The legal fiction system of authorization and permission has played an important role to enhance competitiveness of private sector through simplified process relieving the burden of businessmen(applicants) and speeding the process up and could be said as appropriate system in contemporary needs of deregulation. But it is not established in legal theory completely. Therefore, we need to review the legal fiction of authorization and permission in terms of legal theory. : the differences between the legal fiction system of authorization and permission and concentrated force(Konzentrationswirkung) in the german legal system, the basis and the object of legal fiction of authorization and permission, the application to authorization and permission etc. and the submission of attached documents, the legal nature of consultation with relevant agency on licensing, the concentration level of licensing procedures, decision method of licensing requirements, and the system of first-admission and later-consultation(licensing in part) etc. And in this article, I tried to show the problems of system on licensing fictionalized legally : unbridled spreading in accordance with the principle absence of introducing the legal fiction on authorization and permission, obscuring in that system, practical using of it, conferring with agencies taking charge of licensing fictionalized legally, requiring package documents and first-admission and later consultation(licensing in part). In addition, I have brought recommendations to improve that system : introducing 7 principles for that licensing system, enhancing plan for making it's process transparent(adopting notice of that licensing system, representing its requirements and authorization and permission legally fictionalized clearly), promoting the convenience for applicant (to introduce part-licensing system and pre-decision, to submit documents step by step for each progress, to give a right of claim on making a measure's standards and asking a explanation of it, to join the process for relevant applicant in licensing step, and to represent notice system of required documents for licensing, including licensing standards in the table of civil petition treatment), reducing the time for authorization and permission(to organize the licensing council such as Package Council for Complex Civil Petition on Construction(Building Act, Article12), to represent the period for asking cooperation and regulations fictionalized legally without opinions in the law of legal fiction), de-regulating the standards of authorization and permission, improving of licensing process etc.


A one of a kind production usually requires a high manual operating effort to finish every part on time. High lead times, great stocks before the work units and very uncertain predictable completion dates are also typical. Therefore, the author started to transfer the flow line concept from the batch production to the one of a kind production in cooperation with several companies. After two years of research a solution was found and three companies began to implement the flow line concept for a one of a kind manufacturing in their daily business. After some minor adjustments the concept today meets the expected results: Lead times and stocks reduce up to 50% and the efforts of operating and progress control minimize. Completion dates can be reliably calculated even before manufacturing starts due to the fixed lead time of a flow line. On the other hand, the effort needed for scheduling the manufacturing is dramatically higher. Therefore, the author developed a mathematical algorithm which allows an IT-based scheduling of the flow line production in a one of the kind manufacturing. This paper will present the concept of the specific flow line production as well as the new developed IT-based scheduling algorithm.


Preferential weld and heat-affected zone corrosion is directly proportional to the process flow, temperature, pH, location of welds within the piping and how active the weld metal is electrochemically when coupled to the base metal. Accelerated decay and possible reasons for this attack are illustrated in this case study.


A study of the effect of drawing on the glass transition temperature Tg of amorphous polycarbonate was carried out. The Tg attains a maximum at a draw ratio in the range from 1.6 to 2.0. The relationship between the change of structure and Tg is discussed in terms of the configurational entropy and the rate of molecular motion in local mode relaxation. The variation of Tg with drawing may be explained by using the iso-entropy theory. The frequency of the maximum in the dielectric loss fmax and the dielectric relaxation strength Δe of the β mechanism changed with drawing in the same way as that of Tg. Based on the parallel behavior in these results, it is reasonable to consider that the β process of local mode relaxation of polyesters such as PC and PET reflects the structure of the glassy state.


The microstrip fed tapered slot antenna was improved with the loaded high resistor and short circuit pin,and a novel ultra wideband antenna structure was therefore proposed.The whole configuration of the novel antenna was optimized with ANSOFT HFSS,and an antenna model for 1~40 GHz was designed on the substrate of FR4.The simulated results show that the limitation of the feed line to the impedance bandwidth is overcome and the antenna size is reduced by 37.4% by the new structure.The antenna is fabricated and its impedance and radiation characteristics are measured.There is a good agreement between the measured and simulated results


Steven A. Mitchell was a supervising and training analyst at the William A. White Institute in Manhattan. Founded by Clara Thompson and Eric Fromm, with Harry Stack Sullivan as a pioneering faculfy member, the White Institute emphasized the theoretical and clinical aspects of the interplay between the individuals and their social environment. Combing Frotnm's view of psychoanalyses as a means to relieve basic human suffering and Sullivan's emphasis on active collaboration between therapist and patient, the White Institute would claim a distinct place in the history of the post-War psychoanalytic movement. With his 1988 work Relational Concepts in Psychoanalysis: An Integration, and his collaboration with Margaret Flack on Freud and Beyond: A History of Modern Psychoanalytic Thought, Stephen A. Mitchell helped cement White's distinct place in this history. Differentiating between Freud's drive theory and relational approaches, Mitchell's central thesis remained that personal relationships and human interaction help determine the nature of human health and ftmctioning. In so doing, Mitchell opened up a space for an integrated and ftexible model of clinical practice.


ABSTRACT During the cyclic gas injection of gas condensate reservoir with bottom or edge water, complicate phase changes and energy conversion take place. A new calculation model for condensate oil saturation is established based on the principle of volume conservation. Moreover, the calculation model considers the influencing factors such as retrograde condensation, connate water evaporation, elastic expansion of reservoir rocks, and external dynamic water invasion. Combining the reservoir fluid property and dynamic production data, this model can calculate the condensate oil saturation under different reservoir pressures quickly. The Case study shows that the condensate oil saturation obtained by this model coincides with the indoor depletion experiment and reservoir numerical simulation. Meanwhile, the sensitivity evaluation of the above influencing factors is carried out. Furthermore, the factors impacting the calculated results from high to low are external dynamic water invasion, elastic expansion of reservoir rocks and connate water evaporation.


In this study, Wareham and colleagues quantified the combined effects of genetic and lifestyle factors on risk of T2D in order to inform strategies for prevention. The authors found that the relative effect of a type 2 diabetes genetic risk score is greater in younger and leaner participants, and the high absolute risk associated with obesity at any level of genetic risk highlights the importance of universal rather than targeted approaches to lifestyle intervention. Please see later in the article for the Editors' Summary


B mesons are unique among well-established non-quarkonium mesons in their ability to decay into baryons. Baryonic B decays offer a wide range of interesting areas of study: they can be used to test our theoretical understanding of rare decay processes involving baryons, search for direct CP violation and study low-energy QCD. This thesis presents measurements of branching fractions and a study of the decay dynamics of the charmless three-body decays of B meson into p{bar p}h final states, where h = {pi}{sup +}, K{sup +}, K{sub S}{sup 0}, K*{sup 0} or K*{sup +}. With a sample of 232 million {Upsilon}(4S) {yields} B{bar B} events collected with the BaBar detector, we report the first observation of the B {yields} p{bar p}K*{sup 0} decay, and provide improved measurements of branching fractions of the other modes. The distribution of the three final-state particles is of particular interest since it provides dynamical information on the possible presence of exotic intermediate states such as the hypothetical pentaquark states {Theta}*{sup ++} and {Theta}{sup +}in the m{sub pK{sup +}} and m{sub pK{sub S}{sup 0}} spectra, respectively, or glueball states (such as the tensor glueball f{sub J}(2220)) in the m{sub p{bar p}} spectrum. No evidence for exotic statesmore » is found and upper limits on the branching fractions are set. An enhancement at low p{bar p} mass is observed in all the B {yields} p{bar p}h modes, and its shape is compared between the decay modes and with the shape of the time-like proton form factor. A Dalitz plot asymmetry in B {yields} p{bar p}K{sup +} mode suggests dominance of the penguin amplitude in this decay and disfavors the possibility that the low mass p{bar p} enhancement originates from the presence of a resonance below threshold (such as the recently seen baryonium candidate at 1835 MeV/c{sup 2}). We also identify decays of the type B {yields} X{sub c{bar c}}h {yields} p{bar p}h, where h = K{sup +}, K{sub S}{sup 0}, K*{sup 0} or K*{sup +}, and X{sub c{bar c}} = {eta}{sub c} or J/{psi}. In particular, we report on the evidence of the B {yields} {eta}{sub c}K*{sup +} decay and provide a measurement of the width of {eta}{sub c}.« less


In an otherwise balanced and erudite review of the revised edition of my book 'Dynamical hierarchical control' \IEEProc. D, Control Theory & Appl, 1982, 129, (5), p. 211], the reviewer (Prof. P.D. Roberts) pointed out that my statement in Chapter 3 that the 6th-order dynamical nonlinear example of two coupled synchronous machines was the highest-order nonlinear dynamical problem that had so far been treated by hierarchical techniques was false probably when the first edition was published (1977) and certainly when the second one was published (in 1980). I certainly have not seen a higherorder nonlinear dynamical problem treated by hierarchical techniques in the mainstream literature, up to the end of 1979 when the revised edition went to the press. The reviewer's words 'but the statement is certainly false at the time of the second edition, which itself contains an example of a 20th-order system consisting of 11 coupled machines, albeit using a linearised model' are misleading, since my statement in Chapter 3 obviously dealt with nonlinear problems treated as such and not with linearised versions of the same.


Aiming at developing more efficient and robust genetic algorithms (GA) over the Internet, a new asynchronous, coarse-grain parallel genetic algorithm model is proposed in this paper. On the basis of the model, we present a design pattern for Web-based parallel GA, which captures design solutions to core problems in implementing Web-based parallel GA. This design pattern can achieve high degree of parallelism, can handle the high communication latency and low communication bandwidth problems of the Internet, and can contribute to building more robust Web-based parallel GA.


To simulate the combustion process under stratified charged conditions, like GDI engines, the new combustion model is proposed, which is based on Weller's FAE model and Peters' PDF model for considering primary reactions. In addition to these models, the new laminar burning velocity correlation and diffusion flame model are also included in the proposed model. The former can be applicable to much wider range of equivalence ratio, pressure and temperature than the others, such as Keck's and G?ider's models, and the latter has been derived from water-gas shift reaction and hydrogen oxidation, by which the secondary reactions can be considered after primary reactions.
3-D computation has been performed by using STAR-CD v3.05 in the simple cylindrical geometry under stratified charged condition. Judging from the calculated results, the present model proves to be reasonable to simulate the characteristics of flame propagation and concentrations of products in burned regions.


Free body diagrams are a pictorial representation of a body with forces acting on it. Developing the skill to draw and interpret free body diagrams is imperative in an engineering curriculum as it helps students visualize and comprehend the problem. Engineering students tend to have difficulty using free body diagrams due to a lack of spatial understanding, especially when dealing with three-dimensional static problems. Students are often required to draw free body diagram on paper as part of their problem solutions. While this approach is adequate, it still does not allow students to interact with and develop a deeper understanding of free body diagrams. Educational tools developed to build on the understanding of free body diagrams are either limited to a two-dimensional space or does not provide students a comprehensive platform to completely solve a static problem. In this paper, the authors propose a digital platform that allows students to solve both two and three-dimensional free body diagrams for unknown forces. The platform incorporates Merrill's Principles of Learning and a clear workflow diagram to assist students in better understanding free body diagrams. The proposed solution also presents an improved feedback system to improve the learning experience of students. Furthermore, the proposed solution addresses the needs of instructors by providing them the means to analyze their students' performance at different stages of the problems.


The present paper analyses humorous stories circulating among Ethiopian immigrants now living in Israel. Typically told at community gatherings, these narratives articulate the drama of dislocation and the traumatic encounter with life in Israel, by focusing on the embarrassing clash of the quintessential "traditional" Ethiopian, with a new land-scape, time-scape, and body-scape. Characterised by an easy spirit, the revelation of innocence met with forgiving and accepting laughter, these stories enable internalisation and mediation of common ambivalences and vulnerabilities, converting them into elements of pleasure.


Nutrition both before and after birth is carried out in conjunction with hormones and other biologically active regulatory factors and therefore has a direct effect on the formation of various levels of the body's functional systems, homeostasis and adaptation [1,5,14,16,17]. Considering that in the early postnatal period of mammalian life, nutrition is carried out with breast milk, which contains, along with nutrients, a huge mass of regulatory ingredients that are absorbed in their native form, as well as the fragmentation of ideas about the mechanisms of digestion and absorption at this age, we examined in this work ultrastructural mechanisms of protein absorption from the small intestine to the blood.


To use workflow to meet the needs of shipborne combat system in the future.This paper analyzed the informationization,persistence,reorganization of flow processed which caused by the sea war in the future.Combine the technique situation of commercial work flow,introduce work flow technique to meet the above requirement.Base on the commercial work flow,puts forward the main composition interrelation etc.of work flow system.The result of present research will have instructive meaning to the development of shipborne combat system.


This study aims to empirically examine the effect of perceptions of trust, perceived ease, perceived risk and security perceptions of interest in using internet banking for bank customers in the city of Yogyakarta. The population used is the sample customer used is a bank customer in the city of Yogyakarta who uses internet banking. The sample in this study amounted to 75 respondents who were selected by purposive sampling method. Processing data using multiple analysis regression with SPSS 15.0.
Based on the analysis that has been carried out from the four hypotheses proposed, three hypotheses are accepted and one hypothesis is rejected. The hypothesis on the variables of trust perception, perceived ease, perceived risk is accepted while security perceptions are rejected.


Ordered Weighted Averaging (OWA) operators have been integrated in Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) for image classification through the OWA layer. This layer lets the CNN integrate global information about the image in the early stages, where most CNN architectures only allow for the exploitation of local information. As a side effect of this integration, the OWA layer becomes a practical method for the determination of OWA operator weights, which is usually a difficult task that complicates the integration of these operators in other fields. In this paper, we explore the weights learned for the OWA operators inside the OWA layer, characterizing them through their basic properties of orness and dispersion. We also compare them to some families of OWA operators, namely the Binomial OWA operator, the Stancu OWA operator and the exponential RIM OWA operator, finding examples that are currently impossible to generalize through these parameterizations.


Objective: In view of concerns about toxicity and deliverability of induction chemotherapy and its impact
on subsequent chemoradiotherapy, a retrospective review was carried out with patients treated for locally
advanced head and neck cancer (LAHNC) in a single centre between 2007-2017.
Patients and Interventions: Patients with LAHNC and good performance status receiving induction
chemotherapy with docetaxel, cisplatin and 5-fluorouracil (TPF) followed by chemoradiotherapy to 70Gy
in 35 daily fractions with platinum-based chemotherapy.
Main Outcome Measures: Overall and cause-specific survival, rates of locoregional recurrence or distant
metastasis, treatment-related toxicity.
Results: One hundred and eight patients with LAHNC were treated with 1-4 cycles of TPF (95 receiving
two cycles) followed by chemoradiotherapy. The mean delivered dose intensity was 97.6% for all TPF
cycles. Median interval from the start of the final cycle of TPF to the start of radiotherapy was 24 days, with
92/103 (89%) starting radiotherapy within 28 days. Median radiation treatment time was 47 days. The mean
delivered dose intensity for chemotherapy delivered concurrently with radiotherapy was 97%. There were
significantly fewer dose reductions in those receiving platinum/5FU combinations than platinum only
regimes (P < 0.0001). For those receiving two cycles of TPF, 90% of patients completed the whole course
of treatment within 14 weeks (median overall treatment time 13.1 weeks). There were four treatment-related
deaths during induction chemotherapy and none during radiotherapy. Twenty-five developed locoregional
failure and 13 distant metastases (both in eight). Actuarial overall survival was 60.7% at five years, with
progression-free survival of 77.9% at two years and 74.1% at five years. For oropharynx cancers, overall
survival was 70.4% and progression-free survival 80.8% at five years.
Conclusion: Although significant toxicity from TPF was observed, with appropriate support, it is possible
to complete treatment without undue compromise of subsequent treatment.


Treatments for head and neck cancer (HNC) have evolved over time, resulting in an increase in outpatient delivery and shorter hospital stays. Head and neck cancer (HNC) patients experience major ch...


In this paper, we consider three options for using WDM (Wavelength Division Multiplexing) technology to carry IP traffic. First, WDM multiplexers/demultiplexers (transmission technology) can be used on direct physical links between IP routers to increase the transmission bandwidth of fibers. Second, WDM networking technology (with reconfigurable add/drop multiplexers, crossconnects, and tunable lasers) can be used in a provisioned mode, where lightpaths are established a priori. Third, WDM networks can be used in a switched mode, where lightpaths are set up and released on demand. We address the user-plane protocol stack problem and routing problem in all three cases. We conclude that the first option is clearly a winner as already proven in its widespread use. The success of the second option for carrying IP traffic is dependent on (i) whether equipment costs for WDM can be kept lower than with other networking technologies, and (ii) whether traffic shaping is possible at the edges of the WDM circuit-switched network to enable it to carry bursty self-similar IP traffic in a bandwidthefficient manner when compared to other networking technologies. Finally, we proposed the use of the third option for large file transfers, which is an application for which circuit switching is a better networking alternative than packet switching.


Monolingual, English‐speaking 5‐year‐olds, 9‐year‐olds, and adults heard stimuli from two ''native,'' synthetic continua, in which the vowels ranged from English /i/ to /i/ in the context /b—b/ or /b—p/. Thus the endpoints of the first continuum constituted a word and a nonword (''bib'' vs *''beeb''); the reverse held for the second continuum (*''bip'' vs ''beep''). Other subjects heard stimuli from two ''foreign'' continua, where the vowels ranged from English /i/ to a foreign vowel /y/ in the contexts described above. Thus the endpoints of the first continuum corresponded to a word and a nonword (''bib'' vs *''bYb''); both endpoints of the second continuum corresponded to nonwords (*''bip'' vs *''bYp''). After training on endpoints, subjects' identifications of the nine stimuli of a given continuum were examined to assess whether: children, like adults, exhibit a ''lexical bias'' effect for familiar vowels (from the ''native'' continua); vowel categories not bounded by another native vowel (as in the ''...


This paper deals with the positioning accuracy of a pneumatic stage. In the control of a pneumatic stage, parameter variation of pneumatic system due to air compressibility is one of the important issues. It reduces the performance of PDD2 control, which is the position control of a pneumatic stage, and leads to low positioning repeatability. To compensate for the parameter variation, this paper proposes to apply model following control (MFC) to a pneumatic stage. In our research, the effectiveness of MFC has been previously verified through experiments. However, the effectiveness is limited to low-speed positioning. Therefore, in this paper, to achieve the effectiveness in high-speed positioning, consideration of model and change of controller in MFC are carried out. As a result, the effectiveness of MFC in high-speed positioning is verified experimentally.


Stephen Hawking writes, "In real time, the universe has a beginning and an end at singularities that form a boundary to space-time and at which the laws of science break down. But in imaginary time, there are no singularities or boundaries. So maybe what we call imaginary time is really more basic …" ("A Brief History of Time" by Stephen Hawking - Bantam Press, 1988, p.139) When Hawking says there are no singularities in imaginary time, can his statement relate to physics? Or is it purely mathematical, in which case it would reinforce the idea that the universe began with a singularity and a Big Bang? I believe imaginary time has physical meaning since it can be developed from space-time where parallel lines become perpendicular without any motion occurring. Such a feat depends on a particular form of General Relativity's space-time curvature. It leads to new cosmology and quantum physics that includes deletion of distance on every scale – plus a method for cosmogenesis or creation of the universe. This author has a habit of copying and pasting. I've done it in the past to present an idea in different contexts, hoping that would demonstrate the idea's validity. In this article, sentences are added to my recycling – showing that I still believe in the basic idea I started with, but adding information (sometimes from mathematics) to support that basis. In addition, I've included a 600-word summary at the start that was inspired by a reply I gave to HarryT in the vixra forums (where I write as rodney1956) as well as by the 2012 Nature Letter "Quantum teleportation over 143 kilometres using active feed-forward " (http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v489/n7415/full/nature11472.html). The summary uses strings to unite fields and matter. I've decided to call the strings bits (Binary digITS) that aren't only regarded as units of information, but also as quantum-size pulses of energy.


The article discusses the negotiations surrounding the treatment of journalistic content in relation to content regulation in the context of the European Union's Digital Services Act. News media organisations lobbied for a privileged treatment of editorial content from platforms' content moderation systems during the Digital Services Act's negotiations in the European Parliament, which came to be known as 'non-interference principle'. Although the principle did not make it to the final version of the Digital Services Act, a provision related to the respect of media pluralism and media freedom by platforms was added. This article draws data from in-depth interviews with stakeholders, as well as from an analysis of legal and communication documents. It aspires to shed light on the political-economic tensions that shaped the final version of Digital Services Act and how the European Union attempted to integrate the asymmetric relationship between news media and platforms in its regulatory agenda.


This analysis focuses on the economical transformation occurred in the State of Sinaloa as a result of the fact that mining ceased to be the mainstay of such State, which torch was taken up by agriculture, thus, standing out both, at domestic and international level. Within this development, agriculture suffered significant transformations; it abandoned traditional growing, producing and trading forms and placed itself in the so called commercial agriculture. Such agriculture, characterized by produce specialization and the needs of markets located far away from the producing centers resulted in a reconversion thereof; therefore, without abandoning traditional produce such as cereal, vegetables, sugar cane and others, the agricultural business persons cultivated as they still do today a wide variety of horticultural produce for the international market, being tomatoes in the lead.


This article focuses on the general history of the Fourth Way in Finland. The Fourth Way, or simply 'the Work', began as a Greco-Armenian man named Georges Ivanovich Gurdjieff (1866?–1949) gathered groups of pupils in St Petersburg and Moscow in 1912. To these groups, Gurdjieff started to teach what he had learned and synthesized between ca 1896 and 1912 during his travels on spiritual search of Egypt, Crete, Sumeria, Assyria, the Holy Land, Mecca, Ethiopia, Sudan, India, Afghanistan, the northern valleys of Siberia, and Tibet. Neither Gurdjieff nor any of his disciples called themselves a church, a sect, or anything alike, but referred to themselves simply as 'the Work', or as 'the Fourth Way'. The name 'the Fourth Way' originates in a Gurdjieffian view that there are essentially three traditional ways of spiritual work: those of a monk, a fakir, and a yogi. These ways do not literally refer to the activities of a monk, a fakir, and a yogi, but to similar types of spiritual work emphasizing exercise of emotion, body, or mind. Gurdjieff's teaching is a blend of various influences that include Sufism, orthodox Christianity, Buddhism, Kabbalah, and general elements of various occult teachings of both the East and the West. Gurdjieff's teaching is a blend of various influences that include Sufism, orthodox Christianity, Buddhism, Kabbalah, and general elements of various occult teachings of both the East and the West. It is a unique combination of cosmology, psychology, theory of evolution, and overall theory and practise aiming to help individuals in their efforts towards what is called 'self-remembering'.


The nanimprint lithography technology was used on the optical glass substrate of organic light-emitting diodes (OLED). By optimizing nanoimprint process 2-dimensional micro-structures were fabricated on the substrate. The parameters of micro-structures such as period, diameter and length were optimized using Finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) and finally, the optical crystal micro-structure with 500nm period, 300nm diameter and 500nm length was fabricated. The basic structure of the devices fabricated on the micro-structure substrate is Glass/ LTO/photonic / ITO/ MoO3/NPB/Alq/LiF/Al. The light outcoupling efficiency can be increased effectively due to the photonic band gap effect produced by photonic crystal structures on the substrate of OLED. The measuring result showed that both the emission spectrum and the light intensity were increased.


In a vehicle hydraulic drive which has one of a variable displacement pump (2) and a hydraulic motor (10) existing hydraulic circuit, the variable displacement pump (2) by a diesel engine (1) is driven. When braking or coasting of the vehicle, the hydraulic motor to the pump and drives the variable displacement pump (2) searches in its turn as an engine to the diesel engine (1) and acts to accelerate this. The thus obtained and intended braking action involves the risk that the diesel engine (1) inadmissible reaches high speeds. The braking is thus controlled in such a way that in the line (12) between the hydraulic motor (10) and the variable displacement pump (2) a Nullhubventil (16) is arranged, which via the Nullhubverbindungsleitung (21) on the pivot angle of the variable displacement pump (2 ) acts. The control is effected in such a manner that the product of the displacement volume of the variable displacement pump (2) and the pressure of the hydraulic liquid in the conduit (12) in front of the variable displacement pump (2) remains approximately constant. In addition, even the throttle valves (13) may be present. The new solution has the advantage that the stopping power of the diesel engine is optimally utilized and only a part of the flow energy of the hydraulic fluid has to be converted into heat.


The gyromagnetic ratios of neon and argon in their metastable $^{3}P_{2}$ states have been measured by the atomic beam magnetic resonance method. The results are ${g}_{J}(\mathrm{Ne}, ^{3}P_{2})=1.500888\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.000005$ and ${g}_{J}(\mathrm{A}, ^{3}P_{2})=1.500964\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.000008$, in agreement with the less precise optical spectroscopic measurements. Theoretical values, including radiative and relativistic effects, are ${g}_{J}(\mathrm{Ne}, ^{3}P_{2})=1.50088$ and ${g}_{J}(\mathrm{A}, ^{3}P_{2})=1.50095$, in good agreement with the experimental values. In addition, the Zeeman transition frequency for neon has been measured as a function of magnetic field to obtain evidence that the magnetic moment of ${\mathrm{Ne}}^{20}$ is less than 4\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\ensuremath{-}4}$ nuclear magneton and hence that the spin of ${\mathrm{Ne}}^{20}$ is probably zero.


Recently, the conserved human LINC/DREAM complex has been described as an important regulator of cell cycle genes. LINC consists of a core module that dynamically associates with E2F transcription factors, p130 and the B‐MYB transcription factor in a cell cycle‐dependent manner. In this study, we analyzed the evolutionary conserved LIN54 subunit of LINC. We found that LIN54 is required for cell cycle progression. Protein interaction studies demonstrated that a predicted helix–coil–helix motif is required for the interaction of LIN54 with p130 and B‐MYB. In addition, we found that the cysteine‐rich CXC domain of LIN54 is a novel DNA‐binding domain that binds to the cdc2 promoter in a sequence‐specific manner. We identified two binding sites for LIN54 in the cdc2 promoter, one of which overlaps with the cell cycle homology region at the transcriptional start site. Gel shift assays suggested that, in quiescent cells, the binding of LIN54 at the cell cycle homology region is stabilized by the binding of E2F4 to the adjacent cell cycle‐dependent element. Our data demonstrate that LIN54 is an important and integral subunit of LINC.


Acute respiratory distress syndrome is one of the serious complications after severe multiple fractures,which may occur during improper orthopedic operation.The episode of acute respiratory distress syndrome is unexpected,quickly to get worse,and has a high mortality.Much attention should be paid to patients of post-trauma and during orthopedic operation.This review aims to discuss the recent pathogenetic advances of acute respiratory distress syndrome after severe multiple fractures.


With the rapid development of global financial markets, the volatility of these markets is further exacerbated. Under the influence of global finance, the volatility of China's stock market increased. Investors have to suffer more risks by the growing volatility. A good way to measure the risk is quite necessary. In this paper we selected mainland China, Hong Kong, Taiwan's stock index return rates as the research objects to analyze the risk of China stock market under different economic systems. Considering the peak and fat-tail characteristics of the stock index return sequences, we established the VaR calculation which based on the GARCH model to make empirical research on these three stock indexes, and also verified the accuracy of VaR values. This study finds that the measurement of risk based on GARCH model is valid, and also analyzes the relationship between different measurement effects and economic systems.


The most well-known data hiding technique is steganography and the potential for exploiting them in security computing Government and corporate communications. This technology allows for a variety of digital covers to be used without attracting attention to the fact that information is included in the digital material. Key space and security are two fundamental aspects of steganography, in general, it has a direct impact on the proposed method. A chaotic system is utilized in many steganography techniques as an extra layer of protection and to expand the key space in the proposed system. The most essential reason for employing chaotic systems in the coding process is their control parameters and sensitivity to primary conditions, which is one of the most significant aspects of these systems. A new hiding strategy based on a new five-dimensional hyperchaotic system has been proposed in this research with the key space 2651. This system had two stages the first stage is a scramble process, in which a random sequence has been generated from the system's equations to scramble the secret image by the new location, and the second is the XOR process between the second sequence generated from the proposed system and the scrambled secret image from the previous stage and obtain the encrypted secret image, after that the encrypted secret image is then hidden using discrete wavelet transform(DWT) and Discrete cosine transform(DCT) techniques. The experimental results have been demonstrated that the proposed system's performance is efficient in terms of security, robustness, and resistance to statistical analysis attacks. So, The PSNR of embedding phase reaching up to (56.958) dB, MSE is near to (0), and SSIM is near to (1). On the other hand, secret image is recovered with PSNR reaching $(\infty)$, MSE being (0), and SSIM being (1).


Recently, formulae have been derived for maximum flow depths and velocities on the crest and inner slope of dikes or levees at wave overtopping. Two independent physical model test programs in different wave flumes showed, however, a large difference in the results. The present paper clarifies this discrepancy and shows that the empirical coefficients are dependent on the gradient of the outer slope. Subsequently, a formula for the overtopping time was created, based on the difference between fictive wave run-up and crest freeboard. The overtopping time appeared not to be a function of the outer slope. The variation of flow depth and velocity in time can be approached with a linear function.


This paper documents the development of a new approach to child and adolescent centered psychotherapeutic work in groups and with individuals. The work is with young survivors of political violence who all suffer from the problematic and troubling impact on them of violence, scapegoating, separation, loss and the many changes in their external and internal worlds during their developmental years.


The article presents part of the story of a young man through the objects which are important to him. We reflect together on how things gain and lose meanings, emotional and symbolic value. This is an at-tempt to present, how objects mediate between what is material and social, how they are used and what meanings are assigned to them. An important aspect of these considerations is to show, how important is our everyday life in learning and understanding of human functioning, as well as things contrib-ute to it and how daily contact with these objects, shapes identity and individual and cultural memory.


We present a new spiritual yoga practice consistent with modern neuroscience research on optimizing consciousness and sleep. New and unexpected research documents how sleep cleans the brain to optimal states of being. This research can help us understand the scientific dynamics of how faith, belief, meditation and spiritual practices of all cultures throughout the ages operate. We propose how personal and unique experiences of the 4-stage creative cycle during life transitions optimize health and happiness. Very gentle practices of a new spiritual yoga are outlined so everyone can easily experience the new RNA/DNA theory of the quantum transformations of consciousness and creative cognition in everyday life as well as art, the humanities and science.


Introduction : Type 2 Diabetes mellitus (T2DM) with increased prevalence is associated with complications in eyes. Visual impairment arises as a result of correctable or an uncorrectable factor. The refractive errors, one of the correctable factors can be effectively resolved. The present study was conducted to compare the visual acuity in T2DM and non diabetic subjects and also to evaluate the association between plasma glucose levels and visual impairment. Subjects and Methods: This was a cross sectional study was conducted among the 180 T2DM patients and 160 non diabetic patients and the visual acuity for distance vision were evaluated. The estimation of FPG (Fasting plasma glucose) and PPPG (Postprandial plasma glucose) were done among the study participants using standard methods. Results : Among the T2DM patients the prevalence of mild and moderate visual impairment was found to be 25% and 45%. Meanwhile in non diabetic participants the prevalence of mild and moderate visual impairment was 11% and 18%. No severe or blind case was reported. Visual acuity of both the eyes showed a positive correlation with the FPG (p<0.05) fasting and PPPG (p<0.05) levels. The overall prevalence of visual impairment among the T2DM was 70% and in non-diabetics it was 29%. Conclusions : Type 2 diabetes mellitus is associated with increased prevalence of visual impairment in comparison with non-diabetic population


In this study, we explore a new way of controlling the carrier dynamics of semiconductor optical amplifiers (SOAs) by using a tunneling injection structure, which allows for high-speed operation. The proposed SOA uses carrier reserving to compensate for the decreased carriers caused by signal amplification. We can control the SOA operation properties for high-speed signals by adjusting its characteristics of carrier injection from the reservoir layer to the active layer. Numerical simulations showed that this structure has the potential to suppress signal distortion at a high operation speed of 100 Gbps.


In his article "Reflexive Predictions" in a recent issue of this Journal [1], Professor Roger C. Buck refers to our theorem concerning correct public prediction of economic and, in general, social events [2]. Unfortunately he misunderstands the nature of our theorem. He begins by stipulating the infinite regress which originally led to the belief that correct public prediction in the social sciences might be impossible: the forecaster who attempts to take into account the agent's reaction to his public prediction, finds his adjusted public prediction again falsified by the agent's reaction to it, and so on ad infinitum [3]. Professor Buck then makes an admittedly tempting mistake. He argues that, provided the sequence of public predictions-each one adjusted for the agent's reaction to its predecessor-converges towards some value, correct public prediction is possible: at the end of a sequence of falsified predictions the forecaster, as it were, catches up with the agent. Professor Buck uses our example of a market characterized by a production lag to show that this is so. Among the three basic possible situations, he chooses the one in which the absolute value of the slope of the supply curve exceeds the absolute value of the slope of the demand curve. Here, indeed, such a sequence of public price predictions would converge towards the stable equilibrium price determined by the intersection of the demand and supply curves. This price would be the correct public prediction.' Professor Buck gives us credit for having "shown ... for various economic situations" the existence of such convergence (Ll], p. 364). Apparently he misconstrues our argument. We have shown in our paper that under two weak conditions correct public prediction is possible even if the agent does react to public prediction. This result is entirely independent of whether or not the sequence of public predictions described by Professor Buck converges towards some value. Furthermore, in our paper we have not been concerned at all with empirical situations. Our proof that correct public prediction is possible when the agent believes in and reacts to it, is based on the generalized Brouwer Fixed Point Theorem. It uses the "Reaction Function" which relates the actually occurring (observed) value of a variable, say xt+l to the previously predicted value x*t; thus:


AIMS
Explore the specific mechanism of TROP2 in promoting cancer in gastric cancer, and provide a basis for the prevention and treatment of gastric cancer. Background Gastric cancer (GC) is the fourth most commonly found cancer and the second highest cause of cancer related death worldwide, TROP2 overexpression is closely related with many cancers including gastrointestinal tumors, DSG2 is an important protein in cell adhesion and its loss is related to cell migration.

OBJECTIVE
Explore the specific mechanism of TROP2 in promoting cancer in gastric cancer, and provide a basis for the prevention and treatment of gastric cancer.

METHOD
DSG2 was identified as an interacting protein of TROP2 in GC cells by co-immunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry. The regulated behavior of TROP2 on DSG2 expression was investigated with TROP2 over-expressure or knockdown. Cell-cell adhesion capacity medicated by DSG2 was evaluated by adhesion related assays. Electron microscope observation was utilized for accessing GC tumor desmosome assembly. Proteins in EGFR/AKT and DSG2/PG/β-catenin pathways were evaluated by western blotting.

RESULT
This study suggests that abundant expression of TROP2 in GC cells lessened DSG2 levels as well as desmosome adhesion, increased cell invasion, migration and promoted malignant progression through EGFR/AKT and DSG2/PG/β-catenin pathways.

CONCLUSION
TROP2 promotes gastric cancer cell invasion and migration by decreasing DSG2 expression through EGFR/AKT and DSG2/PG/β-catenin pathways.


Compact Marx generators are widely used as portable pulse generator in different industrial applications, where high power pulses with rise times of order of some tens of nanoseconds are needed. For those applications, closing switches with very short delay and jitter times have to be used. Considering the fact that the breakdown of spark gap is a statistical process, the delay times of the closing switches are statistical voltage-dependent parameters. As a result, the characteristics of the output voltage of the Marx generator, i.e. its amplitude and rise time, are also statistical parameters. In this paper, taking the statistical behaviour of the breakdown process in spark gaps into consideration, the statistical characteristics of the output voltage have been studied in detail.


In this paper,the author discusses a common figure of metaphor,emphasizes the importance of metaphor in poems and analyses how to apply it.Skillful metaphor is one of the important ways of increasing imagery and art in poems.The proper use of metaphor depends on one's experience,careful observation and rich imagination.Appropriate and creative metaphor can make things livid and let logic to be known easily.It can reveal intrinsic quality of personage,and stress his trait.Metaphor can show poets' distinct views,make satire veiled and contained.Therefore,it displays its abundant connotation and varied art charm.


This paper reports on a parametric study of the response of bridges supported by an isolation system consisting of sliding Teflon bearings and displacement control devices. The isolated bridges are subjected to simulated earthquake motions which are compatible with CalTrans design spectra. The effects of isolation system properties, deck flexibility, pier flexibility, pier strength, distribution of isolation elements and earthquake type are investigated. Results are presented in a form that is useful in the design of sliding isolation systems for two-span continuous deck bridges. Comparisons with the response of conventionally built bridges demonstrate the significant benefits of seismic isolation. Finally, simplified code-type analysis procedures are presented and evaluated.


The Spanish Crown established montepíos throughout the Empire after 1763, first in Spain and then in the overseas possessions. These agencies provided an excellent vehicle for shaping and implementing royal marriage policy in America. The institutions functioned as monitoring units and also provided penalties and incentives motivating bureaucrats to conform to the king's will when contemplating marriage. The montes became a central part of the process through which the king attempted to regulate his servants' marriages. The king intended these agencies, funded by a combination of royal and membership contributions, to provide modest pensions for survivors of deceased officials. In Madrid, Mexico City, and Lima, the Crown founded autonomous institutions known as Montepíos de Ministros for senior officials and Montepíos de Oficinas for subordinates. Lesser capitals received only one office for all ranks. All the montepíos, however, were important not only as sources of pensions but also as a means of enhancing royal control over marriage in the bureaucracy.


This paper analyzes changes in population policies and programs which have taken place in developing countries from 1972-1982 based on responses to questionnaires sent to 630 persons knowledgeable about such programs (i.e. personnel from WHO and other organizations). Measurement of family planning program effort included 4 areas of activity: policy activities service and service-related activities record keeping and evaluation and accessibility of fertility control supplies and services. Scores were determined from data received and were divided into 4 levels of effort (strong moderate weak veryl little/none.) When analyzed by country results indicate that countries with strong program effort scores give considerable attention to providing services. There is also a lag period of several years between adoption of policy implementation of program and effects on fertility. Data weighted by population size highlight regional differences as well. Average scores for East and South Asia and Latin America increased between 1972-1982 however weighted and unweighted scores for Africa are low especially in accessibility. The crude birth rate (CBR) declines increase as a country goes from weak to strong program effort. Countries were also ranked by socioeconomic conditions; Chinas CBR decline is greater than would be expected from its socioeconomic situation due to strong population policy and program. Some countries (Brazil Turkey Lebanon) exhibit weak effort yet have high socioeconomic conditions and CBR declines have been greater than 25%. Weak or very little effort still exists in a large number of countries especially in the Middle East North and sub-Saharan AFrica. A substantial fertility decline was note for Asia (26%) and the Americas (23%). Several large countries are notable for having hardly any change at all and high fertility levels (Bangladesh Nigeria Pakistan).


Continuous manufacturing of pharmaceuticals offers such benefits as production flexibility, reduced drug product costs, and improved product quality. Moving toward continuous manufacturing requires suitable small-scale equipment, either by development of new equipment or optimization of existing equipment. In primary manufacturing, particle properties are often altered during crystallization and have to be restored during subsequent processing. Drying a crystallized product is one of the most challenging steps, especially since attrition and agglomeration can occur. To that end, we investigated the drying behavior of a crystalline model compound with moisture levels of up to 10 wt % in a corotating twin-screw extruder. The feed mass flows on a piece of small-scale equipment used for pharmaceutical production varied between 0.5 and 2.0 kg/h. Experiments were conducted to evaluate the drying performance in various process settings. Because of a very narrow and consistent residence time distribution, extrusi...


The technical and economic investigation of the ZeaChem process for increased production of ethanol from sugar process streams has been completed at SRI and this paper reports on these investigations. The main benefit of the process is the theoretical increase in ethanol production by up to 50% per unit dextrose sugar feed. The ZeaChem process utilises bacteria to convert fermentable sugars to acetic acid either in a one step direct fermentation process or in a two step fermentation process via lactic acid. The production of lactic acid can provide an additional revenue source from the sale of single cell protein produced in the two step process. After fermentation, the acetic acid is extracted from the fermentation broth in an acid recovery stage, esterified in a reactive distillation process and converted to ethanol by hydrogenolysis. The ZeaChem process has four main production stages. In order to achieve high yields of ethanol, high yields are required for each stage of the process. High yields are obtained for each stage of the process. Several sugar process streams were considered for the process and these included clarified juice, syrup, A molasses, B molasses and C molasses. However, the fermentation process is inhibited if C molasses only is used as feed. Large dilutions of C molasses are required to obtain high yields during the fermentation stage. The reasons for the inhibition of the fermentation of C molasses are not understood and should be targeted in further laboratory scale testing, while the project is progressed to pilot plant trials. The evaluation of the ZeaChem ethanol process has confirmed the potential of the process to achieve significantly higher yields than the conventional yeast fermentation process.


Six patients with scoliosis have been treated with Harrington instrumentation and spine fusion in our clinic. Five cases were followed up at least one year. Rate of correction immediately after operation revealed 69 to 20 percent. Loss of correction one year after operation had 17 to 58% (average 32.5%). As three cases had metal comlications (rod breakage and hook turned out), they were re-operated. In one case, vertebral osteotomy following skeletal traction was applied with a good result. With proper use and in experienced hands Harrington rods are a safe and effective addition to the surgical treatment of scoliosis, as Moe and Scheier reported.


Historically, there have been strong shared interests between the fields of pediatrics and psychology. The foundation for these interests is obvious: The fields of child psychology and pediatrics are devoted to increasing our developmental understanding of children and to enhancing children's mental, physical, and social well-being. These shared interests and commitments have resulted in unparalleled collaboration over the past 50 years. Evidence for such interdisciplinary collaboration exists in the realms of training, research, and clinical service. Most pediatric training programs have psychologists as part of their residency faculty. Specialty organizations exist for pediatricians and psychologists that permit and encourage interdisciplinary enrollment and applied research efforts (e.g., Society of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics; the American Psychological Association has recently moved to enhance the status of the former Society of Pediatric Psychology to full division status). Several specialty journals exist in both areas (e.g., Journal of Pediatric Psychology, Journal of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, Children's Health Care) and have editorial boards comprising pediatricians and psychologists. From an applied perspective, psychologists have long participated in interdisciplinary child development clinics throughout the United States. The rationale for psychology-pediatrics clinical integration is well established. The scope of the psychology-pediatrics interface is broad. Indeed, the range of integrated applied efforts extends from the developmental screening and treatment of children and adolescents in primary care settings to specialized treatment protocols for children in tertiary care settings for life-threatening conditions. Pediatric neurol-


Objective To explore the clinical effect of combination use of cinepazide and milkvetch injection in treatment of congestive heart failure.Methods Totally 150 patients with congestive heart failure were randomly divided into two groups.Treatment group were added to cinepazide united milkvetch injection in the basis of conventional group's cardiotonic,diuretic and vasodilative.Before and after treatment,creatine kinase isoenzyme and cardiac troponin I were detected,and cardiac function was detected by color echocardiography.Results After treatment,CK-MB,cTnI and ESV of treatment group were lower than those of conventional group,while the EF and the therapeutic effect of treatment group were higher than those of conventional group,and the difference was statistically significant (P0.05).Conclusions Combination use of cinepazide and milkvetch injection can reduce the concentrations of serum CK-MB and cTnI in patients with congestive heart failure,improve the cardiac function,and increase the therapeutic efficacy.It is worthy to be popularized in clinical application.


A letter from D. Jack Davis and R. William McCarter to Linus Wright inviting him to become a member of the NTIEVA Advisory Committee. Written at the bottom is a note from Mr. Wright stating he "will be happy to serve" and dated 4-12-90. A business card is attached from Linus Wright, Vice President of Paul R. Ray & Company, Inc.


How to raise the rooting percentage of the regenerated shoots is the key factor for rapid propagation of mulberry trees. In the experiment reported in this paper, regenerated mulberry shoots were cultured under various combinations of basic media, hormone concentration, substrate, concentration of inositol and light. The results showed that the combination of 1/2MS + IBA1 or 1/4MS + IBA1 as the basic medium + an inositol concentration of 0.15-0.3% + a light intensity of 2,000 lux + a light period of 12 h. + 20℃ gave the highest rooting percentage (98%). When the acclimated rooted shoots were transplanted, 96% of them survived.


The article explains the importance of the genre approach to the study of Internet communication on the Web, it also deals with the procedure of determining of the genre nature of an online comment. Online comments should be treated as a separate speech genre due to its wide distribution on the Internet and to certain linguistic and extralinguistic means atypical for any other genre.


In this paper, we develop algorithmic approaches for a recently defined class of games, the integer programming games. Two general methods to approximate an equilibrium are presented and enhanced in order to improve their practical efficiency. Their performance is analysed through computational experiments in a knapsack game and a competitive lot-sizing game. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that equilibria computation methods for general integer programming games are build and computationally tested.


Several members of two homologous series of symmetric bent-shaped compounds with either m-carborane or adamantane (1[n] or 2[n], n = 9–13) in the central position were synthesized and investigated by optical, calorimetric, X-ray diffraction, and electro-optical methods. Results show that the two shortest members of the m-carborane series, 1[9] and 1[10], exhibit an intercalated lamellar B6 phase. The adamantane derivatives 2[9]–2[13] display a monotropic weakly birefringent soft crystalline or crystalline phase with homochiral domains. Neither phase undergoes polarization switching in an electric field.


The implementation of grass-roots organization construction and excellfor the cohesion of hospital staff has an important guiding significance to promote the development of hospital. By analyzing the problems and reasons in the construction of grass-roots party organization of the hospital, combined with the construction management work in the hospital practice, strengthening and improving measures and suggestions on the construction of the hospital party organization at the basic level have been proposed.


In accordance with the present invention, made from a predetermined component composition, before nitrocarburizing, by bainite area ratio with 50% of the tissue, prior nitrocarburizing, while excellent in machinability, after soft-nitriding is conventional steels , for example, it can be obtained with the same strength and toughness and carburized material SCr420 steel, further nitrocarburizing steel with superior fatigue characteristics.


The article looks at interpersonal relations, focusing on the first impression one makes on others. It says how people perceive an individual on first acquaintance is shaped by various unconscious social and cognitive patterns, including patterns related to trust, power, and ego. It discusses how awareness of these patterns can be used to ensure that one creates a positive impression, citing behaviors including projecting a warm personality, describing oneself in terms of the other person's goals, and being modest. Other topics include prompting the other person to act fairly, the value of being helpful at moments of stress, and the impact of risk aversion on perceptions of others


[Objective]To learn the sterilization status in private medical institutions of Qingyuan and prevent the spread of hospital-induced diseases.[Methods]Supervision was conducted according to "Standardization for Sterilization Techniques" and "Sanitary Standards for Hospital Sterilization"(GB15982-1995).[Results]No significant difference was found in the sterilization effect among different private medical institutions.The eligible rates of indoor air,hands of medical staff,object surface,disinfectant liquid in use,disinfection products, ultraviolet lamp intensity were 52.5%(84/160),96.25%(154/160),98.13%(157/160),100%(160/160),97.45%(153/157) and 89.74%(140/156) respectively.[Conclusion]Effective measures should be taken to strengthen the management of medical market,improve the occupational quality of the medical staff and enhance supervision and health education.


Measurements ofinner radius andelectromagnetic properties (magnetic permeability andelectrical conductivity) of metal, ferromagnetic tubes, suchasoil-well casings, areessential in theassessment oftheir condition orasinputs forother measurement applications, e.g.reservoir electromagnetic evaluation through casing. Inourprevious work, wehaveshownthat theinner radius andthepermeability-to-conductivity ratioofthetubecanbe obtained bymeasurement oftheimpedance ofasingle coil axially centered within thetube.In thispaper,we proposeand experimentally verify thecoil impedance model that isapplicable for measurement ofthetube properties whenthetubeandthecoil axes aremisaligned Correction ofthemeasured impedance forcoil radial offset improves measurement accuracy andreduces theeffect ofthecoil wobble.


In the UK, undertaking CPD is considered to be a mandatory professional obligation. However, as David Babington, managing director of Improve International, explains, CPD requirements and standards vary across Europe


With the rapid development of the Internet of Things, the advantages of edge computing such as low latency, high availability and high real-time are constantly highlighted. Applications with high computing consumption like convolutional neural network are also constantly deployed on mobile edge.However, the deployment of convolutional neural networks on mobile terminals is limited due to the high computing density, high parallelism, many floating point operations and relatively limited computing resources on mobile terminals.This article in order to realize convolutional neural network optimization and its deployment, on the mobile end for convolution the parameters of the neural network to load the file, choose after dynamic network weight cutting method cutting out the redundant weight and quantification model of network weights fixed point, design convolution kernels offline coding scheme, in order to reduce the floating-point computation and storage consumption in the process of convolution operation.The convolution layer algorithm is designed to process the input and output and complete the convolution operation of the input and the convolution kernel. SIMD instruction design provided by ARMCPU is used to optimize the convolution layer from the bottom operation, that is, NEON instruction set is used to share as much computation as possible in the convolution calculation module to reduce the number of convolution cycles.Give full play to the performance of SIMD instructions.Experiments confirm the acceleration effect of this optimization.


Vehicle ride sensing system provides a mechanism to determine whether a child is in the vehicle interior. The sensing system may, for example, to determine whether a prospective or retrospective boarding Children's chair inside the vehicle. For this purpose, the detection system may use the electrode detection system that can be installed easily in one or more positions in the vehicle seat. Thus, the sensing system helps to reduce to the case to leave the child in a car accidentally occur.


The principle of chiral ligand-exchange, introduced by Davankov, has become a widely used technique for chiral separation in both chromatography and in electromigration techniques. This simple technique makes use of the formation of mixed metal chelate complexes between a chiral selector and both enantiomers of an analyte. In HPLC, the chiral selector can be either bonded to the stationary phase or added to the mobile phase. In CE the chiral selector is simply added to the electrolyte. A relatively new approach represents CEC, where capillaries contain a chiral stationary phase. More than thousand papers appeared in the field of chiral ligand-exchange. To cite all papers would require several books. The present article gives an overview of both milestones and our activities on chiral separation using the principle of ligand-exchange. Recent advances in chip technology for chiral separations and new approaches regarding improvement of detection sensitivity are mentioned.


-Eleven sources of loblolly pine were studied for genetic variation in waterlogging tolerance and physiological responses to waterlogging. There were source differences in both though there were no correlations between them. Additional keywords: Pinus taeda, progeny tests, flooding, anaerobic metabolism The purposes of this study were to determine: a) if there was interspecific genetic variation in waterlogging tolerance among several sources of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.); b) if this variation could be determined earlier under controlled waterlogging stress than in field plantings, and; c) if some of the physiological bases of this variation could be determined. The rationale and significance of these investigations have been discussed earlier (see Hook and Shear in these proceedings) and will not be reiterated here. MATERIALS AND METHODS Eleven sources of loblolly pine were studied, including: 1. Seven half-sibling families from two commercial seed orchards. The five families from the Federal Paperboard Co. orchard in Lumberton, NC (designated 6-13, 504, 512, 529, and 530) were originally selected as good performers on wet sites. The two families from the Westvaco seed orchard (11-9 and 7-56) in Ravenel, SC grow well throughout the coastal plain of South Carolina. 2. Three half-sibling families from single isolated trees growing in cypress-tupelo swamps in the coastal plain of South Carolina (HB, BB, and RS). Individual trees or small groups of loblolly pine often occur in these areas where they grow very well. 3. The general seed source used by the South Carolina Forestry Commission nursery in St. George, SC (STG). This source is a combination of many open-pollinated half-sibling families. Seedlings from each source were planted on three field sites of varying wetness on the Francis Marion National Forest in SC in June, 1984. The design of each test is slightly different, though each consists of seven-tree row plots in varying numbers of replications and blocks, as described in Table 1. 1 / Postdoctoral Research Associate and Professor and Director, respectively, Forested Wetlands Research Program, Forestry Sciences Laboratory, Clemson University, 2730 Savannah Highway, Charleston, SC 29407. Table 1. Description of wet sites and test designs. Each replication contains a seven-tree row plot of each source. * one of the driest seasons on record ** values preceded by a + indicate height of water above the soil surface Seedlings were also planted at the same time in six soil tanks in which the water table level could be controlled. The tanks were filled with a Bethera series soil from the Francis Marion National Forest that will not support good pine growth when waterlogged without phosphorus fertilization. 50 ppm of phosphorus as monocalcium phosphate was added to the soil and a twelve-tree row plot of each source was planted in each tank. Three tanks were continuously waterlogged with the water table at the soil surface. The other tanks were waterlogged from November to April, but the water table was held at about 30 cm below the soil surface during the remainder of the year. Growth measures were taken on all trees at the end of each growing season. At the end of the third growing season (1986), the seedlings in the soil tanks were harvested, oven-dried, and weighed. Fresh root tips were collected from most trees and for analyzed for: a) alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) activity by the method of Denslow and Hook (1986), and b) anaerobic carbon dioxide (CO2) production and resultant ethanol production by the methods of Hook and Denslow (1986). There were few viable root tips from each seedling, so either ADH activity or anaerobic metabolism (CO2 and ethanol production) were measured, but seldom both. Finally, standard regression and analysis of variance techniques were used to examine and compare variations in growth and physiological measures. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION After three growing seasons, differences in growth were developing at the wettest field site (Table 2). However, there were no significant differences in growth among sources at the other two field sites. Within family variations were very large, however, while all sources had many small trees, all did not have tall trees. The smaller trees have been dying and if they continue to do so, significant differences among sources should develop. The sources changed rank after every growing season. However, there was some stabilization and some sources were consistently good performers in all tests while others were consistently poor. Ranks in the three wet sites and the periodically waterlogged test were correlated, however, the results of the continuously waterlogged tests were poorly correlated with the other tests. Generally, the Federal Paperboard sources ranked higher when continuously waterlogged while the Westvaco and swamp sources ranked lower. FP 512 had the largest height growth under continuous waterlogging, but grew poorly in all other tests. We will continue to measure the field tests annually to determine if long term field performance is related to short term performance under controlled waterlogging. There were significant differences in ADH activity and ethanol production among sources in the periodically waterlogged test, but no differences in CO2 production (Table 3). Conversely, in the continuously waterlogged test, levels of CO2 production differed, but there were no differences in ADH activity or ethanol production. The levels of ADH activity were similar among treatments, but carbon dioxide and ethanol production were much higher under continuous waterlogging. This suggests that there are differences between the short term and long term responses to waterlogging. However, none of the physiological measures were related to growth or performance. Collecting adequate numbers of physiological measures in a reasonable time is a difficult task. Only seven samples of fresh root tips could be tested in a single day for ethanol and CO2 production using a Warburg gas measurement apparatus. As a result, the soil tanks were harvested over a two-month period. These physiological variables change with stage of development, growth phase, and many other factors, and surely changed over the harvest. Also, the unharvested trees continued to grow. The day of harvest was included in all models and was an important variable. However, we are currently developing gas chromatographic techniques that will allow us to process a greater number of smaller samples and reduce the variance introduced by an extended harvest. Also, by reducing the number of root tips in each sample, we will be able to measure a greater number of physiological parameters on each tree. Since all progeny were from open-pollinated seeds, we could not control or measure the variation introduced by the paternal parent. While there were not significant differences in growth in all tests, all sources produced many small trees but only some of the sources made large trees. While survival was good in both tank treatments, the poorest trees had died by the time of harvest. We do not know what they did or did not do that resulted in intolerance to waterlogging (or other causes of death). Yet, despite these limitations, we have demonstrated genetic differences in both growth and physiological responses. We are currently conducting similar tests in growth chambers and with rooted cuttings in pots in greenhouses. We are confident that by taking more physiological measures in a shorter time, controlling sources of geographical and parental variation, and using techniques of plant growth analysis, we will begin to uncover the fundamental mechanisms of genetic variation in waterlogging tolerance. Acknowledgement: This research was supported in part by the USDA Competitive Research Grant Program, Grant Number 85-08335.


Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effects of women on board moderated by firms' competitive advantage on firms' environmental, social and governance (ESG) disclosures.

Design/methodology/approach
The sample consists of 332 firm-year observations from the year 2012 to 2017 of 65 firms listed in Bursa Malaysia. To improve the robustness of this analysis, the authors adopt clustering techniques in the regression analysis. Sensitivity analysis is also conducted using two-stage least square regression and robust standard errors for panel regression with a cross-sectional dependence approach.

Findings
The findings of this research indicate that women on board encourage ESG and environmental disclosures. Nonetheless, in competitively advantaged firms, the authors find that the interaction between WOMENPER and COMADVANTAGE is negatively influencing ESG scores. However, no evidence is found to indicate that women on board in a competitively advantaged firm have an effect on the environmental scores of a firm.

Research limitations/implications
The findings urge regulators to ensure the appointment of qualified and competent women on board, particularly in competitively advantage firms.

Practical implications
Though firms with more women on board are associated with better ESG disclosures and environmental disclosures, the author's additional analysis found that this is less pronounced in competitively advantage firms. Since a number of the competitive firms are owned by family firms as well as government-linked firms, the appointment of women should not be based on directors' affiliation, network and family relationships.

Originality/value
To the best of authors' knowledge, this is one of the few studies which seek to investigate women's appointment in competitive advantage firms.


PURPOSE: To provide a conductive paste for an outer electrode formation which can be calcined with low temperature, with sufficient adhesion force by using glass frit which practically does not contains lead oxide, and to provide an outer terminal for an electronic parts, and to provide manufacturing method of the same, and electronic parts. CONSTITUTION: For the conductive paste for the outer electrode of the electronic parts, glass frit contained in the conductive paste does not substantially contain lead oxide, and contains; B2O3: 5.0-30.0 weight %, SiO2: 10.0-60.0 weight %, BaO: 45.0 weight % or less, ZnO: 20.0 weight % or less, Al2O3: 12.0 weight % or less, and Na2O: 15.0 weight % or less. The manufacturing method of the outer electrode includes a process of calcing the conductive paste with the temperature of 500-700°C.


Background: Vasectomy though a safe simple outpatient surgical procedure for male sterilization it is the least used in developing countries of the world. This study was set to determine the awareness and attitude of women towards their spouses use of vasectomy for fertility control. Methodology: This was a cross-sectional study involving 400 women who attended antenatal clinic at the Jos University Teaching Hospital (JUTH) Jos Nigeria from September 2007 to March 2008. Results: Among the 400 respondents only 98 (24.5%) were aware of vasectomy. The commonest source of information was from health workers in the hospital (47.96%). Most of the women 359 (89.75%) approved of male contraception with only 41 (10.25%) disapproving. However 81.25% disapproved with the use of vasectomy by their spouses. Most of the who disapproved of vasectomy gave their reasons as fear of sexual dysfunction (43.10%) religious prohibition (24.62%) cultural prohibition (19.05%) future regrets (9.85%) and fear of marital infidelity by their spouse (3.38%). More Christians (80.74%) approved for spouse to use vasectomy than Muslims (17.30%). The educated women (82.96%) were more willing to allow their spouse use vasectomy than the uneducated (33.33%). Conclusion: The awareness of vasectomy was low. Although most women approved of male contraception for fertility control they would not allow their spouse to use vasectomy. More targeted efforts by promoting involvement of traditional and religious leaders should be made to improve awareness and acceptability of vasectomy by both men and women in developing countries.


ABSTRACT The composition of aerosol generated in the photooxidation of 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene was investigated in a smog chamber experiment. The relative concentrations of alcohols, carboxylic acids, organonitrates, carbonyl groups, nitroaromatics, aliphatic C—H and aromatic C—H in the aerosol were estimated through analysis of infrared spectra. Based on model compound calibrations it was estimated that a typical molecule in the aerosol contained three carbonyl groups, six aliphatic C—H bonds, and one hydroxyl group. Small amounts of organic acids (one molecule in ten) and organonitrates (one molecule in four) were observed. About 5–10 wt% of the aerosol mixture was aromatic and these structures contained nitro and hydroxyl groups. This information on aerosol chemical functionality was coupled with gas-phase chemistry mechanisms to propose potential aerosol formation pathways.


We propose quantitative phase microscopy (QPM) with second-harmonic generation (SHG) and structured illumination, namely S2QPM, that can achieve fourfold resolution enhancement compared with normal incident illumination. The wave propagation and reconstruction model in S2QPM are provided from solving the inhomogeneous nonlinear Helmholtz equation in the k-space. Our derived physical model is accurate and does not involve far-field approximations. To validate our theoretical model, a Siemens star phase object has been reconstructed under simulated experimental conditions. We envision that S2QPM may potentially open more exciting applications in label-free bioimaging and material characterization. .


Winter sports holidaymaking is an essential part of tourism, but skiers and their preferences and perceptions have not been much researched in academic contexts. This article presents certain factors influencing alpine skiers' destination choices and incorporates an examination of how these holidaymakers regard various attributes in relation to their destination choice. The study encompasses three types of destination aspects: ski attributes, price attributes, and destination/facility attributes. Alpine ski holidaymaking is here regarded as a skilled activity, and the skiers' destination choices and the related information sources are analyzed in relation to their winter holiday expertise, operationalized here as skiing skill level.


Introduction A transoral (TO) vestibular approach is a new remote access approach to avoid cutaneous scars in an endoscopic thyroidectomy (ET). And transoral endoscopic thyroidectomy (TOET) has been widely used in papillary thyroid microcarcinomas (PTMCs). Aim To evaluate and compare endoscopic thyroidectomies with central neck dissection using a bilateral areolar (BA) approach and TO approach in patients with unilateral PTMCs. Material and methods In total, 92 papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) patients undergoing an endoscopic unilateral thyroidectomy with central neck dissection via a TO (n = 48) or BA (n = 44) approach were retrospectively enrolled from August 2017 to December 2018. Differences in various factors, such as clinical characteristics, surgery-related parameters, including operative complications, and hospital durations and costs, were compared. Results No significant between-group differences in the age and sex of the patients or the side, body mass index, total operative time, operative bleeding, superior parathyroid preservation in situ, operative complications, and postoperative day of discharge were found (all p > 0.05). The mean central neck dissection time, amount of postoperative drainage, extubation time, and inferior parathyroid preservation in situ were lower in the TO group as compared with these parameters in the BA group (all p < 0.05). The number of central lymph nodes resected and hospitalization costs were higher in the TO group as compared with those in the BA group (all p < 0.05). Conclusions An ET via the TO approach may be a good choice for unilateral PTMCs because of the shorter central neck dissection time, reduced postoperative drainage, better cosmetic satisfaction, and higher number of lymph nodes removed.

https://www.termedia.pl/Journal/-42/pdf-36494-10?filename=A comparison of transoral.pdf


Purpose: To investigate the effects of voxel size on the visibility of simulated microcalcifications (MCs) in cone bream breast CT.Method and materials:Calciumcarbonate grains (ranging from 140–150 to 200–212 μm), were used to simulate MCs. 25 MCs from same size group were arranged into a 5 × 5 cluster and embedded at the center of a 15 mm diameter paraffin rod. Rods with MCs from various size groups were constructed and scanned with a bench top experimental CBCT system. A CCDdetector (C4742‐56‐12ER, Hamamatsu Photonics K.K) operated in 2×2 binning mode was used to acquire 300 projection images with a pixel size of 48 μm over 360°. Imaging geometry was configured with a magnification factor of 1.16 to result in a voxel size of 42 μm to match the spatial resolution limit. The acquired images were further binned into image sets of larger pixels (96, 144, 192, 240 and 288 μm). The image sets were then reconstructed with Feldkamp's backprojection algorithm using a ramp filter. The reconstructed image sets were reviewed by 6 readers independently. The visibility, computed as the ratio of visible MCs and averaged over all readers, was plotted as the function of voxel size to quantify the effects of voxel size on the visibility of MCs.Results: Based on the visibility versus voxel size plot, 90% visibility was achieved for 200 – 212, 180 – 200, 160 – 180, 150 – 160 and 140 – 150 μm calcifications at a voxel size of 249, 249, 206, 166 and 125 μm, respectively. The visibility versus voxel size plot may be used to determine the minimum pixel size required to achieve a specific visibility level for MCs of certain sizes. Conclusions: We have demonstrated that the minimum voxel size required to achieve a specific visibility level decreased with the MC size.


University of Minnesota Ph.D. dissertation. March 2010. Major: Natural Resources Science and Management. Advisor: Ping Wang. 1 computer file (PDF); xvii, 199 pages, appendix 186-199.


In June 1989, the JTC1 initiated the development of an International Standard, ISO/IEC 12207 [1], on software life cycle processes to fill a critical need. Since the "cottage" industry era of the late 1970's, software has been establishing itself as an integral part of many scientific and business disciplines. However, environments for developing and managing software have been proliferating for lack of a uniform framework for managing and engineering software. The International Standard fills that critical need by establishing a common framework that can be used by software practitioners to manage and engineer software. Besides, such a uniform framework would promote international trade in software products and services.


We describe the clinical profiles of 27 adult patients with severe confirmed influenza A H1N1 admitted to the medical intensive care unit at Calderon Guardia Hospital, in Costa Rica over a 10-month period. Mean age for all patients was 41 years old, 15 patients were men, 20 required mechanical ventilation, and 7 died. All of those who died had renal failure. One half of the patients had underlying chronic medical conditions. There were only 4 pregnant patients.We describe the clinical profiles of 27 adult patients with severe confirmed influenza A H1N1 admitted to the medical intensive care unit at Calderon Guardia Hospital, in Costa Rica over a 10-month period.


Preface. Acknowledgments. Part 1: Background Issues. Chapter 1: Planned Giving in a Small Charity: The First Year. Chapter 2: Planned Giving and the Charity. Part 2: Getting Started. Chapter 3: Mobilizing the Nonprofit Organization's Leadership, Boards, and Volunteers. Chapter 4: An Operational Plan for a Small Nonprofit Organization's Planned Giving Program. Chapter 5: Gift Acceptance Policies for a Planned Giving Program. Chapter 6: Managing Time: Planned Giving in a Small Charity. Part 3: Planned Gifts. Chapter 7: Bequests and the Bequest Society. Chapter 8: Endowed Funds and Current Use Awards. Chapter 9: Basic Life Income Gifts: Charitable Gift Annuities, Deferred Gift Annuities, and Pooled Income Funds. Chapter 10: Trusts. Part 4 Gifts of Assets Other Than Cash. Chapter 11: Gifts of Securities. Chapter 12: Gifts of Real Estate. Chapter 13: Gifts of Tangible Personal Property. Chapter 14: Gifts of Life Insurance and Retirement Plan Assets. Part 5: Working with Donors. Chapter 15: The Planned Giving Prospect. Chapter 16: Solicitation Strategies. Chapter 17: Ethics and Planned Giving. Part 6: Marketing. Chapter 18: Marketing Planned Giving in Small Nonprofit Organizations. Chapter 19: Marketing to Professional Advisors. Part 7: Planned Giving and Taxes. Chapter 20: Tax Consequences of Charitable Gifts. Index.


Lipid-binding proteins (LBPs) were used to indicate problems with beer foams and to highlight the presence of foam-negative materials in beer. Although LBPs could be added to a beer, a preferred method of analysis involved immobilization of these proteins on a column. Beer was then passed through the column, and an improvement in foam performance was associated with the removal of foam-negative materials by the column. A wide variety of lipids was shown to bind to the immobilized protein, including fatty acids ranging in size from C6 to C24 as well as phospholipids. A survey of commercial beers found that many demonstrated moderate improvements with passage through the column, while a few showed very considerable improvement.


DURING THE LAST FEW YEARS foreign operations of American oil companies, including refining and marketing, have become increasingly relevant for their profitability. This is one of the results of the reduction of the U.S.A.'s share in free world consumption of petroleum, which, before the last war, amounted to 66%, but by 1958 had fallen to 54%. Simultaneously, and for related reasons, American investors have become more interested in non-American oil companies. There is a good deal of information available on the profitability of foreign production of crude oil, but less has been done so far to elucidate the question how profitable foreign refining and market are now and what the future has in store for that sector of the industry. In this respect there is a definite need for a more comprehensive understanding of the yield pattern of foreign refineries, which in many cases is entirely different from that to which one is accustomed within the U.S.A. The object of this article is to compare the different yield patterns-the product-mix of the refineries-and to analyze what they mean in terms of profitability. The main feature of the U.S.A. petroleum refining set-up is that it has been, for the last 50 years or so, based on gasoline economics although more recently heating oils have become a runner-up. Gasoline was and still is the main target of refinery operations, not only in terms of realized value but also of volume. The fact that gasoline demand then grew proportionately more rapidly than that for other products resulted, a generation ago, in the development of the cracking processes which increased the gasoline yield far above that obtainable by straight distillation of crude oil.


The life style of the people in Beijing has been changing in terms of how they are spending their free time, especially when drinking coffee. Coffee Chinese consumers have increased in popularity in recent years and as a result, a growing number of new coffee shops in China. This research aims to gather the basic information on coffee drinkers and establish successful marketing strategies in a starting a coffee business or franchise in China. For the purpose of gathering research data, a questionnaire was conducted among people aged from 20 to 40 living in Beijing. The data was used to investigate the differences among independent variables, gender, age, whether the variables were affected by each factor when visiting coffee shops: price, taste, kindness, location, side dishes, variety of menus, sanitation, event and coupon etc. In conclusion, the thesis aimed to analyze Beijing's consumer's behaviors and set up the marketing strategies to provide basic information of coffee consumption when starting a new business in Beijing. The study showed the different results of each factor such as price, taste, kindness, location, side dishes, variety of menus, sanitation, event and coupon etc. according to independent variables: gender, age. By the results of the study need to be considered to help set up the marketing strategies when opening a new coffee business in Beijing; however, future studies include a large sample of Beijing's consumers and conduct a survey with more reliability and validity.


In this paper,the base station of cellular mobile communication is modeled with finite user population discrete time queueing system.The method of Markov chain is used to derive the performance index such as probability of loss in one slot,the mean throughput of the system,and the utilization ratio of channels.And through the numerical simulation,the effect of the model to the cellular mobile communication networks is discussed.


Acoustic neuroma is the most frequent tumor of the pontocerebellosum angle (90%), affects more to women, being more frequent between the 50 and 60 years of age. When an opportune diagnosis is not made, it grows in the interior of the internal auditory conduit and it extends to the ponto-cerebellar angle, and in extreme cases it compresses the cerebral trunk. They must generally be extracted surgically or its growth evaluated in a periodic form.


Cellulose nanofibrils (CNF) were successfully produced from a bleach kraft eucalyptus pulp by a supermasscolloider. Effects of grinding time on structure and properties of CNF and the corresponding CNF films were investigated. Grinding time was important to increase the optical transparency of CNF suspensions. The degree of polymerization (DP) and crystallinity index (CrI) of CNF decreased linearly with the increase in CNF suspension transparency. This suggests optical transparency of a CNF suspension can be used to characterize the degree of fibrillation. Specific tensile strength and Young's modulus of the CNF films made of CNF suspension with only 0.5 h grinding were increased approximately 30% and 200%, respectively, compared with conventional handsheets prepared by valley beating to 300 Canadian Standard Freeness (CSF). Energy input was only 1.38 kWh/kg for 0.5 h grinding. Grinding beyond 0.5 h produced negligible improvement in specific tensile and specific modulus. Opacity of CNF films decreased rapidly during the first 1.5 h of fibrillation and then plateaued. Application: Disk milling time affects the morphology of cellulose nanofibrils as well as the optical and mechanical properties of film made of the resultant fibrils. Cellulose nanomaterials, such as cellulose nanofibrils (CNF) derived from renewable lignocelluloses, have attracted great interest recently. Lignocelluloses are available in nature in great abundance. Cellulose nanofibrils have been used for producing a range of functional materials including films, membranes, aerogels, scaffolds, and hybrid composites [1-4] and have the potential to replace a variety of materials derived from nonrenewable petroleum. Mechanical fibrillation remains the most common approach to produce CNF from lignocelluloses. Microgrinding has the potential for large-scale CNF production and has been widely used [5-9]. Microgrinding leads to a series of dramatic changes in fibers, such as internal fibrillation, external fibrillation, and fiber shortening. Continued fibrillation resulted in fragmentation of cell wall and produced microand nanofibrils [10]. The dominant factors that dictate nanocellulose material strength are the fibril length and fiber bonding. The orientation of bonds between nanoparticles is an important factor in tuning the Young's modulus [11]. Increased grinding often results in increased bonding as a result of the fine materials produced that substantially increase fibril surface area. On the other hand, increased grinding time can also result in short fibrils simply because of mechanical actions. There is a tradeoff between increasing bonding and reducing fibril length with extended grinding; in other words, an optimal grinding time exists for producing CNF for polymer reinforcement. Unfortunately, such an understanding has not been well documented. The objective of the present study is to investigate the effects of mechanical fibrillation time on the properties of resultant CNF films. MATERIAL AND METHODS Dry lap of a bleached kraft eucalyptus pulp from Fibria (Aracruz, Brazil) was the same pulp used in previous studies [10,12–14], with major chemical composition of 78.1% ± 1.0% glucan, 15.3% ± 0.6% xylan, and 0.7% ± 0.1% Klason lignin. The dry lap was soaked in distilled water for 24 h before disintegration in a laboratory disintegrator. Mechanical fibrillation For the experiment, 140 g of o.d. bleached kraft eucalyptus pulp was fibrillated at 2 wt% consistency using a supermasscolloider (model MKZA6-2, Masuko Sangyo; Kawaguchi, Japan) at 1500 rpm as described previously [10]. Approximately 130 g was beaten in a Valley beater (Valley Laboratory Equipment, Voith; Appleton, WI, USA) to approximately 300 mL Canadian Standard Freeness (CSF) as a control sample. Fractionation of CNF by centrifuge An attempt was made to fractionate large networked CNF from small ones by centrifuge. Cellulose nanofibrils solution from 11 h of fibrillation was diluted to 0.2 wt% and continuously stirred for 1 h and then centrifuged at 1000 rpm for 15 JUNE 2016 | VOL. 15 NO. 6 | TAPPI JOURNAL 419 CELLULOSE NANOFIBRILS 1. Transmission electron microscopy images of cellulose nanofibrils (CNF) samples at different fibrillation times: (a) 0.5 h, (b) 3 h, (c) 7 h, and (d) 11 h; scale bar = 500 nm. min in a Sorvall Superspeed RC2-B 5.75-in. rotator (Ivan Sorvall; Norwalk, CT, USA). The supernatant liquid was carefully removed with a pipette from the precipitation layer. Preparation and testing of CNF film Solutions of CNF were diluted to 0.1 wt% and mixed for 4 h using a magnetic stir. A 9-in. vacuum filtration system with a 0.45-μm Durapore membrane (Millipore; Billerica, MA, USA) was used to prepare CNF film. Wet films together with blotting paper were pressed at 206 and 345 kPa for 3 min and then dried in a copper dry ring. Film opacity, basis weight, and thickness were measured according to TAPPI T519 om-06 "Diffuse opacity of paper (d/0 paper backing)," T410 om-08 "Grammage of paper and paperboard (weight per unit area)," and T411 om-10 "Thickness (caliper) of paper, paperboard, and combined board," respectively. Strain-stress testing was determined using an Instron 5865 Advanced Mechanical Testing System (Instron; Norwood, MA, USA). Conventional handsheets as control were also made using the Valley-beaten pulp (control sample) and tested using the same procedure.


Cooked rice is formed into, for example, a rod-like shape having a triangular cross section and then frozen. Next, the temperature of the frozen cooked rice is raised to -10 to -3°C. At this temperature, the cooked rice is cut with an edge tool to give a plurality of rice ball-shaped formed products. At the aforesaid temperature, the cooked rice can be easily cut with the edge tool and retain the shape without adhering to the edge tool. The ball-shaped formed products may be, for example, stuffed with a filling, packaged and then served as rice balls.


Valery TyupaRussian State University for the Humanities"Three Aesthetics of Addressing"Examining 20th century art, the author looks at avangarde art movements which in their departure from classical models of artistic expression shifted their focus from the object to the reciever in order to influence his or her spiritual experience. The transition from creativity to receptivity in the process of artistic creation is represented as typical of non-classical aesthetics which favours work's openness and fragmentariness and thus activates the "third partcipant in the game"—the reader/the receiver. Referring to Russian avantgarde artists, the author explores the rise of the significance of "the third" and places it in the context of political power and the rules of the market.


This study examined the psychometric properties of the Feminist Identity Development Scale (FIDS) and the Attitudes Toward Feminism and the Women's Movement Scale (FWM) with 389 Mexican American 11th-grade and 12th-grade women. Results indicated internal consistency coefficients of .61, .62, .76, and .77 for the FIDS Passive Acceptance, Revelation, Embeddedness-Emanation, and Active Commitment subscales, respectively, and .67 for the FWM. Mexican American high school women scored significantly differently on the feminism scales when compared to samples from previously published studies. Results from factor analyses failed to support the previously published FIDS factor structure. A two-factor model of feminist attitudes was identified with the factors being labeled Feminist Orientation and Traditional Orientation. Implications for the assessment of feminist attitudes and feminist identity with Mexican American adolescent women are discussed.