Abstract : This thesis focuses on the facts the government must prove a defendant knew in order to convict him of a knowing violation under section 13 19(c)(2) of the Clean Water Act. The thesis begins with introductory comments and then discusses the status of this issue as reflected in the divergent opinions in the Courts of Appeals and how the issue has been affected by subsequent cases, and closes with a recommendation for how courts should decide this issue. The thesis focuses on five decisions by the federal Courts of Appeals cases that have ruled on the issue of what the government must prove that a person knew in order to convict someone of a knowing violation. There is a split of opinion in the federal circuit courts with the Second, Eighth and Ninth Circuit Courts of Appeals deciding the cases in favor of the prosecution, and the Fourth and Fifth Circuits ruling in favor of the defense. The Fourth and Fifth Circuits have ruled that the government must prove that a person knew that he did not have a permit to discharge pollutants into waters of the United States; whereas the Second, Eighth and Ninth Circuits have not required proof that a defendant knew his actions violated his permit to discharge pollutants. The thesis concludes that courts should not require proof that a person knew that he did not have a permit to discharge pollutants into the waters of the United States. Criminal sanctions should be imposed on an individual who knowingly engages in conduct that results in a permit violation regardless of whether the polluter knows about the requirements of the permit or even the existence of the permit.


Spectral non-reciprocity, previously proposed and recently demonstrated in volumetric anisotropic crystals, is experimentally demonstrated using a simple printed transmission line set-up. Specifically, wave propagation in otherwise volumetric magnetic photonic crystals is emulated via a pair of partially coupled microstrip transmission lines printed on a ferromagnetic substrate. Directional asymmetry of wave propagation within the 1D periodic medium is validated by computing the K-ω diagram from measured S-parameters. Measurements are carried out using 8- and 9-unit-cell structures to suppress undesired finite size effects. For the first time, spectral non-reciprocity and the frozen mode behavior is clearly observed in the measured data. Additionally, the unidirectionality of the transmission medium is verified by the observed contrast between the forward and backward transmittances (75%) on the 9-unit-cell structure.


Different control schemes PWM voltage and current mode control as well as hysteretic control are discussed in terms of load transient response. A hysteretic mode controller circuit will be shown and compared to a voltage mode PWM controller circuit. Measurement results from these circuits complement the paper.


Multiple input multiple output communication systems offer significant advantages, but only if the receiver has an accurate estimate of the channel state information (CSI). To obtain a CSI estimate, the transmitter must stop sending data, and instead send a training sequence. To maximize throughput, the time spent sending training data should be minimized. This paper describes a method which allows the receiver to track the accuracy of its CSI estimate, so that it can request new training data only when necessary. INTRODUCTION Multiple input multiple output (MIMO) systems use many transmit and receiving antennas to increase the reliability and/or throughput of digital communication systems. These improvements require with no increase in bandwidth, and the systems use conventional modulation formats for each transmitter and receiver. However to realize these gains, the receiver must measure the channel state information (CSI). The CSI represents the gain, and phase shift, between each of the transmitting antennas, and each of the receiving antennas. It is typically necessary to send a training sequence of known data, for the receiver to estimate the CSI. While this is necessary, it reduces the amount of time available to send data, and hence the throughput of the system. In slowly varying channels, the training sequence should be sent infrequently, while in rapidly varying conditions one may need to send almost as much training information as useful data. One of the challenges of MIMO system design is deciding how often the training data must be sent. Many times one will wish to make this adaptive, to allow the systems to work well in a wide variety of channels. This paper investigates a technique which will allow a receiver to measure how far the current CSI varies from the most recent CSI estimate generated by the receiver. In systems with 2-way communication, this information can be relayed back to the transmitter, to let it know how often training sequences will need to be sent.


Temporary urbanism practices are forms of appropriation of the public space by the citizens. They can be a powerful engine for urban regeneration and social innovation, empowering local communities to take ownership of urban spaces, promoting positive urban change. In particular, the collective creation of temporary art installations in public spaces can foster a sense of belonging and define new forms of civic participation, including unrepresented voices, and re-activate the public realm. The portfolio narrates the development of the "Co-Creation of Temporary Interventions in Public Space as a Tool for Community Resilience" (University of Portsmouth) project, which promotes and develops a series of tactical, small-sized, co-created, temporary interventions in public spaces, bringing together various local actors and underrepresented groups. Temporary urbanism initiatives can be very powerful tools; while the change they bring may be small at first and incremental, the varied ways in which such initiatives affect the city and its citizens lead to an extremely meaningful and long-term impact.


To ensure the orientation of small spacecraft, compact magnetic coils based on a printed circuit board are used. In this paper, we propose a method for calculating the geometry of such coils based on the available space on a printed circuit board, as well as a method for calculating the parameters of the resulting coils. Examples of calculations are given and it is shown that the use of complex geometry can give a significant increase in the magnetic moment in comparison with round coils on the same printed circuit board.


The problem of estimating symmetric probability density with high kurtosis is considered. Such densities are often estimated poorly by a global bandwidth kernel estimation since good estimation of the peak of the distribution leads to unsatisfactory estimation of the tails and vice versa. In this paper, we propose a transformation technique before using a global bandwidth kernel estimator. Performance of density estimator based on proposed transformation is investigated through simulation study. It is observed that our method offers a substantial improvement for the densities with high kurtosis. However, its performance is a little worse than that of ordinary kernel estimator in the situation where the kurtosis is not high.


Catalytic cracking of hydrocarbon fuels is an effective way to cool aircraft materials under hypersonic flight. Pseudohomogeneous catalysis is an alternative to overcome the problems of traditional catalyst coatings. Herein, we employed the Brust–Schiffrin method to synthesize Pt and Pd nanoparticles (NPs) using oleylamine as the protecting ligand. The particle size can be controlled by tuning the ratio of protecting ligand, and uniform NPs can be obtained at an oleylamine/NP molar ratio of 2, with Pt and Pd NPs of 1–3 and 2–5 nm, respectively. IR and TG characterizations confirmed that the amine group of oleylamine is chelated on the metal surface whereas the hydrophobic carbon chain is exposed in the hydrocarbon fuel. As a result, the NPs are highly dispersible in jet fuel JP-10 without any precipitation after standing 12 months, providing the possibility of pseudohomogeneous catalysis. Suspensions containing Pt and Pd NPs (50 ppm) exhibited markedly enhanced cracking performance, with cracking conversi...


To achieve the processing program and simulation verification on NC Woodworking Curve Band Saw (WCBS) that facilitates the industrialization and practicality of the woodworking machinery, the articles proposes the CAM system modules by the analysis of its composition structure and working principle of the machine and the building-up of its kinematics model. The article also explains the basic functions for each module and develops the CAM systems of MJS1325 WCBS with the use of VC++ and OpenGL. Reading and analyzing the CAD work piece graphics files, the CAM systems is able to generate the NC program and realize the simulation of machining in whole visual process environment including saws, fixtures, belt saw and work piece, etc. The CAM systems pass the prototype test and see a favorable effect.


Correspondence to: Kenneth Hing-Sum Tsui Abstract: Shoulder impingement syndrome is common in clinical practice. Knowledge of basic anatomy of the shoulder and mechanism of the disease process is essential for management. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug has only very limited evidence of effectiveness. Subacromial steroid injection has some evidence of effectiveness but the optimal type of steroid, dosage, frequency and timing of injection is still unclear. Structured and supervised exercise programs have been shown to offer long-term benefit. Weight pendulum exercise and other simple exercises could be recommended to patients in the clinic setting. Orthopedic surgery is indicated for refractory cases of shoulder impingement syndrome.


Patents are the protected form of innovations and the currency of a knowledge-based economy. This article is an outcome of the analysis of working of patents data, which were published on the Indian Patent Office (IPO) website during 2012 and 2013, and continuously updated thereafter. For an overview of working of patents in India, an aggregate of 64 companies and/or organizations were selected for this study. The results of the analysis revealed that Qualcomm, an American multinational semiconductor and telecommunications equipment company, topped the list with 1113 granted patents at IPO, followed by Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (1085), Hindustan Unilever (773), Samsung Electronics (705), and Philips (352). The objective of this study was to determine the workability of patents in India, and the results indicated that all the seven patents granted to Indofil (an Indian company which manufacturers agricultural, specialty and performance chemicals) were in working conditions, which apparently signified that the firm had effectively transferred the innovations for production and for the end-user. Qualcomm (99.82%), CIPLA (89.06%), Glenmark (87.50%), Kirloskar (84.62%), and Indian Space Research Organization (83.67%) were also reported to adopt progressive efforts towards workability of their patents at the IPO. The patent portfolio of these companies/organizations at different patent filing offices (PFOs) showed that Panasonic Inc. led by filing 593,674 applications, followed by Samsung Electronics (271,195), Sony (203,609), LG Electronics (173,415), and General Electric (137,207). The subject domain of patent applications emphasized that the highest patent applications were filed by the communication technology group (1,679,302), followed by agri-based research companies (251,185), motor companies (148,446), engineering solution companies (96,722), and pharmaceutical companies (63,935). IPO was preferred as an important PFO by different national and international companies for filing their innovations. The results of this study provide an opportunity for the inventors, market players, researchers and consumers to know about the innovations which are lying in the PFOs and dying with their discretion.


The purpose of this note is to correct the errors and to generalize some theorems in Gentry K R(Some properties of the induced map,Fundamenta Mathematicae 66(1969) 55-59).It gives a sufficient condition for a mapping from a inverse system to another inverse system being limit-exact.


The star graph has a smaller degree and diameter than the well-known n-cube, and can be an alternative to the n-cube for systems with a large number of nodes [2]. In our previous work [11], three different indirect star-type networks were obtained from the star graph: the indirect star network I, the indirect star network II, and the star-delta network. However, the indirect star networks I & II are constructed from large switches, and do not perform as well as the indirect cube-type networks of comparable switch sizes. Also, they are not modular. The star-delta network is modular, but it employs varying switch sizes for different switching stages, and has a lower performance than the indirect cube-type networks based on comparable switch sizes. Moreover, the switch sizes for all three indirect star networks grow with the network size.

In this work, a new indirect star network, called the μ-star network, is proposed. Being modular and constructed from (2 × 2) crossbar switches, the new network is an improvement over previously proposed indirect star-type networks. The μ-star network is analyzed for its performance and the analytic results are verified through simulations. © 1993 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.


Data on the daily activity of private cars form the basis of many studies in the field of transportation engineering. In the past, in order to obtain such data, a large number of collection techniques based on travel diaries and driver interviews were used. Telematics applied to vehicles and to a broad range of economic activities has opened up new opportunities for transportation engineers, allowing a significant increase in the volume and detail level of data collected. One of the options for obtaining information on the daily activity of private cars now consists of processing data from automated vehicle monitoring (AVM). Therefore, in this context, and in order to explore the opportunity offered by telematics, this paper presents a methodology for obtaining origin–destination flows through basic info extracted from AVM/floating car data (FCD). Then, the benefits of such a procedure are evaluated through its implementation in a real test case, i.e., the Veneto region in northern Italy where full-day AVM/FCD data were available with about 30,000 vehicles surveyed and more than 388,000 trips identified. Then, the goodness of the proposed methodology for O-D flow estimation is validated through assignment to the road network and comparison with traffic count data. Taking into account aspects of vehicle-sampling observations, this paper also points out issues related to sample representativeness, both in terms of daily activities and spatial coverage. A preliminary descriptive analysis of the O-D flows was carried out, and the analysis of the revealed trip patterns is presented.


FSW (friction stir welding) is a solid state joining technique winch Is use for similar and dissimilar alloys which has been used in defence, aerospace, marine and industires. The AA2024 is a heat treatable alluminum alloy finds wide application in defence and Aerospace due to its high strength to weight ratio. The rotational speed, traverse speed and different tool pin profiles as taper square, taper pentagon, taper hexagon are the parameters taken into consideration to weld 6.4mm of AA2024 thick plate by using AISI H13tool. The tensile strength, yield strength, % of elongation is carried out to know the effect of process parameters on the weld joints, and taguchi method is used to analyse the obtained values. The better value is obtained at rotaional speed 1000rpm, traverse speed 30mm/min. Taguchi method is used to minimize the number of experiments, time and cost.


This report provides an overview of U.S. sanctions imposed against Russia for aggression against Ukraine, election interference, malicious cyber activity, human rights violations, weapons proliferation, and other activities.


In so-called " pure lipoid nephrosis " in children the urea clearance is frequently elevated markedly above the normal level. There also may be elevated urea clearances in some children with hemorrhagic Bright's disease with a decided nephrotic component. The nature of this paradox of renal hyperfunction in the presence of renal involvement is not entirely clear, and the present work was undertaken in an attempt to elucidate the r6le of the diet in this phenomenon. The influence of the protein intake on the urea clearance has been studied in adults, but not in children. Cope (1) observed that in adult patients with nephritis, who had a normal or nearly normal clearance, there was a depression of the clearance when the protein intake was lowered from the moderate level of 75 grams per day to 40 grams. He found, however, that there was no increase in the clearance when the protein intake was raised from 75 to 125 grams. In adult patients with chronic renal disease sufficiently advanced to depress the urea clearance consistently below 50 per cent of normal, the effect of lowering the dietary protein was relatively slight. In such patients the urea clearance on 40 grams of protein per day remained about 90 per cent of the clearance on 75 grams. In 1934, Goldring, Razinsky, Greenblatt and Cohen (2) extended Cope's observations to normal men, and came to the same conclusions regarding normal men that Cope arrived at in regard to the patients with unimpaired ability to excrete urea. In Goldring's observations the diet was varied within somewhat greater limits. On the low diet there was observed an average reduction of the clearance of 23 per cent. High protein intakes caused no elevation above the usual normal clearance, even when the protein intake was pushed up to 280 grams per day. In the present study we have extended to ne-


The present study depicts synthesis of a series of some novel 5-(5-(aryl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)-3,4-dihydro-6-methyl-4-styrylpyrimidin-2(1H)-one derivatives. All the newly synthesized compounds were characterized by FTIR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, mass spectrometry, and elemental analysis. The compounds were evaluated for their in vivo anti-inflammatory activity by the carrageenan-induced rat paw edema method. The compounds were also screened for their anthelmintic activity on Indian earthworms and antibacterial activity against some gram positive and gram negative strains of bacteria. This pharmacological activity evaluation revealed that, among all the compounds screened, compounds and were found to have promising anti-inflammatory activity. Interestingly, compounds , , and exhibited appreciable anthelmintic property, while compounds , , and showed leading antibacterial activity against the selected pathogenic strains of bacteria.


A Lactobacillus was isolated from three days chicken's intestinal tract.Then,the 16S rRNA gene was amplified and analyzed by PCR method,and the PCR product was cloned and sequenced.A sequence of 1340 base pair(bp) was obtained from the bacterium,and it was published on the GenBank,the location is EU290749.The sequence homology and evolution relationship between the isolated bacterium and other Lactobacillus were analyzed,its sequence homology was 99.6% with the Lactobacillus johnsonii(AB295648) that was published on the GenBank.The isolated bacterium was identified as chicken Lactobacillus johnsonii,it was named HN/0711.


In this study, we analyzed the relationship between social support cognition types and family resource management. Participants were 501 migrant workers in Suzhou, China. The results indicated that: (a) migrant workers with different social support cognition types reported significant differences in their family resource management, (b) migrant workers with different demographic variables reported significant differences in their social support cognition types, and (c) certain demographic variables and social support cognition Type II significantly predicted family resource management.


The right to privacy is now being accepted worldwide as one of independent civil rights——personal right. People抯 desire for tranquility of inner heart and living environment demands legal protection of the right to privacy. This paper first studies several essential issues on privacy and the right to privacy, then makes some thoughts on protection of the right to privacy from the perspective of criminal law by analyzing related stipulations of criminal law. It makes some senses both in theory and in practice.


«The Martyrdom of Bishop Fructuosus and his Deacons, Augurius and Eulogius» (3rd century) is the source of both the hymn dedicated to these saints in Prudentius's «Peristephanon» and St. Augustine's sermon for their feast. The author compares the descriptions of the martyr's behavior in all the three texts, using them as an example to demonstrate which traits are attributed to saints, and which avoided, in the development of the hagiographical tradition.


THE DRUCKER FOUNDATION SELF-ASSESSMENT PROCESS Introduction - Peter F. Drucker Governance and Management in Self-Assessment Definition of Terms The Self-Assessment Process STEP-BY-STEP GUIDELINES FOR SELF-ASSESSMENT Phase 1: Preparing for Self-Assessment Step 1: Gain Commitment from the Board and Management Step 2: Determine Participants and Process Design Step 3: Form the Assessment Team Step 4: Select a Facilitator and a Writer Step 5: Announce the Process, Invite Participation, and Confirm Key Dates Step 6: Conduct an Environmental Scan and Gather Internal Data Phase 2: Conducting the Self-Assessment Process Step 1: Orient Participants Distribute Environmental Scan Summary Report, Internal Data, and the Participant Workbook Step 2: Hold Group Discussion on the First Three Drucker Questions or Hold a Group Retreat Step 3: Conduct Customer Research and Depth Interviews Step 4: Hold Group Discussion on the Fourth and Fifth Drucker Questions Step 5: Prepare and Distribute Final Report Phase 3: Completing the Plan Step 1: Revise the Mission (If Needed) Confirm Goals and Results Step 2: Develop Objectives, Action Steps, and Budgets (Management) Step 3: Prepare the Plan for Presentation to the Board Step 4: Present the Mission, Goals, and Supporting Budget for Board Approval Step 5: Distribute the Plan, Confirm Responsibilities and Dates for Initial Appraisal RESOURCES FOR SELF-ASSESSMENT Uses of the Self-Assessment Tool: Four Examples Effective Facilitation How to Develop a Mission Statement Sample Plans Recommended Reading.


Outlines the principal occurrences and evaluates the economic significance of petroleum, coal, phosphate and other nonmetallic resources, and gold (vein and placer deposits), vanadium, molybdenum, porphyry copper, iron, and polymetallic ores in Peru.


In 2008, Jeanne Loring and Franz-Josef Müller showed they could teach a computer to distinguish between different sorts of human stem cells1, but what they really wanted was a program that could report whether or not a given cell line was pluripotent. Now they have built such a program. The bioinformatic assay called PluriTest allows researchers to upload microarray data and get an assessment of a cell line's pluripotency in about ten minutes2. T h e g o a l i s a c h e ap e r, qu i c ke r a lternat ive to the m u c h h a t e d b u t currently indispensible teratoma assay, in which putative pluripotent cells are injected into a mouse lacking an immune system. If, over six to eight weeks, the cells grow into a bizarre tumor containing cells representing major tissue types, the cell line is declared pluripotent. "If you get a whole bunch of [stem cell scientists] in a room and ask who thinks a teratoma is necessary, no one will raise a hand. If you ask whether it's necessary to publish, everyone will," says Loring, a biologist at The Scripps Research Institute. And though teratomas vary considerably, detailed information is rarely accessible outside the laboratory where the assay was conducted. To build the dataset on which PluriTest is based, Loring, Müller and colleagues collected samples from all over the globe, generating gene expression data from hundreds of human embryonic stem cell lines, dozens of human induced pluripotent stem cell lines plus hundreds of more-differentiated cell types. Although a separate pluripotency assessment based on more comprehensive profiling of fewer stem cell lines has also been published3, PluriTest was designed to accommodate data that researchers could collect readily in their own labs. Müller, a bioinformatician at the Zentrum für Integrative Psychiatrie in Kiel, Germany, says the main barrier was making a model that could withstand the specter of the 'black swan', in this case, a cell that is both clearly pluripotent and clearly abnormal. "With the classical [machine-learning] approach, the predictor will either say this is a perfect swan or that this is a different type of bird altogether." The researchers spent a year stumped for a solution, and then coauthor Bernhard Schuldt called Müller with an idea. Müller was at a conference and the call came very early in the morning. Müller recalls pacing an empty hotel lobby on his cell phone saying "yes, yes, that will work." Schuldt had proposed calculating a 'novelty score', which involves deconstructing pluripotency into genes that are regulated together. "We can tell the researcher that [a cell] looks in all these parts like a pluripotent cell, but this [other] part is off the charts," explains Müller. The researchers fed black swans into the model in the form of data from teratocarcinomas and parthenogenetic cell lines, and were satisf ied with Plur iTest's assessment : pluripotent, yes, but unusual, too. PluriTest also distinguishes partially from fully reprogrammed induced pluripotent stem cells and even flags abnormalities that can be hard to detect. "If there is a genetic mutation that has an effect, we won't know what it is, but we can identify [the line] as abnormal," says Loring. Müller and Loring plan to extend PluriTest in several ways: for example, to assess differentiation, perhaps a NeuroTest for neural cells or CardioTest for cardiomyocytes could be created. As for PluriTest itself, the hope is that researchers who use the test will also share data, making PluriTest more robust. Moreover, Müller is working on the best way to fold in data from additional microarray platforms as well as sequencing data and information about genome methylation. Eventually, Müller hopes, PluriTest will become a searchable, Google-like repository of stem cell information. "We're going to go the Facebook direction, where people can talk to each other about their data and their findings." monya Baker "How do


The thematic fields covered by the different contributions start with aspects of building and other feature extraction based on optical, LIDAR, and RADAR data sets (§1). In the context of urban composition and structure (§2), one can learn about subpixel analysis, spectral mixture analysis, and imaging spectrometry in the urban context. Very impressive is the work related to urban growth and different aspects of modelling and predicting such dynamic processes (§3). §4 illustrates different approaches of urban planning and socio-economic applications of urban remote sensing. The last section tries to distinguish between progress made, existing problems, and challenges or future trends in urban remote sensing. The book ends with personal descriptions of the contributing authors and their relation to the field of urban and suburban remote sensing. Each single chapter lists the relevant references, so that it is easy to find related publications. All chapters are illustrated with black and white figures of good quality. In addition, 26 figures can be found printed in colour in the middle of the book. The book gives a good overview about recent developments in urban and suburban remote sensing, and presents selected relevant topics in this field. I believe that this book can be a helpful reference for interested scientists and students in the field of remote sensing as well.


A species list of hard corals recorded in subtidal and reef flat habitats of the Darwin region is presented. This is the first published list of the species of corals from the Darwin area, with a total of 125 scleractinian and non-scleractinian calcareous coral species belonging to 17 families and 47 genera, including one hydrozoan and one octocoral. The Faviidae is the family represented by the highest number of genera and species while relatively high numbers of species from the families Acroporidae and Poritidae are also present int he Darwin region. Similar numbers of species are recorded from the reef flat and the subtidal zone. Fewer species, but similar proportions of all major genera, are recorded from each family in Darwin compared with the east and west coasts of Australia.


Most novel analytic methods for longitudinal data are applicable to studies spanning three time-points of data at a minimum, whereas methods for two-occasion data have garnered comparatively little attention. Here, we address this limitation by introducing the two-wave latent change score (2W-LCS) model, a technique appropriate for preliminary detection of relations among dynamic processes with two-occasion data. The 2W-LCS model is well suited for the investigation of hypotheses in which changes in a construct are posited as predictors of changes in another construct. In an empirical illustration using data of elderly Hispanics from the Health and Retirement Study, we demonstrate how the 2W-LCS model provides the best match to theories rooted in changes, and highlight the advantages of this approach over other modeling alternatives (i.e., Little, Preacher, Selig, & Card, 2007; Selig & Preacher, 2009).


Preface. List of contributors. 1. Anatomic basis of functional specialization in prefrontal cortices in primates (H. Barbas, H.T. Ghashghaei, N.L. Rempel-Clower, D. Xiao). 2. The prefrontal cortex: conjunction and cognition (E.K. Miller, W.F. Asaad). 3. Working memory: Findings from neuroimaging and patient studies (E.E. Smith, C. Marshuetz, A. Geva). 4. Age, cognition and emotion (L. Phillips, S. McPherson, S. Della Sala). 5. The frontal lobes and frontal-subcortical circuits in neuropsychiatric disorders (S. McPherson, J.L. Cummings). 6. The somatic marker hypothesis and decision-making (A. Bechara, D. Tranel, A.R. Damasio). 7. Neuropsychological consequences of dysfunction in human dorosolateral prefrontal cortex (S.W. Anderson, D. Tranel). 8. The human prefrontal cortex has evolved to represent components of structured event complexes (J. Grafman). 9. The processing of temporal information in the frontal lobe (P. Nichelli). 10. Neural network models of prefrontal cortex and cognitive control (J.D. Cohen). Subject index.


Recent non-biased studies from the USA and UK suggest that sexual dysfunction (SD) is present in about one-third of men and women in the general population1,2. Logic would dictate that patients who attend genitourinary medicine (GUM) clinics are sexually active and therefore not sexually dysfunctional and indeed they do have signi® cantly higher rates of sexual partner change than their general population counterparts3. However, even in the mid 1970s, SD was recognized and treated in GUM clinics4. In the last 15 years several studies have reported substantial rates of SD in GUM clinics5± 8. SD is concerning for patients because of the lack of function it produces. To compound the dysfunction there is also a robust relationship between SD and both poor quality of life and depressive illness9± 11. Currently in the USA and UK, SD is managed by a wide spectrum of practitioners, including general practitioners (GPs), psychologists, psychiatrists, gynaecologists, urologists and sexual counsellors, although the evidence from the USA is that most urologists and GPs either do not treat SD or consider it a low medical priority12,13. Therefore, should GUM physicians become involved in the management of SD? A recent study by Keane et al. shows that, de facto, 84% of the GUM clinics in the UK that responded to her questionnaire supported the provision of an SD clinic and 42% actively provided such a service14. While this shows an exciting change and expansion in the role of the GUM physician, treatment purchasers will obviously be concerned that here is yet another ® nancial burden. At St Mary's Hospital, our purchasers tacitly and implicitly accept that we run a number of SD clinics but give no speci® c ® nancial support for it. This is in spite of our cost (staff and treatments) per patient per year for SD being £65 (breakdown available) as compared with £565 for urologists15. There are also training and treatment issues with regard to physicians managing patients with SD. Physical treatments (mechanical and pharmacological) that aim to restore physiological sexual functioning may do little to resolve intrapsychic or relationship con ̄ icts16. The limited data of patients treated with combined pharmacotherapy and sex therapy for sexual problems support an integrative approach17. Whereas the pharmacological treatments and injection techniques may be relatively easily learned via conferences, journals and brief one-to-one teaching, the psychological aspects need in-depth training. Even if the GUM physician hands over psychosexual problems to the clinical psychologist or counsellor, the available treatment options may not be understood unless they have the relevant psychological training. One option is to do joint clinics with psychologists or counsellors. The other is to train in sexual medicine formally. There are at least 2 such courses both leading to a MSC Ð one at the Whittington Hospital, London, and the other at the University of Lancashire. These can lead to accreditation by the British Association of Sexual and Relationship Therapists (BASRT). The Medical Society for the Study of Venereal Diseases (MSSVD) now has a special interest group in SD whose chairman is Dr Phil Kell and secretary Dr Wallace Dinsmore. It is currently processing a new up-to-date survey of SD treatment rates in GUM clinics and their funding. Its ® ndings are awaited with keen anticipation.


A study was carried out to assess the water quality of incoming, outgoing and a receiving stream water from a furrow irrigated sugar plantation. pH did not vary significantly at the three sampling points in the rainy season, but differences were observed in the dry season with incoming water having the highest value (p < 0.05) and outgoing water the least. Dissolved solids were highest (p < 0.05) in the incoming water in both seasons while in the rainy season, the lowest value was in the outgoing water. In the rainy season, sulphate and phosphate were higher (p < 0.05) in the incoming water while the amounts in the outgoing water and in the stream did not differ. Water hardness was highest in the outgoing and lowest in the incoming water in both seasons. Chloride was highest (p < 0.05) in the outgoing water in both seasons and the values in the incoming water and in the stream did not differ. Nitrate was higher in outgoing water compared to the incoming and stream water in the rainy season, while in the dry season, the concentration was highest in the stream. Copper was significantly higher (p < 0.05) in the incoming water compared to the other points in the two seasons. All the parameters were below the standard limits and this demonstrated that the threat to water quality in the stream was minimal. The scheme may still cause some grave impact in the receiving stream, such that in a few years, serious water quality deterioration could take place.


Stable isotope labeling is at present one of the most powerful methods in quantitative proteomics. Stable isotope labeling has been performed at both the protein as well as the peptide level using either metabolic or chemical labeling. Here, we present a straightforward and cost‐effective triplex quantification method that is based on stable isotope dimethyl labeling at the peptide level. Herein, all proteolytic peptides are chemically labeled at their α‐ and ϵ‐amino groups. We use three different isotopomers of formaldehyde to enable the parallel analysis of three different samples. These labels provide a minimum of 4 Da mass difference between peaks in the generated peptide triplets. The method was evaluated based on the quantitative analysis of a cell lysate, using a typical "shotgun" proteomics experiment. While peptide complexity was increased by introducing three labels, still more than 1300 proteins could be identified using 60 μg of starting material, whereby more than 600 proteins could be quantified using at least four peptides per protein. The triplex labeling was further utilized to distinguish specific from aspecific cAMP binding proteins in a chemical proteomics experiment using immobilized cAMP. Thereby, differences in abundance ratio of more than two orders of magnitude could be quantified.


We investigate an algorithm for boundary-enhanced image reconstruction from limited-angle projection data in X-ray phase-contrast tomography. The algorithm exploits the fact that the imaging model of phase-contrast tomography establishes a sparse representation of the object that facilitates accurate image reconstruction form highly incomplete measurement data. The developed algorithm may therefore benefit a wide range of X-ray phase-contrast tomography applications by dramatically reducing data-acquisition times and limiting radiation dose.


The article deals with the evolution of Brazil's cultural diplomacy from the Empire till the present day. Special attention is paid to figures who contributed a lot to its development, namely the Emperor Pedro II, foreign minister Rio Branco, education minister Gustavo Capanema. The author divides cultural diplomacy evolution into several periods and concludes that it reached its heights under Lula da Silva in early XXI century. The president increased government role in financing cultural sphere and implemented various cultural programmes partly borrowed by neighbouring and some European states. After right-wing politicians came to power, cultural diplomacy has been suffering crisis, which manifested in the dissolution of Cultural Ministry, less investment in culture and return to some elements of elitist culture of the First Republic.


Social scientists have extensively studied mixed marriage in its different forms since the beginning of the past century, especially in the western societies. While there is a considerable body of international literature pertaining to mixed marriage, very little research has been conducted on mixed marriage in the Arab region in general and in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) area in particular. Virtually, no empirical study to our knowledge has examined mixed marriage in Qatar. The purpose of this study is thus to analyze and outline the trends and patterns of mixed marriage among Qatari nationals. The results indicated that although the endogamous marriage (Qataris males married to Qatari females) is the main marriage pattern among the Qatari population, mixed marriage in Qatar is on the rise. Mixed marriage among Qatari males compared to Qatari females has increased systematically since 1985. In addition, Qatari females are more likely than males to marry someone from the other GCC area. Meanwhile, in the last few years Qatari males have tended to marry from outside the GCC countries, mainly from other Arab countries. Social, demographic, and cultural implications of mixed marriage among Qataris need to be a central focus for family policy.


Conflict is a collision of opposing interests. The collision may be relatively mild in nature as when two vehicles traveling in the same direction veer into each other's path, striking only a glancing blow as each tries to recover, independently, and return appropriately to unoccupied space. Or the collision may be exceedingly violent as in the case of two speeding vehicles proceeding from opposite directions meeting each other unrestrained head-on. Conflict occurs when the interests of one party come by accident or design into engagement with those of another or others. The collision can involve intangible as well as tangible items of interest; some of the most serious collisions involve conflicting ideas, sentiments, attitudes, feelings. Conflict can be seen, described, and analyzed in many ways, but it is useful from the perspectives of management and resolution to view it by reference to simple geometric principles. Conflict develops when something is propelled into the space already occupied by something else that cannot readily accommodate this new presence. Conflict,


The main purpose of this research was evaluation of the relationship between organizational culture and job motivation of office employees of education and development department of the province of Semnan. Statistical population of this research included all office employees of education and development department of the counties of Semnan in the 2014-2015 academic year who according to the latest statistical information from the main provincial office for Semnan are 300 individuals. From among the statistical population of the research, 150 individuals were selected by simple sampling (based on personnel number and random selection from table of random numbers) based on the Kerjcie Morgan table. For measurement of variables questionnaires of organizational culture by Moghimi (2011) job motivation by Halkman and Oldheim (1980) were used. Results showed that correlation exists between organizational culture and job motivation in office workers of education and development department of the counties of Semnan in the 1994-1995 academic year. The situation for organizational culture and job motivation among employees of the education and development offices of the counties of Semnan was above average. Correlation existed between constituents of organizational culture (job challenges, communication, innovation, trust, social cohesiveness) of employees with their job motivation in education and department offices of the counties of Semnan. Correlation existed between constituents of job motivation (skills' variety, value of duty, supervisor feedback, meaningfulness of duty, independence) with organizational culture in employees of education and development department of the counties of Semnan. DOI: 10.5901/mjss.2016.v7n2s2p35


ABSTRACT The objective Table 1of this study is to examine the potential of SCATSAT-1 data for estimating the soil moisture and vegetation over the continental regions by evaluating the variabilities in backscattering coefficients measured over different land surface types. The SCATSAT-1 is Ku-band wind Scatterometer, which provides backscattering coefficient measurements over the globe in HH and VV polarization at fixed incidence angles. Variabilities in the backscatter coefficients over different land surfaces, mainly over four different geo-climatological regions of India, are studied based on 3 years of SCATSAT-1 dataset in conjunction with other collocated measurements. The SCATSAT-1 backscattering coefficient provides the quantitative measure of the seasonality over a region due to unique distribution of soil moisture and vegetation characteristics of that region. The variabilities in soil moisture and vegetation in these regions are compared and applicability of change detection method for estimating the soil moisture over these regions has been analysed. Based on regression analysis on SMOS measured soil moisture and SCATSAT-1 measured backscattering coefficient, a relationship has been established for the soil moisture estimation from the SCATSAT-1 backscattering coefficient.


Our purpose was to determine whether the manner in which women are portrayed in television advertisements has undergone significant change during the past 15 years. Replicating the 1972 study by Dominick and Rauch, a content analysis was performed on 1,480 commercials. Commercials were coded for product advertised, gender of the voice‐over announcer, gender of the on‐camera product representative, setting, age, and occupation of the characters. Women were found to be portrayed in a wider range of occupations and appeared more frequently in settings outside the home than in 1972. Product type, voice‐over announcer, on‐camera product representative, and age categories remained unchanged.


High performance athletes participate and function in sports systems where exploitative behaviours may become manifest. These behaviours potentially violate an individual athlete's human rights. Using the Capability Approach first outlined by Amartya Sen the paper details how a more precise analysis of human rights, in the context of high performance sport, may be achieved. Using in-depth narrative accounts from high performance athletes, data illustrate how athlete maltreatment is related to individual capabilities and functionings: the loss of individual freedoms infringes accepted notions of human rights. The implications for practice concern how human rights may be protected within and for systems of high performance production.


In New Zealand, heavy vehicle drivers carry log-books in which details oftheir driving hours must be recorded. It was decided to use this information to carry out a study on the risk of crash with respect to driving hours and other time intervals related to the drivers' working lives. In thestudy a case group of heavy vehicles involved in crashes (for which details of drivers' hours were known from their log-books) was compared with a control group of vehicles. The control group was selected by police goingto the scenes of crashes on an anniversary of the crash, at the same timeof day as the crash, and stopping a heavy vehicle. Where possible a vehicle was selected which was travelling in the same direction as the crash vehicle and which was of a similar configuration. Evidence was found of anincreased risk of crash in those cases where driving hours since the driver's last compulsory 10 hour off-duty period (as recorded in the log book)exceeded about eight. There were no other significant differences between the two groups with respect to other time intervals related to driving habits. There was a significant difference between the age distribution ofthe crash and control drivers with the crash drivers generally younger. (a) For the covering abstract of this conference see IRRD abstract no. 861222.


Lorestan bronze in a time range between 2900 prior to the seventh century BC masterpieces are products of history. Diversity, precision, skill, finesse, technique and design and perfect form of these products has caused a lot of discussion on this will be revealed. Common themes in painting and bronze casting Lorestan partly by borrowing from Persian legends and myths, But the culture of the Caucasus and Mesopotamia and Asia Minor has been deprived, in this paper the design in the form of a brief analysis of the works done.


Objective
Based on the theory of Service Quality to develop a scale for measuring personal digital assistant satisfaction by nurses and to detect the reliability and validity of this scale.

Methods
Through the literature research, cross-sectional study and present satisfaction evaluation tool for using personal digital assistant by nurse to build the item pool. The items were selected by 15 experts consultation and the pilot survey of 666 nurses.

Results
The satisfaction evaluation tool for using personal digital assistant by nurse scale consisted of 41 items; the exploratory factor analysis identified 8 principal factors and explained for 65.22%. Pearson correlation coefficient between each dimension was 0.213-0.684(P<0.01). Pearson correlation coefficient between each dimension and total scale was 0.574-0.798(P<0.01). The Cronbach α coefficient of the scale was 0.928 and test-retest reliability was 0.934.

Conclusions
The satisfaction evaluation tool for using personal digital assistant by nurse scale has good validity and reliability. It can be used as a tool to measure the satisfaction for using personal digital assistant by nurse.

Key words:
Nurses; Personal digital assistant; Satisfaction scale; Reliability; Validity


A large number of studies on Graph Outlier Detection (GOD) have emerged in recent years due to its wide applications, in which Unsupervised Node Outlier Detection (UNOD) on attributed networks is an important area. UNOD focuses on detecting two kinds of typical outliers in graphs: the structural outlier and the contextual outlier. Most existing works conduct experiments based on datasets with injected outliers. However, we find that the most widely-used outlier injection approach has a serious data leakage issue. By only utilizing such data leakage, a simple approach can achieve state-of-the-art performance in detecting outliers. In addition, we observe that existing algorithms have a performance drop with the mitigated data leakage issue. The other major issue is on balanced detection performance between the two types of outliers, which has not been considered by existing studies.In this paper, we analyze the cause of the data leakage issue in depth since the injection approach is a building block to advance UNOD. Moreover, we devise a novel variance-based model to detect structural outliers, which outperforms existing algorithms significantly and is more robust at kinds of injection settings. On top of this, we propose a new framework, Variance-based Graph Outlier Detection (VGOD), which combines our variance-based model and attribute reconstruction model to detect outliers in a balanced way. Finally, we conduct extensive experiments to demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of VGOD. The results on 5 real-world datasets validate that VGOD achieves not only the best performance in detecting outliers but also a balanced detection performance between structural and contextual outliers.


In developing a website, various processes are needed so that the website can be implemented optimally in accordance with the aims and objectives of the website development itself. Asean Entrepreneurship Profiling Website is a website developed as a means for entrepreneurs in ASEAN to carry out self-assessments so that they can see their profile as an entrepreneur. Asean Entrepreneur Profiling is an instrument designed to get an overview of the key factors in the profile of entrepreneurs in ASEAN. This research aims to develop a self-assessment concept through the Asean Entrepreneurship Profiling Website. The research method is Neuroresearch and Agile Development Method. The result of this research is the website https://aseanentrepreneurshipprofiling.com/ which contains a self-assessment instrument that can be accessed by entrepreneurs in ASEAN in analyzing their profiles.


In order to obtain higher humidity sensitivity, shorter response/recover time, and lower energy consumption, we investigate the dynamic humidity sensing characteristics of indium–zinc-oxide (IZO)-based synaptic transistors with graphene oxide/chitosan composite electrolyte films as the gate dielectrics. Here, the short-term synaptic plasticity parameters, such as excitatory post-synaptic current, paired-pulse facilitation index, and high-pass filtering coefficient, were used for quantitative characterization of the relative humidity. The spiking humidity response time and energy consumption of such synaptic transistors are estimated to be 30 ms and 2.2 nJ, respectively. At the same time, a model based on the humidity-dependent proton gating and the adsorption of water molecules at the IZO channel surface is proposed.


It has been estimated that about 2% of global carbon dioxide emissions can be attributed to IT systems. Green (or sustainable) computing refers to supporting business critical computing needs with the least possible amount of power. This phenomenon changes the priorities in the design of new software systems and in the way companies handle existing ones. In this paper, we present the results of a research project aimed to develop a migration strategy to give an existing software system a new and more eco-sustainable lease of life. We applied a strategy for migrating a subject system that performs intensive and massive computation to a target architecture based on a Graphics Processing Unit (GPU). We validated our solution on a system for path finding robot simulations. An analysis on execution time and energy consumption indicated that: (i) the execution time of the migrated system is less than the execution time of the original system; and (ii) the migrated system reduces energy waste, so suggesting that it is more eco-sustainable than its original version. Our findings improve the body of knowledge on the effect of using the GPU in green computing.


Pangandaran West Coast is the famous tourism site besides many tourisms offer in Pangandaran Regency. These white sand beaches provide beautiful sightseeing, water sports, tourism facilities, culinary and many other interesting things. In contrary, there were many erosion evidences found and building damage during the field research, in this area that may harm the nature its self and the population as well. The aim of this research is to map the coastal vulnerability in Pangandaran West Coast by integrating Smartline Mapping approach and CVI (Coastal Vulnerability Index). Thus, we map vulnerability parameters in two directions, along and cross the coastline, that consist of 10 parameters such as beach material, wave exposure, hinterland relief, berm feature, grain size, berm height, beach face feature, significant wave height, coastline changes, and residential area density. Finally, after the mapped parameters were scored and calculated using CVI formula, the result showed that vulnerability index in Pangandaran West Cost ranged from 16.43 to 129.9 which divided into 5 vulnerability classes; 1) Very low, 2) Low, 3) Moderate, 4) High, and 5) Very High.


Several numerical methods (orthogonal collocation, Galerkin, tau, least-squares and least-squares with a direct minimization algorithm) are applied to solve a linear diffusion–reaction problem. The spectral, finite-element and spectral-element frameworks are employed to investigate the methods. Overall, the Galerkin and tau methods are considered the most universal methods.

Spectral framework: With sufficient diffusion limitations, the least-squares method suffers in general from significantly lower accuracy than the Galerkin, tau and orthogonal collocation methods. On the other hand, the least-squares method with a direct minimization algorithm provides favourable lower system matrix condition numbers than the conventional least-squares approach. Hence, for higher diffusion limitations, the least-squares direct minimization formulation provides higher numerical accuracy than the conventional least-squares method, but is still not as accurate as the Galerkin, tau and orthogonal collocation techniques. The accuracy of the least-squares solution can compete with the other methods only in cases with low gradients in the solution.

Element framework: For a highly diffusion limited problem, the element framework is considered favourable as compared to the spectral framework. On the other hand, the element approach is not as efficient as the spectral solution for small Thiele modulus solutions.


The 1.07-m long lake core with 1 cm interval cutting, which was obtained by drilling in the South Hongshan Lake of Northwest Tibet, was dated by the 210Pb and 137Cs methods, and a 150-year consecutive lake sedimentary sequence (1840–1997) with 1.4 year resolution was obtained. Some environmental proxies, such as the total organic carbon (TOC), total nitrogen (TN), ratio of TOC to TN (TOC/TN), trace chemistry elements (TCE), CaCO3, grain size, richness of ostracoda etc. showed that they are of well coincidence. These results implied that the environmental background varied from the cold-wet period in the late 19th century, to the warm-wet period from the end of the 19th century to the 1920s and to the warm-dry period since the 1920s. There were sub-variations since the 1920s: the cold-dry/warm-wet fluctuation from 1922 to 1960, the intensively warm-dry period since 1960 with a short cold-wet period in the mid-1970s to the end of the 1980s. The humid period from the mid-1970s to the end of the 1970s and the dry period beginning from the early 1980s were well documented by climatic data of the nearby weather station records while the grain size was well correlated to the annual precipitation. Compared with the records from Guliya ice core in the same area, the TOC proxy in the lake core indicating warm/cold conditions well corresponded to the σ18O records representing temperature variations in the ice core. However, the proxies with dry/wet significance in the lake core were different from the variations of snow accumulation reflected by the ice core. It can be concluded that the chosen environmental proxies have clear environmental significance and the lake sediments can reflect climatic and environmental changes at high-resolution.


Discuss comprehensive reparation of victims necessarily involves addressing issues of restitution, compensation, rehabilitation, satisfaction and guarantees of non-repetition. All this harmonious picture of which creditors are victims of violations of human rights have their foundation from international obligations assumed by States, enshrined in various international instruments of protection, such as the obligation to respect and warranty. Based on these international obligations of States, must always strive to ensure restitution of damages to a person, providing all the guarantees of procedural and restorative nature, in order to develop the pillars of justice: truth and reparation.


The labour productivity in the Sri Lankan garment industry is found to be rather low compared with that of some of its competitive countries. On-site investigation revealed that the workflow becomes unbalanced due to many reasons despite it being balanced at the beginning of a style change. The significance of the problem of high work in progress and its high fluctuation is investigated through the data collected from 42 garment manufacturing lines in 14 different factories. Hypothesis testing on these data revealed that this is a common problem. Root cause analysis on work in progress fluctuation disclosed the major contributing factors to the problem. Identifying each sewing line in few 'sub cells', where a team of operators focuses mainly on one part of the garment, helped when addressing most of the problems identified in the root cause analysis. The sub-cell concept was successfully implemented in a garment manufacturing company in Sri Lanka.


Current trends show that UMTS network and WLAN will co-exist and work together to support more users with higher data rate services over a wider area. However, this integration invokes many challenges such as mobility management and handoff decision making. Vertical handoff is switching process between heterogeneous wireless networks in a 3G/WLAN network. Vertical handoffs often fail due to the abrupt degrade of the WLAN signal strength. In this paper, proposed a new vertical handoff method for to decrease the number of signaling and registration processes, to examine the Special conditions such as WLAN black holes and to eliminate disconnecting effects. By estimating user locations related to WLAN position, interface on-times will be reduced which makes the power consuming of the system decreased. To indicate the efficiency of proposed approach the performance and the delay results are simulated.


In late 1960 Brian Leonard Cooper was arrested in Sydney and charged with sedition. Formerly employed in the Cooperative Section of the Department of Native Affairs in the territory of Papua and New Guinea, it was alleged that he had incited a number of local men in Madang to violently expel the Australians from the territory. A young man with liberal political views and progressive attitudes toward race relations, he was an outsider and vulnerable to exploitation by political opportunists. This article considers the period leading up to his arrest and the ways that his prosecution benefited those with a vested interest in his downfall.


A unique three-dimensional packing problem with non-convex parts and without a gravity constraint can be defined in a selective laser sintering rapid prototyping machine. The goal for the packing task is to pack the parts to be manufactured as tightly as possible to maximize volume and machine time utilization. A genetic algorithm is used as a search engine to find a good packing pattern for parts. Each individual in a population represents one packing solution. The chromosomal representation is a three-dimensional ordered list of integers where each sublist has a different allele set. A fitness function simulates the packing of parts and also evaluates the quality of a solution. To calculate part intersections, the fitness function uses methods common in computational geometry. Several experimental runs are performed to tune the genetic algorithm parameters initially. Due to the chromosome structure used, there is a lack of genetic material in the population. Methods to introduce new material into the population are defined and tested. Experiments with more difficult packing problems, where all parts are complex in shape, prove that the developed genetic algorithm is robust and able to find a good solution in most problem instances. Further experiments with the size of the bin used suggest that in order for the algorithm to find a good solution, bin size should be sufficiently large. If the bin used is too small, only mediocre results are obtained.


Recently, high-speed digital communication with large capacity is the social requirement. The frequencies of the CPU clocks in personal computers and workstations are getting higher rapidly. On the other hand, the integration technology of integrated circuits has been developed, and this makes the electronic application more miniature and higher density. These tendencies are principal factors which enlarge the crosstalk. Therefore, it is important to study the cause of crosstalk and to suppress it. In this paper, we study the behavior of crosstalk of microstrip lines with nonlinear loads such as CMOS-IC. To simplify the analysis, we use the 4-port network. Experiment shows that the CMOS-IC can be regarded as a linear load in high frequency range.


Critical power experiments using the test section with an axially uniformly-heated tight-lattice rod bundle have been carried out. One of the aims of the experiments is to propose the critical power correlation. Critical power in tight-lattice rod bundles is very important on the thermal-hydraulic design of the Reduced-Moderation Water Reactor (RMWR). Many parameter effects on critical power such as flow and configuration parameters, axial and radial power distributions, bundle size etc. have to be considered. In this investigation, we focused on the fundamental parameter effects such as flow and configuration parameter and radial power distribution on critical power as the first step. Test section was an axially uniformly-heated 7-rod bundle with gap between rods of 1.0 mm, rod diameter of 12.3mm and heated length of 1.8m. Critical power correlation for the axially uniformly-heated tight rod bundles was derived based on the present and BAPL databases. An excellent agreement was obtained between the developed correlation and data (371 points) within an error of ±4.6%.


Using the data from 1993 to 2008,this paper verifies that there exists significant cycles in IPO market of China.In the circumstance that IPO process is under the control of government,we try to explain IPO cycles by solving the maximization problem constrained by over - optimistic investor sentiment faced by government. Subject to the dual characters of player and referee in market,government takes the implicit responsibility to support the initial trading prices of IPOs.To maintain its reputation and credibility,government inclines to price the IPOs according to their values in spite of the over - optimistic sentiment around the market As a result, the IPO issue price can not incorporate this sentiment - based demand,which will be reflected in the aftermarket price at once.So it implies that the variation of IPO initial return is mainly driven by the sentiment However,sentiment will shock the stock index,in the absence of market self- stabilization mechanism,government uses the IPO volume as one of the policy tools to offset the sentiment effect on stock index,which leads to the fluctuation of IPO volume.Further empirical study supports the above theoretical hypothesis.


We describe certain aspects of 3He and compare them to related aspects of the standard electroweak model of particle physics. We note various similarities in the order parameter structure, defect structure, interactions with fermions and anomalies in the two systems. Many issues in the condensed matter literature that are often confusing to the particle physics reader and vice versa are clarified.


Abstract A new Cs+ adsorbent, activated carbon loaded ammonium molybdophosphate (AMP-AC) was prepared by repeating batch reaction of H3PO4 and (NH4)6Mo7O24. The surface of the activated carbon particles was coated with AMP microcrystals through a controlled crystallization process. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis identified the AMP loaded on AC with the formula of (NH4)3PO4(MoO3)12·4H2O. Scanning electron microscope images demonstrated that the fine AMP crystals was successfully immobilized and uniformly distributed on the porous carbon substrate. The effects of medium acidity, contact time, temperature and competing ions on Cs+ uptake by the composite were investigated. The results show that the as-prepared adsorbent keeps high selectivity and adsorption capacity (∼0.75 mmol/g) for Cs+ in acidic feed solution (0.1 M HNO3), even in the presence of plentiful competing cations, Na+, Zn2+, Sr2+, Cr3+ and La3+, while activated carbon itself has no specific affinity for Cs+. The adsorption process could be described by Langmuir adsorption equations. There is no significant difference (9.4%) on Cs+ adsorption by the composite during system temperature changing from 298 to 348 K.


This work examines the effect of the electrostatic properties of an immobilization substrate on the apparent affinity of immobilized receptors for their soluble ligands. In particular, we report measurements of the interaction between cytochrome c or cytochrome b5 bound to an oriented streptavidin monolayer and its soluble reaction partner. Surface plasmon resonance measurements demonstrate that the charge on the underlying streptavidin monolayer has a pronounced impact on the measured equilibrium constants for the heterologous interaction between cyt c and cyt b5. The pH dependence of the equilibrium binding constant is similar qualitatively to that reported for the protein interaction in solution. However, the pH optima of the affinities measured with the immobilized proteins are shifted by up to 1.0 pH units. Whether the shift is to acidic or basic pH depends on which of the two proteins is immobilized. The observed changes are consistent with the long-range repulsion or attraction between the soluble ...


In order to study the environmental vibration response due to entering-station and leaving-station trains on their railway,a new dynamic periodic close form solution is introduced for the railway structure subjected to moving loads with variable speeds in this paper.Firstly,the general dynamical response in an elastic half space model subjected to the surface moving loads is obtained on the basis of Duhamel integral and dynamic reciprocity theorem.Secondly,in the case of a periodic railway track structure,the general dynamical response in the frequency domain is simplified in a form of summation within the track sleeper period instead of integral,which is obtained by transferring the moving loads on the rail to the moving of receiver backward within a periodic sleeper distance and the moving of loads within only one sleeper distance.The advantage of this formulation is that all of the dynamical analyses of the track system is carried out within a sleeper distance.In this way,the track response by the moving train can be obtained.Finally,by studying the cases of loads moving on the track structure with variable and constant speeds,the theory has been proved to be correct.


Although it can be argued that directors of central academic development units (ADUs) are critical to the implementation of university teaching and learning strategies, it would appear there is a high director turnover rate. While research in the USA, the UK, and Australia illustrates that ADUs are frequently closed or restructured, that research has not considered the longevity of directors in their positions. This paper reports on the experiences of 19 Australian directors of academic development who retired between 2002 and 2007. The research highlights the high turnover (82% in five years) and the relatively early retirement of directors from their positions, in part related to disagreement with senior managers, lack of a career path, and stress related to the role. Conclusions include that the turnover of staff in director positions has the potential to have a negative impact on the implementation of institutional strategic plans, the retention of corporate knowledge and experience, and the renewal of the academic profession.


Until recently, the world was populated by two types of patients with ALS: those with sporadic ALS (sALS) and those with familial ALS. The 5% with a family history needed special care and attention to help them come to terms with the double tragedy of having a devastating terminal disease and knowing that they could pass it on to their children. The other 95% could be confidently reassured that no one else in their family need consider themselves at risk. Furthermore, since there was only one ALS-determining gene, SOD1, affecting 20% of the familial cases, testing and counselling was relatively simple, and most patients had to accept that the precise cause of their disease could not yet be determined.

Rapid advances in ALS genetics in recent years, principally the discovery that approximately 10% of …


Abstract.  The new species Didissandra chishuiense R. B. Zhang (Gesneriaceae) is established. The taxon is endemic to Jinsha Valley in Chishui City, northern Guizhou, China. It is distinguished by the resupinate corolla, a condition not found in other species of Didissandra C. B. Clarke.


This study investigated the extent to which perceived social support functioned as a protective factors, and dimensions of insecure attachment (i.e., avoidant and anxious) functioned as risks factors for physical and psychological health. We explored whether insecure attachment was a mechanism that modified the relationship (i.e., protect against or increases risk) between social support and adult health. Participants were 155 non-traditional adult college students from demographically diverse backgrounds. Students were approached in common areas on campus or in classrooms during break and were asked to complete the questionnaire. Bartholomew and Horowitz's Attachment Questionnaire assessed avoidant and anxious attachment dimensions, the Brief Social Support Questionnaire assessed perceived social support, and the Memorial Symptom Assessment Scale measured physical and psychological symptoms. Model results indicated that the anxious dimension of insecure attachment was more directly and positively associated with poorer general physical health and psychological symptoms, whereas greater perceived social support was linked with better reported health. However, an interesting pattern emerged with avoidant attachment through a moderated relationship with social support. The absence of a satisfying supportive network was significantly related to poorer physical and psychological health outcomes for those low in avoidant attachment, but not for those high in avoidant attachment. Results from this work suggest that insecure attachment plays a detrimental role in adult health. Perceived social support does not necessarily function as a blanket protective factor for health, as it seemed to offer less benefit to those high in attachment avoidance.


The article is the first attempt to present, on the basis of on a large number of pre-revolutionary sources, the history of formation and existence of various military-scientific, literary-scientific, cultural-educational, and entertainment societies, as well as special interest circles and clubs in the Military Department. The author analyzes in detail the history of creation and activities of the comradeship meetings of "dvoryane" and "konstantinovtsy" as one of the forms of historical memory of fellow officers. The article presents the activities of the military educational institution's graduates on creating the Library Department of the Konstantin Military School, which consisted of its former students' works on military science, history and literature. The article contains a comparative table for 1901 and 1916 with the names of authors and the number of literary works, created by the former students of the Noble Regiment and its successor institutions, donated for the Special Department of the Konstantin Artillery School's library. The article focuses on the fact that this initiative found universal support among the students of the school and was one of the cultural traditions in other military educational institutions and military units of the Military Department.


Surveillance and surveying are two important applications of empirical research. A major part of terrain modelling is supported by photographic surveys which are used for capturing expansive natural surfaces using a wide range of sensors- visual, infrared, ultrasonic, radio, etc. A natural surface is non-smooth, unpredictable and fast-varying, and it is difficult to capture all features and reconstruct them accurately. An orthographic image of a surface provides a detailed holistic view capturing its relevant features. In a perfect orthographic reconstruction, images must be captured normal to each point on the surface which is practically impossible. In this paper, a detailed analysis of the constraints on imaging distance is also provided. A novel method is formulated to determine an approximate orthographic region on a surface surrounding the point of focus and additionally, some methods for approximating the orthographic boundary for faster computation is also proposed. The approximation methods have been compared in terms of computational efficiency and accuracy.


The paper deals with the FPGA implementation of artificial neurons for Machine Learning systems. Nowadays Machine Learning is always more used in is different application fields and in many cases, FPGA implementations represent the best compromise between performance, and reduced power consumption. Modern FPGAs are equipped with specific circuits suitable for the implementation of the multiply and accumulate operation. These circuits called DSP blocks can be used for the implementation of the synapses of artificial neurons. However, the DSP blocks are not the only solution to implement this operation. This paper compares artificial neuron implementation considering DSP blocks based neurons and CLB-based ones. Comparisons are performed in terms of hardware resources, timing, and power consumption. Results show that DSP blocks based neurons are characterized by best performances in terms of power consumption and maximum frequency


This paper develops aspects of cosheaf theory on rigid analytic spaces, and demonstrates a sheaf-cosheaf Verdier duality equivalence theorem for overconvergent sheaves on separated, paracompact spaces, analogous to Jacob Lurie's treatment of Verdier duality for locally compact, Hausdorff topological spaces.


We use the newly introduced conformable fractional derivative, which is different from the Caputo and Riemann-Liouville fractional derivatives, to reformulate several common boundary value problems, including those with conjugate, right-focal, and Lidstone conditions. With the fractional differential equation and fractional boundary conditions established, we find the corresponding Green's functions and prove their positivity under appropriate assumptions.


Background: ABO blood groups are associated with different risk of viral infections. In vitro studies demonstrated how anti-A and anti-B antibodies neutralized the infectious capacity of SARS-CoV-2. Therefore, here we describe the inflammatory response of COVID-19 patients in the context of the blood group aiming to assess the lower severity status found in group O patients.Methods: Prospective and consecutive study including blood samples from 108 adult patients diagnosed with COVID-19 and admitted to the "Hospital Clínico Universitario" Valladolid, Spain between March 24 and April 11 2020. Patients were divided according to their ABO blood group. Plasma aliquots were analyzed, in duplicate, for the quantification of 45 mediators by MAGPIX system (Luminex). Statistical analysis was performed using the R statistical package version 4.0.2 Findings: We found a lower risk (2.16 times) of mechanical ventilation or death in patients with blood group O [Log Rank: p=0.042, Hazard Ratio: 0.463, CI 95% (0.213-1.004), p=0.050]. Moreover, 15 cytokines were significantly over-expressed (and only one under-expressed) in blood group O. Last, a multivariate model found BDNF, IL-13 and IL-27 as the best cytokines able to differentiate the immune profile based on blood group. Interpretation: Our cohort showed how blood group O was associated with both lower rates of hospital admission and a lower risk of intubation or death. Indeed, these patients produced higher amounts of cytokines in response to SARS-CoV-2, hence mounting an effective immune response which allowed them to control the viral infection and therefore decrease the risk of further complications.Funding Statement: This research was funded by Instituto de Salud Carlos III, grant number COV20/00491.Declaration of Interests: Alvaro Tamayo-Velasco declares no conflict of interest. - María Jesús Peñarrubia-Ponce declares no conflict of interest. - Francisco Javier Álvarez declares no conflict of interest. - Hugo Gonzalo-Benito declares no conflict of interest. - Ignacio de la Fuente declares no conflict of interest. - Sonia Pérez González declares no conflict of interest. - Lucía Rico declares no conflict of interest. - María Teresa Jiménez-García declares no conflict of interest. - Alba Sánchez-Rodríguez declares no conflict of interest. - Milagros Hijas-Villaizan declares no conflict of interest. - Marta Martín Fernández declares no conflict of interest. - Carlos Dueñas declares no conflict of interest. - Esther Gómez-Sánchez declares no conflict of interest. - María Heredia-Rodríguez declares no conflict of interest. - Óscar Gorgojo-Galindo declares no conflict of interest. - Itziar Fernández declares no conflict of interest. - Lourdes del Río declares no conflict of interest. - Irene Carnicero-Frutos declares no conflict of interest. - María Fe Muñoz-Moreno declares no conflict of interest. - Eduardo Tamayo declares no conflict of interest. - David Bernardo declares no conflict of interest. - Pedro Martínez-Paz declares no conflict of interest.Ethics Approval Statement: The study was approved by the Hospital's Clinical Ethics Committee (CEIm) and approval was obtained from all study participants (cod: PI 20-1717).


. In this paper, characteristics of the interaction of an anion-exchange resin PPE-1 formed using phosphonic acid and granular polyvinyl chloride were investigated. In addition, a reaction order of 1.43 and an activation energy of 47.8 kJ/mol for phosphorylation were determined. The as-obtained polyampholyte was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis, and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Optimum conditions for obtaining a new polyampholyte that selectively adsorbs non-ferrous metal ions on the basis of granulated polyvinyl chloride were determined. Sorption isotherms for non-ferrous metal ions were constructed, which were reasonably explained by Langmuir isotherms. Various thermodynamic parameters, such as isobaric-isothermal potential (ΔG), enthalpy (ΔH), and entropy (ΔS), were calculated to understand the nature of sorption. The examined polyampholyte selectively absorbed copper(II) ions.


Summary. Three weeks after the onset of progressive obliteration of the left circumflex coronary artery a number of small arteriolar preexistent co]laterMs develop into small arteries. Acute focal lesions, localized in the central parts of the collateral, are described at the light microscopic and at the ultrastructural level. Partial necrosis of the mediM smooth muscle cells, leakage of bloodborne elements through gaps and breaks in the intima, and proliferative activity in neighboring parts of the injured zone are the most characteristic features in the early development. Zusammen/assung. Drei Wochen nach dem Beginn eines fortschreitenden Verschlusses des R. cireumflexus der linken Coronararterie entstehen aus kleinen schon bestehenden Kollateralgefligen yon der GrSBe yon Arteriolen kleine Arterien. Es werden liehtmikroskopische und ultrastrukturelle Studien der akuten fokalen Lesionen im Mittelstiick der KollaterMgefgge beschrieben. Typische Merkmale dieses friihen Entwieklungsstadiums sind: Nekrose zahlreicher glatter Muskelzellen der Media, Eindringen yon Blutzellen and Plasma dutch Liieken der Intima und Proliferation in der besehgdigten Zone benaehbarten Gebieten. Injury to arteries has been induced experimentally by a variety of physical (Still, 1967; Itoff and Gottlob, 1968; Cotran and Remensnyder, 1968; BjSrkerud, 1969) and ehemieM (Buck, 1962 ; Hoff and Gottlob, 1967 ; Gardner and Matthews, 1969) means. In their experiments on chronic occlusion of the left circumflex branch in canine hearts (Sehaper, 1967; Schaper, Schaper, Xhonneux and Vandesteene, 1969) the development of eollaterMs as early as 2-3 weeks after implantation of an ameroid constrictor was noted. Recently the morphology of the evolution of coronary anastomoses was studied at the ultrastructural level (Schaper, Borgers and Sehaper, 1970). Near the time the occlusion was completed severe alterations were observed in the newly developing collaterals caused by acute hemodynamic mechanical trauma. In the present study the evolution of the vascular injuries along the longitudinal axis of the collateral is reported, indicating the focal nature of the lesion and the involvement of the area surrounding the damaged zone.


The thermal decomposition kinetics of N,N′-dianilino-adipamide β-nucleating agent in air were studied based on thermogravimetric analysis,derivative thermogravimetric analysis and differential thermal analysis.The apparent activation energy of the thermal decomposition process for the title compound was calculated through analysis of its decomposition kinetics by Friedman and Flynn-Wall-Ozawa(FWO) equations,and its thermal decomposition mechanism was studied with Achar-Brindly-Sharp and Coats-Redfern equations.Moreover,the lifetime equation at 10% weight-loss of the title compound was deduced by isothermal thermogravimetric analysis.Results show that the title compound has an apparent activation energy of 138.66 kJ · mol-1,and its thermal decomposition mechanism follows Mample function.Namely,its kinetic equation can be expressed as G(α)= α3/2,and its lifetime equation is expressed as lnτ=-51.877 + 2.922 2×104/T while the reaction order is n=3/2.


If the question of theodicee is not simply to function as a highly abstract philosophical model of thought but at the same time to help to accomplish existential contingency, God's being God and the world's being world are to be thought together in an ontological complementary way. This approach may show clearly: God is not the almighty, but apathetic transcendent beholder, and his love is not arbitrarily interfering love. Here Tillich's answer to the problem of theodicee promises a mediating attempt towards a solution. In the fragmentary breakthrough of the kairos the God becoming revealed makes the self-estranged existence clear: In the Christ-event as the ontological principle of the New Being, the universal reconciliation of God and the world took place once and for all. The certainty, that the eschatological paradox of the » already « and » not-yet « implies the assurance that the accomplishment of reconciliation guarantees the future of redemption, renders possible for the Gestalt of grace - in the kairos-event of the breakthrough of revelation on behalf of the divine Being Itself in the creative subjectivity of acting human beings - not to abolish the evil as such, but to cope with the evil in concrete terms ever again on account of their becoming one with the ontological ground of being as a proleptic restitution of the universal unity up to the New Being. Thus they work in fragmentary anticipation of the consummate assimilation of the evil with the good: the essentification of existence in the eschaton.


Parking is one of the most common subjects of concern regularly raised with the Council, next to inappropriate speed. Our enquiry handling systems cannot currently break-down parking enquiries to a level of detail that would provide an analysis of the different types of parking concerns, however anecdotally there are probably more parking concerns received related to difficulties experienced by drivers than there are from pedestrians about obstruction. The types of concerns raised by drivers include finding appropriate parking spaces for vehicles within residential streets where demand quite often exceeds capacity, or where inappropriate parking by other drivers causes obstructions to vehicular access in narrower streets or where it blocks private driveway crossings of the footway. Concerns raised about double parking generally relate to obstructions to traffic and vehicular access rather than pedestrian obstruction.


A 'class' in the object-oriented paradigm represents both interface and implementation of the class. However, interface and implementation of a class are needed for different purposes, since class interface is shared among most users, while class implementation is used only by the implementers of the class. The authors introduce a new level of data abstraction, called the 'class-implementation level', which is based on separate management of interface and implementation of a class. They also describe a new model for OODBMS which provides users with the abstract view of the class implementation.


This study deals with the perspectives of teachers and students in secondary schools in Timor-Leste about classroom violence, which was the standard means of discipline in Timorese schools during the foreign dominations. This research tried to assess whether there have been changes in this matter. We did so by applying a survey to 200 students in 4 schools in urban areas. In the second stage, we discussed the results of the survey with 8 teachers (2 from each school, including the headmasters). This enabled the production of a picture of the current situation of classroom violence in Timor-Leste, hopefully providing insights on what still needs to be changed. The research used both quantitative and qualitative research methods, using questionnaires and interviews as means of data collection. The research was conducted in light of the theories and concepts of violence (Galtung, 2013), education and violence (Freire, 2000) and punishment, discipline and control in education (Foucault, 1977 & Dewey, 2004). The research found that violence still exists in Timor-Leste's schools with the purpose of disciplining and controlling as well as the means of imposing school rules and regulations. However, it was also found that having a person available at the school for students to report violence and having school regulations that forbid the use of violence are correlated with less violence.


This paper analyzes the performance of hydrodynamic journal bearings by applying the control-volume method to solve the average lubrication equation for grain flow. The grain characteristics, including the particle size and the grain-grain collision elasticity are investigated. The nondimensional load, attitude angle, friction coefficient, and side flow are explored for different eccentricity and diameter-to-width ratios. The numerical results provide an understanding of the performance of powder lubricated journal bearings and are consistent with the experimental findings of Heshmat and Brewe.


In order to support emerging applications such as machine learning, where large amounts of fast access memory are required, the use of 3D packaging is inevitable. Previous work on 3D packaging with advanced node logic has shown that the technology is ready for implementation. In this paper, GF and ASE have demonstrated a Die-to-Wafer (D2W) process using 50um thickness logic wafers as the base. The 3D package also includes integrated thermal structures for heat removal from the base logic die. The process flow will be reviewed in detail, and challenges that were faced and overcome will be discussed. Reliability performance of the 3D package will also be reported. In addition, extensive thermal modeling was completed to understand the impact of two competing solutions for heat removal, which will also be reviewed in detail.


ABSTRACT Estimation of relationships between inconstant factors can be helpful to calculate amounts of variation of a particular character with respect to others. In Eggplant (Solanum melongena L) this information could be used to improve fruit yield. Effects of agronomic and phenologic factors were studied by applying an artificial neural network (ANN) as a displaying instrument to determine how plant length; individual fruit weight, length, and width; number of fruit per plant; ratio of fruit length to fruit width; total yield; number of days to flowering; number of days to first harvest; canopy temperature; chlorophyll; and relative water content affected individual fruit weight of eggplant. There was a high accuracy obtained for the 7-4-1 ANN model based on these parameters (R2 = 93%; mean prediction error [MPE] = 2.01; mean square deviation [MSD] = 2.35). A sensitivity analysis was performed and the ratio of fruit length to fruit width, number of days to first harvest, and number of days to flowering had the greatest impact on individual fruit weight. The highest standard deviation was for total yield and individual fruit weight, respectively (308.8 and 67.5), and correlation coefficients were high between fruit weight and number of days to flowering (0.99**) and individual fruit weight and total yield (0.88**). Sensitivity analysis indicated that the ratio of fruit length to fruit width and fruit length have high and lesser effects on final individual fruit weight. Total yield is the main factor for producing change in individual fruit weight.


A novel one-step soft solution-processing route called the solvothermal-copolymerization technique was successfully developed for in situ fabrication of polystyrene (PS)/CdS nanocomposites embedded with CdS nanowires in ethylenediamine media at lower temperatures (80−140 °C). In this route, the polymerization of the monomers and the formation of the CdS nanocrystallites occur simultaneously in a certain temperature range. The results of X-ray powder diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy confirmed that the embedded CdS nanowires, with diameters of 4−15 nm and lengths up to several micrometers, have [001] preferential orientation. Both temperature and solvent were found to play a key role in the synthesis of the nanocomposites. The produced novel hybrid nanocomposites display obvious quantum size effects and interesting fluorescence features. The spectroscopic properties of the PS/CdS nanowire nanocomposites were found to be sensitive to syntheti...


Lumbar epidural steroid injections are commonly employed in the treatment of degenerative lumbar conditions. The procedure is generally accepted as safe, and few complications have been reported in the literature. An exceedingly rare complication of epidural steroid injection is a spinal epidural hematoma. Although millions of epidural steroid injections have been completed since 19601-3, to our knowledge, there have been no more than fifteen reported cases of epidural hematoma related to epidural steroid injections4-16. A review of these reports reveals that nearly all of the patients involved were taking anticoagulants near the time of injection. In October 2010, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved the use of a novel anticoagulant called dabigatran (Pradaxa; Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Ridgefield, Connecticut) for the prevention of stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation. In Europe and Canada, the drug also has been approved for the prevention of thromboembolism in patients undergoing total joint arthroplasty.

Dabigatran has experienced a rapid increase in popularity in the orthopaedic community because it has several benefits over enoxaparin and warfarin. Unlike enoxaparin, dabigatran is administered orally. Unlike warfarin, dabigatran has minimal monitoring requirements and few drug-drug and drug-food interactions, and it becomes therapeutic within hours instead of days17.

Currently, to the best of our knowledge, there are no known cases in the literature of dabigatran-associated complications after epidural steroid injections. Recent clinical trials involving over 20,000 patients treated with dabigatran did not identify a single case of spinal epidural hematoma17,18. The patient was informed that data concerning the case would be submitted for publicaton, and he provided consent.

### History

A seventy-year-old man presented with ongoing symptoms of lower back pain and bilateral leg pain for four months. Neurological examination revealed full motor strength in the …


The least semilattice congruence on a semigroup is studied and a description of is obtained. is described further by introducing the concept of completely semiprime ideals and fillters.


Vassilopoulou discusses Plotinus' educational practice as it may be reconstructed from his biography and texts. She concentrates on Plotinus' views on the role of women manifested in his revision of traditional metaphors that accentuate women's dependent status, the overall significance of the employment of metaphors within a philosophical context, and the ensuing conception of dialectic and rationality. Her analysis indicates that Plotinus' practice of teaching and learning philosophy reflects contemporary feminist values. Her claim is that a reading of Plotinus from a feminist perspective has much to contribute to contemporary debates raised in the context of feminist pedagogy and theory.


Summary The record of the global atmospheric fallout could be found in the lake sediments. A mass balance for fallout radionuclides in Blelham Tarn and its catchment is established. The sediment activity contribution is coming from direct atmospheric fallout and from indirect atmospheric fallout via the catchment. The catchement activity is conveyed to the sediment by the rivers and the direct streaming. A comparison of the fallout and the sediment inventory allows the activity estimation of these different contributions and to understand the mobility of these elements on the catchment and in the sediments. The study of activity profile in sediment core allows to characterise the different radioactive events occurred in the past. For the lake Blelham, the results show two cesium activity peaks and only one peak for transuranic activities. The deepest peaks correspond to the atmospheric nuclear test fallout in the sixties (1963) and the second peak to the Chernobyl accident (1986). The activity ratio 239-240Pu/ 137Cs allows estimating the ratio between cesium activities in sediments coming from these two events. Plutonium and cesium diffusion coefficients are calculated with a simple analytical model.