While silicon photonics is considered as the key technology for future applications in optical transceivers, ASICs and sensing devices, there are still challenges to achieve generalized mass production of Photonic Integrated Circuits (PICs). One obstacle is the required extreme miniaturization of the photonic devices. Nevertheless, there is space for applications with equal interest and impact in the society that do not require the extreme performance associated with PICs built on a tenth of nanometer scale. Low-cost PICs can be obtained by increasing the size of the waveguides and devices to a multi-micron scale and in this case the machinery necessary for the device fabrication can be greatly simplified. The transfer of the amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) production technology developed in the past for the photovoltaic and flat panel displays can be adapted to the production of multi-micron size PICs targeting low-cost devices working with low frequency signals. To enable the use of such devices it is important to show that light and be coupled in and out of the waveguides efficiently without the need for diffraction gratings or other components that require sub-micron fabrication resolutions. In this article we perform simulation of the power transfer between a lensed 19.4 µm multimode optical fiber and a multi-micron a-Si:H rib waveguide, designed to support single-mode propagation. Light coupling efficiency is analyzed as a function of alignment and distance variations using the FDTD and the Beam Propagation methods. Results show a fundamental TM mode overlap over 80 % under optimal alignment conditions.


Serpentinites are dark green to black and look very much like snakeskin. They are often quite coarse-grained, and green serpentinite crystals are usually easy to see. Ljeskovac is the village in south part of Sisak-Moslavina county in Croatia, just few kilometers from Bosnia and Herzegovina border. The characterization of Ljeskovac serpentinites was done by X-ray diffraction, atomic absorption spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. In accordance with results of chemical and phase analysis which shows that antigorite is the main mineral constituent and magnesium oxide is main compound one can concluded that serpentinite from Ljeskovac locality can be potentional raw material for ceramics powders production.


This paper, from the perspective of meme, firstly analyzes the formation and the main categories of Englichin, and then puts forward the countermeasures and suggestions about how to popularize useful Englichin and inhibit malignant Englichin respectively from the stage of formation and spreading so as to attract people's attention to useful Englichin.


Thermocapillary convection generated by surface tension gradients along the free surface in an open rectangular enclosure with differentially heated lateral walls has been analyzed through analytical solutions and numerical models. The method of matched asymptotic solutions permits us to describe the flow field in the limiting case of aspect ratio A 0, fixed values of Ma (Marangoni), Pr (Prandtl), and very small values of the Crispation number (Cr). The flow field is divided into a core region and two lateral regions near the end walls, assuming asymptotic expansions of the unknown variables in power of the aspect ratio, A. The details of the mathematical procedure are given in Reference 1. The asymptotic expansions truncated at the second order show a parallel flow dominating the central region of the flow field and two lateral recirculations confined in O ( A ) layers near the vertical walls. A numerical integration of the Navier-Stokes equations performed by a computational scheme in curvilinear boundary-fitted coordinates allows for a deeper investigation of the flow field in a wider range of the characteristic parameters. A complete description of the numerical model was presented in Reference 2. A very good agreement with the numerical results is verified up to the limit of the validity of the analytical solution, which reveals, in such conditions, the onset of a boundary layer-type flow near the end walls. A comparison between theoretical and numerical results for larger Ma may be performed by analyzing some characteristic or global quantities of the flow field. Computed values of the surface velocity and of the related temperature gradients in the core region (FIGURE 1) are shown to match perfectly with the analytical expression up to its predicted limit of validity and to clearly diverge for increasing Ma, as the influence of the neglected higher-order terms becomes larger. Analogous behavior is shown by the Nusselt number, which accounts for the global heat transfer along the enclosure (FIGURE 2). A central region of parallel flow is still present, as predicted by the theoretical results for lower values of Ma, at large Ma and small aspect ratio ( A 0.2). For increasing Ma, the corresponding decrease of the surface temperature gradient, that is, of the driving force, induces a reduction of the surface velocity in the core region. Consistent with the increasing influence of the convective terms, the surface temperature gradient is confined to the lateral regions, generating there local maxima of the surface velocity. In particular, near the cold wall, the surface layer, after reaching the maximum velocity, generates a stagnation flow field that feeds, through a boundary layer-type flow, the recirculating lateral region and the back flow towards the hot wall. A second relative maximum of the surface velocity appears near the hot wall for still


Introduction Blood pressure (BP) measurement is a core vital sign used by paramedics during patient examination. Throughout the out-of-hospital phase of the patient journey, several paramedics at multiple time-points may measure the BP of a single patient. An understanding of agreement in measurement of BP between paramedics may inform the reliability of serial vital signs and trends arising subsequently. The aims of this study were to assess agreement in BP when measured by student paramedics on healthy volunteers, and to validate teaching methods in an undergraduate paramedicine program. Methods A prospective observational design was used to investigate agreement between student paramedics. Pairs of students simultaneously auscultated BP using a dual-head stethoscope, resulting in 40 pairs of systolic and diastolic measurements. Differences in measurements were assessed using paired T-tests. Agreement was assessed using Bland Altman plot analysis and intra-class correlation (ICC). Results There were no significant differences between measurements for SBP (-1.1 mmHg, 95% CI -3.77–1.57; p=0.41) or DBP (1 mmHg, 95% CI -1.67–3.67; p=0.45). Regarding agreement, Bland Altman analysis showed a mean difference of 1.1 mmHg (95% limits of agreement -17.44–15.24) and 1 mmHg (95% limits of agreement -15.11–17.12) for SBP and DBP, respectively. ICC agreement was excellent for SBP (ICC 0.92; 95% CI 0.85–0.96) and good for DBP (ICC 0.82; 95% CI 0.65–0.90). Conclusion This study of student paramedic measurement of BP indicates there are high levels of agreement when measured concurrently by pairs of students, and validates the teaching methods used at the host university program.


This report summarizes the results of simulation studies performed in the development of guidelines for implementing traffic responsive mode in closed-loop traffic signal systems. Simulation studies were performed to evaluate a revised interconnection desirability index which can be used to determine whether two traffic signals should be operated in a coordinated or an isolated mode. Additional simulation studies were performed to evaluate three different configurations of system detectors to support the use of traffic responsive mode in a closed-loop system. Another simulation study was performed to evaluate the benefits of operating a signal system in a traffic responsive mode as compared to a time-of-day mode.


The purpose of this paper is to identify about the print-based media learning. The paper discusses about the development, characteristic, types and the advantages disadvantages of the print based media learning. In a teaching and learning process, two very important elements are teaching methods and learning media. These two aspects are interrelated. The choice of a particular teaching method will affect the appropriate type of learning media, although there are various other aspects that must be considered in choosing learning media, including learning objectives, types of tasks and responses expected by students and student characteristics. Even so, it can be said that one of the main functions of learning media is as a teaching aid that influences the climate, conditions, and learning environment that are organized and created by the teacher.


The superparamagnetic blocking temperature of a series of granular Co22Ag78 alloys grown by reactive sputtering under oxygen atmosphere exhibits a minimum when plotted as a function of the oxygen pressure. The magnetic stabilization observed above this minimum is found to arise from the exchange-bias between the Co core and a CoO shell, which appears to be spin disordered. The initial decrease in the blocking temperature at low oxygen pressures is mainly attributed to the inhibition of RKKY-like interactions by the formation of an insulating oxide layer, too thin to give rise to exchange bias, around the ferromagnetic cores.


In this paper, a new technique for designing linear phase 2-D filter based on semi-definite programming (SDP) is proposed. This approach allows the design of 2-D filters with accurate cut-off frequency, subject to hard bounds on the frequency response to be achieved on a standard computer. Using the notion of 2-D trigonometric curves, we generalize the 2-D trigonometric Markov-Lukacs theorem to identify the pass-band and the stop-band in the region of support. The 2-D filter specifications are expressed as linear matrix inequalities. We also exploit convex duality to derive SDP formulations of reduced dimensions. Numerical examples illustrating the advantages of our method are also presented


Using dithizone as a precolumn derivatization reagent, four species of Hg were quantitatively separated and determined by RP-HPLC. The method described has high analytical sensitivity, it can be applied for speciation analysis of Hg in natural water. The retention mechanism of Hg-Dz chelates was also investigated.


The kinetics and success of an industrial fermentation are dependent upon the health of the microorganism(s) responsible. Saccharomyces sp. are the most commonly used organisms in food and beverage production; consequently, many metrics of yeast health and stress have been previously correlated with morphological changes to fermentations kinetics. Many researchers and industries use machine vision to count yeast and assess health through dyes and image analysis. This study assessed known physical differences through automated image analysis taken throughout ongoing high stress fermentations at various temperatures (30 °C and 35 °C). Measured parameters included sugar consumption rate, number of yeast cells in suspension, yeast cross-sectional area, and vacuole cross-sectional area. The cell morphological properties were analyzed automatically using ImageJ software and validated using manual assessment. It was found that there were significant changes in cell area and ratio of vacuole to cell area over the fermentation. These changes were temperature dependent. The changes in morphology have implications for rates of cellular reactions and efficiency within industrial fermentation processes. The use of automated image analysis to quantify these parameters is possible using currently available systems and will provide additional tools to enhance our understanding of the fermentation process.


The concept of organisational learning has received considerable attention in the literature of Taiwan, but from a scholarly perspective, little empirical research has been done in this area. This paper reports on a qualitative study in which the personal and focus groups' interview technique was used to examine the perceptions of dialogue practitioners regarding their beliefs, behaviours, triggers, and outcomes when they serve as facilitators of dialogues in Chinese organisations in Taiwan. The major findings suggest that there are specific behaviour sets that define the role of dialogue facilitator in this study. An exploratory working model for describing the process of dialogues in Chinese culture is also proposed.


Given that suicide is increasing as a public health concern, better identification of warning signs could assist in directing preventative strategies to the right people.


Substantial damage sustained during several recent earthquakes was non structural in nature. The economic consequence in terms of non structural component damage far exceeded the structural damage. Currently, there are several analytical studies that address the interaction between non structural components or Secondary systems (S-systems) and the main supporting structure or Primary system (P-system). Only a few of these analytical approaches have been proposed to evaluate and characterize the response of the S-systems attached to torsionally coupled P-systems. In addition, the experimental verification for the analytical approaches is scarce. In the current study, the results and observations of an experimental research program conducted to characterize the behavior of both stiffness eccentric and mass eccentric torsionally coupled Primary-Secondary systems (PS-systems) are presented. From this experimental investigation it was found that the torsional yielding of the primary system has significant implications on the deamplification of near tuned secondary system response. The location of the S-system mounted on the P-system affects the peak response amplification, and interaction with the coupled P-system.


This paper reported a new pest on various ornamental plants including Dove tree(Davidia involucrate) and Magnolias,which resulted in the death of the branches and twigs.It was identified as Xylosandrus compactus,a synonym of Xyleborus morstatti and Xyleborus compactus.In this paper,the damage characteristics,morphological and biological features of the pest were described in detail,and the management strategies and other relevant issues were also discussed.


FLUORIDE is taken up by enamel from the relatively high concentrations of fluoride used in topical applications or in fluoride dentifrices.1 That fluoride in concentrations of 1 ppm or less also reacts with tooth structure is suggested by the fact that fluoride will accumulate in the outermost layer of the enamel with age when only traces of fluoride are present in the environment.2 With 1 ppm of fluoride in the drinking water, as much as 1,550 ppm of fluoride may be present in the surface enamel of a person over 50 years of age as compared to only 890 in the surface enamel of a person under 20 years of age.3 In view of this external fluoride acquisition it is not surprising that posteruptive exposure to 1 ppm of fluoride will reduce dental caries.' The present study was undertaken to provide more information about the reaction between intact enamel and solutions containing 1 ppm of fluoride. Radioisotope technics were adopted which permitted the repeated study of the same area of enamel surface and which allowed measurements of amounts too small for currently available analytical procedures. Our aim was to study the rate of uptake and the extent to which fluoride uptake and removal can be modified by treating the enamel surface.


Column description. The Marketing column features essays about a variety of creative and innovative marketing strategies used to highlight collections or promote services in all types of libraries. Its purpose is to provide real examples of how libraries are using marketing and outreach techniques in interesting ways. The column offers practical insight from libraries engaged with marketing. In addition to marketing, the column also features essays on successful programs and events that promote the library. Readers are invited to suggest topics or projects by contacting the column editor, Katy Kelly. This article describes the social media content management strategy used at Red Deer College Library (Alberta, Canada), which includes an evolving and adaptable social media calendar, targeted timing of social media posts, using a social media management tool, and scheduling content in advance. The author also discusses creating content that is relevant to your users and evaluating your social media activities to constantly improve.


A nonlinear exchange rate model based on the famous Dornbusch (1976) overshhoting model is modified to allow for explicit consideration of the sources of supply and demand in the foreign exchange market along the lines suggested by Kouri (1983). Imperfect substitutability between domestic and foreign assets and finite speed of adjustment are intorduced into the foreign exchnage market. Portfolio considerations dictate that the function describing the fraction of wealth domestic residents desire to hold in foreign assets be nonlinear. The exchange rate dynamics are governed by a set of nonlinear differential equations which exhibit limit cycle behaviour under perfect foresight. A number of fiscal and monetary policies are examined within the framework of the nonlinear model and compared with results with results obtained in the traditional linear mode of analysis.


Abstract With one of the greatest turmoil in the world of work that has wreaked havoc on companies small and large, the global pandemic COVID‐19 is penning a new normative. Amidst such disruptions, employees are found to be floundering with tears, boredom, annoyance, and helplessness. With unparalleled challenges and uncertain prognosis, employees are unable to rebuild their power and thrive in alternative circumstances. This calls for an active effort on the part of organizations to embrace openness and discuss vividly what needs to be preserved, created, eliminated, or accepted. Deeper ties and inclusive approach of firms can amp up an employee's self‐worth. The current study reflected the essence of connectedness and oneness at times of crisis. Organizations can play a pivotal role in helping employees rise above the feeling of despair. Connecting with heart can sweep off the feeling of instability, bringing in a stream of positive emotions and experiences. The study draws a cross‐sectional data (n = 418) from employees working in various manufacturing and service companies of India to test the hypothesized framework. We have carried out SEM analysis through AMOS to understand the combined measurement model with mediation effects. The analytical results demonstrate that positive mindset fully and partially mediates between the drivers of heart work and resilience. The study reveals that the contributing factors of heart work significantly influences positive mindset of employees, which in turn has a positive association with resilience at work. One of the triggers of heart work—"Face the fear, fix fast" is found to be a strong and consistent predictor of positive mindset. Again, "Generate energy moments" another element of heart work stands to be a sharp predictor of resilience at work. The study also discusses varied implications that can enrich managerial effectuality in this crisis condition.


The aim of this paper is to present a solar energy collection technology by a photovoltaic cell. To present this efficient solar distributed generation system, a dual-axis solar tracker is designed. The tracker actively tracks the sun and changes its position accordingly to maximize the power output. The designed tracking system consists of sensors, microcontroller operated control circuits to drive DC motors and gear- bearing arrangements with supports and mountings. Two geared dc motors are used to move the solar panel so that sun's beam is able to remain aligned with the solar panel.


Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to examine the dynamic nature of the catastrophic health expenditure (CHE) on remittances receiving households between 2005 and 2012 in India.

Design/methodology/approach
The study adopted Xu's (2005) definition of catastrophic health-care expenditure. And also used binary logistic regression to examine the effects of remittances being received on CHE in households across India. The data were drawn from the two rounds of the India Human Development Survey conducted by the University of Maryland, the USA, and the National Council of Applied Economic Research, New Delhi, India.

Findings
The results show that the percentage of households received remittances, and that the amount of remittances received has substantially increased during 2005 and 2012, though variation is evident by socioeconomic and demographic characteristics of the household. Apparently, the variation (percentage of households received remittances) is more pronounced for factors such as household size, number of 60+ elderly, sectors and by regions. Household's catastrophic health spending and remittances being received show a statistically significant association. Households which received remittances during both the time showed the lowest likelihood (AOR:0.82; p-value < 0.10; 95% CI:0.64–1.03) to experience catastrophic health spending.

Originality/value
The paper identified the research gap to examine the occurrence of catastrophic health spending by remittances receiving status of the household using a novel panel data set.


This article has listed the problems that may affect the early cultivation of top creative talents in both school life and family life. Besides, it has pointed out the need to initiate early cultivation of innovative personality and creative thinking ability. Government, schools, families and the whole society should work together to make it right.


Information Technology IT outsourcing is a set of IT services that require providers to manage a long relationship with multiple services that have a high degree of variance between clients. IT outsourcing operational contexts display multi-input and multi-output variables, so managers need guidance on developing suitable approaches in order to identify the set of variables to analyse. This work proposes a model based on Data Envelopment Analysis DEA, which is a linear programming technique able to manipulate multiple inputs and outputs. DEA allows the identification of the most efficient operation, which in turn enables providers to set the best operational strategy to follow. The results demonstrate the importance of quantitative measures in a dynamic business environment like IT outsourcing. To develop the authors' research, design science research was applied, and eighteen IT outsourcing contracts were used to demonstrate their model's utility. This work is a major contribution for measuring efficiency in IT outsourcing operations.


Purpose
This study aims to examine the impact of electronic word of mouth (eWOM) on behavioural intentions of Indian urban millennials to use it when they book travel. The eWOM has been measured on the basis of four dimensions, namely, perceived credibility, quality, quantity and completeness. eWOM attitude is studied as a mediator.

Design/methodology/approach
The study first applies a confirmatory factor analysis to gauge validity and reliability. Then structural equation modelling was applied to test the research hypotheses after collecting responses from 288 Indian millennials from six North Indian cities. Mediation has also been examined using the bootstrapping method. The quality of the data was assured by Harman's single-factor test.

Findings
The study reveals that millennials' eWOM attitude fully mediates its perceived quality and its usage intentions at the time of booking travel. However, this mediation effect is partial with respect to other components of eWOM, namely, perceived credibility, perceived quantity and perceived completeness.

Practical implications
India has the largest millennial population (440 million) in the world out of which 33% live in urban cities. Hence, it becomes imperative for travel marketers to understand the attitude of millennials' towards eWOM, shared on social media. They should understand that millennials prefer eWOM in social media over traditional advertising for fulfilling their informational needs. Therefore, by apprehending the impact of recipients' perception towards various components of eWOM on their behavioural intentions to use it, market practitioners can design superior marketing campaigns that will help them to gain maximum in the changing business landscape.

Originality/value
The study is unique in the sense that to date no study to the limited knowledge of the researchers has investigated the attitude of Indian millennials towards eWOM on social media as a mediator to comprehend their behavioural intentions to use travel reviews when they book travel.


Since L. P. Hansen's (1982) seminal paper, the generalized method of moments (GMM) has become an increasingly important method for estimation and inference in econometrics. This paper examines semiparametric quasi-likelihood approaches. Essentially, these methods embed sample versions of the moment conditions used in GMM in a nonparametric quasi-likelihood function by use of additional parameters associated with these moment conditions. Specification and misspecification tests may be defined which are similar in nature to the classical tests and are first-order equivalent to the corresponding GMM statistics. The structure of the semiparametric quasi-maximum likelihood estimator is explored for models estimated by instrumental variables. Copyright 1997 by Royal Economic Society.


ABSTRACT Boron derivatives are one of the promising additives as a lubrication oil and fuel additive for manufacturing, aviation, aerospace, and defense technologic products. In this study, trimethyl borate was analyzed for combustion characteristics of a single-cylinder, four-stroke spark-ignition engine as a fuel additive. The engine operated at 2500 rpm, and the experiments were conducted at 25%, 50% 75%, and full load conditions. Trimethyl borate was added with 1%, 1.5%, 2%, and 2.5% by wt into gasoline, and combustion characteristics, engine performance, and exhaust emissions were compared with the reference fuel. In-cylinder pressure, heat release rate, the start of combustion and duration, brake-specific fuel consumption, thermal efficiency, and exhaust emissions were examined. Trimethyl borate accelerates the combustion with closing to full throttling load. At full throttling, maximum in-cylinder pressure was observed for gasoline as 30.51 bar and for the TriM2.5 as 26.88 bar. Minimum brake-specific fuel consumption was observed at 75% loading with 495.31 g/kWh, and the maximum thermal efficiency seemed like 16.5% for the Trim2.5 rate. CO and HC emissions were improved with all the addition rates and the upmost value was obtained at Trim2.5 with 12.1% and 14.4% respectively.


In this paper,we study the aircraft engine air starting difficulty caused by rich oil problem,based on the analysis of starting fuel supply,designs the high altitude correction module to compensate the influence of altitude on fuel supply characteristics.And taking comparison and analysis through the simulation test,results show that the scheme is feasible,and can solve the problem of oil-rich state of engine airstart.


A study was conducted in four different agro-climatic zones of Maharashtra state in India. The typology was developed with an aim to identify livestock production system, employment generation, and milk productivity oflivestock production system. Multivariate statistical technique, i.e. Cluster analysis (CA) was used to classify groupsof farm households with similar farm characteristics into four homogenous clusters, viz. households possessingsmall landholding, a larger high yielding dairy stock with small goat flock size (37.5%); small landholding with asmall stock of high yielding dairy animal and small goat flock size (39%); large landholding with large high yieldingdairy stock and small flock size (13.5%); small landholding with small high yielding dairy stock and large flock size(10%). It was observed that 47.5% of the respondents had dairy and 31.3% had a goat production system. The totalman-days generated for family labour were high (165.87) for cluster 2 households while, for hired labour, man-daysgenerated were high for cluster 4 households. Milk yield index was significantly high for cluster 3 and cluster 1households. Spearman correlation revealed that independent variables, viz. total SAU, flock size, income from dairyand goat production system positively correlated with milk productivity, employment generation (man-days) andgross annual income. Multiple regression analysis revealed that the integration of dairy and goat farming along with technology adoption significantly influenced the employment generation of small landholders.


Stomach appetizer one kind millet flour, parts by weight of the composition of raw materials: 200-300 millet, hawthorn 20-30, 20-30 plum, apple 10-15, 10-15 dates, Poria 4-5, 5-6 Atractylodes , 2-3 dried tangerine peel, bergamot 3-4, 1-2 Ding decanoate grass, light stab cleft lip spent 1-2, 2-3 Dendrobium, Radix 1-2, longan 3-4, 3-5 hawthorn leaf, lily 5 -8, 10-15 rice, sugar amount; stomach one kind of appetizer invention millet flour, simple process, excellent taste, cellulose; while adding Poria, Atractylodes, Citrus, bergamot and other herbs having appetizers stomach , has a good stomach appetizers role for upset stomach, no appetite for human consumption.


This study aims to (1) analyze the role of leadership and leader communication in improving employee performance at PT Garuda Karya Mandiri (2) analyze the typology of leadership communication applied by the leaders of PT Garuda Karya Mandiri. The findings of this study are expected to be able to determine the role of leadership and communication practices that should be carried out by a superior to his subordinates in running a company organization. Where we know that in the era of free competition that is so tight today, optimal performance for companies is a price of necessity to stay afloat while paying attention to the values of the mood of its employees. In an effort to always maintain employee performance so that it is always optimal, it is necessary for the role of leadership communication to achieve work targets in the company. Communication made by superiors should be interactive, humanistic and constructive so that each employee can carry out and enjoy their respective jobs. The results of research on the role of leadership in improving employee performance (respectively Communication) are: (1). Leaders as examples and role models, (2). Important decision makers, (3). Leaders as communicators, (4). Leaders as evaluators. Thus in the end it can be seen that through the role of leadership and communication carried out by a leader well, he will be able to maintain the mood of the employees so that it will have an impact on the realization of optimal performance in running the company's organization.


This report provides an overview of what can be done to prepare for the recovery of transportation critical infrastructure. Principles and processes based on federal guidance, effective practices, and lessons from case studies are provided to guide transportation owners and operators in their efforts to plan for recovery prior to the occurrence of an event that impacts transportation systems. Tools and resources are included to assist in both pre-planning for recovery and implementing recovery after an event. The Guide is intended to provide a single resource for understanding the principles and processes to be used for pre-event recovery planning for transportation infrastructure. In addition to the principles and processes, the Guide contains checklists, decision support tools, and resources to support pre-event recovery planning. The Guide will be of interest to transportation infrastructure owners/operators, transportations planners, and practitioners at the state and local levels.


To find whether chromosomes 13, 16, 18, 21, 22, X and Y in blastomeres of human embryos are nonrandomly localized, whether their aneuploidy affects their localization and if eventual early inactivation of chromosome X with peripheral localization is present.


First a military system and a commercial transportation route, recreational boating is today the major use of the extensive Rideau and Trent-Severn Waterway systems. Since 1972, these canals have been managed by Parks Canada in the context of the Canada - Ontario - Rideau - Trent-Severn Agreement (C.O.R.T.S.). In fact, Parks Canada's responsibilities extend throughout adjacent reservoir lakes totalling over 150,000 hectares and integrate programs involving: the maintenance of navigation channels; water level control; development of support facilities for boater recreation but also for land based users; the physical maintenance of the control structures and locks; natural, cultural and historical resources conservation and interpretation; and enhancement of general recreational environment.A variety of other federal, provincial and municipal agencies play a role in the management of these waterways. Water uses also include hydro-electric power generation, irrigation for agriculture, water supply for domest...


This paper analyses the requirement and the problem of multi-route. Based on the application, it points out the short of traditional IProuting, and gives out the solution of multi-route problem ―― IP policy routing. Then it introduces the implementation on Linux operatingsystem ―― iproute2, and shows an application come from real world.


Objective To examine the effect of Chinese medicine Jiunao Yizhi capsule on the changes of β-amyloid (Aβ) and related protein of D-galactose induced aging of murine brain (DGAM). Methods Immunohistochemical staining and western blotting for Aβ, beta-site APP-cleaving enzyme (BACE), endoplasmic reticulum amyloid β-peptide binding protein (ERAB) and presenilin-1 (PS-1) of DGAM were performed, the protective effect of Jiunao Yizhi capsule was observed. Results The expression level of Aβ and related proteins in the hippocampal of DGAM increased obviously as compared with control group ( P 0.01), while the result of Chinese medicine group was the same as that in normal mice. Conclusions The expression of Aβ and related protein in the hippocampal of DGAM are increased, while Chinese medicine Jiunao Yizhi capsule normalizes the expression and protects neurons.


This paper proposes novel antenna arrangements which improve the channel capacity for 4×4 multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) system in line-of-sight (LOS) environment. It is shown that the channel matrix is unitary matrix by the proposed antenna arrangement and the high channel capacity is obtained by the proposed antenna arrangement with directional antennas even if the multipath signals in indoor scenario are considered.


This paper proposes a proximity coupled tapered slot antenna (PCTSA) for an array element of millimeter frequency band applications. This paper presents model experiments to obtain basic characteristics of PCTSA.


In our country,the further education depending on local colleges occupies the main position in the fierce competition.Sharing the same resources with the local colleges and enjoying a co-existence,this kind of further education has a unique advantage in cultivating practical talents,guiding the innovation of local science and technology and serving the public. However,in the traditional reality of the local colleges which centers on ordinary higher education,an obvious deviation of orientation has been exposed. This article re-examines the goal and school action of further education from the perspective of learning society,and it tries to rectify the deviation on the understanding of further education,in order to make it get the due attention and give a due play to the"national education"and "life-long education".


Objective To investigate the approaches of clinical intervention led by pharmacists in China and abroad, pharmacists' duties and position in hospital were defined. Methods The interventions and these related effects were illustrated by reviewing the clinical cases in China and abroad. Results Under the intervention led by pharmacists, the total level of rational administration was enhanced, and a positive effect was found. Conclusion Developing clinical pharmacy is a worldwide tendency at the moment. In China, it is necessary to make progress in the institution and education of clinical pharmacy.


This paper focuses on the circulation of policy ideas within international administrations. Based upon a study of UNAIDS, the Joint UN Programme on HIV/AIDS, it shows how bureaucracies can capitalise on policy-oriented information and knowledge to strengthen their influence within their own environment. Using a policy transfer approach as its analytical framework, the paper draws particular attention to the UNAIDS Secretariat, considered as a ''transfer entrepreneur''. It argues that, in the 2000s, the Secretariat has demonstrated a capacity to collect, develop and disseminate policy ideas and, consequently, has gradually participated in UN policy development on AIDS. It thus suggests that the Secretariat has extended its authority within the UN system despite limited resources. In conclusion, the paper points out the need to examine policy transfer among international administrations through actors, interests and strategies, as a complement to holistic approaches. 1


This research, simultaneously developed together with the teaching practice supervised internship program at UFRJ, aims at discussing, the teaching of Literature at a federal school. Although the study of a single context is limited, thinking about the reality one has access to as a pre-service teacher is essential for a reflexive teaching practice (Freire, 1978). Results reveal that the teaching of Literature, according to participants, is based on traditional practices and show that these practices need to be rethought so that they become meaningful for students. This research can be considered innovative because it parts from the impressions of the students themselves, listening to their voice. The analyses based on these impressions searches to which degree the current practice of literature at school meets students' reading practice and stimulates students to develop themselves as readers.


A graduate textbook on the relationship between society and mental illness, exploring such aspects as the view of mental disorders throughout history, the approaches of medical and social sciences, drug abuse, homelessness and the law, anxiety and stress, schizophrenia and psychosis, and demographic


Objective Reduced verbal fluency (VF) has been reported in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD), especially those treated by Deep Brain Stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus (STN DBS). To delineate the nature of this dysfunction we aimed at identifying the particular VF-related operations modified by STN DBS. Method Eleven PD patients performed VF tasks in their STN DBS ON and OFF condition. To differentiate VF-components modulated by the stimulation, a temporal cluster analysis was performed, separating production spurts (i.e., 'clusters' as correlates of automatic activation spread within lexical fields) from slower cluster transitions (i.e., 'switches' reflecting set-shifting towards new lexical fields). The results were compared to those of eleven healthy control subjects. Results PD patients produced significantly more switches accompanied by shorter switch times in the STN DBS ON compared to the STN DBS OFF condition. The number of clusters and time intervals between words within clusters were not affected by the treatment state. Although switch behavior in patients with DBS ON improved, their task performance was still lower compared to that of healthy controls. Discussion Beyond impacting on motor symptoms, STN DBS seems to influence the dynamics of cognitive procedures. Specifically, the results are in line with basal ganglia roles for cognitive switching, in the particular case of VF, from prevailing lexical concepts to new ones.


Easy management and quality patient compliance are essential attributes for the development of any drug delivery system, oral drug delivery system, being the most convenient, least expensive and safest method is the preferred route amongst all. "Mouth Dissolving Tablets [MDTs]" have received ever-boosting demand during the last decades. These tablets are made to dissolve in the saliva very quickly, within a few seconds, and are true tablets that disperse quickly. Difficulty in swallowing conventional tablets and capsules problem can be resolved by the new drug delivery system by making "oral tablets" [MDTs]. Fast-dispersing tablets (FDTs), categorized under the umbrella of MDT have become a fast-growing area in the pharmaceutical industry. Fast disintegrating tablets (FDTs) are those dosage forms that are placed on the tongue or in the mouth cavity, dispersed or dissolved immediately, and release the drug, within a few seconds without the need for water. This may be due to the action of superdisintegrant or enlarging the pore structure in the formation etc. Fast disintegrating tablets (FDTs) aim to design dosage forms that are ready to be administered with no side effects, providing an immediate release for the quick action and improved bioavailability, to achieve better patient compliance. The purpose of this review article is to provide a framework for the composition of FDT, the prerequisite for the selection of key ingredients, its desirable features and development challenges, and various technologies developed to achieve fast dissolution/dispersion of tablets in the oral cavity. Besides this, the review also explores the various key mechanism of tablet disintegration techniques used for the formulation of oral mouth dissolving tablets along with its evaluation.


The apicomplexan parasite Cryptosporidium parvum, the agent of cryptosporidiosis, primarily infects and reproduces in enterocytes. Interferon (IFN)‐γ is important for early control of the infection and acts directly on enterocytes to inhibit parasite development, although complete inhibition is not obtained. Addressing this latter observation, an investigation was made of the modulatory effect of C. parvum infection on IFN‐γ‐dependent enterocyte gene expression. Initial studies showed that IFN‐γ‐induced expression of indoleamine 2, 3 dioxygenase (IDO) mRNA and protein in CMT‐93 cells was abrogated by C. parvum infection. Infection also inhibited IDO expression by the human enterocyte cell lines HT29 and Caco‐2. Expression of IFN‐γ‐inducible genes important in the development of immune responses, including major histocompatibility complex class II and CIITA, was also inhibited by the parasite. Investigating a possible mechanism for these findings, it was shown that infection caused depletion of STAT1α protein, a key transcription factor in IFN‐γ signalling. These findings indicate C. parvum interferes with IFN‐γ‐dependent gene expression in enterocytes and suggest this activity could be a novel immuno‐evasive strategy employed by the parasite.


Mesoporous aluminosilicate molecular sieves with the MCM-48 structure and atomic Si/Al ratios of 15−40 have been synthesized using aluminum chloride hexahydrate and aluminum sulfate as the sources ...


To improve the computing efficiency of Element-Free Galerkin(EFG) method,a Complex Variable EFG(CVEFG) method is presented and the corresponding formula are deduced.For the method,complex variable moving least-square approximation is combined with EFG,the integral weak form of control equations is used,and Lagrange multipliers are introduced into the boundary conditions.Compared with the traditional EFG method,the use of complex variables moving least-square approximation can decrease the number of the undetermined coefficients,so it results in the decrease of computation cost and improve the computation coefficient.The numerical examples are given to verify the efficiency of the method.


Superradiant clouds may develop around a rotating black hole, if there is a bosonic field with Compton wavelength comparable to the size of the black hole. In this paper, we investigate the effects of the cloud on the orbits of nearby compact objects. In particular, we consider the dynamical friction and the backreaction due to level mixing. Under these interactions, the probability of a black hole dynamically capturing other compact objects, such as stellar mass black holes and neutron stars, is generally enhanced with the presence of the cloud. For extreme mass ratio inspirals and binary stellar mass binary black holes, the cloud-induced orbital modulation may be detected by observing the gravitational waveform using space borne gravitational wave detectors, such as LISA. Interestingly within certain range of boson Compton wavelength, the enhanced capture rate of stellar mass black holes could accelerate hierarchical mergers, with higher-generation merger product being more massive than the mass threshold predicted by supernova pair instability. These observational signatures provide promising ways of searching light bosons with gravitational waves.


This paper presents the findings from an evaluation of SUCCEED (Southwestern University and College Coalition for Engineering Education), a National Science Foundation (NSF) coalition. The presentation is made in several stages: (1) a review of the background and goals of the NSF coalitions, SUCCEED in particular; (2) a discussion of the methods used in the evaluation and a summary of the major findings to date; and (3) discussion of the implications of SUCCEED's experiences for other programs aimed at reforming engineering education. The vision of the coalitions is one in which all engineering graduates will possess highly developed technical skills, the attitudes and awareness needed to prosper in the workplace, and motivation to enhance the nation's competitive position in world markets. Evaluation results indicate that the coalitions have contributed to increased access to technology, early exposure to engineering, and outreach towards minority groups. (DDR) ******************************************************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. ******************************************************************************** Curriculum Reform and the NSF Engineering Education Coalitions: A Case Study Robert C. Serow, Catherine E. Brawner, and James Demery North Carolina State University Presented to the Annual Meeting of the American Educational Research Association Chicago, March 1997 PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE AND DISSEMINATE THIS MATERIAL HAS BE N JRANTED BY TO THE EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) BEST PY AVAILABLE 2 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION Office of Educational Research and Improvement EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) This document has been reproduced as eived from the person or organization originating it. Minor changes have been made to improve reproduction quality. Points of view or opinions stated in this document do not necessarily represent official OERI position or policy. Curriculum Reform and the NSF Engineering Education Coalitions: A Case Study The National Science Foundation (NSF) Engineering Education Coalitions represent one of the most extensive efforts ever undertaken to reform undergraduate education. Involving dozens of institutions and upwards of $500 million over a ten-year period, the NSF coalitions are founded on a vision in which all engineering graduates will possess not only highly developed technical skills, but also the attitudes and awareness needed to prosper in the contemporary workplace and to enhance the nation's competitive position in world markets. The purpose of this paper is to present findings from an evaluation of one of the NSF coalitions--SUCCEED (the Southeastern University and College Coalition for Engineering Education). The presentation will proceed in several stages. First, it will briefly review the background and goals of the NSF coalitions, and of SUCCEED in particular. Then, it will discuss the methods of the evaluation and summarize the major findings to date. Finally, this paper will consider the implications of SUCCEED's experiences for other programs that aim at the reform of engineering education.


FIELD: food industry. SUBSTANCE: in accordance with the method proposed one produces a beet sugar solution containing beet molasses and malodorous volatile substances including pyrazines by way of one or more purification methods. The said beet sugar solution is subjected to electric dialysis to produced an electrically dialysed liquid wherefrom the malodorous volatile substances have been removed at least partially. Extracted from the said electrically dialysed liquid is a product selected from liquid and solid brown sugar products and combinations thereof. Additionally, the invention relates to beet sugar based food products produced from the beet sugar solution. EFFECT: this group of inventions enables production of food products capable to substitute for corresponding products produced from cane sugar. 46 cl, 2 dwg, 14 tbl, 9 ex


This paper presents an application of support vector machines (SVMs) to mu I ti class problem in endoscopie image classification. Many studies have reported that SVMs have met with success in the texture classification problem. As an endoscopie image poses rich information expressed by texture features, we therefore investigate the potential of SVMs in this task. Strategy for multiclass problem based on an ensemble of binary classifiers is also implemented since the traditional SVMs algorithm deals with single label classification problems. The proposed scheme demonstrated an excellent classification result for multiclass problem in endoscopie image classification. We also show how a distortion correction helps further improve the results.


The production process and study route of white carbon black,which was prepared by paddy hull,were introduced.The influence of calcination process conditions of paddy hull on the structure of paddy hull ash and dissolving rate of silica by alkali were investigated.With the conditions of rising temperature slowly,enough air,calcination time at 120 min and calcination temperature at 650~750 ℃,the dissolving rate of silica from paddy hull ash by alkali reached 85% above.


This project provides the opportunity for the researcher to have a deeper understanding on the robot that used in agriculture industry. The project will come out a small prototype car with a tank that can store a liquid like fertilizer or pesticides. This project also will focus on the software and hardware design.

On the first chapter of the thesis, I will introduce about the smart- agri robot in agriculture industry. In this chapter, it have consist of several sub- title which have
include the problem statement, objective, scope of work, motivation of the work and will ending with project methodology. For the chapter 2, it is consist of literature
review. For this chapter, it will covered on the control circuit and theoretical that I will use in this project. Besides that, it also have include some theoretical of the main components such as PIC microcontroller 16F877A, IR sensor and some technical knowledge which will covered into this chapter.

All of this technical knowledge such as the important of protective diodes and interfacing relay to microcontroller for protecting the circuit. The next chapter which is chapter 3, it is covered about the methodology for designing the project. For the following chapter of this project will be chapter 4. In this chapter, I will explain more on the operation and processes that will undertake in this project. The final chapter for this report will be the project recommendation and conclusion of the project.


For three years, a one inch layer of leaf compost was applied to plots on a sandy terrace soil in Windsor, Connecticut and fertilized with 1300 lb 10-10-10/A (N-P2O5-K2O). Yields of four cultivars of onions (Allium cepa L.) (3 Spanish, 1 storage) from these plots were compared to yields from unamended control plots fertilized at the same rate. Year to year variability in yields was significantly lower in compost-amended plots. Yields from the unamended control plots (52% variation) fluctuated more than the compost-amended plots (3% variation) in response to variable rainfall from year to year. After three years of compost additions, yields from the compost-amended plots of the three Spanish onion cultivars were significantly greater than yields of these cultivars grown in unamended plots. The greater yields were due to both increased bulb weight and greater percent harvested. In two of three years, the compost-amended plots produced a greater percentage of colossal and jumbo sized onions in all cultivars. Repeated compost additions also reduced the incidence of soft rot disease, especially in susceptible cultivars in years with higher than average precipitation.


The prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and cognitive impairment (CI) is increasing with age. MetS reduces overall cognition, and CI predicts an increased risk of drug-related problems. We investigated the impact of suspected MetS (sMetS) on cognition in an aging population receiving pharmaceutical care in a different state of old age (60–74 vs. 75+ years). Presence or absence of sMetS (sMetS+ or sMetS−) was assessed according to criteria modified for the European population. The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) score, being ≤24 points, was used to identify CI. We found a lower MoCA score (18.4 ± 6.0) and a higher rate of CI (85%) in the 75+ group when compared to younger old subjects (23.6 ± 4.3; 51%; p < 0.001). In the age group of 75+, a higher occurrence, of MoCA ≤ 24 points, was in sMetS+ (97%) as compared to sMetS− (80% p < 0.05). In the age group of 60–74 years, a MoCA score of ≤24 points was identified in 63% of sMetS+ when compared to 49% of sMetS− (NS). Conclusively, we found a higher prevalence of sMetS, the number of sMetS components and lower cognitive performance in subjects aged 75+. This age, the occurrence of sMetS and lower education can predict CI.


This paper describes the efforts of Stanford University's Aerospace Robotics Laboratory (ARL), the Palo Alto – Mountain View (California) Regional Special Weapons and Tactics (SWAT) team, and the MLB Company to bridge the gap between the perception of potential uses of autonomous robots in police SWAT environments and the reality of their application. The ARL researchers were given freedom of movement throughout live SWAT field training exercises so that they could simultaneously monitor the command post actions, SWAT team movements, and suspects' activities. This perspective highlighted five significant challenges that should influence future work. First, the considerable difficulty in building a consistent centralized world model indicates the necessity of relying on local sensing for robot tactical maneuvers. Second, the SWAT team referred to objects in the environment throughout their communications, yet the recognition and manipulation of previously unknown objects is a difficult task for robots. Third, the time available for tactical planning was observed to be one of two extremes: nearly infinite or infinitesimally small. Fourth, the SWAT environment has much uncertainty, and SWAT team members are reluctant to introduce any additional uncertainty, friendly or otherwise, via a robot. Finally, the operator plays important roles that must be supported by the robot and the user interface. This paper describes in detail the SWAT exercises that were observed, the challenges indicated by these observations, and a demonstration of an autonomous robot – the MLB Bat unmanned aerial vehicle – in a SWAT environment. Introduction This paper describes the efforts of Stanford University's Aerospace Robotics Laboratory (ARL), the Palo Alto – Mountain View (California) County Special Weapons and Tactics (SWAT) team, and the MLB Company to bridge the gap between the perception of potential uses of autonomous robots in police SWAT environments and the reality of their application. The robot builders (the ARL researchers and MLB designers) and the SWAT leaders felt that such an effort would address an area of limited current understanding. Robotics motivation Many field robot and autonomous vehicles builders envision their work as assisting humans in positive ways – particularly by replacing them in dangerous, dirty, or dull missions. However, the experience of these robot creators in such hazardous situations is usually limited. Thus, there is some uncertainty regarding what characteristics a robot needs to have to truly be effective in these missions. Some research topics are more on the critical path to deployment than others, and some design criteria should be weighted differently. This research sought to identify these important areas for future work. SWAT motivation SWAT team members recognize that they hold one of the most dangerous civilian occupations. They want to take all possible steps to minimize that danger while accomplishing their mission. From exposure to robotics through the popular media, they envision the possibilities that robots may have to make their jobs safer. However, they do not have a true picture of the actual strengths, weaknesses, or operations requirements of modern robots. SWAT leaders do not know how soon they might be able to involve robots in their operations and are unsure of robots' potential cost. They also have concerns about autonomous robot use in an environment that often leaves little margin for error. Through the research efforts described in this paper, SWAT team leaders were educated in the realistic capabilities of current autonomous robots through discussions with the ARL and demonstrations by MLB. The SWAT members were shown the operations realities of autonomous robots and the ramifications of their deployment. At the same time, the Aerospace Robotics Laboratory and the MLB Company learned about working in a SWAT environment. In particular, some important qualities for a SWAT robot were identified. The broader purpose of this research was to produce this paper and educate the robotics community about SWAT applications as discovered through this unique partnership. Outline This paper will give a brief description of the SWAT environment and the methods of observation available to the ARL researchers. The observations themselves are then discussed and are followed by the research and design challenges that were identified. Next, the use of the MLB Bat autonomous airplane in a SWAT exercise is discussed as well as the operations challenges that were highlighted through this preliminary test. Background and Terminology The audience for this paper is expected to be primarily from the robotics and automated vehicle fields and inexperienced in SWAT operations and terminology. Consequently, a description of SWAT teams and the SWAT incident environment will be given. The reader is assumed to have a basic understanding of robotics. Police Special Weapons and Tactics teams Police SWAT teams are responsible for handling high-risk tactical situations involving barricaded suspects, hostage situations, and the serving of warrants. The primary goal of the team is the successful conclusion of high-risk situations through the use of specially equipped and highly trained personnel without injury or loss of life to citizens, suspects, or police officers. Officers assigned to the SWAT team are required to pass a physical agility and strength test and a psychological examination, and to participate in monthly SWAT-specific training sessions. Components of a SWAT team deployed at a site vary from incident to incident, but typically include a command structure, tactical teams, a Hostage Negotiation Team (HNT), and a sniper component. The command structure consists of an incident commander, the tactical commander, and the Hostage Negotiator Team leader. These individuals establish an incident command post at some distance from the suspect. The location containing the suspects, hostages, and focus of the action is known as the objective site. The command post is located at a distance close enough to enable speedy travel by foot to the objective site, but far enough away to provide a safe and secure location for the command structure to function. A generic incident site map is shown in Figure 1. The incident commander ultimately makes the critical decisions and is responsible for the incident as a whole, including interactions with the press, coordination of action between the various team components, and handling logistics. The Hostage Negotiator Team works to achieve peaceful resolution of the incident through a dialogue with the suspects, and its leader is responsible for communicating the status and progress of the HNT to the other commanders and guiding HNT activities to complement the tactical squads. The tactical commander's role is to coordinate the activities of the tactical teams – assault group, rescue element, sniper component, and perimeter control – throughout the incident. Typically, there is significant physical distance between the tactical commander (at the incident command post) and the tactical teams (at the action), and the commander does not have direct sight of the squads or the incident site. The tactical commander thus relies on radio (voice only) technology to gather information from and convey commands to the tactical teams. In some cases, members of the tactical squads will return to the command post for face-to-face meetings with the tactical commander. Figure 1 Generic SWAT incident site layout Also at the command post are tactical dispatchers, who handle most of the communications to the external world and from the commanders to the deployed squads. The dispatchers also maintain logs of all activities, descriptions of suspects and hostages, and maps of the objective site. This information is posted for display to the command structure and is used for tactical decisions. Hardcopy city planning maps are kept in each patrol car, so a detailed map of the neighborhood – street locations and widths, buildings, open lots, and routes of access – is immediately available to the SWAT team. Other information derived from intelligence sources (e.g. government records, neighbors, building supervisors), such as auxiliary maps and building layout descriptions, may be photocopied and distributed to the appropriate team members. SWAT conduct at the incident site The tactical commander provides instruction to the tactical squad leaders within minutes of arrival. One squad is the Emergency Response Team, which is immediately given contingency plans and sent to the objective site. A team of scouts is then sent to create an assessment of the situation and provide prospects for entry methods, methods of safe approach, and descriptions of other salient features. Snipers are also put in place to gather intelligence and report to the command post. These units would normally be outfitted with advanced optics, such as scoped rifles or high-powered binoculars. Then, while the team waits for the Hostage Negotiator Team to achieve a peaceful resolution of the situation, the tactical commander and the tactical squads devise an assault plan. When the scouts return, they are integrated back into the tactical squads. The team draws maps on paper and in chalk on the street, and practices the movements and timing that will be used in the assault. This is an unrushed process, and the tactical team will make the rest of the team wait, if possible, until they are satisfied with their plans. After the plan is set, the tactical squads deploy as appropriate. The pace of operations is typically unhurried and deliberate. Position reports are initially provided about once every two or three minutes, then slow down as squads settle into their positions. Twenty minutes might pass between orders, although this depends significantly on the pace of the incident. Intentions of tactical squads are reported more frequen


This paper begins with a why question,tries to analyze reasons of market inefficiency from three perspectives:scale,price and cost.Then characteristics of share offering system of the United States,Germany,Hong Kong,Japan,Taiwan and other overseas markets are reviewed.Though the relationship between government and market,the review procedure and extent are slightly different,key issues are the same:keeping the balance between equity and efficiency and continuous improvement of information disclosure systems.Suggestions parts focus on two issues from demand and supply dimensions respectively.


1. Introduction. 2. Engineering Economic Analysis. 3. Project Screening and Selection. 4. Multiple-Criteria Methods for Evaluation. 5. Structuring the Project: Organizational Structure and Work Breakdown Structure. 6. Technological Aspect: Configuration Selection, Management and Control. 7. Project Scheduling. 8. Project Budget. 9. Resource Management. 10. Life-Cycle Costing. 11. Project Control. 12. Research and Development Projects. 13. Computer Support for Project Management. 14. Project Termination. Appendix: Short Guide to SuperProject Expert. Index.


toward the referent. Sonkei-go is used to discuss socially distant (i.e., superior) persons' or their in-group members' actions or events and is characterized by such grammatical constructions as o-Verb-ni naru, oVerb-da, and Verb-(r)areru (e.g., okaerininaru; okaerida; kaerareru "will return"). Kenjo-go is generally used when speakers humbly discuss their own or their in-group members' actions or events that are related to the superior person and is characterized by o-Verb-suru (e.g., oyobisuru "summon someone"). Besides these grammatically derived referent honorifics, there are lexical substitutes (Niyekawa 1991) for some verbs.


mal in the first four hours after delivery of the infant; the level declines thereafter and at 24 hours is the same as or a little higher than that seen in late pregnancy and at the onset of labour. The level of F.D.P. is even higher in 50% of women with twin births. We have not made any observations later than 24 hours after delivery. Recent findings' regarding the haemagglutination inhibition assay have shown that the assay can be considerably simplified by the substitution of human for sheep red cells. A uniform level of protein for dilution of samples and standards should be used throughout the assay to achieve reliable results. We have largely abandoned the use of the microtitre (or similar) system, since we found that it introduces a consistent error, as it tends to produce less than doubling dilutions, resulting in fallaciously low readings. In addition, the currently used assay which involves red cell agglutination (rather than a settling pattern of cells) is easier to read in a plate with larger wells. We have been able to adapt the method to the AutoAnalyzer with similar and even more reproducible results, allowing more certain detection of small differences between samples. Rechecking our previous results on the AutoAnalyzer has confirmed the results mentioned above.We are, etc., C. MERSKEY. G. J. KLEINER. W. MARKUS. Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461, U.S.A. A. J. JOHNSON. New York University Medical Center, New York, N.Y. 10016, U.S.A.


In order to study the factors which influence the inorganic binder stabilized material's compaction test results, different recycled material content therefore different reclaimed gradation mixtures are tested while varying the amount of cement. The experiment results show that contents of the recycled base material and the recycled surface material on the compaction test results are determined by the change of their density and water absorption ratio. Dry density of the recycled mixture increases with the increase of the reclaimed base material density. Low water absorption ratio of the recycled material reduces the reclaimed mixture's optimum moisture content. Density of the reclaimed wearing surface material reduces the maximum dry density of the reclaimed mixture because the old wearing surface material has lower density. Its low water absorption reduces the optimum moisture content of the recycled mixture. Influence of cement content on compaction test results is the increase of the cement content can enhance the maximum dry density and optimum moisture content of the recycled material. Through the analysis of the results of the compaction test, the key factors in the recycled material compaction test are unveiled.


With the advantages of high peak capacity, high resolution and high sensitivity, Capillary isoelectric focusing has become a popular method for separation of biomolecules.


It discloses a method and apparatus for performing channel tree operations in a communication system. Method and apparatus for scheduling channel resources in a communication system, order the channel tree, the channel tree operations, perform calculations speed improved. The disclosed methods, including on the basis of the ordering scheme is defined, the real nodes of a channel tree, each of the one or more node identifiers, a mapping to a corresponding virtual node identifiers. After mapping, the method includes using the virtual node identifier, for one or more of the real nodes of a channel tree, to perform one or more operations. Is configured to perform the methods disclosed are also disclosed corresponding apparatus.


Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) has been standardised for digital audio broadcasting (DAB), digital video broadcasting (DVB) and wireless local area networks (WLAN). OFDM systems are capable of effectively coping with frequencyselective fading without using complex equalisation structures. The modulation and demodulation processes using fast fourier transform (FFT) and its inverse (IFFT) can be implemented very efficiently. More recently, multicarrier code division multiple access (MC-CDMA) based on the combination of OFDM and conventional CDMA has received growing attention in the field of wireless personal communication and digital multimedia broadcasting. It can cope with channel frequency selectivity due to its own capabilities of overcoming the asynchronous nature of multimedia data traffic and higher capacity over conventional multiple access techniques. On the other hand, multicarrier modulation schemes are based on the transmission of a given set of signals on large numbers of orthogonal subcarriers. Due to the fact that the multicarrier modulated (MCM) signal is a superposition of many amplitude modulated sinusoids, its probability density function is nearly Gaussian. Therefore, the MCM signal is characterised by a very high peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR). As a result of the high PAPR, the MCM signal is severely distorted when a nonlinear high power amplifier (HPA) is employed to obtain sufficient transmitting power. This is very common in most communication systems, and decreases the performance significantly. The simplest way to avoid the nonlinear distortion is substantial output backoff (OBO) operating in the


There is provided a conference bridge or transcoder configured to intelligently handle multiple speech channels in the contest of a packet network, wherein various speech channels may adhere to variety of speech encoding standards. For example, the conference bridge establishes framing and alignment of multiple incoming speech channels associated with multiple participants, extracts parameters from the speech samples, mixes the parameters, and re-encodes the resulting speech samples for transmission to the participants. In one aspect, a speech processing method comprises decoding a first bitstream according to a first coding scheme to generate first speech samples and a first side information; generating second speech samples and a second side information using the first speech samples and the first side information, for use according to a second coding scheme; and creating a second bitstream, encoded based on the second coding scheme, using the second speech samples and the second side information.


Abstract Spatial or temporal isotopic variation, or both, in primary producers must be controlled for when investigating the foraging and trophic ecology of top consumers using isotopic data. Populations of the sister species Zalophus californianus and Z. wollebaeki are separated by approximately 3,350 km in the eastern tropical Pacific Ocean, which prevents contact and mixing between the 2 populations. To explore differences in trophic ecology between these species, as well as the impact of differences in baseline food-web isotope values between the 2 regions, we compared conventional dietary data derived from analyses of scat contents to isotopic values of hair collected from pups at 13 rookeries in the Gulf of California (Z. californianus) and 11 rookeries on the Galápagos Islands (Z. wollebaeki). Mean ± 1 SD δ13C and δ15N values were −15.9‰ ± 0.5‰ and 21.8 ± 0.7‰ in the Gulf of California, whereas for the Galápagos they were −14.5‰ ± 0.5‰ and 13.1‰ ± 0.5‰. Examination of scat data suggested overlap in 6 of the 10 most common prey consumed by sea lions. Trophic level (TL) derived from scat analysis was positively related with δ15N values for the Gulf of California rookeries, but estimates of TL for each region were similar (4.4 for Galápagos and 4.1 for Gulf of California), suggesting that foraging behavior makes a limited contribution to the large difference in δ15N value between the 2 populations. Particulate organic matter δ15N values near the Galápagos Islands are ∼5.3‰ lower than values in the Gulf of California, suggesting that the baseline food-web values account for approximately two-thirds of the observed difference in pup hair δ15N values. This study may provide clues to better understand isotopic values of marine top predators migrating across the eastern Pacific Ocean.


Antiseptic treatment with D. H. A. for the preservation of "Kamaboko" are employed, and some effects are obtained. Brayed fish meat, "Kamaboko", is mixed with D. H. A. and dipped into warm solution of D. H. A. after steaming, and then packed with moistened cellophan with solution of D. H. A. These treatmets are combined and preserved the "Kamaboko" in eatable state for more than 10 days at 25-30°C and full moisture.


Based on the weight and number biased fiber length histogram determined by aQura Cotton Fiber Length Testing Instrument,the probability density functions of fiber length were fitted by employing non-parametric kernel estimate.The fiber linear density distribution under different lengths was deduced by comparing the difference between the two kinds density functions.The coefficient of variation of linear density and diameter were characterized comprehensively with the known variance of linear density of upland cotton fiber along its longitudinal direction from the length distributions.Two illustrative examples of cotton slivers showed the calculation process of the coefficient of variation of diameter and verified the feasible approach.


Particle−particle and particle−wall capillary interactions were measured as a function of the separation distance. The "particles" were vertical thin glass cylinders and/or small glass spheres, protruding from an air/liquid interface. The particles attract each other due to the overlapping of the menisci formed around each of them. The force of interaction is detected by a sensitive torsion microbalance. It is based on counterbalancing the moment of a couple of forces, acting between two pairs of particles, by the torsion moment of a thin platinum wire. By varying the wire diameter, we accessed forces differing by several orders of magnitude, from about 5 dyn at small separation between the particles down to 0.001 dyn at large separation. The smallest force was measured with two cylinders of diameters about 300 μm. For two spheres (diameters 1.2 mm) we obtained difference in the forces corresponding to different heights of protrusion from the liquid surface. For interacting sphere and glass cylinder the f...


There continues to be an appreciable number of non-unions with both midfoot and hindfoot fusions and the quest persists to reduce this number in a cost-effective and reproducible way. The purpose of this study was to test the ability of allograft demineralized bone matrix (DBM) (AlloFuse®, AlloSource®, Centennial, CO) to affect healing after midfoot and subtalar fusions. A total of 28 patients were recruited to the study: 14 subtalar fusions and 14 tarsometatarsal (TMT) fusions. The patients were randomized into DBM and autograft groups. Both groups were followed for 12 months. The same surgical approach and fusion technique was used for both groups. Of the seven subtalar fusions in the DBM group, six fused in eight to twelve weeks, while six of six healed in the autograft group in the same period of time. Six of the six DBM TMT fusions healed in eight to twelve weeks, compared to five of six in the autograft group. Although the numbers in this study were small, there was no statistical difference between the fusion rates of DBM versus autograft in two common foot procedures. Demineralized bone matrix proved to be safe, reliable and cost effective. Introduction Non-union of foot fusions continues to be one of the most common and most bothersome of the complications of foot surgery, often requiring a revision surgery with the associated significant financial and psychological cost to the patient. These surgeries require an extended time period away from work, activity modification and difficulties with weight bearing restrictions during the convalescence. Therefore, the quest continues to find a cost-effective and reproducible way to lower the non-union rate. There is ongoing research and multiple new products on the market to deal with this issue. These products include a series of DBM preparations and a variety of specific bone morphogenic proteins. The purpose of the study was to test the ability of DBM (AlloFuse, AlloSource, Centennial, CO) to affect healing after midfoot and subtalar fusions. Use of Demineralized Bone Matrix Gel in Foot Surgery: A Prospective Randomized Controlled Study Comparing Demineralized Bone Matrix to Autologous Bone Graft J. Christiaan Coetzee, M.D. Chief: Foot and Ankle Division, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN Scientific Data Series By AlloSource * StimublastTM is a registered trademark of AlloSource and is a product comprised of the same components and formulation as AlloFuse. 2 C L I N I C A L | V O L U M E 1 * StimublastTM is a registered trademark of AlloSource and is a product comprised of the same components and formulation as AlloFuse. Methods From January to July of 2004, 28 patients were recruited to the study. Of these, 14 were subtalar fusions and 14 TMT fusions. Each group had seven DBM fusions and seven autograft fusions. The patients were randomized into the DBM and autograft groups. Inclusion criteria for the study included the following: between 20 and 65 years of age, midfoot or subtalar indication for a fusion (post-traumatic degeneration or rheumatoid arthritis) and no other ipsilateral foot or ankle fusions. Exclusion criteria included: smoking, peripheral neuropathy or peripheral vascular insufficiency, severely deformed midfoot or hindfoot requiring a significant corrective osteotomy or bone block fusion at the same time. Weight bearing x-rays were completed pre-op and post-op at six weeks, three months, six months and one year. The AOFAS Ankle-Hindfoot Scale and Midfoot Scale, Visual Analog Pain Scale (VAS) and a clinical questionnaire were used. These were completed at the same intervals as the x-rays. Patients with a questionable fusion or ongoing pain were further evaluated using computed tomography (CT) at 12 weeks. The same surgical approach and fusion technique were used for both groups. With the midfoot fusions, one dorsal incision was used if only the medial two rays were fused (three in the DBM group and four in the autograft group). Therefore, four of the DBM and three of the autograft group received a fusion of the medial three rays. This was done through two incisions, the first between the first and second TMTs and the second overlying the third metatarsal. In the DBM group, the remnants of articular cartilage were removed and the apposing surfaces fish–scaled to improve healing. Between 1cc and 2cc of DBM gel was injected in the spaces between the joints prior to multiple screw fixation. The medial ray was immobilized with two screws, while the second and third with either one screw or a staple each. For the autograft group, cancellous bone was harvested from the calcaneus through a small lateral incision and packed in the joint spaces. Fixation was performed in an identical fashion as the DBM group. A standard 3cm Ollier sinus tarsi incision was used for the subtalar fusions. The posterior and middle facets were exposed and denuded of cartilage. The apposing surfaces were also feathered with a small osteotome to improve healing. Two screws were inserted from the posterior aspect of the calcaneus into the talus for compression. The DBM group had 5cc gel injected into the posterior facet and sinus tarsi. In the autograft group the space was filled with cancellous graft taken from the ipsilateral proximal tibia. The post-operative course was exactly the same for the two groups. The average hospital stay was 0.6 days (range 0 to 3 days). Ten of the subtalar fusions and five of the midfoot fusions were outpatients. Patients were instructed to be heel touch weight bearing only, maximum 25 pounds. The first cast and sutures were removed at two weeks. A second cast was applied and the same restrictions were followed until the six week visit. The forms were then completed and x-rays taken. If there were adequate signs of fusion, a walking boot was applied with the instructions to increase weight bearing to full weight bearing over two to four weeks. The boot was removed for sleeping and showering. A follow-up X-ray was performed between 10 and 12 weeks. If this again showed adequate fusion, the patient could ambulate without support and started physical therapy. Therapy focused on gait training, proprioception, strengthening and mobility.


Objective:To investigate the cardioprotective effects of delayed preconditioning of Allitricdium on experimental myocardial infarction in rabbits.Methods:Rabbits were preconditioning using Allitridum(1mg/Kg or 0.5mg/Kg).The hemodynamic values were measured 24h late to determine the protective effects against experimental ischemia/reperfussion injury.Results:Allitridi preconditioning(0.5,1mg/kg) could decrease the LVEDP at the end of reperfusion 32.34% and 56.56% respectively(P0.05 or P0.01),increase LVPSP 61.58% and 94.33% respectively(P0.05),increase +dp/dt max 19.94%,49.84% respectively(P0.05),and dp/dt max 24.17%,51.33% respectively(P0.05 or P0.01).But HR and CF were not significantly different between groups during the experiments.Conclusion:Allitriuium can mimic the delayed cardioprotection on experimental acute myocardial infarction in rabbits.Allitridium has the potential value in treating coronary heart diseases.


OBJECTIVE To evaluate the quality of Vitamin C injection, and offer some suggestions on the current quality standards according to the exploratory results. METHODS On the basis of current quality standards, exploratory research methods were used to examine samples, analysis the results form the different methods. RESULTS The 309 batches of samples were tested under the current standard, with a pass rate of 100%. Exploratory research showed that 6 of 68 batches of samples' related substances were more than 1.0%, 1 of 23 batches of samples' content was below the limits determined by HPLC. The UV absorption and color of solution was positively correlated, but had no linear ralationship. All of the tested samples' related substances were exceeded 1.0% when their colour were equal to NO.5 yellow standard colorimetric solution. One of the colored substances was probably assosiated by vitamin C and its degradation pruducts. Samples with thioglycolic acid as antioxidant had stronger cytotoxicity than samples with hydrochloride cysteine as antioxidants. CONCLUSION The quality of Vitamin C injection can basically meet the current standards, but the current standards need to be further improved by adding check items of related substances, improving limits of absorption value for color check, establishing a highly specific method for the determination of content.


Studies in recent years have shown that the human cytomegalovirus infection may be associated with the formation and development of atherosclerosis, This article reviews the evidence and mechanism that human cytomegalovirus causes atherosclerosis.

Key words:
cytomegalovirus infection ;  atherosclerosis


Wherein, X is Br] Formula I agomelatine hydrobromic acid hydrate represented by, their preparation and use, as well as pharmaceutical compositions containing the same are provided. Solubility of agomelatine hydrobromide hydrate obtained by this method is significantly higher than the agomelatine. Therefore, it is the production of pharmaceutical preparations, more suitable. In addition, the product has a greater stability and purity. By rather simple process to the step of having a complex phase, it is possible to obtain a high purity of the product.


Iron sand, a raw source of magnetic materials, is known to exist in a particular area in Indonesia. However, researchers mostly focused on the iron sand source from the western coast of Sumatera and the southern coast of Java while the northern coast of Papua had not been yet identified. In this study, iron sand samples were collected from the coastal area of Sarmi located on the northern coast of the Papua Province between these geographic positions 1°47′52.30″S - 138°40′27.60″E and 1°57′57.50″S - 138°57′7.60″E. The results show that samples from Tor River estuary had the highest mass-specific magnetic susceptibility values, varying approximately from 3000 to 4000 × 10−8 m3/kg. Contrarily, samples from the Verkame area had a much lower mass-specific magnetic susceptibility, varying approximately from 200 to 600 × 10−8 m3/kg unexpectedly. The mineral and magnetic structure confirms the presence of iron oxide minerals in iron sands from the Tor River estuary.


In this paper, the FPGA realization of fuzzy based subway train braking system has been presented on an Altera FLEX10K device to provide an accurate and increased speed of convergence of the network. The fuzzy based subway train braking system is comprised of fuzzifier, inference, rule selector and defuzzifier modules. Sixteen rules are identified for the rule selector module. After determining the membership functions and its fuzzy variables, the Max-Min Composition method and Mamdani-Min implication operator are used for the inference module and the Centre of Gravity method is used for the defuzzification module. Each module is modeled individually using behavioral VHDL. The layers are then connected using structural VHDL. Two 8-bit and one 8-bit unsigned digital signals are used for input and output respectively. Six ROMs are defined in order to decrease the chances of processing and increasing the throughput of the system. Once the particular approaches are detected for input, output, main block and various modules, the VHDL descriptions are run through a VHDL simulator. This is followed by the timing analysis and circuit synthesis for the validation, functionality and performance of the designated circuit, which supports the practicality, advantages and effectiveness of the proposed hardware realization for the applications.


This paper investigates business interest representation in Britain. It examines the nature of direct firm contact with government in comparison to group-mediated contact and in doing so helps fill the general information gap about business political activities. Robert Salisbury's distinction between institutional and group representation and the macro-economic implications Mancur Olson draws from the relative "encompassingness" of interest representation contribute the theoretical context. An analysis of survey data reveals that business interest representation is decentralized to institutions rather than groups, with only a relatively limited role for the Confederation of British Industry--the most encompassing of groups.


The proportion of eggs of Meloidogyne incognita which hatched following extraction from egg masses with sodium hypochlorite solution (NaOCl) was shown to be related to the proportion that were embryonated at the time of extraction. Following NaOCl extraction, young egg masses (4-5 weeks after inoculation), which contained proportionally fewer embryonated eggs, yielded proportionally fewer juveniles than did old egg-masses (8-9 weeks). Using eggs extracted with NaOCl as inoculum a similar difference was observed in the numbers of juveniles which invaded tomato roots. Differences between two experiments in the rate at which eggs were released by the same nominal concentration of NaOCl were subsequently attributed to differences in chlorine (Cl) content. A further experiment where the Cl content was assayed showed that the numbers of eggs extracted increased, but that their viability decreased, with increasing concentration and duration of exposure to NaOCl. Overall, NaOCl was most effective when used on older egg masses with a high proportion of embryonated eggs.


A new method for assay of santonin from Artemisia incana Keller was described which was suitable for analysis of the herb or its lime water extracts.The procedure of the method was outlined as follows. 0.25gm.of sample was extracted with lime water and the calicum santonate was adsorbed by 1.0gm.animal charcoal,the calicum santonate in animal charcoal was acidified with hydrochloric acid and the free santonin extracted with chloroform and then estimated colorimetricaly with FeCl_3 in sulfuric acid. The average deviation of the method was estimated below 0.0176%. The analytic result of the same sample of the new methods and A.O.A.C.method(1945) are in close agreement.


Abstract. The putatively ancient subterranean crustacean family Parabathynellidae has been poorly studied, in part because of the problem of obtaining material from difficult to access subterranean habitats in which they live. Further, the systematics of the group has been complicated by their generally simplified morphology and isolated descriptions of new taxa in the absence of any phylogenetic framework. Using material from comprehensive field surveys and mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) and nuclear 18S sequence data, plus morphology, a new genus is recognised, Arkaroolabathynella Abrams & King, gen. nov., from underground waters in the Flinders Ranges, South Australia. Arkaroolabathynella contains four genetically and morphologically distinct species, described as A. bispinosa Abrams & King, sp. nov., A. remkoi Abrams & King, sp. nov., A. robusta Abrams & King, sp. nov. and A. spriggi Abrams & King, sp. nov. Phylogenetic analysis also revealed a previously unknown diversity of parabathynellids from southern Australia, and a complex set of relationships with the eastern (New South Wales) and south-western (Western Australia) continental faunas. Additionally, this study showed that deep molecular divergences in parabathynellids are not always reflected in morphological divergence. A checklist to Australian parabathynellid genera and species is also provided.


Attempts have been made to prepare a high performance bio-based blend through blending of poly (lactic acid) (PLA) with natural rubber (NR) in the presence of epoxidized natural rubber (ENR) as a compatibilizer. The prepared samples were characterized by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), measuring the tensile properties and impact resistance, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMTA). Morphological studies revealed a matrix-dispersed morphology for all blends, in which the average droplet size significantly decreased with the use of ENR. The elongation at break and impact strength of the blend containing 3 wt% ENR were 45 and 16 times those of neat PLA, respectively. These values are significantly higher than those previously reported for different simple and dynamically vulcanized rubber toughened PLAs. The influence of ENR on compatibility was confirmed by rheological tests, FTIR and DMTA analysis. The DMTA also showed a remarkable increase in elastic modulus for the blend in the presence of 3 wt% ENR. The tensile properties and impact resistance were directly dependent on the ENR content and rubber droplet size. * Corresponding author: Tel.: +98-2164542435; Fax: +98-2166468243. E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com (A. Jalali-Arani). This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. This article has been accepted for publication and undergone full peer review but has not been through the copyediting, typesetting, pagination and proofreading process, which may lead to differences between this version and the Version of Record. Please cite this article as doi: 10.1002/pi.5727 A cc ep te d A rti cl e


This paper is concerned with the initiation mechanism of electric arcs in low-pressure gas discharge apparatus. It is demonstrated experimentally that arcs are initiated at the sites of inclusions in the surfaces of metal cathode probes exposed to a hydrogen plasma. The presence of relatively volatile extraneous contamination is also necessary, however, for arc initiation to occur under the present experimental conditions (hydrogen ion current density 10 A cm-2, cathode field 105 V cm-1). A mechanism for arc initiation involving the production of bursts of cathodic vapour is postulated, in which an essential event is the dielectric breakdown of insulating inclusions.


The crystalline transformation of vaterite into cubic calcite can be carried out under the influence of various aqueous solutions present in nature (tap water, various mineral water). It can also be performed due to heating under air or inert atmosphere. During its transformation, the vaterite can trap ions present in the aqueous medium. UVVis/NIR and EPR analyses carried out on samples recovered after reaction with different solutions of Cu 2+ and Mn 2+ show the presence of these ions in the structure of calcite after transformation. That demonstrates the capacity of vaterite to imprison metal ions during its transformation into cubic calcite. Mn 2+ EPR signals detected after reaction of vaterite with demineralized water confirms trapping efficiency of vaterite in the presence of low ions contents.


The anomalies in pressure test of non-working chamber and controlling chamber of gun recoil brake were researched by using ultrasonic test technique.The results show that the cavitation of recoil oil leads to the non-working chamber failing to offer hydraulic resistance,and the controlling chamber offers much greater hydraulic resistance than the value calculated by traditional method during counterrecoil course.In the calculation of gun counterrecoil,the master stream counterrecoil resistance-coefficient should take 0,and the branch counterrecoil resistance-coefficient should take the value 6.622 8which is about 4.4times of the master stream recoil resistance-coefficient 1.5,which is greater than the traditional recommendatory value 6.Comparison shows that the gun counterrecoil-velocity calculated by the method is closer to the measured velocity than the velocity calculated by traditional method.


The main goal of strategic recruitment and selection is about finding the best recruitment sources, hiring the best talents and keeping the organisation competitive on the job market and retain its best employees. This process helps to set and achieve the right limits. This study sought to analyze the effect of employee recruitment strategies on employee retention at Equity bank in Kenya. The general objective of this study is to analyse the effect of employee recruitment strategies on employee retention at Equity Bank, Kenya. The study adopted descriptive survey design and the target population consisted of all managers at the head office, and managers at branches (branch manager, operations manager, credit manager, customer service manager, agent manager, and relationship manager) recruited or promoted over 2 years ago, categorized according to the recruitment strategy applied, as tabulated in the sampling frame below. The questionnaire was pre-tested on a pilot respondent who are not part of the study respondents but knowledgeable in the study aspects in order to ensure their validity and relevance.  Secondary data was extracted from annual reports, publications and documentary analysis was used to gather background information by reviewing literatures relevant to the study.   Reviews of the measures used to measure the study variables were also be used to construct the questionnaire to ensure face and construct validity. The data collected was then analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used to measure the reliability of the scale, which will be used to assess the interval consistency among the research instrument items. Employee recruitment strategies were found by this study to have a positive and significant effect on the employee retention at Equity bank in Kenya. Key w ords: Employee Recruitment Strategies, Employee Retention, Equity Bank, Kenya