The basic problem in the operation of automotive brakes is the unpredictable nature of the tribological processes that occur at the contact of the friction pair. The stochastic nature of the tribological contact of the disc brake is affected differently by the complex interaction between the brake disc and the friction material under different conditions because of the influences of the applied pressure, the speed and the brake interface temperature. Owing to the highly dynamic non-linear change in the braking torque induced by the complex situation at the contact of the disc brake, the braking torque could not be modelled, predicted and controlled using classical mathematical methods. This is related, in particular, to the dynamic change in the braking torque in a braking cycle. Dynamic modelling and prediction of the braking torque is very important for further improvement in the performance of the brakes of motor vehicles through more precise control of their performance with respect to the driver demands and the change in the adhesion between the tyre and the road. Recurrent dynamic neural networks were employed in this paper for modelling, prediction and control of the dynamic change in the braking torque during a braking cycle. The dynamic functional relationship between the changes in the applied pressure, the sliding speed, the brake interface temperature and the braking torque of the disc brake was established. The dynamic model developed was used to predict and control the braking torque during a braking cycle under different disc brake operation conditions.


"Whensoever they resorted to us, their first request was commonly this, Gnaah, by which they intreated that we should sing," wrote Sir Francis Drake, describing the interaction between the coastal Miwok Indians and his crew in what is now Point Reyes, California, in 1579.1 Music and noise informed, mediated, negotiated, warned, and pleased during the intercultural encounters through which European empires were built. After the fact, the representation of human sounds helped advance the ideological agendas of imperialism. For Drake, a message of Protestant-English supremacy subtexted his account of the Miwok Indians' alleged enjoyment of his crew's singing (as he claimed, their Native hosts were captivated by hearing English psalms). Denigrating and dismissing non-European musical practices was an equally important strategy for asserting European dominance; Drake described a Miwok ritual oration as "tedious," the singing as "a most miserable and doleful manner of shreeking."2 As Europeans' descriptions and transcriptions of the new aural sensations filtered back to Europe, composers transformed the materials into works that exoticized non-Western peoples.3 This essay assesses the soundscape of imperial encounter from a different direction: less concerned with exotic depictions of Others in musical works, I wish to consider how notated music itself was co-opted as evidence that helped map global trade in the eighteenth century.


This paper describes the design concept and construction of a continuous operating cold flow transonic test turbine facility, which is a unique combination of a 2 MW axial test turbine and a direct coupled brake compressor. To cover the losses additional air is provided through a separate electrically driven compressor station and fed into the turbine inlet casing via special mixer inserts which are also fed by the hot compressed air from the brake compressor. The main test rig dimensions and its capabilities are outlined.A brief description of the design process with step by step advanced technology design methods is presented from the first ideas up to the latest plant expansion for special testing conditions where two industrial transonic turbine stages will be tested. The aerodynamic and structural design of our transonic single turbine stage (TTM-Stage) is described in detail and the results of the respective flow simulations are presented.Copyright © 2000 by ASME


The squirrel monkey (Saimiri collinsi), a Neotropical primate endemic to the Amazon in Brazil, is used as a biological model for reproductive research on the genus Saimiri. Although this animal is known to exhibit reproductive seasonality, nothing is known about the differences in its seminal quality, sperm protein composition, or sperm protein profile between the breeding (dry) and non-breeding (rainy) seasons. Thus, the aims of this study were to evaluate the quality of S. collinsi semen during the dry and rainy seasons and to describe the global sperm proteomics and expression variations in the sperm proteins during the two seasons. Aside from the pH, there was no difference in the seminal quality between the dry and rainy seasons. The study approach based on bottom-up proteomics allowed the identification of 2343 proteins present in the sperm samples throughout these two seasons. Of the 79 proteins that were differentially expressed between the two seasons, 39 proteins that were related to spermatogenesis, sperm motility, capacitation, fecundation, and defense systems against oxidative stress were upregulated in the dry season. Knowledge on the sperm proteins provides crucial information for elucidating the underlying mechanisms associated with sperm functionality. Thus, our results help to advance our understanding of the reproductive physiology of S. collinsi, providing valuable information for the improvement of protocols used in assisted reproduction techniques for the conservation of endangered Saimiri species.


This article is about the mistakes made often in the Kyrgyz language. The main goals of this article are to follow the systematized and integrated rules which are the combined form of the common language, to follow orthographic, orthoepic, stylistic and punctuation rules of the Kyrgyz literary language and to prevent from making a gross violation of the rules of the Kyrgyz literary language. Besides indicating the mistakes made in this language, other aims are to warn that these are to be paid attention and not to be made, prevent from the mess of the Kyrgyz literary language. Finally, on the basis of sociological surveys and linguistic analysis conducted according to the our aim many mistakes made often in the Kyrgyz language and their reasons have been determined


The article discusses the peculiarity of second jobs, the importance of this institution in the system of labor law, as well as a comparative analysis of the norms governing second jobs. The institute of second jobs is not an innovation in the labor law of most countries. Along with the aforementioned workers, the recruitment of qualified specialists for second jobs under certain conditions has become widespread. Employment of this nature provides a unique opportunity for employees to improve their knowledge and skills in a particular area, as well as to have an additional source of income. This type of employment most often realized through combining jobs and second jobs. It is important to note that the regulator of second jobs is labor legislation, not civil law. This is primarily justified by the fact that with second jobs, it is necessary to conclude an employment contract; otherwise, this activity will not differ in any way from moonlighting under civil law contracts. Investigating the institute of second jobs, one should pay attention that it is useful mainly for workers of the above-mentioned spheres, but it also has positive points for employers too. In particular, managers of small businesses, as well as individual entrepreneurs, are in need of qualified and experienced specialists with whom it is financially beneficial to conclude a part-time employment contract. When researching this industry, the author analyzed the labor legislation of the CIS countries regarding the procedure for hiring second job employees, the documents required when applying for a job; payment of wages to them; working hours and rest hours of workers; conditions and procedure for terminating an employment contract with second job employees.


Among Arab countries, it was Algeria that took the most convincing steps toward liberal democracy in the period from 1989 to 1991, when the old one-party system was formally ended, a flowering of civil society occurred, and honest competitive elections were held for the first time. More than ten years later, however, the country appears stalled between its authoritarian past and a democratic future—even while a clearly rising number of its citizens aspire to the latter. No one today would be apt to describe Algeria as a model for political emulation—whether elsewhere in the Arab world or beyond. If current analysts are asked what they take to be most characteristic of Algerian political life, they are more likely to note its persistent violence and deadly factionalism than its periodic elections, multiparty parliament, or remarkably free press. But to understand the enigma of contemporary Algeria, we must see all these elements together. The country's move toward greater political openness in 1989 was prompted by a long-simmering crisis that had come to a boil in October of the previous year. The generation that had come of age after Algeria won its independence from France in 1962, and for whom jobs had become scarce following the oil-price collapse of the mid-1980s, had taken to the streets in revolt. Many others who had endured the dreariness and deprivations of the one-party era had cheered the angry young men on. Taking in the extraordinary breadth and depth of popular support for the protesters, the regime—dominated since independence in 1962 by the National Liberation Front (FLN) and its military and state-security apparatus—eschewed a policy of pure repression, opting instead for extensive political reform. William B. Quandt is Edward R. Stettinius, Jr., Professor of Politics at the University of Virginia. His books include Peace Process: American Diplomacy Toward the Arab-Israeli Conflict Since 1967 (2001) and Between Ballots and Bullets: Algeria's Transition from Authoritarianism (1998).


The article deals with the use of French expressions in the text of F. Dostoevskys Notes from Underground . On the one hand, various semantic nuances of bilingualism and associations with some cultural contexts are revealed. On the other hand, translations and explanations of these expressions given by translators of the novella are analyzed. While lhomme de lа nature et de la vrit is a citation which shows that it is impossible to render French character into Russian culture, aux animaux domestiques carries this idea to the point of absurdity.


The CASRI Psychological Laboratory is part of the scientific and service department of the Physical Education and Sport, which provides service, methodological, advisory, and consultancy services. The laboratory is involved in research tasks aimed at the development and validation of methods selection and training of military personnel for the needs of the Ministry of Defence and the Czech Army of the Czech Republic. It is also involved in educational and methodological activities. In addition to research activities provides support to top athletes from the national sports team and their coaches.


Abstract
Institutions of higher education are increasingly facing a myriad of challenges emanating from a fast changing higher educational landscape. One strategy colleges and universities adopt as they pursue their missions in a progressively competitive global environment is to form strategic partnerships with other colleges and universities locally and globally. This chapter examines a partnership, anchored in faculty exchange, between an American metropolitan community college, and a public university in the Republic of Kenya, East Africa. The issues discussed include the rationale for the formation of a partnership between a two-year institution and a doctoral-granting institution in spite of their differing missions, the partnership formalization process, types of activities undertaken in each country, program outcomes, and program management and challenges. The chapter concludes with some recommendations that would be useful to anyone considering starting a cross-border faculty exchange program, especially at an institution where infrastructure for internationalization activities is limited.


External and internal cell membranes serve to compartmentalize regions in which optimal conditions can be maintained for discrete functions. The membranes also provide routes of transport for materials and information between and within cells. Techniques that have been devised to permit study of the various membrane activities, and the knowledge acquired by these methods, are described.


This paper deals with the operating rules of the Grijalva River hydropower serial system obtained by means of stochastic dynamic programming and its subsequent simulation using historical records and synthetic series. Penalties in spills and deficit were considered in optimum policies. During simulation several restrictions were added to the original problem, particularly to ensure minimum outflow so as to guarantee the ecological river flow, which enables operators to adjust energy at daily demands peak and consider the existing autocorrelation between biweekly volume data.


Abstract A mechanism of formation of short pitch corrugation on sharp curves of subway lines is proposed, according to field observations made in Milano underground. Two levels of modellization are adopted in order to verify the capability of the proposed mechanism of reproducing the main features of corrugation, on the different kinds of tracks examined.


Using two-year pot apple trees of Royal Gala with their roots partitioned, An experiment consisting of five treatments of root irrigation, irrigating the whole root system, three fourths of the root system, two fourths of the root system, and one fourth of the root system and no irrigating of the root system, were conducted to study the effects of partitioned root irrigation on water potential, stomata resistance and shoot and leaf growth. The results showed that where three fourths, two fourths and one fourth of the root system were irrigated and if the leaf water potential insignificantly varied, and the stomatal resistance increased and the growth inhibition of young shoots took place. In addition, the bigger the non-irrigation size became, the stronger the inhibition became.


The reasons regarding problems resulting in the production are analysed. The coordinate systems,camera parameters and flight directions in inner orientation of full digital photogrammetric system are discussed.


Objective:To investigate the effect of hydrogen HTK on cardiomyocyte apoptosis during hypothermic preservation of heart.Methods:Thirty-two SD rats were randomly divided into four groups(n=8 for each group):Control group(the hearts were protected with HTK solution),H1 group(Hydrogen concentration of about 0.8mM of the HTK solution),H2 group(Hydrogen concentration of about 0.4mM of the HTK solution),H3 group(Hydrogen concentration of about 0.2mM of the HTK solution).The heart were harvested and mounted on the Langendorff apparatus to estimate baseline hemodynamic values.The hearts in every group underwent hypothermic(4C°) storage for 6 hours in the corresponding cardiac preservation solution.Apoptosis was manifested by TUNEL methods.Spectrophotometric method was used to detect the activity of caspase-3,and the expression levels of Bcl-2 and Bax was analyzed by real-time fluorescent quantitative FQ-PCR method.Results:In situ terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase labeling(TUNEL):The radio of positive cells in H1,H2,H3group was significantly lower compared with control group(P0.01or P0.05).The capase-3 activity in control group was significantly higher than that in H1 group,H2 group,H3 group(P0.01),and capase-3 activity in H3 group was higher than that in H1 group(P0.05).The expression of Bcl-2 mRNA was significantly higher in H1,H2,H3 group than that in control group(P0.01or P0.05).The expression of Bax mRNA in control group was significantly higher than that in H1,H2,H3 group.(P0.01or P0.05).Conclusions:Hydrogen could decrease myocardial apoptosis.


This study set out to map the learning path taken by a group of learners popularly known as ‗NEET's (Not in Education, Employment or Training) on the first year of a Level One course. It charted their experiences through their own eyes and recorded their own perceptions and aspirations throughout their progress on the programme. Three sets of learners, numbering 36, were selected from the East London area in the UK at three different post-16 centres: a mainstream Further Education College, a private training provider and a ‗virtual' Pupil Referral Unit (PRU). The programme which they undertook was the then relatively new vocational Diploma in Construction and the Built Environment which had been launched in the UK as part of a new raft of post - 14 vocational qualifications partially been designed to meet the learning needs of disengaged learners. Nearly all of the learners succeeded in passing the first year of the programme. The study highlighted the significance of individualised pedagogy and the right vocational curriculum offer for these types of learners. Although the Diploma no longer exists, the study showed how the Diploma's approaches to applied and theoretical vocational learning offered distinct opportunities for learning to less motivated learners. It suggested that a focus on practical and generic learning in a real world context could provide opportunities for more innovative and holistic approaches to teaching and learning


In this Letter we report a method for observing Marangoni convection driven fluid flow, in various soap bubble systems, using a UV−visible spectrophotometer. We also report time-dependent simultaneous measurement of the thickness of the fluid layer and thickness of the bubble film. The measurement is based on earlier reports1,2 of time-dependent monitoring of film thickness in a soap bubble by observing the interference maxima and minima occurring in the UV−visible region of wavelength. In the present case the interference maxima and minima due to the upward fluid flow appeared superimposed on those due to film thickness. Our observations suggest that the fluid layer thickness remains nearly constant for both vertical and horizontal bubbles even though the film thickness changes with time. The observed values of the fluid layer thickness are about 6.94 ± 0.15 μm for the vertical bubble and about 4.75 ± 0.09 μm for the horizontal bubble. Also, the intensity of the interference peaks due to Marangoni convec...


In this paper we note the numerical methods for solving fractional differential equations, defined in the derivative of the Caputo-Fabrizio fractional operator and Laplace transform of fractional derivatives for integer order, solving differential equation problems using the Laplace transform method, and reducing to Volterra's integral equation, Laplace transform of the Mittage–Leffler function, this problem is not easy to solve analytically because an analytical solution is sometimes not available, even if an analytical solution is available, but it is complected, time-consuming and expensive, so we need to develop a numerical method to address the relevant problem, Analyze a precise result such as the integral or exact expression of a solution to obtain a qualitative answer that shows us what is happening with each variable while numerical methods are more adaptable in the approximate result to obtain quantitative results by iteratively creating an approximate solution sequence for mathematical problems. The method will solve a non-homogeneous linear differential equation directly, following basic steps, without having to solve the integral equation and solutions separately and non-linear differential equations with the rational factor by developing analytical or numerical techniques to find approximate solutions. Finally, we studied some applications, especially for nonlinear differential equations with the rational operator.


Undoubtedly, economic analyses are important to understand a tax system, however in a democratic
system, the taxpayer's perception, evaluation and compliance with the tax laws are of equal
importance. This study attempt to explore the taxpayers' acceptability towards self assessment system
and also to investigate an overall view of taxpayers' perception on the present tax system. A survey
was undertaken in Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, involved 195 individual salaried taxpayers. Result of the
study revealed that the Malaysian taxpayers are satisfied with the present tax system. They see it as a
simple and easy system. However the study also revealed that the taxpayers welcome the changing of
the present system to the self assessment system. They perceived that they are ready for it. Despite
of the taxpayers readiness toward self assessment system, most of the ta xpayers did not know their
responsibility under the new system, moreover they also unable to compute their own tax. However
most of them are interested in learning more about the Malaysian Income Tax System if they have the
opportunity to do so. The taxpayers surveyed had a poor understanding of the tax laws. So that,
recommendations were made to MIRB in order to increase the taxpayers knowledge and
understanding of their obligation and rights as a taxpayer. The effective ways of communications and
promotion of self assessment system were also suggested.


Acute pancreatitis is a rare complication of pregnancy which usually occurs in the third trimester of pregnancy, 68% of cases due to lithiasis. The incidence of acute pancreatitis (AP) in pregnancy is approximately 0.03 to 0.09%.
Objective: To describe a clinical case of acute pancreatitis in pregnancy.
Material and methods: retrospective descriptive study, presentation of a clinical case.
Results: We describe the case of a 31-year-old woman, 35 weeks of gestation, who presents abdominal pain in the epigastrium accompanied by nausea that repeatedly arrives at vomiting, leukocytosis with deviation to the left, simple CT image studies and Contrast of abdomen concludes acute type D pancreatitis due to areas of necrosis of more than 50% of the surface of the pancreas with high tomographic severity index, Balthazar criterion 9/10, which establishes the diagnosis and decides to admit it hospital to complement exams and perform proper management of the patient and interruption of pregnancy due to fetal compromise.
Conclusions: The differential diagnosis should be established with acute cholecystitis, acute appendicitis, mesenteric infarction, complicated ectopic pregnancy, hyperemesis gravidarum, preeclampsia and acute fatty liver, among other pathologies. The diagnosis can be confirmed with the serum measurement of amylase or lipase, which will be elevated. The treatment is similar to that of non-pregnant patients and fundamentally of support. In addition, a study of the fetal condition must be performed through ultrasound and fetal monitoring.


The paper discusses the importance of theoretical articulations between subjectivity and labor, prioritizing the analysis of contemporaneity and its challenges, contradictions and possibilities. It presents associative and solidary work as one emancipatory possibility, organized in a self-management way


The estimation of evapotranspiration (ET) and subsequently plant water requirements needs to consider the heterogeneity of plants, soils, water, and climate characteristics. Methods of estimating water consumptionuse empirical equations, which express the correlation between the total water consumptions and climatic factors. Where, the amount of evaporation from water surface is a function of temperature, humidity, wind and other ambient conditions. The results concluded that, the correlation coefficients for the perennial grasses, cabbage, corn, and potatoes were 0,926 ± 0,119; 0,927 ± 0,118; 0,907 ± 0,133; 0,928 ± 0,118 respectively, indicating high correlation between these attributes.


To promote entrepreneurship among students, academic institutions should focus on developing a positive entrepreneurial personal attitude (EPA), since it is a strong antecedent of entrepreneurial i...


Trellis coding is investigated for a class of N -user multiple-access channels. It is shown that N -user trellis coding, in conjunction with Viterbi or sequential decoding, permits the multiple-access function to be combined with forward error correction. The distance and rate properties are analyzed for linear (convolutional) N -user trellis codes, and the use of nonlinear N -user trellis coding is discussed. A procedure is given for constructing N -user convolutional-code N -tuples with large free distance. Finally the error performance is analyzed, and coding gains of several decibels over uncoded time sharing are verified by simulation results.


An Instruments and Control Systems overview from an energy conservation and pollution control standpoint covers design and operating principles of on-line oxygen analyzers, chromatographs, and calorimeters for combustion control; air and water quality analyzers; special-purpose analyzers for hydrocarbon processing; the increasing use of microprocessor-based analyzers because of their accuracy and reliability; applications of various analyzers, e.g., nondispersive IR analyzers to monitor carbon monoxide, total hydrocarbons, automobile exhaust, and sulfur dioxide; and a list of available on-line analyzers/monitors and their manufacturers.


The infection caused by fungi associated with high mortality and morbidity rates. The frequency of pulmonary fungal infection is increasing over the past decades with the development of immuno-suppressed therapy, solid organ transplantation, steroid application and HIV-infection. Fungi causes the pulmonary infection include Candida, Cryptococcus, Aspergillus and others relatively uncommon fungus. Although the treatment is difficult, but the results are encouraging. Hence, this is a need of today to know these diseases well so that we are able to manage them scientifically.


We obtain an embedding of the one-parameter family of exceptional simple Lie superalgebras D(2,1;α) into the Lie superalgebra of pseudodifferential symbols on the supercircle S1∣2. Correspondingly, there is an embedding of D(2,1;α) into a nontrivial central extension of the derived contact superconformal algebra K′(4) realized in terms of 4×4 matrices over a Weyl algebra.


Let $\mathcal{E}$ be a Banach space contained in a Hilbert space $\mathcal{L}$. Assume that the inclusion is continuous with dense range. Following the terminology of Gohberg and Zambicki\vi, we say that a bounded operator on $\mathcal{E}$ is a proper operator if it admits an adjoint with respect to the inner product of $\mathcal{L}$. By a proper subspace $\mathcal{S}$ we mean a closed subspace of $\mathcal{E}$ which is the range of a proper projection. If there exists a proper projection which is also self-adjoint with respect to the inner product of $\mathcal{L}$, then $\mathcal{S}$ belongs to a well-known class of subspaces called compatible subspaces. We find equivalent conditions to describe proper subspaces. Then we prove a necessary and sufficient condition to ensure that a proper subspace is compatible. Each proper subspace $\mathcal{S}$ has a supplement $\mathcal{T}$ which is also a proper subspace. We give a characterization of the compatibility of both subspaces $\mathcal{S}$ and $\mathcal{T}$. Several examples are provided that illustrate different situations between proper and compatible subspaces.


Preliminary results on aroma profiles (GC-MS) related to storage conditions (temperature, time and packaging atmosphere) are presented. The vegetables used in the experiments were rutabaga, carrot and turnip, which were peeled and cut before packaging, and stored at two different temperatures. O 2 and CO 2 concentrations in the packaging atmosphere were measured during the storage period to calculate the respiration rate of the produce. Cubed carrot showed a higher respiration rate than cubed turnip and rutabaga. Samples for analysis of volatiles were taken after 0 and 7 or 10 days. This type of analysis could be used as a complement to sensory analysis.


Background: Folk medicine refers to traditional healing practices anchored in cultural beliefs of body physiology and health preservation. Reflective of indigenous heritage, it fosters a better understanding of health and disease, healthcare systems, and biocultural adaptation. In the Philippines, Quiapo is a well-known site for folk medicine services, cultural diversity, religious practices, and economic activities. Methods: This study utilized a phenomenological approach to comprehend the lived experiences of health-seeking individuals and the meaning behind their acquisition of folk medicine products. Using convenience sampling, seven participants acquiring folk medicine products in Quiapo on the day of data collection were approached and interviewed on separate instances. The collected data subsequently underwent thematic analysis. Results: Analysis revealed three emergent themes: health-seeking behavior, sources of knowledge, and folk medicine utilization. Health-seeking behavior was linked with the participants' purpose of going to Quiapo, reasons for utilizing folk medicine, experiences in using folk medicine, and beliefs associated with the product bought. Sources of knowledge tackled the participants' sources of information about Quiapo and its products. Folk medicine utilization relates to the type of product bought, its perceived medicinal use, and its history of usage. Conclusion: Folk medicine is perceived to be effective in alleviating health concerns. The acquisition of such products is attributed to satisfaction from prior experience, distrust in the current healthcare system, family tradition, and intention to supplement existing medical treatment. This study provides health professionals a better understanding of patients who patronize folk medicine, subsequently aiding them in providing a holistic approach to treatment.


The application and development of the thermal analysis technology in ductile iron production were reviewed in this paper,which include chemical composition measuring and control,graphite morphology and spheroidization rate forecast,mechanical properties prediction,etc.The existing problems and the developing tendency of the technique were pointed out,which can be reference for further researches.


Rapid urbanisation in China has led to a substantial decrease in agricultural land. To address this unsustainable form of urban development, the Chinese government has implemented the 'Linkage' Policy (Zengjian Guagou), which requires any increase in new urban land by local governments to be compensated for with an equivalent amount of new arable land. This paper examines the institutional changes and the implications for China's land production and development arising from this mechanism of transferring land development rights from the rural to the urban sectors. Using Chengdu as a case study, our research concludes that this institutional mechanism has conferred commodified and tradeable development rights on rural land, leading to the emergence and direct involvement of new players in village land consolidation, resettlement of affected villagers and, indirectly, in the supply of new urban land. Process efficiency has been improved with the local governments, developers and village collectives capitalising on their niches in village improvement projects. The conventional state-led model of land production is enriched with bottom-up market initiatives, and villagers have more choices to realise their land property rights under the dual land market. Land use efficiency has been enhanced by the reallocation of construction land potential. However, infringements of villagers' interests and negative impacts on balanced regional development under this policy were also found.


The present study focused on the school heads' perceptions for the improvement of school teachers' performance keeping in view the highperformance work system (HPWS), a strategy of Human ResourceManagement (HRM) for performance improvement at the secondary level of education. The high-performance work system is a strategy related to the performance of employees. In Pakistan, at first, people think that a High-Performance Work System (HPWS) strategy is specific only to the business organizations. However, now it is proved through different empirical studies that High-Performance Work System (HPWS) is helpful to all types of organizations and especially in educational institutions. The researcher selected six important HPWS strategies selection, training, performance appraisal, compensation, teamwork, and sharing of knowledge to conduct this study. The most important function of HPWS in schools is to enhance teachers' work. The population of the study comprised of all 174 male and female heads of government highschools of Multan district. 36 head teachers were randomly selected out of which 18 were male and 18 were female head teachers as the sample of the study. This study was descriptive based on a survey. To collect the information from head teachers, a questionnaire with 48 statements was developed after validation 24 statements were finally selected. Data was collected and responses were carefully interpreted. A focus group discussion with three open-ended questions was conducted. 12 school heads were conveniently selected and invited for a focus group discussion. Out of twelve 4 Male and 3 female head teachers participated in the discussion. Major findings of the study showed that the schools having greater mean score were performing better than the the study under research. It was concluded that by improving teachers' performance, it is possible to bring about a major positive change in the overall performance of schools. It was recommended that the government should pay more attention to HPWS as part of the school department.


In order to investigate difference of soil physical properties and water conservation quercus aliena var.Acuteserrata of different age,studies were conducted in Baotianman Nature Reserve.The results show: the order of volume weight of different age forest soil from each layer was: mature forestyoung forestmiddle-aged group forest;for maximum moisture capacity,capillary moisture capacity,minimum water-holding capacity,total porosity,non-capillary prosity,the order was: middle-aged forestyoung forestmature forest,for the three age groups of forest,indexes mentioned above all declined with the deepening of soil;the amount and order of water conservation of quercus aliena var.Acuteserrata forest of different age was middle-aged forest,17.82×105 t·hm-2,young forest,15.75×105 t·hm-2,mature forest,14.47×105 t·hm-2.


Laser Initiation System is a type of high value initiating explosive device. The reliability of LIS can't be verified through mass of system firing tests. With the problem in hand, this paper combined with reliability characteristics of both F/S work type devices and repeatedly work type devices in LIS, presented an method of reliability evaluation for LIS. The practical verification shows that the evaluation method is effective and feasible, and it also can be a reference for the research on reliability evaluation of other high value initiation systems in the future.


According to general principles of Economics,currency revaluation does not seem to influence the distribution between nations.The assets,evaluated by Renminbi(Chinese currency)will be revalued in terms of the connection with US dollar.However,it is only a relative rate of exchange,which will not influence the real welfare situation.This paper,by adopting some international prevalent theories,provides a basic analysis of the issue of Chinese currency revaluation,which includes the impact on the domestic income distribution among different industries,regions and consumers,and on the international income distribution among different countries.


In this study, the influence of the aggregate size on the mechanical and transport properties of concrete and concrete-equivalent mortars is investigated. A concrete mixture was proportioned having a water–cement ratio of 0.45 and a cement content of 450 kg/m3 with a maximum aggregate size of 22.4 mm. Then, keeping the total aggregate surface area constant, three mixtures were proportioned with the same water–cement ratio, but the maximum aggregate size decreased to 16, 8, and 4 mm using the concrete-equivalent mortar method. Mechanical properties including compressive strength, splitting tensile strength and transport properties including rapid chloride permeability, water sorptivity, water absorption, and water permeability tests were performed at 7 and 28 d. Test results revealed that decreasing the maximum aggregate size increased the water permeability, rapid chloride permeability, water absorption, and sorptivity values, but decreased the compressive and split tensile strengths of concrete and concr...


Based on the important role the retail played in the national economy. And the characteristics of the retail industry, Constructed the retail Customer Satisfaction Evaluation System. Factors in the analysis of retail goods, service quality, shopping environment, corporate image, etc. on the basis of evaluation index system of the relevant theory of fuzzy mathematics, Retail customer satisfaction is proposed fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method.


Economic development requires both secure property rights and the ability to reallocate property in response to technological and other changes. Significant reallocations have occurred repeatedly throughout U.S. history and have often been involuntary. This essay considers the question of how property rights can be subject to frequent involuntary reallocation and still be considered secure. "Upon the sacredness of property civilization itself depends—the right of the laborer to his hundred dollars in the savings bank, and equally the legal right of the millionaire to his millions."1 Andrew Carnegie


Background: As percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for chronic total occlusion (CTO) gains wider acceptance as a therapeutic option for coronary artery disease, the importance of appropriate patient selection has increased. Although cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) allows segmental and quantitative analyses of myocardial ischemia and scar transmurality, it has limitations, including contraindications, cost, and accessibility. This study established a non-invasive method to evaluate patients undergoing CTO-PCI using two-dimensional speckle-tracking echocardiography (2D-STE). Methods: Overall, we studied 55 patients who underwent successful CTO-PCI. Cardiovascular MRI and 2D-STE were performed before and 8 ± 2 months after CTO-PCI. Segmental findings of strain parameters were compared with those obtained with late gadolinium enhancement and stress-perfusion MRI. Results: With a cutoff of −10.7, pre-procedural circumferential strain (CS) showed reasonable sensitivity (71%) and specificity (73%) for detecting segments with transmural scar. The discriminatory ability of longitudinal strain (LS) for segments with transmural scar significantly improved during follow-up after successful CTO-PCI in the territory of the recanalized artery (area under the curve (AUC) 0.70 vs. 0.80, p < 0.001). LS accuracy was lower than that of CS at baseline (AUC 0.70 vs. 0.79, p = 0.048), and was increased at follow-up (AUC 0.80 vs. 0.82, p = 0.81). Changes in myocardial perfusion reserve from baseline to follow-up were significantly associated with those in LS but not in CS. Conclusions: Use of 2D-STE may allow the non-invasive evaluation of patients undergoing CTO-PCI to assess the indication before the procedure and treatment effects at follow-up.


Digital maps of geology, ground slope, and dormant landslides are combined statistically in a geographic information system (GIS) to identify sites of future landsliding over a broad area. The resulting index number, a continuous variable, predicts a range of susceptibility both within and between existing landslides. Spatial resolution of the index can be as fine as that of the slope map, and areal coverage is limited only by the extent of the input data. Susceptibility is defined for each geologic-map unit as the spatial frequency of the unit occupied by dormant landslides, adjusted locally by ground slope. Susceptibility of terrain between landslides is calculated for each one-degree slope interval as the percentage of grid cells that coincide with the failures. Susceptibility within landslides is the same percentage times the comparative frequency of recent failures within and outside the old landslides. We tested the model in an 872 km2 urban area in California, using 120 geologic units, a 30-m digital elevation model, 6714 dormant landslide deposits, 1192 recent landslides, and ARC/INFO software. The method could generate a similar map for any area where the necessary digital-map data are available.


1 Assistant Lecturer, Department of Agricultural Economics, Yezin Agricultural University, Myanmar 2 Ph.D candidate, Institute of Project and Regional Planning, Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Germany 3 Ph.D candidate, Institute of Agricultural sciences in the Tropics (Hans-Ruthenberg Institute), University of Hohenheim, Germany Tropentag 2017, Bonn "Future Agriculture: Socio-ecological transitionas and bio-cultural shifts"


A dynamic vehicle depends on various subsystems which characterize the vehicle behavior. Each subsystem is described by a mathematical model depending on a significant number of parameters. These parameters are very often uncertain due to a lack of measurements, knowledge due to expert judgment. The uncertainty in the parameters propagates through the model and manifests itself at the model output. In order to understand the vehicle behavior, it is essential to know the parameters responsible for the model output variation. Uncertainty and sensitivity analysis can help to evaluate the impact of this lack of knowledge on the model response. In the literature, sensitivity analysis for dynamical models is not straightforward. In this context, the work presented in this paper investigates a novel technique of global sensitivity analysis for dynamical models. The originality of the method is to use control theory tools for sensitivity analysis purposes.


The ecological footprint concept was formally introduced by William Rees and Mathis Wackernagel in the early 1990s,and then it was used widely as a measure of sustainability. But it is also criticized by scholars,because evidence suggests that it falls short,such as static accounts and so on. In this paper,a method using for ecological footprint time series is presented,combining with development capacity indexes,and then applied to Xinjiang Region for the time period from 1990 to 2006. The results show that the ecological footprint,not only total amount but also per capita,grew rapidly,especially from 2001 to 2006,because of the rapid economic development throughout the analyzed period. However,the per capita of ecological capacity gradually decreased. Now,cultivated land,grassland and energy land play the most important role in ecological capacity. On the other hand,development capacity grew slowly,which attribute to the low index of ecological footprint's diversity. According to the above results,the following suggestions are put forward: introduction of new technology to increase yield;improving energy and land utilization.


ABSTRACT Informal learning environments, such as museums, provide unique opportunities for science learning. They are deliberately designed to impact public understanding of science and shape visitors' attitudes and behaviors. As a developing technology, augmented reality (AR) offers the transformative potential to support museums' educational missions by enhancing visitors' experience, thereby creating effective conditions for learning and personalized interactions with science. We implemented an AR-enhanced exhibit at the La Brea Tar Pits (LBTP) to reduce scientific misconceptions and explore the role of interest and emotions around science and AR technology as it related to learning and knowledge revision. Using a pretest-posttest design, 62 adults completed an AR experience that addressed two scientific misconceptions related to the consistency of tar and frequency of large animal entrapment. We found that participants had significantly fewer misconceptions at posttest than at pretest. Participants also reported higher levels of interest in science content than AR technology and discriminated between emotions they experienced with regard to science content and AR technology. Feelings of curiosity predicted knowledge revision and interest in both science content and AR technology. These findings may be useful for museums and other science communicators seeking to create AR interventions that support learning and conceptual change.


The objective of this thesis is to design and apply the MAF Methodology based on the Deming cycle (PHVA) to achieve the effective transition of the Quality Management System implemented in AMFA VITRUM S.A. according to ISO 9001 version 2008, to version 2015. In addition, as an added value, it is intended that this model can be used as a basis for the QMS transition of other companies of the same category or of others.
This investigation begins with the diagnosis of the organization, where the problem that will be the object of study is identified, later the problem, the objective and the hypothesis are defined; based on this, information necessary to prepare the solution proposal is collected; This solution proposal focuses on the design and application of the MAF Methodology which is based on the Deming cycle: Plan, Do, Verify and Act; This methodology is supported by tools such as Analysis of Deficiencies (GAP Analysis), Likert Scales, Gantt Diagram, SWOT Analysis, PEPSU Diagram, Failure and Effects Modal Analysis (FMEA), Procedures Structure and Formats that have been prepared by the own author.
Finally, it is demonstrated that the application of this proposal will achieve the effective transition of the AMFA VITRUM S.A. to the 2015 version, the Cost - Benefit analysis is also carried out, where positive benefits are observed both qualitatively and quantitatively; In the latter, the result is that for each S /. 1.0 inverted, S /. 23.8, this indicates that the proposal is viable.


In consideration of the influence of target moving, components rotarying and structure deformation on the precision of electromagnetic scattering modeling A an exact moving target's RCS modeling method based on the measured data was proposed in this paper. Firstly, using laser scanning method to build the precise geometric model of the real target; Secondly, extracting the parameters of the target motion characteristics in the actual flight, and taking the parameters to modify the model; Finally developing integration software to calculate the electromagnetic scattering and verify the result with the measured data.


Designed for the glint of the wide band millimeter radar in angular tracking,a new angular algorithm is presented based on high resolution range profile.In this algorithm,the return signal is processed into one dimension profile prior to monopulse angular procedure,then we can get the angle series versus range cell.After smoothing process,we can obtain the position of the center in the target.The simulation test prove that this algorithm can greatly improve the angular accuracy.


Background: Knowing what rural populations are willing to pay for cataract surgery is essential if improvements in cost recovery in eye care service provision programmes are to take place. The authors sought to learn about willingness to pay for cataract surgery in two separate regions of Tanzania. Methods: Patients desiring cataract surgery were interviewed in Kilimanjaro Region and Iringa Region of Tanzania to learn how much they and their families were willing to pay for surgery and how "wealthy" (using ownership of several household objects as a proxy for wealth) the household was. Results: 60 cataract patients in Kilimanjaro and 49 in Iringa were interviewed. "Wealth" was significantly associated with willingness to pay in each region. The average expressed willingness to pay was 2457 Tsh (SD 4534) or approximately $US 2.30, which is far below the actual cost of providing the service. Conclusion: There were significant differences in the expressed willingness to pay between Iringa and Kilimanjaro patients, which may reflect differences in the services provided in the regions. Willingness to pay may increase as the population gains familiarity and trust in the service. It may also be increased by ensuring that pricing is uniform and clearly advertised throughout regions and by educating health workers and counselling patients about the real costs of providing high quality surgery. Offering "free" services to all may result in lower expressed willingness to pay.


Chinese avant-garde literature has long been misunderstood by literary critics as the signs of anti-tradition.A more careful reading of these works will reveal some traces of Chinese traditional culture in them, such as the argument of vicious nature,mysticism,the culture of Wu and Yue dynasties,and the tradition of Lu-xun.These traditionally marginalized cultures in China possess a negative power and play a critical role in criticism and contemplation of the mainstream culture.This is where lies the power of critique of Yu-hua and his avant-garde fictions.


[Objective] To explore the risk factors for asthma in school-age children,and to provide the data for asthma control and prevention.[Methods] Asthma cases aged 4-15 years(n=202)from schools were recruited and matched for year of birth,sex,and living area with randomly selected schoolchildren controls(n=391). Cases and controls were surveyed by questionnaire to ascertain the asthma and various proposed risk factors for asthma. Asthma was defined as ever having been diagnosed as asthma by doctors.[Results] After adjusting the confounder variables,factors which increased the risk of asthma were:mother education 13 years(OR:1.76 ;95%CI:1.15-2.71),low weight birth(OR:1.89 ;95%CI:1.03-3.47),maternal history of asthma(OR:4.27 ;95%CI:1.59-11.42),paternal history of allergy(OR:2.94 ;95%CI:1.79-4.80),maternal history of allergy(OR:2.21;95%CI:1.34-3.64),sharing bedroom with parents or others(OR:1.66;95%CI:1.10-2.51),breeding furry pets while less than 2 years old(OR:2.24 ;95%CI:1.02-4.90),indoor environmental tobacco smoke exposure (1-10/d:1.57 ;95%CI:1.01-2.43 ; ≥ 11/d:2.36 ;95%CI:1.06-2.58),using gas stove cooking more than 45 minutes per day (OR:1.89 ;95%CI:1.22-2.83),visible moulds in rooms(OR:2.59 ;95%CI:1.08-8.06),and having a busy traffic within 50 meters to home(OR:1.70 ;95%CI:1.11-2.62).[Conclusion] Genetic factors are most important to increase asthma risk. Of the environmental factors tested,those having the greatest potential if modified to reduce the risk of asthma are environmental tobacco smoke exposure,furry pet exposure in early life,and indoor visible moulds.


Leptospirosis is a globally re-emerging disease which can result to morbidity and mortality
in both humans and animals. Leptospirosis is not new in Malaysia, yet the information and
knowledge on this disease is still inadequate. This study aimed at genotyping intermediate
and saprophytic Leptospira strains isolated from soil, water and rats in Sarawak by using
BOX-PCR technique and to determine the genetic relatedness among intermediate and
saprophytic Leptospira strains respectively. BOXAIR primer was able to produce BOXPCR
banding profiles with different fingerprint pattern among each of isolates. A
dendrogram was constructed by using Dice coefficient similarity matrix and UPGMA
based on fingerprint pattern obtained from the BOX-PCR profile. The phylogenetic
analysis using PyElph software has characterized 29 intermediate isolates into 9 major
clusters and 5 single isolates with calculated discriminatory index of 0.9434. Meanwhile,
for the 41 saprophytic strains, they were clustered into 10 major clusters with 5 single
isolates at the calculated discriminatory index of 0.932. The result of this study indicates
that BOX-PCR can be used to study the genetic diversity and relatedness among the
Leptospira strains based on the source and the location of isolation.


The elastic modulus of strand wires under uniaxial tension is measured using a digital image correlation method(DIC) in this paper.The surface images of the strand wire surface subjected to various loadings were captured using a CCD camera.DIC is subsequently used to obtain displacement field by correlating the images captured before and after deformation,and then the average tensile strain is obtained by fitting the displacement using a linear plane.The slope of each set of applied stress versus measured strain data is calculated by least-squares linear regression.The elastic moduli obtained from DIC,are compared to that determined from the extensometer,which shows that they are in good accordance with each other.Experimental results clearly show that DIC is suitable for accurate measurement of the elastic modulus of strand wire.


This report lists relevant questions that decision makers should ask of machine-learning practitioners before employing machine learning (ML) or artificial intelligence (AI) solutions in the area of cybersecurity. Like any tool, ML tools should be a good fit for the purpose they are intended to achieve. The questions in this report will improve decision makers' ability to select an appropriate ML tool and make it a good fit to address their cybersecurity topic of interest. In addition, the report outlines the type of information that good answers to the questions should contain. This report covers the following questions:What is your topic of interest?What information will help you address the topic of interest?How do you anticipate that an ML tool will address the topic of interest?How will you protect the ML system against attacks in an adversarial, cybersecurity environment?How will you find and mitigate unintended outputs and effects?Can you evaluate the ML tool adequately, accounting for errors?What alternative tools have you considered? What are the advantages and disadvantages of each one?


How to innovate teaching models so as to improve the quality of teaching has already been one of the hottest topic of a new-round teaching reform in China nowadays. Based on the previous research findings, this thesis, by using the existing platform of campus network, created a FCM (Flipped Classroom) Model for English-major courses from the perspective of MOOC, which was then applied successfully to classroom teaching of English course for English majors of a Chinese university. The results indicated that compared with traditional teaching model, the FCM had a more obviously positive effect on motivating interest and correcting attitude of Chinese students' learning, and was more able to effectively promote English proficiency and learning autonomy of Chinese students.


Background Schistosomiasis mansoni is a debilitating and sometimes fatal disease. Accurate diagnosis plays a key role in patient management and infection control. However, currently available parasitological methods are laborious and lack sensitivity. The selection of target antigen candidates has turned out to be a promising tool for the development of more sensitive diagnostic methods. In our previous investigations, the use of crude antigens led to false-positive results. Recently, focus has been given to highly purified Schistosoma mansoni antigens, especially to circulating antigens. Method Thus, our main goal was to test different types of circulating cathodic antigen glycoprotein (CCA), as "crude antigen," the protein chain of recombinant CCA and two individual peptides. These schistosome proteins/peptides were tested in a new diagnostic method employing immunomagnetic separation based on the improvement of antigen–antibody binding. Principal Findings Use of recombinant CCA as a diagnostic antigen allowed us to develop a diagnostic assay with high sensitivity and specificity with no false-negative results. Interestingly, the "crude antigen" worked as a good marker for control of cure after praziquantel treatment. Conclusions/Significance Our new diagnostic method was superior to enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in diagnosing low endemicity patients.


A F-shaped DRA at 2.6 GHZ for 4G/LTE application is presented in this paper. The F-shaped DRA was mounted on FR4 as a substrate. The simulated and measured impedance bandwidth are 20% (2.43-2.94GHz) and 36% (2.04-2.98GHz), respectively. The mode excited in this design is TEy1δ1 mode. The antenna provides gain of 1.99 dBi at frequency 2.6 GHz. The proposed antenna was analyzing and optimizing using CST Microwave Studio Software. The reasonable agreement between the measured and simulated results is observed.


We report on an HIV-infected, immunocompetent male Caucasian patient with an unusual, mildly pruritic, flesh-colored or red to blue, pinhead-sized papular eruption clinically consistent with pruritic papular eruption of HIV-infection. In several biopsies, features suggestive of pruritic papular eruption of HIV-infection and of lichen nitidus were found. We suggest that inflammatory dermatoses with clear diagnostic features in otherwise healthy individuals may present as pruritic papular eruption in HIV-infection


Arsenic (As)-doped polycrystalline-silicon gate/HfO2, HfO2–Al2O3, or Al2O3–HfO2–Al2O3/p-type Si (100) metal–oxide–semiconductor capacitors were fabricated using an atomic-layer-deposition technique to investigate the degree of As penetration and the electrical properties of various high-k gate dielectric stacks. The HfO2–Al2O3 stack film showed the highest resistance to As diffusion due to the presence of a rather thick amorphous interface layer. A flatband voltage shift of 100 mV, a leakage current density of −1.07×10−9 A/cm2 at −1 V, a hysteresis voltage <60 mV and excellent reliability characteristics were obtained from this capacitor stack due to the lowest As penetration, less generation of the interface state density, and the lowest surface roughness. Thin Al2O3 capping did not improve the As-diffusion barrier properties due to its island-like surface morphology.


This paper presents an instrumentation design and development for a conventional Charpy impact ma-chine. The pendulum impact hammer has been adapted to receive a piezoelectric sensor to capture the hammer impact force against the specimen. A PIC16F877 microcontroller detects the instant impact and then digitalizes the 350 force samples, which are transmitted via UART serial port to a PC, where the samples are stored as an ASCII file. With the aid of graphics software (Origin® or Excel®), this procedure enables detailed analysis and data processing of force versus time of impact, thus allowing to obtain other important parameters on specimen behavior, besides the conventional Charpy machine data, the maximum applied force, energy to maximum force, the type of fracture, etc. The experimental results demonstrate that the developed instrumentation is feasible and aggregates enormous value to a classic Charpy impact machine.


Description from the cover ; complements the text published in the Atlas Historyczny Polski. Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Historii. Seria B, Mapy przeglądowe ; 1 ; contens: the main map: West Prussia at the end of 16th c. ; geomorphological sketch of West Prussia ; cartograms: distribution of land ownership in West Prussia at the end of 16th c. ; the diversity of soils and agricultural land use in West Prussia at the end of 16th c. ; density of rural population in West Prussia at the end of 16th c. ; size of rural and urban in West Prussia at the end of 16th c. ; distribution of tenant farmers in West Prussia at the end of 16th c. ; social structure of rural and urban populations in West Prussia at the end of 16th c. ; state ownership and the social structure of the nobility in West Prussia at the end of 16th c. ;distribution of the major industrial facilities in West Prussia at the end of 16th c. ;


Limping in children is not an uncommon presentation in general practice. Although trauma is a major cause, and the aetiology usually obvious, the presentation of a child with atraumatic limp can cause significant concern in parents and carers. This paper will discuss atraumatic limp, concentrating on diagnoses which are common, serious or both.


Abstract. In the Laser Powder Bed Fusion (LPBF) process for metal components, a CAD file is sliced into layers with a thickness of 20-80 micrometers and the component is built up layer by layer. For this purpose, a metal powder layer is applied in each case and melted locally. This process is repeated until the geometry is completely established. The mechanical properties of the manufactured part are controlled by the cooling rate. It is currently not considered in the design of LPBF components, that the printed part has a varying heat flow into the surrounding powder and into the support plate depending on its slenderness. As a result of the different temperature histories, different microstructures with correspondingly different mechanical properties are formed in the untreated state (as-built). These differences must be considered in the component design. In this work, walls of various thicknesses were produced from 316L stainless-steel alloy using the LPBF process. The walls could be used to create plane-strain-compression-test specimens of various heights and orientations. The tests were performed according to Graf et al. [1] and the flow curve was calculated from the force-displacement curve while taking friction into account. Following that, tensile strength, Young's modulus, yield strength, and yield stress were determined inversely. A clear dependence of the mechanical parameters on the degree of slimness was discovered, which was confirmed by microscopic examinations. To summarize, the plane-strain-compression-test is a quick and reliable method for determining the local variation of mechanical properties.


The elastic behavior and stability of electrically charged amphiphilic membranes is investigated. In the present study, we address the question whether the electrostatic contribution to the curvature elastic moduli of a uniformly charged symmetric membrane leads to a curvature instability. To this end we consider a membrane in which the overall number of molecules is conserved during any deformation. In order to estimate both the molecular equilibrium area and the position of the neutral surface of each monolayer during bending, we include in the expression of the bilayer free energy beside an electrostatic, also a nonelectrostatic contribution. The former is described within the Gouy–Chapman theory of the diffuse double layer. The latter is a sum of a chain, an interfacial, and a nonelectrostatic head group contribution. The chain part is described using a detailed mean‐field conformational free energy which is based on a molecular chain model. For the interfacial and nonelectrostatic head group contribu...


A 77-year-old man was admitted to the hospital because of an mucosal abnormality in the gastric body which was detected by a X-ray film at a medical checkup. Upper gastrointestinal series revealed a wall hardness and irregular gastric folds at the posterior wall of the upper body of the stomach. Gastric endoscopy visualized a shallow depressed lesion with fur and a tuberous irregular elevation in the same area. Under a diagnosis of gastric cancer, upper body 4' type T3, total gastrectomy was performed. Pathological examination showed that the lesion had two components, tubular adenocarcinoma in the mucosal layer and a cluster of atypical cells which had round-shapes and big nuclei and but not any structure, extending from submucosal layer to subserosal layer. Atypical cells were argylophil and also positive on some immunochemical stains. Finally we concluded that these atypical cells were endocrine cell carcinoma. Endocrine cell carcinoma is a rare gastric cancer histologically and has a malignant potential biologically. Our case appeares to be significant for evaluation the histogenesis of endocrine cell carcinoma.


Dear Editor, Information on the use of omalizumab in the COVID-19 pandemic is limited. There are case-level studies showing that this drug is beneficial or harmful in those with COVID-19 infection. Omalizumab has anti-inflammatory effects and anti-IGE properties. Here, three patients who had COVID-19 pneumonia and upper respiratory tract infection while using omalizumab regularly due to chronic spontaneous urticaria are presented. Information on the use of biological drugs used in dermatology in the COVID-19 pandemic is limited and controversial. Omalizumab (OMZ) is approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of moderate to severe allergic asthma and chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) resistant to H1-antihistamine. There are no cases or studies regarding the safety of use of OMZ in the COVID-19 pandemic. Here, we present three cases who received OMZ treatment for CSU and developed pneumonia and upper respiratory tract infection due to COVID-19 during the pandemic period. A 59-year-old female patient presented to the emergency department 3 weeks ago with the complaints of cough and weakness. On computed tomography (CT) scan, there was a ground-glass opacity in both lungs, more prominent in the lower lobes, and it was considered to be compatible with moderate COVID-19 pneumonia. Despite this, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was negative on nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal swab. It was learned that the patient had been using OMZ 300 mg/4 weeks intermittently for 3 years and took the last dose 1 week before the complaints of pneumonia. The patient was hospitalized in accordance with the guidelines in our country, and oral hydroxychloroquine, azithromycin, and parenteral enoxaparin sodium treatment was started. However, there was no improvement in the patient's clinical condition. Thereupon, oral favipiravir treatment was started. After this phase, the patient's C-reactive protein and D-dimer regressed to the normal range after 5 days. After her discharge, she continued her routine omalizumab treatment without any disruption. There was no progression of COVID-19 with the recommencement of OMZ dose. A 54-year-old male patient had been regularly receiving OMZ treatment with a diagnosis of CSU for approximately 3 years. Twenty days after taking the last dose, he appeared in the emergency room with the complaints of cough, dyspnea, and weakness. CT scan revealed bilateral peripheral groundglass opacity in the lungs. The patient was diagnosed with mild COVID-19 pneumonia. However, the PCR test was positive. Since the patient's clinical condition was mild, it was decided that he continue his treatment at home. The patient recovered in 12 days. The patient resumed OMZ treatment approximately 45 days after the last OMZ dose. A 32-year-old female patient had been receiving OMZ treatment with the diagnosis of CSU for 8 months. Approximately 9 days after the last dose of OMZ, she appeared in the emergency room with back pain and weakness. No pathological finding was detected on the CT scan. PCR test was positive. The patient was diagnosed with upper respiratory tract infection due to COVID-19. Hydroxychloroquine treatment was initiated, and outpatient treatment was given to the patient. The patient, who remained in isolation at home for 14 days, continued with OMZ treatment without any interruption in the 28-day interval.


Objective To analyze clinical value of heart rate turbulence (HRT) in acute cerebral infarction (ACI ). Methods HRT onset (TO) and HRT slope(TS) were calculated based on Holter recorded in 75 survivors of ACI , 23 cases died of ACI and 30 normal subjects. Results (1) TO was higher and TS was lower in ACI patients than in normal subjects (TO -3.2±6.3% vs. -6.1±3.7% ,P 0.05,TS 6.1±6.0 ms vs. 13.1±5.6ms / RRinterval, P0.01). (2) TO was higher and TS was lower in cases died of ACI than in survivors of ACI (TO -2.2±4.3% vs. -5.2±5.7%, P 0.05,TS 5.4±4.0 ms vs. 7.0±2.1ms / RRinterval, P0.05). Conclusion HRT is relative to death and prognosis of patients with ACI.


The absorption spectra of the AB- and AA-stacked nanographite ribbons have several prominent peaks. They strongly depend on the edge structure, the ribbon width, the stacking sequence, and the polarization direction. The armchair ribbons quite differ from the zigzag ribbons. The frequency and the number of the absorption peaks are affected by the ribbon width. The AB-stacked systems have lower threshold absorption frequency, more absorption peaks, and weaker spectral intensity, as compared with the AA-stacked systems. The absorption spectra are highly anisotropic. The optical excitations of the parallel polarization (E∥ ∥ z) are absent in the AA-stacked systems. Comparison with graphite is discussed.


RF amplifiers for accelerators are typically custom designs, built in low quantity, and therefore expensive. To reduce their cost, Diversified Technologies, Inc. (DTI) has developed a modular amplifier design, which can produce outputs at different frequencies by changing the output tube and drive amplifier, while retaining the common power supplies, communication, and controls. DTI has built this amplifier to support both CW and pulsed operation, capable of 20 kW CW at 704 MHz with an amplitude variation of less than 0.01%, or in pulsed mode at 150 kW, 1.5 ms, and 1.3 GHz. This paper discusses the design of the amplifier, which will be tested in the next few weeks.


The permeability barrier imposed by cellular membranes limits the access of exogenous compounds to the interior of cells. Researchers and patients alike would bene fi t from ef fi cient methods for intracellular delivery of a wide range of membrane-impermeant molecules, including biochemically active small molecules, imaging agents, peptides, peptide nucleic acids, proteins, RNA, DNA, and nanoparticles. There has been a sustained effort to exploit cell penetrating peptides (CPPs) for the delivery of such useful cargoes in vitro and in vivo because of their biocompatibility, ease of synthesis, and controllable physical chemistry. Here, we discuss the many mechanisms by which CPPs can function, and describe a taxonomy of mechanisms that could be help organize future efforts in the fi eld. In this review, we de fi ne ' cell penetrating peptides ' (CPPs) (see Glossary) as the (cid:1) 1000 known peptides with the ability to enter cells or deliver cargo. They function by a diverse and mutable assortment of membrane activities. A single CPP is not, by virtue of its sequence, structure or amphipathicity, necessarily internalized via a singular mechanism. Instead, we argue that a peptide is capable of gaining access to the cytosolic compartment of a cell via multiple mechanisms and that varying the physical – chemical properties of a peptide can in fl uence the relative contribution of these various mechanisms to the uptake of a peptide. Here we present the idea of a landscape of internalization mechanisms. In any particular situation, internalization will depend on fi xed factors that include peptide sequence and physical chemistry but also on variable factors such as local peptide concentration, local lipid composition, the response of the cell to the peptide, and much more. Furthermore, the entry mechanism(s) of any CPP will depend very strongly on the characteristics of the cargo, such that each peptide – cargo combination should be considered a unique molecule. We illustrate a possible landscape of CPP mechanisms in


Plots were planted May 27, 1978, so that expected pest moth flights would coincide with pea bloom. A randomized complete block design of four blocks contained 10 treatments each 10 ft x 50 ft. The treatments were applied after full bloom on Jul 10, with a modified Hagie Hiboy with 8002 Tee Jet operated at 50 psi for a finished spray of 20 gpa. Eight days after this treatment an evaluation of aphids, cutworms, and loopers was made in five separate 1-sq ft samples per replicate. Each sample was assessed for the total number of aphids and larvae; the larvae were classified as early instar (1/8 - 1/2"), mid-instar (1/2 - 3/4"), or late instar larvae (3/4"+).


Black lung, brown lung, silicosis, radiation poisoningÐ these are the kinds of diseases that spring to mind when we think of the history of occupational health in 20th-century America. Compared to the chemical and mechanical hazards of industrial work that led to loss of limb and life, the carpeted, air-conditioned, clean interiors of late-capitalist of® ce work appear benign refuges from occupational disease and explicit exploitation, offering working women a sanctuary from industrial work. The successful feminization of the lowest ranks of of® ce work was dependent on the genteel etiquette, safety, and middle-class dress codes that at ® rst operated to cover over class strati® cations, and eventually became expectations associated with the job. Conditions


Field trials were designed to identify the most sui table time for the last cut and to ascertain whether it is possible to alleviate the c onsequences of improper timing of the cut by using the young and old sward under mixed management for forage and seed. Due to the autumn cut of the aftermath, a significant reductio n in herbage dry matter yield and metabolizable energy was obtained in the first and second cuts in the following year. When autumn aftermath had been taken annually for four y ears, the productivity of the sward significantly declined when the cuts had been taken during the August 15 - October 15 period. The most unsuitable cutting time, when the greatest yield reduction occurred and the adverse effect of autumn aftermath cutting persisted longes t, was found to be mid August - beginning of September. When the sward had been cut during the period middle August - beginning of September, a sharp, significant reduction occurred in the content of total and protein nitrogen, water-soluble carbohydrates and starch in roots. Th e greatest reduction in root mass in the 20 cm soil layer occurred in galega sward when it had been used for forage for four years. In the case of mixed management for forage and seed galega root mass was higher. When old sward of galega was used under mixed management for forage and seed, the negative effects of autumn aftermath cutting were alleviated or elimina ted more rapidly.


This paper introduces a novel, robust and efficient approach for metric velocity estimation using multiple cameras with no overlapping fields of view. By incorporating rotation priors, the metric velocity estimation problem reduces to solving a set of linear equations. To determine the metric velocity, a total of three temporal point correspondences provided by at least two cameras are required. This enables the use of a 3-point RANSAC algorithm for robust outlier rejection. To enable the use of the algorithm on platforms with different computational budgets, we present three approaches with increasing computational requirements to solve for the metric velocity. The scheme can detect if the motion of the camera system is close to degeneracy and degrades gracefully. The proposed scheme is evaluated using synthetic image sequences.


According to the current situation of Energy-saving and emission reduction in Ningxia and Inner Mongolian Section of Yellow River,the existent problems and countermeasures are put forward.


Here we present an adapted version of the Modified Gaussian Model (MGM), a tool developed to detect and characterize both simple and complex mineralogies in magmatic rocks, and we review the results we obtained over the last years on four different planetary bodies. We first describe the working principle of the adapted MGM technique, with the differences compared to the original version, and the validation process using various laboratory and natural spectra. We then describe the results obtained on the Oman ophiolite (Earth), taken as a planetary spectral analog for magmatic terrains. We finally present spectroscopy-based mineralogical maps and some petrologic implications for key regions of Mars, the Moon and asteroid (4) Vesta.


We develop a portfolio trading strategy that aims to achieve optimal performance against arrival prices by minimizing market impact and risk. We first lay the groundwork by formulating a single-security trading strategy and then generalize the framework to the portfolio trading context. Correlations between securities are incorporated via a multi-factor risk model, and the resulting optimization problem is solved numerically by quadratic programming. Comparing the efficient frontier and the early-end VWAP (volume-weighted average price) strategies leads to an intuitive method to determine the risk aversion parameter. We also present an efficient way to identify securities for which block trading opportunities can be pursued without compromising the risk structure of the portfolio.


Assessment of effective skin doses and radiation risk for patients resulted from conventional x-ray examinations should be made as a means for minimizing the probability of stochastic radiation effect. Entrance skin dose was determined indirectly via generating X-ray dose output factors, back scatter factor, focus to skin distance, mAs and applied tube kV in mathematical model. The effective skin dose is calculated based on tissue weighting factor for each projection. The mean and standard deviation for effective skin doses for chest PA, abdomen, pelvic AP were 13.8 ± 0.4, 25 ± 14, 54.1± 3.3 μSv respectively. The effective skin dose calculation was giving minimum stochastic radiation effect rather than effective dose.


A model for predicting bathymetric and grain size changes considering equilibrium slopes corresponding to the composition of grain size and each grain size was incorporated with the BG model proposed by Serizawa et al. (2006). The model was applied to the beach changes on Kemigawa Beach. The cross-shore sorting of sand, in which the grain size gradually decreases with increasing depth, and the formation of a gradually changing longitudinal slope were reproduced well. The model was further applied to predict sand accumulation in the navigation channel and their impact to the nearby coast.


The high toxicity strain of Bacillus thuringiensis LX-7 isolated from soil was studied in this paper. The optimum formula of the culture medium which containing 30 g/L corn starch, 30 g/L nitrogen source A,15 g/L nitrogen source D and 15 g/L nitrogen source E was obtained from unifactor experiments and orthogonal experiments. Under the optimized conditions of fermentation and post-treatment, the titer of powder and content of insecticidal crystal protein produced in 40 m3 fermentor had reached 80 000IU/mg and 13.2% respectively.


Objective:To investigate the efficacy of Chinese medicine Erdongqiongyutang plus garlic- partition moxibustion for treating pulmonary tuberculosis and study the effect on immune function.Methods: 100 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis were randomly divided into two groups,50 patients in each group.The treatment group was treated with additional Chinese medicine Erdongqiongyutang and garlic-partition moxibustion.The control group were treated with routine anti-tuberculosis drugs (3HRZES (V)/6HRE).Results:After 1,3 months treatment,the sputum negative conversion rates and the focal absorbance's were higher(P0.05)compared with the controls.In the treated group,IL-2 and IFN-γwere increased.The difference was significant.Conclusion:Chinese medicine Erdongqiongyutang plus garlic-partition moxibustion has a marked effect on pulmonary tuberculosis.And it could improve the cell immune function by increasing the IL-2 and IFN-γlevels.


The paper explores the intensification treatment and construction scheme of the tunnel through soft layer,introduces that the excavation method and the assistant construction scheme should be adopted in tunnel through soft layer,and illustrates all kinds of excavation methods and the construction points of advanced support scheme in various situations,so as to direct to select the reasonable scheme for the tunnel projects and ensure the construction safety.


Baroreflex Response and AF Dominant Frequency. Introduction: Parasympathetic stimulation is known to promote atrial fibrillation (AF) through shortening of atrial refractory periods. We hypothesized that baroreflex‐mediated parasympathetic stimulation via phenylephrine (PE) infusion would increase AF rate as measured by dominant frequency (DF).


In this paper, we introduce a new approach to modeling dependence between international financial returns over time, combining time-varying copulas and the Markov switching model. We apply these copula models and also those proposed by Patton (2006), Jondeau and Rockinger (2006) and Silva Filho, Ziegelmann, and Dueker (2012) to the return data of the FTSE-100, CAC-40 and DAX indexes. We are particularly interested in comparing these methodologies in terms of the resulting dynamics of dependence and the models' abilities to forecast possible capital losses. Because risks related to extreme events are important for risk management, we compare and select the models based on VaR forecasts. Interestingly, all the models identify a long period of high dependence between the returns beginning in 2007, when the subprime crisis was evolving. Surprisingly, the elliptical copulas perform best in forecasting the extreme quantiles of the portfolios returns.


The physician-patient relationship is a kind of specific interpersonal relationship between doctors and patients in medical practice.Recently,rise in medical disputes exposed that many doctors and patients are both lack of deep understanding about their rights and obligations in the aspects of legal practice,medical care and self-protection.Therefore,in the process of promoting and popularizing the new rural cooperation,it is also necessary to strengthen the propaganda and education,so both doctors and patients can clarify their moral obligations to conduct civilized practice and get civilized treatment.


The present study has been undertaken to investigate the biochemical alterations in teleost fish Mystus vittatus after chronic exposure to sublethal concentrations of paper mill effluent for 30 days. a quantitative estimation of DNA and RNA material was made in liver and gonadal tissues throughout the reproductive cycle of the fish. The biochemical variables studied in the control fish showed the maximum values during the spawning phase as compared to other phases of the reproductive cycle of the fish. The changes produced in the nucleic acid content on account of chronic exposure of the fishes for 30 days to 0.4 (40%) and 0.8(80%) of 96 h LC50 of WRBBILE stress were found to be close dependent, being relatively much higher in case of 0.8 WRPBILE when compared to 0.4 WRPBILE. This phenomenon was observed during the three phases of the annual reproductive cycle of the fish. The DNA as well as RNA contents in liver, testis and ovary tissues showed a reduction in case of both the sublethal concentration of effluent in all the three phases of the reproductive cycle. The changes produced by WRPBILE stress were found to statistically very significant in all the phases except in the case of RNA content of testis during the post spawning phase of the fishes exposed to 0.4 WRPBILE. The present study concludes stress induced depletion might be due to degradation of cells, nuclear material and metabolic dysfunction in response to WRPBILE toxicity in the fish.


Objective: To observe and evaluate the clinical effects of monotherapy and combined therapy for treatment of vulvovaginal candidiasis(VVC). Methods: Two hundred and ten patients with VVC were randomly divided into two groups according to Soble classification,the patients in group A were treated with putting miconazole nitrate soft capsule(1 200 mg) into vagina for two courses of treatment(monotherapy group),while the patients in group B were treated with putting miconazole nitrate soft capsule(1 200 mg) combined with itraconazole capsule into vagina for two courses of treatment(combined therapy group);the curative effects at 7-14 days and 30 days after treatment were evaluated. Results: Among 210 patients,177 patients came back for return visit,the clinical effective rates in group A and group B were 87.7% and 94.8%,respectively,there was statistically significant difference between the two groups(P0.05);the negative conversion rates of fungal examination in group A and group B were 95.1% and 98.9%,respectively;the medication compliances in group A and group B were 77.9% and 90.6%,respectively,there was statistically significant difference between the two groups(P0.05);the readmission rates at 30 days after treatment in group A and group B were 16.9% and 7.7%,respectively,there was statistically significant difference between the two groups. Conclusion: Both monotherapy and combined therapy can cure VVC effectively;the clinical effective rate and compliance of combined therapy are superior to those of monotherapy;the recurrence rate of combined oral administration is lower than that of simple vaginal application of drugs.


Biochemical composition of epidermal secretions and poisonous spine extracts of two freshwater catfishes, Heteropneustes fossilis and Clarias batrachus were estimated. Protein patterns of the two tissue extracts were compared using SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The protein content of epidermal secretions is higher than those of poisonous spine; In H. fossilis the difference is about 1.8 folds, but in C. batrachus, it is about 8 folds. Lipids of epidermal secretions in H. fossilis are about 2.8 folds higher than those of the poisonous spine. Trichloroacetic acid (TCA) soluble peptides, ninhydrin positive substances show significant variation between the two tissues of C. batrachus but not in H. fossilis. The electrophoretic patterns exhibit more number of protein bands in the extracts of poisonous spine than those of epidermal secretions.


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Seven hundred fifty artificially reared lambs that had been weaned from milk replacer at 3 wk of age were randomly assigned, at weaning, to 12 ration sequences: 20% vs 17% dietary crude protein from weaning to 56 days of age, 17% dietary protein from 57 to 98 days of age and 17 vs 14% dietary protein from 99 to 140 days of age and each of the resulting four dietary protein concentration regimens with the protein being provided as natural protein throughout, with 30% of the protein being provided as urea throughout or with 30% of the protein being provided as urea from 57 to 140 days of age. The diets contained 72% corn-soybean meal, or corn-soybean-meal-urea and 20% ground hay, providing about 3 mcal/kg of digestible energy. Maximum growth performance was achieved by the lambs fed diets containing only natural protein in the concentration sequence of 20/17/17. However, the advantage (though statistically significant at a probability of 0.05) was small and slightly lower gains with the protein sequence of ...


The authors report on the effects of atomic layer deposited Al2O3, TiO2, HfO2, and ZnO layers as a passivation material for type-II InAs/GaSb superlattice midwave infrared photodetectors. Low temperature and plasma free operation with defect free and conformal coating of the atomic layer deposition technique creates an efficient passivation layer. In this study, photodiodes coated with and without passivation layer were compared for their dark current and surface resistivity performances. For Al2O3 coated diodes, the dark current density was improved by more than two orders of magnitude at 77 K under −50 mV bias. As a result, HfO2 and TiO2 passivated diodes are better than reference diodes, but they are not as good as Al2O3 passivated diodes. Low Gibbs free energy of the aluminum oxides helps eliminating conductive native surface oxides in a self cleaning process.


There are potential risks and uncertainties in each phase of IT service outsourcing, which will pose a huge threat on governmental and national security. In order to benefit the outsourcing of government IT service, this paper will study the security and risk management strategies for government IT service outsourcing.


The aim was to analyze clinical and radiographic features of smear-negative pulmonary tuberculosis relapses. Material and methods. We analyzed clinical and radiographic features of 156 pulmonary tuberculosis relapses. Results. It was found out that clinical and radiographic manifestations of smear-negative pulmonary tuberculosis relapses are quite marked: high level of destructive processes (39.5%), spread of disease to both lungs (15.8%) marked broncho-pulmonary and intoxication syndrome in 34 % of patients. In addition, patients with smear-negative pulmonary tuberculosis relapses have poor treatment results in case of the standard treatment regimen.


Not everyone is lucky enough to conceive as soon as they want to and IVF with its high cost and shockingly low success rates deter many couples, but is there hope at last with a new technique being developed?


.......................................................................................................... i ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ..................................................................................... iii TABLE OF CONTENTS .......................................................................................iv LIST OF FIGURES ...............................................................................................vi LIST OF TABLES ............................................................................................... viii LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ..................................................................................ix INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................. 1 CHAPTER ONE.....................................................................................9 A TIME COURSE STUDY OF ROTAVIRUS-INFECTED CELLS TREATED WITH STILBENOIDS AND THE REGULATION OF CELL DEATH PATHWAYS..........................................................................................9 ABSTRACT ........................................................................................................ 1


J. Kwon, Prof. S. Jung Department of Creative IT Engineering Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH) 77 Cheongam-Ro , Nam-Gu, Pohang 37673 , Korea E-mail: email@example.com Y. Takeda, Dr. K. Fukuda, Prof. S. Tokito Research Center for Organic Electronics (ROEL) Graduate School of Science and Engineering Yamagata University 4-3-16 Jonan , Yonezawa , Yamagata 992-8510 , Japan E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com Prof. K. Cho Department of Chemical Engineering Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH) 77 Cheongam-Ro , Nam-Gu, Pohang 37673 , Korea


This work aims to present an High Voltage High Power and High Frequency CMOS DC-DC converter able to work in both Flyback and Boost configurations, designed for automotive applications. The system, implemented in Austriamicrosystems 0.35um HVCMOS technology, is able to manage input voltages from 2.5V up to 36V and generates a programmable output voltage from 6 to 36V with an output current up to 900mA. To improve EMC/EMI system performances, dithering of switching frequency and slope controlling of the gate driver have been implemented.


For most simulation modeling efforts, the goal of model developers is to produce simulations that are the best representations of realism as possible. Achieving this goal commonly requires a considerable amount of data to set the initial parameters, followed by validation and model improvement – both of which require even more data. The Forest Vegetation Simulator (FVS) is a widely-used, distance-independent forest growth simulator that can be used to model a wide variety of forest conditions and silvicultural treatments. Extensions to FVS include modules for simulating fire effects and the impacts of insects and disease. Being an important silvicultural tool, the incorporation of realistic tree regeneration, with or without the occurrence of treatments, is a desirable component. Regeneration is implemented in FVS using two kinds of models - full establishment models, which are calibrated to automatically regenerate seedlings (including root and stump sprouts) in response to stand conditions and treatments, and partial establishment models, in which the establishment of new trees is largely under the control of the user. Although establishment models have been part of FVS since the 1980s in its predecessor, Prognosis, only a few of the 19 FVS variants currently in use have full establishment models. While user demand has been high for full establishment models to be added to more variants, the accessibility to sufficient regeneration data has been a barrier to implementation. As a wide-ranging data source, the Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) program has potential to assist with development of full establishment models in variants that are currently lacking them. FIA has formed a partnership with other parts of Forest Service Research and Development, National Forest Systems, and other researchers who have an interest in, or are currently working on forest regeneration modeling. The goal of the partnership will be universal implementation of full establishment models within FVS.


Twenty-one obese children who attended a 4-week summer camping in Siriraj Hospital were evaluated for their lung function before and after camping. Twelve out of 21 children (57%) were found to have restrictive lung before camping. Of these 12 children, 6 of them (50%) had improvement of lung function, whereas 4 out of those with abnormal lung function (33%) had normal lung function after campings.


In order to study whether the subbase mixture of coal gangue can be applied to road construction of Yingkou region or not,3 kinds of mixture ratios are identified initially,and then a comprehensive consideration of compressive strength,splitting strength,modulus of resilience,antifreeze properties,shrinkage performance and temperature shrinkage performance for the control of coal gangue mixture are taken.In the test,coal gangue mixture early strength is low.If in the mixture,the pulverized fly ash content increases,its later period intensity increases slowly;Resist compression modulus of coal gangue mixture coincide with its compression strength change trend.The best percentage of cement-lime-fly ash-coal gangue-crushed stone is 2∶10∶28∶60∶0.With scientific and rational mixing proportion,the coal gangue can be widely used in the construction of road subbase of Yingkou region.


Most vendors of digital signal processors (DSPs) support a Harvard architecture, which has two or more memory buses, one for program and one or more for data and allow the processor to access multiple words of data from memory in a single instruction cycle. We already addressed how to efficiently assign data to multi-memory banks in our previous work. This paper reports on our recent attempt to manipulate dual run-time environment. The run-time environment for dual data memory banks requires two run-time stacks to control activation records located in two memory banks corresponding to calling procedures. Unfortunately, several existing compilers use only single stack or fully static dual run-time stack. The former cannot utilize dual data memory banks, and the latter waste run-time memory. Therefore, we provide dual run-time environment based on stacks in this paper. The experimental results have revealed that our run-time environment utilize dual data memory banks efficiently and diminished usage of run-time memory