperthyroidism and 54 (4.5%) patients with hypothyroidism. The highest prevalences of hyperthyroidism (27.9 %) and hyporthyroidism (23.3%) were observed in pregnant women with their 4th gravidity. Significant relationships between variables such as family history of thyroid dysfunction, spontaneous abortion, infertility and preterm delivery in pregnant women with thyroid dysfunction were observed. Conclusions: Considering the high prevalence of thyroid dysfunction and relationships between some of the identified risk factors, it is recommended that screening tests for thyroid function in pregnant women at the first prenatal visit be conducted, at least in those with known risk factors of this condition.


For much of his long life (1848-1935) Niels Peter Sorensen operated beyond or very close to the margins of legality. His activities thus brought him to the notice of various administrative and law enforcement agencies. Consequently, their archives offer a rich, if widely scattered, record of his ignoble career. Trouble makers attract attention, and generate paper. Since he was particularly involved with the Solomon Islands, this was especially so in the case of the Western Pacific High Commission. Sorensen's activities thus illistrate something of the need for the extension of British imperial authority to the Pacific Islands. To be more fully comprehended, though, they need to be set within a wider context that embraces the United States, Australia and New Zealand.


In Software Defined Networks (SDN), though we can design protection mechanism to enable fast recovery against a single link failure, it requires proactively installing a large number of flow entries in switches on working paths and backup paths. However, these additional flow entries in a SDN switch may exhaust Ternary Content Addressable Memory (TCAM) which is limited in size since it is expensive and power hungry. Accordingly, it is emergent to design a new protection technology to minimize flow entry occupation. To this end, we leverage flow entry sharing in SDN protection to solve this problem. We first present the problem as an ILP (Integer Linear Programming) model, and then design a greedy based heuristic algorithm named Flow Entry Sharing Protection (FESP). Extensive simulation results show that compared with the previous SDN protection algorithms, FESP reduces 28.31% flow entries and 27.65% link bandwidth in average.


An approximately omnidirectional defect mode for the TE wave coming from the Bragg gap is presented in one-dimensional photonic crystals. The photonic crystals are constituted by positive-index materials with one defect layer composed of negative-index materials. Through solving the eigenfrequency equation for the defect mode of such one-dimensional photonic crystals, we find that the frequency of the defect mode is independent of the incident angle for the TE wave for a special condition. The results are demonstrated by the calculation of transmittance.


In this paper, we investigate the relations between various types of topological pressures and different versions of measure-theoretical pressures. We extend Feng–Huang's variational principle for packing entropy to packing pressure and obtain two new variational principles for Pesin–Pitskel and packing pressures respectively. We show that various types of Katok pressures for an ergodic measure with respect to a potential function are equal to the sum of measure-theoretic entropy of this measure and the integral of the potential function. Moreover, we obtain Billingsley type theorem for packing pressure, which indicates that packing pressure can be determined by measure-theoretic upper local pressure of measures, and a variational principle for packing pressure of the set of generic points for any invariant ergodic Borel probability measure.


Scarf adhesive joints used in practice. However, the stress distributions and the joints strengths have not yet been fully elucidate. Important issues are how to determine the scarf angle in adherend and how to determine the adhesive properties. In this study, the stress distributions in scarf adhesive joints under static tensile loadings are analyzed using three-dimensional finite-element calculations. In the FEM calculations, the effects of Young's modulus of the adhesive, adhesive thickness, scarf angle of the adherend on the stress distributions at the adhesive interfaces are examined. The maximum principal stresses were calculated at every element at the interfaces. As the results, it is found that the maximum value of the maximum principal stress occurs at the edge of the adhesive interfaces (z=0, 1/s=1). It is also observed that the maximum value of the stress is the smallest, when the scarf angle is 60 degree. In addition, the joint strength is estimated using the interface stress. For the verification of the FEM calculations, the experiments were carried out to measure the strengths and the strains in the joints under static tensile loadings using strain gauges. Fairly good agreements are observed between the numerical and the measured results concerning the joint strength and the strains.Copyright © 2006 by ASME


In mass customization environment, there are many problems in forecasting customer demand at present, so this paper proposes the method of construction and configuration of product family that orients to forecasting customer demand. Firstly, forecasting customer demand that orients to product family ontology model is constructed; and mapping framework is constructed, which based on ontology mapping method through the mapping from customer demand ontology model to product family ontology model, the conversion of the customer demand to product configuration knowledge and then to product family function are achieved. Finally, this paper takes reducer product family as an example to demonstrate the effectiveness of this method.


IT is well recognised that following injury the epithelial cells at the margin of the wound become hypertrophic and the epithelium increases in thickness. (Dann, Glucksmann and Tansley, 1941 ; McMinn, 1960; Gillman, 1968; Peacock and Van Winkle, 1970). In addition, it is known, that at a later stage well formed down-growths or "pseudo rete pegs" extend from the lower surface of the newly formed epithelium into the connective tissue of the wound (Billingham and Reynolds, 1952; Gillman et al., 1953; Winter, 1964; Peacock and Van Winkle), but apart from these generalised facts little information is available in the literature on the changes in thickness that occur both at the wound edge and over the surface of the wound during the healing of excised full-thickness skin wounds. The following account describes such changes as they occur in the thoracic and metatarsal region of the dog and an attempt is made to explain the significance of the findings.


The paper is aimed to present the authors' investigation of the groundwater situation of Shanghai Chemical Industrial Zone by taking 22 factors for samples to be evaluated, which was done in accordance with the groundwater quality standard given by the Mark Assessment. The results of our investigation are focused on the following points: the groundwater quality is comparatively lower in most areas. Some monitoring items, such as metal ions and acid radicals, yield to severe super-standard, to which it is necessary to pay more attention to. Nevertheless, the content of the organic substances have been found lower than the standard limit. In addition, the hydrochemical characteristics of the groundwater appear to be remarkable in horizontally zoning form, with its macro elements gradually decrease from the north to the south while the content of phenols being enhanced. Although the metal content in the groundwater is basically invariable, the hydrochemical types are changing from salt-water into fresh-water.


Concentrations of Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, As, Se, Cd, Ag and Pb in scale, skin, muscle, gills, liver and the gonads of Gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata), European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax), Black Sea salmon (Salmo trutta labrax), Horse mackerel (Trachurus trachurus), Red mullet (Mullus barbatus) and Whiting (Merlangius merlangius euxinus) from the Black Sea, in Turkey, were investigated. Elemental analyses were performed with inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry after sample preparation by microwave digestion. Mean metal concentrations in different tissues were in the following ranges: Mn 0.09–23.1, Fe 0.58–326, Co 0.01–0.22, Ni 0.03–1.34, As 0.13–3.40, Se 0.13–4.42, Ag 0.01–0.18, Cd 0.32–6.25, Pb 0.02–0.38 mg kg−1 wet weight. Metal concentrations in the muscles of the examined species were generally lower than those in scale, skin, gills, liver and the gonads. The described method was validated by analysis of Dogfish Liver-certified reference material, DOLT-4.


The differences in the water equivalent of snow on 15 transects at mid-March are closely related to estimated differences in potential solar beam radiation. Only slight improvement results from refining the radiation estimates to account for shading, clouds, and diffuse and reflected radiation. For 1967-1969, 79% of the variance is associated with estimated global radiation. The results suggest that estimates of solar radiation can be useful for extrapolating snowpack water equivalent measurements over watersheds in which differential ablation is the chief cause of areal variation.


Study on the effect of insect pests control by our bioformulations on Chinese kale production under field conditions at Sai Noi Subdistrict Municipality, Nonthaburi province. Four treatments included 2 g/1 kg seed treatment with or without bioformulation of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR), Pseudomonas fluorescens (1x10 cfu/ml) followed by 4-foliarspray-intervals with 20 g/ 20 L water of bioformulations of insect pathogens, Beauveria bassiana (1x10 spore/ml) and Bacillus thuringiensis (BT) (1x10 cfu/ml) at 7, 14, 21, and 28 days after planting compared to farming practice that using agrochemical and synthetic fertilizer and nontreated control. All treatments were managed in RCB with four replications. Two treatments including seed treatment with or without PGPR bioformulation and foliar spray with insect pathogen bioformulations resulted in significantly reduced of flea beetle (Phyllotreta sinuata) and common cutworm (Spodoptera litura) when compared to the control treatments (p = 0.05). Insect pests were increased over economic threshold level at some growth stage of Chinese kale in farming practice and non-treated control but not in bioformulation treatments. However, marketable yield per rai of the bioformulation treatments and farmer practice were not significantly different (p = 0.05). Moreover, P. fluorescens, B. bassiana and BT populations in the soil were increased after bioformulations application and decreased after harvested time. This study illustrates the potential of our bioformulations to suppress both important insects. They could become a component of an integrated program to reduce or replace the application of synthetic insecticide and fertilizer in Chinese kale production system and developing for organic farming or sustainable agriculture.


Just over five years has passed since the Sen tencing Reform Act went into effect and federal courts have a little more than four years experi ence with the guidelines since the Mistretta decision. Apart from whether you "like" or "dislike" the guidelines, I think the Sentencing Commission's efforts to replace a highly discre tionary sentencing system with a more struc tured system have remained faithful to the Congressional mandate to promote honesty, certainty, and uniformity. I was not a member of the Sentencing Commission during the development of the initial guidelines. I joined the Commission in July 1990, filling a seat vacated when Chief Judge Stephen Breyer of the First Circuit ended his term. But, as an active district court judge whose sentencing experience spans the preand post-guideline eras, I have enormous respect for the complexity of the task and the accomplish ments of Judge Wilkins and the Commission. It is my experience during my tenure that the Commission has been responsive to sugges tions and complaints from my colleagues and other participants in the federal justice system and has at the same time remained faithful to


We have developed fast numerical solutions to the diffraction of light from a periodic array of contact holes (CH) in microelectronic structures. We present results for contact holes in oxide and in 193 nm and 248 nm photoresists. We also show detectability limits of the CH and observed variations across wafers processed with state-of-the-art lithography.


This paper examines the determinants of export growth for four of the Asian newly industrialising economies (NIEs): Hong Kong, Korea, Singapore and Taiwan. Using the framework of cointegration and error correction modelling, it is found that, in the case of Singapore, income effects, competitiveness (relative price effects) and exchange rate effects are the dominant sources of export growth while in Korea's case, these same variables are less significant in explaining export growth. In the case of Taiwan, income effects and exchange rate effect are more dominant than relative price effects and domestic factors such as exchange rate, and export prices have more significantly affected export growth in Hong Kong. Overall, the most significant variable in explaining export growth in the NIEs is the exchange rate. The empirical evidence indicates that the J-curve does exist for these NIE exports.


Chapter 1 Maps and Figures Chapter 2 Chapter 1. The Moltke Myth Chapter 3 Chapter 2. Moltke's War Planning to 1866 Chapter 4 Chapter 3. Friedrich Karl, Tactics and Training Chapter 5 Chapter 4. War with Austria Chapter 6 Chapter 5. 1866 to 1870: Lessons Learned-or Not Learned Chapter 7 Chapter 6. Moltke's Plan for War with France Chapter 8 Chapter 7. Vionville and St. Privat Chapter 9 Chapter 8. Sedan Chapter 10 Chapter 9. Destroying the Moltke Myth


: Accounting information system collects a tremendous amount of company management data, which can help managers predict the future, improve company management and increase economic and social benefits. However, the complex accounting data often lets managers feel difficult to make decisions. Data visualization is in line with the way that human brain receives information, which is convenient for information users to make rational analysis and judgment based on the perceptual knowledge of visual graphics and images. Based on data visualization technology, this paper constructs enterprise accounting information system, including financial management information system, risk management information system, performance management information system and accounting support information system. Accounting information system based on data visualization technology can effectively improve the level of enterprise management.


Independent components communicating with each other due to complex control make the work of complex distributed computer systems poorly scalable within the framework of the existing communication middleware. Two major problems of such systems' scaling can be defined: overloading of unequal nodes due to proportional redistribution of workload and difficulties in the realization of continuous communication between several nodes of the system. This paper is focused on the developed solution enabling visualization of the work of such a dynamical system.


Non-human primates evaluate choices based on quantitative information and subjective valuation of options. Non-human primates can learn to value tokens as placeholders for primary rewards (such as food). With those tokens established as a potential form of 'currency', it is then possible to examine how they respond to opportunities to earn and use tokens in ways such as accumulating tokens or exchanging tokens with each other or with human experimenters to gain primary rewards. Sometimes, individuals make efficient and beneficial choices to obtain tokens and then exchange them at the right moments to gain optimal reward. Sometimes, they even accumulate such rewards through extended delay of gratification, or through other exchange-based interactions. Thus, non-human primates are capable of associating value to arbitrary tokens that may function as currency-like stimuli, but there also are strong limitations on how non-human primates can integrate such tokens into choice situations or use such tokens to fully 'symbolize' economic decision-making. These limitations are important to acknowledge when considering the evolutionary emergence of currency use in our species. This article is part of the theme issue 'Existence and prevalence of economic behaviours among non-human primates'.


Lomonaco and Kauffman introduced a knot mosaic system to give a definition of a quantum knot system. This definition is intended to represent an actual physical quantum system. A knot $(m,n)$-mosaic is an $m \times n$ matrix of 11 kinds of specific mosaic tiles, $T_0$ through $T_{10}$ depicted as below, representing a knot or a link. One main question about mosaic theory is how many knot $(m,n)$-mosaics are there. $D_{m,n}$ denotes the total number of all knot $(m,n)$-mosaics. In this paper, we find a table of the precise values of $D_{m,n}$ for $4 \leq m \leq n \leq 6$ as follows;
\begin{center} \begin{tabular}{|c|r|r|r|} \hline $D_{m,n}$ & $n=4$ & $n=5$ & $n=6$ \\ \hline $m=4$ & $2594$ & $54,226$ & $1,144,526$ \\ \hline $m=5$ & & $4,183,954$ & $331,745,962$ \\ \hline $m=6$ & & & $101,393,411,126$ \\ \hline \end{tabular} \end{center}


Objective To explore the general rule and the characteristics of adverse drug reaction (ADR) induced by Yinzhihuang injection and to provide some references for clinical medicine and rational use of drug.Method We electronically searched.ADR reports induced by Yinzhihuang injection were collected and statistically analyzed. Result The main ADR of Yinzhihuang injection respectively were allergic reactions,then dermoreaction 58 cases (48.33%), allergic shock 24 cases( 20.00%),digestive system damage 25 cases (20.83%),fever with systemic damage and drug fever 2 cases (8.33%),the blood system damage,the nerve system damage and the local lesion 1 case each (2.50%).Conclusion We should take more monitoring in the application of Yinzhihuang injection to reduce the occurrence of serious ADR. The prescription information of production is too simple. It must update in order to promote application reasonably.


The article presents the application of cement composite to the construction of pavement within the area of bus-bays. The influence of bus traffic on the pavement condition was discussed and most frequently occurred types of damage in case of this type of pavement were described. The suggested solution was provided on the example of bus-bays performed, according to cement concrete method located within the area of Świętokrzyskie province.


An unpublished Proto-Italiote hydria that can be attributed to the Palermo Painter has an extraordinary image of Hermes wresting Orpheus from his wife, who vanishes in the passage between the worlds of the living and the dead. A number of figures inhabiting this intermediate space are present as well, such as Charon, Cerberus, Persephone, and even Argos. Specific iconographical traits as well as the context of its discovery in the spring sanctuary of Saturo, sacred to Aphrodite, allow the image to be interpreted not, as one would expect, in a strictly funerary or "Orphic" sense, but rather as an echo of nuptial rites, during which the vase was no doubt presented as a gift.


Due to the highly complex chemical structure of biomolecules, the extensive understanding of the electronic information for proteomics can be challenging. Here, we construct a charge transfer database at residue level derived from millions of electronic structure calculations among 20*20 possible amino acid side-chains combinations, which are extracted from available high-quality structures of thousands of protein complexes. Then, the data driven network (D2Net) analysis can be applied to quickly identify the critical residue or residue groups for any possible protein structure. As an initial evaluation, we apply this model to scrutinize the charge transfer networks for two randomly selected proteins. This D2Net model highlights the global view of the charge transfer topology in representative proteins, for which the most critical residues act as network hubs during the charge transfer events. This work provides us a promising tool for efficiently understand electron information in the growing number of high-quality experimental protein complexes, with minor computational costs.


The value of artificial green space is different from natural green space because of environmental disparity.Contingent valuation method is used to assess the non-use values of Quancheng Park in Jinan.It is found that the mean willingness to pay(WTP) value for Quancheng Park is 24 yuan/a and the non-use value of Quancheng Park is about 100 million yuan/a,in which the selection value is 2.45 million yuan/a,the heritage value is 2.23 million yuan/a,and the existence value is 5.32 million yuan/a.It is concluded that artificial green spaces also have non-use value and the mean WTP value is not distinct to the natural green space.Correlation analysis indicates that vocation and education have more correlativity to WTP,and education and sex obviously influence the WTP value.


The kappa number, intrinsic viscosity, and yield of Southern Pine pulps were determined after oxygen delignification at different alkali concentrations, temperatures, oxygen pressures, and treatment time in a Berty throughflow reactor. It was found that the highest delignification-cellulose degradation selectivity is achieved at low alkali concentrations and temperatures of about 100°C or less. Oxygen pressure has little effect on selectivity. Carbohydrate yield loss is proportional to kappa number loss up to kappa reduction of 60%. At higher delignification, the carbohydrate yield loss increases more strongly than delignification. However, carbohydrate yield loss is linearly correlated with cellulose degradation at all degrees of delignification. Hexenuronic acids are not removed during conventional oxygen delignification. To increase delignification of softwood pulp beyond about 60%, oxygen system design should be changed so that alkali concentration and charge are decoupled, as is similarly done in modern cooking systems. Application: It is possible to delignify kraft softwood pulp above 60%, without excessive cellulose degradation, by keeping the hydroxide concentration low and uniform over time through replenishment of the alkali while it is being consumed.


Diane Winston on Salvation Army Lassies * David Morgan on Protestant visual culture * Fran Grace on Carry Nation and Temperance * J. Terry Todd on fundamentalism in New York City's Jan Age * Roberto Lint-Sagarena on Mission Revival architecture in Santa Barbara * Paul E. Ivey on Christian Science architecture * P. C. Kemeny on commercial culture and moral reform in Boston * Judith Weisenfeld on the 1940s race movies and black religiosity * Kathryn Jay on Catholic girls and modest dress crusades * Melani McAlister on Black Islam and African American cultural politics * Etan Diamond on religious consumerism of suburban Orthodox Jews in Toronto


This study examined inequalities in uptake of cervical cancer screening in the Republic of Ireland, Britain and Northern Ireland, and the United States using data from nationally representative surveys in 2007/2008. Regression analyses and a comparison of concentration indices measuring income related inequalities were used to explore between group differences across all countries. Uptake of cervical cancer screening in the past 12 months is significantly higher in the US (59.90%) than in the UK (28.43%) and Ireland (17.98%). Concentration indices for screening in the past 3 years demonstrated a pro-rich inequality in uptake in England (0.076***) no inequality in Wales (-0.027) and Scotland (-0.013) and increasing pro-poor inequalities amongst Northern Ireland Catholics (-0.155**). Whites had the largest inequalities in the US (0.261***) compared to Blacks (0.092**) and Hispanics (0.115***). Results from the marginal effects showed no inequalities in the UK as a whole, but significant disparities for Ireland and the US across both income and education levels in the US. There are a variety of potential explanations for the observed differences between countries in the pattern of uptake among demographic groups, including divergence in health systems across country and differences in perception of risk. Racial and cultural differences also appear to play a role. That such differences may exist but be masked by estimates of inequality at a national level indicates the importance of a more nuanced approach to the examination of inequality and policy makers should be cognisant of such potential heterogeneity when developing policy instruments to address inequalities. A policy which decreases inequality at a national level may exacerbate existing inequities between groups if such heterogeneity is ignored when formulating policy.


The effectiveness, safety and usefulness of Eperisone were evaluated in 86 patients with dizziness or vertigo, hearing loss and tinnitus in a six-institution open trial. The patients also complained of headache, stiff shoulders or stiff neck. Headache, stiff shoulders and stiff neck were markedly relieved with headache disappearing completely in 46%.Dizziness and vertigo responded subjectively and objectively to treatment in 51% of patients. Hearing loss and tinnitus, however, were unchanged. Side effects were noted in only 4.1%, and they were mild.


This is an evaluation of the Visual Speed Indicator (VSI) an electronic traffic sign which calculates and displays the speeds of vehicles which pass it: The sign employs a warning message, "SLOW DOWN," which is flashed when a vehicle's speed exceeds a pre-set threshold, which in this case was the posted speed limit. The goal of the device is to reduce the variability of speeds about the mean speed on a given roadway, especially those speeds in the upper end of the distribution. It was hypothesized that such an effect would take place after viewing the operation of the sign and would last for a minimum distance of two miles downstream. To evaluate the effectiveness of the sign, an experimental design was developed whereby speed data were continuously collected on cassette (data) tape during four time periods. Period 1 was used to gather baseline data before the sign was installed. During Period 2, the sign was activated. In Period 3, the VSI was deactivated and covered. Finally, during period 4, the sign was again activated. The section of roadway chosen for the experiment was a two-lane rural roadway with a volume of approximately 3,000 vehicles per day. Three sites were selected, each speed approximately two miles apart, for the installations of data collection equipment. The sign itself was installed at the middle site (Site 2) after Period 1 and before the beginning of Period 2. In addition to various descriptive statistics, the data were analyzed using a multivariate general linear model (NGLM) computer program. Linear models were fitted to the three different dependent variables of mean speed, speed variance, and percentage of traffic speeding. The results indicated that there were significant reductions in both the mean speed and percentage of traffic speeding at the location of the sign after the sign was activated, when compared with the upstream control location. However, these effects were dissipated within two miles, in that they did not carry over to the downstream location. The speed variance increased significantly at the sign location after the sign was activated, and the change at the downstream location was not significant when compared with the upstream control location. These findings concerning speed variance were counter to what was expected of the sign. /Author/


A reasonable commonsense opinion held by laymen, politicians and educationists is that personal qualities are an important factor which must be borne in mind when making judgements about teachers and teaching. This concern with the personal qualities of the teacher is a thread which runs through a number of official publications on teaching which have emanated from Elizabeth House in the past few years. The personal qualities of the teacher, often in the guise of teacher personality, have also been the focus of systematic analysis and research undertaken by academics who have typically located their investigations within the wider context of researching teacher effectiveness. The key theme which emerges from the current political and administrative engagement with the personal qualities of the teacher contrasts strongly with the key theme which emerges from a reading of the expert academic literature on this topic. On the one hand, the DES documents demonstrate a conviction that the personal qualities of the teacher are important and that policies must be implemented in order to foster those qualities which will enhance teaching. On the other hand, the expert literature indicates that the identification of personal qualities which may improve teacher effectiveness is an intractable and complex endeavour which has generated problems rather than resolved them. Theorising and research have sensitised the academic to the range of conceptual and methodological issues entailed in attempting to evaluate effective teaching and to identifying those qualities which may influence it. There is no coherent and consistent corpus of expert knowledge which administrators can refer to in order to implement policies to improve teaching. At a time when and on an issue where policy makers representing government can proceed with confidence academics know how little they know and the fragile basis of what they know. In what follows I wish to:


An experimental investigation of the influence of structural resonance on the acoustic response to vortex shedding is presented. Flow‐induced amplification of acoustic energy is of interest in the field of combustion instability in solid rocket motors. Baffles located at the junction of motor segments can cause generation of flow vortices and amplification of acoustic energy. This investigation examines the hypothesis that an additional amplifier of acoustic energy is provided by the vibratory response of these baffles. Flow through a cylindrical cavity is interrupted by annular baffles that extend radially inward from the cylinder walls. Baffle configurations are controlled to induce various frequencies of vortex shedding. Acoustic pressure and baffle vibratory responses for various combinations of baffle resonance and vortex shedding frequency are recorded using a modal analysis technique. This provides the database used to quantify the influence of vortex shedding frequencies and structural resonance o...


FIELD: electricity. SUBSTANCE: invention is intended to prevent the fuel cell from drying out during long-term work with high load. Fuel cell system comprises at least one fuel cell, a resistance meter configured to measure the resistance of the fuel cell, and a current limiter configured to limit the output current of the fuel cell using the restriction level. The current limiter changes the restriction level based on the measured resistance value. The offered system allows the current limitation to be applied before the fuel cell membrane drains, as the result the increase in the heat of the fuel cell during long-term operation with a high load is prevented. EFFECT: increased efficiency of single element in the fuel cell system. 8 cl, 12 dwg


At the completion of the first five years of the Zimmer Chair of Orthopaedic Surgery at the University of Bristol, it was decided to assemble an exhibition setting out some aspects of the research and development work that has been accomplished over the period. Professor Louis Solomon, the staff of the University Dept, and the orthopaedic Departments of the BRI, Frenchay and Southmead Hospitals mounted the exhibition in the Victoria Rooms, Clifton on Monday 25th June 1990 and in the words of the Vice-Chancellor Sir John Kingman, in the foreword to the programme, it gave many groups and individuals, who through their foresight and generosity brought the chair into being, the opportunity of seeing this work as a tribute to their efforts, and a record of continuing progress in the management of trauma and ortho-paedic disease. The exhibition was opened by Sir John Kingman and Professor Solomon spoke briefly on his view as to the direction orthopaedic research would take in the future. Mr John Pool, the chairman of the trustees of the Appeal for the Chair, spoke of the need for vigilance on the part of the trustees and members of the department to secure the financial future of the Chair in the face of budgeting stringency in the University generally. Unfortunately space does not permit a discription of the individual exhibits but a list of their titles indicates the scope of and range of work already achieved during the first 5 years of the new chair of Orthopaedic surgery. The exhibition was unfortunately on view for only one evening and many who would have wished to see it were unable to do so.


Obesity is linked to various gynaecological conditions like polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and leads to metabolic syndrome. Early diagnosis of visceral obesity would help control the occurrence and progression of these diseases The aim of the study was to compare waist circumference and waist-to-hip ratio with body mass index (BMI) as indicators of abdominal obesity. This cross-sectional study was conducted on 44 women with Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) fulfilling Rotterdam criteria over a period of one year. Height, weight, waist circumference and hip circumference were measured. BMI and waist to hip ratio were calculated. These were compared with each other. Overall, average waist circumference and waist to hip ratio were found to be 68. 69 cm and 0. 82 respectively and mean BMI was 23. 07 kg/m2. The prevalence of obesity by BMI was 69%, abdominal obesity for WC was 59. 1% while for WHR 61. 36 %. Waist circumference was found to have high positive correlation with BMI (r=0. 75) compared to waist to hip ratio (r=0. 40). Thus, waist circumference and waist hip ratio are easy methods of measuring fat distribution and can be used for the monitoring the development of metabolic syndrome in PCOS.


Continuous time recurrent neural network-evolvable hardware (CTRNN-EH) control devices comprise of an analog continuous time recurrent neural network (CTRNN) with an on-board evolutionary algorithm (EA) engine to evolve the parameters of the neural network. These control devices were demonstrated to be effective for suppressing thermoacoustic (TA) instability in simulated jet engines. Currently, the construction of a VLSI CTRNN-EH device is underway for suppressing TA instability in a real combustion chamber while it is in operation. In this paper, we present a fully function digital EA engine for the CTRNN-EH control device. An ad-hoc hardware design is presented to realize space savings. The simulation and synthesis results of the hardware EA are presented. In addition to this, a demonstration of the efficacy of the EA across a noisy real world control problem is presented.


Posterior dislocation of the elbow with associated fractures of the radial head and the coronoid process of the ulna is referred to as terrible triad injury (TTI). We report three cases of TTI. The three patients were a 59-year-old female, a 43-year-old male, and 52-year-old male. All cases were treated by ostheosynthesis.We recognized posterolateral rotatory instability (PLRI) of the elbow in one case after operation. PLRI consists of the inadequate operation of a front bone factor (radial head and coronoid process) and the lateral collateral ligament. We think that PLRI is a poor prognosis factor of TTI and repair of the lateral collateral ligament is of great significance.


Introduction. The two-time correlation function of two observables reveals important information about the dynamics of a system in and out of equilibrium: The noise spectra are obtained from symmetric combinations of correlation functions, whereas the causal antisymmetric combination determines the susceptibilities required for the theory of linear response. The two-time correlation function only depends on the time difference if at t = 0 the system of interest is prepared in a stationary state whose density operator commutes with the time-independent Hamiltonian. This is what will be considered in this Rapid Communication. Since correlations generically decay for t →∞ , important information about the system dynamics is gained if a nondecaying fraction of correlations prevails at infinite times. Such nondecaying correlations are clearly connected to a limited dynamics in certain subspaces of the Hilbert space. The question arises if such a restricted dynamics is always linked to the integrability of the Hamiltonian. Here integrability means that the Hamiltonian can be diagonalized by a Bethe ansatz which implies that there is an extensive number of constants of motion. Identifying and understanding those nondecaying correlations can be potentially exploited in applications for persistent storage of (quantum) information. In this Rapid Communication we first prove that persisting correlations are not restricted to integrable systems by using a generalized form of Mazur's inequality [1,2]. This is in contrast to the behavior of the Drude weight in the frequency-dependent conductivity of one-dimensional systems which appears to vanish abruptly once the integrability is lost, even if only by including an arbitrarily small perturbation. So far, the Drude weight has been the most common application of Mazur's inequality, see, for instance, Refs. [3–6] and references therein. Second, we apply this approach to the central spin model (CSM) [7] describing the interaction of a single spin, e.g., an electronic spin in a quantum dot [8,9], an effective two-level model for a nitrogen vacancy (NV) center in diamond [10],


Security is the prime issue in the field of military area. Various intelligent techniques have been developed in the military area to detect the obstacles in the path of soldiers, such as identifying the intruders observing atmosphere conditions and many more. It is a quite difficult task to work with these real time incidences. The various Weapon technologies are available including Massive Ordnance Air Blast Bomb (MOAB), which is used to attack the hard targets. These different technologies need to be enhanced to work in complex areas. To overcome these problems vision based Robotic systems has been developed. Wireless Zigbee Technology is implemented in this approach. This paper presents basics of robotic systems along with literature review. This paper can give basic idea about working of Vision based Robotic System. Keywords-Security, military area, vision Robotic, ZigBee, MOAB


Cyclic hypergraphs are the analogue of cyclic graphs. The unicycle hypergraph whose cyclomatic number equals to one is the most elemental cyclic hypergraph. In this paper the maximum size of unicycle hypergraphs is studied. It is proved a piecewise linear function of the order and edge size of the hypergraph.


Industrial ecology (IE) intends to improve industrial processes in a way that the society benefits with as less damage of the environment as possible. As a concept it gives responses to environmental problems in the field of industry and technology and aims to enable management of human activity on a sustainable basis by minimizing energy and materials usage, ensuring acceptable quality of life for people, minimizing negative ecological impacts of human activity to levels natural systems can sustain, and maintaining economic viability of systems for industry, trade and commerce. Industrial ecology offers a systems methodology for the analysis of material and energy flows. Thereby an investigation of the connection between humans and nature, placing human activity in the larger context of the biophysical environment from which we obtain resources and into which we put our wastes is of essential importance. Since industrial ecology has been developed by engineers and natural scientists an ethical reflection of the concept is often neglected. Ubiquitarily manifests however in anthropocentric assertions such as harmonizing the contradiction between nature and culture with scientific expertise, appropriate technology and socio-economic management. This paper interprets industrial ecology ethically by relating values to specific characteristics of the systems methodology. This interpretation should provide a starting point for a debate within the field out from the concepts' own epistemological premises. The presumption for the value of this endeavor is that industrial ecology is not morally "neutral�? but possesses an implicit normative potential for the design of a possible sustainable world. Following the introduction, which presents the systems methodology as a core concept in industrial ecology, the second section gives an overview over main environmental ethics positions to prepare the ground for the argument that industrial ecology might benefit from considering a moderate biocentrism. Section three examines three epistemological characteristics of the systems methodology: interdependence, diversity and complexity and explores their relationship to values in ethics: responsibility, openness and correspondence. Conclusively, the fourth section gives some reasons why a moderate biocentrism supplementing anthropocentric positions is advantageous for IE and what benefits can be gained for research and practice in the field.


This paper discusses the tension between the demands of economic efficiency, on the one hand, and non-economic ends (leisure, family, etc.) on the other. It starts by outlining the formative characteristics of flexible forms of working time to then investigate the regulatory structures of working time accounts (Part 3). The argument of relative predominance of economic aspects against private time needs is then examined further. Possible conflicts between goals and uses of the flexible organisation of time are then discussed.


This study aims to describe the implementation of Merdeka Belajar through museums as a learning resource in differentiated project based history learning in class XII of Social Studies at Senior High School 4 Bandung. This research method uses descriptive qualitative methods with data collection techniques through observation, documentation, interviews and equipped with a questionnaire. The results of the study indicate that: The need to design differentiated project based learning through museum as a learning resource in a systematic and planned; The implementation of differentiated project based learning is carried out in the classroom and visits to the Museum of the Asian African Conference as a learning resource; In practice, the teacher gives students freedom within certain limits to choose the type of project, participation in the work, to the type of social media as a means of publishing student work; The results obtained in project based learning are differentiated, namely students become active, students can find out so they can make works from museums as educational and inspirational learning resources; In addition, teachers can develop the potential of different students through differentiation projects. This research is expected to be an input for further research and can be implemented in differentiated project based learning.


This paper presents new homogeneous series of top income shares from 1976 to 2010 in Korea using income tax statistics. Total personal income is estimated from national accounts of the Bank of Korea. Top income shares are obtained from income tax statistics and Pareto interpolation. Based on these e...


For further resource utilization of solid waste steel slag and the reduction in biodiesel production costs, this study used steel slag as a carrier to synthesize a CaO-CeO2/slag solid base catalyst for the effective transesterification of palm oil into fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs). The synthesis involved a two-step impregnation of steel slag with nitrate of calcium and cerium and thermal activation at 800 °C for 180 min. Then, the catalysts' textural, chemical, and CO2 temperature-programmed desorption properties were characterized. The catalytic activity depended highly on the ratio of Ca-Ce to steel slag mass; the CaO-CeO2/slag-0.8 catalyst showed outstanding performance. Characterization showed that the surface area and total basicity of the Ca-Ce/slag-0.8 catalyst were 3.66 m2/g and 1.289 mmol/g, respectively. The reactivity results showed that FAMEs obtained using 7 wt.% catalyst, 9:1 of methanol-to-palm-oil molar ratio, 180 min reaction duration, and 70 °C reaction temperature was optimum (i.e., 95.3% yield). In addition, the CaO-CeO2/slag-0.8 catalyst could be reused for at least three cycles, retaining 91.2% of FAMEs yield after n-hexane washing. Hence, the catalyst exhibits an excellent potential for cost-effective and environmentally friendly biodiesel production.


This paper reports on a research project based on designing and teaching in-service courses for Non-Specialist Teachers of Mathematics (NSTM). An NSTM is a school teacher who qualified to teach in a subject other than mathematics, yet teaches mathematics in secondary school (11-16 year old students). While the overall aim of our research was to describe what constitutes a trajectory towards a mathematics teacher identity for a NSTM, in this paper we explain how we sought indicators of a mathematics teacher identity. We do so by first describing how we adapted Wenger's notion of identity and advanced our 'Modes of Belonging' Mathematics Teacher Identity framework. After that we exemplify how we used our framework to locate indicators of mathematics teacher identity in the data from a narrative of NSTMs working on a particular piece of mathematics.


Intercrystallite corrosion (ICC) is the main reason to decrease service life of pellet car grate bars made of steel 40Х24Н12СЛ. In the process of the study of microstructure of pellet car grate bars manufactured according to GOST 977–88, the structure defects were established that increase the tendency to ICC. To prevent the ICC of the bars, a mode of heat treatment was elaborated, consisting of two basic operations: air hardening with preliminary exposure within 80 minutes at the temperature 1100 °С, followed by tempering within 150 minutes at the temperature 900 °С. The study of the structure of the pilot grate bar showed that the selected mode of the hardening enables to dissolve the carbide network in the structure of the detail and crash large carbides, and the subsequent tempering contributes to the growth of the carbide phase in the entire volume of metal, partially remaining in the structure after hardening. It was shown that the proposed mode of the heat treatment contributes to bringing the structure of the metal to a more "equilibrium" state, which will allow to exclude the formation of large carbides and carbide network, growth and coagulation along the grain boundary. Results of tests of a pilot batch of grate bars installed at an industrial induration machine with a working area of 768 m2 and operating temperature of 20–1310°С presented. It was established that the elaborated technology ensures absence of casting defects in the grate bars – cracks and warping, inclination of the grate bars to ICC, increased by 23.13% heat resistance compared to the reference grate bars of foreign supply due to the globular form of carbide secretions with a minimum length of borders along which the metal matrix is depleted by chrome. Industrial testing of the grate bars manufactured under the experimental technology has proved the practical significance and applicability of the performed research.


Three in four organic products are bought at supermarkets; Coles and Woolworths each carry over 500 lines. Some producers baulk at supplying supermarkets, arguing that they lose control of the price and supermarkets erode margins over time. As a farmer, Andrew Monk supplied supermarkets and says while they make some farms viable, it's not for the faint-hearted. He shares advice about surviving and thriving as a supermarket-supplying grower.


Farm-level and watershed-wide land-use changes resulting from policy initiatives are linked to a regional input/output model. As a result not only can the direct economic impacts at the farm and watershed levels be determined, so too can the direct and induced economic impacts at the regional level.


Aluminum-based metal matrix composites are extensively used in applications in many industrial fields, especially in the aviation and automotive industry. The usage rate is increasing day by day. Therefore, it is very important to improve the mechanical properties of the composite structure. For this purpose, in this study, 3, 5, and 7 wt.% tungsten carbide (WC) reinforced aluminum matrix composite material was produced by stir casting method. The mechanical properties (tensile strength, hardness, wear) of the produced composite materials and their effect on machinability were investigated. The machinability process was performed in constant cutting speed, constant cutting depth, three different feed rates (0.05, 0.1, and 0.2 mm·rev−1), and dry environmental conditions. Wear tests were performed on dry sliding conditions, under 25 N load, covering different distances (150, 300, 450, and 600 m). In addition, the microstructure of the composite samples was analyzed using optical microscopy and scanning electron microscope. The phases in the composite material were determined using the X-ray diffraction technique. As a result of the experiments, with the addition of WC particles, the mechanical properties of the materials such as tensile strength, hardness, and wear resistance have increased and the machinability capability has decreased.


The article analyzes the critique made by Walter Benjamin against the traditional method of historical research in the modern age. It intends to be a systematic and specific discussion of the concepts of history, experience and tradition in Benjamin's essay On the Concept of History (a.k.a. Theses on the Philosophy of History ). It also intends to recover some philosophical problems adjacent to the field of historical research, such as the relation between man and time, language and politics (considering the Marxist idea of class struggle). Key words: history, memory, redemption, method, revolution.


aArg-376, bLys-155, and bArg-182 are catalytically important ATP synthase residues that were proposed to be involved in substrate Pi binding and subsequent steps of ATP synthesis [Senior, A.E., Nadanaciva, S. and Weber, J. (2002) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1553, 188–211]. Here, it was shown using purified Escherichia coli F1-ATPase that whereas Pi protected wild-type from reaction with 7-chloro-4-nitrobenzo-2oxa-1,3-diazole, mutations bK155Q, bR182Q, bR182K, and aR376Q abolished protection. Therefore, in ATP synthesis initial binding of substrate Pi in open catalytic site bE is supported by each of these three residues. 2004 Federation of European Biochemical Societies. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.


The role of information technology in education is exploring the potential for technology to redefine the terms of teaching and learning. Introduction information technology in education, effects of the continuing developments in information technology (IT) on education. With the help of IT now it is easy to provide audio visual education. Now with this vivid and vast technique as part of IT curriculum, learners are encouraged to regard computers as tools to be used in all aspects of their studies. In particular, they need to make use of the new multimedia technologies to communicate ideas, describe projects, and order information in their work. IT has provided immediacy to education. Now in the year of computers and web networks the pace of imparting knowledge is very fast and one can be educated anywhere at any time. E-learning professionals are constantly looking for new ideas and for successful online learning solution, especially cost-effective. The open source software community claims to have a great, low-cost system for learning management or course management. It is called Moodle, and it may be well worth your consideration. DOI: https://doi.org/10.28925/2414-0325.2016.2.a613


High- (HNA) and low-nucleic acid (LNA) bacteria are two separated flow cytometry (FCM) groups that are ubiquitous across aquatic systems. HNA cell density often correlates strongly with heterotrophic production. However, the taxonomic composition of bacterial taxa within HNA and LNA groups remains mostly unresolved. Here, we associated freshwater bacterial taxa with HNA and LNA groups by integrating FCM and 16S rRNA gene sequencing using a machine learning-based variable selection approach. There was a strong association between bacterial heterotrophic production and HNA cell abundances (R2 = 0.65), but not with more abundant LNA cells, suggesting that the smaller pool of HNA bacteria may play a disproportionately large role in the freshwater carbon flux. Variables selected by the models were able to predict HNA and LNA cell abundances at all taxonomic levels, with highest accuracy at the OTU level. There was high system specificity as the selected OTUs were mostly unique to each lake ecosystem and some OTUs were selected for both groups or were rare. Our approach allows for the association of OTUs with FCM functional groups and thus the identification of putative indicators of heterotrophic activity in aquatic systems, an approach that can be generalized to other ecosystems and functioning of interest.


Abstract A portmanteau and a maximum statistic are proposed to discern strictly exogenous from predetermined regressors. Both test statistics rely on residual cross-correlations, pre-whitened via autoregressive sieves. Limiting normality of the portmanteau statistic and Gumbel-convergence of the maximum statistic are derived.


The accuracy of digital elevation models which are constituted in accordance with different parameters, are quite important in terms of spatial analysis and representation of land topography familiar to reality. The purpose * Corresponding author / Sorumlu yazar. Tel.: +90 388 225 2226; e-mail/e-posta: email@example.com ÖHÜ Müh. Bilim. Derg. / OHU J. Eng. Sci., 2017, 6(1): 46-58 SAYISAL YÜKSEKLİK MODELLERİNİN DOĞRULUĞUNU ETKİLEYEN FAKTÖRLERİN VARYANS ANALİZİ (ANOVA) İLE İSTATİKSEL OLARAK İNCELENMESİ 47 of this study is to research the positional accuracy of different interpolation methods (Inverse Distance Weighted (IDW), Ordinary Kriging (OK), Modified Shepard's (MS), Multiquadric Radial Basis Function (MRBF) and Triangulation with Linear (TWL)) statistically which are used for forming digital elevation models in terms of different point densities (100% and 50%), different point distributions (curvature, grid, uniform and random), and land types with different topography (flat, hilly, mountainous). With this aim, analysis of variance (ANOVA) was implemented. For sub-groups obtained from point densities, point distributions and land types, it was sought statistically with ANOVA whether there was a significant difference amongst the positional accuracies obtained from interpolation methods. The accuracy reaching from decimeters to meters was obtained from especially mountainous and hilly land types. The land topography affects the accuracy of formed digital elevation models. The results obtained from all (100%) data sets were always found better than 50% data sets. Generally speaking, similar properties resulted for curvature and uniform distributions in different point distributions (50%), and better accuracies were obtained considering other distributions. Grid distribution resulted worse than other distributions. OK and MRBF interpolation methods showed similar properties for different land types and point distributions. The accuracy of these methods resulted better considering other methods. The accuracy obtained from IDW method for all three land types was less than other methods. The accuracy obtained from MS and TWL methods was similar. The interpolation methods used in this study were ordered in terms of obtained accuracy from the best to the worst as MRBF, OK, MS, TWL and IDW.


The present paper emphasizes the early detection of any neurodegenerative disorder using clinical diagnostic tools. It has become increasingly important to stop the future risk of death. Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder after Alzheimer's disease. It is a progressive neurological condition that causes motor and non motor manifestations. Treatment provides symptomatic benefit but no current treatment has been proven to slow disease progression. Research studies of PD require a means of rating the severity of disease by measurement of motor manifestations, assessment of ability to perform daily functional activities, and symptomatic response to medication. Advances in clinical recognition of early symptoms and signs, development of new neuroimaging technologies, identification of new neuropath logical markers of PD, are gradually translating into better understanding of predisposing and preclinical factors that lead to progressive Neurodegeneration. Neurodegeneration is the progressive loss of structure or function of neurons, including death of neurons. Many neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease and Huntington's disease are incurable, resulting in progressive degeneration and/or death of neuron cells. As research progresses, many similarities appear that relate these diseases to one another on a sub-cellular level. Neurodegeneration can be found in many different levels of neuronal circuitry ranging from molecular to systemic. In this study, we have used three different diagnostic scales for the analysis of various clinical parameters (Cognitive impairment, depression, and fatigue, oxygen level in brain and grip strength) for early detection of Parkinson's disease. The tools used were: Mini Mental state Examination (MMSE), Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) and Fatigue Severity Score (FSS), SpO2 and grip strength. The Significance tests were carried out for all the parameters using one way ANOVA in Origin 8 software. INTRODUCTION Parkinson's disease (PD) Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder which mostly seen in people after the age 50yrs. It is also a progressive disorder that causes many motor and non-motor dysfunctions [1,2]. The symptoms of PD are: Motor Symptoms [3]:  Bradykinesia: Bradykinesia means "slow movement". A defining feature of Parkinson's, Bradykinesia also describes a general reduction of spontaneous movement, which can give the appearance of abnormal stillness and a decrease in facial expressivity. Bradykinesia causes difficulty with repetitive movements, such as finger tapping.  Rigidity: Rigidity causes stiffness and inflexibility of the limbs, neck and trunk. Muscles normally stretch when they move, and then relax when they are at rest. In Parkinson's rigidity, the muscle tone of an affected limb is always stiff and does not relax, sometimes contributing to a decreased range of motion. People with PD most commonly experience tightness of the neck, shoulder and leg. A person with rigidity and Bradykinesia tends to not swing his or her arms when walking. Rigidity can be uncomfortable or even painful.  Tremor: Tremor, or shaking, often in a hand, arm, or leg, occurs when you're awake and sitting or standing still (resting tremor), and it gets better when you move that body part. Tremor is often the first symptom that people with Parkinson's disease or their family members notice. At first the tremor may appear in just one arm or leg or only on one side of the body. The tremor also may affect the chin, lips, and tongue. As the disease progresses, the tremor may spread to both sides of the body. But in some cases the tremor remains on just one side. Emotional and physical stress tends to make the tremor more noticeable. Sleep, complete relaxation, and intentional movement or action usually reduce or stop the tremor.  Postural instability one of the most important signs of Parkinson's is postural instability, a tendency to be unstable when standing upright. A person with postural instability has lost some of the reflexes needed for maintaining an upright posture, and may topple Central Bringing Excellence in Open Access   Paul et al. (2018) Email: J Neurol Disord Stroke 6(2): 1143 (2018) 2/6 backwards if jostled even slightly. Some develop a dangerous tendency to sway backwards when rising from a chair, standing or turning. This problem is called retropulsion and may result in a backwards fall. People with balance problems may have particular difficulty when pivoting or making turns or quick movements. Non-Motor Symptoms [3,4] :  Neuropsychiatric: Neuropsychiatric symptoms such as depression, dysphoria, apathy, irritability, anxiety, agitation, aberrant motor behavior, and parkinsonianlike signs [5].  ICDs: Impulse control disorders (ICDs) are behavioral disturbances in which a person fails to resist the drive to behave in ways that result in distress or impaired social and occupational functioning. In Parkinson's disease (PD), ICDs most commonly include pathological gambling, excessive spending and hyper sexuality.  Sleep disorder: Sleep disturbances affect up to 60% of PD patients. Sleep disorders can result from motor-related aspects as well as from non-motor-related aspects and medications. Nocturnal dystonia and cramping may cause sleep fragmentation and could be treated by a dopamine agonist at bedtime.  Autonomic dysfunction: Autonomic nervous system dysfunction symptoms in PD include sexual dysfunction, swallowing and gastrointestinal disorders, bowel and bladder abnormalities, sleep disturbances, and derangements of cardiovascular regulation, particularly, orthostatic hypotension.  Sensory: Parkinson patients had sensory complaints of numbness, coldness, burning, or pain. There was no objective sensory loss, and sensory symptoms did not correlate with specific motor or autonomic signs. Parkinson's disease occurs due to loss of a neurotransmitter known as dopamine in the substantia nigra of the human brain. Dopamine is a neurotransmitter which helps a person to coordinate the signals from brain to muscles. Basically, dopamine inhibits human movement. A person with Parkinson's generally loss this coordination, as a result its limb movements are disturbed Loss of this dopamine results in abnormal nerve firing patterns within the brain that cause impaired movement [6]. Environmental and Genetic factors are also responsible for PD. Familial cases of Parkinson disease can be caused by mutations in the LRRK2, PARK7, PINK1, PRKN, or SNCA gene, or by alterations in genes that have not been identified. Environmental factors such as exposure to certain toxins such as exposure to MPTP, an illicit drug, or in people working in mining industries. These miners are mostly exposed to the metal manganese, which are also responsible for the cause of PD. Farmers exposed to insecticides and pesticides have high risk of PD. Many genetic factors are also responsible for PD. Researchers have identified different genetic mutations associated with PD, including the alpha synuclein gene, and many more genes have been also associated with this disorder. Studying the genes responsible for inherited cases of PD can help researchers understand both inherited and sporadic cases [7]. Clinical aspects of PD Stages in PD: The UPDRS (Unified Parkinson's disease rating score), Hoehn &Yahr and Schwab & England scales are the scales in common practice for Parkinson's disease [8]. Their utility is that they objectively rate an individual patient's disability at a particular moment in time. Each scale score is a reflection of disease burden on the individual patient and is useful in describing disease progression and treatment response with time. Unified Parkinson's disease Rating Scale (UPDRS): This scale has multiple ratings that measure mental functioning, behavior and mood; activities of daily living and also the motor functions. The UPDRS are used to measure how individuals are fairing and how much treatments are helping them. The UPDRS is scored from a total of 195 points; higher scores reflect worsening disability [9].  Modified Hoehn and Yahr Staging [10] Table 1  Schwab and England Activities of Daily Living Scale [11] Table 2 Scales in PD: Three types of scales are generally used to clinical diagnosis of the PD patients. They are:  The Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS): It is a self-report assessment used to identify depression in the elderly. The short form consists of 15 items. Of the 15 items, 10 indicated the presence of depression when answered positively, while the rest (question numbers 1, 5, 7, 11, 13) indicated depression when answered negatively. Scores of 0-4 are considered normal, depending on age, education, and complaints; 5-8 indicate mild depression; 9-11 indicate moderate depression; and 12-15 indicate severe depression. The Short Form is more easily used by physically ill and mildly to moderately demented patients who have short attention spans and/or feel easily fatigued [12].  Mini–Mental State Examination (MMSE) or Folstein test: It is a 30-point questionnaire that is used extensively in clinical and research settings to measure cognitive impairment. It is commonly used in medicine and allied health to screen for dementia. It is also used to estimate the severity and progression of cognitive impairment [13] and to follow the course of cognitive changes in an individual over time [14].  Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS): Subjective fatigue was evaluated in all subjects using the Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS), a 9-item statement rating the severity of fatigue. Verbally the statements were asked to all the subjects and the ratings were given accordingly. FSS is rated between 1-7 points and higher the fatigue more is the score [15].  Webster rating scale: Webster developed a rating scale for patients with Parkinson's disease based on 10 clinical findings. The scale indicates the severity of disease and the clinical im


Structural diagram and the system models adaptation of the tractor mass energy characteristics to the operating conditions are substantiated. A multiple-level system for the stage by stage aim achievement of the tractor adaptation operational parameter to the operating conditions is offered. This system is based on the determinated and rectangular component use. The resource economy problem is formed at every level on the condition that exit optimization results of the top levels are initial data for the following results. Each level supposes the connected problem solution to intensify the resource economy effect.


Abstract In 1966, Andreasen and Hjørting‐Hansen were the first to describe a relationship between tooth resorption and dental trauma. However, Andreasen's original classification did not include other resorptive processes which have since been identified. Numerous articles have been published suggesting new terminology and definitions for tooth resorption. A uniform language with universally accepted terminology is crucial to eliminate the multiplicity of terms and definitions which only cause confusion within the profession. An electronic literature search was carried out in the PubMed database using the following keywords for articles published in English: "root resorption," "inflammatory root resorption," "replacement resorption," "cervical resorption," "trauma," "ankylosis," "surface resorption," and "internal resorption." The search also included textbooks and glossaries that may not have surfaced in the online search. This was done to identify articles related to tooth resorption and its etiology in dentistry. The aim of this review was to present the history that has led to the variety of terms and definitions for resorption. This review emphasizes the need for a clearer, simpler, and more comprehensive nomenclature for the various types of tooth resorption which are presented in Part 2 of this series.


Ann V. Murphy's Violence and the Philosophical Imaginary is a concise and insightful exploration of the motif of violence within twentieth- and twenty-first-century continental philosophy. The book devotes specific attention to the role that images and metaphors of violence play within contemporary continental feminist ethics. In the first half of the book, Murphy examines attempts to bring violence under critique within an iconographic landscape that is littered with figures of violence. In the second half, Murphy turns her attention to an examination of the tension that arises when feminist philosophers attempt to move from ontologies of corporeal vulnerability to the domain of normative ethics. Together, the two parts of the book take seriously the force that images of violence hold within the imaginary of contemporary continental philosophy. Murphy critically examines the privileging of such images while also acknowledging their undeniablity (7). She does not condemn continental philosophers for making violence so central to ethical and metaphysical thinking, nor does she imagine that her own critique is somehow immune to violence (7). Violence and the Philosophical Imaginary successfully accomplishes the task of better elucidating the theoretical terrain out of which we make some of our most significant claims about being and doing.


"This article utilises unit record data from the" 1989-90 National Health Survey "to explore the relationships between low income and perceptions of health and happiness. After describing how the key variables were constructed, attention is focused on the incidence of perceived poor health and unhappiness among those individuals living in income units on either side of a poverty threshold related to the Henderson poverty line. The results reveal that those in poverty generally have poorer health and are less happy than those above the poverty threshold. The observed differences are statistically significant for many income unit types, particularly non-aged single people and couples with children. Attention then turns to exploring how health and happiness vary across the deciles of the income distribution. Again, significant differences are revealed, particularly when more sophisticated distributional measures are employed. Finally, consideration is given to the possibility that the results reflect reverse causality, and that the observed correlations incorporate the role of intervening variables." Copyright 1996 The University of Melbourne, Melbourne Institute of Applied Economic and Social Research.


Next-generation production and manufacturing plants create individualized products by automatically deriving production schedules from design specifications. However, because planning and scheduling are computationally hard, they must typically be done off-line using a simplified system model, and are consequently unaware of on-line observations and potential component faults. This leads to a self-assessment problem we call plan assessment: Given behavior models and current observations of the plant's (possibly faulty) behavior, how likely is it that partially executed manufacturing plans will still succeed? A previously developed self-assessment capability generates k most probable system behaviors as solutions of a constraint optimization problem. However, it only allows single products and doesn't scale well with the schedule length. In this work, we extend the capability towards multiple products and generate k most probable system behaviors only within a small, fixed time window, which is then moved to cover schedules longer than the time window. Experiments show the feasibility of this approximative approach.


Name Entity Disambiguation is the Natural Language Processing task of identifying textual records corresponding to the same Named Entity, i.e. real-world entities represented as a list of attributes (names, places, organisations, etc.). In this work, we face the task of disambiguating companies on the basis of their written names. We propose a Siamese LSTM Network approach to extract -- via supervised learning -- an embedding of company name strings in a (relatively) low dimensional vector space and use this representation to identify pairs of company names that actually represent the same company (i.e. the same Entity). Given that the manual labelling of string pairs is a rather onerous task, we analyse how an Active Learning approach to prioritise the samples to be labelled leads to a more efficient overall learning pipeline. With empirical investigations, we show that our proposed Siamese Network outperforms several benchmark approaches based on standard string matching algorithms when enough labelled data are available. Moreover, we show that Active Learning prioritisation is indeed helpful when labelling resources are limited, and let the learning models reach the out-of-sample performance saturation with less labelled data with respect to standard (random) data labelling approaches.


The manoeuvrability and control of marine vehicles, whether commercial or naval platforms, is critical to their safe, efficient and effective operation. It is a regulatory requirement of the International Maritime Organization that specific craft meet prescribed manoeuvring performance criteria to mitigate the risk of collision and catastrophic failure. In-harbour operational efficiency in the marine transport sector is a significant financial driver, while Naval war-fighting doctrine demand that surface combatants can out-manoeuvre and out-
perform the myriad of present day and future threats to enable them to maintain their dominance as a naval deterrent. This poses the question: are we as a nation in a position to assess and understand the manoeuvring performance of marine vehicles to the level required by the statutory, commercial and defence stakeholders? If not, then what would it take to bridge that capability gap and is an investment into the development of an indigenous capability the best solution? To date, science and industry have developed methods to analyse and evaluate the manoeuvring and control characteristics of marine vehicles. These range from physical experimentation to systems identification and more recently, advanced numerical simulation. The abilities and limitations of these methods are generally well understood such that they can be appropriately implemented.

In this paper, systems thinking is utilised to explore the complex issue of how to develop an indigenous marine vehicle manoeuvring analysis and evaluation capability. The strategic and technical aspects surrounding this capability, along with some of the risks involved, are assessed and discussed. Concept solutions to fulfil the capability's requirements are proposed with the aim to provide the best outcome based on the needs of the maritime industry and its
customers.


The information barrier is the main obstacle of the development and promotion for the prefabricated construction in china, however, information integration is an important way to break through barriers, and also an important technical force to improve the construction level. In order to accelerate the development of information integration for building prefabricated construction, first, based on the CICS theory and characteristics of building prefabricated construction, the framework of information integration is proposed. Then, according to analysis of GIS, BIM, Web Service and component technology, architecture of the information integration system for prefabricated construction is build, and application principle of the running process and function module of system is described. Finally, applying the system to the actual case, the development of building information integration management system for steel structure construction project is realized. Through practical project application, the information barrier is broken in traditional management, the economic benefits are significant, and the feasibility and economy of the system are verified.


Highlight Maize lateral root primordia 1 encodes an auxin-inducible transcriptional activator confined to root primordia that is repressed by direct promoter binding of the Aux/IAA protein ROOTLESS WITH UNDETECTABLE MERISTEM 1.


Confirmatory factor analytic techniques were used to examine the dimensionality and stability of the Organizational Commitment Questionnaire (OCQ). Based on the item responses of a cohort of 440 Navy personnel at three time periods, the results suggest that the OCQ is composed of two separate, but highly correlated, dimensions. The dimensions of the OCQ were not stationary, but the results suggest that the value commitment dimension comprised of the nine positively worded items becomes more stable over time. Based on the pattern of factor loadings, squared multiple correlations of the items, and correlations among the factors it would appear that there would not be a loss in validity by using the short form of the OCQ, which consists of the items of value commitment dimension. These results also suggest that the OCQ may not be valid for individuals who have been with an organization for only a short time.


To automate machining process planning, the acquisition and representation of machining knowledge or know-how in a reusable way is needed. The machining know-how is implied in NC programs made by experienced workers. In this paper, the methodology and system for extracting machining know-how in milling operations have been developed. With the system, machining features, operations and their associated cutting conditions (depth of cut, feed rate and spindle speed, etc.) and machining method can be extracted by analysing NC programs in conjunction with the tools used and workpiece blank model. The milling know-how is represented as a collection of these extracted data that can be used in future machining operations. To verify the system, actual NC programs for milling have been analysed and the milling know-how has been extracted successfully.