There has always been a desire to live a good life in a good place. From the past to the present, people have fallen into migratory paths sometimes in the desire to have a good life and sometimes adopted a new understanding of administration thought. At this point, the fictions that promise a better life have always been in the minds and works of people. The concept of "utopia" comes out as a conceptual qualification of these searches of happiness. In the historical and cultural process, utopias are handled in a variety of ways by very different approaches. These utopian fictions have also influenced the practice of life with the positive-negative variations that are attributed to the character of the movements of thought. From this point of view, as another dimension, it is aimed to analyze the administration thought in utopias within the context of utopian socialists. In this framework, the study consists of two parts. At first, the relation between utopia and administration is analyzed. In the second part, the thoughts of Saint-Simon, Fourier, Proudhon, Godwin and Kropotkin, which are important representatives of utopian socialism, are examined in depth. Literature review technique is used.


Through analyzing the present situation of characteristic services of agricultural university libraries,this paper discusses the connotations of characteristic services of agricultural university libraries,puts forward some measures for carrying out characteristic services by agricultural university libraries,and expounds the importance of deepening characteristic services of agricultural university libraries.


Abstract Background Clozapine is an atypical antipsychotic drug with therapeutic efficacy through serotonin-dopamine antagonism. It has been used for the management of treatment-resistant schizophrenia and reducing the risk of suicidal behavior. In addition to agranulocytosis and leukopenia, clozapine has also been reported to be associated with other types of blood dyscrasias, including leukocytosis. We wish to report a case of leukocytosis associated with clozapine treatment in a patient of chronic schizophrenia. Methods Our patient is a 48-year-old woman with a diagnosis of schizophrenia since the age of 22. She has a history of numerous hospitalizations and substantial treatment with conservative antipsychotics. We evaluated her medical and psychiatric history as well as mental status. Then We assumed that she might have treatment-resistant schizophrenia and accordingly commenced treatment with clozapine. At the time of admission, her WBC count was 8.01 × 109/L and ANC was 5110. Clozapine was started at 3rd hospital day. We stopped aripiprazole and gradually increased clozapine. Only 2mg of lorazepam was used in combination with clozapine. Remission was achieved with 450 mg/day of clozapine. WBC on the 1st day of treatment was 12.41 × 109/L (ANC; 9481) and clozapine was 300mg/day. WBC on the 18th day of treatment was 15.32 × 109/L (ANC; 12501), and at that time, her clozapine dosage was 450mg/day. At this point, her vital sign was within normal range and physical examination did not showed any infectious signs. On the 25th day of treatment, WBC count was 22.1 × 109/L and ANC was 17680. However, no general medical condition to explain the leukocytosis was found. We concluded that her leukocytosis was linked to clozapine, and decided to taper out clozapine despite there being no medical contraindication. After two weeks from starting blonanserin and olanzapine, WBC count normalized. Fortunately, despite replacing the medication, the remission was maintained. Results In our case, the increase in white blood cell count with increasing dose of clozapine was evident and did not reveal any other medical cause to explain leukocytosis in the patient. In addition, leukocytosis improved significantly after discontinuing clozapine. Also, there have been reports of cases of leukocytosis associated with clozapine treatment, and the mechanism of leukocytosis has been explained to some extent. Considering these temporal associations, mechanisms, and previous cases, it is reasonable to consider leukocytosis associated with clozapine in this case. Discussion This case suggests a temporal relationship between the use of clozapine and leukocytosis. It also shows the rapid resolution of leukocytosis after discontinuation of clozapine. The mechanisms of clozapine-induced leukocytosis may be related to changes in plasmatic concentrations of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-2 and IL-6 cytokines, which could be stimulated by clozapine. In our case, an increase in WBC count was consistent with an increase in clozapine dose, suggesting a dose-dependent effect. However, the appearance of leukocytosis during clozapine treatment does not mean that clozapine should be discontinued. Nevertheless, the WBC continued to increase steadily, and clinicians inevitably replaced the drugs in consideration of the fact that he was not a general hospital but a psychiatric clinic. In this paper we have reported a patient of chronic schizophrenia who developed leukocytosis during clozapine treatment. It appears that most of clozapine-associated leukocytosis can be benign medical condition. However, clinicians should be aware of the dangers of other blood disorders such as leukocytosis.


Until recently, Indian courts have adjudicated upon their authority to issue anti-arbitration injunctions in the context of foreign-seated arbitrations in a haphazard manner, without examining the source or compatibility of this power with either the (Indian) Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996 or the Convention on Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Awards, 1958. Deviating from this trend, two recent decisions of the Supreme Court of India, viz Chatterjee Petrochem and World Sport Group, have deliberated upon this issue and interestingly, they have followed an inconsistent approach. This has led to uncertainty over whether Indian courts may entertain a civil action seeking to restrain foreign arbitral proceedings. Accordingly, in this article, the authors analyse the existing position of law in this regard. They elucidate the early Indian approach towards anti-arbitration injunctions, the relevant provisions of the 1996 Act, and the comparative framework in which the current position should be examined. The authors conclude that the decision in World Sport Group is in consonance with the interpretation of the 1996 Act. Further, it reflects international best practice, according to which anti-arbitration injunctions may be awarded where the arbitration agreement is null and void or inoperative or incapable of being performed, and the foreign arbitral proceeding is vexatious and oppressive.

International Convention: Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Arbitral Awards, 1958, 330 UNTS 38 (1959) ['New York Convention'].Domestic Legislation: Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996 (August 16, 1996) (India)Judicial Decisions: Chatterjee Petrochem Co v Haldia Petrochemicals Ltd, 2013 (15) SCALE 45 (Indian Supreme Court)World Sport Group (Maurities) v MSM Satellite (Singapore), AIR 2014 SC 968 (Indian Supreme Court)


When the interaction of a quantum system with a detector changes from weak to strong-coupling limits, the system experiences a transition from the regime with quantum-mechanical coherent oscillations to the regime with a frozen dynamics. In addition to this quantum Zeno transition, we show that the full counting statistics of detector signal events experiences a topological phase transition at the boundary between two phases at intermediate coupling of a quantum system to the detector. We demonstrate that this transition belongs to the class of topological phase transitions that can be classified by elements of the braid group. We predict that this transition can be explored experimentally by means of the optical spin noise spectroscopy.


How to detect the trace of the technological developments and assess the technological trajectories is a critical issue of competition of firms. This paper proposed a network-based of citation-analytic methodology and has sought to look at the issue of technological isomorphism and its implications for the insurance companies. This paper has focused its discussion on patent data of 'insurance business method' to explore possible technological trajectories in insurance. The result of this research also found the technological isomorphism in insurance already occurs. The contribution of this paper is to introduce the social network analysis into patent citations to foresee the technological development.


The present disclosure relates to systems and methods for detecting features of a signal. According to embodiments, by transposing segments of a signal, such as segments representing pulses in a PPG signal, such that they are stacked next to each other, various characteristics about the signal may be discerned such as information about repetitive features of the signal. According to an embodiment, from a PPG signal respiration information may be determined about individual breaths, blood pressure changes may be determined, and information about other physiological parameters affecting the PPG signal may be determined.


[Ru(N∧N)(MeCN)2(2-Ph-2′-Py)]PF6 (2-Ph-2′-Py = ortho-metalated 2-phenylpyridine, N∧N = phenanthroline, 2,2′-bipyridine), in which one of the nitrogens of the N∧N ligand is bound to Ru trans to the phenyl unit of 2-PhPy, were slowly isomerized (2 days) in refluxing 1,1-dichloroethane/MeCN (9/1) or more rapidly (although with a reduced yield) in the presence of UV light, to afford compounds in which the same N atom was bound to Ru trans to the pyridine of 2-PhPy; these new compounds, in opposition to their well-known isomers, proved to be nicely reactive toward substitution reactions of the MeCN ligands, by other bidentate N-containing ligands such as 4,4′-R2-2,2′-bipyridine (R = H, OMe, COOH) and 4,7-dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline. These results question the exact structure of the already reported heteroleptic tris(chelate) RuII complexes obtained from the same starting material in which the incoming bidentate ligands were incorrectly believed to be bound to the Ru atom at positions trans to N atoms.


The purpose of this article is to take a single concept, unionateness, and to illustrate the way in which theoretical and operational considerations interact in leading to its refinement and elaboration. A distinction is introduced between enterprise and society unionateness, and the problems associated with the operationalization and measurement of each of these new concepts are discussed. The importance of measurement procedures as an intrinsic part of the problem of conceptualization is emphasized, particularly in relation to certain techniques of measurement which are not widely used. In a concluding section there is a brief presentation of findings which demonstrate the value of the distinction introduced.


A method for obtaining fluorescent labeled polyvinyl chloride nanoparticles of 60-110 nm by deposition of plastic and dye solution into water has been developed. These nanoparticles are suitable for testing effect of nanoplastic on living organisms. We have cultivated diatom algae Ulnaria ferefusiformis in the presence of polyvinyl chloride nanoparticles and revealed that the suppression of the vital activity in diatoms is not due to the penetration of nanoparticles into the cell but arises from their association with the outer surface of the cells near the labiate process (rimoportula).


A fast optical pyrometer for shock temperature measurement was developed based on GDB159/142 photo-multiplier tubes(PMT)and one single optical fiber incorporated with dichroic filters.Main features include the central wavelengths within the spectrum range of 340~811nm,a rise-time of 2~3ns,and measurable shock temperature span of 2500~15000K.Results of the pulse-linearity measurements indicate that the dynamical linearity values for all six channels are greater than 200mV(50Ω load resistor)which meet the requirement for recording on the digital oscilloscopes with good signal-to-noise ratio.Calibration method by the spectral irradiance with a halogen lamp and examples of dynamic measurements are presented.It is demonstrated that this system produces reasonable outputs with stable performance at an economical cost.


The article is devoted to the modern views on the origin and career of the Gothic historian Jordanes and to the features of his chronicle, "The Origin and Deeds of the Goths," which is the main written source for historical reconstruction of the early history of the Gothic tribes. Barbarian Goths are one of the most studied in the historic literature, the community, traditionally regarded as a bi-unity of the Ostroand the Visigoths. Researchers' attention to the Goths is explained not only due to a significant role in the recent historical context of the early Middle Ages, but also to a relatively presentable body of sources on the history of the Gothic tribes. Central among these sources is Jordanes' "De Origine Aqtibusque Getarum". This chronicle is the only work that has survived to our time, which is devoted directly to the history of the formation of a barbarian tribe from its origins to the formation of kingdoms in the declining empire. Some of its evidence is unique, or at least considerably more detailed than in other sources. The specific qualities and advantages of this chronicle is the fact that its author, Jordanes, considers himself a Goth, which automatically makes it a more authentic evidence. Other written sources pertaining to this period, have Greek or Latin origin, and broadcast the appropriate attitudes and identity. At the present state of research of Jordanes' Getica it should be stated that most scholars are inclined to accept one as a metatext chronicle of at least the third order originally quite artificial, but repeatedly corrected in accordance with the political situation. In this sense, Getica must be characterized as a reflection of the historical period of its creation. It seems that the most productive questions will be addressed to Getica not precisely to what it says, but how and why. Getica does not tell the history of the Goths, but one is itself part of the history and so is its creator. It is the result of the crisis of both the Roman and the barbarian identities, an attempt of cultural assimilation of the barbarians; an attempt that helped to shape the Gothic self-identity and self-determination, and therefore positively echoed among the Romans, among barbarians and among those who could not confidently be attributed to either category. Getica is a good example of the phase and hard formation of post-Roman Europe in all its diversity and syncretism.


Objective To explore the characterization of antibiotic resistance in hospitalized elderly patients with lower respiratory tract infection caused by Pseudomonas Aeruginosa, and provide scientific basis for clinical ra- tional use of antimicrobial drugs and prevent the emergence of pan-drug resistant bacteria. Methods The drug sensi- tive tests of 347 hospitalized elderly patients with lower respiratory tract infection caused by Pseudomonas Aeruginosa in Shandong provincial hospital affinited to Shandong university from May 2010 to June 2012 were analyzed retrospec- tively. Results The antimicrobial resistance of the 347 cases was rather serious. The resistant rates of ampicillin and cefazolin were both 100.0%. Followed by ampicillin/sulbactam, tobramycin, sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim, the re- sistant rates were 95.1% ,86.8% and 83.6% respectively. The resistant rate of imipenem has reached 19.6%, and the detection rate of pan-drug bacteria was 4.9%. Conclusion The antibiotic resistance in hospitalized elderly pa- tients with lower respiratory tract infection caused by Pseudomonas Aeruginosa has become more and more serious. In order to prevent the emergence and prevalence of pan-drug resistant bacteria, antibacterial agents should be chosen reasonably according to the results of drug sensitive tests.

Key words:
Respiratory tract infections ;  Pseudomonas Aeruginosa;  Cross infection ;  Antimicrobial resistance; Aged


7-10 September 1998, Santiago, Chile 2nd International Symposium on Assessing and Managing Health Risks from Drinking Water. Contact: Ana Maria Sancha, Universidad de Chile, Av. Blanco Encalada 2120, Of. 417, Santiago, Chile. Tel/Fax: +5626894171; or Erich Reichard, US Geological Survey, 5735 Kearny Villa Road Ste. 0, San Diego, California 92123, USA. Tel: +1 6196376834. Fax: +1 619 6379201. E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com.


Survey of heavy metal content in oysters (C. cucullata) in the waters of the Los Kala River estuary in June-July 2018. Heavy metal content analysis was carried out at the Riau KLHK Laboratory with Atomic Abortion Spectrophotometer Shimadzu AA-7000. The results showed that the heavy metal content in oysters (C. cucullata) was Pb (14,454 µg/g), Cu (103,778 µg/g), Cu (111,611 µg/g). The highest Pb content was found at Station II (16.0388 µg/g), the highest i Cu content was found at Station V (170.2445 µg/g), and the highest Zn content was found at Station II (128.7621 µg/g). In general calculations of Provisional Tolerable Weekly Intake(PTWI) set by FAO/WHO suggest that for health and to avoid the effects of heavy metals, consumption of oysters (C. cucullata) per person from the estuary of Los Kala River does not exceed 1.09 kg/week (based on Pb concentration), 21, 25 kg/week (based on Cu concentration) and 19.76 kg/week (based on Zn concentration).Keywords: C. cucullata, estuary of Los Kala River, Heavy metalcontent, PTWI


P ahari denotes 'hilly or mountainous' in origin. Pahari Schools of Painting includes towns, such as Basohli, Guler, Kangra, Kullu, Chamba, Mankot, Nurpur, Mandi, Bilaspur, Jammu and others in the hills of western Himalayas, which emerged as centres of painting from seventeenth to nineteenth century. Beginning at Basohli with a coarsely flamboyant style, it blossomed into the most exquisite and sophisticated style of Indian painting known as the Kangra School, through the Guler or pre-Kangra phase. Unlike the distinguishing stylistic features of Mughal, Deccani and Rajasthani Schools, Pahari paintings demonstrate challenges in their territorial classification. Though all the above centres crafted precisely individualistic characteristics in painting (through the depiction of nature, architecture, figural types, facial features, costumes, preference for particular colours and such other things), they do not develop as independent schools with distinctive styles. Paucity of dated material, colophons and inscriptions also prevent informed categorisation. The emergence of the Pahari School remains unclear, though scholars have cautiously proposed theories concerning its beginning and influences. It is widely accepted that Mughal and Rajasthani styles of paintings were known in the hills probably through examples of Provincial Mughal style and family relationships of hill Rajas with the royal courts of Rajasthan. However, the flamboyantly bold Basohli-like style is, generally, understood to be the earliest prevailing pictorial language. B. N. Goswamy, one of the most significant scholars of the Pahari Schools of Painting, has attributed the shaping of Pahari style from Krishna steals butter, Bhagvata Purana, 1750, N. C. Mehta Collection, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India


Battery State-of-Charge Estimation Using Neural Networks Chenyao Liao This thesis proposes a way to augment the existing machine learning algorithm applied to state-of-charge estimation by introducing a form of pulse injection to the running battery cells. It is believed that the information contained in the pulse responses can be interpreted by a machine learning algorithm whereas other techniques are difficult to decode due to the nonlinearity. OCV Mapping is also applied in order to evaluate and compare the performances with feedforward neural network (FNN) -based approach. Coulomb-counting is selected as the basis of making comparison as it is capable of obtaining the SoC with an error less than 0.1%. The detailed system layout is given to perform the augmented SoC estimation integrated in a real-world testbench. Testing procedures specifically designed for both OCV Mapping and FNN-based approach are also explained and provided. A 2-hidden layer FNN is trained to acquire the nonlinear relationship between the training pulse and the ground-truth SoC. The experimental data is trained and the results are shown within 6-8mins computation time and an error boundary of 1.13% for charge and 0.80% for discharge, whereas OCV Mapping has approximately 3.35% SoC estimation error for charge and 1.86% for discharge even after 90 minutes relaxation.


The surface sensitive magneto-optical Kerr effect methods and conversion a, well as integral low-energy electron Mossbauer spectroscopy are used to compare the sui face magnetic and microstructural properties of two Metglas alloys with compositions Fe(80)Si(6)B(14) and Fe(80)Si(10)B(10) It is shown that the samples differ markedly both in the Mossbauer spectra and the surface hysteresis loops While the ribbon with lower amount of Si is amorphous and characterized by three contributions corresponding to clusters with prevailing content of Fe and Si atoms, to clusters of mainly Fe and B atoms, and regions in between, the surface of the second sample is partially crystallized into bcc-FeSi crystals embedded in the residual amorphous matrix


Lemmel's syndrome is an uncommon entity that causes obstructive jaundice due to a periampullary duodenal diverticulum, in the absence of choledolithiasis or neoplasia. To date, there are few published cases and the etiopathogenesis is unclear.


We simulated the wavelength division multiplexing passive optical network (WDM-PON) prototype with 16 pair of wavelengths. 16 downstream wavelength multiplexed to down streaming 40Gb/s data from optical line terminal (OLT) to optical network unit (ONU) via 1:16 splitter at the remote node (RN). 16 upstream wavelength are combined at RN from ONU's and forwarded to the OLT. Amplifier section is placed only at the OLT side hence it pre-amplifying downstream signal and post-amplifying upstream signal. Upstream and downstream results are investigated and analyzed using simulated analyzer and it is found that upstream has better bit error rate (BER) and quality factor (Q-Factor) than the downstream signal.


he following is a Draft statement prepared from discussion held during the CIFAR workshop September 18-20, 2019, in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. The workshop was co-sponsored by CIFAR,* U.K. Research and Innovation (UKRI), and the French National Center for Scientific Research (CNRS), and cohosted by Future Earth, The Observatory of Social Impacts on AI and Digital Technology, the U.K. Office for AI, and CNRS.


The role of Mullah Ahmad al-Jazarī in the history of Kurdish thought and literature is remarkable. Many Kurdish scholars, poets and wises were under the influence of al-Jazari. In that respect, Jazari's work, al-Dīwān, was examinated in Kurdish madrasahs and lodges, almost as a holy text, throughout centuries. We can say that no any Kurdish poets who was not influenced by al-Jazarī. One of these poets was Sayyid Qadrī Hashimī. He was from the center of culture, art and wisdom, al-Jazīra, like al-Jazarī. While Hashimī deals with the literary methology like Mela and takes into consideration many issues of Tasawuf as a follower al-Jazarī, he shows us his remarks on some special issues like union, incarnation and his approach to Hallaj Al-Mansur as a representative of Khalidī Tarīqah. The aim of this paper is to compare Jazari with Hashimi in the context of sufī thought


This study analyzes strategy tool development inside organizations, invoked as a response to pluralistic and ambiguous environments. Drawing on an extensive ethnographic study conducted at a multid...


Sex Discrimination," by Kenneth Boulding and Barbara B. Reagan, The American Economic Review, Vol 63, No. 5 (December 1973), pp. 1049-1061. 9. Virginia Black, "The Erosion of Legal Principles in the Creation of Legal Policies," Ethics, Vol. 84, No. 2 (January 1974), p. 93. 10. For a good discussion of the opposition to affirmative action, see Daniel Bell "On Meritocracy and i i ination," by Ken eth Boulding and BarEquality," The Public Interest, Vol. 29 (Fall 1972), pp. 29-68. 11. John Rawls, A Theory of Justice, (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1971), p. 9. 12. Ibid., pp. 14-15. 13. Ibid., p. 7. 14. Ibid., p. 12. 15. Ibid. quality," The Public Interest, Vol. 29 (Fall 1972),


The News Focus article "String theory gets real—sort of" (A. Cho, 26 Nov. 2004, p. 1460) nicely describes the historical issues and separation of string theory and phenomenology, but it does not convey the recent excitement and increased activity of the emerging area of "string phenomenology." The best documentation for that is people voting with their "feet"—last summer witnessed the third international string phenomenology meeting (in Ann Arbor), with the fourth already scheduled for Munich next summer, plus the first ever string phenomenology workshop, on which the article reported. String theory is exciting not only as a quantum theory of gravity, but because it allows us to address as research topics basic questions previously out of reach. Increasingly, many people are working in these areas and unifying different areas (such as collider physics, inflation, dark matter, quark masses, neutrino masses, and more) that could only be connected by a deep underlying theory. Whether such efforts are successful remains to be seen, but a number of people are more optimistic than they have been for a long time.


Robotics is a demanding technology in the field of science. This proposed system modifies the existing manual work and this system can be used industrial applications as well as mining applications. Most of the times the human life is not taken into consideration. The main objective of this system is designing a wireless gesture controlled smart robot car based on SOC such as ESP8266.The various movements of the hand will be sensed by the accelerometer mounted on the hand of the user. Accelerometer consists of mainly two parts, transmitter part and receiver part. The transmitter will transmit the signal according to the position of accelerometer attached on your hand and the receiver will receive the signal and the microcontroller will make the robot move in respective direction. The advantage of this automated gesture based robot car system over the manual method is that it offers safety and remote interfacing with the robot. The drowsiness detection system is used to detect the drowsiness of the driver. The drowsiness of the driver will enact the snag identification sensors for keeping away from the mischance while pulling over. At that point the robot will cross a sheltered course to the unfilled side of the street. This system is very much useful to make smart industry as well as reduce the human death.


Featured Application: Performing e ff ective and e ffi cient hybrid simulations of mechanical systems in real-time by implementing a model order reduction technique to the computational algorithm. The e ffi ciency of the computations is understood as the ability to test systems of a higher number of degrees of freedom while maintaining high accuracy, without increasing the time step. E ff ective simulation is a simulation that allows acquiring correct results while maintaining the time regime. Abstract: Hybrid simulation is a technique for testing mechanical systems. It applies to structures with elements hard or impossible to model numerically. These elements are tested experimentally by straining them by means of actuators, while the rest of the system is simulated numerically using a finite element method (FEM). Data is interchanged between experiment and simulation. The simulation is performed in real-time in order to accurately recreate the dynamic behavior in the experiment. FEM is very computationally demanding, and for systems with a great number of degrees of freedom (DOFs), real-time simulation with small-time steps (ensuring high accuracy) may require powerful computing hardware or may even be impossible. The author proposed to swap the finite element (FE) model with an artificial neural network (ANN) to significantly lower the computational cost of the real-time algorithm. The presented examples proved that the computational cost could be reduced by at least one number of magnitude while maintaining high accuracy of the simulation; however, obtaining appropriate ANN was not trivial and might require many attempts.


In March and April 2011, a team of transportation professionals with expertise in highway design, maintenance, data collection and analysis, and motorcyclist safety issues held discussions with representatives from five states, four motorcycle rider advocacy groups, and one manufacturer on infrastructure issues relating to enhancing motorcyclist safety. The scan team focused on infrastructure, event management and travel planning, data collection and analysis, and communication and coordination as topics for discussion. The scan team chose specific states and organizations because of their innovative approaches to enhancing motorcyclist safety and their unique circumstances in hosting major riding events. The team invited motorcycle rider advocacy groups to participate because of their unique interests in promoting rider safety. The scan team traveled to Florida, Maryland, and Wisconsin. In addition to officials from various organizations in these states, the team met with representatives from South Dakota, Idaho, and the American Motorcyclist Association, the Motorcycle Safety Foundation, the Motorcycle Industry Council, and the Motorcycle Riders Foundation, as well as with individuals from Harley-Davidson USA, and American Bikers Aimed Toward Education (ABATE) of Florida Inc. The scan team gathered information on a broad array of topics a nd identified some effective practices that could be adopted at the state, city, and county levels. The team reviewed specific approaches to planning, design, operations, maintenance , and communications. These approaches are described in this report. The team strongly endorses the concept of a motorcycle safety coalition in each state, with a membership representative of all stakeholders in the state. The coalitions provide perspective on the unique riding and handling characteristics of motorized two- and three-wheeled vehicles that are affected by roadway design, construction, and maintenance practices. The most effective coalitions serve as advisory bodies to heads of transportation departments. Formal business plans and frequent, regularly scheduled meeting s provide opportunities for timely feedback on current and emerging safety issues. These ad visory groups are effective in raising awareness of motorcycling issues among transportatio n officials, engineering and maintenance personnel, and the traveling public. The states included in this domestic scan have adopted practice s and protocols for highway design, construction, operations, and maintenance that are inte nded to enhance motorcycling safety. In addition, some of the states have created targeted programs to promote safety at large-scale annual rallies and at popular, but challenging, rid ing locations. The impetus for many of these programs was the growing awareness of the rising number of motorcyclist fatalities.


The Fisher–Rao metric from information geometry is related to phase transition phenomena in classical statistical mechanics. Several studies propose to extend the use of information geometry to study more general phase transitions in complex systems. However, it is unclear whether the Fisher–Rao metric does indeed detect these more general transitions, especially in the absence of a statistical model. In this paper we study the transitions between patterns in the Gray-Scott reaction–diffusion model using Fisher information. We describe the system by a probability density function that represents the size distribution of blobs in the patterns and compute its Fisher information with respect to changing the two rate parameters of the underlying model. We estimate the distribution non-parametrically so that we do not assume any statistical model. The resulting Fisher map can be interpreted as a phase-map of the different patterns. Lines with high Fisher information can be considered as boundaries between regions of parameter space where patterns with similar characteristics appear. These lines of high Fisher information can be interpreted as phase transitions between complex patterns.


The preparation methods of fixed diamond,such as wire brazing,resin bonded adhesion and electroplating were summarized.The principle,model and methods of cladding on diamond were analyzed,and some methods of cladding on diamond were compared.The mechanism of composite electroplating containing the theories of adsorption, mechanics and electrochemistry was discussed.The developmental trends of the preparation of fixed diamond wire saw were proposed.


In a phosphate buffer medium of pH 10,sensitization effect of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate(SDBS) on the fluorescence of berberine was observed obviously,and the magnitude of increase in fluorescence intensity was found to keep linear relationship with the concentration of berberine in the range of 2.0×10-9-1.0×10-3mol·L-1.Detection limit(3S/N) of the reaction was found to be 1.29×10-9mol·L-1.The reaction was used as a method to determine berberine and was applied to the analysis of berberine tablets.Results obtained were in conformity with those obtained by the pharmacopoeia method with average values of recovery and RSD′s(n=5) 99.8% and 0.17% respectively.


Development of Traffic signal control systems has become one of the most important topics in this era. Traffic light controllers need to be developed continuously to solve the traffic problems. This paper discussed the proposed accident detection system and demonstrated how the system works from the beginning of the first flag "decrease of cross ratio" and through the member functions with the status of the accident. The focus of this paper is to discuss the Accident Detection System of the proposed dynamic fuzzy control system, which depended on fuzzy logic and its components.


KELSEN H. NORM AND VALUE In the paper "Norm and Value" published in the journal of the University of California in 1966, Kelsen presents basic ideas of normativism. In his reasoning, Kelsen emphasizes evaluation and interpretation of actions not only from the standpoint of "is" and "ought" but also in the context of intentional and volitional nature of action. The purposefulness of human behavior which aims at specific outcome can be estimated from the position of positive and negative values. Values cannot be reduced solely to moral obligations and imperatives; values offer a criterion for assessing actions as lawful or unlawful. According to Kelsen, normativity of law is manifested in normative and value judgments. A specific kind of such judgments exists in those court decisions in which a judge analyses factual conduct from the viewpoint of its compliance or noncompliance with applicable legal regulations. This analysis of different types of judgments allows Kelsen to clarify the most complex aspects of the philosophical and legal doctrine of normativism. Key words: normativism, legal norm, value, H. Kelsen.


In the 21st century city, public space for a range of users, but especially children and young people, has come under threat. Watson proposed that "public space itself has come under attack from several directions-thematisation, enclosure into malls and other controlled spaces, and privatisation, or from urban planning and design interventions to erase its uniqueness".

Largely as a result of these trends, Scott observed that "young urbanites form a marginalised age class movement is restricted, out of fear and distrust, within aims to protect, monitored by city surveillance methods within the security-obsessed fabric". The use of public space by children and young people is a contentious issue in a number of countries and a range of measures deployed to control public space curtail the rights of children and young people to claim the space for their use through curfews, oppressive camera surveillance and at times, the unwarranted attentions of police and private security personnel.


In a phase II study, mongersen (GED-0301) was found effective for achieving clinical remission in patients with active Crohn disease. This molecule has


A comparison of three clear-sky models reveals that a more intricate program isn't necessarily better for solar forecasting.A comparison of three clear-sky models reveals that a more intricate prog...


A primary objective of statistical fracture theory is to predict the probability of failure for an arbitrary stress state when the failure statistics are known for a particular stress state, e.g. simple tension. It is proved that a rule for accomplishing this (given without proof by Weibull) is valid for shear-insensitive cracks, i.e. on the assumption that only the component of stress normal to a crack plane contributes to its fracture. Four failure criteria for shear-sensitive cracks are considered and the results are compared with test data.


In this paper a new three-dimensional (3D) liquid crystal display (LCD) display mode based on backlight control is presented to avoid the left and right eye images crosstalk in 3D display. There are two major issues in this new black frame 3D display mode. One is continuously playing every frame images twice. The other is controlling the backlight switch periodically. First, this paper explains the cause of the left and right eye images crosstalk, and presents a solution to avoid this problem. Then, we propose to play the entire frame images twice by repeating each frame image after it was played instead of playing the left images and the right images frame by frame alternately. Finally, the backlight is switched periodically instead of turned on all the time. The backlight is turned off while a frame of image is played for the first time, then turned on during the second time, after that it will be turned off again and run the next period with the next frame of image start to refresh. Controlling the backlight switch periodically like this is the key to achieve the black frame 3D display mode. This mode can not only achieve better 3D display effect by avoid the left and right image crosstalk, but also save the backlight power consumption. Theoretical analysis and experiments show that our method is reasonable and efficient.


The invention discloses a product-based BOM (bill of materials) generating method, comprising the steps of: a. generating '.xls'-format list; b. reading assembly drawing information; c. developing read data by the assembly drawing and coding the BOM; d. making data comparison check on the generated BOM and finishing the final BOM. The invention is a computer-based set of list processing method, BOM coding method and computer-based product searching and developing method. And it not only makes hierarchical relation of all components of a product and parent-son relation between the components be absolutely clear, but also largely improves BOM accuracy and practicality, having features of high efficiency, good operability and higher accuracy rate.


A better understanding of mud pump operation, performance and wear can save money in the field. This study presents the groundwork toward increased knowledge by comparing duplex and triplex pump geometry, speed, and the resulting flow characteristics.


The knowledge creation of product design is a 'dual-spiral' model. And it is made up of artistic knowledge, technical knowledge and social knowledge, while the social interaction between tacit (embodied) knowledge and explicit knowledge creates and extends new social and technical knowledge, and that between self-transcending knowledge and explicit knowledge creates and extends new artistic knowledge. There are both connections and differences between the two strands of knowledge, as well on the basis of different knowledge assets; these two kinds of knowledge promote the innovation and iteration of product design knowledge in different fields through the SECI process of knowledge conversion. The dual-spiral model about the creation of product design knowledge can inform knowledge creating spiral of green design (product) via 'Green Process' of knowledge assets and Bas, and the dual-SECI about the knowledge creation of product design, in order to promote the green design (product) knowledge's improvement and updating, as well provide Intellectual support for it.


*Introduction *Racism and Anti-Racism: Some Conceptual Themes and Debates *'Race', the Underclass and Benefits: Perceptions and Experiences *Racial Inequality and Housing: Meaning and Interventions *Personal Social Services and the Reality of Community Care *Ethnicity and Health: Problems and Policies *Differential Achievement in Education and Training *Conclusion


The transcription factor (cid:1) FosB (also referred to as FosB2 or FosB[short form]) is an important mediator of the long-term plasticity induced in brain by chronic exposure to several types of psychoactive stimuli, including drugs of abuse, stress, and electroconvulsive seizures. A distinct feature of (cid:1) FosB is that, once induced, it persists in brain for relatively long periods of time in the absence of further stimulation.Themechanismsunderlyingthisapparentstability,however,haveremainedunknown.Here,wedemonstratethat (cid:1) FosBis a relatively stable transcription factor, with a half-life of (cid:2) 10 h in cell culture. Furthermore, we show that (cid:1) FosB is a phosphoprotein in brain and that phosphorylation of a highly conserved serine residue (Ser27) in (cid:1) FosB protects it from proteasomal degradation. We provide several lines of evidence suggesting that this phosphorylation is mediated by casein kinase 2. These findings constitute the first evidencethat (cid:1) FosBisphosphorylatedanddemonstratethatphosphorylationcontributestoitsstability,whichisatthecoreofitsability to mediate long-lasting adaptations in brain.


The ideological and political education and creative development of students in higher education, to become useful during close contact with the integral. To really play to the ideological and political theory class in college students with innovative training in the unique role. Colleges and universities must strengthen the ideological and political theory teaching, ideological and theoretical training courses and capacity of teachers' innovative ideas, innovative teaching content, improving ideological and political theory courses teaching methods and means to cultivate the innovative spirit of students.


Tellurium-doped ZnSe scintillating crystals have been studied by synchronous measurements of the evolution of the microwave-probed photoconductivity and the proton-induced luminescence under exposure to a 1.6 MeV proton beam. The defect introduction rate has been evaluated by the comparative analysis of the laser and proton beam induced luminescence. The difference of the carrier pair generation mechanisms inherent for light and for a proton beam has been revealed.


In a simple homogeneous product setting, the paper looks at the debate on whether firms should choose quantity or price as their strategic variable. It examines a two-stage game between firms with symmetric costs in which the firms choose the strategic mode of operation in the first period and then, in the second period, price or output are chosen simultaneously according to the mode chosen in the first stage. In this game, it is possible to have two Nash equilibria where either both play in quantities or both play in prices. One firm choosing price and the other quantity can never be a Nash equilibrium in the two-stage game. Both choosing quantity is always a Nash equilibrium. Both choosing prices may be a Nash equilibrium only in some situations: the structure of the cost functions decides this issue. Copyright 1996 by Blackwell Publishing Ltd and the Board of Trustees of the Bulletin of Economic Research


Lignans are a group of plant phenolic compounds with various biological activities, including antitumor and antioxidant properties. O-Methylation is a critical step in biosynthesis of these compounds. However, little is known about the O-methyltransferase (OMT) enzymes that catalyze lignan O-methylation. We discovered a highly regioselective OMT activity in safflower (Carthamus tinctorius) seeds that catalyzed the methylation of matairesinol, a dibenzylbutyrolactone lignan, into 4′-O-methylmatairesinol (arctigenin) but not 4-O-methylmatairesinol (isoarctigenin). By examining such OMT activity in correlation with OMT transcript abundances during seed development, we cloned a few putative OMT cDNAs and produced their recombinant proteins in Escherichia coli. Among them, one protein exhibited O-methylation activity for matairesinol with the regioselectivity identical to that of the plant protein, and was named C. tinctorius matairesinol OMT (CtMROMT). CtMROMT did not show any detectable OMT activities towards phenylpropanoid monomers under the reaction conditions tested, while it methylated flavonoid apigenin efficiently into 4′-O-methylapigenin (acacetin). However, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis demonstrated that expression of the CtMROMT gene was synchronized with the CtMROMT activity profile and arctigenin accumulation in the plant. These results demonstrated that CtMROMT is a novel plant OMT for lignan methylation.


A common belief in quantization theory says that the quantization noise process resulting from uniform scalar quantization of a correlated discrete-time process tends to be white in the limit of small distortion ("high resolution"). A rule of thumb for this property to hold is that the source samples have a "smooth" joint distribution. We give a precise statement of this property, and generalize it to nonuniform quantization and to vector quantization. We show that the quantization errors resulting from independent quantizations of dependent real random variables become asymptotically uncorrelated (although not necessarily statistically independent) if the joint Fisher information (FI) under translation of the two variables is finite and the quantization cells shrink uniformly as the distortion tends to zero.


This study centered on entrepreneurship ecosystem and development of business entrepreneurs in Uyo metropolis of Akwa Ibom State. The study specifically sought to examine the relationship between entrepreneurial culture, government policy and development of entrepreneurs in Uyo metropolis. Using a Survey research design, 380 respondents were investigated. Findings revealed that entrepreneurship culture has positive and significant relationship with development of business entrepreneurs in Uyo metropolis (r = 0.856, p.<0.05); and government policy has a positive and significant relationship with development of business entrepreneurs in Uyo metropolis (r = 0.746, p. <0.05). It was concluded that entrepreneurship ecosystem has a positive and significant relationship with the development of business entrepreneurs in Uyo metropolis of Akwa Ibom State. It was recommended that at various homes, colleges and universities, the culture of entrepreneurship should be encouraged as this will help to create healthy entrepreneurship culture among individuals and the state government, through various agencies, should encourage the development of business entrepreneurs through periodic arrangement of entrepreneurship training, seminars and workshops as these measures will help to direct their focus towards the development of entrepreneurship.


The invention relates to a method for the isolation of parts of buildings 1 and / or devices, in particular for performing insulation moisture. To make a subsequent full-stopping insulation of building components underground located, the invention proposes that with inclusion of the surrounding soil 2 and / or the filler material a sealing takes place, wherein a hardening substance under pressure into the soil 2 and / or the filler material is pressed. The substance used is a sealing protective insulation of underground located building components so that older buildings 1 in this manner can be protected from moisture damage.


Using first-principles calculations, we design a novel 2D vertical MoSe2/MoSi2N4 vdWH, which has high carrier mobility up to 104 cm2 V−1 s−1 and easily tunable electronic properties.


The aim of this paper is to review recent developments in leadership theories from paradigm perspective and introduce the new frontiers and challenges of leadership theories and practice. Considering that organizational analysis is rooted in different social science paradigms, "scientization" was likely to result in hegemony of a single paradigm in management field—and in specific leadership studies—by suppressing knowledge claims of other paradigms. In conjunction with this, the study attempted to verify whether the leadership field is dominated by modernist-positivist approach by analyzing the trend in last 15 years from this perspective. Findings of the review significantly demonstrated that the recent developments in the field can be described as a transition from a modernist-positivist approach towards more balanced fashion which employs both retrospective and interpretive approach in leadership studies. However, it is also underlined that integrative perspectives that consider how disparate leadership theories—66 different leadership theories in specific-relate or operate simultaneously to influence the emergence of leadership phenomena is crucial.


In spite of marked eccentricity, Or. Barry became notorious only after dying on 25th July 1865, The Irish newspaper Saunders's News Letter on 14th August 1865 reported Or. Barry's death and revealed that the doctor was in fact a female who had masqueraded as a male throughout her life , Dr. Barry had served as a principal medical officer with the British Military in Malta for about four and a half years. An eccentric but very professionally able person, Dr. Barry joined the Army Medical Department as a hospital assistant on 5th July 1813 and subsequently practiced for the benefit of soldiers in Plymouth, South Africa, Jamaica, Se Helena and Barbados before being posted to Malta on 2nd November 1846. Through her subterfuge, Dr. James Barry had made history by being the first woman in Britain to graduate as a medical doctor and to fulfill an active army career dedicated to Medicine and the amelioration of human suffering, Whatever the reasons for the subterfuge, Barry, during her forty-six years service showed herself to be a successful doctor and administrator. Correspondence: C. Savona-Ventura, Dept. of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Karen Grech Hospital, G'Mangia. On April Fools Day 1851, The Malta Times reported the departure of Dr. James Barry MD, Inspector General of Military Hospitals from Malta'. Dr. Barry had served as a principal medical officer with the British Military in Malta for about four and a half years. An eccentric but very professionally able person, Dr. Barry joined the Army Medical Department as a hospital assistant on 5th July 1813 and subsequently practiced for the benefit of soldiers in Plymouth, South Africa, Jamaica, Se Helena and Barbados before being posted to Malta on 2nd November 18462, In spite of marked eccentricity, Dr. Barry became notorious only after dying on 25th July 1865, The Irish newspaper Saunders's News Letter on 14 August 1865 reported Dr. Barry's death and revealed that the doctor was in fact a female who had masqueraded as a male throughout her life3, The story was taken up by a number of British newspapers, including the Manchester Guardian4. In Malta, it was reported in The Malta Times of the 5th October 1865. "Miscellaneous: A strange story is just now going the round of the clubs, and is being discussed in military circles, the truth of which there appears to be no doubt. An army medical-officer of very high standing, whose death was recently announced, was a female. The correspondent of an Irish paper furnished the subjoined details of the incident:"Our officers quartered at the Cape between 15 and 20 years ago may remember a certain Mr. Barry attached to the medical staff there, and enjoying a reputation for considerable skill in his profession , especially for firmness, decision and rapidity in difficult operations. This gentleman had entered the army in 1813, had passed, of course, through the grades of assistant-surgeon and surgeon in various regiments, and had served as such in the various quarters of the globe. His professional acquirements had procured for him promotion to the staff at the Cape. He was clever and agreeable, save for the drawback of a most quarrelsome temper, and an inordinate addiction to argument, which perpetually brought the former peculiarity into play. He was excessively plain, offeeble proportions, and laboured under the imperfection of a ludicrously squeaking voice. Any natural "chaffing" with regard to these, however, especially roused his ire, but was at length discontinued on his "calling out" a persevering offender, and shooting him through the lungs. About 1840 he was promoted to medical inspector, and was transferred to Malta. There he was equally distinguished by his skill and by his pugnacious propensities, the latter becoming so inconveniently developed upon the slightest difference of opinion with him, that at last no notice was allowed to be taken of his fits of temper. He proceeded from Malta to Corfu, where he was quartered for many years, still conspicuous for the same peculiarities. When our Government ceded the Ionian 1slands to Greece, and our troops, of course, quitted the territory, Dr. Barry elected to leave the army, and take up residence for the rest of his days at Corfu. He died there about a month ago, and upon his death was discovered to be a woman! Very probably this discovery was elicited during the natural preparations for internment, but there seems to be an idea prevalent that either verbally, during the last illness, or by some writing perused immediately after his (jor I must still use the 'masculine') death, he had begged to be buried without any post-mortem examination of any sort. This, most likely, only aroused the curiosity of the two nurses who attended him, for it was to them, it appears, that the disclosure of this mystery is owing. Under the circumstances, the fact was deemed so important that medical testimony was called in to report upon and record its truth. By this investigation, not only was the assertion placed beyond a doubt, but it was equally beyond a doubt brought to light that the individual in question had, at some time or another, been a mother! This is all that is yet known of this extraordinary story. The motives that occasioned, and the time when this singular deception commenced, are both shrouded in mystery. But thus it stands as an indubitable fact, that a woman was an officer in the British service for 40 years , and fought one duel and C. Savona-Ventura 42


"Competition", "liberalisation" and "privatisation" are emotive words in Austria's economic policy debate. To contribute to a less emotional discussion on the "privatisation of public assets" WIFO provides an objective and balanced analysis, not only of the advantages and opportunities of privatisations, but also of their disadvantages and problems. The analysis is presented in three articles in WIFO's Austrian Economic Quarterly, which are based on the theoretical literature and empirical evidence. This first article of the series focuses on the theoretical foundations and the mutual relations of private and public ownership of companies. According to economic theory government interference in the form of public enterprise is only justified in a market economy, if there is market failure and the specific government intervention can actually eliminate the market failure.


In fall 2002, the possibility of a peaceful solution to the Iraq crisis still seemed very real to many people. But by March 2003, when the United States and its allies prepared to march on Baghdad, in the United States at least, war had come to seem like the inevitable, even laudable, solution to the problem. How were so many Americans persuaded to support this preemptive war? How was such an aggressive response so quickly normalized? The U.S. news media played a significant role in that process, and especially the ways in which U.S. news media's framing of the UN contributed to the normalization of war as a response to what, in the eyes of much of the rest of the world, was not even a serious threat.


Human gait recognition is moving ahead by the need for automated person identification and verification at a distance in many applications. In this paper our system presented silhouette videos and neural networks based system for human identification. For each sequence of silhouette images, an automated Region of Interest (ROI) algorithm applied to reduce dimensionality, extract gait features has been attempted with 3level 2Dimension Discrete Wavelet Transform (3L-2D-DWT), edges detection and gait cycle were used to extract relevant feature. Back propagations neural networks used as pattern recognition. The MATLAB software graphics user interface is designed to display result and simplify the use of the system. The developed system has been evaluated using (TUM-IITKGP) which contains three different type of walking categories and the results demonstrate that the proposed system achieves 98.8%, 95.87% and 88% for normal walk, walking with backpack and walking with hand in pocket category respectively of correct recognition. We concluded that the different side of view movement increase reliability of the key extracted feature and improve the neural network performance which opens a scope for further development.


The Charities (Protection and Social Investment) Act 2016 was passed this year, and introduced a range of measures including the empowerment of the Charities Commission to 'crack down' on potential abuses of the sector from financial abuses. Here, Nicole Bolleyer and Anika Gauja look at the practical impact of the legislation, and ask what the bill means for the voluntary sector.


ABSTRACT The effects of systemic administration of exogenous nitric oxide (NO) donor on hepatic arterial buffer response (HABR) have not yet been studied in an anesthetized model. In this study, 28 anesthetized pigs received administration of sodium nitroprusside (SNP) or nitroglycerin (NTG) as exogenous NO donors. Pressure-flow (P-Q) relationships in the hepatic artery defined the pressure at zero flow (PQha = 0) and flow-dependent resistance (R). The magnitude of HABR was evaluated by comparing the change in hepatic arterial blood flow (ΔQha) divided by the change in portal venous blood flow (ΔQpv), using the index of change in blood flow (ΔQha/ΔQpv). Mean arterial pressure decreased from baseline (95.6 ± 3.8 mmHg) to SNP condition (68.3 ± 1.9 mmHg) and decreased from baseline (92.7 ± 4.4 mmHg) to NTG condition (66.2 ± 1.7 mmHg). Mean index of change in blood flow (ΔQha/ΔQpv) was also significantly increased from baseline (0.19 ± 0.12) to SNP condition (0.28 ± 0.17; p = .009) and from baseline (0.18 ± 0.17) to NTG (0.28 ± 0.20; p < .05). In conclusion, systemic administration of SNP and NTG increases HABR with reduced hepatic arterial tone under decreased mean arterial pressure, presumably via exogenous NO enhancing another regulatory system and reducing the pressure gradient for sinusoidal washout.


At last year's International Electron Devices Meeting (2020 IEDM), imec demonstrated for the first time a capacitor-less dynamic random access memory (DRAM) cell, implementing two indiumgallium-zinc-oxide (IGZO) thin-film transistors (TFTs) and no capacitor. This novel 2-transistor-0-capacitor (2T0C) DRAM cell architecture promises to overcome the key obstacles for classical 1-transistor-1-capacitor (1T1C) DRAM density scaling, i.e., the large offcurrent of Si transistors at small cell sizes, and the large area consumed by the storage capacitor. In a 2T0C IGZO-TFT DRAM cell, there is no need for a storage capacitor, as the parasitic capacitance of the read transistor serves as the storage element. In addition, IGZO-TFTs are known for their very low off-current, leading to enhanced retention of the memory cell. Finally, the ability to process IGZOTFTs in the back-end-of-line (BEOL) allows to reduce the DRAM memory's footprint (by moving the memory cell under the memory array) and to stack individual DRAM cells—hence providing a path toward high-density 3D DRAM. This evolution is needed to continue to provide sufficient DRAM capacity for data-intensive applications (such as artificial intelligence, internet-of-things, data centers and cloud computing).


Cite this article: Fisher PM, Hariri AR. 2013Identifying serotonergic mechanisms under-lying the corticolimbic response to threat inhumans. Phil Trans R Soc B 368: 20120192.http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2012.0192One contribution of 11 to a Theme Issue 'Theneurobiology of depression—revisiting theserotonin hypothesis. II. Genetic, epigeneticand clinical studies'.Subject Areas:neuroscienceKeywords:serotonin, corticolimbic, threat, amygdala,prefrontal cortex, neuroimagingAuthor for correspondence:Patrick M. Fishere-mail: email@example.com


Residues of azo dyes are the main pollutants released from textile industries which increases the toxicity level of local water bodies. This study is focused to find out the indigenous bacterial isolates which have the potential to degrade reactive azo dyes. Total 21 bacterial isolates were isolated from textile effluent among them JC8 isolate showed the dye degrading potential which is identified as Mycobacterium oryzae JC8 Strain through 16S rRNA technique. GenBank accession no. MN462556 is assigned by NCBI for particular strain after submitting the data into GenBank database. 89.2% of reactive orange 3R and 84.6% of reactive red HE7B has been successfully decolorized by Mycobacterium oryzae JC8 Strain. Bio decolorization of these dyes were determined through UV-Vis spectrum analysis. High biodegradation rate of these isolates in natural conditions indicates the potential in treatment of azo dyes in a vast level.


Abstract Not Available – First paragraph follows:
Although wheat is normally considered a grain primarily for human food, it has been used successfully in poultry diets for many years. The amount of wheat included in a least-cost ration formulation depends largely on the price of wheat relative to that of corn or other energy-providing feedstuffs and, to a lesser extent, the price of fat and protein sources. In recent years, considerable amounts of wheat have been included in least-cost formulations for poultry because of a variety of agronomic, economic, and political circumstances.


The effects of the different formula of nitrate-nitrogen and ammonium-nitrogen on flue-cured tobacco characters were studied in agronomy,economy,chemical composition and smoking assessment. Those results showed that,based on the same pure nitrogen application,the yields and product values were lifted up in 2.5%~8.6% and 1.5%~20.5% respectively, after increasing the ratio of nitrate-nitrogen to 50% and 75% in formula the average price, commercial grade, and the contents of carbohydrates, potassium oxide, and sugar/nicotine rate, all being raised and the contents of non-reduced sugar and nitrogen-contained compounds reduced at the same time. Smoking assessment has shown that there was no significant correlation in aroma and comprehensive scores with the changes of nitrate-nitrogen rate in formula.


Based on the formal breaking off to highlight coherence pattern design style from especial hollow type paper mold mask-making technology of blue calico,take in-depth and specific analytic study of point,line,surface,pattern and base connection and composition permutation in pattern design of blue calico,and find innovation breakthrough on the basis of study combined with modern digital technology.It certifies that blue calico innovation design and connected folk arts and crafts innovation combination design can completely excellent combination under different designing ideas and processing condition requirements by specific examples,and further prove the scientific and reasonable inheritance innovation research method is the inevitable development road to persist,develop and expand traditional excellent culture.


Weld bead shape control is necessary for adequate welded structure performance when used under repetitive load. Bead shape occasionally deviates even when using automatic welding equipment because of changes in welding conditions such as the shape of the weld groove. A system for measuring the bead shape and controlling welding conditions during welding is thus required. Such a system will further upgrade the weld quality and welding efficiency. The effect of the root gap, a weld groove shape factor, on welding conditions and the bead shape were studied to work out a suitable bead shape control algorithm for an automatic bead shape control system to be used aluminium alloy butt welding.


We define interval decompositions of the lattice of subspaces of vector spaces of finite dimension. We show that such a decomposition exists if and only if there exists a family of linear forms with certain properties. As applications we prove that all finite-dimensional real vector spaces admit an interval decomposition while GF (2)n has an interval decomposition if and only if n ≤ 4. On the other hand we present an interval decomposition of GF (3)5. This partially answers a question of Faigle [4, 1].


To identify usual food and nutrient intakes during pregnancy in Africa, we conducted a systematic search to identify studies that were published between 1990 and 2010 on dietary intake of healthy pregnant women in Africa. Results are base on 11 studies from 8 countries. Median daily intakes of energy and nutrients were compared to FAO/WHO reference nutrient intakes (RNI) and US recommended dietary allowance (RDA). Median daily energy intake (25th, 75th percentiles) was 8.5 MJ (7.4 MJ, 8.9 MJ). Median daily intakes of protein, fat and carbohydrate were 64 g (57 g, 75 g), 51g (17 g, 56 g) and 293 g (281 g, 322 g) and estimated mean contributions to the total energy intake were 13.3 %, 20.2 % and 66.5 %, respectively. Except for vitamin C, median intakes of vitamin A, folate, zinc and calcium were inadequate (65 %, 45 %, 46 %, and 60 % of FAO/WHO RNI, respectively) and intake of iron (14.8 mg/d) was also below the recommendation (55 % of US RDA). Maize was the most commonly consumed food source and a primary contributor to energy, protein, iron, and zinc while animal products were secondary sources for protein and zinc but not regularly consumed. These results suggest that inadequate intakes of micronutrients are prevalent among pregnant women in Africa. Public health strategies, involving supplementation, fortification, and dietary diversification are needed to improve the quality of maternal diets during pregnancy in Africa.


U.S. Treasury officials and members of Congress from both parties have expressed concern that the European Commission's current state aid investigations are disproportionately targeting U.S.-based multinational enterprises. At the same time, a Treasury official recently suggested in congressional testimony that there are limits to what Treasury can do beyond strongly expressing its concerns to the commission. In that testimony, Treasury's representative hinted at two specific pressure points: whether the state aid investigations could undermine U.S. tax treaties with EU member states; and whether any assessments paid by the foreign subsidiaries of U.S. MNEs as a result of state aid investigations would be creditable for U.S. income tax purposes.


Objective To study the plasma levels of F1+2 in the acute-phase of cerebral infarction.Methods Plasma levels of F1+2 of the plasma samples,which were drawn in 24 hours and between 10th and 14th day after the attack ,were measured by Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)in 39 consecutive cases, of which 17 cases were treated with LMWH,12 ones with ticlopidine,10 ones with the others.Results Compared with the control group,elevated significantly levels of F1+2 (2.80±1.23,3.09±1.80~1.02±0.35nmol/L,P=0.000,all),were observed.By facteral analyse, what the time main effect (P=0.000),the treatment's (P=0.009),and their interaction effect (P=0.002) influence significantly on levels of plasma of F1±2 were observde.Conclusion Cogulation markers can be used to identify the activity of the coagulation in the acute courses of cerebral infarction,and the effect of treatment with LMWH and ticlopidine.


The advantages for the use of fiber optic components in communication electronics have led to their increased use in control and signal distribution applications. Recent theoretical and experimental work has surfaced some interesting possibilities for fiber-compatible aperture adjustment and signal feeding for phased array antennas. This paper presents the results of experimental investigations into direct microwave phase shift by optical excitation. The subject phase control method applies novel, light-sensitive PIN diodes in a microstrip phase shifter circuit sized for X-band operation. This phase shifter is made part of a two-element phased array breadboard to show the viability of this approach to array beamforming. Other areas presented include signal distribution methods suitable for large apertures consisting of many (e.g. thousands) radiating elements. Trade-off issues relevant to this subject area are highlighted.


Authoritative servers in the Domain Name System (DNS) constitute the backbone of the Internet naming infrastructure. Scalability is one of the key issues to serve a large client population. The Domain Name System Security Extensions (DNSSEC) put additional burden on name servers due to larger message sizes and more complex server logic [1]. The NSEC3 secure denial of existence [6] is among the DNSSEC operations that can quickly exhaust the CPU and thus reduce the server capacity. Whenever a client queries for a non-existing domain name or resource record, a DNSSEC server with NSEC3 needs to compute the hash value of the query name to construct the proof of non-existence. The NSEC3 hash function is parametrized with the number of hash iterations, which serves as a trade-off between CPU load and the privacy assurance of NSEC3. With weak iterations, attackers can reverse the NSEC3 hash values and discover the contents of the DNS database via zone enumeration, which is what NSEC3 was supposed to prevent [2]. Prior work has shown that NSEC3 hash attacks can be carried out efficiently with GPUs [7]. We suggest to explore the use of GPUs on the server side to improve the scalability of the DNS. Offloading heavyweight operations to the GPU gives us the potential to free the CPU for other tasks, thus lifting existing capacity boundaries at lower costs than with another CPU-based host. In case of NSEC3, the additional processing power of the GPU allows us to raise the hash iterations and thus improve the protection against zone enumeration.


In this paper, the problem of estimation of fast time-varying radio channels is considered. A new algorithm, Iterative Channel Estimation is presented. This algorithm is designed for radio channel estimation in multiple-input multipleoutput systems with space-time block coding. The channel transfer matrix is estimated on the basis of a previously decoded data, so it can be performed simultaneously with the data transmission. The estimation process is a simple operation, just a multiplication of two matrices. As a result, bit error rate is reduced. The algorithm is compared to the differential space-time block codes and verified by Monte-Carlo simulations.


This paper mainly addresses the optimal equity problem under cordon-based congestion pricing with distance toll. The distance tolls are firstly determined by nonlinear function with respect to the travel distance. A user equilibrium model with elastic demand is selected in this paper to evaluate each feasible toll-charge function. In addition, a network transformation technique is adopted to modify the Frank-Wolfe method for obtaining path flows in the pricing cordon. Equity issue under distance-based pricing scheme is considered as the objective function. One modified Gini coefficient is adopted to represent the equity impact. The toll design problem is formulated as the bi-level model, which is solved by the genetic algorithm and modified Frank-Wolfe method.


HOW OLD WERE YOU when you first noticed the wonder of science? Do you remember the excitement and pure joy you felt with that first scientific awareness? What were you doing at the time? Was a teacher involved? Take a moment and reflect on the start of your love of science and the path that led to a career. It is time to pay it forward. All members of the American Chemical Society have a unique opportunity to awaken this curiosity in others and improve the public's perception of chemistry by reaching out to your communities. These outreach activities can take many forms and include helping at events organized by your local section, working with Boy and Girl Scouts, doing demos at a library, and visiting your child's class at school. So why do it? The general public is becoming more scientifically illiterate. In this Information Age, people are constantly bombarded with an overwhelming amount ...


type="main"> Many believe that compensation, misaligned from shareholders' value due to managerial entrenchment, caused financial firms to take risks before the financial crisis of 2008. We argue that, even in a classical principal-agent setting without entrenchment and with exogenous firm risk, riskier firms may offer higher total pay as compensation for the extra risk in equity stakes borne by risk-averse managers. Using long lags of stock price risk to capture exogenous firm risk, we confirm our conjecture and show that riskier firms are also more productive and more likely to be held by institutional investors, who are most able to influence compensation.


Abstract Liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma are the late stage of liver fibrosis. How to early use drugs to intervene in liver fibrosis is a prerequisite for the reversal of liver fibrosis. This paper mainly introduces a cell signaling transduction pathway in liver fibrosis and the intervention of natural products in order to provide theoretical basis for the treatment of liver fibrosis. Graphical abstract


Examines the launch of Xigris, a breakthrough new pharmaceutical product for the treatment of sepsis. The newly appointed head of marketing for Xigris is reviewing the launch plan.


Abstract : This thesis addresses the design and analysis of discrete lateral autopilots for application to BTT missiles. The first part reviews the classical design and analysis of the continuous uncoupled yaw and roll channels. Then, applying analog-to-digital conversion, the corresponding discrete autopilots were designed and analyzed in terms of their transient responses. The second part uses modern control design techniques for the single-input discrete lateral autopilots. At first, assuming availability of all states for feedback purposes, a discrete state-feedback autopilot is obtained. Next, since the state vector is not always available to direct measurement, an estimator is introduced to implement control. The state-feedback and estimator designs are analyzed for both lateral channels and found to have satisfactory time responses. Finally, coupling the discrete pitch and roll channel autopilots, a state-feedback and estimator are designed and found to be robust. Keywords: Bank to turn; Autopilot; Yaw; Roll; Pitch motions; Estimator robustness. (Theses)


This paper defines the urban tourizing from the perspective of the impact of the tourism industry on the urban economy and designs a comprehensive index system of the urban tourizing to measure the level of the unban tourizing of the 26 tourism cities.Then it also measures the tourism economy contribution to the 26 cities economy in an econometric method and analyses the coordinate relationship between the different level of the urban tourizing and the urban economy so as to provide the theory reference and the basis for the correct understanding of the influence of the urban tourism development on the urban economy catering.


Effects of electron irradiation in icosahedral Mg 2 6 Zn 6 4 Ho 1 0 and Al 7 0 . 2 Pd 2 1 . 3 Mn 8 . 5 quasicrystals were investigated by simultaneous measurements of the positron lifetime and the two-detector coincident Doppler broadening spectra at ambient temperature. Irradiation-induced vacancies could be detected in the Mg 2 6 Zn 6 4 Ho 1 0 quasicrystal by their agglomeration due to annealing effects at room temperature by positron lifetime measurements and in the Al 7 0 . 2 Pd 2 1 . 3 Mn 8 . 5 quasicrystal with the more sensitive coincident Doppler broadening measurements of the positron-electron annihilation photon line, in addition to the structural vacancies in both systems.


PM10, NOx, and O₃ were measured at six locations, of which each three is horizontally and vertically distributed respectively, in an apartment complex around the heavily traffic road. Those were measured seven times a day with two hours interval starting from 8 o'clock in the morning for 15 days during May 2005~September 2005. PM10 and NOx showed high concentrations in rush hours while low concentrations in midday due to the direct emissions from automobiles in operation. Temporal variations of O₃ showed very much similar trend appeared in normal urban atmospheres. The spatial distributions of PM10, NOx and O₃ showed that almost all of concentrations were higher in a row of Roadside>Surface at 130 m apart from the road>Surface at 230 m apart from the road>3rd floor of apartment building>15th floor of apartment building>27th floor of apartment building. Model equations, which can project spatial concentration distributions, were constructed by combining the horizontal and the vertical linear regression equations derived from six mean values corresponding to six measuring locations. According to inter-comparison of PM10, NOx, and O₃ with the constructed model equations, concentration gradients were higher in a row of Vertical direction of NOx>Vertical direction of PM10>Horizontal direction of NOx>Horizontal direction of PM10>Vertical direction of O₃>Horizontal direction of O₃. Why concentration gradient of particulate PM10 is lower than that of gaseous NOx is in question, and should be studied.


Globally, Africa's food security is the lowest but an in -depth quantitative analysis on its food system is still lacking. To achieve this, food production is used as the indicator for food availability and food price, as the proxy for food access at the continental and regional level respectively. The different dimensions studied focused on the crop production-population (cpp) system and food price correlations/tail dependence. The cpp was found to be stable and the preservation of this stability under a reduced (constant) crop production (population) was verified by the Vasicek model. In contrast, an increase in the population destabilized the system. Given that food insecurity is much more prevalent in East Africa (EA), the extreme quarterly maize prices in Kenya, Ethiopia and Somalia were analyzed using rank correlation measures, copulas, univariate and bivariate generalized extreme value theory. For all years (2006-2019), Kenya-Ethiopia exhibited the highest correlation while Somalia-Kenya, the lowest. Across different periods, the global food crises (global stressor) stimulated a higher correlation between price-pairs than the widespread drought (local stressor) in EA. Tail dependence is present but asymptotic dependence is absent for all pairs.


The need for typical usage data in validating software is discussed. Typical usage data is characterised by an operational profile which arises in a usage environment. Two approaches to obtaining an operational profile are considered: permanent instrumentation and expert witnesses. A detailed experiment to assess the in-use reliability of a program is described. >


For the improvement of absorption performance of absorbing material, the thickness of material should be increased or the material should have non-flat surface. In this study, the acoustic characteristics and acoustic absorption improvement method of double layered polyester absorbing material system was conducted. For this study, the theoretical model was established and this model was compared with the measured data for this system. Also, for the improvement of absorption performance, the installation method of this double layered system was suggested.


This article analyses the feasibility that the locomotives with the JZ - 7 brake drawn the Turkmenistan's vehicles,and introduces the composition and design of the locomotive's air pipelines and brake system about type CKD_(9C),it will be helpful for the brake systems made in China exporting to the Commonwealth of the Independent States.


Geoscience Australia, in collaboration with the Geological Survey of New South Wales and the Geological Survey of Queensland, is investigating the regional geology and mineral systems of the southern Thomson orogen in the Tasman Element of eastern Australia. Much of this region is undercover and poorly understood. In particular, the geological relationship between the Thomson orogen and the neighboring Lachlan orogen to the south is uncertain, but the presence of world-class mineral resources in the Lachlan orogen makes the Thomson orogen an attractive target for exploration.


Existing works considered the level-wise method to find the high average-utility sequential patterns at different levels, which may cause higher computations and the huge memory requirements. To solve the previous problem of high average-utility sequential pattern mining, a project-based algorithm called PMiner is presented here to speed up the mining efficiency compared to the previous work. Also, the developed PMiner concerns not only the average-utility on the sequential data but also the data in the uncertain environment (i.e., Internet of Things). Several experiments are then evaluated to show that the proposed algorithm achieves promising performance compared to the level-wise model.


on and boundary conditions, the temperature is approximated by one of the spatial coordinates on the inclusion boundary surfaces by piecewise constant functions, as a result of which both the differential equation and the boundary conditions are completely linearized. To solve the obtained linear boundary value problem, the Henkel integral transformation method was used, as a result of which an analytical solution was obtained, which determines the introduced linearizing function. As an example, the linear dependence of the coefficient of thermal conductivity of structural materials of the structure on temperature, which is often used in many practical problems, is chosen. As a result, analytical relations in the form of quadratic equations were obtained for determining the temperature distribution in a thermosensitive layer with a foreign half-through inclusion, in the area of which internal heat sources are concentrated For the analysis of heat exchange processes in individual nodes and elements of the given structure, caused by the internal heat load, on the basis of the obtained analytical and numerical solutions of the corresponding boundary value problems, software tools can be developed that make it possible to geometrically display the temperature distribution by spatial coordinates in this structure. As a result, it becomes possible to increase its thermal resistance and protect against overheating, which can cause the destruction of not only individual structural units and elements, but also the entire structure.


The scalar curvature equation for rotation invariant Kahler metrics on $\mathbb{C}^n \backslash \{0\}$ is reduced to a system of ODEs of order 2. By solving the ODEs, we obtain complete lists of rotation invariant zero or positive csck on $\mathbb{C}^n \backslash \{0\}$ in lower dimensions. We also prove that there does not exist negative csck on $\mathbb{C}^n \backslash \{0\}$ for $n=2,3$.


The results of research on muon catalysis of nuclear fusion reactions are presented. A new direction is examined?muon catalysis in plasma. Possible applications of muon catalysis are discussed.


The current research conditions of self-repairing lubricating oil additives are summarized.Soft metal particles,metal compounds and the nanometer lubricating materials added in the lubricating oil can repair the wear parts of the machine with the aid of rubbing.The envisagement that the alloy of some kinds of soft metal particles realized by way of rubbing in the oil can repair the wear is put forward.


Purpose
The goal of the study is to examine the effects of news sentiment and topics dominating in the news field prior to the initial public offering (IPO) on the IPO underpricing.

Design/methodology/approach
The authors' approach has several steps. The first is textual analysis. To detect the dominating topics in the news, the authors use Latent Dirichlet allocation. The authors use bidirectional encoder representations from transformers (BERT) pretrained on financial news corpus to evaluate the tonality of articles. The second is evaluation of feature importance. To this end, a linear regression with robust estimators and Classification and Regression Tree and Random Forest are used. The third is data. The text data consists of 345,731 news articles from Thomson Reuters related to the USA in the date range from 1 January 2011 to 31 May 2018. The data contains all the possible topics from the website, excluding anything related to sports. The sample of 386 initial public offerings completed in the USA from 1 January 2011 to 31 May 2018 was collected from Bloomberg Database.

Findings
The authors found that sentiment of the media regarding the companies going public influences IPO underpricing. Some topics, namely, the climate change and environmental policies and the trade war between the US and China, have influence on IPO underpricing if they appear in the media prior to the IPO day.

Originality/value
The puzzle of IPO underpricing is studied from the point of Narrative Economics theory for the first time. While most of the works cover only some specific news segment, we use Thomson Reuters news aggregator, which uses such sources The New York Post, CNN, Fox, Atlantic, The Washington Post ? Buzzfeed. To evaluate the sentiment of the articles, a state-of-the-art approach BERT is used. The hypothesis that some common narratives or topics in the public discussion may impose influence on such example of biased behaviour like IPO underpricing has also found confirmation.


Abstract This paper argues that, with trade and business exchange, cultural change is introduced to business partners. After analyzing the impact of trade in societies, leading to the transformation of traditional holistic ideologies to individualistic ones, Brazilian society is appraised as a dual culture existing under a constant tension between the demands of social hierarchy and predatory individualism. The paper argues that Brazil's dual culture has been a deterrent to economic remedies that worked in societies that experienced industrialism. Finally, the possibility of cultural changes is assessed and considered as a condition for Brazil's partnership in today's global markets. Este articulo argumenta que el intercambio de negocios y/o comercial introduce adicionalmente cambios culturales a las partes involucradas en las transacciones. Despues de analizar el impacto del comercio en las diferentes sociedades, en particular el cambio que transforma sociedades con ideologia holistica y tradicional a in...


The differential diagnosis of pulmonary nodules, when averaged over the entire nodule volume, specific part of the malignant nodules does not represent a valid enhancement. According to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, not only the contrast enhancement Number of single averaged is determined, indicating the enhancement as a function of the distance to the boundary of the nodule, also highlighted curve for each node determines It is. This may provide an improved differential diagnosis.


With development of the world today in means of mobilization of sources to social Institutions, which correspondence to Islamic Waqf whereas it has Independent legal personality, separate between Administration and title and its ability to collect money and invested it, which in turn facilitates financing and investing of Waqf and considering Waqf is a system can be developed to conform with society needs in every times and place. Taken into consideration developments of life, Waqfs must be activated with Economic to benefit Islamic Nations in the present and future, by making Waqf able to play its positive role in sustainable human development witnessed by Contemporary Islamic Societies to contribute in Achieving Sustainable Development, (165:3)


The transformation of shell eggs into safe liquid, frozen or spray-dried egg white with extended shelf life requires many technological operations that result in modifications to the egg white's functional properties. During these processes, shear rates underwent by egg white may be responsible for part of the loss of its functional properties. The present study was aimed at measuring the effects of a wide range of shear rates (from 0.1s-1 to 36000s-1 during 10 minutes) on egg white's rheology, foaming properties and protein structure. Results highlighted three ranges of shear rates leading to different behaviour of egg white: very low shear rates (0.1s-1), low to medium shear rates (from 1 to 1000s-1) and high shear rates (over 1000s-1). At very low shear rates, egg white viscosity increased during the first few seconds. This led to a better foam stability, which was put down to protein unfolding. Mediumsheared egg white did not show any significant variation of its rheological properties and foaming capacity, compared to non-sheared egg white. Nevertheless, compared to low-sheared egg white, its viscosity, consistency and thixotropic behaviour decreased as well as protein surface hydrophobicity and foaming capacity whereas foam stability increased. These results were put down to the disruption of ovomucin-lysozyme complex as well as protein aggregation. High-sheared egg white (over 1000s1) tended to a Newtonian behaviour. It showed a strong increase of its foaming capacity and of its protein surface hydrophobicity. A multivariate factorial analysis highlighted correlations between rheological measurements, foaming properties and protein structure.


1. The processor-implemented method comprising! initiating an initiating member of the group having a plurality of members, at least one group control function, which provides a restriction of membership in the group; ! transmission of peer to peer communications group control messages associated with this function group communication from the initiating member of the group with one or more other group members, and! serverless software management group communication between members of the group on the basis of group management messages. ! 2. The method of claim 1, wherein at least one group management function includes the group access list configuration, and the transfer of at least one control message comprises sending the membership data associated with the group access list, one or more other members of the group. ! 3. The method of claim 2, further comprising maintaining a local copy of a list of generic access each member of the group in response to the transmission of the membership data associated with the group access list, so that the local copy of the group access list are substantially the same. ! 4. The method of claim 1, further comprising transmitting a peer for connection of at least one group control messages from the initiating member of the group to a potential group member. ! 5. The method of claim 4, wherein transmitting at least one message group control potential group members comprises sending an invitation to a potential member. ! 6. The method of claim 5, further comprising after receiving invitations to potential group member list update group members in a communication device of the inviting member of the group for incl


Decision-making process in the current dynamics agro industry environment requires a quick response and efficiency process. Demands on efficient operation in agro-industry for the management, financing and quality of design requires a business intelligence system capable of balancing both sides of the high complexity and great uncertainty. This paper proposes a construction that consists of object-oriented analysis and design for data warehouse development in the business intelligence system. Modeling the core business is supported by financing and quality management model to support a modeling approach to computing intelligence and fuzzy system. Evaluation of this system demonstrated the effectiveness of achieving leanness indicators are implemented in the case of Dairy medium-scale agroindustry. This will balance the risk of complexity, agility and efficiency.


Abstract We discuss ridge regression estimators as a class, showing how six recently proposed estimators can thus be viewed, and give reasons for preferring one of these (empirical Bayes maximum likelihood estimator) to the other five. Results are based on analysis rather than simulations and on a frequentist rather than Bayesian viewpoint.


Customer loyalty is the most valuable asset for the company. Several previous studies find that customer loyalty has a positive effect on company's profitability. But, in today marketplace, managing customer loyalty is a daunting task. Marketer must clearly understand the loyalty concept, so they can find out loyalty's antecedent and manage loyalty from that antecedent. The purpose of this research is to investigate perceived service quality, trust, and satisfaction contribution to the loyalty creation. The object of this research is higher education institution, and the subjects are undergraduate students at Widya Mandala Catholic University. Reliability and validity check find that research instrument has achieved reliability, convergent validity, and discriminant validity criteria. The results support all hypotheses with the exception for perceived service quality-loyalty relationship. Perceived service quality does not have significant direct effect on loyalty. Therefore, perceived service quality does not have direct contribution for loyalty building, the contribution is indirect through satisfaction and trust. The results also find a strong support about satisfaction and trust role as a mediator of perceived service quality-loyalty relationships.


It has long been known that, both during construction and under traffic, pavers progressively wedge together and develop interlock. As a consequence, CBP surfaces behave like articulated slabs when distributing traffic loads. Whilst many measurements of the load spreading properties of paver surfaces have been reported there is still only an incomplete understanding of the mechanisms whereby pavers interact and share loads. This paper seeks to explore some of these mechanisms by both theoretical and experimental studies. The paper begins by studying the interactions that can develop between adjacent pavers and between pavers and the bedding and jointing sands. The paper makes use of extensive profilometer data obtained in the field from a variety of CBP currently in service. Laboratory shear box and repeated triaxial load test measurements on a typical sand are then used to predict the forces that can assist load sharing between groups of pavers. It is demonstrated that these forces can be significant. Overall, the paper helps achieve a better understanding of the in-service behaviour of CBP and to understand the roles of factors such as paver shape, joint width and the choice of jointing sand. 1. MECHANISMS OF PAVER INTERLOCK Even block pavements which are judged to be well layed typically exhibit small rotations of the pavers relative to one another. These rotations develop both during construction and under traffic. Such small movements are almost imperceptible to the naked eye but can be measured using profilometers to map the surface of the paving. Measurement shows the rotations are usually less than 10û and are associated with surface displacements typically less than 5 mm. Accordingly, the movements may appear to be of little practical import. However, because concrete pavers are manufactured to much higher and more consistent dimensional tolerances than any other form of segmental paving they tend to be laid so that the joints between the pavers are consistently narrow and relatively uniform in width. For example, in Australia, it is customary to require paving to consistently achieve joint widths within the range 2 to 4 mm and this proves relatively easy to attain in practice provided normal tolerances are maintained during paver manufacture. With such narrow and consistent joints rotation of a paver soon results in it wedging against its neighbours as shown schematically in the cross-section, Figure 1. As shown in this figure, the wedging action caused by rotation of paver B around a horizontal axis leads to the development of horizontal forces within the paving. The wedging action illustrated in Figure 1 explains why it is commonly observed that paver surfaces can push over inadequate edge restraints and make the reinstatement of trenches difficult or impossible unless the surrounding paving is restrained from creeping inwards (Shackel, 1990). More importantly, it also explains why pavers act as a structural surfacing rather than merely providing a wearing course (Shackel, 1979, 198