It is difficult to obtain high-protein contents from rice straw using direct fermentation due to its low nitrogen content. This study investigates the effects of ammonification–steam explosion pretreatment of rice straw on the protein content after solid-state fermentation (SSF). The pretreatment is carried out under multi-strain inoculation conditions. The samples of rice straw after ammonification (TA), steam explosion (TSE), and ammonification and steam explosion (TA-SE) were compared to the control group (TC). The results indicate that both ammonification and steam explosion could disintegrate rice straw's lignocellulosic structure, releasing nutrients that can be used for microbial reproduction. In addition, amino compounds are formed along with depolymerization products, thus effectively promoting the true protein content. Post-fermentation, total crude protein contents of TA, TSE, and TA-SE samples were 2.56, 1.83, and 4.37 times higher than that of Tc samples, respectively, and true protein contents were 2.52, 1.83, and 5.03 times higher. This study shows that the true protein content by combined ammonification and steam explosion pretreatment of rice straw during 96 h of solid-state fermentation was 46.7% of its total matter, rendering it a suitable alternative to high-protein animal feed.


his seventieth birthday), 'Shattering a Few Myths' about Gould is of particular note. Here, for example, the often held assumption that Gould was largely self-taught is challenged, as Beckwith maintains that Alberto Guerrer6~-with whom Gould and Beckwith studied piano, had considerable influence on Gould's playing, including Gould's preference for sitting low in front of the piano. Here, as in various texts throughout the book, Beckwith injects personal sentiments. This is most evident in the final section of the book, 'Sounds Like ... ' in which he describes his gradual loss of hearing, the ramifications of this loss, and his ways of coping with this most difficult deprivation. Throughout these two texts, Beckwith blends personal observations with discussions of other acoustic perspectives, and his strong opinions against Muzak. With its collection of diverse texts, and its combination of different levels of commentary, analYSiS, and storytelling (borrowing an etlmomusicological expression), Music Papers is eminently readable as well as informative. Most important is that Music Papers reveals Beckwith's wide-ranging knowledge and ever-present attention to detail, his enormous commitment and contribution to all aspects of Canadian music, his sense of humour, as well as a profoundly human spirit. (GORDON E. SMITH)


Simple Summary In this study, the role of cells of the innate immune system in the development and progression of colorectal cancer liver metastasis was investigated. Two proteins, CD274 (PD-L1) and CD206 (MRC1), have been associated with poor prognosis and disease progression. Our study analyzed tumoral and non-tumoral biopsies from 47 patients with CRC liver metastasis using flow cytometry to phenotypically characterize innate immune cells. Comparing tumor with non-tumor samples, we found an increase in CD274 expression on classical, intermediate, and, in a lower extension, non-classical monocytes. Interestingly, we observed a decrease in the percentage of all monocyte subpopulations expressing CD274 and CD206 in tumor samples with a desmoplastic growth pattern compared to non-desmoplastic. Moreover, a lower percentage of monocyte subpopulations expressing CD206 or CD274 was associated with increased disease-free survival. Our study suggests potential new targets and biomarkers for precision medicine to improve CRC patients' outcomes. Abstract Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most prevalent type of cancer, and liver metastasis is the most common site of metastatic development. In the tumor microenvironment (TME), various innate immune cells are known to influence cancer progression and metastasis occurrence. CD274 (PD-L1) and CD206 (MRC1) are proteins that have been associated with poor prognosis and disease progression. We conducted a study on tumoral and non-tumoral biopsies from 47 patients with CRC liver metastasis, using flow cytometry to phenotypically characterize innate immune cells. Our findings showed an increase in the expression of CD274 on classical, intermediate, and non-classical monocytes when comparing tumor with non-tumor samples. Furthermore, tumor samples with a desmoplastic growth pattern exhibited a significantly decreased percentage of CD274- and CD206-positive cells in all monocyte populations compared to non-desmoplastic samples. We found a correlation between a lower expression of CD206 or CD274 on classical, intermediate, and non-classical monocytes and increased disease-free survival, which points to a better prognosis for these patients. In conclusion, our study has identified potential new targets and biomarkers that could be incorporated into a personalized medicine approach to enhance the outcome for colorectal cancer patients.


Loads acting on the conveyor belt cause it to undergo a continuous process of wear and tear. One of many symptoms indicating such wear and tear is the abrasion of the carrying cover and the pulley cover. Decrements in the belt's cross-section reduce its puncture resistance, thus increasing the risk of core damage. Early detection of even the slightest damage to belt covers and the evaluation of damage increment may help the user to prepare a more precise schedule of current repairs. Such precision will in turn help to minimize losses due to belt conveyor emergency downtime. This article presents a device for measuring conveyor belt thickness and for evaluating the changes in the belt's transverse and longitudinal profile. The measurements are performed continuously, along the belt axis. Belt thickness is measured on a flat section, during belt operation. The device may be applied to any type of belt used in mining industry. The measurement device is managed by an application called DiagBeltSonic, specially designed for this purpose. The application allows the user to define some basic information about the conveyor prior to the test. The measurement results show a sectional view of the belt along the length of the complete loop and also show the longitudinal and transverse profile of the tested belt.


We state a definition of the simulation of graph automata, which are machines built by putting copies of the same finite-state automaton at the vertices of a regular graph, reading the states of the neighbors. We first present the notion of simulation and link it to intrinsic graph properties. Afterwards, we present some results of simulation between such graph automata, comparing them to the cellular automata on Cayley graphs. The graphs considered here are planar, with the elementary cycles of the same length, and form regular tilings of the hyperbolic plane. We conclude with a possible speed hierarchy.


PROBA-3 is the ESA mission devoted to the demonstration of precise formation flying technology. Precise formation flying will allow small spacecraft, flying with a fixed relative geometry, to synthesise giant structure-less instruments. PROBA-3 consists of two satellites keeping a formation from 25 to 250 metres controlling relative position with about one millimetre accuracy. The spacecraft will autonomously manage the formation and take mission critical decision with no ground supervision. The metrology sensors chain will allow formation acquisition and relative position determination maintenance with micrometric precision. Periodic in flight automatic calibration will compensate the systematic deformation induced by the space environment. This paper details the mission objectives and the challenging requirements. It describes the overall mission design and in particular the formation flying technology demonstration plan. The main mission novelties are highlighted and the mission autonomy, formation flying sensors and algorithms and verification approaches are introduced. The preliminary performance results are presented. Eventually, the potential exploitation of the PROBA-3 demonstration for future missions is presented in the conclusions.


In context of climate change, comprehensively estimate of forest C stocks will be helpful for forest carbon sequestration, as well as achieving target for carbon neutrality in 2060 proposed by the Chinese government. There is a timely need for a greater global perspective in assessing carbon sequestration using datasets of eight inventory periods from 1977 to 2018. The authors highlight that the pronouncing increases in total biomass C pool and average biomass C density of Chinese forests were largely attributed to afforestation practices, forest age growth, and environmental changes. Overall, the manuscript is well written and its objectives adequately addressed in the discussion section. I do, however, also have some more detailed comments on the manuscript. My recommendation is minor revision with reassessment by the editor.


Introduction The confinement of high energy ions is a issue for the prospect to steady state helical reactor. In the planar axis configuration, such as Heliotron E, particle confinement can be improved for a magnetic configuration with the magnetic axis shifted inward. However, this magnetic configuration has a rather magnetic hill and clear MHD instabilities are typically observed [1] . In Heliotron J [2] , to overcome the limitation of the planar axis configuration, helical-axis heliotron configuration is adopted, and the high level compatibility of the good particle confinement and MHD stability has been studied to explore the concept of optimization of helical-axis heliotron configuration. From the theoretical calculation, it has been pointed out that controlling Fourier components of magnetic field plays a key role in the particle confinement [3] . In this paper, we report the experimental results on the behavior of high energy particles in Heliotron J plasmas. The confinement of the high energy particles is discussed with regard to a Fourier component of the magnetic field, toroidal mirror ratio (bumpiness component).


The power that New Genetics has placed within mankind=s grasp requires ethics from which decisions on matters of genetic manipulation can be made. This work sets out to (1) place the ethics of biotechnologies in the context of bioethics as a whole; (2) point out the different spheres of New Genetics which pose ethical problems, recognising that each of these requires specific treatment; (3) outline an ethical framework to guide replies, a structure built up from Kantian ethics, Sen=s capabilities approach, the ethics of discourse and Jonas= responsibility principle, and (4) to tackle what is perhaps the most burning question in the ethical sphere: if the power of genetic manipulation requires once more bringing up the discussion on human nature, as approached by Habermas and Fukuyama, amongst others.


In the "speed model" of accelerated motion, the terms "speeding up" and "slowing down" are equated with positive and negative acceleration, respectively. As part of the Maine Physical Sciences Partnership, we have investigated middle school physical science teachers' understanding of accelerated motion in the context of using vectors as a pictorial tool for kinematics and found a high prevalence of the speed model. Through surveys, interviews, and observation of professional development activities, we have found that the teachers consistently use the correct mathematical tools to talk about displacements and velocities, and correctly use vectors to represent displacements, velocities and accelerations. However, when interpreting the acceleration of an object, teachers often use the speed model, which contradicts their other work. We discuss this result and present two conjectures about its possible origin.


The new release 14 of this popular CAD software lures with a lot of improvements and new functions like revised automatic hatching, automatic object catch and elegant visualization possibilities. Above all, however, AutoCAD has become faster - a rare quality in the world of software.


Guillermo Oyarce is an associate professor in the Department of Library and Information Science, University of North Texas. He can be reached by email at oyga<at>unt.edu S ince 2000 the SIG/USE Symposium has been a staple of the ASIS&T Annual Meetings. In the nine years since its inception the symposium has provided a space for dialogue among the information science community – both specialists and lay professional public – about key issues and topics facing information, its users, its uses and its technologies. And like all such endeavors, it has required hard work, creativity, perseverance and passion. At this year's Annual Meeting, in beautiful Vancouver, the aims of the 9th SIG/USE Symposium were to provide an opportunity for all ASIS&T members (and information professionals at-large) to reflect and brainstorm together on essential questions around information behavior research and practice in a collaborative context: What are the fundamental questions that we should be looking at in this line of research? How are we to move towards making greater impacts on organizations and designers? What follows is an overview of the symposium process and outcomes, an examination of the issues raised by contributors during the symposium and an outline of future research prospects.


It is very important to analyze the security of optimizing fully homomorphic encryption scheme. For the fully homomorphic encryption scheme designed by Tang et al., this paper directly obtains the plaintext bit from a ciphertext by applying lattice reduction attack. Thus, this faster fully homomorphic encryption scheme is broken.


Background—Performance of prehospital ECGs expedites identification of ST-elevation myocardial infarction and reduces door-to-balloon times for patients receiving reperfusion therapy. To fully realize this benefit, emergency medical service performance must be measured and used in feedback reporting and quality improvement. Methods and Results—This quasi-experimental design trial tested an approach to improving emergency medical service prehospital ECGs using feedback reporting and quality improvement interventions in 2 cities' emergency medical service agencies and receiving hospitals. All patients age ≥30 years, calling 9-1-1 with possible acute coronary syndrome, were included. In total, 6994 patients were included: 1589 patients in the baseline period without feedback and 5405 in the intervention period when there were feedback reports and quality improvement interventions. Mean age was 66±17 years, and women represented 51%. Feedback and quality improvement increased prehospital ECG performance for patients with acute coronary syndrome from 76% to 93% (P=<0.0001) and for patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction from 77% to 99% (P=<0.0001). Aspirin administration increased from 75% to 82% (P=0.001), but the median total emergency medical service run time remained the same at 22 minutes. The proportion of patients with door-to-balloon times of ≤90 minutes increased from 27% to 67% (P=0.006). Conclusions—Feedback reports and quality improvement improved prehospital ECG performance for patients with acute coronary syndrome and ST-elevation myocardial infarction and increased aspirin administration without prehospital transport delays. Improvements in door-to-balloon times were also seen.


ALEXANDER, CARTER. Bibliography on Educational Finance. Report of the Educational Finance Inquiry Commission, Vol. IV. New York: Macmillan Co., 1924. Pp. vi+258. BAGLEY, WILLIAM C., and KEITH, JOHN A. H. An Introduction to Teaching. New York: Macmillan Co., 1924. Pp. x+400. BOBBITT, FRANKLIN. How to Make a Curriculum. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co., 1924. Pp. 292. $1.8o. BOGARDUS, EMORY S. Fundamentals of Social Psychology. New York: Century Co., 1924. Pp. xiv+48o. $3.75. The Child: His Nature and His Needs. Edited by M. V. O'Shea. Valparaiso, Indiana: Childrens Foundation, 1924. Pp. x+516. $i.oo. CLARKE, F. Essays in the Politics of Education. New York: Oxford University Press, American Branch, 1923. Pp. x+158.


Several highly efficient alignment tools have been released over the past few years, including those taking advantage of GPUs (Graphics Processing Units). G-PAS (GPU-based Pairwise Alignment Software) was one of them, however, with a couple of interesting features that made it unique. Nevertheless, in order to adapt it to a new computational architecture some changes had to be introduced. In this paper we present G-PAS 2.0 – a new version of the software for performing high-throughput alignment. Results show, that the new version is faster nearly by a fourth on the same hardware, reaching over 20 GCUPS (Giga Cell Updates Per Second).


The use of hydrogen as a rocket fuel has been successfully established; however, it has also been established that many metals are degraded in one or more of their properties by environmental gaseous hydrogen. The degree of degradation may range from slight to extreme, depending on the metal being analyzed and the type of test or tests used. Many important variables, such as environment, stress, temperature, and time must be considered in selecting the test to be used to determine the susceptibility to gaseous hydrogen. Types of tests are discussed such as: (1) tensile (smooth and notched), (2) strain- controlled, low-cycle fatigue, (3) high-cycle fatigue, (4) creep-rupture, and (5) fracture toughness, used to determine degradation of specific material properties and enable general observations in regard to the susceptibility of various materials to hydrogen degradation. (auth)


User Authentication is one of important parts in networking security technology.This article describes the authentication mechanisms and their security character and a simple authentication plan according to digital signature is designed.


We propose CUP, a new method for compressing and accelerating deep neural networks. At its core, CUP achieves compression by clustering and pruning similar filters in each layer. For clustering, CUP uses hierarchical clustering which allows for an elegant parameterization of model capacity through a single hyper-parameter t. We observe that by increasing t, CUP can dynamically reduce model capacity through non-uniform layer-wise pruning leading to two advantages. First, CUP can effectively compress a model to within the desired compute budget through a simple line-search on t. Second, through a simple extension, CUP can obtain the pruned model in a single training pass leading to large savings in training time. On Imagenet, CUP leads to a 2.47× FLOPS reduction on Resnet-50 with less than 1% drop in top-5 accuracy. Notably, in the retrain-free setting, CUP-RF saves over 10 hours of training time on 3 GPUs, in comparison to state-of-the-art methods. The code for CUP is open sourced1.


their arithmetic means. It is a classical result of the theory of Fejer and Lebesgue that the sequence {-In (x) } is uniformly bounded and satisfies (1.5) |0-n(x) I < and that, as n -oo, ofn(x)-*f(x) uniformly over (-7r, 7r) provided f(x) is continuous in (-7r, ir). As to the partial sums (1.3) themselves, as may be shown by suitable examples, they need not be uniformly bounded even when (1.1) is satisfied, and the sequence {Sn(x) } need not converge uniformly to f(x) even whenf(x) is continuous in (-7r, 7r). Under these circumstances special attention should be given to a recent result of Paleyt according to which the non-negativeness of the Fourier coeffi-


As one of the small band of professional marine scientists who have actually been delegates to the UN Law of the Sea Conference and who have been actively involved in negotiating some of the texts, I was most interested to read David Ross' article on marine scientific research. (Eos, 62, Sept. 1, p. 652). I was particularly glad to see that he urged a constructive attitude toward what many scientists seem to feel is a totally unjustified attempt to curb their 'freedom.'

Two aspects of the negotiations were particularly important in this regard. First, it was found impossible to differentiate satisfactorily between academic, economic, or military research. Much marine research (for instance that concerning gravity or water column temperature) is equally valuable to all three. Much apparently 'scientific' research is carried out by academic personnel using commercial subcontractors and supported by military funds. Typical of the confusion were large gravity, magnetic, and bathymetric surveys carried out by the U.S. Navy and NATO over the continental shelves of many Atlantic and Mediterranean coastal states (without notification or consent) during the 1960s, presumably under the justification that they were primarily military in purpose and therefore not covered under the existing 1958 agreement.


The study was conducted to investigate the effects of heatstress on blood biochemical and hormonal parameters of broilers from 34 to 49 days of age. The birds were exposed to daily cyclic high temperature of 263526 ℃ in the first week and 283828 ℃ in the second week. Blood samples, collected at 24 h, 72 h, 1 week and 2 weeks, were assayed for serum triiodothyronine, thyronine and other 9 blood contents, and compared with the control group housed under normal temperature. The results showed a significant reduction of serum triiodothyronine, thyronine, glucose and the activity of lactate dehydrogenase,alkaline phosphotase and glutamatepyruvate transaminase during the hot period, while the serum total protein increased and the others went down then up, or essentially stable.


The purpose of this thesis is to give a characterization of all spacelike constant mean curvature surfaces which have continuous internal symmetry in Minkowski three space. The properties that these surfaces must satisfy leads to a system of partial differential equations and every solution of this system results in a desired surface. Further examination of this system leads to a differential relation that the metric must satisfy. The behaviour of the solution to this relation is investigated to determine if the resulting surface is complete.


In this study we investigate using an unsupervised generative learning method for subjectivity detection in text across different domains. We create an initial training set using simple lexicon information, and then evaluate a calibrated EM (expectation-maximization) method to learn from unannotated data. We evaluate this unsupervised learning approach on three different domains: movie data, news resource, and meeting dialogues. We also perform a thorough analysis to examine impacting factors on unsupervised learning, such as the size and self-labeling accuracy of the initial training set. Our experiments and analysis show inherent differences across domains and performance gain from calibration in EM.


Lunar exploration architecture can be made more flexible and reliable with the support of a low-Earth orbit (LEO) space station. This study therefore evaluated a proposed hybrid optimization scheme to design the entire trajectory of a reusable spacecraft starting from trans-Earth injection (EI) at the perilune and ending at an LEO space station. As such a trajectory has multiple constraints and multiple dynamical models, it is divided into the trans-Earth phase, aerocapture phase, and postatmospheric phase. The optimization scheme is performed at two levels: sublevel and top level. At the sublevel, two novel pseudo rules are proposed to optimize the trans-Earth trajectory so that it satisfies the coplanar constraints of the space station. Then, in the aerocapture phase, the bank angle is optimized to satisfy the mission constraints, and in the atmospheric phase, the one-impulsive maneuver is performed and optimized to insert the spacecraft into the target space station orbit. The multiple phases are connected to each other by boundary conditions where the terminal state of the previous phase is transformed into the initial state of the following phase. At the top level, the vacuum perigee height is selected as the mission design variable based on problem characteristics analysis and a hybrid optimization scheme is conducted to minimize the total velocity increment. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed hybrid optimization method is effective for the design of an entire trajectory with acceptable velocity cost which is less than that in the previous study. The coplanar constraints of the space station and other mission constraints in each phase are also satisfied. Furthermore, the proposed trajectory design method is shown to be applicable to a reusable spacecraft returning to an LEO space station parked in any arbitrary orbital plane.


This study aimed to perform Phase II clinical trials with the infusion of the leaves of Cissus sicyoides L to investigate its therapeutic effectiveness in glucose-intolerant (GIG n = 14) and in type 2 diabetic (GD n = 12) volunteers, 30 to 59 years old, at Hospital Universitario Lauro Wanderley/UFPB. The tea was prepared with 1g of dust falling leaves diluted in 150 mL of hot water for 10 minutes (popular usage), in single doses, for 7 days (acute phase). In the GIG, the interaction between the glicemy and the insulin was verified through two oral tests of glucose tolerance, with and without infusion's ingestion. The glicemy and the insulinemy were determined at 0, 1, 2, and 3 hours. For GD, the spontaneous variation of glicemy (during fasting and resting periods, at 0, 1, 2, and 3 hours), and the glicemic profile (before and 2 hours after meals) were evaluated in the absence and in the presence of the tea. For GIG, the tea of the leaves revealed considerable hypoglycemic activity at 120 minutes; however there was no insulinemy increase, beyond the physiological, suggesting that this effect did not happen because of insulinemy's liberation or secretion. For GD, the tea did not demonstrate considerable hypoglycemic activity.


In this paper we show the results of numerical simulation and theoretical analysis for two vapor chambers having the same external structure but different internal wick structures.The results show that the vapor chamber with wick bracing pillar has a better thermal performance because wick bracing pillar accelerates fluid circulation and that the numerical simulation can be used for structural optimization and has the guiding significance for improvements in thermal performance of vapor chambers.


As a form of education, distance learning currently shows great promise and the role of online libraries in delivering off-campus information services increases. This paper presents a comparative analysis of measures undertaken by traditional academic libraries in China and Italy in response to pandemic restrictions on educational operations during the lockdown period. The study utilized a specially developed questionnaire, carried out through an online survey, as a means of collecting data from library users (students and teachers). The study population includes 102 random library patrons, including 64 students and 38 teachers who were using services of academic libraries in China at the time. Through comparison with other studies, the quarantine responses of Chinese libraries were identified. The results of the study show that COVID-19 responses of libraries in China went in a direction similar to those in Italy, but the final decisions varied because of different levels of technological development. This knowledge may be used by libraries to identify areas for improvement. The results show that Chinese libraries were more effective in overcoming quarantine restrictions than those in Italy. The overwhelming majority of respondents reported that they had positive experience learning remotely and would not mind if distance learning programs continue to function after the pandemic is over.


The aim of automatic pathological voice detection systems is to serve as tools, to medical specialists, for a more objective, less invasive and improved diagnosis of diseases. In this respect, the gold standard for those system include the usage of a optimized representation of the spectral envelope, either based on cepstral coefficients from the mel-scaled Fourier spectral envelope (Mel-Frequency Cepstral Coefficients) or from an all-pole estimation (Linear Prediction Coding Cepstral Coefficients) forcharacterization, and Gaussian Mixture Models for posterior classification. However, the study of recently proposed GMM-based classifiers as well as Nuisance mitigation techniques, such as those employed in speaker recognition, has not been widely considered inpathology detection labours. The present work aims at testing whether or not the employment of such speaker recognition tools might contribute to improve system performance in pathology detection systems, specifically
in the automatic detection of Obstructive Sleep Apnea. The testing procedure employs an Obstructive Sleep Apnea database, in conjunction with GMM-based classifiers looking for a better performance. The results show that an improved performance might be obtained by using such approach.


Abstract Al-rich Zn/Al/Zn clad solder were developed as Pb-free solder for a die-attachment. The Zn/Al/Zn clad solder was produced by clad rolling of Zn and Al strips in order to prevent Al from oxidation and improve wettability. The Zn/Al/Zn clad solder was melted at 382°C after solid-state interdiffusion of the Zn and Al layers. Bonding was successfully achieved with bonding pressure of a few kilopascals. Thermal cycle life of Invar-to-Cu substrate joint using the Zn/Al/Zn clad solder was longer than that of Pb-Sn-Ag solder. No Kirkendall voids were observed in the vicinity of the bonded interface after ageing at 250 °C for 1000 h.


For high reliability semiconductor analog ICs, it is difficult to estimate their lifetime by using traditional reliability analysis methods since no enough failure data can be obtained in a relatively short period of time. Aiming at this problem, firstly, a general procedure for an accelerated degradation testing was proposed to analyze the lifetime of analog ICs under actual operating conditions according to the characteristics of their degradation behavior in this paper. Then, accelerated models and performance degradation models of analog ICs were introduced. Finally, the engineering practicability of the presented method is verified with a case of a certain type of voltage reference analog IC applied in certain aerospace electronic system.


We propose a mathematical model of tornado in the framework of continuum mechanics. According to this model, the swirling upward air motion in a tornado can be explained even without taking into account the Coriolis force or the vertical convection of warm air. Our results show that for a tornado to appear two factors are necessary: a powerful rotational motion of air in the upper atmosphere and the growth of air pressure from the center to the periphery of an expected region of tornado. The characteristics of air flow in tornado can be found by solving a boundary value problem for a nonlinear parabolic integro-differential equation for an unknown complex-valued temperature. We formulate this problem, propose an algorithm for its numerical solution, and examine its stationary solutions by the stabilization method.


Two experiments were undertaken to test the assumption that the outcome of an instrumental contingency depends on the acquisition of signalling properties by the response in the same sense that the acquisition of signalling properties by a stimulus is viewed as determining the outcome of a Pavlovian contingency. The presence coincident with a punished response of a stimulus either previously or preferentially correlated with shock was found to reduce the extent to which punishment suppressed the rate of responding. It was argued that these results, interpreted as indicating the blocking and overshadowing of the response-shock association, were consistent with the assumption tested.


Parameters, no matter whether they are uncontrollable uncertainty factors or controllable variables, have a great impact on the states and performances of continuous engineering systems. Acquiring an explicit expression of the complicated implicit function between these parameters and system states, called parametric problem in this article, will facilitate immediate analysis of parameters' impact on the system, optimal parameter design, and uncertainty quantification. Polynomial chaos expansion (PCE) is a globally optimal polynomial approximation method for parametric problems, but it suffers from the curse of dimensionality, i.e., the number of basis functions and consequent computational burden increases rapidly with the number of parameters (i.e., dimensions). This article proposes a PCE method characterized by the arbitrarily sparse basis and novel generalized Smolyak sparse grid quadrature and, hence, effectively relieves the curse of dimensionality for high-dimensional problems. This basis is not restricted by any existing fixed-form truncation and can merely incorporate a few important basis functions. The novel generalized sparse grid can remarkably reduce the number of required collocation points compared with the prevailing classic sparse grid while achieving high accuracy. The proposed method is universal for parametric problems in engineering systems and is exemplified by parametric and probabilistic power flow problems of electrical power systems. Its effectiveness is validated by computational results on the IEEE 30-bus, 118-bus, and 500-parameter 9241pegase systems.


Summary

In Experiment I, phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) or Ringer-lactate solution (RL) was used to flush embryos from mares, but there was no difference (P>0.05) in pregnancy rate after transfer of embryos: 8/14 (57%) in PBS and 14/22 in RL. There was also no difference (P>0.05) in pregnancy rates in Experiment II when embryos were flushed with PBS alone (53/117, 45%) or PBS + 1% foetal calf serum (37/70, 53%). In Experiment III, the standard technique for embryo recovery gave 55% (11/20) success compared with 75% (18/24) for a modified method whereby 3 min' contact time was allowed in the uterus for each flush, without massage of the uterus, but this was not statistically significant (P>0.05).


Background : The oral mucositis is one of the most frequent side effects of oncology treatment and is responsible for the largest decline in quality of life of patients and causing significant morbidity. Objective : This study aimed to evaluate the preventive effect of chlorhexidine and treatment of low-energy laser in patients under antineoplastic therapy in three oncology centers in the city of Feira de Santana, Bahia. Material and method : 74 patients were evaluated on chemotherapy or radiotherapy treatment, divided into four groups: experimental group I (n = 37), patients undergoing mouthwash with chlorhexidine digluconate; experimental group II (n = 07), patients with oral mucositis undergoing mouthwashes with chlorhexidine digluconate and low laser power, control group I (n = 37), submitted to the protocol of the centers of oncology and control group II (n = 15) patients with mucositis protocol submitted to the centers of oncology. Each patient was evaluated at the end of treatment by local examination for the detection of oral mucositis. Result : From 74 patients, 22 developed mucositis, where 07 of the control groups and 15 of experimental groups. From patients who developed mucositis, 07 were treated by laser. Conclusion : The chlorhexidine did not prevent the installation of oral mucositis, although it decreased the severity of injuries. Regarding the time of permanence of the injuries, the value found (p = 0.0106) demonstrated the importance of laser using in the management of oral mucositis.


This paper presents an audio-based interaction technology that lets the user have full control over her home environment and at detecting distress situations for the elderly and frail population. We introduce the PATSH framework which performs real-time recognition of voice commands anywhere in the home and detail its architecture and the state-of-the-art processing technologies it employs. This system was evaluated in a realistic Smart Home with three user groups: seniors, visually impaired people and people with no special needs. Results showed the validity of the PATSH approach and shed light on its usability for people with special needs. Index Terms: Real-time audio analysis, experimental in-situ evaluation, Smart Home, Ambient Assisted Living


Bribing is the core of bribery This pɑper presents ɑ newly point thɑt the bounds of bribing are extended from mɑteriɑl benefits to non-mɑteriɑls in ɑccordɑnce with specifie conditions ɑppeɑring within current bribing,so thɑt we cɑn mɑke punishments more effectively for the crime.


We investigate the determinants of mutual fund manager career outcomes. We find that, although career outcomes are largely determined by past performance, measured by returns and fund flows, personal attributes also factor in. All else equal, female managers are less likely to be promoted and have shorter tenures than male fund managers. This finding applies to a greater extent to women who co-manage funds with other managers, which suggests that working in teams negatively affects women's careers when compared to men's. Moreover, we show that, all else equal, younger managers, U.S.-educated managers, and managers who attended elite schools experience better career outcomes than otherwise similar managers.


We describe an algebraic chain level construction that models the passage from an arbitrary topological space to its free loop space. The input of the construction is a categorical coalgebra, i.e. a curved coalgebra satisfying certain properties, and the output is a chain complex. The construction is a modified version of the coHochschild complex of a differential graded (dg) coalgebra. When applied to the chains on an arbitrary simplicial set $X$, appropriately interpreted, it yields a chain complex that is naturally quasi-isomorphic to the singular chains on the free loop space of the geometric realization of $X$. We relate this construction to a twisted tensor product model for the free loop space constructed using the adjoint action of a dg Hopf algebra model for the based loop space.


Abstract Response to perturbations of concentration and temperature have been used since the early part of the century [l, 21 to describe mathematically the transient behavior of process equipment. Beginning two decades ago [3, 41, evaluation of rate parameters, such as mass transfer coefficients, diffusivities, and chemical kinetic constants from response measurements, has developed into a useful tool in applied science. Kubin [5, 61 and Kucera [7] made a major contribution in pointing out that experimentally measurable moments of the response curves (peaks) to pulse inputs could be expressed explicitly in terms of the rate and equilibrium parameters used to describe the chemical and physical processes occurring in the equipment, For example, in a fixed-bed, continuously operating adsorber the moments of the response peak, in the effluent stream, to a pulse of concentration introduced in the feed could be expressed in terms of an axial dispersion rate coefficient, fluid-to-particle mass transfer coeffici...


Patrimony,a masterpiece of Philip Roth's works,in which the suffering of Jewish immigrants in surviving in America is expressed fully.Trying to survive,enduring and cooperating for survival constitute their survivalism.Roth also expresses his latent anxiety about the survival of Jewish people.


Propagation of an epidemic across a spatial network of communities is described by a variant of the SIR model accompanied by an intercommunity infectivity matrix. This matrix is estimated from fluxes between communities, obtained from cell-phone tracking data recorded in the USA between March 2020 and February 2021. We have applied this model to the 2020 dynamics of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. We find that the numbers of susceptible and infected individuals predicted by the model agree with the reported cases in each community by fitting just one global parameter representing the frequency of interaction between individuals. The effect of "shelter-in-place" policies introduced across the USA at the onset of the pandemic is clearly seen in our results. We then consider the effect that alternative policies would have had, namely restricting long-range travel. We find that this policy is successful in decreasing the epidemic size and slowing down the spread, at the expense of a substantial restriction on mobility as a function of distance. When long-distance mobility is suppressed, this policy results in a traveling wave of infections, which we characterize analytically. In particular, we show the dependence of the wave velocity and profile on the transmission parameters. Finally, we discuss a policy of selectively constraining travel based on an edge-betweenness criterion.


Transportation of large objects using traditional bridge crane can induce pendulum motion (swing) of the object. In environments such as factory the energy contained in the swinging mass can be large and therefore attempts to move the mass onto target while still swinging can cause considerable damage. Oscillations must be damped or allowed to decay before the next process can take place. Stopping the swing can be accomplished by moving the bridge in a manner to counteract the swing which sometimes can be done by skilled operator, or by waiting for the swing to damp sufficiently that the object can be moved to the target without risk of damage. One of the methods that can be utilized for oscillation suppression is input preshaping. The validity of this method depends on the exact knowledge of the system dynamics. This method can be modified to provide some degrees of robustness with respect to unknown dynamics but at the cost of the speed of transient response. This report describes investigations on the development of a controller to dampen the oscillations.


We investigated how people cope with criticism of themselves and their contributions to a group effort, and how the presence of an audience affects the lines of action chosen by the criticized person. Three types of audiences (no audience, friend to the criticized person, stranger to both the criticized and the criticizer) were studied. We found that the presence of any type of audience makes for withdrawal of the criticized from the interaction. Sex differences in audience support of the criticized were found with girls more likely to object. In this article we ask how people cope with criticism of themselves or their contribution to a group effort. Does the context within which the criticism occurs, particularly whether others are present to witness it, affect expressed reaction to it? And does the mode of reaction depend ulpon the personality of the person


Precision of platelet enumeration by phase microscopy, electrical impedance (Coulter's ZBI and Thrombocounter), and laser forward light scattering (Ortho El.T-8) technologies were evaluated. Samples from 30 patients were separated into high-, medium-, and low-range platelet counts, and each sample was counted by the three techniques. Results with the ELT-8 were more precise and reproducible, especially when measuring low platelet counts. Similar results were obtained by phase microscopy and the ZBI. The Thrombocounter produced a wide fluctuation of counts.


No wonder you activities are, reading will be always needed. It is not only to fulfil the duties that you need to finish in deadline time. Reading will encourage your mind and thoughts. Of course, reading will greatly develop your experiences about everything. Reading an experimental examination of the phenomena usually attributed to fluctuation of attention the int is also a way as one of the collective books that gives many advantages. The advantages are not only for you, but for the other peoples with those meaningful benefits.


According to features and construction technology of vibrator pipe sinking cast-in-place pile the work sharing and construction program are proposed for whole construction stage. The quality control and specifications in piling are emphasized and analysis is made for several common quality defects and corresponding prevention measures are proposed.


Positive youth development (PYD) is a term that is utilized frequently in the youth services literature. At their best, positive youth development researchers and practitioners are trying to guide PYD in youth, help families build it, or construct services of doing a better job of creating opportunities for it to happen. The positive youth development literature can do much to help youth advocates formulate what we are aiming for when it comes to the implementation of strength-based and "developmentally appropriate" youth services that youth actually want to participate in. What is often lacking in much of the conversation is a more pluralistic and multi-faceted understanding of what "positive youth development" means in the diverse communities we serve. This conversation is vital to reducing persistent disparities – and requires a commitment to anti-oppressive elements as well. There is a need to delve more deeply in the multiple and overlapping identities that youth bring most settings and to understand the complexities of their circumstances, as well as to renew our own commitments as youth workers to keep learning about state of the art approaches to improve our practice as well as our partnerships with families and communities to reclaim young lives. For this reason, the following annotated bibliography is presented to inspire and stimulate further consideration of the breadth and possibility of a diverse and liberatory frame of reference for positive youth development in our work with young people.


The article examines game poetics problems in "The Defense", a novel by V. Nabokov. The author of the article offers a new approach to the analysis of the novel in the context of its game structure as a model of the author's vision. In the playing field of the novel personalities act as the author's puppets who are participants of the game. In the crystal maze game personality loses its essence and humanness. The game is an effective method of Nabokov's aesthetics and with its help the author opposes the art to common sense. It's important that in the poetics of modernism the author is present in the work, he is an absolute demiurge who aims to show his power over the text and the reader. Nabokov changes the concepts of life and art in his aesthetic games. Death is advocated as the only exit from the profane reality. Refs 48.


We read with great interest the article entitled "Effectiveness of single-session ultrasound-guided percutaneous ethanol sclerotherapy in simple breast cysts" by Ozgen (1), which has been recently published in Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology. However, we would like to address some limitations. First, simple breast cysts do not need any follow-up, as they do not show malignant transformation. Therefore, they do not require any treatment, particularly in asymptomatic patients (2). In this study, minimum lesion volume was reported as 4 mL. Such a small lesion probably does not cause complaint in the patient. Secondly, in cases treated for pain relief, it would be interesting to see how much benefit was obtained, whether the symptoms improved after the treatment, and which symptoms were resolved after the ethanol injection treatment. Thirdly, in this article, the intervention was performed on three asymptomatic patients. The reason for ethanol injection treatment in these patients remains to be elucidated. Furthermore, after the ethanol injection treatment, ultrasonography was performed at one week, one month, three months, and six months for all patients and at 12 months, 18 months, and 24 months for all available patients. However, the follow-up of patients with simple breast cysts with repeated ultrasonography is not a cost-effective management modality, and not acceptable. Although ethanol injection might be used as an alternative for the treatment of recurrent breast cysts (3), selection of patients and duration and frequency of follow-up should be arranged meticulously.


Managerial responses to human resource development (HRD) results evaluation reports were experimentally investigated as a function of (1) how evaluation information was presented and (2) reported HRD program impact levels. Managers (n = 233) read a business scenario in which they were asked to make a decision about whether to implement a development program. They were then exposed to one of nine experimental treatment conditions (evaluation report type × reported program impact level). The report types included utility analysis, critical outcome technique, and anecdotal evaluation reports. Results were varied at three impact levels (low, average, and high). Findings of the study showed that managers perceived utility analysis and critical outcome technique reports as almost equally useful in decision making; however, the anecdotal evaluation report was found to be significantly less useful than either of the other two report types. There was no effect of the reported program impact level on the perceived usefulness of the evaluation reports for decision making. Furthermore, there was no interaction between report type and impact level on the perceived usefulness of the reports for decision making. These findings show that managers prefer information about the financial results of HRD interventions to anecdotal information, regardless of the reported level of impact.


Anaemia is major health problem in our country and the foremost cause of disability. The non-specific clinical signs together with lack of knowledge among people are a hindrance for people seeking early care for this disease. Palmar pallor in children for diagnosing anaemia is anaemia has shown to have low sensitivity. Laboratory estimation of haemoglobin levels still are the diagnostic modality of choice in most primary care settings. There are numerous methods based on different principles to estimate haemoglobin. Each method has its own merit and demerit and has to be used appropriately based on that. Some methods like Hemoglobin colour scale have shown have good result to replace Sahli's method but more validation is required. HemoCue also can be used for secondary and tertiary care health institution. A strong political commitment and dedication is required for overcoming operational issues in early diagnosis of anaemia.


The aim of this research is to know the use of prepositional Phrases especially of the use of Adjectival Prepositional Phrases and also Adverbial Prepositional Phrases. This research was taken from "The Jakarta Post" newspaper" which is a daily published English newspaper in Jakarta. The approach of this research using the descriptive qualitative which drive at the facts that are found sistematically and factually. The writers involve themselves as an instrument of the research because in doing the research, the writers can make other people involve in collecting the data since the technic of the research itself is literary works that will be conducted by the writers themselves.The research revealed that: from the 1st, to the 2nd , to the 3rd, to the 4th edition of the news available in National Column of "The Jakarta Post" newspaper that the amount of the existence of the Adverbial Prepositional Phrases are higher than the amount of the existence of the Adjectival Prepositional Phrases.


Frozen sections of unfixed cat stellate (StG) and ciliary (CG) ganglia and intercostal muscle (ICM) and mouse ICM were exposed to saline (0.9% NaCl) solution and to 0.3% Triton X-100 in saline solution, and then stained for acetylcholinesterase (AChE) by a modification of the standard copper-thiocholine method. In the StG and CG, treatment with saline solution resulted in marked diffusion of AChE, and Triton X-100 caused its marked loss from the CG and nearly complete loss from the StG. In ICM, in contrast, both treatments caused increased intensity of staining of AChE at the motor end plates (MEP's). All of the foregoing effects were reversed progressively, with concomitant reduction in AChE activity, by prior fixation in cold formaldehyde (4%)-sucrose (7.5%)-maleate buffer (pH 7.3) solution for 2-24 hr. Results are interpreted on the basis that the AChE of the ganglia and MEP's exists predominantly in different isoenzymatic forms, the possible natures of which are discussed.


Without long-term the whole thread stop period of the AP, for the purpose of suppressing the increase in the time required for garbage collection, in the execution process of the object-oriented program consists of multiple threads, and a selection means for selecting multiple threads in order , stops execution of the selected thread, and inspection means for detecting the objects accessible from the thread managed as non-freeing target, performing the inspection process resumes execution of the thread, said by the selection means even after the selection is initiated, when the object pointer by the running thread detects that it has been the processing target includes a detection means for the non-release deal with objects that the object pointer points, for said plurality threads all and a release means for releasing the memory area corresponding to the object other than the object managed as a non-freeing target after the inspection process is completed.


This work exploits the passive phase stabilization of diffractive optics to implement heterodyne detection of the complete χ(5) tensor of liquid CS2 as an example of a simple liquid. This approach permits the use of two different colors for the excitation, probe, and detection beam protocols and enables full optimization of the signal with respect to discrimination against lower order cascaded third-order responses. This work extends the previous study of polarization selectivity, in combination with heterodyne detection, to all independent polarization components to provide further insight into the origins of the fifth-order response and its connection to the multitime correlation of the liquid dynamics. The characteristic feature that clearly distinguishes the direct fifth-order response from lower order cascades is the pronounced ridge along the τ4 axis (probe pulse delay) with very rapid decay along the τ2 axis (excitation pulse delay). This observation is in contrast to recent related work using one-...


When China is in a process of interest adjustment,the problem concerning interest appealing,especially from the disadvantaged groups,stands on the way preventing its building of harmonious society.In order to promote the building of harmonious society,China should take quite a lot of measures,including enhancing government's awareness of the problem,changing government's function,setting relevant systems and non-government institutions,etc.Additionally,Chinese government should coordinate the interests of different groups,most importantly,should protect the interest of disadvantaged groups by providing them with free and equal way for interest appealing.


In connection with introductory programming and numerical analysis courses at Stanford University, grading programs have been used intermittently since 1961. The original idea came from the TEACH routine devised at Carnegie Tech. by A. J. Perlis and others. Our programs furnish data, check student answers in various ways, keep track of running time, and keep a -and-ldquo;grade book-and-rdquo; for the problems. They do not check the quality of the programming in any other way. In contrast to the TEACH routine, the Stanford routines, called GRADER1, GRADER2, etc., are written separately for each problem. The most flexible and useful system was used with the Burroughs 220 computer in the BALGOL language, a dialect of ALGOL 58, and will now be described. Each grader program was written as a BALGOL-language procedure. It was then compiled together with a procedure called BUTTERFLY, written by Roger Moore of Stanford. The result was a relocatable machine-language procedure, with a mechanism for equating its variables to variables of any BALGOL program, in just the form of the BALGOL compiler's own machine-language library procedures (SIN, WRITE, READ, etc.). Finally, the grader program was added to the compiler library tape for the duration of its use.


Two bifunctional atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) macroinitiators were synthesized via Michael addition of 2 equivalents of 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate to two commercial monoamine-capped poly(alkylene oxides), Jeffamine XTJ-506 and Jeffamine XTJ-507, followed by esterification using excess 2-bromoisobutyryl bromide. 1H NMR and MALDI−TOF mass spectra (MALDI−TOF MS) were consistent with the expected structures for these two ATRP macroinitiators. A range of well-defined, Y-shaped, pH-responsive or thermoresponsive block copolymers was synthesized using these macroinitiators by polymerizing various hydrophilic methacrylic monomers via ATRP in methanol at 20 °C. The stimulus-responsive micellization of selected Y-shaped block copolymers in aqueous solution was investigated by 1H NMR, dynamic light scattering (DLS), and surface tensiometry. For comparative purposes, their linear diblock copolymer counterparts were also synthesized, and their micellization properties in aqueous solution were investigated....


Medication non-adherence is a common precipitant of heart failure (HF) hospitalization and is associated with poor outcomes. Recent analyses of national data focus on long-term medication adherence. Little is known about adherence of HF patients immediately following hospitalization. Hospitalized HF patients were identified from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study. ARIC data were linked to Medicare inpatient and Part D claims from 2006–2009. Inclusion criteria were: a chart adjudicated diagnosis of acute decompensated or chronic HF; documentation of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor/angiotensin receptor blocker (ACEI/ARB), beta-blocker (BB), or diuretic prescription at discharge; Medicare Part D coverage. Proportion ambulatory days covered (PADC) was calculated for up to twelve 30-day periods after discharge. we typesetting, the citable form. the production process may be discovered the and all legal disclaimers that the pertain. Adherence was defined as ≥80% PADC. We identified 402 participants with Medicare Part D: mean age 75, 30% male, 41% black. Adherence at 1, 3 and 12 months was 70%, 61%, 53% for ACEI/ARB, 76%, 66%, 62% for BB, and 75%, 68%, 59% for diuretic. Adherence to any single drug class was positively correlated with being adherent to other classes. Adherence varied by geographic site/race for ACEI/ARB and BB but not diuretics. In conclusion, despite having Part D coverage, medication adherence post discharge for all three medication classes declined over 2–4 months after discharge, followed by a plateau over the subsequent year. Interventions should focus on early and sustained adherence.


A year-round study was conducted in the Colorado River, USA, to examine microdistributions and feeding habits of the filter-feeding Trichoptera (caddisflies) Arctopsyche grandis, Brachycentrus occidentalis and Hydropsyche cockerelli. Only one significant relationship was found between individual rock surface area and the density of larvae during the sampling periods. Contrary to our predictions that current-exposed microhabitats would be selected, all species occurred primarily on the bottom and lower lateral sides of rocks at all sites. Clumped distributions in the absence of spatial segregation by size class suggest common microhabitat preferenda for species and instars. Organic seston in the study reach consisted primarily of detritus, diatoms and Closterium sp. (a green alga). The diets of B. occidentalis and H. cockerelli generally corresponded with the observed proportions of food resources in the seston. Based on HORN's index, we found high intraspecific dietary overlap for A. grandis and H. cockerelli. Dietary overlap was usually lower between A. grandis and other species. Dietary overlap between B. occidentalis and H. cockerelli larvae was high for most months. Ontogenetic niche shifts, especially in microhabitat use, were demonstrated in this study. The similar use of microhabitat, and the species-specific feeding habits by the filter-feeding Trichoptera suggest that examining relationships at a finer scale is important for a more thorough understanding of species' habitat requirements and overall distribution patterns.


Ertel's potential vorticity theorem is essentially a clever combination of two conservation principles. The result is a conserved scalar @ that accurately reflects possible vorticity values that fluid parcels can possess and acts as a tracer for fluid flow. While true at large scales in the ocean and atmosphere, at increasingly smaller scales and in sharply curved fronts, its accuracy breaks down. This is because Earth's rotation imparts angular momentum to fluid parcels and the conservation of absolute angular momentum ! restricts the range of centripetal accelerations possible in balanced flow; this correspondingly restricts vorticity. To address this discrepancy, we revisit Ertel's original derivation and obtain a new conserved scalar !@ that more properly reflects the behavior of fluid parcels at these small horizontal scales. Application of the theorem is briefly discussed, with an emphasis on better understanding oceanic submesoscale and polar mesoscale flows.


The current status and problems were analyzed in this paper.The conclusions were as follows:maize varieties renovated slowly;territorial planting area according to different varieties was limited;low and secondary yield field were mainly document;transform of maize production lagged behind;narrow basic of maize germplasm,lack of excellent inbred line and hybrids and imperfect technology of cultivating high yield.Strategic countermeasure of maize production and breeding development in Heilongjiang Province were that modulating variety distribution,spreading high quality maize varieties,increasing research investment,catching field exploitation of low or secondary yield.It is of great significance to enhance and stabilize maize yield and innovate maize germplasm by utilizing inimitable zonal superiority and using modern technology.


This paper presents some of the main imaging properties introduced with the design of a possible new EUV High-NA (NA > 0.5) exposure system with anamorphic projection lens, a concept not new in optics but applied for the first time in semiconductor lithography. The system is projected to use a demagnification of 4 in the X-direction and of 8 in the Y-direction. We show that a new definition of the Mask Error Factor needs to be used in order to describe correctly the property introduced by the anamorphic optics. Moreover, for both 1-Dimensional (1D) and 2-Dimensional (2D) features the reticle writing error in the low demagnification direction X is more critical than the error in high demagnification direction Y. The effects of the change in demagnification on imaging are described on an elementary case, and are ultimately linked to the basic physical phenomenon of diffraction.


The structure of oxide glass consists of relatively well defined oxide polyhedra, with significant disorder in the linkages between these groups. We review recent progress in understanding these structures, including the length scales over which they exist, and how they may be modified chemically. We discuss two primary experimental methods: nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and neutron diffraction. We explain how several methods for achieving high resolution in solid-state NMR may be applied to glasses, and how the data from NMR and neutron diffraction may be used together to generate large models that are consistent with both sets. Specific examples are used to illustrate these points, including glasses based on borates, phosphates and tellurites.


Capital control is the major policy tool used by developing countries to avoid capital flight,so it is only natural that the effectiveness of capital control really matters.In this paper we discuss the effectiveness performance in different countries and under different macroeconomic environments,and concludes with some policy considerations particularly in China's perspective.


A possibility to accelerate a high intensity polarized proton beam up to 70 GeV at the IHEP accelerator, extract it from the main ring and deliver to several experimental setups is being studied now. We propose to study a wealth of single- and double-spin observables in various reactions using longitudinally and transverserly polarized proton beams at U70. The proposed measurements can be done at the existing detectors as well as require to create a few new experimental setups at U70.


We investigated the hydrolytic precipitation process with regard to purification of low-purity vanadium pentoxide (V2O5) to obtain high-purity vanadium electrolyte (VE) of a vanadium redox flow battery (VRFB). The lowest purities of VE and V2O5 for VRFB, which were reviewed through the purity analysis of commercial VE, were found to be 99.98% and 99.8%, respectively. The hydrolytic precipitation process applied to V2O5 powder with 99.7% and 98.3% purity resulted in V2O5 powder with a purity higher than 99.8%. However, the V2O5 powder contained impurities such as Fe and Ga. To further improve the purity, a two-step process comprising red cake precipitation was applied. However, this process exhibited a low vanadium recovery rate; therefore, development of a new single purification process with a high vanadium recovery rate is required.


Computer-aided automatic cephalometric landmark localization has been a hot topic since last century. Recent proposed deep learning-based methods have made great contributions to this research topic. Among them, convolutional neural networks (CNN)-based regression is widely used, where ground-truth (GT) information is mainly used in the calculation of loss function, thus, mimics the difference between the predicted landmarks ' locations and the ground-truth locations through backpropagation. However, considering the limited number of annotated cephalometric data, we believe the performance can be better improved by better utilizing ground-truth information. In this paper, we propose a teacher-student learning method using GT images for accurate cephalometric detection. We first use images composed with GT landmarks as input images to train a detection model, which is treated as a teacher model. Then the teacher model is used to guide a student model, which is trained by original images, by transferring useful features. We believe the features between GT images and original images have similar domain distribution since they both represent same structure. We validate our method on public grand challenge dataset. Our method achieves better performance compared with state-of-the-art methods.


Adomian's decomposition approach is employed for solving some inverse boundary value problems in heat conduction. Further, the mollification method is applied to deal with noisy input data and obtain a stable approximate solution.


The present paper contains a detailed account of the development of the hepatic venous system and the postcaval vein in a number of genera of Marsupials, including representatives of both the Polyprotodontia and the Diprotodontia. It is supplementary to the account of the development of the pancreas, the pancreatic and hepatic ducts in Trichosurus, published in 1918. The development of the hepatic veins is shown to be subject to considerable variation in the different genera studied. On the other hand, the origin of the postcaval appears to be essentially uniform throughout the group, and consequently I have been able to restrict my observations on its development mainly to one genus, viz., Dasyurus. I take this opportunity of stating that I have confirmed in all respects Prof. J. P. Hill's unpublished observations on the development of the postcaval and associated veins in Perameles. The material examined belongs to Prof. Hill's collection of Marsupials and the descriptive details of embryos and pouch-young are taken from his note-books.


Acute rhinosinusitis treatment and prevention is connected to the rational choice of drug dosage form, which will provide the therapeutic effect and the safety of a drug substance or a drug substance complex. Nasal spray with Enisamium Iodide can be used to nasal congestion relief in acute rhinosinusitis because the active substance has an anti-exudative action. Nasal endoscopy could be used in experimental rhinology as a method for direct pathology visualization and for evaluation of the effectiveness of test drugs.
Aim: To substantiate Enisamium Iodide (nasal spray) 10 mg/mL effectiveness on maxillary sinus ostium via nasal endoscopy in rabbits with experimental rhinosinusitis.
Methods: As a test object was used Enisamium Iodide (nasal spray). As a reference drug, we used BNO-101. Experimental rhinosinusitis was induced in the 1st day. On the 1st , 15th and 25th days in all groups (four groups, six rabbits in each group), we used nasal endoscopy and semi-quantitative assessment to the result objectivity.
Results: The total score in the intact control group was 0 (0÷0) on the 15th and 25th days (physiological state). The total score in the control pathology group was 2.0 (2.0÷2.0) and 2.0 (1.0÷2.0) (severe rhinosinusitis) respectively. The total score in Enisamium Iodide treated group was 2.0 (1.0÷2.0) (severe rhinosinusitis) and 0.0 (0.0÷1.0) (physiological state). The total score in BNO-101 treated group was 2.0 (1.0÷2.0) (severe rhinosinusitis) and 1.0 (1.0÷1.0) (mild rhinosinusitis).
Conclusions: Nasal endoscopy can be used as an informative visual method. Enisamium Iodide (nasal spray) has been shown a positive effect by endoscopic evaluation of maxillary sinus ostium and exceeded activity of the reference drug.


[Objective] To evaluate the efficacy of the severe hepatitis patients treated with plasauto IQ plasma exchange. [Methods] 62 candidates (82 times) were employed in the treatment of Plasma exchange with plasauto IQ (3 000~4 000 mL/times), to evaluate the clinical effect pre and post treat. [Results] The total effect rate reached 80.5%, the survival rate was 62.9 %. Symptoms of patients treated with plasma exchange were improved. The plasma level of endotoxin (LPS) and TNF-a reduced remarkablely (P 0.01). Comparing the levels of aminotransferase, albumin, globulin, total bilirubin, PTA, CHE and plasma endotoxin in sera of patients pre and post treat, there was significant difference (P 0.01). There was significant difference of the clinical death rate treated first with plasauto IQ plasma exchange in different stages and different times. (Early stage 5.3% vs mid-stage 20.0% vs late-stage 69.6%, P 0.01 and 2 times/candidate vs 1 times/candidate: 8.3% vs 39.1%,P 0.01). The side effects were very limited. [Conclusion] Plasauto IQ plasma exchange is effective in treating severe hepatitis and reducing the clinical death rate. And it can improve remarkably symptoms and hepatic function of patients. To treat in the early stage and appropriate times,clinical effect will be better.


I had an experience on a placement that left me with a different way of looking at nursing and what it means to be there for someone. I was offered the chance to gain some experience by accompanying a patient to another hospital for chemotherapy. This was to be the first chemotherapy treatment for the woman, who was newly diagnosed with various lesions on her liver and lungs and one on her spine.


Humanized office space design can create a good,comfortable office environment.The article uses Mondrian new form design concept,follows the stable,dignified and well-balanced design aesthetic needs in the office space to reflect people-oriented design theme and considers office space,office space carrier and characteristics of office staff to make rational space planning and design in view of Jinan traffic information center office space.


CoRoT photometric measurements of asteroseismic targets n e d complementary ground-based spectroscopic observations. We are u sing the planet-hunter HARPS spectrograph attached to the 3.6m-ESO telescope in th framework of two consecutive Large Programmes. We discuss its use to study li ne-profile variations and we report on a specific result obtained for the δ Sct star HD 170699.


In this paper,the nonlinear finite element analysis of beams with fiber-reinforced polymers(FRP) bars and steel reinforcement is introduced.The results prove that FRP bars can enhance the load carrying capacity of the beam only with steel reinforcement and the hybrid reinforcement can improve the ductility of the beam only with FRP bars.


ABSTRACT In this study we are interested in the predictive incremental validity of a Q-sort on self image at work; the items are derived from the five factor model (FFM) used in addition to a test of general mental ability, Domino70. The grades obtained by a sample of 120 students were the criterion. The results confirm that the dimension of Conscientiousness shows good predictive position, as well as, more specifically the dimension of Agreeableness. We also show that the personological trait does not intervene directly on the level of academic success. It is mediated by a causal chain extending from the normative proximity or distance of self image to a prototype model created by professors, while the second mediating variable is the coherence of choices as compared to the FFM dimensions. KEYWORDS: predictive validity, personality questionnaire, five factor model, implicative statistic analysis. THEORETICAL BACKGROUND Personality questionnaires are largely used in clinical examination, skill evaluation or even in recruitment (Bruchon-Schweitzer & Ferrieux, 1991). Among them, those that are based on the five factors model FFM (McCrae & Costa, 2006) are frequently used. When a practitioner confines to a goal of describing a personality profile he will be able to support his interpretation on the grounds of validity studies of traits construction and of their disposition, as well as of concurrent criterion predictive validity studies. On the contrary, if the practitioner wants to establish a successful prediction at work, or training, he will have to take into account the criterion predictive validity studies made for the questionnaire that is used1. First, we took into account results of the studies related to the predictive validity of the FFM based questionnaires. The outcome is that the interest in this type of sample is situated at the incremental validity level. The goal of this paper is to make a replication of this type of result, starting from an original personality questionnaire constructed in a Q-sort format, the self image questionnaire at work - Q-ISAT - (Pasquier, 2007) and of D70 (Pichot, 1970) as factor g test. The study was conducted on a sample of 120 students from the Polytechnic University of Timisoara. As academic success criterion we used the overall grades students received from their professors. In addition to the ordinary correlation analyses, we employed a comprehensive approach of the subjacent process with predictive value, using the implicative statistical analysis - I.S.A. (Gras, Kuntz, & Briand, 2001). The first predictive validity studies of the questionnaires coming from FFM supported mostly pessimistic conclusions related to the possibility of performance levels predictions by means of personality inventories (Ellis & Conrad, 1948; Guion & Gottier, 1965; Schmitt, Gooding, Noe, & Kirsch, 1984). Ghiselli and Barthol (1953) calculate predicting/criteria correlations from 0.14 to 0.36 with a central tendancy of 0.22. Guion and Gottier (1965) conclude that a predictive validity of personality inventories very seldom exceeded a correlation of 0.30. Schmitt et al. (1984) give middle values of 0.21. Starting with 1990, several studies provide their results in a clearly more optimistic manner, emphasizing the stronger guarantees offered by the use of FFM, which insure a better basis for analyses, as compared to the concern for making the professional success evaluation criteria reliable and homogeneous and as compared to the analysis techniques used, better adjusted to the issue to be discussed. Tett and Jackson (1991) show that by means of confirmatory studies and after the adjustment of the criterion values and of the predictor, the following validities are obtained: -0.22 for neuroticism; 0.15 for extraversion; 0.27 for openness to experience; 0.32 for agreeableness and 0.17 for conscientiousness. The same year, Barrick and Mount (1991) propose 0. …


Since quite a long while nanoparticles (NPs) are created by businesses and utilized in a few fields of exercises. They are at long last found in amphibian and earthbound conditions, where they are ingested by living creatures in which they amass, before being disposed of. In life forms, NPs speak to remote components with their very own physicochemical properties because of their little size. So NPs may meddle with the typical physiological instruments of the developing lives, developing creatures, and grown-ups, and it is crucial to comprehend their conceivably immediate or aberrant hurtful consequences for living beings. It has been as of now demonstrated that NPs could be harmful to microscopic organisms, green growth, spineless creatures, and vertebrates. In this audit, a few instances of late investigations are given. We will inspect progressively the impacts of NPs on earthbound and semiaquatic and sea-going vertebrate and invertebrate creatures.


We investigate the aspect ratio and thickness dependence of magnetic domain formation in multiple types of ferromagnetic Ni nanolayer electrode patterns. Controlling magnetic domains is critical for spintronic devices using a group IV semiconductor, e.g. Si and Ge, nanowire as the electrodes with magnetic tunnel junction require parallel and anti-parallel magnetization configurations. Single magnetic domains are obtained in the Ni nanolayer electrode patterns on SiO2/Si substrate with an aspect ratio of 20 and a thickness of 40 nm even under the as-deposition condition, while other electrode patterns are mostly showing multiple magnetic domains. The results obtained by magnetic force microscopy also show that the magnetization switching is observed in the electrode pattern with a single magnetic domain. The results in this study show that the suitable design of the dimensions of nanolayer patterns is key to constructing a single magnetic domain in a ferromagnetic electrode for nanowire spintronic devices.


The members of fruit and vegetable supply chain usually have little willingness to transfer real information about quality,freshness and other related information of their products.This will lead to information asymmetry.Then the members of downstream supply chain have to bear most of the risk.In view of the above unreasonable fact,this paper chose farming-supermarket docking supply chain as research subject and established the risk-sharing model of fruit and vegetable supply chain based on the principal-agent theory.This model contained variable rwhich meant the degree of risk-sharing effort.Based on this model,the farmer and the supermarket would form a principal-agent contract which took the factor of the farmer's risk-sharing effort into consideration.Comparing this contract with the original contract,this paper drew the conclusion that the new contract would increase the farmer's income and reduce the farmer's risk.The new contract was more reasonable.So the farmer is suggested to transfer more information to the supermarket and share the risk for maximizing the benefit of the supply chain.


Foreword For two decades, the number of police officers shot to death each year has been declining while the number of officers shot has been increasing. The decrease in the lethality of shootings is partly attributable to the increase in wearing of bullet-resistant body armor, especially soft, inconspicuous armor designed to be worn full-time. A prospective purchaser can see how much of the body an armor garment covers but cannot see whether it will stop a particular kind of bullet at a particular velocity and protect the wearer from the impact. To provide benchmarks for protection, the National Institute of Justice issued NIJ Standard 0101.03 in 1987. It specifies standard procedures for testing samples of armor. If samples of a model pass, the NIJ or the manufacturer may certify that the model has the type of ballistic resistance for which it was tested. The standard has been controversial since it was issued. This Report describes the origin of the standard, the rationale for particular provisions, and the main points of controversy, which concern acceptable risks, the validity and discrumination of the test, and the reproducibility of results. OTA finds that resolving these controversies will require specifying acceptable risks quantitatively, performing additional research to test validity, and implementing a quality-control program. To date, all armor of NIJ-certified models has performed as rated in service-but so has uncertified armor, including armor that would fail the test specified by the standard. This has provoked charges that the NIJ test is too stringent and fails to discrimin ate some safe armor from unsafe armor. The validity and discrimination of the test are technical issues that are susceptible to scientific analysis—if the NIJ specifies maximum acceptable risks quantitatively. The Report describes illustrative specifications of acceptable risks and an experimental method for deciding whether the current test, or any proposed alternative, limits the risks as required. It also describes and compares several options for a quality-control program. NOTE: OTA appreciates and is grateful for the valuable assistance and thoughtful critiques provided by the advisory panel members. The panel does not, however, necessarily approve, disapprove, or endorse this report. OTA assumes full responsibility for the report and the accuracy of its contents. v Acknowledgements OTA gratefully acknowledges the assistance of the following individuals and organizations for their help in supplying information or in reviewing drafts of portions of this report. The individuals and organizations listed do not …


Time to market is a vital aspect of electronic product development. When it comes to device technology, the time needed for the device fabrication processes to stabilize is relatively long. At the early stages of any device technology development, manufacturing variations are extensive. They are inevitable and unpredictable. Such manufacturing variations can be used advantageously to improve security and protect hardware and software IP. A physical unclonable function (PUF) uses the device manufacturing variations to extract unique and non-replicable keys which can be used for various applications such as cryptography and IP protection. This paper presents a hybrid oscillator arbiter PUF which uses the manufacturing variations of dopingless field-effect transistors (DLFETs) to achieve non-replicability and the results are compared with the more established FinFETs. The scalability of DLFETs is higher compared to current transistor technologies and the power consumption is lower. There is a 25% reduction in power consumption when compared to a 14 nm FinFET technology. The PUF designs presented in this paper are speed-optimized and power-optimized hybrid oscillator arbiter PUFs. The power-optimal design can be deployed in systems where power consumption should be low and the speed-optimal design can be implemented when speed of operation plays a vital role. Hence, these two designs can be deployed in two different application domains of current technologies such as the of Internet of Things.


Although there are still unfilled pharmacist jobs in hospitals and health systems, the vacancy rate for pharmacists in such settings is as low as it's been in more than a decade, according to a staffing survey by the American Society of Health-System Pharmacists.


An increase in copper concentration in body may lead to hepatolenticular degeneration which is considered as one clinical feature of Wilson's disease. Chelation therapy using d-penicillamine is the preferred medical treatment for reducing the toxic effects of copper. However, a few shortcomings associated with d-penicillamine led us to search of an alternative antidote for copper toxicity. Monoisoamyl-2, 3-dimercaptosuccinic acid (MiADMSA), a potent arsenic chelator under clinical trial, has been reported to reduce system copper level. Thus, the present study was envisaged to explore the ameliorative effect of MiADMSA against copper toxicity. Copper pre-exposed animals (CuSO4.5H2O; 100 mg/kg; p.o., for 6 weeks) were segregated in different groups and were administered equimolar dose (0.3 mEq/kg/day; p.o.) of d-penicillamine and MiADMSA for 5 days. The effect of different treatments on spontaneous locomotor activity, muscle coordination, depression like behaviour and contextual fear memory was analysed using neurobehavioural battery test. Biochemical variables related to oxidative stress, zinc and copper concentration were determined in liver, kidney and brain. The results suggested that copper exposure led to oxidative stress in liver, kidney and blood, along with moderate effects in brain. Treatment with d-penicillamine and MiADMSA reduced liver copper load. MiADMSA produced more pronounced beneficial effect compared to d-penicillamine by increasing brain GPx activity. Our study suggests that MiADMSA might be equally effective as d-penicillamine in depleting body copper load. More detailed studies using different doses are required to suggest whether MiADMSA could be an alternative for d-penicillamine in reducing oxidative injury, neurobehavioural changes and depleting body copper burden.


In the last few years, with the growing of multimedia in Internet, MP3 music become one of the most popular types. Some of the MP3 music collections available are approaching the scale of million tracks and this has posed a major challenge for searching, retrieving, and organizing music content. In this paper, we proposed a method to retrieve the MP3 lossy compression format music by using MFCC features. The Kullback-Leibler Divergence and Earth Mover's Distance (EMD) are used to compute music similarity. Experiments show that the retrieving probability of our design can achieve high recall values of 95% out of a total of 1951 tracks in the database.


This paper reports a semi-automated workflow for detection and quantification of forest damage from windthrow in an Alpine region, in particular from the Vaia storm in October 2018. A web-GIS platform allows to select the damaged area by drawing polygons; several vegetation indices (VIs) are automatically calculated using remote sensing data (Sentinel-2A) and tested to identify the more suitable ones for quantifying forest damage using cross-validation with ground-truth data. Results show that the mean value of NDVI and NDMI decreased in the damaged areas, and have a strong negative correlation with severity. RGI has an opposite behavior in contrast with NDVI and NDMI, as it highlights the red component of the land surface. In all cases, variance of the VI increases after the event between 0.03 and 0.15. Understorey not damaged from the windthrow, if consisting of 40% or more of the total cover in the area, undermines significantly the sensibility of the VIs to detecting and predicting severity. Using aggregational statistics (average and standard deviation) of VIs over polygons as input to a machine learning algorithm, i.e., Random Forest, results in severity prediction with regression reaching a root mean square error (RMSE) of 9.96, on a severity scale of 0–100, using an ensemble of area averages and standard deviations of NDVI, NDMI, and RGI indices. The results show that combining more than one VI can significantly improve the estimation of severity, and web-GIS tools can support decisions with selected VIs. The reported results prove that Sentinel-2 imagery can be deployed and analysed via web-tools to estimate forest damage severity and that VIs can be used via machine learning for predicting severity of damage, with careful evaluation of the effect of understorey in each situation.


The utility model discloses a multifunctional single-people-carried tool, and belongs to the field of carried tools. The multifunctional single-people-carried tool is characterized by comprising a shoulder belt, a waistband, a multifunctional holster, an independent holster, a carried tool storing bag, a tool storing bag and a small-sized storing pocket, wherein the shoulder belt comprises a front body side and a back side which are opposite; the waistband is connected with a back sling of the back side through a shoulder sling of the front body side and is arranged at the waist part by a quickly-detached insert hole; the multifunctional holster is fixed at the outer side of a right leg by virtue of insert hole belts seamed at two sides of the multifunctional holster and is connected with the waistband through the slings; and the independent holster, the carried tool storing bag, the tool storing bag and the small-sized storing pocket are arranged at the optional position of the waistband by fixed loops. The multifunctional single-people-carried tool has the beneficial effects that the structure is simple, safe and reliable, the loading functions can be simultaneously endowed to the upper body, the waist and the legs of a user, the practicability and the functionality are strong, the load bearing is uniform, the wearing is simple and easy, the moving of the user is convenient, and the practicability is higher.


Introduction: Medication safety requires monitoring throughout a drug's market life. Early detection of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) can lead to alerts that prevent patient harm. Recently, electronic medical records (EMRs) have emerged as a valuable resource for pharmacovigilance. This study examines the use of retrospective medication orders and inpatient laboratory results in the EMR to identify ADRs. Methods: Using 12 years of EMR data, we designed a study to correlate abnormal laboratory results with specific drug orders by comparing outcomes of a drug-exposed group and a matched unexposed group. We assessed the relative merits of six pharmacovigilance methods used in spontaneous reporting systems (SRS), including proportional reporting ratio (PRR), reporting odds ratio (ROR), Yule's Q, the Chi-square test, Bayesian confidence propagation neural networks (BCPNN) and a gamma Poisson shrinker (GPS). The time of admission was set as "day zero" and all drug orders and laboratory results timings were represented as days elapsed since that time until discharge. Each patient in the exposed group was randomly matched to four unexposed patients by age group, gender, race, and major diagnoses based on ICD9 codes.


[Objective] The study aimed to explore the nutritive components of Chinese dates in different producing areas of north Shaanxi so as to provide basis for development and utilization of functional dates products in north Shaanxi.[Method] With dates from different producing areas of Shaanxi Yulin as raw material,their total sugar,flavonoids,vitamin C and general nutritive component contents were analyzed.[Result] The results indicated that total sugar and vitamin C contents mainly related to the producing area.The dates of Sheyuli township in Qingjian county and Tong town in Jiaxian county were least in total sugar content,but highest in vitamin C content.The flavonoids content mainly related to the variety,which was highest in small dates and least in big dates of Sheyuli township in Qingjian county and Tong town in Jiaxian county.[Conclusion] Taking the small dates of Sheyuli township in Qingjian county and Tong town in Jiaxian county as the functional food would have higher development value.


Methods of isolating spaces formed between features in an array during a pitch reduction process and semiconductor device structures having the same. In one embodiment, ends of the features are widerthan middle regions of the features. During the pitch reduction process, spacer sidewalls formed between adjacent ends of the features come into substantial contact with one another, isolating the spaces between the features. In another embodiment, the features have a single width and an additional feature is located near ends of the features. Spacer sidewalls formed between adjacent features andthe additional feature come into substantial contact with one another, isolating the spaces between the features.


Based on theoretical analyses and the results of tests, the paper studies concretebounding surface constitutive relationships. The behavior of the material under multi-axial loadingis taken into account completely and accurately in the relationships. It is shown that therelationships are simple and effective in nonlinear finite element analysis.


The trenchless technology known as pipe ramming for construction of culverts and buried pipes under roadways or other infrastructure has gained significant popularity due to its cost-effectiveness and ability to alleviate surface disruptions associated with open-cut trenching. Although the experience with pipe ramming is increasing, there has been remarkably little technical guidance available for engineers to appropriately specify aspects of a pipeline or culvert installation, including the planning of feasible layouts, rates of penetration, pipe diameters, and hammers. This research provides a comprehensive engineering framework for evaluation of culvert installations at the planning phase to address the gaps in knowledge associated with pipe ramming. Presently there are no existing and proven techniques for prediction of settlement, vibration, driving stresses, soil resistance to ramming, and drivability for pipe ramming installations. This study has adopted existing drivability, soil resistance, settlement, and vibration prediction models from pipe jacking, microtunneling, and pile driving models and examined their applicability in pipe ramming installations, resulting in new and technology-specific design guidance. The development of this comprehensive engineering guidance is based on engineering calculations empirically tuned using a database of actual performance measurements. Field observations of five production installations and a full-scale experiment were conducted to form the performance database employed to understand the mechanics associated with pipe ramming installations, ranging from vertical ground movements, ground vibrations, and installation performance. Settlement prediction was evaluated using the inverted normal probability distribution based models, and these methods over-estimated the observed settlements close to the center of the pipes and under-estimated settlements at radial distances away from the pipe. A pipe-ramming-specific hyperbolic model was developed for better prediction of the vertical settlement induced by pipe ramming in granular soils. Attenuation of observed pipe ramming-induced vibrations was modeled using a simple semi-empirical approach, and the calibrated model resulted in reasonable predictions of the ground vibrations for granular soils. The static soil resistance to ramming was evaluated using the traditional quasi-static pipe jacking models and the models resulted in inaccurate predictions for instrumented pipe ramming installations. Therefore pipe ramming-specific static soil resistance models were developed for both the face and casing resistance in granular soils. Principles of stress wave theory routinely applied in the drivability analyses for pile foundations were adopted for the evaluation of the dynamic response of pipes during ramming. Reliable estimates of the static soil resistance and dynamic soil parameters were obtained through signal matching processes. Data-informed drivability analysis were performed to simulate the magnitude of driving stresses and develop drivability curves which relate the penetration resistance of a given pipe and hammer to the range of static soil resistances. The study culminates in the first comprehensive framework and recommendations for the installation of pipes by ramming, and should help owners, consultants, and contractors to appropriately plan pipe ramming installations.


Life in the WaterPART I: Identification, Distribution and Abundances1. Whales and dolphins2. The dugong3. Seals, sea lions and fur sealsPART II: Origins and Biology4. Evolution5. Reproduction6. Life cycles7. Seasonal movements8. Communication9. Behaviour10. Food and Foraging11. Diving12. Thermoregulation13. Strandings14. Disease, medicine and mortalityPART III: Humans and Marine Mammals15. Where to see marine mammals16. Historical interactions17. Human impacts and resource management18. LegislationGlossaryFurther ReadingIndex