Switched reluctance linear motors (SRLMs) has been applied more and more in the industrial field due to its simple structure, low cost, large starting force and small starting current. However, due to the double salient structure of SRLM and its work in the nonlinear region, the force ripple and noise problems are the main factors restricting the development of SRLMs. The force ripple usually appears in the communication area, and the main reason is the dropping force of outgoing phase can't match with the rising force of the incoming phase. By controlling the forces of outgoing phase and incoming phase, the force distribution function (FDF) is an ideal method to reduce the force ripple in the communication area. However, the controller calculation takes time and the motor has inductance, so the current change always lags behind the reference electromagnetic force change, which reduces the control effect of FDF. According to the disadvantages of FDF, in this paper, a method of Predictive-Fuzzy control is proposed. By predicting the force in the future, the current can be controlled in advance. After the force is predicted, an executive part is needed. Fuzzy controller because of its good stability, rapidity, and no need for precise and complex mathematical models, so it is suitable for the control of SRLMs. In this paper, two different fuzzy set segmentation methods are used, and the parameters of Fuzzy control adopt an adaptive method. Perform experimental verification on a 6/4 bilateral SRLM, compared with FDF, the method proposed in this paper has better force ripple suppression performance.


This single factorial designed experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary protein levels on whole-body protein turnover of 6.6~10 kg piglets.Twenty-five(6.64±0.5) kg,(21±1) d,DLY(Duroc×Landrace×Yorkshire) weaning piglets were randomly allocated into five treatments(5 replicates per treatment,1 piglet per replicate) and fed five graded levels(14%,17%,20%,23% and 26%) of protein diets respectively.The protein composition and amino acid pattern in five diets were kept the same.And whole experiment lasted for 14 days.The experimental results showed that whole-body nitrogen flux(WBNF),protein synthesis(WBPS),protein breakdown(WBPB),protein accretion(WBPA) and PA/PS increased,while after dietary protein level reached 23%,whole-body protein turnover parameters were decreased with the elevation of dietary protein levels(P0.05).It indicated that threshold exists in the response of whole-body protein turnover of 6.6~10 kg piglet to dietary protein level and the "threshold" protein level is 23%.


Ultra High Performance Fiber Reinforced Concrete (UHPFRC) is a new generation of fiber reinforced cementitious composite with enhanced mechanical and durability property. The use of UHPFRC in prefabricated bridge deck design was the focus of recent research program, which has included experimental testing at the Laboratoire Central des Ponts et Chaussées (within the French national project MIKTI) and numerical modeling at University College Dublin. The bridge deck system derives from the project designed by the "CETE de Lyon" Engineering office. It is a light two way slabs of only 14 cm in equivalent thickness, pre stressed in the transverse direction, and supported on longitudinal steel beams. A longitudinal post-tensioning system and concrete joints between adjacent modules provide continuity of load transfer in the bridge span direction. The detailed design of this innovative structure has been carried out by applying newly drawn recommendations on UHPFRC. The global response to loading and the fatigue resistance to global / local loading represent major features of the research investigation. A 3D damage model has been implemented in a finite element method to predict the mechanical behavior of the pre-stressed modules during the full-scale experiments, including the contact problem between the post-tensioned segments. 7 International Conference on "Short and Medium Span Bridge", Montreal, Canada, 22-24 August, 2006 Sorelli, "UHPC Bridge", 2/10


Do entrepreneurial opportunities exist, independent of the perceptions of entrepreneurs, just waiting to be discovered? Or, are these opportunities created by the actions of entrepreneurs? Two internally consistent theories of how entrepreneurial opportunities are formed—discovery theory and creation theory—are described. While it will always be possible to describe the formation of a particular opportunity as an example of a discovery or creation process, these two theories do have important implications for the effectiveness of a wide variety of entrepreneurial actions in different contexts. The implications of these theories for seven of these actions are described, along with a discussion of some of the broader theoretical implications of these two theories for the fields of entrepreneurship and strategic management


Background: Marital disturbance widely impact the quality of marriage in couples. Besides, the lack of communication skills among couples is considered as one of the most significant personal factors influencing marriage distress. Therefore, this research aimed to determine the impact of communication skills training on marital disturbance. Methods: In this interventional study, the target population was all couples residing in the marginal regions of Birjand City, in 2016. Sixty couples (N=120) were randomly selected and assigned into two groups of intervention (30 couples) and control (30 couples). The data collection instrument consisted of two sections of private information and the Pines couple burnout measure. Results: Educational intervention was conducted for the intervention group in six sessions of 120 minutes. The questionnaire was completed before and three months after the intervention, in both groups. Then, the obtained data were analyzed using the chi-squared test, independent t-test, and paired t-test, considering the significant level of 0.05, in SPSS V. 18. The Mean±SD age was 32.27±6.24 years and 34.85±5.74 years in the intervention and control groups, respectively. Also, the Mean±SD marriage life of couples was 7.33±5.29 years and 9.57±5.73 years in the intervention and control groups, respectively. Conclusion: The mean of marital disturbance modifications, marital distress, and physical and emotional loss significantly differed between the intervention and control groups (P<0.05). Communication skills training can significantly reduce marital distress and its dimensions, including physical, emotional, and mental retardation, in couples living in the suburb.


Vapor pressures as low as of order 10−8 mm Hg (10−10 atm) have been determined by measuring the diffusion‐controlled evaporation rates of single submicron droplets suspended in an electric field in the path of a laser beam. Using Mie theory to ascertain the droplet radius as a function of time from light‐scattering data, the vapor pressures of dioctyl phthalate (DOP), dibutyl sebacate (DBS), and dibutyl phthalate (DBP) have been determined at temperatures near room temperature. In addition to vapor pressures, heats of vaporization and Lennard‐Jones molecular interaction parameters are determined from the experiments.


Eng. Doc. Executive Summary The research work illustrates the setup of a new and unique cross-functional unit called "The Customer Responsiveness Center" or "the CRC". The objective of this center is to improve total service quality management through individual employees and teamwork. The ultimate objectives are employee satisfaction and customer loyalty. Forming the CRC in this way is an innovative approach for a traditionally technology focused organization where the fundamental objective is Total Customer Satisfaction. Before, not much work has been done in the organization to understand total service quality, to explore the power of people, and to demonstrate results from real teamwork. The author accepts this challenge. The Customer Responsiveness Center is a vehicle for promoting Total Service Quality and people involvement. It is crucial to making the company's Total Customer Satisfaction objective possible. The concept that employee satisfaction precedes customer satisfaction is expanded through this literature research. This is a different belief from the common saying: The customer always comes first. There is no doubt in the author's mind that when employees come first, they will develop happy customers. The author proves his belief correct with his own Total Service Quality Management (TSQM) model in the CRC. The Quality and Speed Team (QuST) process initiated by the author creates a positive environment for the CRC team to promote total service quality concepts. "QuST" is an innovative culture development process focusing on Total Quality, Speed of Execution and Teamwork. "QuST" is also a unique process derived from the Total Quality Management concept. The CRC team also attempts to break the traditional business cycle barriers to reengineer for better results. This includes: making possible the shipment of China manufactured semiconductors to Taiwan; reducing the total logistics and distribution cycle time; and closing down the customer service department in Hong Kong


Ii had been struggling with this, my first editorial, for some time, and had just about arrived at a version that suited me. However, before attempting to put the finishing touches on it, I decided to get in the proper frame of mind by taking one of my frequent early morning bicycle rides. That ride was never completed. While cranking along a bike lane just outside Tucson, I was crunched from the rear by-of all things-a pickup truck belonging to a porta-potty company. My beautiful gold bike was completely trashed, and ended up with a fractured left scapula, multiple contusions and abrasions, and a lot of road rash. In addition, I was pretty badly bruised and scraped. I do seem to be mending, though, and hope to be riding again within a couple of months. So much for the war stories.


Background: In today's world, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and hypertension have become universal, and a large number of patients are living with diabetes mellitus and hypertension, which often coexist. The core idea of this study was the development of bilayer tablets collected from two unlike categories of drugs through a straightforward and easy-to-scale-up approach.
Objective: In the present investigation, a bilayer tablet of Gliclazide and Nimodipine was developed to enhance long-suffering patient compliance. The objective of the current investigation was to develop a bilayer dosage form of Gliclazide and Nimodipine for oral route of administration that will liberate Nimodipine immediately and Gliclazide for 12 hrs. to increase the oral bioavailability of the drug.
Methodology: The immediate-release (IR) sheet was developed by a variety of super-disintegrants like Crospovidone, Croscarmellose sodium, and sodium starch glycolate, and the sustained-release (SR) sheet was developed by a variety of polymers like Hydroxy Propyl Methyl Cellulose (HPMC), Hydroxy Propyl Cellulose (HPC), and Eudragit. Initially, the Gliclazide sheet was positioned in the die cavity and compacted. Then Nimodipine sheet was placed in the die cavity and compacted with a most favourable hardness of 6–8 kg/cm2 to get bilayer tablets.
Results and Discussion: The in-vitro drug release of Nimodipine was 97% in 30 minutes and Gliclazide was 98% in 12 hours. The drug release of Gliclazide was only 4.7% in the first 30 minutes; it showed that drug release of Gliclazide was negligible up to 30 minutes. The addition of sodium lauryl sulfate to the (IR) sheet and dissolution medium (SR) improved the drug release from both sheets.
Conclusion: The current research concluded that the selected bilayer tablet was found good to treat diabetes mellitus and hypertension by the chronological release of both drugs from a developed bilayer tablet. Also, this bilayer tablet reduces the dosage frequency.


Civic education has been idealized and assigned the mission of preparing critical thinking, responsible, participating, multidimensional citizens. But on the other hand,civic education is also charged with the responsibility of moralizing the citizens into characters like punctuality, obedience, docility, and deference. It is also used to serve the function of instilling the sense of national identity, unquestioned loyalty to the nation state and patriotism. Many Asian countries have strong elements of nationalistic education in their civic education. In 1996, one year before the return of sovereignty of Hong Kong to Chinas, a new official Guidelines on Civic Education in Schools (1996), proposing a curriculum framework with equal emphasis on human rights education, education for democracy, education for rule of law, nationalistic education, global education and education for critical thinking was introduced by the Education Department, which is to be implemented in schools starting from September of 1996. After 1 July, 1997, there was a very strong pressure from the society, asking for more nationalistic education and more schools were taking the initiative to implement nationalistic education. This paper attempts to (1) construct a framework to study the understanding of nationalism of teachers implementing nationalistic education in Hong Kong secondary schools and (2) construct a framework to study whether the practice of nationalistic education in schools is guided by good practice of civic education. The authors can be contacted at: Yan Wing Leung : email@example.com, Murray Print : email@example.com


The influence of size of the scatterer on the image contrast for polarization-based range-gated imaging in turbid media is investigated here by Monte Carlo method. Circularly polarized light would be more efficient to eliminate the noise photons for both the isotropic medium as well as the anisotropic medium, as compared with linearly polarized light. The improvement in contrast is pronounced for isotropic medium using either linear or circular polarization. The plausible explanations for these observations are also presented.


There are many methods for the evaluation of ubiquitous computing (ubicomp) applications. These evaluations usually require an autonomous system, or use scenarios or storyboards instead.We suggest ...


In this paper, we introduce a new theoretical framework built upon fractional Sobolev-type spaces involving Riemann-Liouville (RL) fractional integrals/derivatives, which is naturally arisen from exact representations of Chebyshev expansion coefficients, for optimal error estimates of Chebyshev approximations to functions with limited regularity. The essential pieces of the puzzle for the error analysis include (i) fractional integration by parts (under the weakest possible conditions), and (ii) generalised Gegenbauer functions of fractional degree (GGF-Fs): a new family of special functions with notable fractional calculus properties. Under this framework, we are able to estimate the optimal decay rate of Chebyshev expansion coefficients for a large class of functions with interior and endpoint singularities, which are deemed suboptimal or complicated to characterize in existing literature. We can then derive optimal error estimates for spectral expansions and the related Chebyshev interpolation and quadrature measured in various norms, and also improve the available results in usual Sobolev spaces of integer regularity exponentials in several senses. As a by-product, this study results in some analytically perspicuous formulas particularly on GGF-Fs, which are potentially useful in spectral algorithms. The idea and analysis techniques can be extended to general Jacobi spectral approximations.


The main objective of this work is to accelerate the MaximumLikelihood (ML) estimation procedure for radio interferometric direction dependent self-calibration. We introduce the OS-SAGE radio interferometric calibration method, as a combination of the Ordered-Subsets (OS) method with the Space Alternating Generalized Expectation maximization (SAGE) calibration technique. The OS method speeds up the ML estimation and achieves nearly the same level of accuracy of solutions as the one obtained by the nonOS methods. However, the method usually gets stuck at a limit cycle of some suboptimal points and does not converge to a global optimum. We achieve a higher accuracy of calibration by introducing a modified OS-SAGE calibration scheme in which, at the last iteration of the calibration procedure, the suboptimal values obtained by the OS method are considered as the calibration solutions. That ends up the calibration of every dataset with as many solutions as there are sub-observations in that dataset, rather than a common solution, thus improving the calibration's accuracy.


Searchable Symmetric Encryption(SSE) remains to be one of the hot topics in the field of cloud storage technology. However, malicious servers may return incorrect search results intentionally, which will bring significant security risks to users. Therefore, verifiable searchable encryption emerged. In the meantime, single-keyword query limits the applications of searchable encryption. Accordingly, more expressive searchable encryption schemes are desirable. In this paper, we propose a verifiable conjunctive keyword search scheme based on Cuckoo filter (VCKSCF), which significantly reduces verification and storage overhead. Security analysis indicates that the proposed scheme achieves security in the face of indistinguishability under chosen keyword attack and the unforgeability of proofs and search tokens. Meanwhile, the experimental evaluation demonstrates that it achieves preferable performance in real-world settings.


Addition of silica gel to a completed homogeneous metathesis polymerization catalyzed by Cl2(Cy3P)2RuCHPh (1) converts the residue of 1 to a highly effective heterogeneous olefin hydrogenation catalyst. Quantitative olefin hydrogenation of the unsaturated polymer under very mild conditions occurs in the presence of a variety of functional groups. This tandem homogeneous metathesis/heterogeneous hydrogenation procedure is used to prepare commercially relevant polyethylene-based materials, such as sequence ordered ethylene/CO2 and ethylene/CO copolymers as well as telechelic polyethylene.


Middle-distance runners'training before compete moment in their total periodic training is an especial moment.The level of training before compete affects compete results infinitly.Using somatology biothythm theory instruct runners training before compete,we can account to the runners' periodic changing such as physical force,intelligenece,emotion,thereby constitute to training plans scientific and credible,in order that runners appears sport-tidemark and prime in the match.In the paper,we studied how to deal with middle-distance runner's training before compete moment and account to three cosmetology biothythm,which could provide some references for coaches.


In this paper, we present an athermal mechanical investigation of a two‐dimensional silica glass. We generate the network artificially using a Monte Carlo bond switch algorithm and compare our network with experimental results. Using an athermal quasistatic mechanical deformation method, we show that the two‐dimensional network glass reveals ductile fracture behavior, whereas the crystalline polymorph behaves purely brittle.


Desert environments are sensitive to disturbances, and their functions and processes can take many years to recover. Detecting early signs of disturbance is critical, but developing such a capability for expansive remote desert regions is challenging. Using a variogram and 15-cm resolution Visible Atmospherically Resistant Index (VARI) imagery, we examined the usefulness of the spatial structure of desert lands for monitoring early signs of habitat changes using the Riverside East solar energy zone located within Riverside County, California. We tested the method on four habitat types in the region, Parkinsonia florida–Olneya tesota, Chorizanthe rigida–Geraea canescens, Larrea tridentata–Ambrosia dumosa, and Larrea tridentata–Encelia farinosa alliances. The results showed that the sill, range, form, and partial sill of the variogram generated from VARI strongly correlate with overall vegetation cover, average canopy size, canopy size variation, and spatial structure within a dryland habitat, respectively. Establishing a baseline of variogram parameters for each habitat and comparing to subsequent monitoring parameters would be most effective for detecting internal changes because values of variogram parameters would not match absolute values of landscape properties. When monitoring habitats across varying landscape characteristics, a single appropriate image resolution would likely be the resolution that could adequately characterize the habitat dominated by the smallest vegetation. For the variogram generated from VARI, which correlates to vegetation greenness, the sills may indicate the health of vegetation communities. However, further studies are warranted to determine the effectiveness of variograms for monitoring habitat health. Remotely sensed landscape structure obtained from variograms could provide complementary information to traditional methods for monitoring internal changes in dryland vegetation communities.


Eosinophilic phenotypes in polycythemia vera (PV) and essential thrombocythemia (ET) are rare and poorly characterized. Co-occurring JAK2 mutations in cis, specifically L611S or N622Y mutations, appear to result in a more aggressive clinical phenotype. PV/ET with eosinophilic phenotypes may require full next-generation sequencing to capture co-occurring mutations as opposed to more prevalent single-gene assays. These eosinophilic phenotypes are highly thrombotic and systemic symptoms appear responsive to early use of the janus kinase inhibitor ruxolitinib.


I read with interest the article entitled, "Effect of Vitamin D Deficiency on Hypertrophic Scarring" that was recently published inDermatologic Surgery. The authors found that Vitamin D deficiency affects the development of hypertrophic scarring (HS). Increasing Vitamin D levels to above 25 ng/mL may help reduce scar width in HS patients with Vitamin D deficiency. This finding is important because it may provide an evidence of the relationship between Vitamin D deficiency and HS.


The period before marriage in the wedding ritualism of Mari has many variations. That article is concerned with question of matchmaking as one of climactic ritual actions in the before marriage cycle of Maris tradition wedding ritualism also it reveals the basic building block, structure and role of central figure by Maris marriage. Likewise it article will gives consideration on the dialectal differences of Maris marriage brokerage. The matchmaking was the key insight in the period before marriage of Mari. The svat had the main role in the matchmaking ceremony of Meadow Mari, at the Mountain Mari the same role mainly were played women. The Eastern Maris matchmaking took course with the help of married couple. The direct result of Russians influence to wedding rituals of the Mountain and the Meadow Mari, who were neighborhood with Russian people, was change Maris term of affiancer and matchmaking per loan-translation into Russian language in the beginning of 20 century. When Mari people had the matchmaking, they talked over the question of marriage portion and dowry, which had have some local differences in money quantity and a name of wedding roles. The end of XIX beginning of XX century according to pagan tradition into the matchmaking ceremony it was the ritual of consecration agreement of marriage. By the way the Mountain Mari in the same time the ritual of consecration agreement of marriage was transformed and become conducted in pursuance of Christian tradition. The offering prayers were in front of icons, after that was wedding rings exchange three times. One of imported elements in the wedding ritual complex of the Mountain Mari becomes like native it was the ritual of parents blessing. In such a manner, regarding matchmaking in the wedding ritualism of Mari, we can speak as in one hand about general elements, as in the other hand hard differences in the areal. In many respects the organization differences into matchmaking caused by cross-cultural communications. When the communications Mari and Russian were hand-to-mouth, for example, in situation with the Eastern Mari, whose wedding ritualism kept many archaic patterns. By contrast, part of the Meadow and Mountain Mari had importation in wedding ritual complex. Mari borrowed in part at Russian their wedding terminology (designation of svaha), the tradition structure electoral ranks, also were changed and their functions were partially transformed. Into contact area with Russian people it registered weakening of paganism and as consequence was simplication of the pagan ritual consecration agreement of marriage in some region it was complete commutation or rethinking certain magic rituals according Christian traditions.


The objective of the work was to evaluate the effect of i ncreasing doses of poultry litter, in coverage, for corn production and quality of the silage. The experiment was conducted under field conditions in a Cambic R ed-Yellow Argisol , from October 16, 2013 a January 27, 2014. The treatments consist ed of six doses of tanned poultry litter (0.0, 1.5, 3.0, 4.5, 6.0 and 7.5 t ha ) and four replications . It was determined the height of plant and ear, stem diameter, pr olificacy, the ear weight, the proportion of ears in green matter and the productivity of green and dry matter of plants. Among the agronomic characteristics, the yield of green and dry matter of plants amounted linearly to the increase of the doses of poultry l it er applied. Regarding the quality of silage, it was evaluated the dry matter and crude protein, losses by gases and effluent, loss of total dry matter and dry matter recove ry of silage; however, there wa s no statistically significant effect between treatments for these parameters. The highest increase in the productivity of green and dry matter of plants of corn occurred with the dose of 7.5 t ha -1 of poultry litter exceeding by 39.49% and 27.62%, respectively, t he control treatment. The organic fertilization with poultry litter did not influence the quality of the silage production.


As society moves closer to fully autonomous vehicles, it must eventually make vehicles work together. This would reduce traffic jams, reduce cost of trips, reduce overall travel time, reduce the environmental impact, and reduce the number of casualties to traffic. [1] However, society's focus has mostly gone towards making the vehicles autonomous and not towards making a system that would manage a set of robo-taxis. This gap in research should be thoroughly explored because although autonomous vehicles are safer, they are not necessarily more efficient in reducing traffic jams and the cost of trips. [6] There have been many promising studies in tackling individual issues that such a system would face. These include finding an efficient route from point A to point B [2, 3], optimizing intersections [4], tackling road hazards [6], and more. By combining many preexisting algorithms into one system, Celer attempts to optimize traffic flow in New York City and explore the problem of car interconnectivity. Celer is able to reconstruct a map of New York City and uses taxi data from 2015 to simulate real world conditions. Overall, Celer improved trip time and profits substantially and showed a promising solution to the fleet management problem.


The proof of Nyquist's criterion for stability requires the assumption that frequency s goes along the closed contour enclosing the right-half complex plane in a clockwise direction. This paper presents a new simple proof that does not require the assumption.


The 2009 Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices (MUTCD) includes guidance for the use of various types of traffic control at unsignalized intersections. Despite changes and advances in traffic engineering in recent decades, the MUTCD content related to selection of traffic control in Part 2B has seen only minor changes since 1971. In an effort to update the MUTCD, this research addressed the following types of unsignalized traffic control: no control, yield control, two-way stop control, and all-way stop control. The research team developed recommendations using information available from reviews of existing literature, policies, guidelines, and findings from an economic analysis, along with the engineering judgment of the research team and panel. The language proposed for the next edition of the MUTCD for unsignalized intersections developed at the conclusion of this research is provided in the appendix. It includes consideration of high-speed (rural) and low-speed (urban) conditions along with the number of legs at the intersection. Because the number of expected crashes at an intersection is a function of the number of legs, the decision on appropriate traffic control should also be sensitive to the number of legs present. The proposed language includes introductory general considerations, discusses alternatives to changing right-of-way control, and steps through the various forms of unsignalized control from least restrictive to most restrictive, beginning with no control and concluding with all-way stop control. Supplemental notes are provided to suggested additions to the current text, which show the reader the source(s) of the material and/or the research team's reasoning for proposing the text.


Mycobacterium tuberculosis, from which the Rv0045c protein is isolated, is the most causative bacterium leading to tuberculosis. Histidine (H187), within the active site of this esterase, was the residue of interest in this project. The histidine was mutated to ten different amino acid residues (aspartate, asparagine, glycine, lysine, phenylalanine, proline, serine, tryptophan, tyrosine, and valine) and the catalytic efficiency of the enzyme variants was determined. Variant proteins were produced through site‐directed mutagenesis, overexpression in E. coli cells, and purification using a Ni2+ affinity resin. Evidence from differential scanning fluorimetry (DSF) revealed no significant differences in the thermal stability of the variant proteins. Michaelis‐Menton kinetics revealed that most of the variant proteins showed no difference in catalytic activity from the wildtype protein. The tyrosine variant increased the protein's overall kinetic efficiency. A sequence alignment with esterases from similar organisms showed that a tyrosine residue is almost as common as the histidine residue present in Rv0045c.


correlation of total bacteria or individual bacterial groups with body weight loss for individual animals (mock-treated (black), IAV-infected (red)) for small intestinal microbiota. Respective R2 values and regression fit are indicated. (PDF 914 kb)


With the development of modern science and technology,computer has entered our educational field in which it has developed rapidly.Therefore,revolution has taken place in teaching method,idea and form,classroom teaching structure,teaching ideology and teaching theory.The recent development of computer multimedia technology and network technology has promoted the research and application of CAI into a new stage.


Summary
According to ray theory, the path of propagation of body waves is curved due to hetogeneity of the medium, and the amplitude is obtained by calculating the geometrical spreading effect. The ray theory is valid when the variation of physical constants such as velocity and density is slight within a wavelength. It is frequently required, however, to know the behaviour of waves in rather long period range where it is uncertain whether the ray theory is applicable or not.

In this paper, the expression for the disturbance due to a point SH-source when the medium consists of many heterogeneous spherical shells with second order discontinuities is obtained in an exact form. The solution is computed numerically and compared with that expected from the ray theory.

When there is no singular point on the travel-time curve, the ray theory seems to give a fairly good approximation in a wide frequency range, although the existence of the second order discontinuity effects observed amplitudes with long period if the observing point is close to the boundary.

At the caustic or the cusp point of the travel-time curve, where the amplitude cannot be calculated from simple ray theory, the amplitude is nearly proportional to (period)−1/3 and is not extremely large. The phase shift is nearly equal to π/4.


A new contact bond model based on the Mohr-Coulomb failure criterion has been implemented in PFC2D to reproduce the behaviour of frictional cohesive (c, φ) geomaterials. According to this model, the bond
strength can be clearly divided into two distinct micromechanical contributions: an intergranular friction angle and a cohesive bond force. A parametric analysis has been run to validate the proposed model and to calibrate the micromechanical parameters. Simple relationships between the macromechanical strength parameters (c, φ) and the corresponding micromechanical quantities have been obtained so that they can be used to model geotechnical boundary value problems with the DEM without need of further calibration.


We report an intrinsic dilute ferromagnetism in CeO2 nanoparticles prepared by a green synthesis route where Artocarpus Heterophyllus leaf extract is used as a bioreducing agent. PO 4 3 − ions from leaf extract lock oxygen vacancy derived Ce3+ ions as CePO4 at surface of the CeO2 nanoparticles. The observed ferromagnetic behavior is strongly influenced by the distribution of frustrated Ce3+ ions at surface which has been attributed to the RKKY (Ruderman–Kittel–Kasuya–Yosida) type indirect exchange interaction of the spins. A giant redshift (∼0.3 eV) in the optical bandgap with decrease in particle size indicates the presence of a spin polaron formed by the interaction between heavy fermion & charge carrier electrons in the system. The concept of locking the surface spins by phosphate ions may open up new possibilities for manipulation of the spin polarized charge carriers in future spintronics researches.


Mitsubishi Hitachi Power Systems, Ltd. (MHPS) has continued to contribute to the preservation of the global environment and the stable supply of energy through the constant development of gas turbines. The contribution is based on the abundant operating results, research, and verification of state-of-the-art technology. Since 2014 MHPS has been using progressive knowledge obtained from the Japanese National Project's "1700°C Class Ultrahigh-Temperature Gas Turbine Component Technology Development." The highly-efficient M501J gas turbine was successfully developed and has achieved the world's first turbine inlet temperature of 1600°C because of this effort. Verification operation of the M501J at T-point, the verification plant, which MHPS owns in Takasago, started in 2011. Thereafter, M501J gas turbines have been delivered all over the world, and have accumulated more than 500,000 Actual Operating Hours (AOH). To further improve the efficiency and power output of the gas turbine combined cycle (GTCC), a new enhanced air-cooled system for the combustor was installed replacing the steam-cooled system employed in the J-series. The compressor was also redesigned with an advanced design approach that ensures the mechanical soundness of the parts and the performance upgrade in inlet flow as well as start-up characteristics.


The present work deals with the two-dimensional stress wave in a semi-infinite stepped bar of circular cross section, subjected to torsional impact. The equations governing the dynamic torsional deformation of the stepped bar are solved by the method of numerical integration along bicharacteristics. The torsional impact experiments for the stepped bar were performed using a modified torsional Hopkinson bar apparatus. The numerical results for the dynamic shear strain on the stepped bar are shown to be in close agreement with the experimental results. The distributions of the dynamic shear stresses in the vicinity of the junction of the stepped bar are examined to determine the limitations of the elementary theory of torsional wave propagation.


Objectives: This study was aimed to find out the anti-stress and protective-memory effect of Quibitanggagam(QBT) on stress of rats Methods : This experimental study was conducted with elevated plus maze test, passive avoidance test, morris water maze test, and consequently density of AchE reactivity in the CA1 of hippocampus to research the learning and memory of rats affected by restraint stress, Results: Passive avoidance test revealed that time latency of retention test for QBT+Stress group significantly decreased on 2, 3rd day. Morris water maze revealed that acqusitive ability of QBT+Stress group significantly improved on 2, 3rd day and retentive ability of QBT+Stress group was significantly improved on 7th day. Elevated plus maze test revealed that latency in open arm of QBT+Stress group significantly decreased and locomotor activity(number of entered arm) of QBT+Stress group was significantly increased. The values of density of AchE stained nuclei in the CA1 of hippocampus QBT+Stress group was significantly increased compared with SAL+Stress group. Conclusion : According to the above results, it is concluded that QBT will be useful as a remedy against stress disease and improving memory.


Abstract We describe variations in healthcare workers' attitudes toward double gloving and reporting needlesticks, and in their readiness to comply with double gloving and hepatitis B vaccine. Differences related to occupation, specialty, and gender have implications for the need to tailor interventions for specific groups of healthcare workers to improve compliance with Universal Precautions.


In Poland, water supply for villages and small towns is provided mainly from groundwater resources. In spite of good physicochemical and bacteriological properties for groundwater, in most cases it is required to remove iron and manganese, which influences the applied treatment technologies. The processes of potable water treatment result in the emergence of certain byproducts, i.e. technological wastewater (mainly spent filter backwash water) and sediments that contain the pollutants removed from water. The study presents the results of the Authors' tests of particle size and quantity distribution in spent filter backwash water from the groundwater treatment plant in Kąty Wroclawskie. The paper also contains an analysis of the changeability of iron and manganese content and turbidity in different phases of filter backwashing (initial backwashing, air backwashing, second backwashing). The research consisted of four series of tests conducted during the period from July 2013 to May 2014. Spent filter backwash water samples were collected during backwashing of two filters. Test results have shown that the quality of spent filter backwash water changed on subsequent stages of backwashing. Suspension particles of a size ranging from 10÷20 0m accounted for the highest volume percentage share in the analysed samples of spent filter backwash water from both filters, while the quantitative distribution of particles of the given diameters was heterogeneous and it depended on the stage of filter backwashing.


Segregational instability of plasmids in genetically altered Escherichia coli bacteria is not suitable for successful production of recombinant products. In this study, Escherichia coli C600 galK containing the plasmid pBR Eco gap, which codes for glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), was studied under industrial conditions for GAPDH production. Detailed mathematical models were developed for batch and continuous fermentations by introducing non-ideality through imperfect mixing, variable plasmid loss probability, and simulated for both fermenters by regulating mixing intensities (as a function of dilution rates). Effect of finite macromixing and a variable plasmid loss probability on plasmid stability, substrate utilization and product formation were explored by inserting generalized plasmid replication kinetics into an experimentally validated macromixing model.


A colorimetric sensing strategy combined with logic gates was demonstrated by taking advantage of the dispersion and aggregation of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) on a paper-based analytical platform. By employing cytosine–Ag+–cytosine (C–Ag+–C) coordination chemistry, label-free oligonucleotide sequences (S1) could be attached to unmodified AuNPs, which on addition of S2 (complementary to S1) or silver ions (Ag+) immediately aggregated, giving rise to an OR function. Furthermore, the gate could be employed to analyze Ag+ rapidly. By taking advantage of the disparate adsorption properties of single-stranded or double-stranded DNA modified AuNPs, an INHIBIT logic gate was constructed with S1 and Ag+ as inputs to the S2-attached AuNP mixture. In addition, using the S1/S2-attached-AuNP mixture as a basic work unit and Ag+ and cysteine as two inputs, the IMPLICATION logic gate was also designed, which provided an approach for cysteine detection. The proposed logic gates with excellent selectivity toward Ag+ against other metal ions addressed concerns of low cost, simple fabrication, and easy operation, providing an attractive alternative to conventional methods, which usually involve sophisticated instruments, complicated processes, and long periods of time. More importantly, such methods exhibited high sensitivity in the detection of Ag+ in river water samples.


Novel "Negeri 5 Menara" is one of the famous novel in Indonesia which has potential issues to be investigated how the figurative language of pesantren student is translated. In 2011, this novel was translated by Angie Kilbane into English with titled "The Land of Five Towers".

The purpose of this study was to identify the types of AhmadÂ's figurative language as pesantren student found in "Negeri 5 Menara" novel and also to identify the translation procedure of the figurative language found.

This study used qualitative research design. The object of this study was Ahmad on the novel. The data analysis of this study was formulated into two procedures. The first procedure was to figure out the types of Ahmad's figurative language as pesantren student found in the selected chapter while the second procedure was to identify the translation procedure of each types of figurative language found. The first procedure was formulated as follows: classifying and categorizing the types of Ahmad's figurative language, describing and discussing the figurative language used and taking conclusion while the next procedure was formulated as follows: identifying the procedure of Ahmad's figurative language found, categorizing the translation procedure, and drawing conclusion.

This study showed the following findings. There are eleven types of figurative language and ten translation procedure were found in Ahmad's sentences as pesantren student on novel "Negeri 5 Menara" and its translation version. Those types that found were simile, hyperbole, idiom, onomatopeia, personification, metaphor, imagery, allusion, synecdoche, assonance, and alliteration. The translation procedure of Ahmad's figurative language found were as follows: synonymy, transposition, paraphrase, through translation, cultural equivalent, reduction, transference, descriptive equivalent, naturalization, and recognized translation.


This paper discussed the maximum likelihood estimation of three grouping situation of easy constant stress on the exponential distribution occasion,which is under the accelerated life test by applying differentiation.Firstly,this paper discussed the maximum likelihood estimation of the parameters a and b in the accelerated life test lnθi=a+bφ(si) that is under easy grouping situation.Secondly,this paper showed the theories of maximum likelihood estimation of the parameters a and b in lnθi=a+bφ(si),which is under the time divided into equal parts and at an ordinary point,and proved it.


—Recommender systems (RSs) have become an impor- tant tool to help users in searching for their favorite items in many real life applications. A Collaborative Filtering is a commonly used technique in RS. In order to recommend items to the active user (the user we want to make recommendation for), collaborative filtering-based RS uses similar users to the active user and/or latent factor techniques. In our project, we show that excluding the items I that have not been rated high by any user speeds up the recommendation process and gives better accuracy, precision, and recall. The RSs recommend the items that have been rated high by the similar users to the active user. No item from I has been rated high by the similar users and, hence, will not be recommended to the active user. As far as we know, there is no similar work in the literature.


The current recycling status of rhodium catalysed was introduced.The method of preparation of rhodium triiodide with rhodium recovered from exclusion waste water of syntheis of acetic acid.Three preparation methods of rhodium triiodide were comperaed,and the shortcomings of these methods,and the effect of impurity to rhodium purity were analyzed.The development prospect of rhodium recovery in acetic acid industry was proposed.


This paper should be viewed as a summary of preliminary results for the purpose of establishing machinery parameters for an economic evaluation that will be conducted at a later time for three different harvesting systems. At no time were all three harvesters operated in the same field. Six "example fields" were chosen based on logistics and necessities of data management for the study presented in this paper. Field performance data from the actual harvester is included along with "predicted" calculations of what the other harvesters might be expected to achieve in this field for the same actual turning time row length and field geometry that was harvested. Down time was eliminated from the analysis; therefore, the actual field efficiencies and capacities reported will be lower than in actual harvesting operations. A more complete annual report for this project will be available at a later date from Cotton Incorporated. A half a million data points from three different harvester systems were collected over 28 days from a total of 14 different farm operations and 29 fields. Package and load weights were determined to be 3.74 bales/round module, 6.5 bales/half module and 16 bales/conventional module when adjusting to 480 lb net weight/bale for the John Deere 7760, Case IH 625 ME and conventional pickers, respectively. Truck loads were found to be 14.96 bales, 13 bales and 16 bales per load for the John Deere 7760, Case IH 625 ME and conventional pickers, respectively. When speeds were held constant at 4 mph and compared (without down time other than unloading and turning), the Case IH 625 ME achieved 7.5 ac/hr at 81% time on the row harvesting, compared to the JD 7760 which achieved 8.2 ac/hr at 89% efficiency when averaged over all six fields. The conventional picker attained 7.5 ac/hr at 81% field efficiency averaged over all six fields. Based on these average field capacity values, the JD 7760's ability to unload without needing time to get to a position to unload or stopping contributed to about a 9.4% increase in field capacity above the Case IH 625 ME and conventional machines when all were operated at a constant speed of 4 mph. When the John Deere 7760 was compared to the Case IH 625 ME for first gear picking, the added speed increase and the advantage of the unloading system amounted to 12.5% to 16.5% increase in field capacity (5% due to the speed increase) depending on the field characteristics and yield. Speed on the row had the second greatest effect on field capacity in comparison to the unloading system. Decreasing row length from 2538 ft to 1274 ft decreased field efficiency by approximately 3.2% (conventional), 4.2% (JD 7760) and 3.2% (Case IH 625 ME) depending on speed and unloading system and was 83.1% vs. 79.9%; 91.5% vs. 87.3%; 83% vs. 79.8% for the Case IH 625 ME, JD 7760, and conventional harvesters and longer rows vs. shorter rows respectively (first gear operation).


The image retrieval generally shows the same or similar images to a query image as a result. In the case of rotated image, however, its performance tends to be debased significantly. We propose a method to ensure a reliable image retrieval of rotated images as follows; First, to obtain feature points of query/DB images by Harris Corner Detector; and then, utilizing the feature points, to find the object`s axis and query/DB images into rotation invariant images with Principal Components Analysis algorithm. We have experimented with 6,000 natural images which are 256 pixels in diameter. They are 1,000 Wang`s images and their rotated images by , , , and . The simulation results show that the proposed method retrieves rotated images more effectively than the conventional method.


With this contribution at the ECDA-2019 in Bayreuth we want to start a much needed debate about the nature of the work of a data scientist. Is it a mere occupation or does the societal impact together with ethical issues surrounding the work imply data science should become a real profession in the sense of Airaksinen (Airaksinen, 2009). We explore the elements of data science and the responsibility a data scientist has for society. Some barriers are identified and what can be done about them. In this paper, we describe the line of reasoning which was presented, and some lessons learned from the actual discussions with the audience.


Let I, X be non-empty sets and let p : X —• X be a map. A pair (X,p) will be called an algebra of type I, [9]. Given an algebra (X,p) of type I, let 1991 Mathematics Subject Classification: 08A05.


In this article, I explore how Montréal-area community newspaper The Suburban represented the 2012 Printemps érable and, more specifically, the educational issues at the core of this uprising, which was sparked by a historic student strike. A qualitative framing analysis was conducted on the visual and textual content of the newspaper's front pages from February 13 to August 1, 2012. Results suggest that the paper framed the Printemps érable as an illegitimate series of individual protest actions worthy of derision. Students were represented as lazy, self-centred, directionless consumers, and authoritarian government action as desirable in forcing them to submit to the realities of a neoliberal economy and corresponding education system.


Man is the cause of everything that happens to him, the environment being abstracted by him from the circumstance that is. For thousands of years, various cultures have known the connection of the mind and the body, that illness and disease not only originate from external chemical toxins, but from the traumas within the emotional and mental states.


Based on various risk attitude portfolios of the enterprise,different supply chain coordination models are set up and the pareto objective is reached.Furthermore,numerical analyses are carried out in order to verify the different mathematics models.Future research is discussed at the end.


Attenuation, interference, noise, and distortion affect any wireless communication system's data transfer, making it more difficult for the receiver to receive precise data. Convolution encoder is used to fix errors at the receiver end. Software defined radio may adjust to different encoding and modulation schemes by changing its configuration. In this work, convolutional encoding with a 1/2 code rate and a 3 length constraint is proposed. The updated Viterbi decoder architecture optimizes the key route, enabling higher speeds. MATLAB is used for simulation to verify the Viterbi design. Verilog HDL for RTL coding and a Xilinx Spartan Series FPGA is used in the implementation. ModelSim and Vivado are used for functional and timings simulations.


Low-frequency noise measurements are carried out to investigate optoelectronic characteristics of CdSe quantum dot (QD)/indium-gallium-zinc-oxide (IGZO) heterostructured hybrid phototransistor with respect to various QD surface ligands, such as chalcometallate ligands (Sn2<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\text{S}_{6}^{4-}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and Sn2Se<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$_{6}^{4-}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) and thiocyanate (SCN<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$^{-}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>). It is found that Sn2<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\text{S}_{6}^{4-}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and Sn2Se<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$_{6}^{4-}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-capped QD/IGZO phototransistors show enhanced optoelectronic characteristics such as responsivity (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${R}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$3.06\times 10$ </tex-math></inline-formula>3 A W−1 and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$8.8\times 10$ </tex-math></inline-formula>2 A W−1, respectively, and photodetectivity (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${D}^\ast$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$2.1\times 10$ </tex-math></inline-formula>13 Jones and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$6.18\times 10$ </tex-math></inline-formula>11 Jones, respectively, compared with SCN<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$^{-}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-capped CdSe QD/IGZO phototransistors (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${R}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$1.21\times 10$ </tex-math></inline-formula>3 A W−1 and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${D}^\ast $ </tex-math></inline-formula> of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$2.02\times 10$ </tex-math></inline-formula>11 Jones). Independently, all these devices exhibit 1/<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${f}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> low-frequency noise dependence in the subthreshold, ohmic, and saturation regimes. In particular, in the ohmic and saturation regime, the low-frequency noise properties follow the bulk mobility fluctuation mechanism for the chalcometallate ligands-based devices, while carrier number fluctuation model is dominant for the SCN<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$^{-}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-based devices. Thus, low-frequency noise analysis may provide meaningful information to evaluate important parameters for nanomaterial-based optoelectronics.


Aim To compare capecitabine and oxaliplatin (XELOX) with S-1 as adjuvant chemotherapy in stage III gastric cancer after D2 gastrectomy. Methods Clinical data from 206 patients who received XELOX or S-1 regimens as adjuvant chemotherapy in stage III gastric cancer were collected. Patients were divided into 2 groups according to regimen; the groups were XELOX (n = 114) and S-1 monotherapy (n = 92). Results 3-year disease-free survival (DFS) was higher in the S-1 group than in the XELOX group (66.6% vs 59.1%; p = 0.636). 3-year overall survival (OS) was 75.6% in the S-1 group and 69.6% in the XELOX group (p = 0.495). But, the difference was not statistically significant. Especially, for patients with stage IIIC disease, 3-year overall survival was 55.2% in the XELOX group and 39.0% in the S-1 group (hazard ratio, HR 0.50, 95% confidence interval, CI 0.23–1.10; p = 0.075). In multivariate analysis, N stage (HR, 5.639; 95% CI, 1.297–24.522; p = 0.021) and cycle completion as planned (HR, 5.734; 95% CI, 3.007–10.936; p<0.001) were independent predictors of overall survival. Conclusion Adjuvant XELOX and S-1 regimen did not prove anything superior for stage III gastric cancer in this study. But, XELOX had a tendency to be superior to S-1 in stage IIIC gastric cancer after D2 gastrectomy although the difference was not statistically significant. N stage and cycle completion as planned were prognostic factors.


Abstract This paper undertakes what might be described as an exploratory consideration of Steiner Waldorf education to see what light such an examination might throw upon and contribute to policy debates on spiritual education 1 . The paper seeks, through this, to further dialogue between Steiner Waldorf education and the 'mainstream' approaches to schooling represented in the UK state system, and considers possible research directions and policy strategies. 1 This article is revised version of a paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Educational Research Association in Chicago, March 1997.


As more and more crucial data is being loaded on computer servers, the security of government and commercial industrial servers is the main concern. The Intrusion Detection Systems can address these problems but they face challenges in robust and changing environments. Data-Mining based IDS at the same time can provide more accuracy of results and Data mining can automatically find the relationships and similarities in patterns in raw data, and can deliver results that can be either utilised in an automated decision support system or assessed by a human analyst thus enhancing the quality of the intrusion detection process. This review will focus on the data mining techniques and their role in intrusion detection systems.


Fat suppression magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) sequences are routinely included in the MRI protocol for patients with perianal fistula to improve the visibility of the abnormal tracts and abscesses against the background of hypo-signal intensity on the image. The objective of this study is to compare the turbo inversion recovery magnitude (TIRM) and frequency selective fat saturation turbo spin echo (FSTSE) MRI sequences in detecting perianal fistulas in terms of time and clarity. The MRI protocol included a coronal T2 turbo inversion recovery magnitude sequence, a T2 fat saturation turbo spin echo, and T2 turbo inversion recovery magnitude sequences in the axial plane. The evaluation of sequence image quality involved calculating the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR). Additionally three radiologists assessed the best image using a questionnaire designed to align with the study's objectives. The T2 TIRM sequence was found to have the highest number of ticked images. The inter-rater kappa agreement showed fair agreement (k = 0.370) between the raters. However, the SNR and CNR values for the T2 FSTSE were higher than those of the T2 TIRM sequence, with a p-value less than 0.001. There is a significant difference in the meantime in that the T2 TIRM sequence has less time than the T2 FSTSE with a p-value < 0.001. Due to its uniform fat suppression in the MR image and shorter acquisition time, the turbo inversion recovery magnitude sequence exhibited superior performance compared to the T2 frequency-selective turbo spin echo sequence.


An analytic function f ( z ) = z + a 2 z 2 + … in | z | 1 is typically-real if Im f ( z ) Im z ≥ 0 . The largest domain G in which each odd typically-real function is univalent (one-to-one) and the domain ⋂ f ( G ) for all odd typically real functions f are obtained.


The peeling and pulping processes of Amygdalus Communis L. are studied by single factor and orthogonal design. The results show that the best peeling parameters is 0.3%NaOH of boiling 3 min;the best pulping parameters NaHCO3 soaking liquid concentration is 0.6%,pulping temperature is 60 ℃,and solid-liquid ratio is 1∶10,the process of protein extraction rate is 86.472 8%,protein content is 2.39 g/100 mL.


The present paper is based on an implemented planning system running in Quintus Prolog under SUN/OS on Sparc Stations. This one has been developed to compete another system previously implemented in Allegro Common Lisp. There have been three essentially diierent prototypical applications for generating technical therapy plans: a ood prevention system, a chemical bre production installation , and a ballast tank system for oo-shore platforms. This work on planning has been embedded in a comprehensive approach towards knowledge-based process supervision and control within the joint project Wiscon which has been funded by the Ger-man Federal Ministry for Research and Technology under grant no. 413{4001{01 IW 204 B. The paper developes a collection of planning algorithms lucidly derived by formalizing algorithmic ideas and heuris-tics within the logic programming paradigm. This is based on the second author's student's project work.


An unexplored use is to generate energy and in the case of this research, for the production of hot metal in steel mills. When extracting the oil, some wastes was generated such as the seed bark and the waste after the mechanical pressing or solvent extraction of the peeled seeds. These wastes have great potential to generate energy for processes such as the injection of pulverized materials in blast furnaces [2].


Between 1964 and 1965 Joseph Weinzenbaum wrote the fi rst computer program which can converse with its user according to the criteria exposed by Turing in «Computer Machinery and Intelligence» (Turing, 1950). Since it was introduced in 1966 ELIZA is considered the fi rst chat-bot programmed. This paper tries to explore the goodness of ELIZA's language comprehension-production engine as a model of the language comprehension-production processes. It will be done comparing ELIZA and the models developed by Levelt (1989) and Friederici (e.g., 2002). The exposition ends sketching the impact of Weinzenbaum's work in later psycholinguistic.


This article explores factors influencing the employee perceptions of pay equity during compensation reform in Vietnamese state-owned enterprises (SOEs) since economic reform (Doi moi) started. A qualitative approach by conducting 43 interviews from selected SOEs and the Vietnam government bodies was used to investigate a research question: What are the factors influencing employee perceptions of pay equity in Vietnamese SOEs? The findings show that in the case of the Vietnamese SOE reform, the perceptions are influenced by both SOEs' compensation policies and practices and the national culture. This study extends the equity theory by adding new findings from the context of a transitional economy and a reforming process of the SOEs. The present case shows that national culture also greatly influences the perception of pay equity alongside compensation factors.


The glassy-winged sharpshooter, (GWSS), Homalodisca vitripennis (Germar), as a vector of Xylella fastidiosa, is a threat to grapes, almonds, stone fruit and oleander and impacts citrus and nursery crops throughout much of California. It remains an important high-risk quarantine pest for the Napa and Sonoma Valleys and other uninfested areas. Accurate and precise methods for detection of new colony infestations and for monitoring GWSS population dynamics on a temporal and spatial basis are lacking. Due to the unique behavior, biology and ecology of the xylophagous GWSS which is driven by plant xylem chemistry and nutrition, conventional detection and monitoring approaches do not provide the necessary statistical precision needed by the regulatory and producer communities for management decisions. This proposal will address the detection and monitoring needs as well as develop a more strategic approach to management of GWSS. INTRODUCTION In previous research we evaluated trap color, size, configuration and height. We compared a large number of commercially available as well as home-made sticky traps in attempts to find a practical and reliable trap to detect and monitor GWSS population dynamics. The conventional two-sided Pherocon AM trap used in CA was tested as the standard for comparisons to other trap types in FL. Traps colored "Safety yellow" placed at 2 m or less from the ground captured the highest numbers of GWSS in these tests. Of all traps tested, we found that a 32.5 cm height x 7.6 cm dia. yellow cylinder (painted mailing tube, referred to as "tube" trap) captured the highest number of GWSS. However, when GWSS trap capture numbers were related to visual counts on host plants, host plant species and nutritional condition were important variables affecting GWSS capture rate. In patches of non-preferred hosts such as peach, there was no significant relationship between trap capture rate and GWSS numbers on trees. GWSS passed through the patches but spent very little time on the trees. In monoculture patches of a preferred host crape myrtle, higher numbers of GWSS were captured with better correlation to GWSS numbers present on trees, but the results were inconclusive due to variation by date and patch type. Moreover, on some sample dates there was an inverse correlation between GWSS plant numbers and trap captures, suggesting that nearby high quality host plants actually reduce trap capture rates. We have compared the standard Pherocon AM trap configured with two flat surfaces to the same trap configured in the form of a cylinder (somewhat smaller than the tube trap) and to the tube trap. In all tests the mailing tube trap captured significantly more GWSS adults of both sexes with tube capture rates of ca. 5-15 x higher than the other traps. We have tried other embellishments of the tube trap with limited success. We have also attempted to ascertain the "active distance" of operation of the trap with respect to how far away GWSS will respond to the tube trap. These experiments enabled an estimation of the active distance of the tube trap to be at least 8-12m, but these results were inconclusive statistically. In other work we have combined single plants of various species with traps to determine whether combinations of traps with plants will improve trap capture. Again, plant species affected the outcomes. We have also tested larger numbers of traps alone and in combination with preferred crape myrtle and non-preferred peach plants to increase the visual presentation offered to GWSS. Also, we have done mark-recapture studies in large peach and crape myrtle plantings (Northfield et al. 2008b). In these studies, more GWSS were captured by traps in crape myrtle for a longer period of time than on traps in peach or on traps alone. Emigration from the plots was much higher and more rapid in peach than crape myrtle. Finally, the landscape context of the study plots, i.e., whether the plots were isolated by at least 100 m of grassy area or had vegetation within 100 m of the plot, affected GWSS emigration and immigration, as well as within plot trap capture rates. We have concluded that the searching flight, trap and host response behavior of GWSS, while highly visually oriented, is complex and affected by host plants, and driven by a number of habitat variables, landscape structure and unknown innate GWSS behaviors. It appears that single traps will not provide the necessary accuracy in predicting the population dynamics of GWSS for management decision making nor the reliability required for regulatory objectives. However, the tube trap is superior to the standard Pherocon AM trap in detection of GWSS and could easily be implemented for GWSS monitoring in CA. Our objectives are to develop and implement a practical detection and monitoring system for GWSS with requisite statistical precision. At the time of submission of this report we have not received the funds to initiate this project.


The purpose of this study was to develop and pilot test a research methodology to objectively study, measure, and analyze orthodontic treatment outcome subsequent to headgear therapy with respect to time and force of application. To effectively evaluate the therapeutic effect of the headgear, a novel orthodontic time/force recording (OTFR) headgear was developed, capable of monitoring and recording compliance as well as force levels in realtime. The second component of this study involved the development of a digital three-dimensional measurement system for the quantitative and qualitative analysis of the treatment effects. Data collected on a pilot sample of patients treated with our newly developed OTFR headgear were analyzed in order to establish the validity of this device in clinical research, and was compared with the currently used compliance monitoring method – the self reported diary. Study models taken on this group of patients at monthly intervals were digitally analyzed using the three-dimensional measurement system for the characterization of molar displacement and the pilot testing of the technique. The testing of the three-dimensional analysis system has been shown to provide qualitative as well as quantitative results with respect to the molar's spatial displacement subsequent to headgear use. The OTFR headgear appeared to be valid for the monitoring of compliance. The use of patients' self-reported logbook did not correlate with the true compliance as measured using two separate digital timing devices. The future use of such logbooks for the monitoring of compliance does not appear to be warranted. Future implementation of this novel research design in clinical studies would provide invaluable insight into the treatment effects of orthodontic headgear therapy by facilitating intensive real-time data collection and objective three-dimensional tooth movement analysis.


Under traditional planned economy, the focus of our credit management system is, whether under integrated management of deposits and loans with the difference being provided by the central or extending loans according the actual deposits, in fact the management control based on the planned dimension or indexes, which led to low efficiency in credit allocation. The adoption of asset-liability proportional management and risk management of loans is a great progress in the credit management system of the country. It is of great significance for the reinforcement of risk management and upgrading the assets quality. For the present, it is urgent to take every effective step to push classified risk management of the loan assets.


Urban packaged water samples of Ouagadougou were studied in order to assess their bacteriological and chemical characteristics and suitability for potable purposes. The study also investigated the sanitation of the companies producing packaged water. Packaged water from 17 different brands was purchased and analyzed for physicochemical (turbidity, pH, EC, total hardness, NH4+, NO3-, HCO3-, SO42-, and Cl−) and bacteriological (total coliforms, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterococcus, and sulphite-reducing anaerobic bacteria) parameters. The production sites investigation included: (1) distance between latrines and water sources superior to 15 m, (2) hygiene of handling personnel, (3) training of handling personnel on good hygiene practice and manufacturing, (4) hygiene of premises, and (5) hygiene of toilets. All the samples met the national guidelines for the physicochemical parameters investigated. Enterococcus, sulphite-reducing anaerobic bacteria spores, and E. coli were not found. Total coliforms were found in 8 (47.1%) in February, 9 (52.9%) in March, 2 (11.7%) in April, and 5 (29.4%) in May, while 7 (41.2%) brands were always in compliance with the guidelines. Some packaged waters were contaminated with total coliforms or P. aeruginosa above acceptable limits for human consumption. Regarding bacteriological contamination, it is necessary to reinforce water treatment systems in certain packaged water companies.


at the University of Southern California, Los Angeles. ■ Increasing numbers of teachers and schools are incorporating Sustained Silent Reading into their reading programs at both the elementary and secondary levels. Sustained Silent Reading (SSR), also known as Uninterrupted Sustained Silent Reading (USSR) and High Intensity Practice (HIP), means that a specific amount of time is set aside for reading. Everyone reads self-selected materials without


The ternary Cu(II) complex with 2,2′-bipyridyl (bipy) and L-methioninate (L-Met) has been synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, molar conductivity, UV-Vis spectra, IR spectra and pH-potentiometric titration methods. The structure of the complex [Cu(L-Met) (bipy) (H2O)]ClO4 · 3/8H2O was characterized by the X-ray diffraction analysis. It crystallizes in the triclinic system, space group P1 with four molecules in a unit cell of dimensions, a = 0.7656(2) nm, b = 1.3142(3) nm, c = 2.0596(4) nm, α = 97.70(3)°, β = 97.96(3)°, γ = 94.33(3)°, V= 2.0244(8) nm3, R1, = 0.0441 and wR2 = 0.0678. The crystal contains four crystllographically independent [Cu(L-Met) (bipy) (H2O)]+ complexes (Cu1—Cu4), having a distorted square-pyramidal geometry with the same coordinated atoms around each copper center. The base plane is occupied by two nitrogen atoms of one bipy, the amino nitrogen atom and one carboxylate oxygen atom from each independent L-Met moiety, and one water oxygen at an axial position. Cu1 and Cu3 are essentially enantiomers of Cu2 and Cu4. The four molecules are packed with each other by intermolecular hydrogen-bonding and aromatic-ring stacking interactions.


Objective: To observe and summarize the puerile patients' clinical features of severe hand-foot-and-mouth disease,also discuss about the prediction factors which can able to identify the disease progression of puerile patients.Method: Retrospective analysis: From October 2010 to May 2012,there were fifty cases of puerile patients with severe hand-foot-and-mouth disease who were taken to critical care ward in our hospital.We predicted the disease progression through different aspects of the analysis and research,like the clinical manifestations of patients,physical sign,auxiliary examinations,and treatment measures and so on during hospitalization.Result:The ages of the puerile patients in 45 cases' are all under 3 years,while 46 patients' WBC count increase in auxiliary examinations and 40 cases blood sugar increase and cerebrospinal fluid anomaly has 43 cases.The involvement rate for continuous high fever,fast breathing and heart rate,loss of appetite,and tired nervous system is 70%(35/50).X-ray radiograph shows that the incidence for a significant increase or fuzzy in lung texture was 68%(34/50).Severe hand-foot-and-mouth disease is complicated by central nervous system damage,leading to nerve pulmonary edema and circulatory failure.Conclusion: Strengthen observation on patient's illness for severe hand-foot-and-mouth disease and timely find its early clinical features in order to reduce the critical rate and mortality and also play an irreplaceable role in mild or severe,development and prognosis.It is the key of curing severe hand-foot-and-mouth disease successfully.


For ordinary second order differential operators with one or two singular endpoints, the problem is considered of determining when a continuous spectrum is absolutely continuous or is of class $C^{(1)} $. Operators are considered which have a smooth part plus perturbation terms. The perturbation terms considered are short and long range type potentials and also potentials of a highly oscillatory character. The absolutely continuous spectrum found is either a ray $[\lambda _0 ,\infty )$ or a whole line $( - \infty ,\infty )$. For a certain class of equations, the spectrum is also found to be bounded below. The theory developed is applied to the energy operator of the hydrogen atom.


The metalized wood composites with natural grain of imported Juglans nigra, which was impregnated with low melting alloy were manufactured and evaluated in this study. And the proper manufacturing conditions was also investigated in this study. The low melting alloy with bismuth (Bi) and tin (Sn) which are harmless to humans, was applied to this new composites. The composites showed not only no defects of discoloration, delamination, swelling, and cracking, because of high dimensional stability and low thickness swelling, but also much improved performance such as high bending strength, high hardness, abrasion resistance, high thermal conductivity as floor materials. This study also suggested the proper impregnating condition, such as 10 minutes of the preliminary vacuum time, 186℃ of the heating temperature and 10 minutes of the maintaining pressure time at the pressure of 30 kgf/㎠. This metalized wood composites showed 7 times higher density than control, great increase in bending strength from 131.8 N/㎟ to 192.3 N/㎟, and great increase in hardness from 18.2 N/㎟ to 94.0 N/㎟. The composites demonstrated not only high emissivity of 91%, high shilding effectiveness of 92.59∼99.99%, high fire resistance but also great decrease in abrasion depth, water absorption and thickness swelling.


Flow and temperature fields during the solidification of hypereutectic and hypoeutectic NH4Cl‐H2O solution in rectangular cavities were measured by a particle image velocimetry(PIV) and a weak perturbation thermocouple network, respectively. Double‐diffusive convections caused by the coupling effects of temperature and solute gradients were studied by the experiment. During the solidification of hypereutectic solution, the rejected water near the solidification interface will lead to dilute solute layers and double‐diffusive interfaces. As the continued rejection of water, the layer and interface will evolve into instability and a multi‐layer and multi‐interface structure will be formed. To the hypoeutectic solution, the rejection of NH4Cl near the solidification interface will form a dense solute layer. When the thickness of the dense solute layer is large enough, the coupling effects of stabilizing solute gradient and unstable temperature gradient will lead to new solute layers. The solute layers and do...


Technologies based on AI/ML are playing an increasingly prominent role in teenagers' everyday lives. Mirroring this trend is a concomitant interest in teaching young people about intelligent technologies. Whereas previous research in the field of Child–Computer Interaction has proposed curriculum and learning activities that describe what teenagers need to learn about AI/ML, there is still a shortage of studies which specifically address teenager-centered perspectives in the teaching of AI/ML. This paper presents a study of teenagers' everyday understanding of AI/ML technologies. Using a thematic analysis of the teenagers' own explanations during a series of workshops, we present a conceptual map of the teenagers' understandings of these technologies. We go on to propose five general recommendations for the teaching of AI/ML to teenagers through the lens of Computational Empowerment. Taken together, these recommendations serve as a teenage-centered starting point for teaching young people about intelligent technologies, an approach that can be implemented in future research interventions with similar objectives.


Musical education constitutes an important part of higher vocational education.It plays a significant role in conducting both aesthetic and moral education.At the same time,it can promote students' all-round development,and help them get rid of their mental disorder.But,in vocational colleges,it is difficult to offer a music course,and the funds are not available.Therefore,the college leadership should attach great importance to musical education,build a strong contingent of art teachers,and widen the road to musical practice,so as to make musical education bring its role into full play.


Objective To explore the releasing of various laser models in portal veins. Methods Laser generated with DIAMED was observed to release in the rabbit portal veins.Laser fiber tips,portal vein walls and the survival of the rabbits were documented after continuous and various pulse wavelength laser released in the portal veins. Results Pulse laser released in the portal vein produced reduced-sized clots compared with continuous laser at the tips of the laser fiber.The significance was apparent statistically.The size of the clots enlarged with the lengthening of the wavelength of the pulse laser,but there was no significance.No rabbit died 3 months after continuous or pulse laser administration.There were no abnormalities observed grossly or microscopically either right or 3 months after laser administration.Conclusions Pulse laser model and relatively short wavelength are reluctant to produce clots.Laser could be released in the portal veins safely,without survival compromising of the rabbits and damage to the portal vein walls.


A factor analysis-based method has been developed for preliminary interpretation of ground-based, time-domain electromagnetic data. We refer to this method as factor score imaging. It provides data volume and dimensionality reduction, allows efficient approximation of the shape of buried conductive bodies and aids selection of initial model geometry for full inversion. In this paper, the method is applied to modelled amplitude responses of simple geometrical bodies, such as a buried conductive sphere and a dipping plate. It was found that five or fewer factors typically describe the 30-dimensional data. Factor score imaging was developed to visualise the results. In the first factor score images, the footprint of the modelled bodies are recovered with remarkable accuracy. The simple examples described in this paper provide insight into the developed methodology.


evidence to support the criticisms that juries make large awards against medical defendants because of sympathy for the plaintiff or the depth of medical pockets, or that the main component of awards is for pain and suffering. Awards are, on the contrary, generally proportionate to the seriousness of the injury and not unreasonably in excess of independent estimates of economic loss. In relation to pain and suffering, Vidmar concludes that juries may make even more consistent awards than would judges. In short, Vidmar vindicates the medical malpractice jury. By documenting the generally competent manner in which they perform their task, he explodes the popular myth, whose perpetuation he attributes largely to the tendency of the mass media to focus on extreme and unrepresentative cases, that the jury is a primary cause of the problems affecting the American healthcare system. This is a well-researched, well-argued and well-written work which makes an important contribution to the literature about medical malpractice in the United States. Informative, cogent and readable, this volume, which illustrates well the value of empirical research in understanding the operation of the law, will be of interest in the United States and beyond to tort and medical lawyers, doctors, policy makers, social scientists and students of jury behaviour. One criticism is that the substantive law is clearly relevant but the book's treatment of it is superficial. Although in England judges rather than juries decide medical negligence actions, there seems little doubt that at least some English judges have, unlike American juries, clearly favoured one side in medical negligence actions: doctors. What is more, they appear to have done so in no small measure because of a concern that, were medical defendants not so favoured, England would follow America into a "malpractice crisis". But is there such a crisis in America? And, even if there is, is it likely to cross the Atlantic if doctors are simply treated like any other defendant in an action for professional negligence? As Vidmar's impressive book demonstrates, such questions require analysis rather than anecdote.


Over the past 10 years, the Afghanistan Human Rights and Democracy Organization (AHRDO), a Kabul-based civil society organization and arts-activism platform, together with various self-organized, local war victims associations, has fought an uphill battle to challenge Afghanistan's entrenched culture of impunity and make a contribution to a more just, democratic and peaceful country from the bottom-up. The current article critically describes, theorizes, and poeticizes one particular aspect of this decade-long struggle, the so-called Memory Box-Initiative, inspired by Augusto Boal's Aesthetics of the Oppressed. Challenging the fact that in many urban centers of Afghanistan, and in particular in the capital Kabul, a great number of public monuments and buildings are dedicated to war criminals, a veritable architecture of impunity, the aim of the initiative is the creation of a counter-hegemonic, victims-centered architecture of remembrance, taking place in a context of a highly contested Transitional Justice process. The main sections of the article address the following three issues: (a) the attempt by Afghanistan's political, religious, and military elites to undermine the efforts of the country's war victims to challenge the current culture of impunity by promoting a cityscape in the image of what they consider to be war heroes; (b) the response by the Afghan community of war victims in the form of the Memory Boxes and subsequent advocacy efforts in the public sphere; and (c) the embedding of the Memory Boxes within the larger framework of what is currently being theorized as "nonextractivist methodologies" as part of what is known as the Epistemologies of the South, as proposed by Boaventura de Sousa Santos. The article will conclude with a call for increased epistemological and methodological insubordination and the need for further research and, above all, experimentation in combining the Memory Boxes and the Epistemologies of the South in the global struggle for social and cognitive justice.


A design of 7-segment numeric light emitting diode(LED) display driver with BIN and BCD converter was proposed.The structure of the driver was expressed by VHDL,and it was implemented in EP2C5T144C8.The converter between BIN and BCD was designed based on a new shifted-based algorithm.The driver has high converting speed and simple structure.It has several work modes,can drive 8 digits or 64 individual LEDs.Digital control of display brightness is provided by a pulse-width modulator.


Maintenance is one of the important activities in any industry. In a large industry, in order to prioritize the maintenance action, we need to identify the critical equipments. The present paper has explored to identify the critical equipments of a coal based power plant and rank them accordingly. Multiple criteria like: environmental impact (EI), customer inconvenience (CI) and maintenance cost (MC) has been used for decision making. Out of the three above mentioned criterion, environmental data was very difficult to get, hence expert judgment has been used to quantify it. Finally, AHP method has been used to rank the equipments on the basis of selected multiple criterions.


We present a novel approach for inducing unsupervised dependency parsers for languages that have no labeled training data, but have translated text in a resourcerich language. We train probabilistic parsing models for resource-poor languages by transferring cross-lingual knowledge from resource-rich language with entropy regularization. Our method can be used as a purely monolingual dependency parser, requiring no human translations for the test data, thus making it applicable to a wide range of resource-poor languages. We perform experiments on three Data sets — Version 1.0 and version 2.0 of Google Universal Dependency Treebanks and Treebanks from CoNLL shared-tasks, across ten languages. We obtain stateof-the art performance of all the three data sets when compared with previously studied unsupervised and projected parsing systems.


Plasmodia of P. polycephalum homozygous and heterozygous for a mutation ( act ) which confers resistance to actidione on the haploid amoebal stage have been tested for resistance to actidione in liquid semidefined medium. Growth of homozygous resistant ( act/act ) plasmodia determined by protein or pigment assay was inhibited less by actidione than growth of homozygous-sensitive or heterozygous plasmodia. The mutant ( act ) is therefore recessive but, contrary to a previous report, confers resistance on homozygous plasmodia. The same mutation affects the morphology of homozygous ( act/act ) plasmodia on agar medium, causing slow growth, fragmentation and excessive sliminess.


The criteria for judging the success of counseling for any given client must be based on the requests of that client. Counseling consists of whatever ethical activities a counselor undertakes in an effort to help the client engage in those types of behavior which will lead to a resolution of the client's problems. Like all professional persons, the counselor may elect to limit the problems with which he works on the basis of his own interests, competencies, and ethical standards. Evidence is accumulating that a counselor can act effectively to promote career planning, improve test-wiseness, increase social participation, increase deliberating and decision behavior, make test results acceptable, and modify unrealistic decisions. Accomplishment of clients' goals, not adherence to prescribed procedures, should be the mark of a successful counselor.


Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to provide empirical evidence on the use of IMC in new high technology product launches among companies that operate in different fields of business, yet providing similar innovation to the same market.Design/methodology/approach – A qualitative case research methodology is applied. Multiple sources of evidence are gathered. These include interviews with key informants and documentary data, and IMC mini audits. Concerning the theoretical approach, the related literature in IMC, new product launch and high technology marketing is reviewed.Findings – IMC is vital to high technology marketers launching new products and services. The analyses reveal that IMC practices vary across firm size, industry type, product/service orientation, and customer orientation.Practical implications – Companies of different types can be on an equal footing in their integration efforts. Whether service‐ or product‐oriented companies, business‐to‐consumer or business‐to‐business marketers, c...


This paper presents the state of the art on interoperability developments for the social and solidarity economy SSE community web based information systems WIS; it also presents a framework of interoperability for the SSE' WIS and the developments made in a research-in-progress PhD project in the last 3 years. A search on the bibliographic databases showed that so far there are no papers on interoperability initiatives on the SSE, so it was necessary to have other sources of information: a preliminary analysis of the WIS that support SSE activities; and interviews with the representatives of some of the world's most important SSE organisations. The study showed that the WIS are still not interoperable yet. In order to become interoperable a group of the SSE community has been developing a Dublin Corre Application Profile to be used by the SSE community as reference and binding to describe their resources. This paper also describes this on-going process.


Belo Laut Village has 3,337 ha of mangrove potential spread over three hamlet areas, namely Belo Laut, Tanjung Punai, and Sukal. On the muddy beaches around the mangroves, the community has developed extensive cultivation of blood clams (Anadara granusa). The existence of cultivation in mangrove areas also has the potential to affect the existence of mangroves in the area. For this reason, it is necessary to know the perception of shellfish cultivators on mangroves and the reality of the condition of mangroves in Belo Laut Village so as to provide an overview of the potential for mangrove destruction due to Blood Clam cultivation. Data were collected by interviewing shellfish farmers in Sukal and Tanjung Punai Hamlets. The production of blood clam cultivation has become a new source of economy in Belo Laut Village which is carried out by almost all family heads in Sukal and Tanjung Punai Hamlets. The community considers that the mangroves in Belo Laut village had not changed in quantity and there was no indication of their use other than for tourism. The perception and understanding of shellfish farmers not to disturb the mangroves were based on the protection of their main source of income as shrimp and crab fishermen.


We investigated automatic approaches for clustering data that describes occupations related to hazardous airborne exposure (beryllium). The regulatory compliance data from Occupational Safety and Health Administration includes records containing short free text job descriptions and associated numerical exposure levels. Researchers in public health domain need to map job descriptions to Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) nomenclature for estimating occupational health risks. Previous manual process was time-consuming and did not advance so far to linkage to SOC. We investigated alternative automatic approaches for clustering job descriptions. The clustering results are the first essential step towards discovery of corresponding SOC terms. Our study indicated that the Tolerance Rough Set with Jaccard similarity was a better combination overall. The utility of the algorithm was further verified by applying logistic regression and validating that the predictive power of the automatically generated classifications, in terms of association of "job" with probability of exposure to beryllium above certain threshold, closely approached that of the manually assembled classification of the same 12,148 records.


An investigation of the XJ-41-V turbojet-engine compressor was conducted to determine the performance of the compressor and to obtain fundamental information on the aerodynamic problems associated with large centrifugal-type compressors. The results of the research conducted on the original compressor indicated the compressor would not meet the desired engine-design air-flow requirements because of an air-flow restriction in the vaned collector. The compressor air-flow choking point occurred near the entrance to the vaned-collector passage and was instigated by a poor mass-flow distribution at the vane entrance and from relatively large negative angles of attack of the air stream along the entrance edges of the vanes at the outer passage wall and large positive angles of attack at the inner passage wall. As a result of the analysis, a design change of the vaned collector entrance is recommended for improving the maximum flow capacity of the compressor.


1. Teaching foreign languages in the primary school: an overview 2. Case studies of two successful schools 3. Theories of Second Language Acquisition 4. Approaches to language teaching 5. What children say about learning foreign languages 6. Introducing children to foreign languages 7. Developing children's listening and speaking skills 8. Developing children's reading and writing skills 9. Developing knowledge about language 10. Developing intercultural competence 11. Developing language learning strategies 12. Assessment and transition to secondary school.


We are surgical staff nurses interested in improving patient discharge. We are particularly interested in reducing unnecessary prolonged hospital stay in relation to social circumstances. We are looking for a protocol that addresses patient discharge issues at the time of admission. We look forward to hearing from anyone who has tried and succeeded - or even tried and failed.


Wehave identified a novel antifungal antibiotic of the papulacandin family,1} saricandin (1), which was produced by the fungal culture, AB 2202W-161. PF-1042/ BE-29602 (2), a previously described papulacandin,2'3) was also present in the fermentation broth. These compounds were isolated by bioactivity guided fractionation using an assay4) for agents which inhibit synthesis of the fungal cell wall. In this report we wish to describe the fermentation, isolation, characterization and biological properties of 1 and 2 (Fig. 1). Saricandin is produced by Fusarium sp. AB 2202W161. This fungus was isolated from a soil sample collected in a temperate forest in Nepal. A subculture of the microorganism was deposited in the permanent collection of the National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, United States Department of Agriculture, 1815 North University Street, Peoria, IL, 61604, U.S.A. The accession number at this depository is NRRL25158, The color names and numbers in parenthesis in the following strain description were taken from the ISCC-NBS Centroid Color Charts.5) Colonies of strain AB 2202W-161 grew slowly on


The longevity of a catalyst plays a crucial role for many industrial scale applications. Platinum is the best candidate to be used in electrochemical energy conversion systems due to its high activity. However, platinum catalysts degrade during fuel cell operation. The origin of this degradation, the loss of material, is very likely rooted in the roughening of the surface: the nucleation and growth of nanoislands [1, 2, 3, 4]. It is known that the extend of this roughening can be tuned by additives, change of the electrolyte pH, or operation within different potential windows [5, 6, 7]. In this work, we study the degradation of different platinum stepped surfaces under potential cycling to oxidative potentials. Interestingly, we quantify significantly less degradation on surfaces with narrower terraces: Ra(Pt(111)) > Ra(Pt(15 15 14)) > Ra(Pt(554)) > Ra(Pt(553)) > Ra(Pt(533)). We present here a model that explains this trend, in which steps act like sinks for both adatoms and vacancies, slowing down the nucleation and growth of the above mentioned nanoislands. We support our results, which were derived until now solely on electrochemical measurements, with in-operando Electrochemical Scanning Tunneling Microscopy (EC-STM) images.

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