We conducted a high-sensitivity radio detection survey for forty narrow-line Seyfert 1 (NLS1) galaxies using very-long-baseline interferometry (VLBI) at 22 GHz through phase-referencing long-time integration and using a newly developing recorder with a data rate of 8 Gbps, which is a candidate of the next generation VLBI data recording systems for the Japanese VLBI Network. The baseline sensitivity was typically a few mJy. The observations resulted in a detection rate of 12/40 for our radio-selected NLS1 sample; 11 out of the detected 12 NLS1s showed inverted radio spectra between 1.4 and 22 GHz on the basis of the Very Large Array flux densities and the VLBI detections. These high fractions suggest that a compact radio core with a high brightness temperature is frequently associated with NLS1 nuclei. On the other hand, at least half of the sample indicated apparently steep spectra even with the limited VLBI sensitivity. Both the inverted and steep spectrum radio sources are included in the NLS1 population.


Two phosphorus-containing flame retardant (FR) were synthesized and incorporated in the backbone of polyamide 6(PA6) by polymerization. The structure and spectroscopic data of these flame retardant were determined by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Elemental analysis. Flame-retardancy and thermal property of PA6 modified with CEP, and MMP were examined by LOI and TGA. The LOI value of PA6 shows ascending trend by adding FRs, and it rise from 24 to 31%. TGA data revealed that FR improves thermal stability of PA6. The on-set temperature was added at least 20°C.


The origin of s If-determination as a decisive concept within the skeleton of global politics can be traced to the religious philosophies widespread during the Enlightenment period and were subsequently carried forward by the Jacobin group in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries as a code for worldwide consumption. Almost instantaneously it was translated into the political dominion as it had happened to become the raison d'etre of the dictum which envisioned the political and the national unit as perfectly harmonized (Koskenneimi 1994: 242). The same proved to be the bulwark and, in the strict sense of the term, the foundational pillar for the legal theory of self determination, as recognised by the United Nations and almost unanimously


In this paper, we describe a data mining method called ADOPT (Automatic Discovery of Precursors in Time series data) to identify precursors to aviation adverse events. An adverse event may refer to any unsafe event ranging from a negligible safety hazard to a catastrophic accident, depending on the scope of the analysis. A precursor is an early indicator of an increasing likelihood of the adverse event. Identifying precursors is important in the context of a proactive safety management because precursors detect the increasing severity of the underlying hazard much earlier, giving sufficient time to identify, analyze and implement corrective actions. ADOPT analyzes large volumes of historical data to find complex trends among several sensory variables simultaneously to find precursors. ADOPT's data mining approach captures real-world effects such as human factors, weather, geographic constraints, operating procedures, airline strategies etc that are difficult to capture using first-principle models. This paper describes the algorithm using two case studies including a take-off stall hazard and RNAV adherence. While the case studies are not intended to discuss the critical safety risks in aviation, they are used to demonstrate the various steps involved in ADOPT including data preparation, variable selection, parameter tuning, experiment setup and analyzing the results. The results show that ADOPT can be a powerful tool to identify and analyze performance and safety issues in Aviation.


Internal combustion engine control apparatus for controlling an internal combustion engine (1) which generates power by burning fuel, wherein the combustion engine (1) having an exhaust gas purification device (7) for purifying an exhaust gas discharged from the internal combustion engine (1) from the burning of fuel, wherein the engine control apparatus comprising: prediction means (S1, S2, S4), which predicts a state of the exhaust gas purification device (7) at the time of stopping the internal combustion engine (1) based on a relationship between a temperature of the exhaust gas and a temperature of the exhaust gas purification device (7); and a control device (S3, S5), the stopping of the internal combustion engine (1) on the basis of predicted by the prediction means (S1, S2, S4) the predicted state of the exhaust gas purification device (7) controls, characterized, in that the control means (S3, S5) the starting of the internal combustion engine (1) predicted on the basis of predicted by the prediction means (S1, S2, S4) state of the exhaust gas purification device (7) controls, wherein the control means (S3, S5) the continuation of the operation and the stoppage ...


The following papers were presented: Implementing new technology in combined transport systems (Woxenius,J and Lumsden,K); Channel concept applied on a line based freight transport system (Hultkrantz,O); Freight distribution in town centres (Kristiansson,L and Pettersson,M); Information as a value adder for the transport user (Polewa,R, Lumsden,K and Sjoestedt,K). For the covering abstract of the conference see IRRD 898878.


Transport systems rely on infrastructure, be it in the form of roads, railway lines, ports and airports. If such infrastructure is inadequate, then there is a problem of lack of accessibility and mobility. Accessibility can be defined as the extent to which a demand for transport is actually realized. The true aim of transport in the modern urban environment is to provide an efficient and effective service that is partly measured in terms of its accessibility. Inadequacy of accessibility poses critical constraints to transport service efficiency and this can potentially impact negatively on other service providers such as the health institutions.


Amelija Mazylyte (1900-1972) was the first Lithuanian woman, graduate of The Lithuanian University in Department of Mathematics and also philosophy, and a participant of the catholic women movement. She started dissemination of knowledge of the history of mathematics in the Lithuanian language. The article presents enhanced biography of Amelija Mazylyte and the work of her research interests. Special attention is given to publications about the history of arithmetic, the development of geometry and the universally known specialist of mathematics C. Gauss.


The article considers the significance and role of the Orthodox Church and religion in the historical heritage of Dostoevsky in Russia in the XIX century. Particular attention is paid to understanding the specifics of the Orthodox faith in the writer's work. The indentified scientific problem reveals the writer's connection with the spiritual nature of man, with his inner moral world, which changed in different historical epochs. The article gives a detailed analysis of the interpretation of Dostoevsky's Orthodox faith, reveals the individualism of the writer, manifested in the context of the key content of the Russian religious tradition. Understanding these features of Orthodoxy in Dostoevsky's worldview will help to supplement and generalize the notion of the Orthodox Church in Russia as an important spiritual institution in the system of modern historical knowledge. The article first disclosed that one of the obvious achievements of the present period in understanding the originality of Dostoevsky's "creativity" was the interconnection of the spiritual, moral and poetic level of the writer's work, which led to the emergence of Dostoevsky's special artistic methods. The article describes a monastic tradition in the Russian Church, which is connected with the evangelical virtue reflected in Dostoevsky's work. In addition, after studying the life of the Russian clergy shown in Dostoevsky's works, one can make personal observations of practical importance for historical science. © 2018 Published by Future Academy www.FutureAcademy.org.UK


The main concern of this paper is the text type web portal article. For the purpose of our pilot study, included were twelve articles on the championship final played between the title holders France and the host Qatar on February 1, 2015. The objective of this paper is threefold: firstly, to conduct a qualitative analysis of the articles included in the corpus in terms of macrostructure ; secondly to determine similarities and differences between the Croatian and German parts of the corpus and provide possible explanations ; thirdly, to identify other relevant aspects that should be included in a large-scale study on the text type web portal articles on Men's Handball World Championship2015.


Australian woodlands have been intensively cleared since European settlement and, in parallel, many species of birds inhabiting this habitat type have experienced a marked decline. Conversely, some species such as noisy miner Manorina melanocephala respond positively to habitat disturbance and due to their hyper‐aggressiveness can end up driving away specialized and fragmentation‐sensitive species. Recent studies have suggested that the negative impact of miners is exacerbated by means of synergistic interactions between these and other aggressive species, including nest predators. However, it is not clear if these positive associations arise through similar habitat requirements or due to potential mutual benefits ('facilitation effects'), which should predominate in harsh environments as the stress‐gradient hypothesis (SGH) predicts.Eastern Australia.We combined a multi‐season community N‐mixture model and joint species distribution models within the Hierarchical Modelling of Species Communities framework to examine species co‐occurrence patterns after accounting for imperfect detection and the influence of environmental variables. We then explored how the balance between positive and negative associations varied along an abiotic stress gradient and whether species‐to‐species associations were non‐randomly distributed with respect to species traits.No significant associations were detected; we only found tentative associations (posterior probability 85%) in a low proportion of species pairs (~4%). Although most non‐random (tentative) associations were negative, these were weaker and less consistent across models than the positive ones. Five medium‐sized species of swooping birds including the noisy miner monopolized virtually all positive associations. Communities from low‐productivity environments tended to show a lower degree of overall (community‐level) competitiveness than those located in less stressful (more productive) environments, which supports the SGH. There was no significant relationship between species trait dissimilarity and species‐to‐species association's strength.Our results suggest that aggressive species like miners, kookaburras, lorikeets, magpies and butcherbirds can form potential synergies with each other that may intensify the direct negative influence of each species on small‐sized songbirds. Since these species thrive in anthropized landscapes and have drastically increased their numbers in some regions, their associative potential should be considered in conservation actions.


This article considers the process of reproduction of the social capital as implementation of the housing activities of the proprietary associations, taking into account structural components, levels and factors which determine content and consequences of social relationship in the system of housing self-government.


Purpose: To develop 4D-cone-beam CT (CBCT) algorithm by motion modeling that extracts actual length, CT numbers level and motion amplitude of a mobile target retrospective to image reconstruction by motion modeling. Methods: The algorithm used three measurable parameters: apparent length and blurred CT number distribution of a mobile target obtained from CBCT images to determine actual length, CT-number value of the stationary target, and motion amplitude. The predictions of this algorithm were tested with mobile targets that with different well-known sizes made from tissue-equivalent gel which was inserted into a thorax phantom. The phantom moved sinusoidally in one-direction to simulate respiratory motion using eight amplitudes ranging 0–20mm. Results: Using this 4D-CBCT algorithm, three unknown parameters were extracted that include: length of the target, CT number level, speed or motion amplitude for the mobile targets retrospective to image reconstruction. The motion algorithms solved for the three unknown parameters using measurable apparent length, CT number level and gradient for a well-defined mobile target obtained from CBCT images. The motion model agreed with measured apparent lengths which were dependent on the actual target length and motion amplitude. The gradient of the CT number distribution of the mobile target is dependent on the stationarymore » CT number level, actual target length and motion amplitude. Motion frequency and phase did not affect the elongation and CT number distribution of the mobile target and could not be determined. Conclusion: A 4D-CBCT motion algorithm was developed to extract three parameters that include actual length, CT number level and motion amplitude or speed of mobile targets directly from reconstructed CBCT images without prior knowledge of the stationary target parameters. This algorithm provides alternative to 4D-CBCT without requirement to motion tracking and sorting of the images into different breathing phases which has potential applications in diagnostic CT imaging and radiotherapy.« less


Issues such as reducing pollution of the environment, power system restructuring, the complexity of transmission/distribution systems expansion and technology enhancement of distributed generators (DGs) have provided sufficient incentives to utilize them in distribution networks. Optimal voltage/reactive power management is one of the most important subjects in this new structure. This paper presents a new approach for daily Volt/Var control in distribution networks in the presence of DGs. The objective function is weighted summation of voltage deviations and related costs of electrical reactive energy generated by DGs and capacitors and also electrical energy losses of distribution systems within 24 hours of the next day. New evolutionary methods like ant colony algorithm, genetic algorithm, tabu search, differential evolution and particle swarm have been used to solve the proposed Volt/Var control problem, which the results of these methods have been compared with applying on an IEEE 34 distribution test


Researchers elicit knowledge related to expert decision-making processes to inform information technology design and related interventions. However, in healthcare, many subject matter experts have limited time for such endeavors. In addition, researchers need to analyze voluminous amounts of qualitative data. Thus, we present a data collection and validation methodology: an initial focus group followed by targeted member checking, both supported by data visualization. We ground the work in a homecare admission case study. We conducted a focus group with six homecare admitting nurses at a rural agency. Our custom visualizations of the qualitative results helped to identify potential missing information. We conducted a member checking session with five nurses to validate the focus group results and to address the missing data. The member checking results were incorporated into the custom visualizations. The data collection and validation methodology shows promise for knowledge elicitation in time-constrained situations.


Ownership costs are determined for standard, krypton watt-saver and krypton thermistor traffic signal lamps by evaluating installations at intersections in New Jersey and monitoring the burnouts. Lamps from six manufacturers for both eight and twelve-inch signal faces were included in a three year test. The lamps were further characterized by four voltage ranges, six wattage ranges, two age groups, and three filament support groups. Individual lamp traceability was maintained through lamp numbers, intersection installation sheets, and burnout sheets. The accumulated percent burnouts for the lamps are given by "Days Installed", or "Total Average On-Hours Installed", or "Total Average Cycles". With the exception of the two figures in the body of the report, all data and figures are in the twelve appendices. Ownership costs - the costs to purchase one thousand lamps and to replace the burnouts per one thousand lamps - were determined for six thousand and eight thousand total average on-hours installed.


We give necessary and sufficient conditions on a ring R and an endomorphism σ of R for the skew power series ring R[[x; σ]] to be right duo right Bézout. In particular, we prove that R[[x; σ]] is right duo right Bézout if and only if R[[x; σ]] is reduced right distributive if and only if R[[x; σ]] is right duo of weak dimension less than or equal to 1 if and only if R is א0-injective strongly regular and σ is bijective and idempotent-stabilizing, extending to skew power series rings the Brewer-Rutter-Watkins characterization of commutative Bézout power series rings.


The Multistatic TrackingWorking Group(MSTWG) was formedin2005as an inter- national teamofexperts focused on theuniquechal- lengesintheburgeoning fieldofmultistatic track- ing.Thispaper presentsresults fromthreecommon simulated datasetsprovided byMSTWG members. A Bayesiantracking methodisdescribed whichrep- resentstheposterior probability distribution as an ensembleofsamplepoints.The advantages ofthis approach are evaluated inlight ofstandardmetrics ofperformance, as measuredon thethreeaforemen- tioneddatasets.


Health misinformation, a major public health challenge, is increasingly spread through social networking sites such as WhatsApp which is popular among culturally and linguistically diverse (CALD) communities including the African migrant and refugee community, a relatively disadvantaged minority in Australia. Knowledge remains limited about how health misinformation spread occurs through WhatsApp in this community. The present study explored the mechanism of health misinformation circulation on WhatsApp, and the ways members of the African community in Southeast Queensland (SEQ) respond to it. Findings include a technological aspect of WhatsApp, especially technological affordances that facilitate health misinformation spread with features such as sharing and forwarding buttons. Also, at a user or an individual level, trust in significant others favour the reception and sharing of unverified health information to WhatsApp contacts and group members. Although WhatsApp group members, especially leaders usually set up rules to moderate content including health misinformation to primarily preserve harmony in groups, lack of or suboptimal content moderation on WhatsApp exacerbates its spread among community members whose responses vary. Responses include fear and mistrust which could confuse them and hinder acceptance and compliance to public health measures from credible sources such as governments. Therefore, it is essential that public health stakeholders acknowledge and foster information-sharing culture on WhatsApp in the African community. They should also raise awareness among community members and train them on how to deal with health misinformation. The training could focus on reducing negative individual and social influences by improving literacy and self-efficacy in detecting health misinformation and decreasing echo chamber effects. Additionally, the training could emphasise health misinformation management on WhatsApp by leveraging African community leaders' gatekeeping role and involving them in content moderation.


In 1976, President Carter declared war, or at least called the energy crisis "the moral equivalent of war". Before the end of his administration, and in the 9 years ensuing, this war has evaporated. Yet we face even more serious energy and energy-connected environmentall and economic crisis. Why has a yawn replaced high resolve, when we are ever more dependent on energy? The H-bomb is no longer ticking. The energy economics and environmeent bomb is ticking. What are the ways oout of this morass of the most serious proporations before we are overtaken by it?


The present study analyzes Balanced Scorecard (BSC) as a tool to evaluate organizational strategies. This investigation is intended to give answers to the questions relating to creation of balanced scorecard, it main performance, perspectives of balanced scorecard and envelop each of its dimensions and application field of this tool. This study is of applied type in terms of goals, and qualitative in terms of data, and it is librarian in terms of nature and kind of study. With recognizing the necessity for a performance management comprehensive system that could integrate traditional quantitative and more abstract qualitative parameters of performance, Kaplan and Norton developed the concept of Balanced Scorecard (BSC). Balanced Scorecard is a comprehensive evaluation framework of performance, which characterizes organizational strategies and through identifying the relevant operation for each of strategies and by evaluation of performance, examines the rate achieving the aforesaid strategies from 4 aspects i.e. financial perspective, customer perspective, internal processes perspective, and learning and growth perspective. Thus, this question may be raised in financial perspective: Which efforts should be made to achieve financial success? In customer perspective, this question should be answered that: How to display us before customers' vision in order to achieve organizational outlook? We should respond to this question in internal processes perspective: On which of internal processes should an organization focused further to meet shareholders and customers' satisfaction? And finally in learning and growth perspective, this question should be answered that: How can we maintain our abilities for change and development in order to realize organizational outlook? The application fields of this tool is wide and they are used in evaluation of strategy in all organizations and groups including privatization and assessment of Private Sector, educational centers, Automotive Manufacturing Industry, Transportation Organization, and banking system etc. Application of Balanced Scorecard (BSC) as a tool for evaluation of organizational strategies is a requirement in today organizations since this tool creates value- added for organization by providing balanced information for managers, preparation of ground for moving the organization toward a learner organization and reducing managers' need to types of controlling systems. Along with many advantages, of course this tool suffers from some weak points as well that could be corrected by integration of it into other tools and using their capabilities and today with respect to its distinguished characteristics, this tool widely used in organizations.


An apricot cultivar "Golden-sun" was used as an object to study the influence of fruit thinning on fruit quality and output,and economy benefits,and to determine optimal number of fruit setting with higher economic benefits.The results indication that the reasonable fruit spacing was about 5~10 cm in full fruit period ordinary garden,15~20 cm for the gardens aimed for sightseeing to meet higher fruit quality demand of tourists.


Summary In the first quarter of the 20th century, the Czech teacher J. St. Kubín collected far more than 1000 folktales of Czech countrymen, especially in the Giant Mountains. Kubín comprehended the orally passed on folktale as the genuine cultural tradition of 'unsophisticated' people. The narrator is the bearer of this tradition, which Kubín defends as autonomous and native against modernism and civic society. Different from Václav Tille, who claimed the literary written origin of folktales, Kubín emphasizes the oral tradition of the folktales. His rich collection shows the internationality of the types of the folktale.


In essence, there are three types of training within the United States Civil Service: [a] job-specific – 'technical training'; [b] that common to all federal employees – 'recurring training' - covering such topics as diversity, computer security and ethics; and [c] training specific to leadership growth.


This article reports from an empirical study of young Swedish university students' attitudes towards electronic identification (eID). Three focus groups were conducted with students, as a main targ ...


performing necessary surgery, or adjust chemotherapy doses, even though such a course of management tends to be largely misguided. One available management option is neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by a surgical treatment known as interval debulking surgery. This type of combination therapy is associated with fewer postoperative complications, thus increasing the patient's chances of receiving a full course of adjuvant treatment. The decision to begin treatment with neoadjuvant chemotherapy tends to restrict later surgical therapy; however, under certain circumstances, this therapy can be a valid therapeutic option and, in fact, facilitate surgery. Prior to initiating therapy in elderly patients, their eligibility for combination therapy must be evaluated and the geriatric assessment of their performance and condition must be considered during the course of interdisciplinary preoperative management.


To determine the true position of the mandible is one of the most important aspects of orthodontic-surgical diagnosis. It provides information about the skeletal discrepancy between the maxilla and mandible even in patients with conditions other than a normal pattern of mandibular stability. In patients with hemifacial microsomia it is diffi cult to determine the true position of the mandible, since due to their condition, they present structural alterations that hinder record taking. The purpose of this study was to assess two techniques for recording mandibular position (power centric technique and the gothic arch technique) to determine the most effective method to provide greater accuracy in the record taking process. Eight patients with hemifacial microsomia, ages between 13 and 17, four female (50%) and four male (50%) were assessed. A total of 16 semi-adjustable articulator mountings were conducted using both techniques. Changes in the overjet, vertical discrepancy and between dental midlines were monitored. The results showed that there were signifi cant sagittal, vertical and transverse differences with the gothic arch technique.


Disclosed in the utility model is a wireless control system of a livestock and poultry shed. With the system, a problem that people need to know illuminance information inside the shed in real time according to the existing shed cultivation technology can be solved. The wireless control system comprises a shed body, a central processor, and an illuminance sensor; the central processor arranged inside the shed body is provided with a GPRS communication module; and the illuminance sensor arranged inside the shed body is connected with the central processor. Besides, a sun shielding device is also arranged at the top outside the shed body and includes motors connected with the central processor, reducers connected with the motors, transmission rods connected with the reducers, and more than one group of roller shutter devices arranged at the transmission rod; and each roller shutter device includes two steering gears arranged at the transmission rods, two rotation shafts, and a shielding curtain, wherein the end portions of the two rotation shafts are connected with the steering gears and the two rotation shafts are parallel to each other, and the two ends of the shielding curtain are connected with the two transmission shafts. The wireless control system has advantages of remote control, obvious effect, and substantially reduced manpower investment and the like.


Choosing the right size reduction equipment for an application can be a lengthy process, especially as we strive to select a machine that meets technical and economical requirements. The eight steps described in this paper explain how we can speed the selection process and reduce related costs.


This is an addendum to a recent paper by Zaïmi, Bertin and Aljouiee ['On number fields without a unit primitive element', Bull. Aust. Math. Soc. 93 (2016), 420–432], giving the answer to a question asked in that paper, together with some historical connections.


Although intra‐dialytic hypertension (IDH) has been noted in clinical settings for many years, its pathogenesis remains unclear. In this cross‐sectional study, we analyzed IDH incidence in our center and the correlation between postdialysis volume state and IDH. One hundred thirty‐one maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients were enrolled in our study, and bioelectrical impedance (BIA) and echocardiography (ECG) were recorded. In addition, demographic data were collected, and laboratory examinations were conducted. The patients were grouped into four groups according to the change in systolic blood pressure (SBP) between predialysis and postdialysis. The incidence of IDH was 10.7%. The proportion of extracellular water to total body weight (ECW/TW), as evaluated by BIA, was significantly higher in the IDH group than in the other three groups both in pre‐and post‐dialysis. In particular, postdialysis SBP was highest in the highest tertile interval of ECW/TW. In addition, among the four groups, left ventricular volume (LVV) was highest in the IDH group. Binary logistic analyses revealed that predialysis SBP, postdialysis ECW/TW and LVV were independent risk factors of intradialytic hypertension. When predicting IDH, the AUC of the ROC curve was higher for ECW/TW combined with LVV (0.752, 95% CI 0.613–0.896) than for either LVV or ECW/TW alone. Our study further showed that post‐dialysis volume expansion is an important factor for the development of IDH.


Henry Nash Smith began his prize-winning 1950 work Virgin Landhy invoking de Crà ̈vecoeur's question. Smith wrote: "What is an American? asked St. John de Crà ̈vecoeur before the Revolution, and the question has been repeated by every generation from his time to ours. Poets and novelists, historians and statesmen have undertaken to answer it, but the varying national self-consciousnesses they have tried to capture always escapes final statement."1 Americans, Smith suggested in 1950, have been engaged in a continual quest of self-discovery. As a nation, we have been preoccupied with our collective identity. More recent scholarship reaffirms Smith's suspicion. Historian Thomas Hartshorne comments: "It is a commonplace that Americans are more concerned with their national identity and spend more time trying to explain themselves to themselves than people of other nations."2 Rupert Wilkinson concurs, referring to the proliferation of twentieth-century scholarship on the subject as "the social-character industry."3


Western legal systems diverge radically in their approaches to setting limits on the privilege of self-defence. Some systems incline to the view that a person defending his or another life or property may use all the force necessary to stifle an aggressive attack. Taken to the extreme, this means that if there is no other way to apprehend a thief escaping with a petty bounty, one may shoot him—if necessary, shoot to kill. In contrast to this approach, which is adverse to limits on the use of necessary force, another set of Western jurisdictions insists that the degree of force meet two desiderata: it must be both necessary and proportional to the interest protected. The requirement of proportionality or reasonableness means that there are some cases, like petty thievery, where the cost of protecting a threatened interest may be so great that one must surrender the interest rather than inflict grievous harm on the aggressor.


In the contemporary age traditional games could be a way to debate and establish a comparison of knowledge carriers to communicate methodologies of good practices adopted and experiences in the use in the protection, conservation and safeguarding of cultural heritage. Different intellectual approaches(1,2,3)defined traditional games are an expression of a country"s cultural background, beliefs and passions as well as reflect the living conditions at the time of their creation. Traditional games seem to have developed similarly through the ages in various parts of Europe even though these were distant from each other. Traditional children's games could be goal of project to incorporate elements of traditional children's (outdoor) games in the design of an intelligent, interactive playground.


Analogy was commonly used in the works of Su Shi literary master of the Song Dynasty,for his pursuit of natural beauty in aesthetics and for metaphor in poetry itself the classic and lasting rhetoric charm.Su Shi's Cis featured a unique style of creation and artistic charm——extensive and novel,that is,variety in figures of speech and the relation between tenor and vehicle,and novelty in perspective and image formation.His marvelous analogy reproduced his elegant bearing and optimistic attitude,illustrating his feeling about life and pursuit for better living.


The current media environment is uncertain: industry which is facing economic crisis and decline of advertising revenues, is urgently looking for new business models and innovative ways for attracting dispersing audiences. The aim of this article is to examine the strategies of media companies in Serbia to adapt to both technological and economic challenges in the industry. For that purpose five indicators of media adaptation were established and tested using qualitative method of in depth interviews. Interviews were done with owners or directors of media companies, because they are the actors that predetermine the course, pace and scope of media adaptation. The result of the research is the typology of media companies according to the established indicators. In this article the category of technological leaders is thoroughly analyzed and discussed. Those are seven national commercial media outlets that have good technological basis, adequate professional resources, especially multi skill and multi task journalists, foster network journalism and their owners share attitude that the role of the state in the media sector should be diminished. But, although this group of seven is coherent according to four indicators, they are differentiated by the fifth - economic position. Only two print media companies make profit, while other five only bear to survive on the market. The discussion part of the article offers the explanation for different economic positions of media outlets that otherwise share common characteristics, situated in specific socio-economic conditions of the Serbian media market interlocked with problems of transition. In the final part, based on the owners/directors business plans for the future, the main elements of scenarios for further media development are presented.


The paper established a CFD simulation model of flow field inside the net cleaning machine,which was then analyzed by using CFD software of ANSYS-FLOTRAN.The distribution of flow velocity and that of flow pressure were obtained.The results provided important references for optimizing the structure of net cleaning machine.


Empirical research in Kampala, the capital of Uganda, has identified policies that can improve the sanitation situation in slum settlements. The construction costs of latrines and land-tenure issues are the greatest challenges.


The present paper attempts to examine and analyse the extent of utilisation and the repayment of agricultural credit by the farmers in Madurai district of Tamil nadu. It was carried out with both the primary and the secondary data. Secondary data required for the present study were collected and compiled for a period of 13 years, that is, from 2000 to 2012. A well designed interview schedule was developed and used to collect the required data from 350 sample farmers selected from the study area by adopting the convenient sampling technique. The Percentage Analysis, Linear Trend Model, Semi-log Trend Model and the Factor Analysis Approach were employed to analyse the data. The results of the paper show that a large proportion of the respondents have fully and properly utilised the loan amount and the delay in getting loan was identified as the main reason for misutilisation of the loan amount. Though full and proper utilisation of the loan amount is made by a vast majority of the sample farmers, the other side of the coin presents a gloomy picture as full and prompt repayment is made by only less than 30 per cent of beneficiaries. The fall in income from agriculture is cited as the primary reason for the partial repayment made by most of the farmers. Of various factors leading to the non-repayment of the agricultural credit, exorbitant irrigational expenses, monsoon failures, crop failures, low returns for agricultural produce, and high cost of inputs are found to be the most influencing ones.


Based on briefly introducing the concept of mechanical alloying,the research progress of magnesium-nickel based hydrogen storage alloys prepared by mechanical alloying in recent years are reviewed,especially from the aspects of multi-component alloying,composite hydrogen storage alloys,and modification treatment.The development trends of Mg-Ni based hydrogen storage alloys in the future are also discussed.


Supercritical water reactor(SCWR) was proposed as a GenerationⅣconcept for building large capacity nuclear power plants.Comparing with the present GenerationⅡandⅢlight water reactors,SCWR possesses great advantages of 10%higher efficiency,simpler system design,better sustainability,and so on. However,the selection of materials for fuel cladding and reactor internals of SCWR is facing a great challenge. Corrosion in supercritical steam is of the first important issue to be solved to meet the stringent requirement of the reactor internal components.Corrosion screening tests were conducted on candidate materials for nuclear fuel cladding and reactor internals of supercritical water reactor(SCWR) in static and re-circulating autoclave at the temperatures of 550,600 and 650℃,pressure of about 25 MPa,deaerated or saturated dissolved hydrogen(STP). Nickel base alloy type Hastelloy C276,austenitic stainless steels type 304NG,AL-6XN,HR3C.NF709 and SAVE 25,ferritic/martensitic(F/M) steel type P92,P122 and 410,and oxide dispersion strengthened steel MA 956,are tested.This paper presents corrosion rate,and focuses on the formation and breakdown of corrosion oxide film,and proposes the future trend for the development of SCWR internal structure materials.


The reactivity of bissiloxydioxasilirane groups (DOSGs) formula chem., stabilized at the silica surface with respect to H 2 , CH 4 , C 2 H 6 , C 2 H 4 , and C 2 H 4 O molecules, is studied. The H 2 , CH 4 , and C 2 H 6 molecules are shown to interact with these groups with the formation of free radical centers : formula chem. + HR (R = H, CH 3 , C 2 H 5 ) → formula chem. The rate constants and activation energies are determined (the latter are equal to 39 and 18 kJ/mol, respectively) for the reactions involving methane and ethane molecules. When the low-molecular radical product R . is accepted by another surface group, the resulting free radical is stabilized. The structure of the resultant centers is identified, and a mechanism for the formation of these centers is proposed. It is established that DOSGs interact with C 2 H 4 and C 2 H 4 O molecules at a high rate (at 300 K) ; however, these reactions produce no free radical species.


The current paper has presented the study results (2015–2020) of the influence of changing weather conditions on durum winter wheat productivity and grain quality. The purpose of the study was to identify the main stress factors limiting durum winter wheat productivity under changing climate conditions and to determine the direction and issues for further breeding. The objects of the study were the varieties 'Amazonka', 'Agat Donskoy', 'Kristella', 'Lazurit', 'Oniks', 'Diona', 'Eyrena', 'Yakhont', 'Kiprida', 'Yubilyarka', 'Yantarina', 'Uslada', 'Donchanka' (a standard variety) developed by the FSBSI Agricultural Research Center "Donskoy". There have been studied the meteorological data (average daily temperatures and precipitation) through the years of study as well. On the basis of the analysis, there have been established main stress factors of these years that affected productivity, namely drought in different vegetation periods with the pre-sowing and sowing periods in August and September of 2019; the periods 'sprouts-tillering' in October, December and the periods 'tillering-stem extension' in March, April; grain filling period in 2020; atmospheric drought during the period of active vegetation in April, June of 2018; excessive moisture with rainfalls and squally winds that caused lodging, diseases, grain flowing off and discoloration in 2014–2015, 2015–2016. The agricultural year 2016–2017 was the most favorable in terms of temperature regime, precipitation and their distribution (at the level of the long-term average), with an average varietal productivity of 9.49 t/ha. Yield decrease depending on this or that stress factor (in comparison with the favorable year of 2017) was on 54.5% in 2019, 32.5% in 2020 and on 21.4 in 2015 and 27.2% in 2016. The exception was the year of 2018, when with sufficient soil moisture, productivity was on 26.3% more than in 2017. Due to the study results of winter durum wheat varieties according to their traits and properties to the indicated stress factors in 2015–2020, there have been identified the issues for each direction, the solution of which will be aimed at developing stress-resistant, resistant to lodging and diseases varieties with large stable yields and high grain quality.


There is proposed a model of scale-free random graphs which are locally close to the uncorrelated complex random networks with divergent $\langle k^2 \rangle$ studied in e.g. S. N. Dorogovtsev {\it et al}, Rev. Mod. Phys. {\bf 80}, 1275 (2008). It is shown that the Ising model on these graphs with interaction intensities of arbitrary signs with probability one is in a paramagnetic state at sufficiently high finite values of the temperature. For the same graphs, the bond percolation model with probability one is in a nonpercolative state for positive values of the percolation probability. Possible extensions are discussed.


We describe the design and initial results of an all-optical buffered 40 Gb/s packet switch. Dynamic packet forwarding is illustrated and specific attention is directed to buffering. We assess the challenges in meeting the requirements for optical buffering devices. Slow light and delay line buffering approaches are described and several recent results and issues are summarized.


At BHP-Utah Coal Ltd minesites, sonic and neutron logs are obtained in about twenty percent of exploration drill holes to identify the geotechnical properties of the overburden rocks for blast design and diggability assessment. Applications in blast design range from the simple identification of massive, high-strength rock units through to the semi-quantitative measurement of rock strength from correlation with sonic log transit time. At Goonyella Mine a bucketwheel excavator is used to remove overburden, and the overburden diggability is determined from sonic logs. The onset of hard digging conditions is identified by a sonic transit time of 150 ms/ft (equivalent to 492 ms/m), and marginal digging conditions occur at 125 ms/ft (equivalent to 410 ms/m). Direct correlation between geophysically determined digging resistance and monitored production data from the bucketwheel excavator shows that the sonic log method of digging resistance measurement is superior to more conventional geomechanical testing of rock cores.


Hie family of Bras or Brace, sprang from Robert de Brus, " a noble knight of Normandy," who served Duke William in tlie conquest of England, and became possessed of the Castle of Skelton in Cleveland, the Manor of Yarm, etc., in Yorkshire, Annandale in Scotland, and before the end of the reign of William the Conqueror, held wholly or in part no less than ninety-four lordships in the north, east, and west Ridings in the county of York, and great territories beyond the Tweed. He (or rather his son, for it seems very improbable that a warrior of Hastings should survive for seventy-five years) founded the Augustinian Priory of Gnisborough, and died in 1141. Of the two sons of Robert de Brus, the younger, Robert, received from his father Annandale and other Scotch possessions, and became progenitor of the royal family of Bruce of Scotland · whilst the elder, Adam, continued in the lordship of Skelton, and hold the English domains. From this Adam sprang three lords of the name of Peter, in regular descent and immediate succession; of whom Peter the third took to wife Hillaria, eldest daughter of Peter do Malolacu (Mauley), the royal ratification of the marriage being granted September 27th, 1236 j1 but had no issue. This last Peter de Brus was a justice-itinerant, succeeded to the family estates in 1241, on the death of his father, paying the fine for the relief of his inheritance, November 15th,2 and closed his life September 18th, 127 2,3 leaving as his coheiresses his four sisters, of whom the second, Lucy, wife of Marmaduke de Tweng, inherited the manor of Yarm.4


The eyelid is one of the most common sites for non-melanocytic skin tumors like basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma and various skin adnexal tumors. of these, squamous cell carcinoma and basal cell carcinoma comprise 90% of all the eyelid tumors worldwide. The authors present three cases, which all presented with a mass in the eyelid. Case 1-A 70-year-old female presented with mass in the upper eyelid since 9 months. Case 2-A 65-year-old female presented with an ulcero-infiltrative nodule in the upper eyelid since 5 years with gradual increase in size since 5 months. Case 3-A 50-year-old male presented with an erythematous nodule in the upper eyelid since 1 year. Results: Based on the histopathological findings, diagnosis of sebaceous cell carcinoma, basal cell carcinoma, and squamous cell carcinoma was given. Discussion: Among the eyelid tumors in India, basal cell carcinoma is the most common with almost equal incidence closely followed by squamous cell carcinoma. Of the two, basal cell carcinoma has a better prognosis and sebaceous gland carcinoma has a higher mortality and therefore should be treated much more aggressively.


It can reduce aberrations of the eye for at least one of the foci after implantation, a method of designing a single base focus and at least one multifocal ophthalmic lens with an additional focus, mathematical models: (i) at least one corneal surface a method of characterizing a, (ii) using the mathematical model, calculating the aberration of the corneal surface obtained, the wavefront arriving from an optical system comprising and (iii) a wherein said lens at least one corneal surface but to obtain aberration reduced for at least one focal point, comprising the steps of: modeling the multifocal ophthalmic lens, the. Method of selecting a multifocal intraocular lens, based on corneal data from a group of patients, method of designing a multifocal ophthalmic lens, and a multifocal ophthalmic lens is also disclosed.


Liquid-liquid flows are present in a wide range of industrial processes. Although significant amount of work has been devoted to the understanding of gas-liquid systems, the same cannot be said about liquid-liquid flow. The interest in liquid-liquid flows has recently increased mainly due to the petroleum industry, where oil and water are often transported together for long distances. The hydrodynamic stability of two-phase parallel flow has been subject of intense research over the last decades ([1], [2] and [3]). The transition from annular or stratified flow to another flow patterns is related to a wide range of practical applications, for instance in the nuclear, refrigeration and oil industries. The purpose of this paper is the experimental study of the development length and spatial growth of instabilities in stratified heavy oil-water flow. The development length is studied based on the idea that the time-averaged pressure drop should be constant between two points in the pipe line after the flow is completely developed. Hence, the pressure drop is measured between subsequent pairs of pressure taps in a sequence. It is suggested that the development length is related to the Reynolds number of the effectively less viscous phase. The other part of the work is devoted to the study of spatial development of instabilities which may cause the liquid-liquid interface to break up some diameters from the entrance of the pipe line. It depends on the development of the interfacial wave properties in space, i.e., along the pipeline. The two-phase flow is filmed at different pipe positions and the geometrical (amplitude and wavelength) and kinematic mean properties of the interfacial waves are recorded, until the stratified flow pattern breaks up into some different flow pattern. The holdup is measured by capacitive probes installed along the pipe line. All the data acquired will be useful as input parameters for simulations of the spatial transition of parallel flow patterns due to spatial growth of instabilities ([3] and [5]). The flow is modeled by the onedimensional two-fluid model [4], coupled by the Young-Laplace law. The experiments were carried out in the hydrophilic-oilphobic glass test line of 26mm i.d. and 12m length of the multiphase flow loop of the Thermal-Fluids Engineering Laboratory of the Engineering School of Sao Carlos at the University of Sao Paulo (LETeF).


Objective To explore the application effect of integration emergency rescuing mode in the rescue of mass casualties.Methods The implementation of integration emergency rescuing mode was applied to the"6·7"event batch wounded in the rescue.Then the rescuing experience of mass casualties was summarized and analyzed.Results All of the18 wounded were timely triaged and treated,the general rescue effect was satisfactory.Conclusion With timely triage and treatment for mass casualties,the integration emergency rescue mode which stressed seamlessly integrated pre-hospital and hospital ambulance contributed to improving the success rate of rescue.


Summary How does one go about doing or engaging in ethnomethodological study of local occasions? Would such study be of value for social workers, hence would it help them to understand the everyday...


Even when communication is interrupted due to an unforeseen circumstance, allow verifying the results of a process which is executed while the communication is interrupted. A medical image processing system comprises a server which further comprises a processing unit and an image generating unit. The processing unit executes an application which either carries out the generation or the editing of a medical image, based on an instruction from a client. The image generating unit receives the result of the application processing, generates an image, and distributes same to the client. The server additionally comprises a cut-off sensing unit, a window storage unit, and a window storage control unit. The cut-off sensing unit senses that communication with the client has been interrupted. Treating a timing whereat the cut-off sensing unit senses the interruption of the communication as a reference, the window storage control unit stores a window generated in a prescribed first period in the window storage unit. A window restore unit distributes the window stored in the window storage unit to the client.


A high-order flux reconstruction (FR) scheme on unstructured hexahedral grids is coupled with the localized artificial diffusivity (LAD) scheme for aiming at accurate simulation of shock-turbulence interactions. Suitable flux reconstruction procedure is derived for ensuring the global discrete conservation. We then propose a simple and efficient filter for obtaining smooth distribution of the artificial diffusivity on unstructured hexahedral meshes, which is one of the key issues for developing robust LAD method on unstructured meshes. The proposed scheme has favorable properties of sub-cell shock capturing with the length scale of Ο(h p ⁄ ) and superior high-order-accuracy preservation for smooth flows. The proposed scheme is tested on typical shock-related problems, including 1D shock tube, 1D shock-entropy wave interaction, 2D steady shock flows, and 2D shock-vortex interaction. The comparisons between the proposed scheme, a conventional finite volume method and the FR scheme with a limiter illustrate the superior performance of the proposed FR-LAD scheme for the simulation of flows involving shocks, acoustic waves, turbulence, and their interaction.


GDP is often used as an indicator of a nation's stature in the world, and it is assumed that it will strongly correlate with how happy and content a people are. The reality is different, or at least more complex. The expenditure model of GDP is the sum of the finance spent on consumption of products and services, investments by companies, government spends and the net export–import trade balance. But in spite of automation, it is the human capital that drives this and is the most valuable asset of a nation. The meaningful energy of human beings drives the energy of a nation. When their energy flags, so does their output. Hence it is vital to assess the underlying health and well-being signature of a nation and to understand the reasons why this can vary between mediocre and high levels, thereby affecting the outputs that define GDP. U.K. productivity is lower than in France and Germany. Absenteeism and presenteeism costs in the U.K. are about £100 billion per year, and much could be done to reduce this pall on productivity. According to BUPA (2015), absenteeism averages nine days per year per employee, causing a loss of £29 million in lost productivity. One in three signed-off cases of absenteeism in the U.K. is related to mental health problems, with more than five million Britons being signed off work for conditions including anxiety, according to the NHS Digital (2017) Report running to March 2017 on fit notes issued by GPs over a 28-month period. Mental health and behavioural conditions were the most common reason for being off work, making up 31% of cases. Musculoskeletal illnesses are the second biggest cause after mental health (PHE, 2017), and in 2016 resulted in 30.8 million days lost, which is about 22% of total absenteeism. One in eight people suffer from some form of musculoskeletal problem, arising mainly from limbs, back, repetitive strain injury or carpel tunnel syndrome. It is very important that the ergonomics ofworkplaces becomepart of their design. People work in buildings, including homes, and on the move. They live in homes or work in schools, factories, retail premises or offices for about 90% of the time, so the environment of these places is highly important. This was recognised in the House of Lords (Select Committee on National Policy for the Built Environment) Report HL100 Building Better Places (HMSO 2016) and the report People and Places by the Design Commission launched in March 2017 in the House of Lords by Lord Rogers. But the urban environment, whether in or outside of cities, is important too, particularly the link with nature, as recognised by several Parliamentary Office of Science and Technology (POST) notes, for example, Green Space and Health (POSTnote 538 2017). The mobility of a nation is vitally important for communication efficiency, but transport systems can often be a source of stress and there are big differences in effectiveness between rural and urban areas. Communication via the internet too can be less effective in remote areas, and this affects business efficiency as well as causes people much frustration. There are also the conditions of governance under which people live, which are dictated by government, local authorities, corporate management and personal circumstances. All these bodies can impose stress and lower the well-being of the people they are serving. The happiness of a nation is affected by many factors. The World Happiness Report (Helliwell et al., 2017 originating from the UN Sustainability Development Solutions Network) describes some of these factors as six key variables:


Numerical models have been developed to elucidate air pollution caused by sulfate aerosols (SO42–). However, typical models generally underestimate SO42–, and oxidation processes have not been validated. This study improves the modeling of SO42– formation processes using the mass-independent oxygen isotopic composition [17O-excess; Δ17O(SO42–)], which reflects pathways from sulfur dioxide (SO2) to SO42–, at the background site in Japan throughout 2015. The standard setting in the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model captured SO42– concentration, whereas Δ17O(SO42–) was underestimated, suggesting that oxidation processes were not correctly represented. The dust inline calculation improved Δ17O(SO42–) because dust-derived increases in cloud-water pH promoted acidity-driven SO42– production, but Δ17O(SO42–) was still overestimated during winter as a result. Increasing solubilities of the transition-metal ions, such as iron, which are a highly uncertain modeling parameter, decreased the overestimated Δ17O(SO42–) in winter. Thus, dust and high metal solubility are essential factors for SO42– formation in the region downstream of China. It was estimated that the remaining mismatch of Δ17O(SO42–) between the observation and model can be explained by the proposed SO42– formation mechanisms in Chinese pollution. These accurately modeled SO42– formation mechanisms validated by Δ17O(SO42–) will contribute to emission regulation strategies required for better air quality and precise climate change predictions over East Asia.


................................................................................................................................... II ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS .......................................................................................................... IV TABLE OF CONTENT ................................................................................................................. V LIST OF TABLES ..................................................................................................................... VIII LIST OF FIGURES ...................................................................................................................... IX LIST OF SIMBOLS AND ABBREVIATION ............................................................................ XII 1. OVERVIEW ............................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 OBJECTIVES ....................................................................................................................... 2 1.2 HYPOTHESES ..................................................................................................................... 2 2. LITERATURE REVIEW ........................................................................................................... 3 2.1 Emulsions and nanoemulsions .............................................................................................. 3 2.2 Emulsion stability and destabilization mechanisms .............................................................. 6 2.3 Proteins as emulsifiers ......................................................................................................... 10 2.4 Protein pre-treatment for improved emulsification ............................................................. 13 2.5 Nanoemulsions as a delivery medium for lipid bioactive ingredients ................................ 16 2.6 In vitro lipid digestion ......................................................................................................... 17 3. EFFECT OF LENTIL PROTEIN ISOLATE CONCENTRATION ON THE FORMATION, STABILITY AND RHEOLOGICAL BEHAVIOUR OF OIL-IN-WATER NANOEMULSIONS ....................................................................................................................................................... 20 3.1 Abstract ............................................................................................................................... 20 3.2 Introduction ......................................................................................................................... 21 3.3 Materials and methods ........................................................................................................ 23 3.3.1 Materials ....................................................................................................................... 23 3.3.2 Preparation of lentil protein solutions .......................................................................... 23 3.3.3 Preparation of nanoemulsions ...................................................................................... 24


This paper explores the male batterer's account of his violence based on a qualitative study of a sample of working class men, alleged batterers, conducted in Caribbean island of Trinidad demonstrating that the violence that they perform is integral to their masculine gender identity and that they take little or no responsibility for this violence. The findings are congruent with the international literature on the male account of battering which consistently reveals patterns of denial, minimization, excuses and justifications - tools through which the batterer may deny responsibility or accept limited responsibility for his violence. The paper also highlights the international and regional trends in responsibility in relation to masculinity and men's violence against known women particularly in the context of battering. In this study the complexity of the issue of responsibility in relation to local masculinities is further developed in the question of men taking responsibility for their violence against female intimate (ex)partners if not the men themselves.


Five-year higher vocational education is an important form of higher vocational education in our country with a unique advantage.However,the colleges with five-year higher vocational education are not enough at present.Further standardize the school behavior,and improve the convergence efficiency of vocational education as well as strive to be unique are the preconditions for the healthy development of five-year higher vocational education.


In the United Nations (UN) Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues (PF), indigenous political subjectivities take shape in the power relations that not only make indigenous peoples subjects but also subjugate them. This article discusses the process and the possibilities of resistance that open up for indigenous peoples within it. The approach taken acknowledges the limiting political environment of the UN for indigenous peoples, because it is a non-indigenous political system based on state sovereignty. Yet, it does not view the situation of those peoples in the PF as totally determined by the states and their dominant discourse. The theoretical framework of the article draws on the work of Michel Foucault and his conceptions on power, resistance, subjectification, technologies of domination and of the self. The power struggles in the PF, described through the complex of sovereignty, discipline and government, and the resistances within them engender paradoxical indigenous subjectivities: colonized/decolonized, victim/actor, traditional/modern, global/local. Indigenous peoples are able to engage both in resistance that is a reaction to states' exercise of power or the creative use of its tools and in indirect resistance that 'stretches' the UN system and constitutes action on its own terms.


Objectives To assess the accuracy of fetal biometry measurements in predicting birthweight and to compare serial fetal biometry measurements in women with very severe obesity and lean controls. Methods 174 very severely obese (body mass index, BMI>40kg/m2) and 55 lean (BMI<25kg/m2) women with a singleton pregnancy were recruited to a prospective longitudinal study assessing the effect of maternal obesity on pregnancy outcome. Ultrasonographic fetal biometry was measured at booking, 20, 28 and 36 weeks gestation, and gestation, gender and birthweight recorded at delivery. Estimated fetal weight (EFW) at 36 weeks was calculated using Hadlock formulae. Estimated birthweight (EBW) was calculated by adjusting EFW at 36 weeks for scan-to-delivery interval. Results Observed and expected birthweight were strongly correlated using Hadlock formulae incorporating the AC, and AC and HC in both the very severely obese (r=0.68 and r=0.65, both p<0.0001) and lean cohorts (r=0.63 and r=0.67, both p<0.001). 95% limits of agreement between estimated and actual birthweights were similar with both formulae and did not differ between lean and obese. Head circumference (HC) measurements was significantly greater in obese compared to lean women at 20 weeks gestation (p<0.05), and abdominal circumference (AC) significantly greater in obese compared to lean at 28 and 36 weeks gestation (both p<0.01). Conclusion Estimated birthweight derived from fetal biometry measurements during the late third trimester of pregnancy are as accurate in very severely obese compared to lean women. This information may inform obstetric management and delivery planning in very severely obese women, which may minimise risk and improve perinatal outcome.


Helen was 36 when she was referred on to the menopause clinic by a hospital gynaecologist. She had daytime flushes, mood changes and breast tenderness, all of which had worsened since stopping co-cyprindiol on account of migraine. She had been diagnosed with polycystic ovaries at the age of 17 and had not had a period in the six months since the last withdrawal bleed. The letter suggested that her ongoing management would be better served by the holistic approach of the menopause clinic. Helen had two children aged 15 and 10 who had been conceived spontaneously and her husband had had a vasectomy. Contraception was not a problem we needed to address. The co-cyprindiol had been used purely to manage the polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). Migraine had been occurring weekly when taking the co-cyprindiol with flashing lights but no scotoma or neurological loss to constitute aura. Its frequency had progressively increased and had worsened in the pill-free week. Since stopping, there had been no migraine, though headache had continued. Discussion revealed a further disadvantage in that Helen was increasingly having to wax her upper lip and had had electrolysis to the linea alba. Helen described her mood change as hideous being tearful, irrational and depressed. This was endorsed by her mother. To Helen this was the most troublesome of her symptoms. As she had no periods there was no premenstrual exacerbation but she could clearly identify her mood being worse at the times when both the hot flushes and breast tenderness were most pronounced. The working hypothesis was that these correlated with a degree of estrogen deficiency. Helen worked hard to maintain her BMI of 27.5 and exercised regularly; she was aware of the recommendation for a low glycaemic index diet and had already been prescribed metformin at 500 mg twice daily. Our starting tactic after much discussion was to use low-level transdermal estrogen to address the apparent estrogen deficiency symptoms with continuous cyproterone acetate (CPA) in the lowest available daily dose (25 mg – half of a 50 mg tablet). Cyproterone is structurally a progestogen with potent antiandrogen receptor activity. It is not licensed for this indication but potentially this would address both a need for endometrial opposition and the androgen excess of the PCOS. Continuous use was intended to avoid changing progestogen levels and avert bleeding. It was vital to avoid fetal exposure as the drug could prevent virilization, the vasectomy achieved this. Three months later, Helen reported having been well when using one measure of estradiol gel along with the CPA. She had no flushes and her breast tenderness disappeared. Following instruction she had increased to two measures of gel and had then developed migraine. She therefore stopped both and had a painful, heavy and prolonged withdrawal bleed. However, since then her flushes and breast tenderness had resolved and mood remained good. We wondered if she had in fact ovulated. Pragmatically she was advised to use no more than one measure of estradiol gel and then only if the mood symptoms returned. Endometrial protection would be addressed with CPA 25 mg daily for two weeks if she had not had a true period by three months. Helen used no estradiol and remained amenorrhoeic and so took the progestogen challenge. This made her mood feel premenstrual but there was no significant withdrawal bleeding and this was re-assuring. Over the next three months, Helen then had three spontaneous cyclical bleeds and needed no exogenous hormones. Time went by. Helen continued without flushes or mood problem. Breast tenderness and migraine were less of a bother, only being associated with a period. It appeared as though the original symptoms had sufficiently resolved. However, there is always a but. . .. Hirsutes and weight gain had become more of a problem despite the exercise. There were few options available but we decided to add spironolactone 100 mg for its antiandrogenic effect along with topical eflornithine cream. Spironolactone is unlicensed for this indication, but as before, detailed discussion, an informed decision and thorough documentation made this an option for specialist practice. The eflornithine irritated and was stopped, but the addition of the spironolactone does appear to have had a positive effect. Hair growth has reduced, weight has been lost, mood has remained buoyant and stable, there have been no flushes for some time and breast tenderness has been minimal and only linked to bleeding. In addition, Helen has only had two migraines. Menopause International 2011; 17: 155–156. DOI: 10.1258/mi.2011.011032


In literary production every language has its expressions, its particular turns; to translate them grammars and even dictionaries offer little recourse. And since there are no texts that do not present such idioms, Kalila wa Dimna is rich in them. So the task of the translator, already arduous, increases each time he encounters one. Especially since the Arabic language abounds in turns of phrase which, if they give it its flavor, do not fail to surprise. So how are these idiomatic constructions represented? How can we transpose images through them? And how can they give counter meaning in translation?. Key words: Literary Translation, Idiomatic Construction, Arabic, French, Misinterpretation.


Antipsychotic drugs are used to treat behavioural and psychological symptoms in dementia (BPSD), which are a core part of the syndrome of dementia, or to treat – what antipsychotics are mainly licensed for – schizophrenia or bipolar disorders with psychotic symptoms. BPSD include agitation, aggression, wandering, shouting, repeated questioning, sleep disturbance, depression and psychosis. These symptoms reduce patients' quality of life, cause great distress to caregivers and are the most common reason for institutionalisation. 1


The Hangai Dome in west-central Mongolia is an unusual high-elevation intra-continental plateau located far from tectonic plate boundaries and characterized by dispersed, low-volume, basaltic volcanism. This region is an ideal natural laboratory for studying intra-continental orogenic and magmatic processes resulting from crust-mantle interactions. The processes responsible for developing the Hangai Dome remain unexplained, due in part to a lack of high resolution geophysical data over the area.


(Introduction) The subject of this study is the dialogue that occurred in the second half of the twentieth century between Christian and Zen Buddhist academics in the United States, Japan, and Europe on God and Emptiness. This study is directed at the dialogue with the central bridge figure on the Buddhist side, the Japanese Zen philosopher Masao Abe (1915-2006). This study explores the development and the results of this dialogue and is, as such, is a history of ideas. The main question in this study is:


MeSHpancreaticoduodenectomy;pancreatic anastomotic leak; fistula of pancreas;periampullary carcinoma; jaundice complicationcarcinoma of pancreas;ABSTRACY Object To prevent pancreatic anastomotic leak by the comprehensive leakproof measures for pancre-aticoduodenectomy. Methods From December 1981 to June 2002, 128 consecutive patients underwent pancreati-coduodenectomy. 127 cases suffered from the malignant disease and one from chronic pancreatitis. The author performedthe operations and adopted the comprehensive measures to prevent pancreatic anastomotic leak. The measures were mainly


This chapter addresses issues in antitrust economics that related to the exercise of market power by a monopoly or by a dominant firm. We start by presenting the standard textbook treatments of monopoly and the dominant firm and then discuss the non-trivial issues of what constitutes a real-world monopoly (or dominant firm) and how to identify it. With that as a basis, we discuss five categories of antitrust actions that can be used to limit the exercise of market power by a monopoly or dominant firm.


Tennis is a sport that is taught at PKO FKIP UTP Surakarta. Therefore, PKO students are required to be able to do tennis properly. The research objective was to determine how much influence the part and whole learning method had on the results of the Forehand tennis hit on male students in the fifth semester of UTP Surakarta. This study used an experimental method through part and whole learning methods on the results of the Forehand tennis stroke. The research results were obtained (1). There is a difference in the effect of plyometric training and weighted on the ability of the forehand thit 3.07, while the significance level of ttable is 1.72. (2) Exercise has a better effect on improving the ability of forehand strokes in UTP Surakarta students. group 1 had an increase of 40.1%. Meanwhile, group 2 had an increase of 36.85%. Based on these results, it can be concluded that group 1 has a greater percentage of improvement in the ability of tennis forehand strokes than in group 2.


This policy defines the scope, requirements and regulations regarding The Krzysztof Krzemieniecki Award for the best case report published in Oncology in Clinical Practice (OCP). 1 The aim of the contest is to encourage submission of quality case reports related to oncological practice and to promote them in the scientific deliberations. 3 Manuscripts should be prepared in line with Authors' guidelines and should be submitted only through the manuscript system available at Journal's website:


One of the objectives of Heath Canada's (1999) Women's Health Strategy was to increase our knowledge and understanding of women's health and women's health needs.The introduction to that document acknowledges the fact that we need to pay special attention to women's social and economic circumstances and how these are linked to women's health. Researchers have taken that need seriously and we are beginning to build a solid base of knowledge on social and economic determinants as well as other determinants of women's health that have been identified (Raphael, 2004).Teams of researchers have come together to strive towards this important objective.A number of key initiatives in Atlantic Canada have contributed to the knowledge base thus far. Below, I will describe a large-scale project funded by the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council and the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council, with additional funding from the participating universities and other partners.The project was carried out under the Major Collaborative Research Initiative Program (MCRI) and one of its objectives was to increase our understanding of the social determinants of women's health in coastal communities in the province of Newfoundland and Labrador.The present research developed out of an interdisciplinary project on sustainability in coastal communities; one of the findings of that work was the gendered nature of the effects of change on people in these communities.


We discuss how the mobility of a charge moving along a conjugated polymer chain is affected by different types of disorder. The intrachain mobility has been determined by using pulse radiolysis in combination with microwave conductivity measurements. The intrachain mobility of charges on isolated planar ladder-type poly(p-phenylene) chains in solution is as high as 600 cm2/(V s). In solid samples, the intrachain mobility is only 30 cm2/(V s) due to disorder caused by interactions between different polymer chains. Interestingly, this mobility is 4 orders of magnitude higher than the DC device mobility, which is limited by charge hopping between different chains. Torsional disorder along poly(p-phenylene vinylene) chains limits the intrachain mobility to 60 cm2/(V s), while in polyfluorenes, coiling of the chains strongly reduces the mobility. The results imply that higher charge mobilities can be realized in devices if the polymer chains directly interconnect the electrodes and adopt a straight, planar str...


There is an error in the funding statement. Please refer to the correct funding statement below. The authors received funding for this study from the following sources. Grant number:Lu Cai Jiao Zhi (2013) 171;URL: http://www. sdcz.gov.cn/; Funding institution: Shandong Province Finance Bureau; Authors that received the funding: HZ; Grant number:81400573; URL: http://www.nsfc.gov.cn/; Funding institution: National Natural Science Foundation of China; Authors that received the funding: WG; Grant number:61471384; URL: http://www.nsfc.gov.cn/; Funding institution: National Natural Science Foundation of China; Authors that received the funding: WG.


ABSTRACT Use of technology significantly impacts the nature of judicial work. While audio-visual ("AV") links may generate some efficiencies, the increasing use of this technology conflicts with other important developments, notably procedural justice and therapeutic jurisprudence, which recognise and valorise the interactive nature of judicial work, especially sentencing in criminal cases. Analysing judicial perceptions of AV use in courts creates a clearer picture of its benefits and disadvantages, particularly in light of expectations of direct personal engagement.


Proximal to distal Y stenting technique is a modified bifurcation technique based on the original Y stenting technique described over 20 years ago. We use a bench top model to illustrate the steps of the technique, which can provide both provisional and full coverage options, using radial artery access. This technique may be applied in clinical settings on a wide range of bifurcation anatomies with a number of unique advantages.


DEK protein is an abundant chromatin protein in metazoans with highly conserved nuclear factor. This protein is a unique member of its family and is preferentially expressed in actively proliferating and malignant cells. Recently, much attention has been paid to the role of DEK protein in the development of various cancers, which was originally discovered in a subset of acute my- elogenous leukemia. Oncogene DEK is overexpressed in several malignancies including hepatocellular carcinoma, glioblastoma, retino- blastoma, bladder cancer, malignant melanoma, and cervical cancer. Oncogene DEK is a chromatin remodeling protein that supports cancer cell proliferation and invasion. In this review, we summarized research advancements in the correlation between DEK protein and oncogenesis.


Contemporary Middle East feminist scholarship, Deniz Kandiyoti gender, discourse and ideology in Iranian studies, Joanna de Groot feminism and Islam in Iran, Parvin Paidar gender relations and inheritance, Annelies Moors engendering political conflict and identity in early Jewish and Palestinian nationalisms, Sheila Katz gender and the Israeli-Palestinian accord, Simona Sharoni women's writing in Egypt, Hoda el-Sadda researching gender in a Palestinian camp, Rosemary Sayigh.


The antioxidant potential of chum salmon spermary tissue was evaluated using a sardine triacylglycerol emulsion system. Intact and high-molecular weight water-soluble fractions of spermary tissue were found to accelerate both autoxidation and iron/ascorbate-catalyzed oxidation. The low-molecular weight (LMW) fraction inhibited autoxidation and oxidation catalyzed by iron/ascorbate and 2,2'-azobis(2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride (AAPH). Inhibition of iron/ascorbate-catalyzed oxidation by the LMW fraction decreased with decreasing pH until no activity was observed at pH ≤6.4. Activity of the LMW fraction was not strongly influenced by pH (5.0−7.0) in the presence of AAPH. Antioxidants in the LMW fraction, including spermine, putrescine, hypoxanthine, xanthine, and glutathione, both alone and in combination, exhibited less antioxidant activity than the LMW fraction, indicating that other unidentified antioxidants were present. Keywords: Antioxidants; lipid oxidation; polyamines; fish oil; seafood


The hydrogen permeation behavior of X52 pipeline steel was investigated under the conditions of different acidic gases,solution pH values and temperatures by using the classical Devnathan-Stachurski electrochemical permeation cell.The results show that the steady state hydrogen permeation current density in solutions with dissolved acid gases decreases in the order of H2 S,H2S/CO2 and CO2,but the hydrogen diffusion coefficient remains unchanged.With the increase of pH value,the hydrogen permeation current density increases first and then decreases,but the hydrogen diffusion coefficient is not clearly changed.When the temperature of solution rises,the hydrogen permeation current density increases and the diffusible hydrogen concentration exhibits a tendency of decrease followed by increase.The relationship between hydrogen diffusion coefficient and temperature conforms with the Arrhenius equation.


The utility model relates to a multiple-layer co-extruding spiral mold , which is characterized in that a plurality of inner flow channels is arranged on the tail die sleeve, and a multi-layer spiral body is arranged in a framework of the mold; the outer wall of the multi-layer spiral body is provided with a spiral channel and an axial material flow channel. The spiral channel is gradually narrowed from the input end to the output end. The axial material flow channel is gradually enlarged from the input end to the output end. The output end of the spiral channel and the output end of the axial material flow channel are communicated to the material discharge channel. The output end of the spiral channel and the output end of the axial material flow channel are communicated to one of these openings. The utility model has the advantages of that the material flow movement is transferred from a spiral movement to a linear movement to evenly disturb two melt material currents on the circumference of the solution, and the product molded by the mold has no current mark thereon, and the solution has little mechanical stress and thermal stress, small pressure dissipation, and increased resisting force of the material flow to make compact product and stabilize material flow and eliminate the combined line mark.


The method of matched asymptotic expansions is used to obtain simple analytical expressions for the time-dependent effectiveness factor of variously shaped porous catalyst particles undergoing slow first-order self-poisoning at large Thiele modulus. These asymptotic solutions are barely distinguishable from their exact numerical counterparts for Thiele moduli above 100. The position of the activity wave as a function of time is given by compact analytical expressions and the structure of the wave front and the way in which it is formed are described in detail.


This is an output from the FP7 Regions of Knowledge project THE-ISSUE. This project is developing an EU network in the field of Intelligent Transport Systems that deliver on multiple policy objectives, Transport Health & the Environment. More can be found at www.theissue.eu


By using Mawhin continuation theorem and some analysis skills,we obtain some sufficient conditions for the existence of periodic solutions for a fourth-order p-Laplacian differential equation with a deviating argument of the form: [φp(u″(t))]″+f(t,u(t))+g(t,u(t-τ(t)))=e(t)


This study was to developed to create a CD-ROM and an educational program for the prevention of sexual harassment and violence and to contribute to the perception and add to the coping of the victims of sexual harassment and violence as well as the child, parents, and teachers. Method: The study's m...


As part of the fundamental rights category, the right to health is enshrined in the Constitution and regulated by various special laws. To avoid inconsistencies and omissions, we consider it necessary to systematize and codify medical legislation. Taking as a basis the ethical values, the constitutional rules and principles, the medical legislation provides the legal framework for the protection of health, for raising quality standards in ensuring the public health. In response to the demands of the welfare state, health legislation is based and developed in consideration of the principles on privacy, social solidarity, social protection and equality.


We conducted a population‐based study of peripheral lymphomas (PL) that had been diagnosed between 1997 and 2003 in the province of Modena, Italy, with the aim of providing updated incidence, clinical and survival data for these cancers. We evaluated the incidence patterns and time trends of 1582 cases of PL that had been reclassified according to the WHO classification of hematological malignancies. Data regarding clinical characteristics, treatment and outcome were also collected for each case. The World Age‐Standardized Rate (ASR) was calculated as 13.4, 2.2 and 3.4 per 100,000 people for B‐cell non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL), T‐cell NHL and Hodgkin's Lymphoma (HL), respectively, with an increase of 1.62% per year during the study period. The lymphoma subtype showing the highest incidence was found to be diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL) with an ASR of 4.8. Compared with reports from other western countries, our series is characterized by a higher incidence of HL and indolent B‐NHL in general, and of CLL/SLL (ASR = 3.3) and marginal zone NHL (ASR = 1.5), in particular, and also by a lower incidence of FL (ASR = 2). After a median follow‐up of 54 months, the 5‐year relative survival for the whole series was found to be 70% with a statistically significant improvement for cases diagnosed during 2002–2003 (from 66 to 74%; p = 0.03). Survival improvement within the study period was also evident for patients with DLBCL, HL and T‐NHL. Our study provides a comprehensive description of both the epidemiological and clinical features of PL cases in Modena and our data also reflect the major advances in the curability of some histological subtypes of this disease. The usefulness of a population‐based approach to better characterizing different lymphoma subtypes is also demonstrated. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


As landscape of the fanning and fishing community has large potential value, it is an important factor in regional revitalization. Rut landscape resource has been scvcrc1y damaged due to insufficient standard for management of rural landscape, administrative service and such requires development of a comprehensive landscape building plan. This study used topographic spatial data to analyze the region`s landscape condition and potential, topographic spatial analysis of elevation and slope, and plane` line` point landscape design. Rational and systematic landscape plan contributing to the progress of the region was developed as a result.


We propose a multi-asset model to study how attention allocation affects investment performance. Our model predicts that when investors allocate more attention to the stock market, they have better investment performance. This attention effect is stronger among high-beta stocks. Using rainy days as exogenous attention shocks and a nationwide trading dataset at the brokerage-branch level, we first show that retail investors pay more attention to the stock market on rainy days. Consistent with the model predictions, we find that retail investors have better trading performance on rainy days, especially for high-beta stocks. We also find lower return co-movement and stronger market reactions to earnings announcements on rainy days.


Using digital optimal given guide tache and digital feed-back unit in double close-loop system. It can optimize performance of the system, especially its stability. And these are proved by simulation .


M O OORE (i9z6, I93z) has advanced the hypothesis that the scrotum plays an important r6le in facilitating the maintenance of a temperature optimum for the production of spermatozoa. This hypothesis he has sought to substantiate by evidence of an experimental nature. He has shown in a variety of mammals that if the temperature of the testes is raised a few degrees, either by applying heat to them or by dislocating them into the inguinal canal or body cavity, spermatogenesis is interfered with or finally completely stopped. Recently Moore's observations have been confirmed and extended by the experimental work of Knaus (I93z, a, b). In view of Moore's observations, it lies close at hand to inquire as to whether in mammals there is a correlation between the body temperature of a given species and the fact that the testes may be located either intraabdominally or extraabdominally. I thought it might be of interest in this connection to collect some of the widely scattered data on mammalian temperatures. It turns out that records for many orders of mammals are either absent or exceedingly fragmentary. Moreover, in view of the fact that some groups of mammals have an exceedingly unstable temperature regulation, the difficulty enters in of properly comparing their temperatures with those of the more stable groups. Some animals are, furthermore, subject to daily rhythms of slight range, whilst others are of wide range, and still others may show no discernible constant daily variation. Moreover, the peak of the daily curve may be diurnal or nocturnal, depending on the waking and sleeping states of the animal. In addition there is a large group of animals in which there are seasonal variations in temperature related apparently to a period of hibernation or torpor. Finally there are mammals which, although they do not hibernate, lead a sluggish existence, which fact may have a bearing upon the body temperature. A delicate heat regulating center in the brain is believed to have developed in those animals whose body temperature remains fairly constant. Thus mammals 385


The susceptibility of medial and neointimal arterial smooth muscle cells (SMCs) to acute cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection was investigated in immunocompetent and immunocompromised rats. The left common carotid artery of all the rats was injured by balloon catheterization. On days 14 and 17 after injury, rats were either intravenously infected with a rat CMV (RCMV) or mock-infected. Active RCMV infection was shown in the neointima of the injured arteries of immunosuppressed rats, characterized by specific cytopathological changes in hematoxylin-eosin-stained sections and by the presence of early viral antigens and the presence of the virus at different stages of maturation at the electron-microscopic level. Viral genome was shown as well by use of in situ hybridization procedures. However, medial cells were hardly ever infected, and RCMV did not infect neointimal parts that were recovered by endothelial cells. No infection was seen in ytomegalovirus (CMV) is a ubiquitous agent and a common cause of infection in humans. Although the vast majority of infections is asymptomatic, the virus may incite serious, often life-threatening disease in immunocompromised patients.1 Like other herpesviruses, CMV may establish latent or persistent infection and reside lifelong in the infected patient, although the site of latency is not clear. Much emphasis has been laid on an association of herpesviruses with atherogenesis. Fabricant and colleagues2-4 described avian herpesvirus-induced atherosclerotic changes in chickens, similar to the lesions found in humans. Since then, CMV, in particular, has been found repeatedly in human arterial tissue, predominantly derived from patients suffering from atherosclerosis. The presence of CMV antigens5 and DNA6 has been described in cultures of smooth muscle cells (SMCs) derived from arterial tissue that had been surgically removed from patients with advanced arterial disease. Furthermore, CMV antigens and genome were found in coronary arteries and aortas of trauma victims, predominantly in focal intimal areas showing early or advanced atheromatous changes.7 More recently, CMV Received September 29, 1993; accepted April 7, 1994. From the Departments of Medical Microbiology (M.CJ.P., J.H.B., C.A.B.) and Pathology (M.J.A.P.D.), Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Limburg, Maastricht, The Netherlands. Correspondence to M.C.J. Persoons, Department of Medical Microbiology, Academic Hospital Maastricht, PO Box 5800, 6202 AZ, Maastricht, The Netherlands. C 1994 American Heart Association, Inc. control right carotid arteries or in the injured arteries of immunocompetent rats. Acute intimal RCMV infection was accompanied by infiltration of inflammatory cells, predominantly mononuclear cells that stained positive with an ED-1 monoclonal antibody. The majority of infected neointimal cells were SMCs containing smooth muscle actin. No changes were found in medial or neointimal cross-sectional areas of the infected arteries. In the present study, an active RCMV infection of arterial SMCs was established in vivo, and it was concluded that neointimal SMCs are far more susceptible than are medial SMCs and that the absence of endothelium and immunosuppression are necessary conditions for arterial RCMV infection. (Circ Res. 1994;75:214-220.)


Following the legalization of abortion in the United States, scholars have studied its impact on a wide variety of factors including women's educational choices and labor force decisions, abortion rates, and most controversially, crime. Economists have also investigated the determinants of state abortion restrictions, exploring the importance of demographic characteristics, locational availability, and the strength of advocacy groups. Notably absent from the existing literature is an examination of the impact of legalized abortion and the restrictions of its use on the decision to use oral contraceptives. Earlier work established that states with more lenient laws regarding access to contraceptive services by minors have greater pill use, but the impact of the legal framework surrounding abortion restrictions remains unexamined. Using a linear regression model to analyze three cycles of the National Survey on Family Growth (NSFG) data we analyze the possibility that variation in state abortion availability, proxied by legislation restricting a woman's reproductive rights, may generate variation in the use of birth control pills. It is reasonable to expect that without the option of terminating a pregnancy (or in states where the cost of doing so is higher), that oral contraceptives would be more widely utilized. Our findings reveal that restrictions on abortion funding have a significant and positive impact on a woman's decision to use the pill. These results indicate that women are forward thinking when making their contraceptive decisions, at least relative to abortion legislation, which suggests that there are important policy implications for increasing health outcomes.


A total of 19 tsunamis generated by earthquakes occurred in the Sumatra region in the period from 1770 to 2005. About 84% of the tsunamigenic earthquakes have magnitude M s > 6.0 and about 86% of them have focal depth less than 100 km. This characteristic is comparable with the characteristics of tsunamigenic earthquakes in the Pacific region. The empirical relationship between tsunami intensity Ion Soloview-Imamura scale and the earthquake magnitude M, can be written as / = 0.80M s - 4.18. The tsunamigenic earthquakes in the Sumatra region tend to generate larger tsunami than the ones in the Pacific region where the relationship can be written as I = 1.22M s - 8.89. A numerical tsunami simulation was performed to model the 26 December 2004 Aceh tsunami by utilizing a method developed by the Tohoku University. In general, the calculated tsunami arrival times were comparable with the observed or reported ones, while the calculated tsunami heights were smaller than the observed ones. Judging from the root-mean-square error values at Sibolga and Belawan tide gauge stations it can be noted that the amplitude of the time series of the calculated tsunami heights were quite different compared to the observed ones. However, their coefficient correlation values were relatively high which may indicate that the shape of the two time series of the calculated tsunami heights were comparable with the observed ones.