The invention discloses a beverage with the slimming function. The beverage with the slimming function is formed by mixing and boiling raw materials for five to six minutes and filtering the raw materials, wherein the raw materials include, by weight, 8-10 parts of lotus leaves, 8-10 parts of hawthorns, 1 part of dry siraitia grosvenorii and 250-300 parts of water. The beverage with the slimming function has a good taste. People will lose weight healthily and become slim when drinking the beverage with the slimming function frequently.


Hydrogen sulphide (H2S) gas is typically formed in sewage collection systems that are conducive to creation of septic conditions. Collection systems in warm climates that have a flat grade or do not have the flow-through velocities (minimum two feet per second) to prevent the stagnation of fluid, allow the septic conditions to occur. In general, septic conditions occur when bacteria use all of the available oxygen while decomposing organic matter in wastewater for energy. Sewers with low velocities encourage the growth of anaerobic bacteria in a slime layer coating the sewer. These bacteria reduce sulphur compounds such as sulphate (SO4), thereby producing sulphites (SO2). These compounds occur naturally in domestic sewage but also can be concentrated in industrial waste streams. One of the more frustrating problems of H2S development from domestic and industrial wastewaters in collection systems is odours. Odour problems often are resolved by chemical addition. Chlorine compounds such as bleach, sodium hypochlorite, calcium hypochlorite and ferric chloride are examples of chemicals that are effective in controlling H2S in wastewater collection systems. The aim of the study was to determine the possibility of the application of advanced oxidation process with Fenton's reagent to the reduction of nuisance of H2S generated at putrefaction of municipal sewage. The experiment was performed at the laboratory scale. Carbon compounds transformations were observed, redox potential, H2S concentration in biogas, and rate of purification were determined. Investigations were conducted in five phases, on laboratory-scale experimental anaerobic reactor at the temperature of 20oC. The research phases varied with the type of chemical reagents supplied to the technological system. Depending on the experimental phase different substances were dosed to the analysed sewage. Ions of Fe2+, Fe3+, H2O2, and advanced oxidation systems Fe/H2O2 and Fe/H2O2 were used in the experiment. Experimental system revealed the significance of coagulation, oxidation and advanced oxidation on deodorization of tested wastewater. Technology of reduction of H2S nuisance, generated at putrefaction of municipal sewage, based on advanced oxidation, allowed to obtain effective final results in relation to all analysed parameters.The most effective reduction of odours nuisance was obtained with classic Fenton reaction. An increase of the efficiency correlated with the increase of oxidant H2O2 doses. The dosage of 0.1 g Fe2+/dm3 and 2 g H2O2 caused sewage putrefaction after 11 days. Sewage putrefaction in control sample was observed after 24 hours. Application of advanced oxidation process was more effective method than other methods tested in the experiment. The final results of sewage preparation were far better than results observed at hydrogen peroxide, Fe2+ or Fe3+ ions application alone. Presented method of odours reduction for the sake of the obtained results, easy operation, chemical reagents accessibility and economical reasons can become alternative technology of reduction of nuisance of H2S generated at putrefaction of municipal wastewater.


This study aimed to estimate the genetic parameters of diameter at breast height over bark (DBHOB), bark percentage (Bark%) and the correlation between DBHOB and Bark% for Corymbia spp. Three independent trials were evaluated during this study: C. variegata (CV) and mixed spotted gum species (CMSG) were progeny trials measured at 4-years of age, and mixed Corymbia species (CSPP) from different seed sources measured at 3-years of age. The CV and CMSG mainly comprised of C. variegata, while the CSPP consisted of C. torelliana, C. maculata and C. citriodora progenies. There were significant differences between the progenies for the two traits evaluated in the three trials. The narrow sense heritability found for CMSG and CV were 0.55 and 0.42, respectively, for Bark% and 0.24 DBHOB in both trials. In CSPP, we found 0.21 for DBHOB, and a lower narrow-sense heritability for Bark% (0.19), since in this trial a significant part of the genetic variation is due to differences between seed sources. Genetic correlations (ranging from -0.18 to -0.47) between DBHOB and Bark% were indicated, i.e. as DBHOB increases, bark proportion decreases. We concluded that both traits, especially Bark%, are under significant genetic control in the Corymbia genus, making them good candidates for breeding programmes. This study provides valuable information about the genetic control of Bark%, which will be useful in further studies with other species, and the growth potential of the Corymbia genus as well. Future studies could ascertain the growth potential of Corymbia species, genetic control of bark in other important commercial species, determine the effect of bark thickness along the length of the stem (bark taper), and bark volume as a proportion of overall stem volume.


Strawberries are enjoyed by consumers and are produced all over Brazil, especially in the South and in the Southeast. In the harvest and post-harvest processes, methods have been used to assess the ripening and quality of the fruit through external aspects of the product. In order to also understand the internal aspects, efforts are invested in non-destructive assessment methods. Biospeckle is a non-destructive method whose application in farming is still little studied. This paper aims to evaluate Biospeckle, through Moment of Inertia (MI), as a method for strawberry quality assessment.


Examined material. I analyzed 77 males and 10 females from station CA6 (38°15'54.462"N, 15°45′23.931′′E; coarse sand, 45 m depth). Other specimens were found at stations CA7 (38°15′56.122′′N, 15°45′23.811′′E; coarse sand, 47 m depth), CA8 (38°15'54.681′′N, 15°45′22.470′′E; coarse sand, 44 m depth), and CA14 (38° 15ʹ56.331"N, 15°45′21.860′′E; coarse sand, 48 m depth) from the Strait of Messina. The holotypes and the paratypes, i.e. the specimens most representative of the variability observed among individuals, were deposited at the Museum of Natural History of Ferrara (Mus. Civ. St. Nat. FE). Italian Journal of Zoology, 2014, 476 Vol. 81, No. 3, http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/11250003.2014.942549


Predominantly undifferentiated tumors occurring in the cerebrum of young individuals are referred to as "primitive neuroectodermal tumors." Twenty‐three of these cases were collected which had certain common features. Grossly they tended to be cystic and compressed adjacent brain. Microscopically they were malignant‐appearing and demonstrated a prominent mesenchymal component. Sixteen cases showed focal evidence of glial and/or neuronal‐appearing differentiation. It is suggested that the mesenchyme is also an aspect of tumor differentiation. The biologic behavior of these tumors was malignant, with an average duration of 18 months from onset of symptoms to death.


The insulin-like growth factor (IGF) binding proteins (IGFBPs) modulate the actions of the insulin-like growth factors in endocrine, paracrine, and autocrine settings. Additionally, some IGFBPs appear to exhibit biological effects that are IGF independent. The six high-affinity IGFBPs that have been characterized to date exhibit 40–60% amino acid sequence identity overall, with the most conserved sequences in their NH2 and COOH termini. We have recently demonstrated that the product of the mac25yIGFBP-7 gene, which shows significant conservation in the NH2 terminus, including an ''IGFBP motif'' (GCGCCXXC), exhibits lowaffinity IGF binding. The closely related mammalian genes connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) gene, nov, and cyr61 encode secreted proteins that also contain the conserved sequences and IGFBP motifs in their NH2 termini. To ascertain if these genes, along with mac25yIGFBP-7, encode a family of low-affinity IGFBPs, we assessed the IGF binding characteristics of recombinant human CTGF (rhCTGF). The ability of baculovirus-synthesized rhCTGF to bind IGFs was demonstrated by Western ligand blotting, affinity crosslinking, and competitive affinity binding assays using 125Ilabeled IGF-I or IGF-II and unlabeled IGFs. CTGF, like mac25yIGFBP-7, specifically binds IGFs, although with relatively low affinity. On the basis of these data, we propose that CTGF represents another member of the IGFBP family (IGFBP-8) and that the CTGF gene, mac25yIGFBP-7, nov, and cyr61 are members of a family of low-affinity IGFBP genes. These genes, along with those encoding the high-affinity IGFBPs 1–6, together constitute an IGFBP superfamily whose products function in IGF-dependent or IGF-independent modes to regulate normal and neoplastic cell growth. The insulin-like growth factor (IGF) binding proteins (IGFBPs) are a family of homologous proteins that regulate the biological activities of the IGFs and may also be capable of IGF-independent actions. Six distinct IGFBPs that bind IGFs with high affinity have been described (1–7). They share an overall protein sequence identity of 50% and contain 16–18 conserved cysteines in the NH2and COOH-terminal regions (8). We have recently demonstrated that the protein product of the human mac25 cDNA, which is structurally related and which contains the ''IGFBP motif'' (GCGCCXXC) in its NH2 terminus, specifically binds IGFs, although with relatively low affinity, and constitutes another member of the IGFBP family, IGFBP-7 (9). This finding suggests that a family of low-affinity IGFBPs, distinct from the high-affinity members, may exist, and together these may constitute an IGFBP superfamily. A closely related family of genes encoding connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) (10), the nov oncogene (11), and cyr61 (12) has been identified; the predicted proteins are products of ''immediate-early genes'' expressed after induction by serum, growth factors, or certain oncogenes (10–13). These proteins show an overall identity of 30–38% compared with IGFBPs 1–6. Although the similarity of the COOH-terminal sequences is low (,20%), the NH2-terminal region is well conserved among these new members and the IGFBPs. Moreover, these proteins also contain the conserved ''IGFBP motif'' (GCGCCXXC) in their NH2 terminus, and as many as 17 of the 18 cysteines are conserved in IGFBPs 1–6, suggesting that the CTGFynov oncogeneycyr61 family shares significant structural homology with IGFBPs (14) and may potentially bind IGFs. CTGF has been identified as a major chemotactic and mitogenic factor for connective tissue cells (10). It has plateletderived growth factor (PDGF)-related biological and immunological activities, and it competes with PDGF for a cellsurface receptor (10). The CTGF gene, residing on chromosome 6q23.1, proximal to c-myb, was originally cloned from human umbilical vein endothelial cells (10, 11). CTGF gene expression is increased in human foreskin fibroblasts after activation with transforming growth factor b (TGF-b), but not other growth factors, including PDGF, epidermal growth factor, and basic fibroblast growth factor (15). The CTGF gene encodes a 38-kDa prepeptide of 349 amino acids (10). In the present study, we report the expression of recombinant human CTGF (rhCTGF) in a baculovirus system, and we demonstrate that the 36-kDa CTGF protein specifically binds IGFs. CTGF thus meets criteria that define it as another member of the IGFBP superfamily, IGFBP-8. We further propose that the six high-affinity IGFBPs and the four potential low-affinity IGFBPs constitute a superfamily of proteins that regulate cell growth through both IGF-dependent and IGF-independent actions. MATERIALS AND METHODS Peptides and Proteins. Recombinant human IGF-I was obtained from Bachem, and recombinant human IGF-II was provided by Eli Lilly. [Gln6,Ala7,Tyr18,Leu19,Leu27]IGF-II ([QAYLL]IGF-II), a synthetic IGF-II analog, was synthesized as described previously (16). Recombinant human IGFBP-3E. coli, a nonglycosylated 29-kDa core protein exThe publication costs of this article were defrayed in part by page charge payment. This article must therefore be hereby marked ''advertisement'' in accordance with 18 U.S.C. §1734 solely to indicate this fact. © 1997 by The National Academy of Sciences 0027-8424y97y9412981-6$2.00y0 PNAS is available online at http:yywww.pnas.org. Abbreviations: IGF, insulin-like growth factor; IGFBP, IGF binding protein; CTGF, connective tissue growth factor; rhCTGF, recombinant human CTGF; PDGF, platelet-derived growth factor; [QAYLL]IGF-II, [Gln6,Ala7,Tyr18,Leu19,Leu27]IGF-II; Endo F, endoglycosidase F; WLB, Western ligand blot. *To whom reprint requests should be addressed at: Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Oregon Health Sciences University, 3181 S.W. Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR 97201. e-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com.


HIV is one of the deadliest viruses in the history of mankind, it is the root cause of Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) around the world. Despite the fact that the antiviral therapy used a...


This research presents the risk management system, based on the landslide and floods cases in the roads of the State of Santa Catarina, in southern Brasil. Here are exposed, with the aid of the mapping made possible by the RBC network, the identification of phenomena and alternatives for management activities, through prevention, monitoring, attention and response.


A computationall y efficient procedure for the design of shock-free supercritical wings is described. The method utilizes the fictitious-gas concept coupled with an improved version of the Jameson-Caughey fullpotential finite-difference code, FLO-22, for analyzing three-dimensional wings. The computation of the velocity components at the plane of symmetry in the analysis code is modified to simulate the flow on isolated wings more accurately. In addition, the improved version of FLO-22 is capable of handling the wing-fuselage interference effect. The present design method computes the surface geometry beneath the supersonic region so as to eliminate the shock waves normally associated with transonic flight. Results for redesigned rectangular and swept wings are presented that indicate significant wave-drag reduction and improved aerodynamic characteristics when compared with the baseline wing.


Objectives: Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy (SBRT) has become one of the standard therapies for lung, liver and spine tumors but its role in gynecological cancers (GYN) has not been well defined. In the published literature, there exist significant variations in the clinical and technical factors of GYN SBRT technique among different treatment centers. The aim of this study is to determine technical and clinical factors in the use of SBRT for GYN among expert radiation oncologists. Methods: A comprehensive 63 question survey on GYN SBRT was sent out to 11 radiation oncologists who have published original research, conducted clinical trials or have an established GYN SBRT program at their institutions in 5 different countries. The items addressed included clinical and technical factors such as eligibility criteria, indications, pretreatment evaluation, target delineation, treatment planning technique, dose regimen, dose constraints and post-SBRT response evaluation. Responses were collected and analyzed at a central institution. Results: Most respondents indicated that SBRT could be considered as salvage therapy for nodal (81%) and primary recurrent disease (91%) when brachytherapy is not feasible. All other indications should be considered in a clinical trial setting. Most would not use SBRT as a boost after external beam radiotherapy in primary treatment unless a patient has absolute contraindications to brachytherapy or is on a clinical trial. The most commonly used SBRT device for treatment delivery were LINAC with cone-beam CT and Cyberknife (7 centres each).Multi-modality imaging, including PET, contrast CT and MRI, is often (91%) used for treatment planning. Bladder protocols and fiducial markers are commonly used (81%) for CT simulation. There is a wide variation in dose constraints used for organs-at-risk (OARs). Small bowel is considered the dose-limiting structure for most experts (91%). Fractionation regimens range from 3-6 fractions for definitive and boost SBRT. For boost treatments, total EQD2 range from 64 Gy to 85 Gy, when prescribing to a CTV. Conclusions: Based on the results of this survey, there exist significant differences in GYN SBRT practice among different centers across the globe. There is a good consensus that nodal and recurrent disease is considered a potential indication for SBRT. However, no consensus can Open Access Abstract


Introduction The present research looked into both dependence of CNT content on mechanical and electrical properties in low density polyethylene (LDPE) contain CNT compounds. Experimental Materials and Sample Preparation Low density polyethylene (LDPE) as granules with grade LH0075, density of 0.921 g. cm −3 and a MFI of 0.89 g.(10 min) −1 , was obtained from the Bandar Imam Petrochemical Company (Iran). Sample preparation LDPECNT powder (CNT) composites were prepared by melt-blending commercial LDPE with CNT powder in a Brabender mixer. CNT powder was supplied by Nanostructrued and Amorphous Materials Inc. Mixing time was set to 15 min at 120 ◦ C to disperse CNT powder into LDPE matrix more uniformly and to avoid thermal degradation of LDPE, LDPE/CNT compounds were pre-heated for 5 min, and then compression molded according to ASTM D-1928 into sheets (with dimensions of 150×150×2 mm) at 150 oC under a pressure of 10MPa for 3 min. Tensile strength (TS) and Elongation at Break (EB) TS and EB were determined according to ASTM D-638-03-2003 on an Instron model 4411 testing machine (UK). The test procedure was carried out at a cross head speed of 50 mm/min and room temperature conditions. Electrical Properties Samples for dielectric and conductivity measurements were coated with silver paint prior to measurements. Two metallic electrodes were then connected to samples using silver wires. The dielectric constant and resistivity of samples were measured by employing an impedance analyzer (Agilent model 4294) in frequency range of 40–10 7 Hz at room temperature. The dielectric constant was determined using an AndoTRS10T and 6303 dielectric loss measurement system (ANDO Electric Co., Japan and FRIBORG Co. Sweden) in accordance with ASTM D-149 and 150 using an Ando insulation resistance set at 23°C and a frequency of 1 MHz.


The title of this study is "Stuttering Treatment: What do Doctors do in Bangladesh?" The aim of this study was "To determine the current practice of doctors about the treatment of stuttering in Bangladesh." The specific objectives were "To identify the treatments of stuttering that are usually provided by doctors" and "To identify the preferences of the doctors for the treatment of stuttering." The study is based on phenomenological design under qualitative research method. The sample of the study was the paediatricians or general physicians or medicine specialists who are continuing their practices for at least 2 years. The number of sample was 7 who were selected from the population through purposive sampling method. In this study, face to face interviewing technique was applied to collect data using a 13-item semi-structured questionnaire (includes both close ended and open ended questions). The data obtained were analysed through content analysis procedure. The result of the study showed that the participating doctors use evidence based diagnosis procedure. In case of providing treatment, they often use medicine and strategies e.g. shaping, relaxation etc.separately. But there is no evident basis of their using treatment strategies as there is no part included in the main course curriculum. They prefer to use those simultaneously. Participating doctors agreed that there are underlying psychological and physiological impairments and also have personality trait characteristics among the PWS. The responses of the participants indicate that they prefer to treat the PWS in MDT approach. They have some basic ideas about SLTs e.g. who are they, how they work etc. but they do not know about the current practices of SLT in Bangladesh. They do know that SLTs play effective roles in the treatment of stuttering CHAPTER


This paper proposes a modified approach to data security using the concept of genetic algorithm and RSA cryptography to encrypt and decrypt the data. Genetic algorithms are a class of optimization algorithms which can be used to solve many problems through modeling a simplified version of genetic processes. Using Genetic Algorithm we can keep the strength of the key to be good, still make the whole algorithm good enough. We introduce a modified ciphering technique that lead to a modified ciphering system that can be used in encrypting data. This system is combination of symmetrical system using Genetic algorithm Inspired Cryptography and asymmetrical system using RSA cryptography to make the key very complex to reinforce resistance to cryptanalysis. The first operation is asymmetrical using genetic optimization to generate the key. The second operation of the modified ciphering technique is by using RSA algorithm. The key produced is non-repeating and thus making the cipher almost difficult to break. The feature of such an approach includes high data security and high feasibility for practical implementation.


The fundamentals of the digital multi-point stretching process were introduced. The numerical simulations for the traditional stretching and the digital multi-point stretching process of the saddle part were performed by ANSYS/LS-DYNA software.The generation and suppression of dimples in the multi-point stretching process were studied.The results showed that the enveloping dimple and the concave-convex dimple are the main styles produced in the multi-point stretching process.The dimples can be suppressed effectively by application of the elastic cushion and the thicker the elastic cushion the better its dimple suppression effect,but thick cushion leads to large error between the shape of the obtained part and its target shape.The work piece with smooth surface and small error can be achieved by the elastic cushion with appropriate thickness.


One of the mechanisms responsible for the extraordinary optical transmission of metallic gratings with narrow slits is attributed to the slit waveguide mode. We show that by constructing two-constituent metal/dielectric gratings with subwavelength slits and changing the material as well as the width of the cladding layer attached to the sidewall of the slit, the transmission resonances can be significantly modified. Since the dielectric cladding layer forms an additional dielectric cavity, the waveguide mode of the dielectric cladding layer channel contributes an extra transmission resonance. Normalized magnetic field intensity distributions confirm this conclusion.One of the mechanisms responsible for the extraordinary optical transmission of metallic gratings with narrow slits is attributed to the slit waveguide mode. We show that by constructing two-constituent metal/dielectric gratings with subwavelength slits and changing the material as well as the width of the cladding layer attached to the sidewall of the slit, the transmission resonances can be significantly modified. Since the dielectric cladding layer forms an additional dielectric cavity, the waveguide mode of the dielectric cladding layer channel contributes an extra transmission resonance. Normalized magnetic field intensity distributions confirm this conclusion.


We developed a dynamic state variable model of individual migrating shorebirds for use in testing hypotheses about spring migration strategies of the Pectoral Sandpiper Calidris melanotos. We conducted model sensitivity analyses to determine how predicted migration schedules might vary with respect to the landscape and the physical environment. In landscapes with closely spaced, high-quality stopovers, female Pectoral Sandpipers can vary widely in their migration schedules and still arrive on the breeding grounds early enough and with sufficient energy reserves to achieve maximum reproductive success. Such a population might appear quite variable, and show no stopover patterns, even if all individuals were making optimal decisions. Latitudinal gradients in temperature and photoperiod differentially affect a bird's energy budget as it moves northward in the spring. Stopovers at more northerly locations are associated with higher metabolic rates, lower food abundance in early spring, and longer days for feeding. The optimal migration schedule in these conditions can be quite different from that in a homogeneous environment, and patterns observed in the field can be misinterpreted if the environmental gradients are not considered. The landscape and the physical environment shape migration schedules and influence one's ability to interpret patterns observed at stopovers. Modeling these factors may lead to new insights about migration adaptations in heterogeneous environments.


Silicon-on-insulator (SOI) devices have several advantages. Small parasitic capacitances make them useful for high-speed, low-power and low-voltage LSIs. SOI devices are soft-error free, latchup free, and have a high-density layout due to complete isolation. In this paper, we report a 0.25 /spl mu/m CMOS/SIMOX 300 kG gate array LSI using fully-depleted MOSFETs fabricated on a low-dose high-quality SIMOX substrate.


With great interest, we read the paper by Gyongyosi et al. 1 who describe the results of the ReoPro-BRIDGING trial. However, we feel that the study results should be interpreted with caution. The primary endpoint is the corrected TIMI frame count (CTFC) of the infarct related vessel (IRV) at initial angiography. However, the limitation of CTFC is that it can only be measured in patients with TIMI 2 flow or more, as the dye will not reach …


This study discusses the effect of product attributes and promotion mix on softex sanitary buying interest in Blok M Mall, South Jakarta. The aim is to find out the factors that influence consumer buying interest. Because at this time the increasingly fierce product competition in the sanitary napkin business, with the emergence of new brands. The analytical method used is research The method used is a quantitative method. The sampling technique used was the simple random sampling method, which is a sampling technique that was randomly random sampling, the number of respondents was 150 people. Data collection by observation, documentation and questionnaire. Testing indicators or questionnaires from calculations using SPSS 20. From the results of the analysis there is a significant effect between product attributes and promotion mix on buying interest. The results of this study indicate that product attributes and promotion mix of positive relations to buying interest with multiple correlation analysis coefficients indicate the Adjusted R Square number of 0.851 this means 85.1% from consumer buying interest can be explained by the variation of the two independent variables namely product attributes and promotion mix, while the remaining 14.9% consumer buying interest is influenced by other variables.


Despite the advantages of instant messaging (IM) such as simple and fast messaging, IM cannot be considered as effective as face-to-face actual conversation. The current message-by-message interface shows a gap with actual conversation in terms of temporal structure and information dimension levels. Our study investigated the real-time text-displaying interface as a way of shortening this gap. A comparative user study was conducted with three types of IM interfaces to compare and analyze the duration of silence (short pause when nobody types through the IM) quantitatively. Varying chatting experiences in each IM interface were qualitatively measured through a focus group interview. We report the study results regarding the reduced duration of silence, non-verbal expression channel, and new texting techniques found in the real-time text interface. We also discuss design implications for improving the conversing experience for IM interfaces.


First a survey is given of the present state of automation in shipbuilding, by describing permanently wired as well as freely programmed automatic systems. Further, the technological and structural details of jet engines and gas turbines used as main propulsion plants for shipboard application are described. From the example of a series of plants already completed, the automatic system is then explained in regard to its system components and overall function, with which fully automatic operation of such plants has been made possible. The results of system examinations at the analog computer supplement and complete the paper.Copyright © 1970 by ASME


Objective: To study the early rehabilitation on quality of life in patients with acute stroke.. Method:80 hemiplegics patients who suffered from acute stroke were randomly divided into two groups:40 cases in the early rehabilitation group,40 cases in the control group.Patients in the rehabilitation group were given clinical treatment and regular physical therapy, speech therapy and so on.While those in the control group were given clinical treatment,and the evaluation was done in pre-treatment and post 6 months afterward. QOL was assessed with WHO-BEEF questionnaire of Chinese version.The evaluation was done in pre-treatment and post-6-month respectively.Result:The QOL scores in the two groups had a significant difference(P0.05),the process of scores in the rehabilitation group were obviously superior to that in the control group(P0.05).Conclusion:Early rehabilitation training on patients with acute stroke may obviously improve their QOL scores.


The distribution of seismic intensities was investigated by means of a mail survey at about 500 locations distributed in Tohoku district, when an earthquake with magnitude 6.2 occured at southeastern part of Akita Prefecture on october 16, 1970. The details of the mail were determined by subdividing the descriptive items of JMA intensity scale, arranging the modified and expanded items which were made by UTSU (1969). The purposes were an investigation of microzoning map by the mail survey method, of anomalous vibrational characteristics of subsoil layer over all Tohoku district and of forms of contours of the larger seismic intensity by the mail survey method, as the epicenter was roughly in the center of Tohoku district. In this paper, we tried to investigate a few main factors of the seismic intensity structure subdivided into many descriptive items. And we used a factor analysis to invesigate them. In other words, it is one of the main objects of the factor analysis in the multivariate analysis method to make clear interdependence among the multivariate (descriptive items in seismic intensity) and to find out some significant inf ormations for interpretation of the seismic intensity structure. As a result of analysis, it was found that a model of the seismic intensity structure agreed well with a factor model which was composed of degree of human feeling, effects on indoor objects, effects on buildings and the damages, and effects on other structure and nature (cracks and fissures on land, falling stones, landslides and slumps, and cracks on paved and unpaved roads), etc.. And it was found that the first factor loading determining the seismic intensity was mainly the effects on indoor objects (especially, objects on shelves such as flower vases, tableware, books, articles in stores, and water in open vessels such as goldfish bowls). Furthermore, it was shown that a score table which was here used to determine the detailed distribution of seismic intensities did not apply to the seismic intensities 1,6 and 6+. Next to the factor loadings, factor scores were computed about each sample (location where the mail survey was made). As a resul of the computation, it was found that such an analysis method as a factor analysis is useful for finding out some characteristics of the locations, i. e., the ground vibration and the effects on buildings and nature, etc..


Imaging sedimentary basins in the context of oil and gas exploration entails different but complementary objectives. Understanding the tectonic architecture of a basin requires acquisition and processing strategies that differ from those strategies that are required to understand play fairways and prospects. In this paper we demonstrate effective processing strategies that produce clear and consistent images of the Moho discontinuity and elements of the crystalline basement, with equally clear images of the sedimentary section showing amplitude anomalies consistent with the presence of hydrocarbons.


Heritage objects are affected by many factors that affect degradation over time and damage to historical sites. For this reason, it is necessary to carry out continuous monitoring using non-invasive techniques for Structural Health Monitoring and plan the conservation works. This article aims to present the results of a project that involved long-term monitoring using surveying techniques such as precise tacheometric measurements, precise levelling, inclinometric measurements and crack measurements using crack gauges. This paper presents the results of multisensor monitoring of displacements and cracks in the building, which contributed to the conservation efforts and prevent works. A research object is St.  Anne's Church in Warsaw. It is one of the few in Warsaw that wasn't destroyed during World War II.


At the Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE), a proton beam hits a fixed target leading to large production rates of mesons. These mesons can decay and potentially provide a source of long-lived neutral fermions. Examples of such long-lived fermions are heavy neutral leptons which can mix with the standard-model active neutrinos, and the bino-like lightest neutralino in R-parity-violating supersymmetry. We show that the Standard Model Effective Field Theory extended with right-handed singlet neutrinos can simultaneously describe heavy neutral leptons and bino-like neutralinos in a unified manner. We use the effective-field-theory framework to determine the sensitivity reach of the DUNE near detector in probing various scenarios of long-lived neutral fermions.


The around orbit parameters and small body physical parameters determination methods are studied based on Square Root Information Filter(SRIF).Due to a great deal of parameters to be estimated and the complexity of the dynamics,the SRIF is designed to process the integrated navigation data and estimate the gravity field,rotation,and ephemeris of small body and orbit parameters of probe.The mathematic simulation experiments using the measuring data of Eros433 small body have validated the algorithm.


Scope of this paper is to analyse four subcarrier allocation algorithms for multicellular OFDMA networks, namely coordinated, sequential, random and an innovative technique of cell splitting, that uses both random and coordinated subcarrier allocation. Common characteristic of these subcarrier allocation algorithms is that they do not require knowledge of channel state information (CSI) at the transmitter, a fact that leads to more efficient use of available bandwidth, lower algorithmic complexity and faster decision making. The algorithms are studied for an OFDMA multicellular network. Simulation results show that a multicellular OFDMA network is able to provide real broadband wireless access, with offered bit rate to reach 20 Mbps per cell, even without CSI knowledge.


Accurate estimates of forest site productivity are an essential part of forest management. Only a few approaches exist for estimating site productivity of natural uneven-aged forests. This study compared two approaches: dominant height (DH)–dominant diameter (DD) modelling and DH–stand age (A) modelling in terms of their prediction accuracy for site productivity. We developed the models based on both the algebraic difference approach (ADA) and ADA with mixed-effects modelling. Data originated from four sets of continuous measurements on natural Mongolian Oak (Quercus mongolica Fisch.) and Korean Larch (Larix olgensis Henry.) in northeastern China. The leave-one-out cross-validation was applied to evaluate the models. The results showed that the prediction accuracies of the DH–DD models were significantly higher than that of the DH–A models. The inclusion of block-level random effects significantly increased the accuracies of both the DH–A models and DH–DD models. Compared with the DH–A models, the DH–DD models did not require age measurements which is time-consuming and difficult, but the DD and DH measurements are available from the routine inventories and compatible with the existing forest inventory data. Therefore, the nonlinear mixed-effects DH–DD models are recommended to estimate site productivity of the natural forests.


to aggregate U.S. output. But over the past decade, they have been become critical inputs in the production of a wide range of goods, such as computers, toys, appliances, and automobiles. Because of their critical nature in the production process and the difficulty (or impossibility) of finding viable substitutes, semiconductor shortages have had important global effects. These dynamics have also affected foreign policy. In October 2022, the U.S. Commerce Department's Bureau of Industry and Security instituted a new round of restrictions on U.S. exports of various semiconductor manufacturing technologies to companies in the People's Republic of China.1 This measure, which followed a series of bans and controls throughout 2022,2 was put in place to guard against the potential use of these technologies in the advancement of military weapons. To illuminate the bigger picture, we use data from the U.S. Census to examine the aggregate dynamics of semiconductor trade and the degree of U.S. dependence on foreign inflows of semiconductors.3 We list the key countries from which the U.S. imports semiconductors and the major destinations of U.S. semiconductor exports, with additional focus on China and Taiwan. U.S. Trade of Semiconductors: Cross-Country Patterns and Historical Dynamics


This paper gives a few formulas about calcalating number of number prime and prime number couple,then in the base,proves Goldbach's problem and twin prime number problem.


LabVIEW® was used to create a virtual instrument that automates the process of in vitro fertilization. The system allows doctors to use a computer to inspect, fertilize, measure, and manipulate a human egg through a microscope. © 1998 National Instruments. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Lab Robotics and Automation 10: 113–114, 1998


Reprint request to: Celeste C. Ong-Ramos, M.D., St. Luke's Medical Center, 279 E. Rodriguez Sr. Boulevard Quezon City, Philippines Email: email@example.com Background: Endocrine malignancy in the Filipino population has not been well documented particularly on the incidence, prevalence, demographic profile and survival rate. It is the aim of this study to determine the prevalence rate and demographic profile of all endocrine malignancies diagnosed at a tertiary hospital.


Contemporary observations of marine foraging in a variety of settings suggest that some mollusks tend to be over-represented in middens because of differential preservation relative to other mollusk species as well as other organisms. Ethnoarchaeologists have often relied on the 'typical' pattern of shell-midden disposal for interpreting variation in assemblage composition in the past. This stems from describing and explaining the material consequences of behavior rather than understanding behavior itself. Behavioral ecology with its concern for the variable costs and benefits in decisions about culling activities and transport of prey types promises to improve the quality of behavioral inferences. This paper examines the relationship between two foraging models, prey choice and central-place, among intertidal/shallow subtidal mollusk gatherers in Western Kiribati, Micronesia, and a comparison is made with similar work previously carried out in the Torres Strait, Australia. Results show that decisions about mollusk culling and transport can be predicted by prey attributes within a cost/benefit framework. The research also highlights unanticipated variability and may contribute to the debate on indigenous conservation of resources.


Focused Clinical Question: In the past, implants were placed where the bone was. This mode of treatment often led to implant-related complications, such as peri-implant soft-tissue recession, esthetic challenges, and fractured implants and/or associated suprastructures. Therefore, advances in soft-tissue and bone augmentation techniques have enabled implants to be placed in an ideal three-dimensional position, thus ensuring adequate peri-implant soft tissue and bone thickness for a stable and successful long-term treatment outcome. The present report aims to answer the question: What are the clinical guidelines for implant placement to achieve long-term success?Summary: In the maxillary anterior region where esthetics is of paramount importance, 2 mm of buccal bone anterior to the implant is preferred. This ensures stability of the buccal bone plate, minimizing peri-implant mucosal recession. To achieve an esthetic emergence profile, the implant platform is generally placed 3 to 4 mm apical to the cemento...


To investigate the low-cost reasonable design of a pipe-framed greenhouse (pipe house) under snow load, seven numerical finite element models of simple pipe houses were analyzed by stress analysis and buckling analysis. These determined the optimum position of bracing for pipe houses. The influence of the width and ridge height of the structure and the section modulus of the arch pipes on the upper limit of the allowable snow load was also obtained. Moreover, the relationship between a reasonable pipe house design and the arch pipe used for the structure was investigated. For the structures modified by the addition of two tension braces at points between 63% to 70% of the ridge height, the allowable snow load was significantly increased. The influence of addition of braces was remarkable for wider spans. There was little influence from the difference of the ridge height of the pipe house on the maximum allowable snow load for the heights considered using stress analysis. However, the maximum allowable snow load obtained by the buckling analysis decreased 54% as the ridge height increased so a buckling analysis is important. Considering the change of the support condition due to softening of the ground, increasing the size of the pipe section increases the allowable pipe spacing and reduces the total steel mass and shading of the structure. For a typical size pipe house, by replacing arch pipes of 19.1 mm diameter with 1.1 mm thickness by pipes of 42.7 mm diameter with 2.0 mm thickness, steel mass and shading rate decreased by 58% and 77% respectively.


With tech taking over most of the life process in recent times, primary education still lacks interactive processes using technology in the process of "Learning by Doing". Most of the Ed. techs offer visual learning with no or near-to-zero input by children. Tinker Hunt can be a possible and one of its kind of interactive learning application used to tackle the same. A rough sketching input by children can yield results over the internet in the form of pictures, detailed information, etc. Tinker Hunt is created using Google's QuickDraw Dataset, using hundreds of sketch patterns for multiple categories of icon-level doodles, collected from hundreds of individuals that are recognized by CNN trained model. Also, the app is tested for high accuracy in sketch recognition and categorization. Key Word: Machine Learning; QuickDraw Dataset; Interactive Learning; Convolutional Neural Network; Artificial Neural Network


Background. Glioblastoma is associated with poor prognosis and high mortality. Although the use of first-line temozolomide can reduce tumor growth, therapy-induced stress drives stem cells out of quiescence, leading to chemoresistance and glioblastoma recurrence. The specificity protein 1 (Sp1) transcription factor is known to protect glioblastoma cells against temozolomide; however, how tumor cells hijack this factor to gain resistance to therapy is not known. Methods. Sp1 acetylation in temozolomide-resistant cells and stemlike tumorspheres was analyzed by immunoprecipitation and immunoblotting experiments. Effects of the histone deacetylase (HDAC)/Sp1 axis on malignant growth were examined using cell proliferation–related assays and in vivo experiments. Furthermore, integrative analysis of gene expression with chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing and the recurrent glioblastoma omics data were also used to further determine the target genes of the HDAC/Sp1 axis. Results. We identified Sp1 as a novel substrate of HDAC6, and observed that the HDAC1/2/6/Sp1 pathway promotes self-renewal of malignancy by upregulating B cell-specific Mo-MLV integration site 1 (BMI1) and human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT), as well as by regulating G2/M progression and DNA repair via alteration of the transcription of various genes. Importantly, HDAC1/2/6/Sp1 activation is associated with poor clinical outcome in both glioblastoma and low-grade gliomas. However, treatment with azaindolyl sulfonamide, a potent HDAC6 inhibitor with partial efficacy against HDAC1/2, induced G2/M arrest and senescence in both temozolomide-resistant cells and stemlike tumorspheres. Conclusion. Our study uncovers previously unknown in HDAC6/Sp1 axis induces cell division and maintains the stem cell population to fuel tumor growth and therapeutic resistance. a critical pathway promoting tumor cell growth against current therapies for GBM. to CSCs, 7,8 which upregulate stress signaling pathways to maintain cancer cell survival and stemness. 34 The results of Fig. 1 showed that HDAC6 induction, HDAC1/2/6/ Sp1 interaction, and Sp1 deacetylation were observed after long-term TMZ treatment or stressful sphere culture, implying that the HDAC1/2/6/Sp1 axis is a stress-response pathway. Notably, we further observed that HDAC1/2/6/ Sp1 activation was associated with poor clinical outcome in patients with gliomas. However, inhibition of this axis by MPT0B291 treatment or knockdown approaches caused an obvious induction of G2/M arrest and senescence in both TMZ-resistant cells and stemlike tumorspheres. In conclusion, our study uncovers the HDAC1/2/6/Sp1 axis as an important pathway for cancer chemoprevention/stress protection via maintenance of tumor cell division and stemness. Hence, targeting of this axis can be a promising therapeutic approach for GBM. Supplementary data are available at Neuro-Oncology online.


The controlled nitroxide-mediated copolymerization of glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) and styrene (S) with varying GMA molar feed fractions (fGMA,0 = 0.12–0.94) was accomplished by using a SG1-based alkoxyamine initiator bearing a N-succinimidyl ester group (NHS-BlocBuilder) in 50 wt% 1,4-dioxane solution at 90 °C. Copolymerizations indicated linear evolution of number average molecular weight Mn with respect to conversion up to approximately 50% and narrow molecular weight distributions with Mw/Mn = 1.22–1.44 and GMA incorporation into copolymer (FGMA) as high as 0.92. No additional SG1 free nitroxide was required to control polymerizations, even at high fGMA,0. Chain extensions of poly(GMA-ran-S) macroinitiators with S at 110 °C yielded a high fraction of block copolymer in most cases (except at the highest FGMA), as clear, monomodal shifts in Mn using gel permeation chromatography (GPC) were observed, thereby suggesting the poly(GMA-ran-S) macroinitiators were substantially "living".


We present the early results of the Bernese osteotomy via an ilioinguinal approach performed at an U.K. district general hospital with no links to the Bernese group. Between 1997 and 2002, 19 such osteotomies have been performed at our institution. Average follow-up is 3.2 years (range: 1–5.5 years). The male: female ratio was 1: 8.5. Average age at time of operation was 32.3 years (range 18 – 48). 14 were classified as having Severin grade 2 dysplasia and 5 as having Severin grade 3 dysplasia. The average preoperative Merle d'Aubigne and Postel score was 12.7 points (range 6 – 15). 21.1% of patients were rated as good, as 57.8% fair and 21.1% poor. At most recent follow-up of preserved hip joints total mean score had increased to 16.3 (range 13 – 18). 26.3% of hips were graded as excellent, 58.9% as good and 14.8% as fair. The average postoperative values for the lateral centre-edge angle and acetabular index were 42.3° and 10.0° respectively which represents an average of 31.4° and 24.7° of improved lateral and loading zone coverage after osteotomy. The preoperative severity of osteoarthritis according to the criteria of Tonnis was grade 1 in 15.8% and grade 2 in 26.3%. Only one joint deteriorated sufficiently for it to be converted to a total hip arthroplasty. There was an overall complication rate of 59.9% comprised of 47.4% trivial, 10.4% moderate and 0.05% major complications. Our early results demonstrate the steep learning curve of this technically demanding operation and are encouraging.


Investigations at the Delta Experiment Station during ttie past fifteen years, as well as trials elsewhere, have indicated that nitrogen is the onlyessential plant food element which has become deficient in the soils of the Mississippi Delta, and that the use of commercial nitrogenous fertilizers is often profitable practice. The following is an account of certain experiments which have been made, under plantation conditions, on the estate of the Delta and Pine Land Company of Mississippi, in Bolivar County, to determine what gains in the crop are to be expected from the use of nitrate


Conjugation is a bacterial mechanism for DNA transfer from a donor cell to a wide range 15 of recipients, including both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. In contrast to conventional DNA 16 delivery techniques, such as electroporation and chemical transformation, conjugation eliminates 17 the need for DNA extraction, thereby preventing DNA damage during isolation. While most 18 established conjugation protocols allow for DNA transfer in liquid media or on a solid surface, we 19 developed a procedure for conjugation within solid media. Such a protocol may expand conjugation 20 as a tool for DNA transfer to species that require semi-solid or solid media for growth. Conjugation 21 within solid media could also provide a more stable microenvironment in which the conjugative 22 pilus can establish and maintain contact with recipient cells for the successful delivery of plasmid 23 DNA. Furthermore, transfer in solid media may enhance the ability to transfer plasmids and 24 chromosomes greater than 100 kbp. Using our optimized method, plasmids of varying sizes were 25 tested for transfer from E. coli to S. cerevisiae. We demonstrated that there was no substantial 26 decrease in conjugation frequency as plasmid size increased—up to 138.5 kbp in length. Finally, we 27 established an efficient PCR-based synthesis protocol to generate custom conjugative plasmids. 28


The utility model discloses a laminated film composite waterproof coiled material which is formed by combining a laminated film layer with a bonding sealant layer; the layer structure is as follows: the laminated film layer, the bonding sealant layer, and an isolating film protection layer; the bonding sealant layer of the composite waterproof coiled material penetrates into cement gel and concrete capillary pores by peristalsis during the solidification process of cement and concrete to form physical adsorption and mortise-tenon effects, so as to realize tight and firm bonding effect. The polymer laminated film layer has excellent tearing resistance and puncture resistance, can greatly enhance the firmness degree of the waterproof layer, and thus has the performance of large adhesive power, puncture resistance, tearing resistance, waterproofness, and water channeling resistance. The laminated film composite waterproof coiled material is suitable for waterproof seepage-resistance engineering.


PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a plant cultivating device having a plurality kinds of artificial light sources which irradiate light of different wavelength, and having a simple electric circuit of a light emitting part and free from the need of a heat generating measurement of the light source, in spite of capable of controlling a wavelength of light to be irradiated to a plant. SOLUTION: This plant cultivating device has a light emitting part which has a plurality kinds of light sources which irradiate light of different wavelength, and a driving part which makes the light emitting part perform repetitive motion. COPYRIGHT: (C)2009,JPO&INPIT


v TABLE OF CONTENTS vi LIST OF TABLES xi LIST OF FIGURES xii ACRONYMS xiii OPERATIONAL DEFINITION OF TERMS AND PHRASES xiv CHAPTER 1


The Bowman and Shenton approximate percentage points for Pearson distributions are extended to include some cases for which the skewness β1 exceeds four.Use is made of the reciprocity property existing between the Pearson Type VI distribution and the Type I distribution


Abstract The aim of this paper is to explore the identity of the teacher as a dialectical being that is in permanent construction, to identify some obstacles teachers might find in this process while operating in an institutional framework, and the effects these could have upon the teacher and the goals she pursues with her students. By ruling out the idea of identity as an autonomous self that can be constructed with no ties with its context, we propose that identity is dialogical and is built through the relationships we establish with others. This fact situates the relationship between the student and the teacher at the center of pedagogical practices and allows us to establish the ideas of teacher presence and integrity as central elements for the moral development of students. In this context, we identify the excessive institutionalization of the role of the teacher as a cause for the reduction of identity and a defensive retreat to the possible outcomes of being judged by strictly formal criteria, which in turn can hinder the relation between student and teacher and risks possible negative consequences in the moral growth of both.


Sport dancing is an emerging sport event,and widely enjoyed by numerous teachers and students with its unique function of education,body building and aesthetic education appearing in college physical education major.Through using the method of literature,investigation and statistical analysis,this paper put forward the important value of sport dance promoting in physical education major.The main purpose is to promote the flourish development of sport dance in physical education major.


This chapter assesses the formal constitutional framework of authorization of foreign deployments of uniformed personnel, both formed units and individual service members. The initial volume of the Fourth Restatement of Foreign Relations Law does not ponder general matters of separation of powers and specifically in the realm of foreign affairs and national security. Apparently, this discussion is left to subsequent installments. The Third Restatement briefly addressed the separation of powers in foreign relations, in particular referring to the "continuing controversy as to whether the President can deploy the forces of the United States on his own authority for foreign policy purposes short of war, and, if so, whether that authority is subject to Congressional control. Nor is it agreed to what extent Congress can control decisions of the President as Commander in Chief in the conduct of wars authorized by Congress." The United States is not unique in that respect, and similar controversies, whether in law or in practice, may and do occur in other jurisdictions. This chapter offers a comparative perspective, drawing from experiences of the Russian Federation and its predecessor, the Soviet Union and its heirs.


Pressure-swing distillation is based on the fact that composition at azeotropic point will vary with variation of operational pressure,by which separation of liquid mixtures of the lowest azeotropic point will be effectively realized. There are some classical azeotropes like tetrahydrofuran-ethanol and benzene-cyclohexane,which share the common property that the lowest azeotropic point appears in the vapor-liquid equilibrium relationship,making them hard to separate experimentally and industrially.In this research vapor-liquid equilibrium relationships of tetrahydrofuran-ethanol and benzene-cyclohexane were analyzed and the feasibility of pressureswing distillation was discussed.Pressure-swing distillation flow-sheet of tetrahydrofuranethanol liquid mixture was presented.Technological parameters were optimized after process analysis and Aspen Plus simulation via the NRTL-RK method.Tetrahydrofuran-ethanol azeotrope could be separated with a two column pressure-swing distillation process effectively.It will be helpful in guiding the process design for separation of azeotrope.


The present study deals with constructing an automatic low-cost crystallizer system. The studyof the produced sample is important to judge the performance of the constructed unit. A well-known TGS(Tri-Glycine Sulfate) sample was grown and some physical properties of the produced crystal weremeasured should be compared with another resemble published results. The growth of TGS crystal isaffected by programmable temperature decrease method, where the solubility decreases as thetemperature be lowered thus the cooling of a supersaturated solution will often produce crystals. Sincerapid cooling may cause the precipitation of amorphous solid or parasite crystals, it is advisable tosurround the crystal growth apparatus with an insulating medium to slow down the rate of cooling (afoam covering is used in our study.)Growth program takes nearly 10 to 12 days and is automatically driven by computer whichcontrols all the growth conditions like stepper motor speed, regulation of temperature decrease (0.5oCeach 12 hours). The speed of the stepper motor according to the program is 30 RPM (rotation per minute)in first five days of growth and 15 RPM afterwards.Keywords: crystal; computerized; crystallizer; ferroelectric properties.


Background: Oral health is considered as a prominent factor that contribute to quality of life. Hormonal changes during pregnancy can in�uence oral health. Message framing can play an important role in motivating oral health behaviors. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of message framing on the oral health behaviors and dental plaque among pregnant women. Methods: This randomized �eld trial was conducted in 2017 on 108 pregnant women in Izeh county, Iran.The participants were randomly divided into three groups; gain-framed, loss-framed, and control group. The research instrument included a two parts questionnaire containing demographic information and oral health knowledge, attitude, behavioral intention, self-ecacy, practice, and dental plaque index. Gain-and loss-framed messages were sent to the intervention groups via cell phones, but the control group did not receive any messages. The participants' dental plaque were clinically assessed. Data were analyzed using SPSS version, 23.0. P-value less than 0.05 was considered statistically signi�cant. Results: The mean scores of knowledge, attitude, behavioral intention, and self-ecacy were signi�cantly increased in the gain-and loss-framed intervention groups (gain knowledge (6.05±1.90; CI:5.40-6.71); gain attitude(5.00±3.61; CI:3.75-6.24); gain behavioral intention (2.91±1.59; CI:2.36-3.46); gain self-ecacy (4.42±2.69; CI:3.50-5.35); loss knowledge (5.71±1.52; CI:5.19-6.23); loss attitude (4.54±2.67; CI:3.62-5.46); loss behavioral intention (2.25±1.94; CI:1.58-2.92); loss self-ecacy (3.97±2.60; CI:3.07-4.86) (p<0.001). No signi�cant difference was observed in the control group (knowledge (0.38±1.45; CI:0.12-0.89, p=0.135); attitude (0.88±3


We demonstrate that the spin orientation of an electron propagating in a one-dimensional nanostructure with Rashba spin-orbit (SO) coupling can be manipulated on demand by changing the geometry of the nanosystem. Shape deformations that result in a non-uniform curvature give rise to complex three-dimensional spin textures in space. We employ the paradigmatic example of an elliptically deformed quantum ring to unveil the way to get an all-geometrical and all-electrical control of the spin orientation. The resulting spin textures exhibit a tunable topological character with windings around the radial and the out-of-plane directions. We show that these topologically non trivial spin patterns affect the spin interference effect in the deformed ring, thereby resulting in different geometry-driven ballistic electronic transport behaviors. Our results establish a deep connection between electronic spin textures, spin transport and the nanoscale shape of the system.


The majority of studies of local government in England have tended to be either detailed summaries of the statutes that have shaped the structures and functions of local authorities, or else they have been essays upon debatable problems of local government. The heavy stress placed upon the importance of law, and upon the extent of central control, has meant that there have not been systematic attempts to look at local authorities as policy-making bodies in their own right. Instead it has been argued that local authorities act as 'agents' administering and executing policies the broad lines of which have been worked out by the Central Government.


Introduction: Estimation of stature from dismembered body parts assumes great significance and interest in the field of forensic medicine. Stature can be determined using the measurements of different body parts. Hand anthropometry is found to yield good predictive information about an individual's stature. The aim of the present study was to formulate regression equations from hand length for stature estimation of both sexes in Chennai region. Materials and methods: In this cross sectional study, 619 subjects of both sexes with age ranging from 18 to 59 years of Chennai region were studied for stature and its relevance with that of hand length. Simple regression equations were derived by using two parameters – right hand length (RHL) and left hand length (LHL) - for estimation of stature of an individual for either sex separately. Findings: In the present study we found a significant (p<0.01) positive correlation between stature and hand length in both sexes. Stature estimation was relatively more accurate in males compared to females. Conclusion: The present study gives statistically significant positive correlation between stature and hand length. Stature can be successfully and accurately determined in this regional population by applying these regression equations.


This selective method is based on the chemical reactivity of an immobilized modifier, 2,2-bipyridyl, toward cobalt (II) ion to yield the corresponding cation complex ((Bpy) 3 Co) 2+ , which is taken up by another modifier, perfluoronated sulfonated polymer (Nafion). Differential pulse voltammetry is employed, and the oxidation of the complex, at +0.1 V vs SCE, is observed. For a 5-min preconcentration period, a linear calibration curve is obtained for cobalt concentrations ranging from 7×10 −7 to 1×10 −5 mol/L, and the detection limit is 3×10 −7 mol/L


The purpose of this study is to explore the relationship between the Psychological capital (PsyCap) and emotional exhaustion of individual employees, and to test the moderating effect of a health-promoting lifestyle on the relationship between PsyCap and emotional exhaustion. This study samples R & D engineers in the high technology industry. We used a questionnaire survey method to collect 351 valid paired samples. The results reveal a negative correlation between emotional exhaustion and PsyCap, a negative correlation between health-promoting lifestyle and emotional exhaustion. They also demonstrate that health-promoting lifestyles have a moderating effect on the relationship between PsyCap and emotional exhaustion.


An average Labuan Bajo souvenir shop sells a variety of souvenirs specific to Labuan Bajo. However, the sales process is still manual, with the shop resorting to telephone or WhatsApp communication to connect with customers for placing orders. To increase sales, typical souvenir shops in Labuan Bajo are interested in adopting effective marketing strategies. Consequently, an automated system is necessary to manage customers. The Recency, Frequency, and Monetary Analysis methods are commonly used for assigning values or weights to customers during transactions. These weights are then analyzed and grouped using k-means. Recent data analysis over the last three months reveals that the typical Labuan Bajo souvenir shop has one regular customer, three potential customers, and six regular customers. Testing the system's features showed that it was functioning correctly, and therefore, it can assist the typical Labuan Bajo souvenir shop in streamlining the sales process.


Time series data stream contains a large amount of potential information that can be used as the basis for intelligent decision-making.It can provide an important support for the application of real-time decision by researching data stream prediction.Therefore,re-writable linked window technology is proposed that can replace the traditional sliding window technology,and combined with empirical mode decomposition and radial basis neural networks one online time series data stream prediction model is established called Online_DSPM.The experimental results indicate that the combined model has higher precision of prediction and better adaptability,compared with other single time series prediction models.


An overhang structure is used to enhance the air-gap flux density and increase the torque density of a motor. In the preliminary design stage, consideration of the overhang effect is important for a precise prediction of the performance of a motor with overhang and for the selection of the proper overhang length. The 3-D finite-element method (FEM) is essential when analyzing a motor with an overhang structure due to the asymmetry in the axial direction caused by overhang. However, it is computationally expensive and time-consuming, especially during the initial design stage. In this paper, we propose a magnetic equivalent circuit model, which considers the overhang structure of a surface-mounted permanent-magnet motor. With the proposed analytical method, the computational time is significantly reduced in the preliminary design stage. The proposed analytical model is verified with a 3-D FEM analysis.


This paper presents aeromagnetic images for the Chhattisgarh basin region, in Central India, to provide a new window on Precambrian basement geology and structure. On the basis of aeromagnetic patterns, the Chhattisgarh basin is sub-divided into a northern low (negative) anomaly zone and a southern high (positive) anomaly zone. The northern portion of the main Chhattisgarh basin has been further divided into two subbasins, the Hirri sub-basin in the west, and Baradwar sub-basin in the east. A prominent negative anomaly delineates a NW-SE trending greenstone belt separating these sub-basins. Positive magnetic anomalies delineate the extent of the Dongargarh granite and equivalents, while the weak magnetic anomaly in the southeast of the Dongargarh granite and equivalents reflect granulite gneisses of the Eastern Ghat Mobile Belt. By applying the reduced-to-the-equator filter we enhanced the possible magnetic sources and structural lineaments within the Chhattisgarh basin.A new sketch map of structural elements was then compiled from aeromagnetic interpretation over the Chhattisgarh basin area. It includes possible faults, folds and an inferred lithological boundary.


The paper refers to studying interactivity models of simultaneous interpreters in the field. It describes the process of simultaneous interpretation as a cognitive event considering two participants in the context of cognitive dissonance and problem solving. The key concept of identifying the models is empathy to a booth mate which has never been studied in the context of Cognitive Translation Theory before. The results of Cognitive Event Analysis show four main interactivity models: empathic productive, empathic unproductive, empathic destructive and no empathic. The examples of empathic productive interactivity model demonstrate both material, verbal and cognitive empathy. The trajectories of giving a hint show three obligatory cycles of creating productive empathy: identifying cognitive dissonance, illustrating emphatic behavior and inviting to interactivity. The most precious hint happens when deep cognitive empathy between the partners can encourage them by embodied help without any verbal or material hints. It includes two additional cycles: mutual cognitive dissonance and individual attempt to solve the problem. This model is observed mainly in pairs of highly qualified interpreters with enough experience of coupling. Novice simultaneous interpreters are not able to show empathy, so tutors should train the skill of overcoming this gap. Empathic unproductive or destructive interactivity models are observed in pairs of highly qualified interpreters with no experience of coupling because of incongruent mental processes of subject and object.


The present invention relates to a driving apparatus and method of a liquid crystal display device to improve image quality of the liquid crystal display device and the luminance expressed in a stable manner. A lamp drive unit for a drive system of the liquid crystal display according to the embodiment of the present invention to control the operation of the direct-type backlight assembly and a direct-type backlight assembly for irradiating light to the liquid crystal panel and a liquid crystal panel, a lamp drive device on and a timing controller for applying an on-off signal corresponding to the video data.


The present invention provides an optical device wafer processing method of grinding the back surface of the sapphire substrate can be formed to a predetermined thickness, but does not damage the optical device is formed on the surface of the sapphire substrate. The optical device wafer having formed a plurality of devices of device regions on the surface of the sapphire substrate and surrounding the device area of the outer periphery of the remaining region, the optical device region is formed with respect to the outer circumference of the remaining region protrudes processing method of the optical device wafer comprising: a fracture origin formed step, the optical device wafer device region along the boundary between the laser beam irradiating the peripheral marginal region, is formed on the surface side of the sapphire substrate as the fracture origin; protection member attaching step, the optical device wafer surface protection member is attached; and a backgrinding step, the paste in the embodiment is formed as the fracture origin of the side surface protection member and a step of pasting the protective member of the optical device wafer holding step chuck table grinding apparatus, the grinding back surface of the sapphire substrate to form a predetermined thickness.


Within Memphis' T.O. Fuller State Park, formerly the Shelby County Negro State Park, lies the C.H. Nash Chucalissa Museum where skeletal remains of the Tunica people are on display. Because it is a popular tourist attraction and a hub for archeology research, it has been dubbed the "central clearing house for Western Tennessee archeology." Despite the many journal articles written about Chucalissa, underwhelmingly few critically engage with the Black labor exploited and the sacred burial mounds disturbed in the "clearing" and excavating of this exhibit. In this paper, I exchange the definition of "clearing," a technical term common among archeologists with one that exposes it as a euphemism that disavows the historic violence of extraction.1,2 Through an interdisciplinary textual analysis of Nash's "Chucalissa Indian Town," this paper inquires what does it really mean for Chucalissa to be a "land clearing project" and a "central clearing house"? Who was cleared? How will digging up the history of the Chucalissa Museum shape our interpretations of regional archeology at that time? Finally, how can these findings contribute to the present Black and Native tensions with Chucalissa and to the broader conversations on repatriation?


The air-bridged RF-MEMS switches in single pole single throw (SPST) transmission lines are presented for reconfigurable antenna application. The RF characteristics of capacitive series switches are analyzed, measured, and compared with microstrip line (MSL) and coplanar waveguide (CPW) structures. RF-MEMS series switches are monolithic fabricated in both transmission line structures on glass substrate of dielectric constant, /spl epsiv//sub r/ = 7.4. The reconfigurable multibeam spiral antenna (f/sub o/ = 11 GHz), which is monolithic integrated with RF-MEMS capacitive series switches on the same glass substrates is also presented as an example of the use of in-line MEMS series switches for reconfigurable antenna applications.


PURPOSE: A display driver circuit is provided to generate symmetry grayscale voltage while requiring low power consumption. CONSTITUTION: A reference voltage selecting unit(120) receives first and second supply voltages. The reference voltage selecting unit selects a maximum and minimum reference voltage. A grayscale voltage generation unit(100) comprises a gamma voltage selecting unit(150). The gamma voltage selecting unit generates m gamma voltages. The gamma voltage selecting unit generates a positive gray scale voltage and a negative gray scale voltage.


Abstract: An area of high anomalous radioactivity and visible uranium minerals is associated with a nearly vertical north 70° west trending shear zone.


This is a study about the relationships between authors and the main thematic categories in the papers published in the last five International ISKO Conferences, held between 2002 and 2010. The aim is to map the domain as ISKO conferences are considered the most representative forum in the field. The published papers are considered to indicate the relationships between authors and themes. The Classification Scheme for Knowledge OrganizationError! Bookmark not defined. Literature (CSKOL) was used to categorize the papers. The theoretical and methodological foundations of the study can be found in the concept of domain analysis proposed by Hjørland. The analysis of the papers (n=146) led to the identification of the most productive authors, the networks representing the relationships between the authors as also the categories that constitute the primary areas of research. Introduction Considering knowledge organization (KO) as a domain, for which the continuous construction of a consistent epistemological statute is necessary, this research seeks to identify the main areas of thought and research in the domain. This is done based on the papers presented in the international conferences of the ISKO so as to establish relationships between researchers and the themes. The research also aims at identifying the more productive authors in KO based on papers in ISKO international conferences, as well as examining the themes these researchers focus on. It also aims at identifying the themes that were of greater interest in the last five editions of the event, held between 2002 and 2010. The choice of papers in ISKO International conference volumes for domain analysis was based on the assumption that these are representative of the research in the domain. As such an examination of the papers should contribute to an understanding of the real and present composition of the domain. Knowledge Organization: A Bibliometric Analysis The domain of KO has for its foundation the philosophical framework of Dahlberg"s concept theory (1993), the author considered to be the pioneer in the field of studies related to KO. She is also mainly responsible for forming ISKO. The construction of classificatory and thesauri systems have been structured based on this conception, which demonstrates that the concepts theory is widely accepted in the area. It can therefore be said that Dahlberg"s theory plays an important role in the process of cognitive institutionalization of the discipline. Based on the concepts theory, Dahlberg (1993) has developed Classification Scheme for Knowledge Organization Literature (CSKOL) at ISKO, which groups the main concepts under ten primary categories: C0 Form Divisions; C1 Theoretical Foundations and General Problems; C2 Classification Systems and Thesauri (CS&T): Structure and Construction; C3 Methodology of Classing and Indexing; C4 On Universal Classification Systems and


Islamic law is a law based on the Qur'an, hadith, qiyat and ijma'. In essence, Islamic law is used as the basis of life and solutions to human problems. However, at present, the diversity of problems faced by humans makes Islamic law seem rigid and too binding. This paper will explain the concept of Ijtihad by Ibn Taimiyah in the context of reforming Islamic law. This research is in the form of library research through content analysis techniques. The main sources used by Ibn Taimiyah in performing ijtihad are the Qur'an and hadiths. He never put reason as a basis for thinking because for him reason is weak and weakens belief in the religion of Allah. In addition, he carried out Ijtihad by providing comparisons between existing schools and trying not to influence anyone because the method of ijtihad he did was ijtihad independently. The results of ijtihad produced by Ibn Taimiyah which are currently used are the requirements for the implementation of prostration and recitation as well as the exchange of unproductive waqf assets.Keywords: Islamic Law; Ibnu Taimiyah; Ijtihad


Walking down Doncaster Drive toward Sherwood Elementary Carrying the humid air on my shoulders I watch the dance of the Georgia pine trees He leans in to ask her to be his partner, and she almost refuses But a shift in the breeze changes her mind. She lets him lead, but she knows the dance by heart. In perfect sway with the other, they glide Until the wind calls them to a halt. Pine needles brush against each other as they separate. A gesture of appreciation.


Robocode, an open source tank combat game, has become immensely popular based on both its educational as well as its "fun" value. Throughout the years, many interesting AIs have been developed for Robocode, most of which were based on finite-state machines and were generally "hard-coded". The effects of employing evolutionary algorithms and machine learning on Robocode, however, have not been so thoroughly explored. In his paper, we focus on two main methods and their effectiveness in evolving highly-intelligent robots which can effectively defeat good, existing hard-coded robots. A traditional Genetic Programming (GP) approach is first used as an intermediate goal due to its relative-ease as well as in order to familiarize ourselves with using machine learning on Robocode. We then employ Neuroevolution of Augmenting Topologies (NEAT), a method of evolving complex, unfixed topologies in Neural Networks since it has historically achieved success in evolving highly complex behavior. Although our results after experimentation were not we hoped, the trend in data leads us to believe that further modification of our experimental method can possibly help us attain the perfect battle bot.


The focus of this conference is the importance of data to support state and local transportation decision making from identification all the way through to interpretation. Substantial changes are under way, including accountability, performance measurement, a broadening of the current mission within individual agencies and organizations, creation of new programs and new projects, and addition of new talents and skills. The panelists were asked to help set the scene for discussion of opportunities and challenges within this framework. The first panelist, T.R. Lakshmanan, Director, Bureau of Transportation Statistics, discusses three aspects of socioeconomic change that are influencing transportation and the data needed to support transportation decision making; presents views on the value of information; discusses three types of decision perspectives--strategic, management, and operational; points out the basic changes in the U.S. economy and the implication for transportation; comments on information technology; and concludes with a look at measuring the performance of systems and agencies. The second panelist, Robert E. Skinner, Jr., Executive Director, Transportation Research Board, presents a list of eight points about transportation information and data needs. Briefly stated, these are: (1) transportation data and information matter; (2) data collection programs, just like research programs, are a tough sell; (3) data collection programs appear fragmented and disorganized, and actually, in many cases, they are fragmented and disorganized, sometimes for very understandable reasons; (4) data collection programs must address tomorrow's needs, not yesterday's or even today's; (5) there are some questions that data, even excellent data, cannot answer or meaningfully address; (6) as with so many other things in life, balance is important in data collection programs; (7) as with other activities that some people perceive to be of marginal importance, data collection and information gathering programs need champions; and (8) the devil is in the details. The third panelist, Francis Francois, Executive Director, AASHTO, presents a perspective on the conference topic from the standpoint of AASHTO and its member departments. He points out a key issue: the difference between what the federal government needs and what the state and local governments need, which is more important, and how to sort out the roles between states and metropolitan planning organizations and between local governments and the federal government. He asks many of the questions the conference should address, and points out that whatever data systems are put together, there must be recognition of the uniqueness of each state.


The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of service quality of sport event and destination image on sport tourists' satisfaction and revisit intention. the subjects of this study were 279 sport tourists and spectators who participated at the '83th Dong-A Swimming Championships' in Ulsan. For data analysis, frequency analysis was employed to identify the demographic characteristics of respondents and exploratory factor analysis, Cronbach's α analysis, correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis were employed to test the research hypothesis by using PASW 18. The results were as follows. First, the service quality of sport event had a significant positive effect on sport tourists' satisfaction and revisit intention. Second, the destination image of the host city had a significant positive effect on sport tourists' satisfaction and revisit intention.


Loopy Belief propagation is an increasingly popular method of performing approximate inference on arbitrary graphical models. Bayesian network is a graphical model that encodes probabilistic relationships among variables of interest. When used in conjunction with statistical techniques, the graphical model has several advantages for data mining. Influence diagrams provide a compact technique to represent problems of decision making especially multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) under uncertainty. As a number of nodes in the network increases, computing exact solutions and making optimal decision becomes computationally intractable. Approximate solution becomes more efficient in term of the performance of execution and the storage space. In particular, the belief propagation (or sum-product) algorithm has become a well-known means of solving inference problems approximately. Therefore, the loopy belief propagation is the alternative way for approximate solution and is presented in this paper. A solution is approximated where high-probability actions under the policy have a high utility. Actions are then selected which have a high probability under the approximating policy. The loopy belief propagation method is shown to compare favorably to exact methods.


This study presents the transformed relationship be tween the state and the Sufi orders in the Ottoman Empire as the outcome of its affiliation with the modernization process in the nineteenth century. Th e study focuses on the institutionalization of the Ottoman Sufis and the s tate regulations regarding them, and it aims to provide a survey of how the st ate attempted to amend the Sufi orders. The reforms introduced by Sultan Mahmud II are discussed, and this investigation is complemented by analysis of t he regulations of the Tanzimat. The study concludes that the income level of the tekkes was drastically reduced and the privileged status of th e Sufi orders eroded through two particular decrees.


Objective To understand the distribution of occupational hazards and the status of occupational health management of enterprises in Futian District.Methods "National survey of professional health(employing unit's questionnaire)" was used to survey for 136 enterprises in Futian District.Results Consisting of the 136 enterprises,mainly were private enterprises of middle and small size,31011 employees were actually involved in the total,while 3328 workers were contacted occupational hazard factors.The main occupational hazards of enterprises were chemical poisons(92/136,67.65%) and physical factors(92/136,67.65%).The production of occupational hazard factors in enterprises,mainly were noise(84/136,61.76%),benzene,toluene and xylene(73/136,53.68%),particles not otherwise regulated(48/136,35.29%) and n-hexane(21/136,15.44%).Quite a part of enterprises did not take occupational health management measures.Conclusion It's required to improve the occupational health management of government supervision,two administrative means should be adhered to: education and administrative punishment,to improve the occupational hazard status of this district.


The age and growth dynamics of the spinner shark (Carcharhinus brevipinna) in the northwest Atlantic Ocean off the southeast United States and in the Gulf of Mexico were examined and four growth models were used to examine variation in the ability to fit size-at-age data. The von Bertalanffy growth model, an alternative equation of the von Bertalanffy growth model with a size-at-birth intercept, the Gompertz growth model, and a logistic model were fitted to sex-specific observed size-at-age data. Considering the statistical criteria (e.g., lowest mean square error [MSE], high coefficient-of-determination, and greatest level of significance) we desired for this study, the logistic model provided the best overall fit to the size-at-age data, whereas the von Bertalanffy growth model gave the worst. For "biological validity," the von Bertalanffy model for female sharks provided estimates similar to those reported in other studies. However, the von Bertalanffy model was deemed inappropriate for describing the growth of male spinner sharks because estimates of theoretical maximum size (L∞) indicated a size
much larger than that observed in the field. However, the growth coefficient (k= 0.14/yr) from the Gompertz model
provided an estimate most similar to that reported for other large coastal species. The analysis of growth for
spinner shark in the present study demonstrates the importance of fitting alternative models when standard
models fit the data poorly or when growth estimates do not appear to be realistic.


Monotonicity criteria are established for the generalized Marcum Q -function, QM(alpha,beta), the standard Nuttall Q-function, QM,N(alpha,beta) , and the normalized Nuttall Q-function, QM,N(alpha,beta), with respect to their real order indices M,N. Besides, closed-form expressions are derived for the computation of the standard and normalized Nuttall Q-functions for the case when M,N are odd multiples of 0.5 and M ges N. By exploiting these results, novel upper and lower bounds for QM,N(alpha,beta) and QM,N(alpha,beta) are proposed. Furthermore, specific tight upper and lower bounds for QM(alpha,beta), previously reported in the literature, are extended for real values of M. The offered theoretical results can be efficiently applied in the study of digital communications over fading channels, in the information-theoretic analysis of multiple-input multiple-output systems and in the description of stochastic processes in probability theory, among others.


Objective: By establishing dyspepsia pneumonia mice model to discover the mechanism and effect of Yinlai Tang on mice's intestinal mucosal mechanical barrier, to prove the validity of the treatment of lung and stomach-intestine together, in order to provide a laboratory data to guide prevention and treatment of clinical diseases. Methods: The mice were randomly divided into normal group, infected group, dyspepsia group, dyspepsia-infected group, dyspepsia treated group, and dyspepsia-infection treated group. After the dyspepsia pneumonia mice model was established, the mice were treated with Yinlai Tang. And the morphological change of intestinal mucosa, intestinal mucosa tissue ZO-1 level and serum endotoxin level in each group were observed. Results: Intestinal mucosa epithelial cells and goblet cells in dyspepsia group and dyspepsia-infected group were enlarged, increased and disorganized, while the cells in dyspepsia treated group and dyspepsia-infection treated group were organized. The level of intestinal tissue ZO-1 in dyspepsia group and dyspepsia-infected group was significantly lower than that in normal group(P0.01), the dyspepsia treated group was higher than dyspepsia group(P0.01); the dyspepsia-infection treated group was significantly higher than dyspepsia-infected group(P0.01). Compared with normal group, there was no difference on the serum endotoxin level. Conclusion: The heat retention in lung and stomach-intestine can influence the secretive function of intestinal mucosa, which can cause intestinal mucosa mechanical barrier. The mechanism of injury may be related to the damage of intestinal mucosa ZO-1. Yinlai Tang can regulate the secretive function of intestinal mucosa, repair intestinal mucosa ZO-1, and provide a protection for intestinal mucosa mechanical barrier.


The invention discloses an invigorating uterus-clearing mixture and a preparation process thereof, and the invigorating uterus-clearing mixture belongs to a traditional Chinese medicine oral liquid for livestock. The invigorating uterus-clearing mixture comprises radix codonopsis , milkvetch root, Chinese angelica, rhizoma chuanxiong, peach kernel, flos carthami, rhizoma zingiberis preparata, honey-fried licorice root, leonurus heterophyllus, radix paeoniae alba, radix bupleuri, sparganii rhizoma, hawthorn, dandelion and the like. The prepared invigorating uterus-clearing mixture is the traditional Chinese medicine oral liquid special for treating insufficiency of vital energy and blood, retained fetal membranes, prolonged lochia, and abdominal pain due to blood stasis of postpartum livestock. The prepared invigorating and uterus-clearing mixture has the functions of supplementing qi and nourishing blood, activating blood circulation and removing blood stasis, and antisepsis and anti-inflammation, has the advantages of quick absorption, quick effect, safety and no drug residues, and is especially suitable for health care and treatment of postpartum dairy cows.


In this article, a hybrid step-up/down converter is presented with improved efficiency, smaller form factor, and enhanced reliability for Li-ion-battery-operated power management integrated circuits. Utilizing a hybrid structure with one inductor and two flying capacitors, the dual-path buck–boost (DPBB) converter reduces the average inductor current, switch currents, and the required blocking voltage for the power switches. To support a mid-3-V output from a Li-ion battery, the converter can be realized using 1.8-V rated devices, solely. In addition, the DPBB facilitates a continuous input and output current delivery, thus improving the reliability of the converter significantly. Besides, leveraging the Li-ion battery charge profile, the topology provides an optimal performance during downconversion, in which the converter operates for most of its usage time. With reduced inductor current and smaller voltage rated switches, a more compact inductor with a large dc resistance (DCR) can be used to maintain similar efficiency, which, in turn, helps reduce the converter board space and associated manufacturing cost. Fabricated in a 180-nm BCD technology, the prototype achieves a peak efficiency of 95.63% even for a large 288-m$\Omega$ inductor DCR with an output ripple below 20 mV for a load current up to 700 mA.


For some time, certain students in universities have been decrying the alleged neglect by faculty of their teaching responsibilities. Among the ostensible causes of this condition, if it exists, are the structure of the reward system for faculty in higher education (e.g., the usually higher status and pecuniary benefits of research) and the presumed distinctive needs of the kinds of persons recruited and socialized into the profession. That is, with respect to teaching, most faculty are reputed to be neither constrained by the system nor by their natural interests to devote the required time and effort. They would rather seek satisfactions through research careers in academic departments with reputations for high quality. There is now some evidence, however, that faculty needs of the most fundamentally human kind-for belonging, autonomy, ego satisfaction, and fulfillment-are not anymore satisfied in departments or institutions with high national prestige (Bess, 1973). Since prestige is derived primarily from research reputation, the academic social system and, in some cases, misguided personal propensities would seem to be leading faculty to perform tasks which may not satisfy their most basic needs. Many are drawn, in other words, to continue to do research in the belief that its career rewards will provide higher personal satisfactions. In a way, then, they are thus seduced into giving relatively less attention through teaching to meeting student needs-an activity which might, under different conditions, yield them profound satisfactions in great abundance. Students at most institutions under present circumstances are also not able to fulfill their most important needs, particularly those which involve their developing personalities. Colleges and universities usually give greater attention to establishing structures designed to help students acquire cognitive knowledge, in service of broad liberal education and/or, presumably, career preparation. Satisfaction of student needs for emotional and interpersonal growth and for selfknowledge are, at best, by-products of the college experience. They are rarely explicit goals of the institution. Hence, at least two of the three main constituencies on our college and university campuses (faculty and students) may exist under conditions antithetical, or at least not conducive, to meeting the most profound of their collective and individual needs.


Using Ningxia wine grape pomace as raw material, the solvent reflux extraction method was investigated taking proanthocyanidins extraction rate as index. The optimal extraction technology conditions from Ningxia wine grape pomace were determined by single factor experiment and orthogonal experiment. Result showed that the optimal extraction condition was determined as follows: ethanol concentration 50%, extraction temperature 60℃, liquid to solid ratio 1∶10, extraction time 45 min, number of times two. Verification test was carried out under the optimized conditions, it showed that the proanthocyanidins content was 78.50%, and the proanthocyanidins yield was 15.20%.


Steel wire tie-in is a key accessory of engineering machines and cranes,which is safe and reliable.Suppressed ties-in of aluminum alloy is used widely abroad,and now they are also adopted by domestic enterprises.This paper is mainly about the invalidation of the suppressed ties-in of aluminum alloy,especially about rupture,the most dangerous invalldatlon modality.HITACHI S-570 SEM is adopted to analyze the form and attribute of the cut,the chemic component,mechanical capability and microstructure of the aluminum alloy.Finally,it is pointed that the defects in the microcosmic organization are the main factors of the invalidation of the suppressed ties-in,and the Proposals are offered too.


This paper presents the results of an experimental study of passive effusion cooling in an S-bend channel with a diffuser. A previous paper showed the results for cold primary flow [1]. This paper deals with hot primary flow. The results show that different levels and locations of effusion injection significantly affect the primary flow field and the pressure recovery in the downstream diffuser. This leads to a significant increase in static pressure at the inlet of the S-bend section, and reduces the driving pressure for the passive effusion cooling air. This effect then leads to reduced effusion mass flow, momentum and cooling effectiveness. The paper presents data on the static pressure distributions in the device, flow distortion at the diffuser exit, flow rate of effusion injection, and effusion cooling effectiveness.Copyright © 2014 by ASME