A 70-year old man patient was admitted to our hospital with a nodular lesion on the skin of his right-leg in June 2012. The patient's physical examination revealed that there were no palpable superficial lymph nodes and the other systems were normal. Blood tests were normal. Biopsy was performed from the lesion and the result was reported as CD30+ anaplastic large T-cell lymphoma. Medical treatment was recommended by us but the patient refused the treatment. Then the patient was admitted to our hospital again in April 2014, due to the progression of the his nodular lesions. Physical examination revealed ulcerated and smelly lesions which were covering all of his right-leg and also multiple erythematous indurated regions (Fig. 1).


Review: Political Nature: Environmentalism and the Interpretation of Western Thought By John M. Myer Reviewed by Pramod K. Nayar University of Hyderabad, India John M. Meyer. Political Nature: Environmentalism and the Interpretation of Western Thought. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2001. 210 pp. 0-262-13390- 3 (cloth); 0-262-63224-1(paperback). US$55.00 cloth; US$22. 95 paperback. John Meyer's Political Nature is essentially a reading of two important Western political thinkers: Aristotle and Thomas Hobbes. Beginning with the assumption that our most "fundamental" concern should be with "the ability of our political and social institutions to address environmental problems effectively" (pp. 3-4), Meyer delineates two interpretations of the naturepolitics relationship. The first, the dualist interpretation, is characterized by the idea that "communities sought to tear themselves away from the cycles of nature by celebrating and elevating qualities believed to be distinctively human" (p. 5). This approach therefore sees all Western politics as being completely divorced from nature. The dualist interpretation sees a deeprooted duality as endemic to the human-nature relationship. Instead, dualists argue, we need to acknowledge the inter-connectedness of all life forms. The derivative approach argues for the centrality of "natural right." This interpretation sees Western political philosophy as derived from certain conceptions of nature. There have been two influential conceptions of nature in Western thought. The first, the teleological or organic, is Aristotelian with a Christian reinterpretation as forwarded by medieval philosophers. The second, the mechanistic or modern conception, is visible from the 17th century onward and is the result of modern science. Reading Hobbes and Aristotle's texts in an extraordinarily rich interpretive act, Meyer argues that both thinkers present several common features. Hobbesian thought was caught in the dilemma between state of nature and artifice. On the one hand Hobbes opposed any artifice (intervention) in changing nature or human nature. Yet, he also argued that it is the "lack" in nature that artifice tries to fill. Hobbes' conception of nature argues that man has no natural "ends," while simultaneously suggesting that the end of all politics is peace. Meyer points out that Hobbes' nature "cannot provide a constraint that would prevent the sovereign (understood as an artificial structure) from ordering or organizing human ends even though they are not so 'naturally" (pp. 84-5). In Aristotle's teleological view the polis is the fulfillment of potential within human nature. Human nature itself is the manifestation of a more general nature and this makes Aristotle's polis entirely natural. Yet Aristotle also suggests that any particular regime is a form of artifice, hence lacking a natural telos. Aristotle's conception of nature, Meyer points out, pays attention to the particularities of place in the formulation of ideas/opinions/politics about the nature of the political regime, economic relationships, household arrangements, and educational forms within the polis. Meyer suggests that this is a remarkable move in Aristotle (and Meyer builds on this idea in his concluding remarks). Here "nature and human nature provide the inescapable context within which discussions about the boundaries between different realms of practice take place" (p. 118). The derivative and dualist interpretations of these thinkers offers the following lessons: Nature can offer us a principle in the form of a conception of natural law, and all politics must be derived from such a conception of nature. Both thinkers end up suggesting a subject role for nature since politics is the "master science" (Aristotle) and the Hobbesian ruler is the interpreter-ruler of all realms. However, as Meyer demonstrates, both thinkers suggest that political authority cannot be fully derived from a natural order. …


Open Control Networks: LonWorks/EIA 709 Technology will be an important resource for advanced students of control systems and embedded systems, engineers designing distributed networks, system designers and architects, and others developing smart buildings and intelligent transportation systems.


In this paper, we modify the iterative method for solving nonlinear equations which is based on the idea of the fixed point iteration, namely MSP-iteration. The motivation is to simplify the computation via reducing the number of function evaluations and avoiding the derivative of the function. We propose two methods and illustrate the numerical results with several examples from the references for solving nonlinear equations. The results indicate that our proposed methods provide the good performance in the case iteration counting compared with SP-iteration and MSP-iteration. Keywords : Nonlinear equations, iterative method, fixed point iteration, SP-iteration, MSP-iteration


This paper attempts to address the issue of transporting hazardous materials and the question whether this activity constitutes a significant problem on Arizona's low volume roads. Problems related to lack of data required for most of existing risk assessment models are discussed. A preliminary risk assessment, conducted by the use of a screening model, attested that of the total state low volume road mileage, only 30% may need further, and more detailed, hazardous materials transportation risk analysis. The remaining 70% is currently free of any significant risk.


Abstract. Introduction. The relevance of the study of trends in the reform of the global financial system is due to the fact that it is currently going through one of the most difficult and critical stages of its existence. The traditional challenges in the field of international currency circulation include the steady development of globalization of all economic processes, the development of digital technologies, as well as the impact of powerful exogenous factors such as rapid climate change and the COVID-19 pandemic, which requires a rapid and comprehensive response Purpose. In this regard, this article aims to identify key aspects of the current stage of reforming the global financial system, their general characteristics, as well as changes in theoretical and political approaches to solving problems of the global financial system from the standpoint of complexity. The main research method was the method of induction, which based on the study of a number of primary international documents, theoretical studies and research focused on the initial analysis of individual problems of the global financial system allowed to form a comprehensive vision, identify and systematize major trends in global financial system reform. Results. The article provides a brief overview of trends in global financial architecture, emphasizes the awareness of major players – politicians, international economic and financial organizations, most scholars and key bankers of central banks – the need for closer linkage of monetary and financial processes with the needs of the real economy and international trade, increasing the regulatory role of the state in financial processes, as well as closer international coordination of efforts in the financial sphere, which is especially important for an adequate response to climate change and in the fight against the COVID-19 pandemic. The impact of digital technologies and exogenous factors (climate change and the COVID-19 pandemic) has forced politicians and financiers to focus on the Global Tax Agreement and the European Union's introduction of a transboundary carbon regulation mechanism. Conclusions. The identified trends in reforming the global financial system and their key characteristics, given in this article, can serve as a starting point for further research, both comprehensive and more specialized, as well as contribute to a broader understanding of modern global financial processes in shaping financial policy and adoption management decisions/


Abstract. Pick N, Potasman I, Strenger C, Keysary A, Schwartz I (Bnai Zion Medical Center, and Technion Faculty of Medicine, Haifa; Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness‐Ziona, Israel; New York Medical College, USA). Ehrlichiosis associated vasculitis. J Intern Med 2000; 247: 674–678.


Introduction-- Inflammatory response plays an important role in neointimal formation after an arterial injury. Previous studies demonstrated that periodontal bacteria were detected in atheromatous plaques, however, little is known about the effects of periodontal infection on vascular remodeling after mechanical injury. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are key receptors of virulence factors of many periodontal bacteria. Hypothesis-- We assessed the hypothesis that TLR-2 plays a pivotal role in a periodontopathic bacteria-induced neointimal formation after an arterial injury. Methods-- Each mouse was implanted with a chamber subcutaneously. The chamber was used to inject bacterial infection into the mice. Two weeks after the chamber implantation, femoral arteries were injured and Porphyromonas gingivalis (P.g.), one of the major periodontopathic bacteria, or vehicle was injected once per week into the chamber. Fourteen days after the arterial injury, the murine femoral arteries were obtained for histopathological and immunohistochemical analyses. Results-- In WT mice, the anti-P.g. IgG antibody level in plasma samples of the P.g.-injected group significantly increased compared to the vehicle injection group (6.5 ± 1.2-fold vs. vehicle injected group, p Conclusions-- These findings demonstrate that infection with P.g. could promote neointimal formation after an arterial injury through TLR-2 signaling.


The book offers an invaluable introduction to the topic of the representation of alcohol
in literature and film from antiquity to the present.
The first part deals with literature and includes a genealogy of the relationship between
alcohol and fiction. The authors set two Victorian ghost stories and a Nigerian phantasmagorical
fable as examples of how alcohol dilutes the boundaries between the
living and the dead. The part devoted to film approaches the matter of alcohol both
as a personal vice and a vehicle of social interaction. The authors explore American,
Irish, and Polish films, paying particular attention to the masculinities they portray.
The whole volume can serve as a textbook on these issues. The books and films analyzed
will constitute an ample reading and viewing list for a university course.


This paper explores the commercial shopping street as a site of racialized class struggle. The argument builds around the study of a disinvested inner-suburban neighbourhood in Toronto, which furnishes an ideal case through which to achieve the paper's objectives of, first, identifying commercial space as an important site of contestation over competing suburban futures; second, delineating how processes of racialization inform the economies of commercial gentrification and urban renewal; and third, highlighting the epistemological and theoretical insights that emerge when research is conducted collaboratively, among academic, community, and activist groupings. The paper argues that such commercial spaces play a key role in making the city accessible to vulnerable and marginalized groups. Two competing planning agendas centred on reordering commercial space, meanwhile, spell the almost-certain demise of such arrangements: a "real estate" vision featuring new condominium developments, and a new urbanist resistance favouring "green" and "creative" alternatives. Our engagements with precarious, predominantly immigrant-owned businesses and community-based researchers reveal the complicity of both modes of development planning with processes of displacement and structural racism. Specifying these dynamics as "racialized class projects" opens up space for intervention and organizing.


This study was aimed at examining the relationships between culture and brand loyalty across culturally diverse groups in America. Two cultural dimensions were examined: Individualism vs. Collectivism and Masculinity vs. Femininity. The relationships between these two dimensions and brand loyalty were examined across five ethnic groups: Caucasians, African Americans, Asian/Pacific Islander, Hispanic English and Hispanic Spanish. It was hypothesized that 1) ethnic groups that were more collectivist would display higher brand loyalty; and 2) ethnic groups that were more masculine would display higher brand loyalty. It was found that cultural dimensions are predictors of brand loyalty and that African Americans were the most brand loyal ethnic group.


The computational results for the ten possible geometric isomers (four mer-isomers and six facial-isomers) in the \[Co(ptma)(amp)Cl\] 2+ and \[Co(ptma)(amp)OH\] 2+ systems have been obtained by using an ab initio at RHF/LANL2DZ level (pema = N-(2-pyridylmethyl)ethylenediamine;amp = 2-(Aminomethyl)pyridine) Although the total energies of the isomers f2', f3', m3, m4 are lower than other isomers in these two systems, For the \[Co(ptma)(amp)Cl\] 2+ system, the isomer f3 has the lowest of total energy in the four isomers, however, it is the highest one in the \[Co(ptma)(amp)OH\] 2+ system. Using equilibrate base hydrolysis, three new isomers have been obtained from the isomer f3. It is interpreted as consequences of the C-H...π interaction between the ligands in these isomers.


By the theory of principal function regionalization,the development of Guangxi coastal areas is analyzed.It is indicated that the T-shaped spatial structure of Guangxi economic layout has formed,but there are still some disorder phenomena,that reflects weak marine economy and talent ideas.According to the theory of principal function regionalization,the main driving forces of principal function area formation are from regional differences and regional differentiation regularity of human geography and physical geography environments,as well as the regional comprehensive strength.The regional functions of the coastal areas in Guangxi would have correlationship to those of the surrounding countries and provinces,and the coastal industries should be laid out with reason and the construction of agglomerative core cities accelerated.It is necessary to strengthen the training of marine-related talents,enhance the comprehensive strength of the Northern Bay Economic Zone for forming good marine economy system,convenient traffic system,and perfect international finance service system.All the measures can serve the Northern Bay Economic Zone,the Association of Southeast Asian Nations,the Pan-Pearl River Delta and south-west economic zones,so as to construct the Northern Bay Economic Zone into an important international regional economic cooperation zone.


Relying on two case studies, this paper investigates how new knowledge produced by internal communities is integrated in the hosting firms' activities and procedures. Its main contribution highlights the key role played by boundary structures lying at the interface between communities and the managerial strata of the organization. These structures are instrumental in the boundary work underpinning integration: aligning the communities' outputs with the firms' strategy and negotiating their acceptance by top managers. Their role goes beyond a mere diffusion process and includes combining and adapting the managerial and communitarian logics while preserving the autonomy and internal functioning of communities. Due to their collective character, this integration mechanism differs from the sponsor-leader dyad found in the literature on communities.


International Journal of Emerging Trends in Science and Technology IC Value: 76.89 (Index Copernicus) Impact Factor: 2.838 DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.18535/ijetst/v3i12.19 The Use of Determinants for Constructing Curves and Surfaces through Specified Points Author Getnet Kiros Gebeyoh Department of Mathematics, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Adigrat University, Adigrat, Ethiopia Corresponding Author Email: firstname.lastname@example.com


Cheumatopsyche brevilineata (Iwata, 1927) is a filter-feeding caddisfly without distinct separable generations. We conducted a life history survey of C. brevilineata under a natural thermal regime. This caddis species had a multivoltine life history and their generations partially overlapped each other. From the seasonal change of larval and pupal density, we recognized one overwintering generation and three non-winter generations. We propose a new method to estimate the population size of fourth instar larvae from each generation by using the 'development zero' and 'effective degree-days' methods. The second non-winter generation, developing under the hottest water temperature regime, had the largest population size and highest observed density. The overwintering generation, which developed under the coolest thermal regime, showed the smallest population size but its observed density was not the smallest.


Hong Yuan characterized the k tree with the largest spectral radius.In this paper,a parameter l(G) of k tree is defined,by which k trees with the second and the third largest spectral radius are obtained.


The complexity of the mechanisms of protective immunity against infections is appreciated fully only recently due to modem immunology. With the advent of newer technologies and greater understanding of the molecular biology of pathogens, the conventional empirical approaches to vaccine development have given way to attempts to rationally design vaccines. Attention has been focused on defining the relevant proteins and sequences involved in eliciting protective immune responses to viral and other pathogens and on systems to produce and present proteins and protein sequences to elicit the required protection. My laboratory over the last few years has been involved in defining the biochemical and molecular basis of particular viruses, arthropod-borne orbiviruses, and to rationally design suitable vaccines. Orbiviruses have similar morphological and biochemical characteristics, with distinctive pathobiological properties and host ranges. Three different orbiviruses are under study, bluetongue virus (BTV) of sheep, epizootic haemorrhagic disease (EHD) virus of deer, and African horsesickness (AHS) virus. These viruses consist of seven structural proteins organized in four concentric layers.',2 The innermost components of the virus particle are composed of three minor proteins (VP1, VP4, and VP6) together with the 10 segments of double-stranded (ds) RNA genome. For BTV and presumably for AHSV and EHDV, these are surrounded by a layer of a single major protein, VP3, 120 copies of which are arranged in 12 pentameric configurations to form the subcore.) This subcore is encapsidated by 260 trimers of another core protein, VP7, to form the core partide. The core has a knobby surface appearance in an icosahedral symmetry?.3 The outer capsid also has an icosahedral configuration and consists of two other major proteins, VP2 and VP5, each with distinctive shapes, one globular and the other ~ail-shaped.~ The globular proteins, 120 in number, sit neatly in the


This squib revisits the arguments from Bayer's 2000 article 'Basic order: a significant difference between English VO and German OV' (relating certain opacity phenomena to the VO vs. OV basic order distinction), and shows that Dutch, being OV like German, nevertheless sides with English on most points raised by Bayer.


The fundamental axioms of the quantum theory do not explicitly identify the algebraic structure of the linear space for which orthogonal subspaces correspond to the propositions (equivalence classes of physical questions). The projective geometry of the weakly modular orthocomplemented lattice of propositions may be imbedded in a complex Hilbert space; this is the structure which has traditionally been used. This paper reviews some work which has been devoted to generalizing the target space of this imbedding to Hilbert modules of a more general type. In particular, detailed discussion is given of the simplest generalization of the complex Hilbert space, that of the quaternion Hilbert module. 1 1. Introduction In his discussion of the development of the theory of matrices in the middle of the nineteenth century, in which he remarked that " it seems almost uncanny how mathematics now prepared itself for its future service in quantum mechanics, " Max Jammer 1 recounted how the natural generalization of the real numbers to complex numbers and quaternions played a central role. He cites Tait 2 as attributing to Hamilton the discovery of matrices in a letter to A. Cayley, who discovered that quaternions could be represented as 2 × 2 matrices over complex elements. Hamilton 3 invented the quaternions in 1844; Tait referred to Hamilton's " linear and vector operators, " and called Cayley's discovery only a modification of Hamilton's ideas. Taber 4 , in 1890, renewed the claim that Hamilton had indeed originated the theory of matrices. Gibbs 5 " regarded 1844 as a 'memorable' year in the annals of mathematics because it was the year of the appearance of Hamilton's first paper 3 on quaternions. " 1. John von Neumann, in fact, emphasized the result of Hurwitz 6 , that there are just four normed division algebras, the real (R), complex (C), quaternion (H), and octonion, or Cayley, algebra (O), and that " nature must make use of them. " 7. Herman Goldstine and I set out to investigate the possibility of constructing a Hilbert space, with application to a more general form of the quantum theory, using the Cayley numbers O as coefficients on the vector space (they are not commutative or associative) 8. In fact, the octonions arise in a natural way as a result of the attempt of Jordan, von Neumann and Wigner 9 to set up a quantum theory in which the products of observables …


Information disclosure of listed companies is of great importance to the stock market in China, because sufficient disclosure of information is an issue that calls for urgent resolution to enhance the efficiency of stock market. This article analyzes some issues existing in information disclosure of listed companies in the stock market and finally proposes countermeasures to improve information disclosure issues in the stock market in China.


COMBINED WITH FK506 IMMUNOSUPPRESSION *Yoshihide Morimoto; +*Ryosuke Kakinoki; * Ryosuke Ikeguchi; *Ken Nakayama; * Tomoyuki Yamakawa; ** Suong-Hyu Hyon; *Takashi Nakamura +* Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan ** Institute for Frontier Medical Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan email@example.com INTRODUCTION Autogenous nerve grafting is the commonest method for treating peripheral nerve injuries. However, it is associated with the limit of nerve source and neurological deficits where the donor nerve innervated. Some have proposed nerve allografting as an alternative to autogenous nerve grafting. However, it is hard to perform allograft transplantation. Green tea polyphenols are known to protect tissues from ischemia, show antiinflammatory effects, and suppress immune responses. We previously demonstrated successful nerve regeneration in peripheral nerve allografts that had been immersed in green tea polyphenol solution for one month . Our present concerns focus on whether nerve xenografts that has been treated in polyphenol solution could be transplanted successfully. In this study, a segment of rabbit sciatic nerve that had been immersed in polyphenol solution was transplanted to a nerve deficit created in rat sciatic nerve. We also examined the effects of administration of an immunosuppressant (FK506, tacrolimus; Astellas Pharma Co. Ltd, Tokyo, Japan) on nerve regeneration in the nerve xenografts. METHODS A polyphenol mix extracted from green tea was purchased from PFI Inc. (Kyoto, Japan). It was composed mainly of (–)-epigallo-catechin-3-Ogallate (28%), (–)-gallocatechin-3-O-gallate (11.6%), (–)-epicatechin-3O-gallate (4.6%), (–)-epigallocatechin (15.0%), (+)-gallocatechin (14.8%), (–)-epicatechin (7.0%) and (+)-catechin (9.5%); its purity exceeded 90%. Sciatic nerve segments were harvested from male Japanese house rabbits. They were split into funicles of about 1 mm, then stored in polyphenol solution (1 mg/mL) for one month at 4°C, and transplanted into recipient female Lewis rats to bridge 15 mm-long sciatic nerve gaps. Animals were divided randomly into three groups: one received FK506 subcutaneously at 0.2 mg/kg per day ("polyphenol0.2"); one received 2 mg/kg per day ("polyphenol-2") and one was left untreated as a control. In an additional control (fresh 2 group), with subcutaneous FK506 administration at 2 mg/kg per day, rats enjoyed rabbit nerve segments having been transplanted immediately without any polyphenol storage. Twelve weeks after surgery, electrophysiological and morphological studies were performed to assess nerve regeneration in the transplanted nerve segment. Transverse sections (1 Am thick) were taken from the most distal region of the transplanted nerve for the morphological studies. As genomic studies, genomic DNA was extracted from each nerve segment using phenol–chloroform extraction and quantified spectrophotometrically. Two types of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) studies (PCR 1 and 2) were carried out on each DNA sample. PCR 1 was specific to the rat β-actin gene. As PCR 2, semiquantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification specific to the sex-determining region of the Y-chromosome (Sry) was carried out to confirm the presence of transplanted male rabbit tissues. RESULTS Electrophysiological study. The amplitudes of action potentials evoked in the pedal adductor muscle and motor nerve conduction velocity (MNCV) of the operated limb were expressed as percentages of the contralateral nonoperated limb in each rat. The mean amplitudes of the polyphenol control (0%), and polyphenol-0.2 (4.82% ± 6.9) groups were significantly less than that of the fresh-2 group (18.4% ± 8.8; P = 0.00059 and 0.010599, respectively). However, the polyphenol-2 group (24.2% ± 7.0) was similar to the fresh-2 xenograft group (18.4% ± 8.8, P = 0.221494). The mean MNCVs (%) of the polyphenol control, the polyphenol-0.2, the polyphenol-2 and the fresh-2 groups were 0% ± 0, 52.2% ± 15.1, 47.4% ± 6.7 and 40.5% ± 20.9, respectively. Only the mean MNCV (%) of the polyphenol control group was significantly lower than that of the fresh-2 group (P = 0.000935). There were no significant differences between the mean MNCVs (%) of the polyphenol-0.2 and polyphenol-2 groups compared with the fresh-2 control group (P = 0.549232 and 0.267055, respectively). Morphological studies showed significantly fewer myelinated axons in the polyphenol control (0 ± 0) and the polyphenol-0.2 group (2,954 ± 2,153) than in the fresh-2 group (7,594 ± 3,182, P = 0.036674, 0.000265 and < 0.05, respectively). There was no significant difference between the polyphenol-2 group (5,638 ± 3,643) and the fresh-2 group (P = 0.286571). There were no significant differences between the axon diameters of the polyphenol-0.2 (3.21 ± 0.45μm) and polyphenol-2 groups (4.13 ± 1.14μm) compared with the fresh-2 control group (3.66 ± 0.39μm, P = 0.11095, 0.337468, respectively). There were no significant differences in myelinated axon densities (per square millimeter) between the polyphenol-0.2 (10,361 ± 4,211) and the polyphenol-2 groups (11,083 ± 3,714) compared with the fresh-2 group (10,708 ± 2,933; P = 0.844706, 0.833835, respectively.) The mean ratios of rabbit-Sry to rabbit-Sry plus rat-β-actin of the polyphenol control, polyphenol-0.2, polyphenol-2 and fresh-2 groups were 0, 0, 0.231 ± 0.055 and 0.478 ± 0.071, respectively. There was no significant difference between the polyphenol-2 and fresh-2 xenograft groups (P = 0.6955). DISCUSSION It is known that immune response in the xenografting is mediated by complement factors. This response is usually occurred within several minutes, which is so called a hyperacute rejection. FK506 suppresses the cell cycle of T lymphocytes and the activation of antibody production for antigen. FK506 also binds to folskolin binding protein 12(FKBP12) leading to promoted peripheral nerve regeneration. Thus, FK506 is used peripheral nerve allografting and xenografting. On the other hand the mechanism of immune reduction induced by polyphenol is not fully investigated. We had hypothesized that the combination therapy of FK506 and polyphenol treatment might reduce the rejection including HAR, acute and subacute rejection, leading to successful xenotransplantation of peripheral nerve. The PCR studies demonstrated that about 23% of the nerve cells were derived from polyphenol-treated nerve xenografts in the group receiving FK506 at 2 mg/kg per day. By contrast, 46% of the nerve cells were derived from fresh xenografts in the group receiving FK506 at 2mg/kg per day. The different number of transplanted cells between polyphenol-treated nerves and fresh nerves might explain these differences. Because of one-month polyphenol preservation, the number of cells has been decreased. But we could not detect donor-originated cells in polyphenol-treated nerve xenografts without FK506 administration or those receiving FK506 at 0.2 mg/kg per day in the present genomic study. This indicates that poly-phenol was not effective enough to suppress these rejections for surviving transplanted cells, even if rats were received FK506 at 0.2 mg/kg per day. Considering the results of our studies, polyphenols might not be able to reduce the immune reactions mediated by complements, but Tlymphocytes. According to the electrophysiological analyses, no significant difference was found in nerve regeneration between polyphenol-treated nerve xenografts and fresh nerve xenografts in rats receiving FK 506 at 2 mg/kg per day. However, the mean amplitude and MNCV were significantly lower in the rats enjoying polyphenol-treated nerve xenografts without FK506 administration than those receiving FK506 at 2 mg/kg per day. Moreover, significantly fewer myelinated axons were regenerated in the polyphenol-control group and polyphenol0.2 group than in the fresh-2 xenograft group, but there was no significant difference between the polyphenol-2 group and the fresh-2 xenograft groups. There were no significant differences between the polyphenol-0.2, polyphenol-2 and fresh-2 xenograft groups in terms of mean axon diameter or myelinated axon densities. These results indicated that the number of myelinated axons depended on the dosage of FK506, however neither the mean axon diameter nor myelinated axon densities depended on the dosage of FK506. These results indicated that FK506 might have accelerated nerve sprouting in the transplanted nerve segments. In conclusion, polyphenols acted as immunosuppressants and can be effective in nerve allotransplantation, but their effect was not sufficient to reduce the rejection of nerve xenografts. REFERENCES 1. Ikeguchi R, Kakinoki R, Matsumoto T, et al. Successful storage of peripheral nerve prior to transplantation using green tea polyphenol: an experimental study in rats. Exp Neurol 2003; 184: 688. 2. Ikeguchi R, Kakinoki R, Matsumoto T, et al. Peripheral nerve allograft stored in green tea polyphenol solution. Transplantation 2005; 79: 688.


The emergence of Streptococcus pyogenies resistant to the tetracycline antibiotics has been noted occasionally during the treatment of streptococcal infection of burns with oral chlortetracycline (Lowbury and Cason,


Background: Most empirical investigations in survey research have been conducted using self-reported or self-evaluated item responses. Such measures are common because they are relatively easy to obtain and are often the only feasible way to assess constructs of interest. In order to improve on the validity of self-reports it has become a common practice to disguise the identities of respondents or to assure them of the confidentiality of their responses. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of anonymity on teachers' perceptions of their own teaching skills (i.e. curriculum, pedagogical and assessment skills). Their reporting officers' perceptions of the teachers' teaching skills were used as the reference criterion against which anonymous and identified teachers' perceptions were compared. Sample: A total of 171 teachers and 39 reporting officers from eight schools in Singapore participated in the study. The teachers were randomly assigned into the two groups of teachers (anonymous and non-anonymous teachers) of equivalent teaching skills. Design and methods: To ensure validity of comparisons, measures of perceptions must necessarily be made on the same scale for each of the three teaching skills components. Hence Rasch analysis was done using linear Rasch measures in logits rather than the non-linear raw scores. The measures of perceptions obtained from the Rasch analysis for the three groups of respondents were compared using the analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the Least Significance Difference (LSD) test. Results: The findings indicate that there is no statistically significant difference between the anonymous and non-anonymous teachers' and the reporting officers' perceptions of their teachers' teaching skills. Conclusions: This study has provided empirical evidence that the effect of anonymity is absent in teachers' perceptions of their own teaching skills, namely curriculum, pedagogical and assessment skills. It was also found that the reporting officers' perceptions of their teachers' teaching skills did not differ significantly from the two teacher groups (anonymous and non-anonymous). It is evident that clarity in roles and responsibilities in the appraisal system may work together with national cultural values (such as Asian abasement and moderation) to explain the teachers' self-rating response behaviours.


If all solutions of a discrete linear nonconvolution Volterra equation satisfying some positivity conditions are bounded, it is found that the kernel must obey certain restrictions. These are closely related to known sufficient conditions for boundedness of solutions. Applications to systems of Volterra difference equations are provided.


The studies for peroxidase isozymic electrophoregrams of 19 rice lines isolated from finial generation of rice cultivar Mastumue and water rice were conducted. The results showed that isozymic electrophoregrams of these lines were the same as those of female parent Matsumae, and showed 5 isozyme band patterns: complementary band, new band, complementary and new band, female parental band and female parent band lackage patterns. The results indicated that high generation progenies, acquired some genes of male parent water rice, and in which the genes were expressed.


Over the past decade our understanding of the nature of the plasma proteins involved in blood coagulation and their interactions has been vastly expanded. In particular, those plasma proteins whose syntheses are vitamin K dependent and for which a well-defined role in coagulation has been established-factor VII, factor IX, factor X, ahd prothrombin-have been isolated and well characterized. A unique amino acid, y-carboxyglutamic acid, has been identified in these proteins and its role in metal ion binding explored.l, The amino acid sequences of bovine factors IX and X and human and bovine prothrombin are known 3-8 as are the sequences of the carbohydrate moieties on prothrombin and factor X.9-11 The positions of the proteolytic cleavages that occur concomitant with and subsequent to zymogen activation of factor IX, factor X, and prothrombin have been identified (References 1 & 2 and references cited therein). For some of these proteins spectroscopic studies have demonstrated conformational changes occurring when ligands are bound 12-15 or when zymogen activation occurs.16 All of this information has been accumulated in studies using purified protein solutions or reaction mixtures made by recombining purified proteins and cofactors. The physiologic relevance of proteolytic cleavage products and conformational changes observed in vitro must somehow be assessed in biological systems. We have taken two different approaches to this kind of assessment. One involves the use of conformation-specific antibodies to study protein tertiary structure. The other employs purified radiolabeled coagulation zymogens supplemented to plasma. The changes in primary structure associated with zymogen conversion can be monitored in biologic fluid. Both approaches will be illustrated with studies carried out on prothrombin.


We deal with the degradation detection problem in telecommunication gateways. The time series to be monitored is non-stationary but almost periodic (pseudo-periodic). The authors propose a technique called "optimization of partition model" which generates local stationary models for a pseudo-periodic time series. The optimization is based on the minimal Akaike's (1974) information criterion (AIC) principle. The technique called the sequential probability test (SPRT) is also applied to make efficient decisions. Experiments to evaluate methods for optimization and incremental model update are conducted with real data. The result shows the proposed method is effective and makes more precise decision than the conventional one.


Infrared spectra in the 3-5 micron region have been obtained of Comet Halley after perihelion, at heliocentric distances of 1.6 and 2.0 AU. A broad emission feature, peaking near 3.4 microns and containing some spectral substructure, was observed, while at longer wavelengths only a featureless blackbody emission spectrum was seen. The emission feature probably arises from UV-pumped infrared fluorescence of organic molecules which are either in the gas phase or are embedded in very small grains. In the former interpretation the molecules must be quite large. These results lend support to the idea that comets formed out of interstellar grains whose molecular ice mantles largely consist of nonvolatile complex organic molecules. 21 references.


The study focuses on the patent filing as an important indicator of economic activity in a country. Recently there has been a tremendous growth in patent filing from Asia exceptional being India. The number of patents filed according to WIPO 2006 report from India compared with three north-eastern Asian countries is analyzed and interpreted.India being a hub of intellect lags behind the other north-eastern Asian countries as far as resident and PCT international application of patents is concerned. India needs to address the issue and make amendments to strengthen in this area.


Aim:To explore whether resveratrol (RES) could effectively suppress infarct size or improve neurological deficits during acute period in the Toshima's lacunar infarction (LI) model.Methods:A total of 60 male SD rats were randomly divided into 4 groups. According the methods of Toshima's LI model, 100 μg of sodium laurate was injected into the right internal carotid artery at day 1 and 3 respectively to develop LI model. RES was administered to 3 groups at different doses (the doses of RES were 1 μg/kg,0.1 μg/kg,0.01 μg/kg) via intravenous injection once a day from day1 to day 5, The 4th group was administered the same dose vehicle only. The consequent of 4 groups were examined by posture reflex test and histopathological analyses. Results:72 hours after the second injection of sodium laurate (day 6), 46.7%,40%,73.3%,73.3% rats showed mild to severe neurological deficits in 1 μg/kg,0.1 μg/kg,0.01 μg/kg and control groups respectively. We could find a trend which is RES could reduce the area of infarction under the concentration of 1 μg/kg,0.1 μg/kg, but there was no significant difference between these 4 groups ( P 0.05). Conclusion:It is possible that RES could reduce the infarction area and improve neurological deficits in the acute period of LI. Further study about mechanism of RES needs to be done in the future.


RMT(Reservoir Monitor Tool) obtained good results in some applications,such as reflecting degree of reservoir flood,indicating sand production,identifying gas-bearing formation,identifying oil water contact,determining the water shut-off zone,and re-tapping old well potential.On the basis of log interpretation results analysis in core holes and multi-site applications of RMT logging,discussed are influence factors of interpretation accuracy of RMT logging.Analysis results show that interpretation agreement rate is more 80% to thick layer evaluation with C/O log method,thin layer is main factor affecting interpretation accuracy.Under the condition of layer thick meeting the requirement in RMT log,when porosity is above 12%,the interpretation results are reliable;when the porosity is between 10% and 12%,the interpretation results may be a reference;when porosity is blow 10%,the interpretation results should be carefully applied.On the other side,multi-layer assemble and thick layer un-subdivision are also factors affecting interpretation accuracy of RMT log.The analyses provided the basis for accurate logging data application.


The d15 mode PZT-51 laminated cantilever structure piezoelectric energy harvesters(PEHs)with and without a tip mass were fabricated,and the electrical properties at various load resistances,the transient voltage-time curves and the vibration excitation voltage dependence curve of peak-to-peak voltage in RL=1.0MΩ were measured and compared systematically.The performances of PEHs are improved by adding the tip mass such as low resonant frequency and high output electrical properties,and the peak-topeak voltage of the PEHs increase with the increasing of vibration excitation voltage.The results indicate that laminated cantilever structure d15 mode PZT-51 PEH with tip mass has potential applications for capturing the low frequency vibrational energy from environment.


The present invention discloses a salted vegetable and its production method. Said salted vegetable uses turniprooted cabbage, Chinese mustard, Chinese kale and Chinese radish as main material, uses hot pepper, xanthoxylum, star anise, fennel fruit, dahurian angelica root, amomum fruit, cinnamon bark, apple, pear, crataegus fruit, pineapple, onion, ginger, garlic, edible salt, mononatrium glutamate, chicken powder and sesame oil as flavoring material and adopts the processes of selecting material, cleaning, salting, drying in the air, cooking, finishing and packaging so as to obtain the invented product.


There is increasing evidence that the provision of mental health services is inadequate for immigration detainees. In S v Secretary, Department of Immigration and Multicultural and Indigenous Affairs [2005] FCA 549, Justice Paul Finn held that the Commonwealth had breached its duty to ensure that reasonable care was taken of two Iranian detainees, 'S' and 'M', in relation to the treatment of their respective mental health problems. The lack of proper psychiatric care at Baxter Detention Centre was also highlighted in the Palmer Inquiry into the detention of Cornelia Rau. This article analyses the Commonwealth Government's legal duty to provide adequate levels of mental health services and psychiatric care to immigration detainees as well as the implications of the cases brought on behalf of a child refugee, Shayan Badraie and an Iranian man, Parvis Yousefi against the Department of Immigration and Citizenship and the detention centre operators.


Purpose. The purpose of the article is to assess the socio-ecological and economic efficiency of the organic land-use through the economic substantiation of the organic production development in the Western Polissia regions and its impact on the population health.
Methodology / approach. We used general scientific and special research methods for the study. With methods of comparisons, extrapolations, correlations and the regression analysis, we could give an ecological and economical estimate for costs using for the organic land-use engineering and for the feasibility evaluation of the organic production development. The synthesis method was useful in determining the socio-economic efficiency of growing organic products. The State Statistics Service data, collections of health indicators and the activities of medical institutions in the Rivne region became the initial basis for the present study.
Results. We made the scientific rationale for the organic production development in the Western Polissia, namely, in Volyn, Rivne, Zhytomyr and Kyiv regions, determined the stabilizing costs for the quality condition of 1 hectare of agricultural land. Moreover, the absence of a direct and close relationship between the agro-ecological indicators of soils and the rate of land certification was proved. It was proposed to use the economic criteria for the agricultural land suitability relative to the organic production, as they are defined as informational rather than restrictive. Mathematical modeling helped to evidence the existence of a relationship between the volume of mineral fertilizers applied per hectare of sown area and the level of the population oncological morbidity exemplified by Rivne region, resulting in mathematical models obtained and applied for the predictive estimates of health problems among the population in Rivne region for the coming years.
Originality / scientific novelty. For the first time, the assessment of the socio-economic efficiency of the organic land use was carried out with the involvement of economic justification for the development of organic production in Western Polissia regions and its impact on the population health.
Practical value / implications. Key results of the study are primarily actionable for determining the ecological and economic substantiation of the development advisability of the organic production through the implementation of the ecological and economic appraisal of costs using for the organic land-use engineering. In addition to it, another key result is to set the level of reduction in the population morbidity due to a decrease in mineral fertilizers applicable per hectare of sown area.


Intellectual disability (ID) is devastating condition which is defined using three criteria: reduced intellectual ability, deficit in two or more adaptive behaviours, and diagnosis before the age of 18 years. ID can have various causes, but genetic factors are thought to be responsible for up to 50% of cases. ID is a heterogeneous and complex disorder, and more than 800 genes have been implicated in its pathology. Schizophrenia (SZ) is another complex neurodevelopmental condition that also affects the brain and has a partially overlapping genetic basis with ID. This thesis describes work carried out into the genetic basis of ID and SZ.

The ID project was focused on ID in consanguineous families recruited in Oman. Next generation sequencing allowed the identification of apparently causative mutations in three out of the six families recruited. The mutations are all novel, although some of them occur in previously associated ID genes. The known ID genes in which novel mutations were identified are TUSC3 (NM_006765: exon2:c.222delA, p.R74 fs) and NHS (NM_198270:exon8: c.C4385G, p.S1462C). A novel LHFPL5 variant (NM_182548:exon2:c.T575C, p.L192P) was also identified in an ID family with hearing loss. In one ID family, mutations in two genes not previously associated with ID were found: ANKRD2 (NM_001129981:exon8:c.C883T, p.R295W) and PDZD8 (PDZD8:NM_173791: exon5:c.2197_2200del, p.733_734del).

The SZ project was focused on two SZ families recruited in the UK. Preliminary work on these families had suggested the involvement of homozygosity for genetic variants in the DFNB31 gene and in a region of Chr13q in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. Further experiments to validate the initial findings included testing the overexpression of the DFNB31 variant (R450C) in the SH-SY5Y cell line, pull-down assay and transcript analysis of the genes located at Chr13q.

Identification of the causative mutated gene is an important step in understanding more about the biology of ID and SZ. It also facilitates carrier testing and genetic counselling, and identifies a pathway for potential therapeutic intervention.


The objective of this study was to create a quantitative farm-to-fork risk assessment model for acrylamide formation in processed potato products (French fries and potato crisps) in order to estimate human dietary exposure to acrylamide from these products and to identify possible risk reduction strategies. Various stages along the French fry and potato crisp making process were modelled, including potato harvest, storage and processing procedures, using Monte Carlo simulation techniques. Inputs were modelled using a variety of probability distributions to account for the inherent uncertainty and variability of the input parameters. The model was developed in Microsoft Excel with the @Risk add-on package and run for 10,000 iterations using Latin Hypercube sampling. The simulated mean level of acrylamide formation was estimated to be 317 μg/kg in commercially produced French fries and 720 μg/kg in potato crisps. The models indicated that human exposure to acrylamide through commercially produced French fries may be as high as 0.32 μg/kg bw/day for males and 0.26 μg/kg bw/day for females. This is below the WHO recommended daily limit of 1 μg/kg bw/day. The level of exposure from potato crisps was significantly less than that estimated for French fries (0.052 μg/kg bw/day and 0.064 μg/kg bw/day for males and females, respectively). The level of acrylamide in homemade French fries is likely to be high with a mean simulated level of 1073 μg/kg. A sensitivity analysis indicated that the initial level of reducing sugars was the most important parameter in both the French fry model and crisp model. The results highlight the importance of cultivar selection and process stages such as reconditioning, blanching, soaking and pre-frying, all of which help to reduce acrylamide formation and are stages which are not typically carried out in the home environment.


The Momentum movement and the rise in Labour membership are, Jeremy Corbyn's supporters argue, proof that the party is returning to its roots and embracing ordinary people's concerns. But political scientists tend to be sceptical about intra-party democracy, because party members are usually more radical than the average voter. Fabio Wolkenstein says claims that Labour has reconnected with its "working-class core" are problematic, not least because the working class do not necessarily tack to the left – and indeed many have been attracted to Ukip.


The thermal-wave field in a photopyroelectric thermal-wave cavity was calculated with two theoretical approaches: a computationally straightforward, conventional, one-dimensional approach and a three-dimensional experimentally more realistic approach. The calculations show that the dimensionality of the thermal-wave field in the cavity depends on the lateral heat transfer boundary conditions and the relation between the beam size of the laser impinging on the thermal-wave generating metallic film and the diameter of the film itself. The theoretical calculations and the experimental data on the photopyroelectric signal in the cavity were compared. The study resulted in identifying ranges of heat transfer rates, beam sizes, and cavity radii for which accurate quantitative measurements of the thermal diffusivity of intracavity fluids can be made within the far simpler, but only approximate, one-dimensional approach conventionally adopted by users of thermal-wave cavities. It was shown that the major paramete...


In this work, we report a systematic investigation on Ag‐containing compound widely generated in anode wet etching process of low‐temperature polycrystalline Si active matrix organic light‐emitting diode (LTPS‐AMOLED). The formation mechanism of the aforementioned compound was proposed and confirmed by sufficient evidence. The relevant test results show that, unlike traditional metal compounds, this compound cannot be removed by aqueous oxalic acid solution. Furthermore, the reported Ag‐containing compounds grow and migrate in response to electric fields in high‐temperature and high‐humidity environment (85°C, 85% humidity) to short neighboring integrated circuit pads, causing severe product reliability failure. Spectra test results indicate that products with reliability failure are characterized by reduced display brightness and shifted color coordinates. To improve the reliability failure caused by Ag‐containing compounds, five potential schemes are presented, and most of them are conducted in this study.


The paper describes the operational concept of the Bayerische Oberlandbahn (BOB) as well as the optimised diagram for rolling stock and staff on the network of the BOB. The passenger-friendly time table with the coupling and sharing concept, which offers a hourly service from each endpoint of the branch lines as Bayrischzell, Tegernsee and Lenggries towards Munich, has led to a great increase of the passenger figures. Part of great success is due to the modern and fast Integral Diesel Multiple Units (DMU), which can be operated on regional lines as well as on main lines. These factors, together with the friendly and motivated staff have helped BOB to get the score ,,Good on a nation wide regional railway comparison of the Stiftung Warentest (German consumer organization). Further are discussed the main characteristics of the Integral DMU and their influence on operation and maintenance. The modular concept allows a cost effective production and maintenance of the DMU. The modern diagnostics system enables the engineers to analyse failures and carry out repairs efficiently. Based on the acquired data detailed analysis of failures are being carried out to improve the availability and life cycle of components and sub-systems.


The methodology for performing a systems-analysis study of energy research and development strategies consists of solving time-phased linear-programing problems that describe the energy supply-and-demand system of each participating member country or organization. The specific aim is to determine what energy-related technologies most warrant development. Model development is occurring at Brookhaven National Laboratory and at Kernforschungsanlage (KFA) in Juelich, West Germany. This report describes the data-handling system at Brookhaven. It is designed and developed so that data can be easily exchanged between BNL and KFA. Indeed, the system is designed to handle data for any linear-programing model written in the PDS/MAGEN language. The data-handling system centers around an automated, System 2000 data base. This entity stores the data and allows for simple procedures to change them either interactively or in batch mode. Associated with the data base are standard formats for inserting and eliciting the data and interface Fortran programs to facilitate insertion and extraction. These programs are written very efficiently in the sense that modular subroutines can be used in several different programs without change. 9 figures. (RWR)


Induction of reactive oxygen species (ROS), an important process for the cytotoxicity of various acute myeloid leukemia (AML) therapies including hypomethylating agents (HMAs), concurrently activates the NF‐E2‐related factor 2 (Nrf2) antioxidant response pathway which in turn results in induction of antioxidant enzymes that neutralize ROS. In this study, we demonstrated that Nrf2 inhibition is an additional mechanism responsible for the marked antileukemic activity in AML seen with the combination of HMAs and venetoclax (ABT‐199). HMA and venetoclax combined treatment augmented mitochondrial ROS induction and apoptosis compared with treatment HMA alone. Treatment of AML cell lines as well as primary AML cells with venetoclax disrupted HMA decitabine‐increased nuclear translocation of Nrf2 and induction of downstream antioxidant enzymes including heme oxygenase‐1 and NADP‐quinone oxidoreductase‐1. Venetoclax treatment also leads to dissociation of B‐cell lymphoma 2 from the Nrf2/Keap‐1 complex and targets Nrf2 to ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation. Thus, our results here demonstrated an undiscovered mechanism underlying synergistic effect of decitabine and venetoclax in AML cells, elucidating for impressive results in antileukemic activity against AML in preclinical and early clinical studies by combined treatment of these drugs.


In practice, missing data in pavement condition databases have been one of the most prevalent problems in airport pavement management systems. Missing data present problems in pavement performance analysis and uncertainties in pavement management decision making. A number of data imputation approaches are available for handling missing data. This paper examines the limitations of the conventional data imputation methods and proposes a stochastic multiple imputation (MI) approach to overcome major limitations associated with conventional data imputation methods. A case study is presented to appraise the effectiveness of the proposed approach against three conventional data imputation methods, namely, substitution by mean, substitution by interpolation, and substitution by regression methods. The roughness and friction data of a 4-km-long runway pavement and the roughness data of a 4-km-long taxiway pavement were considered in the study. The effectiveness of auxiliary variables in data imputation models was also demonstrated. Results from the performance appraisal indicated that the proposed stochastic MI method yielded the smallest errors for the roughness as well as friction data. Furthermore, the substitution by mean method resulted in imputed values with the highest amount of deviations from the observed values, followed by the substitution by regression method, and the substitution by interpolation method. Therefore, it is concluded that the proposed stochastic MI method outperformed conventional methods in handling missing runway and taxiway pavement roughness and friction data and provides an effective approach to impute missing data required in an airport pavement management system.


"The creation of small, but formal, enterprises is one of the engines for the process of economic growth with poverty reduction. Among all kinds of policy thought to foster entrepreneurial activity, access to financial services, particularly credit and insurance, usually receives the most attention. The common presumption is that microloans and cash transfers provide the liquidity to poor individuals who want to start a business but cannot afford the start-up costs and potential losses with their own savings."(...)


1D and 2D electrical resistivity methods were combined to investigate the subsurface properties of Egbeta community for minerals and groundwater potential. The Vertical electrical sounding (VES) and Electrical resistivity imaging (ERI) data were acquired with the aid of PASSI-16L-N Earth resistivity meter, using Schlumberger and Wenner array configuration respectively. The VES geoelectric sections were drawn using AutoCAD 2007 version after the data were interpreted with WINRESIST computational software. The 2D data acquired were interpreted using EARTH IMAGER software which helps to automatically obtain the 2D inversion model of the subsurface. The results from the VES survey six layers: sandy topsoil, lateritic clayey sand, sand stone, gravel/coarse sand and sand. The result of the ERI from the 2D inversion model divides the 2D image of the inversion model into three horizontal cross-sections, the first zone having resistivity range of 34.3 Ωm to 850 Ω, with depth range between 0 m to 15 m and lateral extent > 250 m. The middle zone has resistivity range between 600 Ωm to 8689 Ωm, with depth range between 15 m to 86 m. The lateral extent of this region is over 280 m. The third region which is in the deepest part of the subsurface has resistivity range between 580 Ωm to 1200 Ωm and lateral extent > 200 m. Keywords: Electrical, Resistivity, Subsurface Properties, Zones, Aquifer, Minerals


Melinda Pink is on a walking tour in New Mexico when she comes across a human skeleton in a cave. As she stays on in Regis to offer her help, Miss Pink gets to know the few people who live there and learns that a farmhand disappeared a couple of months earlier, after the suicide of a young girl.


Author's Summary— For a concise and clear idea of the nature and effect of the Modern Foreign Language Study the writer recommends Monograph 24 of the National Survey of Education, by Helen M. Eddy. The most far-reaching benefit of the Study has been the adoption of a scientific method for investigation, experimentation, and solution of instructional problems in foreign languages.


1. A process for the continuous production of polyurethanes, comprising the steps of: feeding the polyol into the inlet section of a twin-screw extruder;! ! feeding an isocyanate to the input section of said twin-screw extruder; and! mixing said polyol and said isocyanate in the input section of said twin-screw extruder to homogenize the polyol and isocyanate and the formation of the polyurethane reaction and form a polyurethane product. ! 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising applying a vacuum in one or more sections of the extruder to remove unwanted gaseous components from the product. ! 3. The method of claim 1, further comprising adding a catalyst to said twin-screw extruder after the polyol and isocyanate to accelerate the reaction in the inlet section of the extruder. ! 4. The method of claim 1, further comprising adding one or more solid ingredients after the polyol and isocyanate to said twin-screw extruder. ! 5. The method of claim 1, further comprising control feed polyol and feeding the isocyanate by applying the pump stages located behind the extruder. ! 6. The method of claim 1, further comprising removing undesired gases from the product by applying a thin film evaporator, located behind the extruder. ! 7. The method of claim 1, further comprising adding a pigment to the product by applying a static mixer downstream of said twin-screw extruder. ! 8. The method of claim 1, further comprising adding a catalyst to the product by utilizing a static mixer, located


With the modern science and technology progress, to improve the level of NC skills in colleges and universities, it is necessary to keep pace with enterprise equipment as much as possible, conform to the trend of the times, do not be eliminated, and build a networked production training as soon as possible. In order to improve the level of CNC technology, processing platform, the existing CNC machine to achieve the Internet Plus based network transformation is an inevitable choice, this paper combines the existing situation of the university of CNC machine networking DNC system design and implementation based on the Internet Plus.


Еndodontic irrigants could alter the mechanical properties of root canal dentin. The aim of the current study was tо compare the effect of three irrigation protocols on root canal dentin microhardness and roughness with respect to their concentration and additional ultrasonic activation for the same treatment period. Forty single-rooted, intact upper incisors were decoronated and sectioned longitudinally in buccolingual direction. The surfaces of all eighty samples were polished and randomly allocated into four equal groups (n=20): Group 1: Control group (distilled water); Group 2: 2% NaOCl/2 min followed by 17% EDTA/2 min; Group 3: 2% NaOCl/2 min followed by 17% EDTA/2 min, both ultrasonically activated Group 4: 5.25% NaOCl/2 min followed by 17% EDTA/2 min. Root dentin microhardness was significantly lowered by all of the irrigants regardless of their concentration and/or additional agitation (p<0.05). The surface of root canal dentin was roughned to the greatest extent by the ultrasonically activated irrigation solutions (p<0.001). The ultrasonic activation of the disinfection solutions significantly altered the biomechanical properties of dentin.


1. A liquid applicator for applying a desired liquid to the surface where the applicator comprising: at least one ampoule formed of a frangible material and containing liquid applied; an elongated hollow body, said body forms an internal chamber adapted to accommodate said at least one ampoule; an elongated head projecting at an angle from the body, the elongated head having at least two openings for fluid flow therethrough; at least one mechanism projecting from the housing, said mechanism housing deflects inwardly to fracture said at least one ampoule; and a porous member attached to an elongated head so that the fluid flows through said at least two holes in the elongated head and through said porous element when the ampoule is broken. ! 2. The applicator of claim 1, wherein the elongated head having at least one side and the porous element covers the at least one side of the elongated head. ! 3. The applicator of claim 2, wherein the porous member is molded for applying liquid between the skin folds. ! 4. The applicator of claim 1, further comprising a support partition to divide at least two ampoules, wherein the support baffle prevents the two vials from contact regardless of the orientation of the applicator. ! 5. The applicator of claim 1, wherein the body has a central longitudinal axis. ! 6. The applicator of claim 5, wherein the head is disposed at an angle between 10 and 20 ° relative to the central longitudinal axis of the housing. ! 7. The applicator of claim 6, wherein the head is angled 15 ° from


Community structure analysis is a powerful tool for complex networks, which can simplify their functional analysis considerably. Recently, many approaches were proposed to community structure detection, but few works were focused on the significance of community structure. Since real networks obtained from complex systems always contain error links, and most of the community detection algorithms have random factors, evaluate the significance of community structure is important and urgent. In this paper, we use the eigenvectors' stability to characterize the significance of community structures. By employing the eigenvalues of Laplacian matrix of a given network, we can evaluate the significance of its community structure and obtain the optimal number of communities, which are always hard for community detection algorithms. We apply our method to many real networks. We find that significant community structures exist in many social networks and C.elegans neural network, and that less significant community structures appear in protein-interaction networks and metabolic networks. Our method can be applied to broad clustering problems in data mining due to its solid mathematical basis and efficiency.


The purpose of this study was to examine social problem-solving characteristics and other factors that contribute to the desire to hasten death among ALS patients. Participants completed six measures including: the ALS Functional Rating Scale-Revised, two item Hopelessness Scale, Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness TherapySpiritual Well-Being Scale, ALS Specific Quality of Life Instrument-Revised, Social Problem-Solving Inventory-Revised, and the Schedule of Attitudes Toward Hastened Death. Data gathered was analyzed, using hierarchical multiple regressions, and a Pearson product-moment correlation. Results revealed that the factors of hopelessness, global quality of life, bulbar function, and negative emotion significantly predicted the desire to hasten death among ALS patients. Problem solving characteristics were not found to be related to the desire to hasten death.


Semipolar orientations of GaN have attracted considerable attention as potential platforms for high brightness light‐emitting devices. The heteroepitaxy of semipolar GaN layers results in high densities of threading dislocations (TDs) and basal‐plane stacking faults (BSFs). Various defect reduction methods have been employed to improve the crystal quality of the semipolar substrates, among which the in situ epitaxial lateral overgrowth (ELO) is of great importance due to its relatively simple procedure, low cost, and high effectiveness in reducing density of TDs. We have shown that in situ deposited nano‐porous SiNx could act as a blocking layer preventing both TDs and BSFs from penetrating to overgrown semipolar GaN layers. In this contribution, we present microscopic study of interaction of extended defects (TDs and BSFs) with nano‐porous SiNx in ‐oriented GaN layers grown by MOCVD on m‐sapphire substrates. Cross‐sectional scanning transmission electron microscopy‐cathodoluminescence (STEM‐CL) reveals reduction of BSF density by about 50% for dual insertion of SiNx interlayers. It is also shown that the integrated CL intensity is enhanced by about two orders of magnitude indicating that the majority of TDs are blocked by the interlayers. The interaction of TDs and BSFs with nano‐porous SiNx and defect distribution in GaN nuclei are briefly discussed.


A common observation in metabolic disorders and aging is the elevation of free fatty acids, which can form ectopic fat deposition and result in lipotoxicity. Ectopic fat deposition of skeletal muscle has been recognized as an important component of aging, frailty and sarcopenia. Previous studies have suggested that lipotoxicity caused by free fatty acids mainly stemmed from saturated fatty acids and decreased unsaturated/ saturated fatty acid ratio in serum are also observed among metabolic disorder patients. However, the different effects of saturated fatty acids and unsaturated fatty acids on skeletal muscle are not fully differentiative capacity of C2C12 myoblasts by affecting Pax7, MyoD and MyoG, which are master regulators of lineage specification and the myogenic program. Then, oleate (OA), a monounsaturated fatty acid, were added to culture medium together with PA. Results showed that OA could ameliorate the impairment of differentiative capacity in C2C12 myoblast cells. In addition, we found PI3K/Akt signaling pathway played an important role during the process by RNA-sequencing and bioinformatics analysis. The positive effect of OA on myoblast differentiative capacity disappeared if PI3K inhibitor LY294002 was added. In conclusion, our study showed that PA could destroy differentiative capacity of C2C12 myoblasts by affecting the expression of Pax7, MyoD and MyoG, and OA could improve this impairment through PI3K /Akt signaling pathway.


Exciting new studies are increasingly strengthening the link between mitochondrial mutagenesis and tumor progression. Here we provide a comprehensive review and meta‐analysis of studies reporting on mitochondrial DNA mutations in common human cancers. We discuss possible mechanisms by which mitochondrial DNA mutations may influence carcinogenesis, outline important caveats for interpreting the detected mutations—particularly differentiating causality from association–and suggest how new mutational assays may help resolve fundamental controversies in the field and delineate the origin and expansion of neoplastic cell lineages. Finally, we discuss the potential clinical utility of mtDNA mutations for improving the sensitivity of early cancer diagnosis, rapidly detecting cancer recurrence, and predicting the disease outcome. Environ. Mol. Mutagen., 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


FCS-2282, a 6-page fact sheet by Lynda Spence and Heidi Liss Radunovich, speaks to the importance of children developing intergenerational relationships with older adults. Such relationships can have great benefits for both groups. Includes suggestions for activities for children and elders to do together and an extensive reading list. Published by the UF Department of Family, Youth and Community Sciences, November 2007.


Recent work in this laboratory on the metabolism of the o-, m- and p-dichlorobenzenes in rabbits has shown that mercapturic acids are minor metabolites (ca. 5 % of the dose) of the ortho and meta isomers. In order to identify these acids, the synthesis of the six isomeric L-dlichloro-phenylmercapturic acids became necessary. The present paper describes the synthesis


The sensitivity of two strains of Vibrio cholerae to disinfectant compounds used in food processing, kitchen and personal hygiene has been compared with the sensitivity of a 'disinfectant‐test' strain of Escherichia coli. In a suspension test, both strains of V. cholerae were slightly more sensitive than E. coli to all the compounds. When used in a hard‐surface disinfection test, the vibrios died rapidly during the initial drying phase. Disinfectant products which are effective to control the risks from pathogenic enterobacteriaceae should also be appropriate for V. cholerae.


If content‐driven niche marketing gave rise to the industrial cultivation of fans, contemporary multiplatforming strategies accelerate encounters between audiences, television texts and spheres of production. Audiences are no longer merely cultivated as fans, but also invited in, asked to participate in both the world of the television text and the processes of its production. This paper first examines the economic exigencies served by these strategies. Why invite audiences in? Explored second are the means by which audiences are encouraged to enter both narrative space and the spaces of industrial production. How are audiences invited in? How do these strategies alter the spatial relationships of audiences, narrative and labor? Lastly, attention shifts toward the consequences of these new spatial arrangements between audiences, content and production. How does the proximity of audiences create new challenges for the industry? Ultimately, I argue that multiplatforming reconfigures and enables closer proximity between the spaces of consumption, narrative and labor, magnifying potential for intense audience investments that can potentially conflict with executive and corporate interests. Yet that same proximity often enables the industry to manage such challenges, contrary to claims about the newfound power of fans over producers.


This paper deals with a predictive current control at fixed switching frequency for a grid-connected neutral-point clamped voltage source converter. The method applies three voltage space vectors at every sampling period and the duty cycles are computed using the cost function. The current errors along with the voltage drift of the neutral-point are the control criteria, whereas the switching frequency is constant and defined by the sampling period. Simulations results validates this proposal showing quick response and good current tracking.


A description of the instrument Is given. It is expected to obtain positions, annual proper motions and parallaxes for 100 000 stars in a 2.5 years mission. The accuracy (s.e.) will be <±'.'002 for stars of mg<ll and about ±0'.'006 at mB=14. An extension of the mission to 3.5 years would improve the annual proper motion to ±0'.'0010 for stars brighter than m =9. B Astrometric observations from outside the earth's atmosphere would not be disturbed by refraction, seeing, atmospheric limitation of optical resolution or by instrumental flexure due to gravity. On the other hand, technological problems of the optical system, the thermal control, attitude stabilization and data handling must be solved. Studies by the European Space Agency in collaboration with a Science Team and European industry has shown that these problems can be solved and that the high accuracy mentioned above is to be expected. Members of the Astrometry Science Team are C. Barbieri, E. Hog, J. Kovalevsky, P. Lacroute, R. S. le Poole, L. Lindegren, C. A. Murray, K. Poder and F. Scandone. The optical system is shown in Fig. 1 and the spacecraft in Fig.2. It will be launched into a geostationary orbit and it will spin at 10 revolutions pr 24 hours, so that the two telescope axes will scan nearly the same great circle. Stars will be observed according to a list while they cross a system of parallel slits, Fig.3. The small spot of the image dissector will follow a star for a fraction of a second, then another star, and then back to the first one. An analysis of the recorded photon counts in a ground-based computer will, at first, determine the distance of the star from (say) the centre slit as a function of the recorded time. Next, these angular measurements from a few consecutive scan circles will determine the projection of the stars on a reference great circle, together with instrumental parameters e.g.the very stable basic angle between the two axes defined by the double plane mirror, besides the scale and orientation values of the grid. 783 Patrick A. Wayman (ed.). Highlights ofAstronomy, Vol. 5, 783-787. Copyright © 1980 by the IAU. available at https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1539299600004731 Downloaded from https://www.cambridge.org/core. IP address: 18.104.22.168, on 24 Jul 2018 at 12:34:57, subject to the Cambridge Core terms of use,


This article introduces the key technologies of Automatic Monitoring System Adopting telephone Network for Gas Meters of MetersSpeculation Table.The system function is described,and the basic flow of handware and software is analyzed.


Integrating the work experience, leadership development, and learning literatures, we developed and tested a model of managerial development linking experience in highly developmental assignments, a learning goal orientation, and access to developmental assignments. Based on multisource data on early-career managers, our results demonstrate that the developmental quality of managerial assignments has a positive association with end-state competencies that exceeds the association explained by tenure. Furthermore, we found that managers with stronger learning orientations, especially those with access to growth assignments, were more likely to be in developmental assignments and achieve higher levels of competence based on those experiences.


This paper presents simulation and experimental results of anti-windup PI controller to improve induction machine speed control based on direct torque control (DTC) strategy. Problems like rollover can arise in conventional PI controller due to saturation effect. In order to avoid such problems anti-windup PI controller is presented. This controller is simple for implementation in practice. The proposed anti-windup PI controller demonstrates better dynamic step changes response in speed in terms of overshoots. All simulation work was done using Simulink in the MATLAB software. The experimental results were obtained by practical implementation on a dSPACE 1104 board for a 1.5 KW induction machine. Simulation and experimental results have proven a good performance and verified the validity of the presented control strategy.


The problem of free fall (rising or falling) of an object near the surface of the rotating earth is revisited. Expressions for the eastward and westward deflections of the object, which are normally explained by Coriolis force, are derived directly from conservation of angular momentum of the object with respect to the center of the earth. Launching conditions for zero lateral (east–west) deflections are also discussed. The treatment is simple enough, both conceptually and mathematically, to be presented in an introductory physics course.


Bioeducational sciences are a broad field of study, uniting concepts from many disciplines (education, psychology, and neuroscience). At the heart of bioeducational sciences lie the fundamental questions of mind-brain and nature-nurture relationships linked to educational practical aspects. Bioeducational sciences may have three main lines of research: 1. epigenetic perspectives: studies on filogenetic evolution (evolutionary perspectives) and mind/brain ontogenesis (ontogenetic perspectives); 2. biodynamic perspectives: analysis of biological bases of learning process (biological perspectives) and individual rethinking as a whole (whole organismic perspectives); 3.synergic perspectives: mind is distributed and situated and knowledge structures are embedded in domain specific contexts (cultural and domain specific perspectives). The aim of this volume is to identify key foundational questions and classical areas of study characterizing bioeducational sciences as a field of research that considers both the extent to which biologically prepared structures constrain individual cognitive functioning and the relations between individual cognitive development and cultural domains. Believing education part of the cultural elaboration process and recognizing the importance of neuroscience research findings for educational practice, this volume focuses on topics such as the epigenesis of mind, cognitive development, learning processes, knowledge structures, theories of mind and folk theories, interaction between emotion and cognition, cognition and metacognition, and between symbolic and biological systems, across various disciplines and through a cross-cultural perspective.


A bearing with a rotation sensor capable of detecting an absolute angle with high precision without requiring a calibration work after the bearing is set in an apparatus. The bearing with an absoluteangle sensor comprises a bearing (1) with a sensor and comprises a component (20) with a correction data recording section. The bearing (1) with a sensor comprises a rotation detector (6) providing two analog outputs X and Y having a phase difference of 90 DEG electrical angle as the detection outputs of rotational angle of the rotating side raceway ring relative to the fixed side raceway ring. The component (20) with a correction data recording section is the component where correction data for correcting error when the absolute angle of the rotational angle of the rotating side raceway ringis calculated from the two analog outputs X and Y, and is used as a pair with the bearing (1) with a sensor.


Seasons strongly influence the life cycles of many species on Earth, and it is therefore not surprising that some of the best evidence we have of the ecological response to recent climate change comes from studies of phenology, the timing of seasonal events (1). We know, however, less about the demographic impacts of climate change within each season, how consistent those effects are across seasons and age groups, and if they could compensate or, on the contrary, amplify each other. Cordes et al. (2) provide a detailed analysis of seasonal demographic changes in an alpine mammal, the yellow-bellied marmot ( Marmota flaviventer ), which reveals the complexity of responses to climatic change. For example, increasing summer drought severity led to a decrease in pup and adult winter survival, whereas an increase in summer maximum temperatures and length of the growing season tended to increase yearling and adult summer survival. Overall, negative effects dominated across the multiple impacts of climate change, as the winter season is a critical bottleneck for these hibernating mammals. Nevertheless, the many pathways linking climate change and marmot demography and the uncertainty associated with projected seasonal climatic changes make predictions of the marmots' future very uncertain. Integrating refined projections of seasonal climates and models of demographic changes such as Cordes et al. (2) do is an important challenge for future work.

Cordes et al. (2) used 40 y (1979 to 2018) of high-quality, individual data collected at high-elevation (2,700 to 3,100 m above sea level) sites in Colorado. They used advanced capture–recapture statistical models to relate female survival within each season to environmental covariates measured at the same site. Overall, the observed climatic changes were consistent with expectations: decreasing total snowfall, earlier snowmelt date, increasing summer maximum temperatures, and more intense drought. One of the most striking potential ecological …

[↵][1]1Email: Nigel.yoccoz{at}uit.no.

 [1]: #xref-corresp-1-1


Something seems to be missing from the CMA policy statement concerning physician information[1][1] that was recently published in CMAJ .

Drug companies have been reported to be soliciting physician prescribing profiles from pharmacists as a means of targeting their products to particular markets.


The properties of 6 mm thickness aluminum alloy AA2024-T4 joint by friction stir welding were investigated.The stress-strain curve were obtained by tensile test.The microstructure of the joint were analyzed by microhardness test,optical microscopy and SEM.The results show that: the fracture of the specimen is belong to ductile fracture;the strain fracture appears in the advancing side of joints between TMAZ and HAZ;with the rotating speed of stirring joint at 800 r/min and welding speed at 100 mm/min,the mechanical properties of joints are favourable,tensile strength can reach to 395.7 MPa which is 90.2% of base metals.


The heteropolysaccharides coded as A P-I, AP-II and AP -III were obtained from t he crude extracellular p olysaccharide of Bacillus polymyxa NRC-A by eluting f rom DEAE-cellulose col umn and Sephadex G-150 c olumn. Their chemical structure and m olecular weights were characterized b y IR, GC- MS, periodate oxidation-Smith's degradation and gel permeation chromatography (GPC). These polysaccharides comprised mainly glucose, mannose, rhamnose and glucouronic acid in the ratio of (3.00: 2.10: 1.40: 1.00), (3.40: 2.52:1.00: 2.11) and (4.11: 2.68: 1.00: 3.00) in AP -I, AP-II and AP-III, respectively. The antioxidant activities of the AP-I, AP-II and A P-III were evaluated by DPPH radical scavenging. The order effectiveness of polysaccharide f ractions in i nhibiting free radicals was as follows: AP-III>AP-II> AP -I. The effects of the molecular weight and uro nic acid content of the polysaccharide fractions on t he i mprovement of the b ioactivities app eared to be significant. In addition, these native and modified fractions st ill determined as in-vitro anticoagulant activity. The m odified fractions showed high anticoagulant ac tivity than the native fractions. Keyword: Exocellular p olysaccharide (EPS), Bacillus polymyxa NRC-A, GC-MS, peri odate oxidati on, Smith-degradation, an tioxidant, anticoagulant.


Intrashell transitions in Rydberg atom induced by distant collision with charge particle are considered as a quantum close coupling problem with {ital n}{sup 2} channels included. The {ital closed}-{ital form} {ital exact} {ital solution} for the initial {ital ns} state of H atom is obtained based on efficient use of the Fock{close_quote}s O(4) symmetry group. The results are applicable to the Rydberg atom with non-Coulomb core within the quasihydrogenic approximation. It agrees well with our previous classical trajectory (pseudo) Monte Carlo results. By this the binning procedure conventionally used in the Monte Carlo calculations is justified. {copyright} {ital 1996 The American Physical Society.}


A simulation study on constant pressure variable characteristic with the help of AMESim was done,the characteristic of oil pressure and flow rate for the pump were gained,it can be a reference for the constant pressure variable displacement pump and AMESim simulation application.


Three maize hybrids (Baber, Pioneer 30P45 and Syngenta 6621) were compared for yield and yield components and correlations were worked out among the yield parameters at various nitrogen levels in an experiment conducted at Agricultural University, Peshawar, Pakistan during summer 2009. The experiment was laid out in randomized complete blocks with split plot arrangement having three replications. Nitrogen levels (0, 180, 240 and 300 kg ha -1 ) were allotted to main-plots and hybrids to subplots. The higher levels of 240 and 300 kg N ha -1 recorded maximum and at par number of 1.3 and 1.2 ears plant -1 , ear lengths of 14 and 13.5 cm, grains ear -1 of 422.1 and 481.2, 1000 grain weight of 280.56 and 303.68 g, grain yield of 3281.3 and 3696 kg ha -1 , biological yield of 10889 and 11830 kg ha -1 and harvest indices of 30.1 and 31.42%, respectively. Syngenta 6621 recorded larger ear length of 14.6 cm, larger number of 451.5 grains ear -1 , higher 1000 grain weight of 275.24 g, higher grain yield of 3033.8 kg ha -1 and higher biological yield of 11555.9 kg ha -1 . All these values were statistically equal to those recorded by Pioneer 30P45. Pioneer 30P45 recorded the highest harvest index of 27.8%. The interaction of nitrogen and hybrids affected grains ear -1 , grain yield, biological yield and harvest index substantially. When the nitrogen level was increased from 0 to 300 kg ha -1 , ears plant -1 of Syngenta 6621, Pioneer 30P45 and Baber increased by 20%, 20% and 10%; grains ear -1 by 89%, 55% and 30.7%; thousand grain weight by 37.2%, 29.8% and 45.7%; grain yield by 143%, 151% and 102%; biological yield by 68%, 50.4% and 49.5% while harvest index increased by 45.5%, 66.5% and 36.3%, respectively. It was concluded that among the three yield attributes, ear plant -1 contributed 14.8%, grains ear -1 51.8% and 1000 grain weight contributed 33.4% to the average increase of 132% in the grain yield of hybrids. Based upon the correlations, ear length was also found a suitable marker for selecting a maize hybrid for higher grain yield along with other yield attributes i.e. ears plant -1 , grains ear -1 and


This paper describes and evaluates various stemming and indexing strategies for the Russian language. We design and evaluate two stemming approaches, a light and a more aggressive one, and compare these stemmers to the Snowball stemmer, to no stemming, and also to a language-independent approach (n-gram). To evaluate the suggested stemming strategies we apply various probabilistic information retrieval (IR) models, including the Okapi, the Divergence from Randomness (DFR), a statistical language model (LM), as well as two vectorspace approaches, namely, the classical tf idf scheme and the dtu-dtn model. We find that the vector-space dtu-dtn and the DFR models tend to result in better retrieval effectiveness than the Okapi, LM, or tf idf models, while only the latter two IR approaches result in statistically significant performance differences. Ignoring stemming generally reduces the MAP by more than 50%, and these differences are always significant. When applying an n-gram approach, performance differences are usually lower than an approach involving stemming. Finally, our light stemmer tends to perform best, although performance differences between the light, aggressive , and Snowball stemmers are not statistically significant.


written with Harold James, a historian at Princeton University, and Jean Pierre Landau at Sciences Po. I discuss how diff erences in economic thinking and philosophies made a quick resolution of the euro crisis diffi cult. This story ends on a positive note since these diff erences are not cast in stone. First let me highlight the watershed moments in the euro crisis. Strains in the European banking system emerged in 2007–8, when the US subprime crisis spilled over to Europe. By late 2009 large budgetary gaps began to appear in some euro area members, especially in Greece. The crisis that began in 2010 involved a massive power shift in the governance of the euro area. In the spring of 2010 power shift ed from the European Commission to the European Council, away from Brussels and toward the capitals of the member states of the European Union. Then, in October 2010, Angela Merkel and Nicolas Sarkozy took a famous walk on the beach in Deauville, France, and decided on a restructuring of Greek sovereign debt. This involved the private sector taking a haircut (Private Sector Involvement, PSI). From then on, everyone knew that any political move or even statement would impact the interest rates in countries on Europe's periphery. This limited the political space for initiatives in the crisis countries, and from then on France and especially Germany were in the driver's seat. Then in the summer of 2012, just prior to the Olympic Games in London, Mario CHAPTER SEVEN


Objective:To study the influence and discuss the mechanism of Naoluoxintong Granule on fibrinolysis function in focal cerebral ischemia reperfusion rats.Methods:40 Wistar rats were divided into the normal group,the model group,the Naoluoxintong Granule group and the Tongxinluo Granule group.Contents including tPA and D-dimer in blood plasma were detected by ELISA at 14 day after infarction respectively.Meanwhile,the neurologic function deficits were detected and compared in above groups.Results:Compared with the normal group,contents of tPA of blood plasma were decreased significantly in the model group and the Tongxinluo Capsule group.The content of D-dimer in blood plasma of model group and Naoluoxintong Granule group were increased remarkably.However,the difference about the D-dimer in the Tongxinluo Capsule was not obvious.Compared with the model group,the tPA contents were increased remarkably in the Naoluoxintong Granule group and the Tongxinluo Capsule group,but the D-dimer were decreased significantly in these groups.Conclusion: Naoluoxintong Granule can rise the content of tPA in blood plasma and drop the content of D-dimer in blood plasma,which might be one of the mechanisms of treating ischemic cerebrovascular disease.


A simple, practical model for computing the equilibrium thermodynamics and structure of jellium by classical strong coupling methods is proposed. An effective pair potential and coupling constant are introduced, incorporating the ideal gas, low density, and weak coupling quantum limits. The resulting parameter free, analytic model is illustrated by the calculation of the pair correlation function over a wide range of temperatures and densities via strong coupling classical liquid state theory. The results compare favorably with the first finite temperature restricted path integral Monte Carlo simulations reported recently.


The nerves in the vicinity of the orbital roof, their length, anastomoses and the distribution at the supraorbital margin are described. Included is the length of the trigeminal nerves between the orbital margin and the entrance area of the trigeminal nerve in the pons.


The Art of Thinking is a comprehensive guide to critical and creative thinking that emphasizes what to do rather than what to avoid doing. This text introduces students to the principles and techniques of creative thinking; teaches them how to evaluate their own ideas, as well as the ideas of others; and shows them how to persuade. Organized into four parts - "Be Aware, " "Be Creative, " "Be Critical, " and "Communicate Your Ideas" - The Art of Thinking presents students with a step-by-step process for problem solving that involves searching for issues, expressing the problem, investigating the issue, production ideas, and evaluating and refining the solution. Special features in the fifth edition include new sections on the importance on thinking, testing ideas, and conducting one's own research; and expanded discussions of the problem of remembering and of the distinction between language and reality. These new features, in addition to those retained from previous editions, continue to make The Art of Thinking a valuable and effective tool for promoting excellent critical thinking and writing.


Purpose Whole exome sequencing is a new rapid and cost effective tool for the diagnosis of the epilepsies. Method Our primary aim was to assess the quality of reporting of WES. Secondary aims; to compare the quality of studies based on journal type if recent ACMG guideless have made influenced reporting quality; if any outcome reporting biases exist. We analysed studies of whole exome sequencing in epilepsy. We used a self-constructed benchmark to quantitatively analyse studies, explore retrospectively if reporting trends have changed. Results Total of 307 studies was included. Reporting of data was heterogenous with poor reporting of diagnostic yield in 6% of studies, incidental findings in 11%, variants of undetermined significance in 19%. Predictors of poor reporting included: Journal type, proband status and case reports. Pairwise compari- sons of genetics journals versus other journals using relative risks yielded significant differences in reporting of consanguinity status (RR 1.27 CI 1.04–1.55); variant filtering (RR 1.95 CI 1.41–2.7) and determination of pathogenicity (RR 1.35 CI 1.17–1.56). Conclusion Reporting of WES data in the medical literature is heterogenous, making comparisons across studies difficult. Formal structured guidelines similar to the CONSORT guidelines are needed to address this issue further. firstname.lastname@example.com


This study examined how Korean learners of Japanese correct the morphological errors which commonly occur depending on the learners' level of JLPT. The key results are as follows : (1) The ratio of correct answers for morphological error correction increases as the level of the learner increases. However, even the level N1 learners do not have full knowledge. (2) The ratio of correct answers for level N4 learners is between 100~0.0%, for N3 100?8.3%, for N2 100?20.8%, and for N1 100?54.2%. (3) For each of the 50 questions, the ratio of correct answers (86.0%) generally increases as the level of learners increases. (4) Learning phase patterns for each question are as follows : N4·N3→N2→N1(24.0%), N4·N3→N2·N1(18.0%), N4→N3·N2·N1(18%), N4·N3·N2→N1(12.0%). (5) For all of the levels (N4~N1), the ratio of correct answers isthe highest for question 17 (K are wawatashitomodachidesu.), whereas question 21 (Sokoniooihitogairu.) is the lowest. (6) Questions that have less deviation (question 34, 18, 9, 2, 32…) from the average ratio of correct answers for all 50 questions can be used for short exams to determine the JLPT level of learners.


It is shown theoretically and experimentally that the average electron energy can be determined in a non-Maxwellian plasma of a inert gases from the voltage--current characteristics of a Langmuir probe. The corresponding effective temperature is determined from the slope of the ln i (V) curve in a region whose width is of the order of the average energy near the space potential. The use of other parts of the probe curve results in an underestimate of the electron temperature, by as much as a factor of two in the region of the floating potential for a xenon plasma.