The article is based on the author's research of documents and materials of the UYA Board, conducted during his scholarly internship in the UK. The materials belong to the library of the Association of Ukrainians in Great Britain in London and the archives which exclusively store complete files of such periodicals as Holos Molodi, Avanhard, Ukrainska Dumka, and Vyzvolnyi Shliakh, which were also studied. In the ongoing scientific debate over the assumption whether the Ukrainian Youth Association was a project of the Soviet secret services formed to identify and eliminate the nationally conscious part of the Ukrainian society in the 1920s and early 1930s, or the hypothesis that it was backed up by real organizers and cases, the author belongs to the group of researchers that share the second point of view. Modus operandi of this organization was as follows: it was founded in Kyiv on the basis of the First Shevchenko Kyiv Labor School in late 1925 as an alternative to the Moscow organization of the Communist Komsomol. Mykola Pavlushkov became the founder and first head of UYA. In 1929, UYA was exposed by the punitive Soviet authorities as an "underground counterrevolutionary organization". In 1946, the organization resumed its activity in Germany, in the camps of American-funded forced refugees from Eastern Europe. The first volume of the organization's main publication was released in Munich in December 1946. In December 1949, Holos Molodi magazine was founded in London. The active book publishing movement of this organization begins there. The author's attention is focused on the analysis of printed materials produced by this organization and not fully available today in Ukraine. They include a number of small-print cyclic publications issued in Munich and London, as well as Avanhard and Holos Molodi monthlies, and the thematic page of the UK regional branch of UYA in the London newspaper Ukrainska Dumka. According to the thematic principle, the following main subjects of the publications are analyzed: propaganda of the ideas of belligerent Ukraine in the non-Bolshevik democratic world; protection and continuation of the Ukrainian Insurgent Army's deeds and those of fallen heroes of Ukrainian national liberation struggles of all times; assimilation of foreign experience in all spheres of life and state-building for its further use in Ukraine liberated from Bolsheviks.


The figure of the Great Mechanic is associated with the Enlightenment and deism. German romanticists, who dreamt of creating an ideal world based on the principle of romantic irony, gave it new life in utopian discourse in the 19 th – 20 th centuries. E. Hoffmann transformed the archetype of the Great Mechanic and determined the main lines of its development. Demiurgic ambitions of the "skillful watchmaker" were reflected in the deeds of the Benefactor (E. Zamyatin), Tuskub (A. Tolstoy) and Big Brother (G. Orwell). An archetypical affinity of these images suggests genetic links with utopia of a living person. The object is the archetype of the Great Mechanic in utopian discourse in the 19 th – 20 th centuries. The purpose is to determine the peculiarities of the basic archetype in the texts by E. Zamyatin, A. Tolstoy and G. Orwell. The tasks are: to determine a demiurgic component in E. Hoffmann's pretext; to analyse archetypical elements in the images of the Benefactor, Tuskub and Big Brother; to correlate the results in order to determine conceptually significant connections; to determine certain system peculiarities of utopian discourse in the 19 th – 20 th centuries. The methodology suggests the complex usage of techniques of comparative analysis. So, utopian discourse of the 19th – 20th centuries is an organic whole, determined by unity of archetypical bases. The archetype of the Great Mechanic played one of the main roles. The results and methodology can be used in interdisciplinary research into the problem of interaction between cultural phenomena.


The present article proposes an Improved Interval Fast Decoupled Power Flow (IIFDPF) algorithm to provide the load flow. The solution is achieved by the modelling of the load and generator bus data with consideration of uncertainties due to measurement error. Interval Arithmetic based techniques are adopted contextually to deal the bus data with the uncertainty in Interval Improved Fast De-coupled Power flow (IIFDPF) algorithm that leads to solve the Interval power flow method. The initial nonlinear model is solved by using Interval Newton method and two sets of linear Interval equations i.e., the decoupled P and Q equations. Based upon different strategies of updating the voltage angle and the bus voltage in each iteration, the strategic solution is obtained by saving computing time with faster convergence. The IIFDPF algorithm is validated with the available IEEE standard test data. Keywords—Uncertainty, Power flow, Interval arithmetic, Interval Improved Fast Decoupled, Interval Newton's method.


The mental lexicon comprises the representations of various words either in a morphologically decomposed form, or in a conceptually non-decomposed form. The durations of monomorphemic and multimorphemic words are assumed to contain information on the routes of their lexical access. The durations of Hungarian nouns with various lengths produced spontaneously by 10 young and 10 elderly speakers (with 55 years of difference between them) were measured. Findings showed significant differences depending on the words' complexity and on age. The nouns both with and without suffixes were significantly longer in old than in young speakers. The durational differences depending on age were more pronounced in monomorphemic nouns as opposed to multimorphemic nouns. Along with the increasing number of syllables of the nouns, old speakers produced increasingly longer simple nouns (stems) than young ones did. We suggest that multimorphemic nouns are accessed decompositionally in spontaneous utterances when the stem activation is followed by the activation of the suffixes. The specific storage and the corresponding lexical access of the morphemes explain the longer durations of the inflected nouns.


This paper reports the first demonstration of hydrogel atomic force microscope (AFM) tip attachment to quartz tuning forks (QTFs) by using elastomeric tip molds replicated from an electrochemically etched tungsten wire. The tungsten tip of ∼20 nm radius obtained by time-controlled electrochemical etching is replicated with h-polydimethylsiloxane (h-PDMS) to make negative conical tip molds large enough to be used for QTFs. Using the h-PDMS tip molds, a polyethyleneglycol-diacrylate (PEG-DA) tip is attached to various facets of QTFs without using an adhesive. In addition, we have shown that hydrogel tip can be regenerated multiple times to address issues associated with tip wear.


Objective: To investigate the effects and clinical significance of CO2 pneumoperitoneum pressure during laparoscopic radical resection of rectal carcinoma and length of accessorial incision of abdominal wall on plasma levels of vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF).Methods: The study included 88 cases of radical resection of rectal carcinoma,there were 21 cases in long abdominal wall incision and high pressure group(LR-1),30 cases in short abdominal wall incision and low pressure group(LR-2) and 37 cases in open rectal surgery group(OR).Enzyme-linked immunohistochemistry was conducted to detect the level of VEGF of the three groups before and after operation in different periods,the level of VEGF were compared between groups in the same period and in a group at different periods.Results: There was significant difference between LR group and OR group,and between LR-1 group and LR-2 group on average length of incision of abdominal wall(P 0.05).The level of VEGF of the three groups was increased significantly after operation.There was no significant difference among the three groups before operation and the first day after operation(P 0.05).There was significant difference between OR group and LR group in the same period of time from the third day after operation(P 0.05),whereas there was no significant difference between the two LR groups(P 0.05).There was significant difference in the two LR groups between one day before and the seventh day after operation(P 0.05),whereas there was significant difference at the first day,third day and the seventh day after operation in the OR group compared with preoperative data(P 0.05).Conclusions: The expression of VEGF increases after LR and OR,and the level of VEGF in patients who underwent LR is lower than those of OR.There is no significant difference on the level of VEGF in the long or short abdominal wall incision and high or low pressure group(P 0.05),and the laparoscopic radical resection of rectal carcinoma is as safe as the traditional open surgery and feasible.


In the present study, smooth, unceasing, hydrogen-free, and pure nickel metal nanofibers have been synthesized using the electrospinning technique. A sol−gel consisting of nickel acetate tetrahydrate and poly(vinyl alcohol) has been electrospun, and the obtained nanofiber mats were vacuously dried and then calcined in argon atmosphere at 700 °C. The invoked physiochemical characterization instruments assured formation of pure nickel nanofibers with an average diameter of 120 nm after the calcination process. The electrospun nickel nanofibers have revealed unique magnetic properties, with much enhanced coercivities relative to bulk materials. The outstanding features of this approach to get one-dimensional magnetic nanostructure are its simplicity, effectiveness, safety, and ease of assembly.


Carbon dioxide concentration of indoor spaces can be very high if there is not proper ventilation. High concentration of carbon dioxide is known to cause headache, sleepiness, languor, and lower concentration. Though ventilation is one of the easiest ways to control carbon dioxide concentration, it is not applicable when the outdoor air is polluted by various pollutants. In this study, carbon dioxide adsorbent using potassium carbonate was prepared, and its adsorption performance was extensively investigated. The repetitive use performance of this adsorbent was also studied by repeating adsorption-desorption cycle.


Student loans schemes have developed rapidly alongside China's move towards mass higher education. In this paper, the main features of the existing four types of student loan schemes are compared. In particular, the providers of principal loan, borrower eligibility, loan size, loan origination, interest subsidy, risk‐sharing, repayment conditions and loan collection are examined. The authors of this article will then predict the problems and challenges confronting the reform of the student loans system in China and suggest that the feasible option for the future is to allow for the co‐existence and competition of a variety of student loans schemes and to explore more mature student loans schemes through institutional innovations.


Diabetic retinopathy(DR) is one of the most common and serious complications of diabetes.Through the study of ancient medicals and based on many years of clinical experiences,Professor GAO Yan-bin infers that DR is particularly closely related to the liver and kidney.Using these two organs as the theoretical foundation,the root of eye diseases can be grasped.The theory of collateral disease coincides and is responsible throughout the whole process of DR.Using syndrome differentiation,he holds the idea that with deficiency as the basic pattern and excess as the syndrome,the main reason for DR is qi,blood,yin and yang deficiency,while blood stagnation in the eye meridian is pathogen,The rules of treatment are tonifying qi and enriching yin,supplementing and nourishing liver and kidney,removing blood stasis and promoting circulation.By combining overall symptoms with fundus changes,together with dynamic differentiation and flexible treatment,satisfactory results have been obtained in clinical practice.


Memory product is an essential component for all microcontroller and microprocessor system. The high demand towards memory product has tremendously promoted the development of various types of memory product in the market such as the EPROM, EEPROM, and NVRAM. All these memory products require a programming stage in order to be used in the microprocessor and microcontroller system. The programming stage involves the storage of object file codes onto the memory devices using a memory programmer and these codes can be retrieved and read by the microprocessor and microcontroller during its operation. Therefore, memory programmer is a crucially important device for all microprocessor and microcontroller users. However, most memory programmers are limited to program non volatile ROM such as PROM, EPROM and EEPROM only. Thus, NVRAM users need to develop their own programming coding to program NVRAM. This, undoubtedly, is a setback to potential NVRAM users. For this reason, a universal memory programmer is designed to support various types of memory products including the fast emerging NVRAM. In addition, the programmer can support various object file loading to support a wide range of microprocessor system available in the market. As a result, the MC68HC11 microcontroller based universal memory programmer (UMP11) can provide an all-in-one solution to the users for the programming of their memory products.


Objective To observe the effects of myriocin(ISP-1) on improvement of glomerular messangial cell(GMC) apoptosis and on gene expression profiles of cell cycle regulatory proteins in GMC.Methods Rat GMC was cultured with 100 μmol/L ISP-1 for 6,12,24,and 48 h,apoptosis was evaluated through flow cytometry,Hoechst33258/PI fluorescence stainig and DNA fragmentation analysis was carried out under Sepharose electrophoresis to observe the changes of apoptosis and DNA fragmentation.Gene expression profiles of cell cycle regulatory proteins were detected by SuperArray Real-Time PCR microarray analysis.The expression of Bax and Bcl-2 proteins was investigated by Western blotting.Results ISP-1 could significantly induce GMC apoptosis in a time-dependent manner,which was the most significant after 48 h.Apoptosis bodys of GMC were observed by Hoechst/PI fluorescence staining,and a typical ladder pattern was identified in DNA electrophoresis.SuperArray Real-Time PCR microarray analysis revealed that ISP-1 could up-regulate the expression of genes involved in DNA damage,apoptosis and cell cycle regulation,such as Rad51,Atm,Brcal,caspases,cyclinA2,cyclinC,chek1,cyclinB1,cyclinB2,cyclinD2,cyclinF,Cdc25a,and P27.Western blotting showed that ISP-1 could significantly up-regulate Bax protein expression and down-regulate Bcl-2 protein expression,respectively.ConclusionISP-1 could induce GMC apoptosis in a time-dependent manner,propabably through influencing gene expression of cell cycle regulatory proteins and apoptosis proteins.


The CAMP tholeiitic magmatism in Brazil (mean 40 Ar/ 39 Ar age of 199.0±2.4 Ma) occurs on the continental margin to ca. 2,000 km into the South American platform, near the boundary between the ancient terrains of the Amazonia craton and Proterozoic/Brazilian-cycle related mobile belts. Geological evidence indicates that this magmatism was preceded, in Permo-Triassic times, by continental sedimentation, indicating a possible regional uplift. The Brazilian CAMP tholeiites are generally evolved and characterized by a low TiO 2 concentration (less than 2 wt%). The Cassipore dykes, which are usually high in TiO 2 (more than 2wt%) are an exception. The Cassipore low- and high-TiO 2 basalts are characterized by a positive Nb anomaly and Sr-Nd isotopes that are parallel to typical mantle array. Except for one sample, all the other Brazilian CAMP tholeiites that are low in TiO 2 , show Sr-Nd isotopes trending towards crustal components. The latter isotopic characteristics could be related to crustal recycling ancient (Middle-Late Proterozoic) subductions, and/or low-pressure crustal interaction. All the Brazilian CAMP tholeiites show a decoupling between their Sr-Nd isotopic composition and Rb/Sr and Sm/Nd values, suggesting mantle metasomatism, and/or subduction-related crustal interaction before mantle melting. Notably, the chemical data show that tholeiites from specific Brazilian regions are related to mantle sources that reflect compositional mantle heterogeneity, including the lower mantle of the lithospheric thermal boundary layer. In general, paleomagnetic poles for CAMP rocks from South America, Africa and North America match an age of ca. 200 Ma, but also show a distribution pattern trending to younger ages (e.g. 190 Ma), especially for the South American poles relative to the CAMP magmatism of the continental edge. The Brazilian CAMP magmatism cannot be easily explained through plume head (active) models, being instead consistent with mantle geodynamic processes where the unstable buoyancy of the Pangea supercontinent played an essential role to approach isostatic stabilization. Therefore, it is proposed that the Brazilian CAMP magmatism was related to hot upper mantle incubation under thick continental lithosphere, and to edge-driven convection between lithospheric domains with different thickness.


In a work of detection based on a lifetime of research, a co-author of "The Dead Sea Scrolls Uncovered" identifies the "missing link" between Judaism and early Christianity as James the Just, the brother of Jesus. Professor Eisenman argues that, as the leader of all opposition groups in Jerusalem, James - a figure almost entirely marginalized in the New Testament - was the heir to Jesus and the true successor in Palestine to the movement we now call Christianity.


rosurgical condition that has a poor natural history. With an inhospital mortality of 16.7%, 1-year mortality of 32%, and only 21.1% of admitted patients returning home, cSDH remains a disabling and deadly disease. The incidence of cSDH greatly increases with age, with some estimates being as high as 18 per 100,000 individuals between the ages of 71 and 80 years. With an aging population and increased use of antiplatelet and anticoagulation medications, the incidence of cSDH is expected to exceed 60,000 new cases per year by the year 2030. Management strategies for cSDH vary widely and are subject to provider and institutional preferences. Traditional management avenues for cSDH have involved conservative management and open surgery. Conservative management has included observation, the use of corticosteroids, statins, osmotically active agents, platelet-activating factor inhibitors, and plasminogen activator inhibitors. Statins, in particular, have been demonstrated to be beneficial for patients with cSDH in recent randomized clinical trials. Surgical management includes options such as twist drill craniostomy at the bedside and open surgical drainage via burr holes or formal craniotomy. In a randomized clinical trial performed in 2009, the use of drains after burr hole drainage was associated with reduced recurrence and mortality at 6 months, thereby justifying the use of drains after burr hole drainage of cSDH. In general, patients who are asymptomatic or have minor symptoms with smaller hematoma volumes typically warrant conservative management, whereas patients with more severe symptoms and larger hematoma volumes require operative intervention. The success rate of each method in resolving the hematoma is variable, although surgical intervention is generally favorable in this regard and offers the advantage of an immediate decompressive effect. However, the recurrence rate of cSDH even after surgical evacuation is variable and may be as high as 37% by some estimates.


A case analysis of training for managers using two published videos, a teamwork video and a leadership video is presented. The videos are described briefly and the approach to using them is outlined.


PURPOSE: To provide a connecting circuit to effectively transmit an image and character information with a computer provided with an RS232C interface. CONSTITUTION: This connecting circuit is provided with a control and memory means 11 to execute motion control of a facsimile, an address decoding means 12 which is linked with the memory means 11 through an address bus, for selecting and enabling the corresponding output terminal according to an inputted address, a modulating/demodulating means to request an interrupt by the memory means 11, when image information is received from a channel side and to be driven by a first chip selecting signal of the address decoding means 12 and a general purpose asynchronous-type receiving/transmitting means 51 one end of which is linked with the memory means 11 through data bus, the other end of which is connected with the RS232C, to request the interrupt by the memory means 11, when the image and character information is transmitted and received with the computer side and to be driven by the selecting signal of a second signal from the address decoder 12.


The clinical observation of a 74 year old male presenting isolated Wernicke's aphasia due to a temporal left infarction of cardiac embolic origin secondary to paroxysmal auricular flutter is described. Transthoracic and transesophageal echocardiography, computerized tomography and magnetic resonance provided characteristic images which permitted the establishment of the diagnosis of lipomatous hypertrophy of the interauricular septum without requiring the use of invasive techniques. Lipomatous hypertrophy of the interauricular septum is a cardiac tumor of unusual presentation constituted of an abnormal accumulation of non-encapsulated fatty tissue which occupies a thickness greater than 15 mm of the interauricular septum. Wernicke's aphasia as a form of presentation of the lipomatous hypertrophy of the interauricular septum has not previously been described in the literature.


Starting from an expression for the Gibbs energy derived previously for a monolayer consisting of a single amphiphilic component present in the (LE/LC) coexistence region, the general thermodynamic criteria for internal equilibrium are derived. It is assumed that the solid phase is present as a dispersion of equally sized circular islands. The assumption of isodispersity is justified by the results of an earlier study. The necessary and sufficient conditions for stability of the equilibria are formulated within the constraints imposed by the model. All of these are stated in a general form, independent of the specific analytical expressions for the various thermodynamic quantities. It is pointed out that a more or less complete analysis will only be possible once an explicit expression for the line tension and an equation of state for a 2D fluid of rigid disks with smeared-out dipole moment become available. The latter would allow the calculation of the free energy of mixing, Gmix, as well as the formulat...


In order to enhance motor torque performance of existing two-phase 8/10 E-Core SRM, an improved modular permanent magnet (PM)-assisted Switched Reluctance Motor (SRM) structure is presented. Firstly, basic structure and operation principle of the proposed structure are introduced. To further evaluate performance improvement, effects of various parameters on the design such as inductance, flux-linkage, average torque and cogging torque are compressively investigated by finite element method (FEM) software subsequently. In the meantime, comparisons with other two-phase SRM structures are also performed including average torque, torque/PM volume, torque/ motor volume, torque/current, etc. Finally, a prototype is fabricated, and simulation and experimental results verify that the proposed design has high torque performance.


We have examined the effect of a strain of Banana streak virus (BSV-Cav) on the growth and yield of dessert bananas (Musa AAA group, Cavendish subgroup cv. Williams) in north Queensland, Australia. Healthy and infected plants were compared in a replicated field experiment over plant and first ratoon crops. In both crops, symptom expression followed a similar pattern, increasing to a maximum near the estimated time of bunch initiation, then decreasing in the period prior to bunch emergence. There was no evidence of plant-to-plant spread of virus, but the rate of transmission through suckers was 100%. In the plant crop, the mean bunch weights of healthy and infected plants were not significantly different. However, BSV-Cav infection resulted in an 18 day delay in harvest, causing a 6% reduction in yield per annum. In the ratoon crop, the mean bunch weight of infected plants was 7% less than that of healthy plants, and the interval between the harvest of plant and ratoon crops was delayed by 9 days, resulting in a 11% reduction in yield per annum. Also, the mean length of fruit from infected plants was 5% less than that of healthy plants, resulting in a smaller percentage of fruit in the extra large size category. We conclude that in horticulturally favourable conditions typical of the tropical Australian banana industry, the effects of BSV-Cav infection on the growth and yield of Cavendish bananas are small.


Abstract A novel, convenient and selective procedure of oxidizing sulfides to sulfoxides with 30% aqueous H2O2 in 3-fluorophenol at room temperature was described. The procedure was very simple and no strict conditions were required for the selective conversion. The reaction was finished within 20 min and the yield was excellent. The specific role of the solvent in the selectivity was also exhibited.


During the entire period of volcanism in Siberia the biota was diverse. Dominants among the plants are Acrostichides, Boreopteris, Cladophlebis, Cordaites, Dzergalanella, Elatocladus, Lepidopteris, Madygenia, Maria, Mertensides, Neocalamites, Osmundopsis, Paracalamites (?), Parajacutiella (?), Pecopteris, Phyllotheca, Pleuromeia, Pursongia, Quadrocladus, Rhipidopsis, Todites, Tomia, Tomiostrobus, Voltzia (?), Yavorskyia. Within the Conchostraca the dominants were Bipemphigus, Echinolimnadia, Falsisca, Limnadia. Neither the beginning of trap volcanism (Vishkilian), nor the increase of tuffs eruptions (Lebedev time), nor increasing lava effusions by reducing the ejection of tuffs (Hungtukun time), nor complete replacement of the tuffs eruptions by lavas (Putorana time) result in an reduction of the biotic diversity in the volcanic area. On the contrary, the diversity was steadily growing. In the Induan (Otoceras boreale phase) the diversity decreased, but it was outside the volcanic plateau. The biotic crisis by the model of A.S. Alekseev on the volcanic plateau is absent. Therefore, a direct link in the changes in biota at the Permian-Triassic boundary and volcanism is unlikely.


Measurements from three instrumented bridges in different parts of the United States were used to assess seasonal and diurnal behavior of concrete box-girder bridges. Effective bridge temperatures were used to evaluate seasonal thermal changes in bridges. Effective bridge temperature is defined as the temperature that governs longitudinal bridge movements. The effective bridge temperatures followed the same seasonal fluctuation as monthly average air temperature at the bridge site. Measured temperature differentials from top to bottom slabs for the three box-girder bridges were between +20ousF and -10ousF (+11.1ousC and -5.6ousC) regardless of geographic location. Temperature differentials were calculated by subtracting temperatures of the bottom slab from those of the top slab. Diurnal behavior of one bridge was continuously monitored for 24 hours during each of the four seasons. Longitudinal strains and temperatures were used to evaluate effects of nonlinear temperature gradient on bridge behavior. Internal thermal stresses at the instrumented bridge sections are reported.


Applying the unascertained comprehensive evaluation method and Markov forecast to the water quality evaluation, it overcomes not only the uncertainty and randomness in the water quality system, but also the randomness of weight determination, because it uses the attribute hierarchical method to determine weight of every pollution factor objectively. Then, through the monitoring data calculation of south Fei River in the city of Hefei in 1997–2004, it shows not only the forecast model is accurate, but also the result is scientific and reasonable, because of the application of unascertained mathematics method. The application example shows that this model obtains satisfactory results, and provides a way of water quality forecast.


The microstructural equations describing processes of recrystallization and grain growth are implemented in the FORGE2* commercial program first. Then, the calculations of the grain size distribution on the cross section of the axisymmetrical forging are performed. Finally, the influence of the shape of the preform die on the microstructure of the final product is investigated.


study of the four major Noir Marron communities. The authors analysed genome-wide SNP data (around five million SNPs) of 107 African-descendants (71 Noir Marron from French Guiana and Suriname: 23 Alukus, 23 Ndjukas, 19 Saramakas, and 6 Paramakas; 16 African-Brazilians from Rio de Janeiro; and 20 African-Colombians the Chòco and Antioquia departments in Colombia). The authors compared their African genomic diversity with genome-wide SNP data of 124 individuals from West Africa (Benin, Ivory Coast, and Mali) analysed for the first time in that study, and genomic data of 2,054 African individuals obtained from previous studies.


Umezawa and others (1953) found that the cultured broth of a streptomyces resembling S. erythrochrorno genes was destructive to Yoshida sarcoma cells of rat and inhibited the mitosis of the cells, then they extracted the active substance and designated it as sarkomycin. They also found that sarkomycin inhibited the increase of tumorous ascites in mice and prolonged the survival period of mice bearing Ehrlich ascitic carcinoma or ascitic sarcoma 180. Afterward, sarkomycin was found to comprise sarkomycin A, A•Œ and B through counter current distribution with chloroform-tartarate buffer system and the A was found to be principal component of sarkomycin. Takeuchi (1954) observed the reduction of bacteriostatic effect and toxicity of sarkomycin by sulfhydryl compounds. Sarkomycin has a tendency to polymerise readily to lose the activity ; Maeda and Kondo (1958) observed the transformation of sarkomycin into inactive crystal Z under the presence of formic acid. Searching for a stable sample, Hara and others (1956) obtained sarkomycinINAH, a condensation product with isonicotinic acid hydrazide. Tatsuoka and others (1956) found that sarkomycin reacted with hydrogen sulfide to give sarkomycin S1. On the other hand, since the determination of the structure of sarkomycin A by Hooper and others 1955), syntheses of sarkomycin derivatives have been also investigated. The present author concluded in the previous study (Nitta, 1957b) that the tissue culture of HeLa cells may be available for the study of antitumor substances. Then, the author tested sarkomycin A, A' and B for the anti-HeLa activity, and in consideration of the instability of sarkomycin he examined the effect of the renewal of the sarkomycin in the medium. The author also investigated the influence of sulfhydryl compounds on anti-HeLa effect of sarkomycin. Furthermore, he tested sarkomycin derivatives for the inhibitory activity to growing HeLa cells. The results are described in this paper.


Sequence analysis of a portion of the Streptomyces peucetius daunorubicin biosynthetic gene cluster revealed a complete open reading frame (dnrK) that showed DNA and protein sequence homology to several O-methyltransferases. Expression of dnrK in Streptomyces lividans and Escherichia coli was done to show that this gene codes for carminomycin 4-O-methyltransferase. The deduced carminomycin 4-O-methyltransferase protein shows a conserved nucleotide binding site for its S-adenosyl-L-methionine cofactor. The antitumor anthracycline antibiotic daunorubicin was independently discovered by scientists at Rhone-Poulenc (7) and Farmitalia (10) in 1963. Doxorubicin, a C-14-hydroxy- lated derivative of daunorubicin, was discovered 6 years later (1). Although daunorubicin and especially doxorubicin are widely used for cancer chemotherapy, they are cardio- toxic, making their long-term use undesirable (23). The development of novel derivatives of the daunorubicin type of antibiotics has been pursued with the intention of increasing their spectrum of antitumor activity and reducing their cardiotoxicity. Recent progress in Streptomyces genetics has opened a new avenue to accomplish this through the technique of hybrid antibiotic production (11, 16, 17, 27). This strategy requires a good understanding of the organization and func- tion of secondary metabolism genes.


Abstract : A study was made on the transmission and decay of pulses produced by impact in a very coarse-grained leucogranite, a fine-grained spessartite, and a finegrained to aphanitic basalt. For most tests, ballistically suspended Hopkinson bars of these rock materials, 0.845 inches in diameter and 18 inches long, were subjected to longitudinal impact by 1/2-inch-diameter hardened steel spheres at an initial velocity of 3,250 = 1.5% ips. Strain gages attached to the specimens at various stations recorded the shape and velocity of propagation of the resultant wave in the rock rod. Similar experiments were performed on an aluminum alloy rod of identical size to assess the magnitude of the dispersion resulting from the three-dimensional character of the rod. The nature of the pulse transformation during passage permits an assessment of the validity of various models proposed for geologic substances in the field of seismology. Static tests on virgin and shocked rods were generally found to agree with predicted effects of stress wave passage on the rock structure. These effects include compressivestrength loss in the impact end and tensile-strength loss in the distal end as the result of oriented fractures and a general lowering of the static Young's modulus.


Objective: To explore for blood dialysis liquid system applicable to acute renal failure (ARF) in children. Methods: Carbonic acid hydrogen salt dialysate without sugar was prepared for the child inpatients in our hospital with their kidney function crocked up. Result: The patients with ARF, after dialysis, showed a decrease their blood BUN and Cr. At the same time, the sour poisoning and the electrolyte mess got rectified or improved. Conclusion: The product for the ARF has an accurate curative effect, worthy of clinic expansion.


A critical factor in close-range photogrammetry is the availability of appropriate camera systems. Currently available photogrammetric cameras (single cameras and stereometric cameras), although extremely well suited for numerous applications, do not meet the wide variety of requirements of applications (and potential applications) in an increasing number of engineering and scientific fields. Results of experimental research conducted in centers throughout the world indicate that, through the use of appropriate procedures and techniques, one can achieve with non-metric cameras essentially the same order of accuracy obtained with close-range photogrammetric cameras. As a result, non-metric cameras are starting to gain acceptance as data acquisition tools in numerous engineering and scientific application of photogrammetry. This paper gives an overview of the photogrammetric potentials of non-metric cameras, discusses the results achieved with small-format (70mm and 35mm) camera systems in a number of projects, and refers to the data-reduction procedures and techniques used. The impact of opening the door for the use of non-metric cameras in photogrammetric work is discussed.


Today, organizations realize that people are the only real assets that provide them the competitive advantage in this dynamic business environment. The younger generation or the Gen Y is set to replace the older generation and for organizations it is challenging to manage a multi-generational workforce in this transitional phase. Young management graduates are also an important source of recruitment for organizations to fill entry level positions. These new entrants into the workforce come with expectations and characteristics distinct from the previous generations. Organizations aspiring to tap this talented workforce realize that they have to understand Gen Y's job aspirations and their perceived importance of job and organizational attributes, so that they can suitably promote their organization as a good place to work. An understanding of their expectations will help organizations develop strategies to attract and retain right talent from this promising applicant pool. This paper aims to explore the influence of the perceived importance level of Job and Organizational Attributes on Job Pursuit Intention of management students in India. In addition, differences among the male and female student segments in perceived importance level of the job and organizational attributes is also explored. Job and Organizational Attributes exhibited significant effects on Job Pursuit Intention. The factors "Job benefits" and "Challenging work" emerged as the most predominant predictor of Job pursuit Intention of management students. Further, individuals were more likely to pursue jobs in organizations which offered "Challenging work" and attractive "Job Benefits". No significant gender differences in the study variables were observed.


A case of success up until the 1990s, the Portuguese economy entered into a boom and a long slump with the adoption of the Euro. Entering with an overvalued exchange rate the country required an adjustment process based on deflation and productivity expansion. However, policies undertaken emphasized the expansion of Public Administration and inefficient infrastructure. As a result, the country has built up a large public sector and external debt. These explanations contrast with interpretations in the literature and exposed by national and international organizations. The Portuguese case also illustrates major weaknesses in Public Sector accounting and the analysis of macroeconomic impact of government decisions, since they do not take into account off-balance sheet items and the enlarged Public Sector. Moreover, it shows weaknesses in the solvability ratio of banks, prescribed by regulation, with a large incentive to allocate credit to public securities or government guaranteed loans. In conjunction with the preference of central banks to use that paper for financing commercial banks, it feeds deficits and build-up of public debt. We argue that reforms are required at global level to monitor and avoid the negative impact of those policies.


The authors describe an uncommon localization of fibromuscular dysplasia in the superficial femoral artery. The treatment consisted in surgical resection of the lesion. The follow-up showed extension of the disease. Review of the literature.


Although the Vorlage of the LXX cannot be reconstructed as a whole, many of its details can be reconstructed /1/, and hence much can be learned about this Hebrew text. The nature of this tex' differs from book to book, in part due to coincidence and in part because the translations were made at different times, and possibl2 also in different places, reflecting different stages of the development of the Hebrew Bible.


Objective: This study was conducted to study the effect of four different treatment methods on the muscular activity of masseter and temporalis muscles of patients with temporomandibular disc displacement with reduction. Subjects and methods: Total 100 patients were selected. The selected patients were 64 females and 36 males with mean age about 31 years. The selected patients were divided equally into four groups: patients in group I were treated with behavioral therapy; patients of group II had a low-level laser therapy; patients of group III received anterior repositioning splints; patients of group IV received a flat plane splints. Activities of masseter and temporalis muscles were evaluated using surface electromyography (EMG). Statistical analysis was done using one-way ANOVA test for comparison between groups. Within each group, comparison between baseline and after treatment was done using paired t-test (p<0.05). Results : All groups showed significant increase in the muscular activity after 6 months of treatment except behavioral therapy group. The flat splint showed the highest value, and the behavioral therapy group showed the lowest value. Conclusion : Treatment with occlusal splints significantly increased the masticatory muscles activity, and the other lines of treatment can be considered as an adjunctive therapy.


Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) deal with the major issue of energy limitation in their deployments. In this paper, we presents a data flow routing under various attacks in WSN. It also presents energy optimization scheme under clustering of nodes. The main attacks covered here are misdirection attack, worm hole attack and flooding attack etc. Sensor nodes are disposed to to failure due to energy reduction and their placement in an uncontrolled or even antagonistic environment. Simulation results will establish that the improved proposed scheme performs well in the above situation and increase the attack handling accuracy by using the new approach and reduce energy consumption. It also shows that proposed scheme improves the throughput value. The projected mechanism is implemented with MATLAB


The main task of modern design is to create new consumer values through the renewal of the subject-process environment. Thanks to system integratedness, design solutions are considered in a strategic perspective, ensuring the achievement of long-term goals of the innovative development of enterprise. The article is aimed at defining the essence and considering the features of integrated design solutions in the modern mechanism for implementing the product innovation policy. The article considers the essence of product innovation policy as an economic category and its place in the overall system of innovative development of an enterprise. It is proved that owing to the high integration of design into innovation processes, enterprises receive a wide range of benefits, in particular, in terms of customer satisfaction, market position of the company and financial-economic results of the introduction of innovative products. The article describes the essence and evaluates the importance of design, details the structure of the design solutions program – a practical form of system design implementation that combines the aesthetic and artistic, socio-cultural and technological conceptions of a complex innovative object into a holistic process of developing a complex innovative object. A contentual definition of software integrated design solutions is proposed as follows: a system of interaction between different types, tools and design programs, a synthesis of management principles and design conceptions, where each of them can be integrated with other design tools and supported by them to achieve maximum efficiency. The carried out research and the results presented will increase the theoretical and subject matter validity of the essence and structure of integrated design solutions in the modern mechanism of product innovation policy.


Through improving the condition of crystallizer and adjusting agitator dpeed by inverter,PTA parti-cle size is increased from 80μm to 110μm. The seperate effect of centrifuge is finely improved and the work-up cycle of the equipment is relaied.In the meantime, the gas transfer speed and percentage of PTA premiumproduct is increased.


The characteristics of matured aerobic granular sludge were studied using synthetic wastewater in two sequencing batch reactors(SBRs) with glucose(in R_1 reactor) and acetate(in R_2 reactor) as culture carbon sources respectively.The results of 102 days' operation revealed that in R_1 the size distribution displayed a wide range of 0.1~2.2 mm,spheral bacteria were the main microorganisms,oxygen uptake rate(OUR) and specific oxygen uptake rate(SOUR) were 1.184(mg/(L·min)) and 0.838(mg/(g·min)),respectively,while in R_2 the size distribution had a small rang of(0.1)~(1.0) mm,bacillius and spheral bacteria were the dominant microorganisms,OUR and SOUR were 0.944(mg/(L·min)) and 0.825(mg/(g·min)),respectively.In both reactors the COD_(Cr) removal efficiency was up to 95%~98% even with the COD_(Cr) load from 600 to(1 200)(mg/L).


Introduction and purpose: This study analyzes the clinical and radiographic results of two generations of the same uncemented acetabular component. Materials and methods: The analysis comprised 83 Harris-Galante I (HGI) shells (with a 32 mm femoral head) and 93 Harris-Galante II shells (HGII) (with a 28 mm femoral head. Mean follow-up was 12.5 + 2.52 years for the HGI shells and 7.8 + years for the HGII ones. PE wear was assessed by means of image digitalization and computer software (AutoCAD). Results: There were two cases of loosening amongst the HGI shells (Kaplan-Meier 96.9%) and one among the HGII ones (98.3%) (p = 0.7107). 4 PE replacements had to be performed due to wear in the HGI (90.7%). There were three dislocations of the PE insert in the HGI shells ( 79.7%) and one in the HGII ones (97.9%) (p = 0.883). Acetabular osteolysis was observed in 7 cases, out of which 5 were HGI and 2 HGII,. The osteolysis was related to a higher initial settling on the PE (position zero) ( p = 0.0062), a higher mean wear rate (p = 0.001), and a higher wear rate at the end of follow-up (p = 0.002). Position zero was 0.15 + 0.04 mm for HGI shells and 0.11 + 0.02 for HGII ones (p Conclusions: Stable radiographical fixation was observed in the majority of shells of both generations. Osteolysis was related with higher wear. The second generation shows a lower position zero which leads to less wear at the end of follow-up, but not to a lower mean wear rate.


We developed VoIP terminal devices according to H.323 protocols.It is very intricate to do for us,which resulted in a lot of problem. The paper puts forward a portable design scheme of VoIP terminal devices on CS6220,which may be implemented by using SIP protocols,and assures QoS of telephone operation,and telephone operation interface accorded with correlative criterion;How to design and implement the hardware and software of VoIP terminal device on CS6220 was described.Performance testing result of telephone interface indicated that the design run all right on Internet.


Abstract 1651 Background: Anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), most notably rituximab, have revolutionized the treatment of B-cell malignancies with substantially improved clinical outcome for patients. However, a proportion of patients still relapse and become refractory to rituximab. Therefore, several next-generation mAbs are being developed to improve responses further and provide novel therapies for refractory patients. In addition to classical Fc-dependent mechanisms such as antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC), and complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC), certain mAbs can eliminate target cells by triggering intracellular signaling upon antigen ligation to directly induce programmed cell death (PCD). The role of direct PCD and its underlying mechanisms remain under-investigated and poorly understood. We recently demonstrated that certain mAbs (specifically type II anti-CD20 and anti-HLA DR mAbs) potently evoked PCD which was dependent on homotypic adhesion and the rearrangement of the actin cytoskeleton, which in turn triggered lysosome membrane permeabilization (LMP) and cathepsin-mediated cell death (Ivanov et al J Clin Invest 2009, Alduaij et al Blood 2011). Here, we further probe the mechanisms involved, specifically investigating the contribution of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Methods: The generation of ROS was detected using dihydroethidium (HE) and 5-(and-6)-carboxy-29,79-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (carboxy-H2DCFDA) monitored using flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy. Cell death was quantified using propidium iodide (PI) and annexin V staining, and Chromium-51 release assays. For primary B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL) cells, cell death was detected using Annexin V-Cy5.5 and 7-aminoactinomycin. Mitochondrial depolarization was monitored using the JC-1 dye. Results: The extent of ROS generated by a range of mAbs, including type II anti-CD20 mAbs (tositumomab and GA101) and anti-HLA DR mAbs (L243 and 1D10/apolizumab), was positively correlated with their ability to induce PCD, in human B-lymphoma cell lines and primary B-CLL cells. The ROS scavengers tiron and tempol abrogated mAb-induced PCD indicating that ROS are required for its execution. ROS was found to be generated downstream of the mAb-induced actin cytoskeletal reorganization and LMP. Although GA101 potently induced mitochondrial membrane permeabilization, the ability of mitochondrial respiration-deficient Raji subclones to efficiently produce ROS and undergo cell death upon mAb treatment was unaffected, strongly suggesting that mitochondria are not essential for mAb-induced ROS production and cell death. Instead, ROS generation and PCD were blocked by inhibitors of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidases and reduced by siRNA-mediated knock down of the NADPH oxidase NOX2. Conclusion: These findings provide further novel insights into the non-apoptotic PCD pathway evoked by mAbs in B-cell malignancies, highlighting a previously unrecognized role for NADPH oxidase-derived ROS in the terminal effector phase of the death pathway. This newly characterized cell death pathway may be exploited to eliminate malignant lymphoid cells which are refractory to conventional chemotherapy and immunotherapy. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.


An I-CreI variant, wherein one of the two I-CreI monomers has at least two substitutions, one in each of the two functional subdomains of the LAGLIDADG core domain situated respectively from positions 26 to 40 and 44 to 77 of I-CreI, said variant being able to cleave a DNA target sequence from the mouse ROSA26 locus. Use of said variant and derived products for the engineering of transgenic mice and recombinant mouse cell lines expressing an heterologous protein of interest.


There are large numbers of medical education resource databases on the internet. The internet technology's development will change the medical education contents and means.Utilizing these medical information resources is the trend of medical education development and the familiarization skill being owned by the modern medical students.


A description of the reproductive biology of the banded guitarfish, Zapterix exasperata (Jordan and Gilbert) is presented. The study was conducted in a fishing camp located in Bahia Almejas on the west coast of Baja California, from August 1990 to June 1994. The banded guitartish is present in the bay from January to August. Oocyte growth ends in February-March, and copulation and ovulation occur at the end of March and beginning of April. Embryonic development begins in April and ends in July-August, after a gestation period of three to four months. The size of the neonates is between 15 and 18 cm total length. Females dominated in the adult sex ratio, however, it was 1: 1 in the embryos. Fecundity varied from four to ll embryos per female.


Distributed tracing has been an important part of microservice infrastructure and learning-based trace analysis has been used to detect anomalies in microservice systems. Existing learning-based trace anomaly detection approaches ei-ther assume that trace patterns can be learned from normal execution or rely on fault injection to produce labeled traces (i.e., normal/anomalous ones). However, in practice it is often difficult to ensure that the normal execution does not involve anomalous traces or obtain a large variety of normal and anomalous traces through fault injection. In this paper, we propose PUTraceAD, a trace anomaly detection approach that can alleviate the above problems. PUTraceAD represents a trace as a span causal graph with node features such as operation name, response code, duration time. Based on the graph representation, PUTraceAD trains a GNN- and PU learning-based trace anomaly detection model. During the process, PU (Positive and Unlabeled) learning optimizes model parameters through estimating the data distribution. Therefore, PUTraceAD can train the model based on a small set of labeled anomalous traces and a large set of unlabeled traces. Our evaluation shows that PUTraceAD outperforms existing unsupervised trace anomaly detection approaches and only slightly underperforms a supervised learning-based approach that takes full advantage of labeled traces.


The stressed log bridge was conceived as a means of recycling discarded utility timber poles, or logs, which are difficult to dispose because of having been treated with preservatives. To minimize wastage, the logs are trimmed to obtain two parallel flat surfaces, against which they are stacked and laterally stressed as in the familiar stress laminated wood decks. The log decks introduced in this paper are recommended to be stressed by means of aramid or glass fibre tendons which are inert and extremely flexible; because of which, the prestress losses can be virtually eliminated. The paper presents the details of the design, construction, and testing of a prototype stressed log bridge built to demonstrate the concept. The bridge was post-tensioned with aramid fibre cables known by the trade name of PARAFIL ropes. The tendons were first stressed to the maximum level corresponding to a high pressure that can be sustained by the wood and then, within half an hour, destressed to about 68% of the initial force...


Battery energy storage systems (BESSs) play a critical role in eliminating uncertainties associated with renewable energy generation, to maintain stability and improve flexibility of power networks. In this paper, a BESS is used to provide energy arbitrage (EA) and frequency regulation (FR) services simultaneously to maximize its total revenue within the physical constraints. The EA and FR actions are taken at different timescales. The multitimescale problem is formulated as two nested Markov decision process (MDP) submodels. The problem is a complex decision-making problem with enormous high-dimensional data and uncertainty (e.g., the price of the electricity). Therefore, a novel co-optimization scheme is proposed to handle the multitimescale problem, and also coordinate EA and FR services. A triplet deep deterministic policy gradient with exploration noise decay (TDD–ND) approach is used to obtain the optimal policy at each timescale. Simulations are conducted with real-time electricity prices and regulation signals data from the American PJM regulation market. The simulation results show that the proposed approach performs better than other studied policies in literature.


With the development of radiotherapy technology, the importance of radiotherapy accuracy has become increasingly prominent, and the overall trend of radiotherapy technology is more accurate. The precise radiotherapy of the lesion is very important to protect the patient's healthy tissues from ionizing radiation. In order to focus the radiation directly on the tumor site, the patient positioning should be accurate and repeatable in each course of treatment. The laser scanning projection system is a highly accurate positioning system that is repeatable and easy to operate. When the laser scanning projection system is added to the radiotherapy process, it can achieve accurate patient positioning and accurate lesion marking in the most time-saving way, and improve the accuracy of radiotherapy.


A healthy balance of well selected lucidly blended neuroanatomical and physiological information concerning the human nervous system is presented in this relatively brief volume. This combination satisfies a long sought need for a coherent description of structure related in an unusually meaningful way to function. In addition to a chapter on basic neurophysiology, six of the 16 sections deal with the operational aspects of systems, for example, the "Sensory Systems and Thalamus," and, "The Somatic Motor Systems and the Basal Ganglia." Except for a ten-plate cross-sectional atlas of the brain stem after Villiger, the remainder are original illustrations by Robert J. Demarest which are outstanding for their clarity. Variations of the same basic drawings which permit rapid orientation and identification of the salient features of areas of the nervous system are used when possible. The text is unencumbered by references to original observations. Bibliographies of from three to 16 classic


Nicolas Belina-Podgaetsky (1896-1967) was the most prolific Russian emigrant author in Belgium between the late 1930s and early 1950s. His memoirs, as well as numerous children's books on the plight of Christians under Soviet rule apparently met the criteria for good Catholic, anti-communist literature and were published by Durendal, Casterman and Bonne Presse/Goede Pers (Averbode). As typical of converts, however, the former Soviet journalist Belina-Podgaetsky tried to emulate his new masters' views and in doing so overstepped the mark. His autobiography was meticulously edited to obscure his Soviet (and atheistic) past, while his fictional work contained so many 'verifiable' facts, that they became 'True' in a metaphysical and ideological sense. Notwithstanding extremely wide reaching circulation and publicity, his work never gained him the literary fame he craved. And despite his Russian and anti-communist profile, the Russian emigrants in Belgium never accepted him as one of their own. This article se...


The challenge stressor-hindrance stressor framework states that work stressors can be classified into challenge and hindrance stressors according to their nature and effects,showing that stress could be either good or bad.Based on the introduction of the connotation and measurement methods of challenge and hindrance stressors,this paper focuses on the basic theories of challenge and hindrance stressors such as cognitive transactional theory,the conservation of resources theory and job demand-control model,as well as corresponding effect models.Then it sorts out empirical conclusions of the effects of challenge and hindrance stressors.At last,it points out the directions in future research emphases.


Image: di90572 - Members of the Park Hills rescue squad load the driver of the silver car onto a stretcher.


A dynamic trade-off between regular patterns and irregular forms has long been recognized as a feature of language in general – and morphology in particular. In formalized grammatical descriptions, this dynamic is manifested in a contrast between patterns that conform to primary analytical devices, and 'exceptional' residues that are attributed to auxiliary strategies (or excluded as falling outside the scope of systematic description). The stable coexistence of regular patterns and irregular residues has wide-ranging implications for the study of language. An implication for theoretical models is that the organizing principles of a linguistic system cannot be formulated in wholly system-internal terms. Conditions such as the 'One Form, One Meaning Principle' (Anttila 1977: 55) or the 'Paradigm Economy Principle' (Carstairs 1983) may capture recurrent tendencies in morphological systems. But these conditions do not express constraints that apply to morphological systems, but symptoms of more general factors. To explain why the patterns described by system-internal conditions arise, and why there are exceptions to these conditions, a model must refer to the external factors that determine the division of labor between regular strategies and irregular formations. Two types of external considerations have been shown to play an especially significant role in molding the structure and organization of grammatical systems: factors that impact learning, and factors that impact processing (Blevins et al. 2017; Marzi et al. 2019). These factors are in turn influenced by the nature and extent of variation in a system. Relevant dimensions of variation include the following:


Abstract This paper investigates the possibility to obtain better GDP forecasts in the early stages of Great Recession. Here, predictive performance refers to exclusively out-of-sample forecasts. Based on exploratory data analysis and general-to-specific modelling, this paper proposes a univariate predictive threshold model for the small open economy that outperforms its linear counterparts and correctly determines the course of events. This model does not explain any causal links; however, based on a set of economic arguments, it sets forward an idea regarding how a forecaster can act when principal determinant factors, responsible for a sudden, yet lasting change, are unknown, unmeasurable or cannot be influenced by national policy makers. A major dissimilarity between usual threshold models and the model presented in this paper is that while variables act differently under different conditions in the former, in this model, due to economic reasons, errors act differently. Alternatively, this paper can be viewed as a comparative GDP prediction study.


This paper reports a computational optimization study for an inverse z-pinch magnetized target fusion system (MTF). This has been carried out by varying various parameters such as the magnetizing current, the initial liner radius and thickness, liner length, etc. One-dimensional (1D) magneto-hydrodynamic (MHD) calculations are used for this purpose. Capacitor bank parameters are held constant, as is also the inner conductor radius. The Kadomtsev stability parameter Q0 is kept constant at 0.9 and the maximum plasma β at 0.4. The optimization study has yielded several parametric sets with an energy gain of more than unity, i.e. fusion energy output that exceeds the initial energy in the capacitor bank. A physical explanation for the local optimal points is provided through an energy flow analysis. For one case with energy gain exceeding unity, a simple liner stability analysis has been performed. This involves analytical calculations of the time points at which different liner modes become unstable. For these analytical studies, time-dependent parameters, such as liner acceleration, effective thickness of the liner region that still remains solid, and effective material strength, are obtained from 1D MHD simulations.


Design, analysis and testing of a waveguide window with a goal of propagating greater than 100 kW average power operating at 1500 Mhz has been performed. This is made possible by the favorable material properties of Beryllia (BeO). Brazing the window to a soft copper frame and then brazing the frame to a KOVAR flange provides the vacuum seal. RF analysis combined with thermal/structural analysis shows the benefits of the material. The KOVAR flange with a CTE,coefficient of thermal expansion, that matches that of BeO enables a strong braze joint. RF testing to 35 kW has been successful, and higher powers will be tested in the near future. The basics of this design can be expanded to applications with lower frequencies and higher average power.


An iron(iii)-mediated photocatalytic method for the conversion of aryl, heteroaryl and polycyclic aromatic bromides to the corresponding chlorides with high selectivity has been achieved successfully. The mild reaction conditions and high chloride utilization efficiency promise a bright future for chlorination reactions.


Objective To explore an effective therapy for obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome(OSAHS)in children.Methods The clinical data of 93 children diagnosed as OSAHS,which underwent tonsillectomy and/or adenoidectomy,was reviewed and analyzed.Results All patients were followed up for 0.5~1 years.No haemorrhage,acute respiratory obstruction,and adenoid residue occurred after operation.The clinical symptoms of all cases improved.There were no or less respiration pause and fewer snores.Conclusion Childhood OSAHS can be effectively treated by tonsillectomy and/or adenoidectomy through oral endoscope.


The objective of this thesis is to implement an unscented kalman filter for integrating INS with GPS and to analyze and compare the results with the extended kalman filter approach. In a loosely c ...


The orientational elastic distortions induced by a magnetic field in the nematic phase of linear aromatic polyesters with different lengths of a flexible ethylene glycol fragment separating rigid mesogenic cores are studied using the method of the Freedericksz threshold transitions. The temperature dependences of the birefringence An and the splay and bend elastic constants (K 1 and K 3 , respectively) are obtained. For polymeric nematic liquid crystals, the ratio K 3 /K 1 does not vary as the length of the flexible fragment increases by a factor of two, whereas for the low-molecular-mass model compounds, K 3 /K 1 increases considerably with increasing length of flexible terminal groups.


In this paper, we calculate the optimal proportional reinsurance strategy from
the point of view of ruin probability in the context of the classical model of
Risk Theory, considering that the number of claims follows a compound
Poisson process and that the claim amount is exponentially distributed. We
obtain explicit expressions for the insurer retention level and we compare
our results with the ones derived from the upper bound for the probability of
ruin. We then perform the functional analysis of the analytical expressions
by making use of Mathematica 6.


ABSTRACT This paper contends that political economy may profit from an understanding of money that is both able to account for its systemic importance as well as money's specific role for the contemporary distribution of wealth. 'Money-ness' is a strategic factor in profit-making and capital accumulation. If we accord moneyness to all those instruments that make the repackaging of credit and other financial assets and liabilities and their capitalization possible, we arrive at an understanding of money that underscores the Marxian analysis of the structural importance of the money relation for capital accumulation that is up to speed with current financial innovations. As a social structure and process, moneymaking through capital permeates society. As a public-private deal between the state, rentiers, banks, and taxpayers that has existed since the foundation of the Bank of England in 1694, it binds these actors together in shifting relations of dependence. Under financial capitalism today, what counts as money and how far moneyness stretches into the realms of financial innovation has been a core object of struggle in the public-private deal of money creation.


Identifying differences among the sample distributions of different observations is an important issue in many

fields ranging from medicine over biology and chemistry to physics. We address this issue, providing a general

framework to detect difference spots of interest in feature space. Such spots occur not only at various

locations, they may also come in various shapes and multiple sizes, even at the same location. We deal with

these challenges in a scale-space detection framework based on the density function difference of the observations.

Our framework is intended for semi-automatic processing, providing human-interpretable interest

spots for further investigation of some kind, e.g., for generating hypotheses about the observations. Such interest

spots carry valuable information, which we outline at a number of classification scenarios from UCI

Machine Learning Repository; namely, classification of benign/malign breast cancer, genuine/forged money

and normal/spondylolisthetic/disc-herniated vertebral columns. To this end, we establish a simple decision

rule on top of our framework, which bases on the detected spots. Results indicate state-of-the-art classification

performance, which underpins the importance of the information that is carried by these interest spots.


The Earth system is enduring a unique transition in its history due to the pregnancy of human activities on geological processes compared to natural controls. A large community examines the extent to which these activities will be archived in the sedimentary record and remain for millions years within a new geological era named Anthropocene. Here we explore the potential of sediments that accumulated in sewer systems for such a record of human posterity, considering that urban socio-ecosystems are prone to a large diversity and high concentrations of potential tracers of human activities [1]. The selected site is a decantation tank that collects wastewater and stormwater from the sewer network of the northern part of Orléans (France). This 20 m deep underground building of cylindrical and conical shape was constructed in 1942 and was reputed to have not been subjected to any clean out operation (COO) since that time. 5 cores (i.e. 8m of sediments) were acquired from 2014 to 2017 by manually inserting a plastic tube in the outcropping sediments or with a gravity corer prior to COO. 152 samples were taken and investigated in this work. These samples were extracted with a mixture of water:methanol (1:1) in order to obtain drugs and illicit drugs that were then quantified by HPLC-MS². Extracted sediments then underwent a large range of classical sedimentological analyses (e.g. granulometry, facies description). Total organic carbon, Hydrogen Index, Oxygen Index and Tmax were determined by Rock-Eval pyrolysis. The age model is based on 47 14 C dates obtained


Background: The prevalence of Coronary Atherosclerotic Heart Disease (CASHD) is iincreasing in India. Several modifiable risk factors contribute directly to this disease burden. Public knowledge of such risk factors among the urban Indian population is largely unknown. This investigation attempts to quantify the knowledge of modifiable risk factors of CASHD as sampled among an Indian population at a large metropolitan hospital. Methods: A hospital basedhospital-based, cross sectional study was conducted at All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), a major tertiary care hospital in New Delhi, India. Participants (n=217) were recruited from patient waiting areas in the emergency room and were provided with standardised questionnaires to assess their knowledge of modifiable risk factors of CASHD. The risk factors specifically included smoking, hypertension, elevated cholesterol levels, dDiabetes mMellitus and obesity. Identifying three 3 or less risk factors was regarded as a poor knowledge level of knowledge, and whereas identifying four 4 or more risk factors was regarded as a good knowledge level of knowledge. A multiple logistic regression model was used to isolate independent demographic markers predictive of a participant's level of


The present invention discloses a data card, comprising a housing, the PCB disposed in the housing interior cavity and a main antenna, and a joint housing and fixedly connected to, further comprising a data card in the housing, an electrical connector is provided with linker connecting metal shaft, a metal shaft joint and the joint is formed diversity antenna of the data card. The present invention also discloses a data exchange system comprising a data card and a user terminal. Using this scheme disclosed in the present invention, since the diversity antenna is provided without individually, thereby reducing the dimensions of the data card, the data card to ensure the aesthetic appearance, thereby reducing the production cost of the data card.


To build an early fire alarm system, an important approach to detect whether a fire occurs is monitoring the fire characteristics parameters. Multi-sensor data fusion is the key technology to process the data collected by the sensors. In this paper, we present a data fusion method to process the data collected by distributed fire detectors. The method is based on rough sets and evidence theory. We explain the method and use an example to demonstrate its decision process under the Chinese standard on raked fire SH4 and smoldering fire SH1. The results prove that the method is fault-tolerant and stable.


Objective: The objective of this study is to discuss the role played by the book in the design and development of bibliographic documentary practices.
Method: Through discussion of the literature, selected according to the objectives of the article, we initially seek to answer what a book is in its constitution over time, considering supports, formats and ways of organizing content. Then, we explore the book as a document, observing that it is an object produced for this purpose. Following, we deal with the book in its function as a bibliographic document, an adjective that accounts for a documentary attribute, therefore, not inherent to the object. Finally, we discuss the book in the constitution of bibliographic documentary practice, which played a central role in the production of the most known methods and instruments.
Results: We note the preponderance of practices, built from material supports and documentary typologies of each era, to the lack of generalizing theoretical and methodological references, which have as a principle mediation actions on any and all types of objects, according to pragmatic parameters that allow to subsidize the responses to each audience.
Conclusions: We draw attention to the technical-scientific literature of the field and its complex professional practices for indicating relevant constituted knowledge.


Recently the rural residents' income gap in different districts has been increasingly enlarged,which affects the stable development of the overall economy in China's rural districts.Therefore,the author thinks that it is of great significance to study the cause for the phenomenon.By using the rural per capita net income from the years 1986 to 2005 as the basic data for study,the author establishes a regression model based on the successive sweep method to analyze the factors affecting the rural residents' income gap in China's different districts and to what extent these factors affect it.


Some morphological traits associated with new plant architecture of rice have been found to have close relationship with yielding ability of rice variety (Yang et al., 2007; Yang and Hwa, 2008). Plant height is a major contributor to the yield (Yadav et al., 2011) but greater plant height susceptible to lodging reduces yield, quality of production, and mechanical harvesting efficiency (Weber and Fehr, 1966). It was estimated that lodging


The invention discloses a semiconductor luminescent device and a production method of the semiconductor luminescent device. The device has a sandwich structure, a luminous body is arranged in the middle of the sandwich structure, and a transparent electric-conducting and heat-conducting layer and a glass layer are arranged on each of two sides of the luminous body, respectively, wherein the transparent electric-conducting and heat-conducting layer is arranged on the surface of the luminous body, and the glass layer is arranged on the surface of the transparent electric-conducting and heat-conducting layer. The semiconductor luminescent device and a production method of the semiconductor luminescent device can enable an LED device to be placed vertically and emit light from double surfaces, so as to improve the light-emitting efficiency without affecting the heat dissipation property of devices.


Phrasal verbs have always been the difficult and important points in English lexical teaching in China.This study investigates the use of keep phrasal verbs in the writing of Chinese EFL learners through comparing Chinese Learner English Corpus(CLEC) and British National Corpus(BNC).The results indicate that the proficiency of using keep phrasal verbs in the writing of Chinese EFL learners develops as their English proficiency improves.However,compared with native English speakers,Chinese EFL learners overuse keep phrasal verbs in total and concentrate on a few keep phrasal verbs while they underuse a large number of keep phrasal verbs.A further investigation reveals the problematic use of keep phrasal verbs in the writing of Chinese EFL learners is the misuse of particles and redundancy.Based on these results,the teaching methods are finally summarized for the teaching of English phrasal verbs.


Describes the second new learning resource centre in Liverpool John Moores University. It provides 5,500sq. m. on four floors giving 200 PC places and a further 500 study seats. Discusses the problems faced in choosing an appropriate site. Compares the physical arrangement with the "ideal‐type" of a converged service represented by the Aldham Robarts Learning Resource Centre. Gives floor plans.


The electro-mobility revolution challenges the batteries community to develop rechargeable batteries with the highest energy density, including the use of Li metal anodes. Relevant cathode materials include sulfur and molecules with the general formula LiNixCoyMnzO2, denoted as Ni rich NCM (x+y+z = 1; x > 0.5). We discuss herein new insights obtained from our recent work with cells comprising Li metal anodes, LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2 and LiNiO2 cathodes with practical charge density higher than 3 mAh/cm2. Highly stable behavior of Li metal anodes was realized in solutions containing mono-fluorinated ethylene carbonate (FEC) as a co-solvent. We found that the same solutions stabilize Ni rich NCM cathodes as well. We discuss herein the limiting factor of Li-LiNiO2 cells in terms of cycle life and have gained new understandings related to failure and stabilization mechanisms of Ni rich NCM cathodes. Providing that the electro-mobility revolution succeeds, we may encounter a shortage in the availability of nickel. We suggest herein strategies for handling this problem by the use of Mn based cathodes. © The Author(s) 2019. Published by ECS. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License (CC BY, http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse of the work in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. [DOI: 10.1149/2.0261903jes]


The possibility that CD4 + T cells can act as "innate-like" cells to contain very early Mycobacterium tuberculosis dissemination and function as master helpers to sustain multiple effector functions of CD8 + T cells and CD3 2 lymphocytes during development of adaptive immunity against primary tuberculosis (TB) has not been demonstrated. We showed that pulmonary M. tuberculosis infection of CD4-depleted macaques surprisingly led to very early extrapulmonary M. tuberculosis dissemination, whereas CD4 deficiency clearly resulted in rapid TB progression. CD4 depletion during M. tuberculosis infection revealed the ability of CD8 + T cells to compensate and rapidly differentiate to Th17-like/Th1-like and cytotoxic-like effectors, but these effector functions were subsequently unsustainable due to CD4 deficiency. Whereas CD3 2 non–T lymphocytes in the presence of CD4 + T cells developed predominant Th22-like and NK-like (perforin production) responses to M. tuberculosis infection, CD4 depletion abrogated these Th22-/NK-like effector functions and favored IL-17 production by CD3 2 lymphocytes. CD4-depleted macaques exhibited no or few pulmonary T effector cells constitutively producing IFN- g , TNF- a , IL-17, IL-22, and perforin at the endpoint of more severe TB, but they presented pulmonary IL-4 + T effectors. TB granulomas in CD4-depleted macaques contained fewer IL-22 + and perforin + cells despite the presence of IL-17 + and IL-4 + cells. These results implicate a previously unknown innate-like ability of CD4 + T cells to contain extrapulmonary M. tuberculosis dissemination at very early stage. Data also suggest that CD4 + T cells


EGCG shows good anticancer activity,and its effect and mechanism have also been a hot research topic in recent years.EGCG's anticancer molecular mechanisms are complex.And various ways are confirmed to be available to achieve the aim of suppressing cancer cell including antiangiogenic activity,cell cycle blocking,transcription factors inhibition and signal transduction regulation.The paper reviewed the progress on anticancer molecular mechanism of EGCG.


Recently a new class of monogamy relations (actually, exponentially many) was provided by Christopher Eltschka et al. in terms of squared concurrence. Their approach restricted to the distribution of bipartite entanglement shared between different subsystems of a global state. We have critically analyzed those monogamy relations in three as well as in four qubit pure states using squared negativity. We have been able to prove that in case of pure three qubit states those relations are always true in terms of squared negativity. However, if we consider the pure four qubit states, the results are not always true. Rather, we find opposite behaviour in some particular classes of four qubit pure states where some of the monogamy relations are violated. We have provided analytical and numerical evidences in support of our claim.


Local citizen participation has long been acknowledged as a useful tool to enhance public policies: it improves policies' responsiveness to the population's needs and quality as citizens make creative and innovative proposals to solve development challenges. In the last two decades, countries such as Brazil, Colombia, Guatemala, Mexico, Paraguay and Peru have developed new mechanisms to foster citizen participation at the local level by creating citizen participation bodies, or what we term here, local councils. These are institutional spaces where citizens represented by civil society or community-based organisations, academics and the private sector come together with municipal authorities to discuss and make decisions about local development and governance issues. In particular, by allowing greater participation of groups that were historically left out of decision making processes, such as women, youth and indigenous populations, these local councils have made local governance more inclusive and representative. This Brief analyses the experience of local councils in Latin America, highlighting key outcomes, design features and contextual factors that enabled their implementation. SUMMARY


New small-scale optical probes designed for endoscopic near-infrared imaging, can have source-detector distances considerably less than 1 cm, pushing the limits for which the diffusion approximation is valid for quantifying optical properties. Scalable Monte Carlo algorithms have been successful in recovering optical properties in this realm for homogeneous tissue; however, these techniques are unsuitable for heterogeneous media. The purpose of this study was to implement a fast Monte Carlo algorithm to retrieve optical properties in media comprised of two distinct layers (a geometry similar to that which would be seen in endoscopic prostate imaging where the rectal wall is superficial to the prostate). A two-layer phantom was constructed from two materials with known optical properties (one 5-mm thick slab was placed on a 3-cm thick slab). The phantom was raster-scanned using a reflectance-based system with a 3-mm source-detector separation. Data was analyzed using Monte Carlo eXtreme as a forward model in an iterative fitting procedure. On average, 125 iterations per pixel were required for convergence (3.8 minutes of computational time on a single nVidia GTX480 GPU card). The errors in recovered absorption coefficients were 0.58% and 0.39% in the top and bottom layers, respectively. This work demonstrates the promise of ultrafast Monte Carlo algorithms for applications within an iterative fitting routine for geometries where the diffusion approximation fails.


Problem statement: Sugarcane leaf-removing tools could help speed up sugarcane harvest and reduce contamination. Moreover, leaf-removal machinery can solve the problems of sugarcane burning and workers can increase sugarcane harvest production too. The purpose of this research was to study the use of leaf-removal machinery in the post-harvest production of sugarcane to reduce harvest production time and contaminant. Approach: This study focused on the LK92-11 variety of sugarcane having a harvesting period of 12 months, a density of 9,387 stems/rai and could produce 14.01 tons/rai including cane top and, leaves and leaf sheaths of 1675.2 and 180 kg/rai. Sugarcane leaf-removal machinery was applied to a small engine power from a grass-cutting machine. A rotate dish applied 4 different materials, tendon string, soft wire, medium wire and sling for sugarcane leaf-removing. The machine was operated at a constant speed. The efficiency of the sugarcane leaf-removal machinery indicated the capacity of sugarcane leaf-removing by area and operation time. Results: The quantity of leaves and leaf sheaths affect the speed of harvest production. Moreover, leaves and leaf sheaths increase the waste material in production and also contaminate the sugar and the sugar production system with clay, sand, and mud from the fields. Traditional methods for sugarcane harvest without removing leaf took 37 h/rai to complete, but sugarcane leaf-removing could reduce the sugarcane harvest process to 11.4 h/rai. Conclusion: The material of the blades in de-leafing machine is crucial to the efficiency of harvest production time. Blades made from poor materials can cause tangling and clogging in the rotator dish, which increases maintenance time. Further developments in sugarcane leaf removal systems will create dramatic improvement in sugarcane production.


Based on domestic and external information,the generation,composition and structure of coal were narrated,and various physical and chemical structural models were evaluated and compared briefly.Then on this basis,the effect of generation of coal on its composition and structure were discussed.


The initial prerequisites for the application of the parameters of the Bertalanffy growth equation for estimating the maximum age of fish life (tλ) and the natural mortality rate (M) are analyzed. This approach has been proposed by D. Pauli and was widely used. Pauli found a regression dependence of the natural mortality rate on the parameters of the Bertalanffy growth equation (L∝, K) and environmental temperature (T) for various populations on a large amount of factual material. However, the presence of a causal relationship between the growth rate and the natural mortality of fish has not been proven, therefore, it seems doubtful whether it is possible to solve the inverse task – determining mortality rate by growth parameters. A numerical example shows that in reality the values of the parameters of the growth equation can vary over a very wide range depending on the original data and do not correspond to their biological interpretation. Therefore, the growth cannot be used to estimate mortality. Since mortality is the rate at which fish decrease in number, this rate should be used for estimation of mortality.


The aim of the article is to present an interpretation of one of literary visions of traumatic experiences. Suffering a wrongs in childhood is, by the author, the main cause of many problems In grown people's life. Those wounds, psychical and physical, may not be cured. The destruction of emotional sphere of human personality causes also a damage of the language capable to express not only trials or harms but even commonplace experiences. Joanna Bator in her novel examines also the abilities of cultural patterns especially those permitting to understand the trauma dimensions and describes the changes of principles ruling a common life.


The utility model discloses a slotted stone curtain wall unit which is arranged on the outer side of a wall to form a stone curtain wall. The slotted stone curtain wall unit comprises a stone body, a bottom suspension member fixedly connected with the bottom of the stone body, a top suspension member fixedly connected with the top of the stone body, and a corner connection assembly with a main bearing suspension groove. The bottom suspension member is hung in the main bearing suspension groove. The top suspension member is connected with the corner connection assembly. The corner connection assembly is disposed on the wall via a main bolt to form a single point connection. The stone body is arranged on the wall via the single point connection structure so that the corner connection assembly rotates slightly around the main bolt. The bottom suspension member and the corner connection assembly are respectively arranged on the two ends of the bottom of the stone body, such that equal forces are acted on the corner connection assembly and the bottom suspension member, and the strength of mounting the curtain wall is guaranteed. With the suspended mounting structure, the curtain wall is easier to be dismounted and mounted, and the maintenance and the replacement for the curtain wall are simple and fast.


ABSTRACT Populist leaders mobilize supporters to accomplish the political transformations they seek to achieve. However, once they are in office, populist leaders also encounter mobilizations against them because of their exclusionary rhetoric as well as their attack on existing democratic norms. These populists' practices represent an erosion of (or threat to) political rights and move oppositional groups into struggle. Therefore, an increase in mobilizations under a populist leader can be seen as resistance to populism. Based on panel data analysis across 18 Latin American countries between 1990-2018, we find that populist rhetoric triggers a higher level of pro-democratic protests when it is combined with a populist leader's rejection of democratic norms. The findings are discussed in line with the political consequences of populism in contemporary Latin America.


A tecnique is described for assaying amylolytic activity of an alfa-amylase of bacterial origin. This tecnique can be applied to assay the activity of other amylolitic enzymes, operating in the optimal conditions in which the develope their activity and taking into account the enzyme solution concentration according to activity.


A new approach to the calculation of main parameters of the installation for the combined continuous casting and deformation is described. The results of determining the deformation mode of metal in the deformation region when fabricating the aluminum sheet are presented. A problem of optimization of the production and constructive parameters of the mentioned installation is stated and solved, and its main parameters for the fabrication of the aluminum sheet with the cross-section of (2 ÷ 4) × 1500 mm are determined.


As the compactness of VLSI circuits increase, it becomes striking to integrate devoted test logic on a chip. Starting with a general idea of test problems, this survey paper reviews test applications and its terms, common test methods and analyzes the basic test procedure. The concept of Built-in Self-Test (BIST) is introduced and discussed, incentives and architecture principles of BIST are shown. This BIST approach not only offers economic profit but also provides interesting technical opportunities with respect to hierarchical testing and the reprocess of test logic during the application of the circuit. Recently BIST Research is being highly used in wireless transmitter and receiver system for the detection of mismatch and non-linear parameters. Also, BIST Circuit plays an important role in the measurement of bit error rate in the communication system.


A facile and user friendly technique to immobilize the late-transition metal complexes on spherical MgCl2/SiO2/THF support has been developed. The spherical MgCl2/SiO2/THF-supported late-transition metal catalysts 2,6-bis-(1-(2,6-dimeth- ylphenylimino)ethyl)pyridine iron (II) dichloride (SC-A) and 1,4-bis(2,6-dimethylphenyl)- acenaphthene diimine nickel (II) dibromide (SC-B) for ethylene polymerization has been prepared by spray-drying technique using tetrahydrofuran suspen- sion containing MgCl2, SiO2 and late-transition metal complexes. The catalysts were characterized by BET, XRD, SEM and the polymers were analyzed using GPC, DSC and 13 C-NMR. The test results show that spray-drying is a very effective method for immobilizing late-transition metal catalysts for ethylene polymerization. Among six kinds of cocatalysts for ole- fin polymerization, TMA and TEA were confirmed to be more effective than other compounds for the ethylene polymeriza - tion system using the catalyst SC-A. For the case of the catalyst SC-B, DEAC showed the best performance as cocatalysts in ethylene polymerization. The replication of the catalyst morphology was found in the resultant polyethylene.


Due to the enormous scale of man-made disasters associated with oil spills, great priority is given to ensure the safe operation of oil storage tanks. A particular danger is the process of depressurization of tanks, the main reasons for which may be structural defects, poor metal quality, welding defects, assembly damage, improper installation and operation, corrosion and defects in metal structures. The analysis of modern methods of geodetic monitoring of the state of oil storage tanks allowed concluding that it is necessary to develop new technological solutions related to automation and the use of intelligent technologies that ensure the continuity of the process of determining the state of structures. Therefore, the purpose of the research is to develop a hardware-software complex based on computer vision technology for monitoring the state of oil storage tanks. The advantage of the technology for monitoring tanks using computer vision is that the intelligent analysis of photos enables to determine the shape of the cylindrical shell of the tank, any geometric parameters of the structure, defects (dents, bulges), cracks. The analysis of series of images obtained with high resolution in a given measurement period makes it possible to evaluate changes in geometric parameters, shape, settlement, cracks.


In order to convey the dangers of climate change, many activists deploy the old canon of communication theory, which views mass media as a kind of "magic bullet." Influenced by theories such as George Lakoff's cognitive linguistics, they propose that environmentally "progressive" mass media frames can be aimed like a cannon at the "public mind." This article argues that such an effort mirrors a mechanistic strategy of industrial production and remains a "shallow" method of environmental communications. In response, it is argued that "organic media," like glasnost, is based on open and local contexts. This article concludes that "slow" and "small" communication environments can encourage biodiverse ecological intelligence, an approach that embodies a sustainable and "deep" methodology.


When estimating the benefits from an investment project in the transportation sector, errors caused by many factors may exist. This study focuses on user equilibrium traffic assignment methods and stopping criteria. According to previous studies, when using a user equilibrium assignment model, the benefits of travel time savings can be effected by the relative gap value. As the stopping criteria decreases, the time needed for traffic assignment increases, so that lowering the criteria cannot be the best solution. Therefore, an effort is necessary to reduce this change rate and thus improve reliability. This paper considers three methods: reducing the links subject to benefit calculation, extracting sub-area O/D tables and networks, and applying the mean value of successive traffic assignment results. The results of the analysis show that the method using the mean value of five results is more proper than the other methods. Using the sub-area analysis method, if the study area is small the benefits of a project might be over- or under-estimated. This paper used a nationwide O/D table and network at peak time as a case study. The resulting patterns can differ according to basic data to be used in analysis. So further analysis using the data from metropolitan areas are needed.


The activitties of SOD, contents of protein and chlorophyll of Potamogeton crispus L. were examined after planted in water with different COD level. The results indicated that P. crispus showed relatively strong tolerance to COD stress and could partly clear polluted water.


Electric Bicycles (EBs) provide a promising sustainable mobility solution. Despite the huge number of research and development activities, the battery pack is still the Achilles' heel of electric vehicles. The dilemma arises between energy content, weight and cost of the batteries. A potential remedy is Regenerative Braking (RB). The main idea of RB is to recover the highest possible amount of kinetic and potential energy during braking and convert this energy into a storable form. This paper presents a study on the potential benefit of RB on EBs. The study is based on two redundant calculation methods for determining recoverable energy. Input data is measured with an experimental test bike during a typical EB trip. Results show a potential RB rate of 35% without taking efficiency losses of energy conversion into account. The subsequent discussion of the results points out possible weaknesses of the study and defines future work.


With the advancement of the energy strategy, the construction of energy Internet based on the power grid, has become a popular direction in energy system integrative development. This paper studies the comprehensive energy hub in the process of the construction of energy Internet. Firstly, we study the load characteristics of the Internet date centers (IDCs), electric vehicle (EV) charging stations, 5G base stations and vehicle to grid (V2G) in the multi-station integration scenario; Secondly, according to the load characteristics of various loads, two topologies are designed, newly-built station and reconstructive station, for AC and DC power supply system. Also, we analyze the superiorities of the structures on power supply reliability and economy. Finally, we study the battery system fusion technology between the energy storage station and IDC's uninterruptible power supply (UPS). The results may help engineers and researchers keep up with the progress of the multi-station integration clearly, as well as, it is of significant instruction for promoting the development of multi-station integration.