over premiums collected-have been incurred in three relatively good crop years, in which reserves should have been accumulated. The author points out that these losses must be ascribed almost wholly to adverse selection of risks. His thesis is well substantiated. Owing to actuarial imperfections, the present system involves a subsidization of high-risk farms by low-risk farms within each region, and of high-risk areas like the Great Plains-where pre-deadline selectivity, depending on moisture conditions before seeding, is a major factor-by lowrisk areas. In many instances it also leads to the subsidization of ine~cient farming practices. Moreover, the system as a whole is heavily subsidized by the public, which not only bears the considerable underwriting losses, but also assumes the entire operating expenses, which are of about the same order of magnitude (nearly 50 per cent of the value of premium payments). No doubt the amounts involved are small in comparison with the size of the general agricultural program, and the possible benefits might be well worth the price. There is, however, definite evidence that this particular subsidy tends to have effects which are undesirable from the point of view of an efficient and better-balanced agriculture. To be sure, some of the possible adverse effects (such as general encouragement of wheat production at the expense of uninsured crops) are mitigated by the fact that compliance with the AAA allotments and co-operation with the soil conservation pro-


On the basis of the conventional P control and the plug-in repetitive control method in the 110 V 50 Hz online UPS,the application of integral control accelerate the adjustive process, and improve the static characteristic.The control structure and the important parameters of the system were described.The emulation model of the 50 Hz UPS close loop invert control system was designed in SABER.The results show that the proposed control scheme can stabilize the output 50 Hz sine wave well,is a costeffective wave for UPS invert control system.


This chapter presents the potential use of fuzzyobservance implementation for detecting transmission problems that could appear in the near future. Using quick detection, appropriate action could be taken and the security and reliability of data transfer could be maintained at a high level. As a result the authors present a proposed solution for dividing a data stream between different data links and predicting transmission problems.


The authors present a bipolar transceiver chipset for application in new-generation digital mobile radio equipment. A transmitter and a receiver circuit for the RF front-end are described which are both realized in the bipolar technology OXIS-3 with a minimum feature size of 1.5 mu m and a transit frequency of about 7.5 GHz. The main features of the chip set are: simple switch over from one standard to another; simple and reduced RF-design for the customer; reduced peripheral components; no alignment necessary; reduced board design area; reduced power consumption; and high modulation phase stability versus temperature and product life. Test results demonstrate the high performance of both circuits. With these transceiver chips, available in SMD-packages, a very compact, size-reduced RF-front-end module can be developed by the customers for mobile radio and hand portables.<<ETX>>


A new and facile modification method to endow graphene with water-dispersity is reported. The remanent epoxide group on graphene prepared by the thermal reduction of graphite oxide is effectively utilized for the modification reaction with the amine group of potassium 6-aminocaproate using a simple process of heating the well-mixed solid state mixture. The graphene modified to have negatively charged carboxylate moieties disperses easily and stably in water. A graphene/polyaniline (PANI) composite is prepared efficiently in an aqueous system by the simple physical mixing of aqueous dispersions of negatively charged graphene and positively charged micron-size PANI particles, followed by drying. The composites exhibit higher energy storage capacities as supercapacitor electrodes compared to those of either graphene or PANI themselves. The synergistic effect is most evident at a graphene/PANI weight ratio of 20/80. The composite exhibits more than twice the specific capacitance of either PANI or graphene. This suggests that the scaffold structure of hydrophilic graphene enclosing PANI particles reduces not only the contact resistance at the electrode/electrolyte interface but also the diffusion length for effective charge transfer.


Flow fields within spatially periodic arrays of cylinders arranged in square and hexagonal lattices are calculated, with microscale Reynolds number ranging between zero and 200, employing a finite element numerical scheme. The terminology of an ''apparent permeability'' is introduced to establish a relationship existing between mean velocity and macroscopic pressure gradient characterized by a finite Reynolds number flow. In contrast with the low Reynolds number ''true '' permeability, the apparent permeability is shown here to generally depend upon the direction of the applied pressure gradient, owing to nonlinearities existing within the local fluid motion. The orientation‐dependent permeabilities of both square and hexagonal monodisperse arrays are observed to diminish with increasing Reynolds number. Similar behavior is also observed for a bidisperse square array, though the apparent permeability of the latter is shown less sensitive to Darcy velocity orientation at large Reynolds numbers in compariso...


Abstract This article presents a brief retrospective from the editor's point of view covering 25 years of Computers in the Schools. The author then presents some of the ideas relating to obstacles that have prevented a more thorough immersion of information technology in education. Finally, the article introduces the authors and articles that comprise the remainder of this anniversary volume.


Manganese dioxide has attracted much attention owing to its distinctive properties. A facile method was developed to synthesis γ-MnO2 by the reaction of Na2S2O8 with Zn-bearing MnSO4, keeping the molar ratio of Mn to S as 1:2-4. The oxidation of Mn2+ increased from 62.3% to 99.9% with the increase of the final solution pH from 0.55 to 4.45. The needlelike γ-MnO2 particles with a length of 200-500 nm and a diameter of 10-30 nm were synthesized in the initial solution pH range of 3.5-4.0. γ-MnO2 particles with poor crystallinity and porous morphology were synthesized in the initial solution pH range of 6.0-6.5. The Zn2+ adsorption capacities of the γ-MnO2 formed at initial pH = 3.5 and pH = 6.0 were 131.8 mg.g−1 and 527.4 mg.g−1, respectively.


Classical theory predicts that petroleum rich countries would specialise in petroleum products. Yet diversification is touted as a desirable policy objective for petroleum rich nations because it reduces exposure to volatility. Given such theoretical ambiguity, it is important to understand the empirical relationship between petroleum and diversification. In this paper, we test the effect of giant oil discoveries on diversification using a panel dataset covering up to 136 countries and the period 1962 to 2012. After controlling for country and year fixed effects, we find evidence of non-oil export concentration 8 years after a discovery. However, we do not observe any effect on the structure of employment in the non-resource and manufacturing sectors. It appears that democratic political institutions moderate the export concentration effect of petroleum discovery. Countries with weak political institutions experience employment concentration in the non-tradable sector post discovery.


Wright (education, Wake Forest U.) lists and describes all the works of American short story writer and novelist Peter Taylor, winner of the 1986 Pulitzer Prize in fiction. Annotation copyright Book News, Inc. Portland, Or.


The purpose of this study was to determine the linkages between environmental performance, CSR Disclosure, and financial performance of the company. Environmental performance was measured using Program Penilaian Peringkat Kinerja Perusahaan dalam Pengelolaan Lingkungan Hidup (PROPER) and disclosed in corporate annual reports. CSR disclosure was measured using Corporate Social responsibility Index (CSRI) and financial performance is measured using Return On Assets (ROA) and Return Industry.
The sample used in this study were all listed companies in Indonesia Stock Exchange following Program Penilaian Peringkat Kinerja Perusahaan dalam Pengelolaan Lingkungan Hidup (PROPER) and publish an annual financial report (annual report) in full year 2008-2010. The number of samples in this study were as many as 36 samples. Statistical tool used is multiple regression.
The result of this study showed the environmental performance was significant effect on the disclosure of Corporate Social Responsibility but no significant effect on the company"s financial performance. Corporate Social Responsibility Disclosure significantly affected the company"s financial performance.


Wide-angle lenses are commonly used in perception tasks requiring a large field of view. Unfortunately, these lenses produce significant distortions making conventional models that ignore the distortion effects unable to adapt to wide-angle images. In this paper, we present a novel transformer-based model that automatically adapts to the distortion produced by wide-angle lenses. We leverage the physical characteristics of such lenses, which are analytically defined by the radial distortion profile (assumed to be known), to develop a distortion aware radial swin transformer (DarSwin). In contrast to conventional transformer-based architectures, DarSwin comprises a radial patch partitioning, a distortion-based sampling technique for creating token embeddings, and an angular position encoding for radial patch merging. We validate our method on classification tasks using synthetically distorted ImageNet data and show through extensive experiments that DarSwin can perform zero-shot adaptation to unseen distortions of different wide-angle lenses. Compared to other baselines, DarSwin achieves the best results (in terms of Top-1 accuracy) with significant gains when trained on bounded levels of distortions (very-low, low, medium, and high) and tested on all including out-of-distribution distortions. The code and models are publicly available at https://lvsn.github.io/darswin/


A faculty committee investigating the scientific integrity of Dr S.-M. Medical College concluded that parts of this article contained identical or nearly identical results to those published in Molecular Pharmacology (1996;50:1000–1009), but that the results were purportedly obtained with different chemicals (ATP in Molecular Pharmacology and norepineph-rine in Circulation ). Based on our conclusion that at least some of the data in this article have been fabricated, we are regrettably unable to verify that the conclusions in this study are correct, and we wish to retract the article. We deeply regret this unfortunate situation, which has potentially misled the readers of this journal.


The performance of high polymers in all forms of usage and their behavior during measurements is intimately linked to their structure. Solutions of long-chain molecules, in particular, show very unusual solubility pat,terns and a readiness to exhibit, non-Newtonian viscosity. The papers presentled in i,his monograph deal wit,h some new developments in our views of t,hesc phenomena. The first advances in an underst,andiiig of polymer solutions were made hy 1'. Iclory and M. Huggins, in conjunction with the model of the random flight chain molecule treated by W. Kuhri and H. Eyring, by considering the configurations of chain molecules in solution and calculating the corresponding entropy of mixing. Notwithstanding the great progress represented by this approach, the limits of some of the basic assumptions and of the agreement with the experiments remained as a stimulus for further work. Various refinements were required, especially with respect to the latt'ice model, t'o the specific rotational characteristics of the chains as influencing coil dimensions, and to the energetic interactions of the polymer molecules with the solvent and one another. Much progress has been made subsequently by Flory and his school by the ingenious analysis of longand short-range polymer interaction in t,erms of the expansion factor a and of the ideal random flight dimensions in t,het,a (0 ) solvents. A survey of the most recent advances is given in the paper by I'eterlin with special reference to chain structure and to the effect and the nature of the coil expansion. The paper by Wall and Mazur, then, makes an import,ant contribution to the problem of coil dimensions by computer analysis of the configurations as a function of lattice type and of bond angle of chains with three levels of energy interaction. The influence of the presence of other polymer molecules, that is, the concentrat,ion effect on coil dimensions, is then discussed by Fixman on the basis of a Gaussian model for the distribution of chain Eegments. The paper by Kurata makes an important contribution to the application of the lattice theory to polymer solutions. While recognizing the general validity of Flory's derivation of the entropy of mixing, the theory is extended to take account of the inevitable close connection of coil segments, due to their chemical linkages, arid the concomitant solvent clustering. Extensive use is made of experimental data from the 0 state to derive functional forms and values for the interaction constants. It might be added parenthetically that the formulation of the e state is not without conceptual difficulties because of the fact that the "ideality" of e solutions (as a t the Boyle point) is operational and not real. It is


Abstract Reduction of a 2-nitrothiophene 4 and the corresponding 2-nitrofuran 20 with zinc and acetic acid produced a remarkable dearomatization and fragmentation reaction to give acyclic nitriles 6 and 22, respectively. The intermediate 2-aminothiophene 5 was trapped by acylation with acetic anhydride to give acetamide 7. An additional acrylonitrile intermediate 17 was also trapped by Michael addition with benzyl mercaptan to give adduct 18. An alternate synthesis of nitrile 22 produced in the reduction of nitrofuran 20 provided an authentic sample of the product. The conversion of nitroaromatic heterocycles 4 and 20 into aliphatic nitriles 6 and 22 are remarkable and unprecedented reactions.


Changes of foreign trade conditions also bring changes of the main transport routes and directions. Lithuanian transport companies must perfect their ability to adapt in changing environment, to predict and reorient to the possible changes in the flow of goods, to observe changes and tendencies, in short to build a new foundation and appliance of transportation technologies. To aid this a questionnaire researching transport must be made. This article covers the analysis of the planning and conducting of the research and the data processing methodology used to determine the main directions of the flow of goods of Lithuanian transport companies as well as the criteria concerning competitiveness among the companies.


Case Report Partial hypoplasia of the cerebellum is an extremely rare malformation, which can be responsible for neurological disorders as it can be asymptomatic. Its physiopathology remains unclear and it's diagnosis can be made by brain imaging as CT, MRI and transfontanellar ultrasound. We report a case of an asymptomatic child with hypoplasia of the cerebellar hemisphere discovered on a brain CT performed for a benign head trauma.


J-system is a general-purpose information provision system geared to information service providers (including the print and broadcast media). The system processes the information collected by JARTIC from prefectural police departments and transport administrators and makes it available via Internet, mobile phone, television and other media. In 1986, the authors started developing an internal system. Upon its completion in April 1999, they launched development of J-system. They completed this system in December 1999, toward providing information more quickly and accurately to anyone, anytime, anywhere.


The paper focuses on how to provide the users a potent 3rd-time development interface after the completion of the 2nd-time development in order to facilitate the revising and upgrading of the product library without modifying the program code.In this way the 2nd-time development software will be fully used and the life circle of the software is successfully prolonged,which is of great importance for the CAD application on the enterprise level.


On-line analysis by pulsed neutron irradiation is an example of an advanced technology application of nuclear techniques, concerning real problems in the cement, mineral and coal industries. The most significant of these nuclear techniques is their capability of continuous measurement without contact and without sampling, which can lead to improved control of processes and resultant large financial savings. Compared to Californium neutron sources, the use of electrical pulsed neutron generators allows to obtain a higher signal/noise ratio for a more sensitive measurement, and allows to overcome a number of safety problems concerning transportation, installation and maintenance. An experiment related to a possible new on-line raw material analyzer is described, using a pulsed neutron generator. The key factors contributing to an accurate measurement are related to a suitable generator, to a high count rate gamma ray spectroscopy electronics, and to computational tools. Calculation and results for the optimization of the neutron irradiation time diagram are reported. One of the operational characteristics of such an equipment is related to neutron flux available: it is possible to adjust it to the requested accuracy, i.e. for a high accuracy during a few hours/day and for a lower accuracy the rest of the time. This feature allows to operate the neutron tube during a longer time, and then to reduce the cost of analysis.


The article re-proposes a few themes concerning human rights which have been tackled in the psychiatry journal Il sogno della farfalla over the last twenty-five years: Nazism, paedophilia, violence against women, violence within the context of mental diseases.


There are the following statements re the depressor nerve in the descrip tion of Mills') on the experiment on a sea turtle (testudo cephalo), made in con junction with Kr o n e c k e r; "On the left side ...... stimulation of a very fine nerve-branch of the Vagus caused standstill, as an after-action (Nachwirkung) very marked increase in the pluse which lasted several minutes. This was ar rested by stimulation of the Vagus. Shortly afterwards stimulation of this nerve had no influence either in retarding or accelerating the heart's action. This nerve was traced to a ganglion very high up on the Vagus and seemed to runwith out giving off branches into the thoracic cavity, but having broken off low down could be accurately traced throughout. It remainded one very forcibly of the Depressor of the rabbit." Of the testudo graeca Gaskell and Gadow's') description was: Besides these cardiac nerves another fine nerve is apparently given off from the cervical sympathetic to pass directly to the heart. This nerve is in very close connec tion with the sympathetic but can be traced as a separate nerve to the occipital region, where it leaves the sympathetic and joins the G. jugulare of the vagus. This nerve would correspond therefore in its course to the N. depressor in mam mals.)


By using a protective chamber to shield mouse skin seeded with BCC, researchers say they have created the first reliable means of transplanting these tumors.0


We report both zinc-blende (ZB) and wurtzite (WZ) crystal phase self-assembled GaAs quantum dots (QDs) embedding in a single GaAs/AlGaAs core-shell nanowires (NWs). Optical transitions and single-photon characteristics of both kinds of QDs have been investigated by measuring photoluminescence (PL) and time-resolved PL spectra upon application of hydrostatic pressure. We find that the ZB QDs are of direct band gap transition with short recombination lifetime (~1 ns) and higher pressure coefficient (75-100 meV/GPa). On the contrary, the WZ QDs undergo a direct-to-pseudodirect bandgap transition as a result of quantum confinement effect, with remarkably longer exciton lifetime (4.5-74.5 ns) and smaller pressure coefficient (28-53 meV/GPa). These fundamentally physical properties are further examined by performing state-of-the-art atomistic pseudopotential calculations.


Aimed at its nonuniform distribution characteristic,a new structure design method of rectangular tapered header based on CAD/CFD(computer aided design/computational fluid dynamic) integration was applied to study its reasonable structure.The method integrates modeling geometry,meshing volume and numerical computation.With this method the design parameters,the height of backwall of the header,hi(x),repeated geometry design,mesh volume,and numerical computation,could be adjusted automatically by comparing the output of mass flow rate from branch pipes and that of designed target flow,and by Bernouli's equation which relates the fluid velocity and pressure,to achieve optimized parameters.The results showed that the shape of backwall of the rectangular tapered header was a complicated curve that was obviously different from the simplified header at the area of the inlet and the reflux.The pressure distribution in the optimally designed header was more uniform and the pressures nearly a horizontal line.The mass flow rate distribution out of the branch pipes was more uniform and was closer to the expected value curve.The deviation of the mass flow rate in every branch pipe was less than 1%.


Background. Calcium pyrophosphate deposition disease results from the deposition of calcium pyrophosphate crystals and needs to fulfil McCarty criteria for diagnosis. Chondrocalcinosis is defined as cartilage and fibrocartilage calcification identified by imaging or histological examination. The presence of calcium-containing crystals in synovial fluid is associated strongly with the degenerative joint disease, but the exact mechanism remains to be elucidated. Objectives. To compare the clinical and radiographic characteristics in patients with and without chondrocalcinosis. Material and methods. One hundred and forty-three patients, 86 with chondrocalcinosis and 57 controls with primary osteoarthritis were consecutively enrolled in this case-control, transversal, prospective study performed in the Rheumatology Department, Emergency Clinical County Hospital Cluj-Napoca, Romania, between January 2015 and January 2018. A subgroup of 39 patients fulfilled McCarty criteria for calcium pyrophosphate deposition (CPPD) disease. Demographic data, clinical data, laboratory data, knee radiographs, knee ultrasound, were recorded in both groups. Kellgren-Lawrence score was graded in all patients at the knee level. Results. The patients with chondrocalcinosis had higher tender joint count (3.1±6.8 versus 1.9±0.1, p<0.05), swollen joint count (1.37±0.9 versus 0.28±0.3, p<0.05), visual analogue scale for pain (7.72±1.28 versus 6.5±3.5, p<0.05). Kellgren-Lawrence score at the knee level was higher in the chondrocalcinosis group (p<0.05) comparing to controls, but not when comparing the CPPD group with the chondrocalcinosis group. Osteoarthritis was associated with chondrocalcinosis when compared to controls and with definite CPPD when comparing to chondrocalcinosis subgroup. Conclusions. Chondrocalcinosis was associated with pain, arthritis and higher Kellgren-Lawrence score than the controls.


Objective: The purpose of this study is to reduce the incidence of post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) pancreatitis (PEP) by the administration of intravenous (IV) diclofenac sodium.Methods: This is a prospective, randomized, double-blinded control study. This study was performed in the hepatobiliary unit of general surgery department in University Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre (UKMMC) from May 2015 to May 2016. A total of 128 patients were enrolled in this study. 59 patients were randomized into the treatment arm, while 63 were randomized into the control group. Patients were randomized by envelope system, and patients in the treatment arm received 75 mg of diclofenac sodium intravenously, within 30 min of ERCP commencement. Both groups were observed for PEP post-ERCP and their pain score recorded. Patients' demographic data were also observed.Results: A total of 122 patients were included in the study, with 59 patients randomized into the treatment arm and 63 into the placebo arm. There was an increase of 7.6% PEP rates in the placebo group (12.7% vs. 5.1% in the treatment arm). However, this was not statistically significant (p=0.142)Conclusion: This study shows that IV diclofenac sodium can decrease PEP but is not statistically significant.


Provided is a management system for caring pets using mobile terminals, wherein space for wireless communications and a plurality of wireless beacons installed on indoor or predetermined houses is formed; the wireless beacons, located on the predetermined places, enable wireless communications via wireless communications terminals attaching a microphone on a certain part of pets; the attached microphone enables wireless communications with the wireless communications terminal via wireless communications space; the wireless communications terminal having the attached microphone provides position information data of pets via the wireless communications space to the management system by using the wireless communications signals of the plurality of the wireless beacon at predetermined places.


Particles size play very important role because its affects the composition, quality and final applications of the producer gas (Reed and Das, 1988). Indeed, fuel particle size influences the process time required for gasification, as well as the reactor dimensions. It also plays a key role in all the sequential reaction stages such as fuel heating, reactant and product diffusion between the particle and the reaction atmosphere, and solid–gas reactions, which occur during the conversion of fuel into product gas. To avoid such problems briquetted material considered for gasification. Briquetting of biomass is a densification process which improves the handling characteristics of the biomass, enhances its volumetric calorific value and reduces the transportation cost. Briquetting of biomass can be done by mixing it with some binder or direct compacting without binder. Essentially, all agricultural residues and saw dust from timber mills, can be briquetted (Tripathi, 1998). Agricultural residues which do not pose collection and drying problems are more suitable for briquetting (Grover, 1996). International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 7 Number 12 (2018) Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com


The utility model discloses a prepreg cutting device which comprises a conveying device, a transverse cutting knife, a longitudinal cutting knife and a pre-heating device. The transverse cutting knife, the longitudinal cutting knife and the pre-heating device are respectively arranged on the conveying device, the transverse cutting knife is arranged at the front end of the longitudinal cutting knife, and the pre-heating device is arranged at the front end of the transverse cutting knife and the longitudinal cutting knife. The prepreg cutting device has the advantages that slough-off phenomena of cut edges do not exist, powder does not fall, the cut edges are neat and do not whiten, automatic edge sealing can be achieved, edge sealing in a heating mode does not need to be carried out in later periods, a prepreg can be directly cut into strips in needed sizes, small pieces of the prepreg do not need to be cut again, and efficiency is improved.


Some existence and convergence theorems for a class of nonexpansive type mappings are obtained in a normed space. The results obtained herein generalize certain known results.


Today, most antenna designs are simulated numerically rather than analyzed theoretically. A computer program approximates the structure and calculates its properties. Even though very complex designs can be simulated, structures are usually kept simple to allow for easy understanding and analysis. Symmetry is often present. Nearly all the designs "make sense" when one looks at them or their circuit schematics. This is not necessarily the case for antennas designed using a genetic algorithm (GA). We illustrate this automated design technique on two types of wire antennas. The first is a Yagi-type antenna that is optimized to have different electromagnetic characteristics from a conventional Yagi. The second is radically different from a typical antenna: a seemingly arbitrary structure of seven wires connected in a series and confined to a specified volume; the actual shape is completely determined by the GA.


Liverani–Saussol–Vaienti (L–S–V) maps form a family of piecewise differentiable dynamical systems on [0, 1] depending on one parameter ω∈R+ . These maps are everywhere expanding apart from a neutral fixed point. It is well known that depending on the amount of expansion close to the neutral point, they have either an absolutely continuous invariant probability measure and polynomial decay of correlations (ω < 1), or a unique physical measure that is singular and concentrated at the neutral point (ω > 1). In this paper, we study the composition of L–S–V maps whose parameters are randomly sampled from a range in R+ , and where these two contrasting behaviours are mixed. We show that if the parameters ω < 1 are sampled with positive probability, then the stationary measure of the random system is absolutely continuous; the annealed decay rate of correlations is close (or in some cases equal) to the fastest rate of decay among those of the sampled systems; and suitably rescaled Birkhoff averages converge to limit laws. In contrast to previous studies where ω ∈ [0, 1], we allow ω > 1 in our sampling distribution. We also show that one can obtain similar decay of correlation rates for ω∈R+ , when sampling is done with respect to a family of smooth, heavy-tailed distributions.


In this paper we analyze a particular example of the general framework developed in [A. Harten, {\it SIAM J. Numer. Anal}., 33 (1996) pp. 1205--1256], the case in which the discretization operator is obtained by taking local averages with respect to the hat function. We consider a class of reconstruction procedures which are appropriate for this multiresolution setting and describe the associated prediction operators that allow us to climb up the ladder from coarse to finer levels of resolution. In Part I we use data-independent (linear) reconstruction techniques as our approximation tool. We show how to obtain multiresolution transforms in bounded domains and analyze their stability with respect to perturbations.


The purpose of this study was to identify the administrative styles of public secondary school principals in Jordan according to Rensis Likert theory (System1- System4), and to show their relationship to teachers' organizational loyalty


A two-phase distribution network planning approach with a substation planning model and a network planning model is proposed for distribution network with micro-grids as prosumers. The two sub-tasks are modeled as mixed-integer programs and solved by multi-source continuous location method and modified genetic algorithm respectively. Critical issue imposed by micro-grids, namely bi-directional power flow, is explicitly modeled via AC power flow constraints. An example is presented to verify the proposed approach. The case study shows that micro-grids can benefit distribution network planning in terms of improving network structure and reliability.


20–259 U/L). Although the patient did not have signs of rigidity or an elevated CK, it was believed that this was an atypical NMS presentation owing to his fever, autonomic instability, and altered mental status. The pharmacist and infectious disease specialist whowere consulted agreed that this patient likely had a case of atypical NMS. The patient was given a 10-day course of dantrolene, starting at 50 mg 3 times a day and titrated down over time. He was physically stabilized and then transferred back to the psychiatric inpatient unit. Upon recovery, valproic acid (1000 mg) daily was restarted. Because of the lack of symptom control with aripiprazole and the added history of atypical NMS, he was started on quetiapine (25 mg) nightly with slow titration of a 50 mg increase every other day to a final dose of 300 mg nightly. Over the next 3 weeks, his mood improved, he began having linear and spontaneous conversation, increased insight into his illness, and his appetite improved. He still showed negative symptoms of being withdrawn, flat, and isolative; however, thesewere improved from time of admission. It was determined that he was stable for discharge and outpatient follow-up. This case report was submitted to the appropriate institutional review board and exempt from further review under the federal regulations; therefore, it was determined that patient consent was not required.


Comprehensive knowledge of the complicated physical behavior of the induction furnace with cold crucible (IFCC) is required to utilize the advantages of this melting aggregate in melting and casting chemically high‐reactive materials, like titanium‐aluminides (TiAl). Practical experiences show that the overheating temperature of the melt is decisive for the quality of the cast products. Therefore, a systematic analysis of the electromagnetic and in particular, the hydrodynamic and thermal behavior of the IFCC is carried out. The examinations of the influence of the construction elements as well as the process parameters on the temperature field and finally the overheating temperature in the IFCC are performed using specifically developed numerical models. The evaluation of the numerical results is done by experimental investigations, where aluminum serves as a model melt for the experimental determination of the thermal and hydrodynamic field of the melt. The analysis of the influence of construction‐elements on the overheating temperature is focused on the design of the crucible wall and the crucible bottom, on the height‐diameter ratio of the crucible and on the axial inductor position. The inductor current, the operation frequency and the crucible filling level are found to be very important for reaching a high overheating temperature.


The study aimed at identifying the common strategies of children learning and teaching among female teachers of the first three grades in Jordan from Their point of View. The population consisted of (72) * ءاقرزلا ةعماج رف رملعلا ثحبلا دامع نم موعدم ثحبلا 1 Daoud and AL-Jaafreh: Common strategies in children learning and teaching adopted by fe Published by Arab Journals Platform, 202


The historic and prehistoric rockslide dams in the Alps give a good indication about the possible evolution and the dam stability. The two extremes are either an early break of the dam, releasing all the water in a catastrophic flush-flood, or a total filling of the basin by sediments. Between these extremes exist many possibilities. The survival of a lake in most cases is only a temporary condition. Nevertheless ABELE (1974) counts 33 remaining lakes among the 285 rockslide sites he discusses. This means a rate of about 12%. The probability of an outburst decreases with time after the event. In historic time several flood disasters in the Alps have been documented (MONTANDON, 1933). Apparently about half of the dams showed an early and complete breakdown. A typical example is the Bisaca flood in 1515 (EISBACHER & CLAGUE, 1984). On 30 September 1513 a mass of 10 20 x 106 m3 collapsed and blocked the Brenno river. It dammed a lake of about 100 x 106 m3 and drowned two hamlets. It was not before 20 May 1515 that during the spring snowmelt the dam eroded and collapsed. The resulting flood destroyed the city of Biasca and swept down the Ticino valley to Bellinzona, still causing a huge wave in Lago Maggiore. About 600 people lost their lives. Today, no geological evidence for the flood event and for the existence of the former lake can be found. Morphologic indications show that a number of rockslide lakes have emptied in several steps. ABELE (1974) enumerates many examples of delta and lake sediments in a stepwise arrangement, indicating a multiphase evolution of the lakes. One of these examples is the Flims rockslide, described here more in detail.


Objectives: In order to provide enteral nutrition for patients in intensive-care units who cannot be fed orally, we aimed to present our percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) experience, which is a minimally invasive method. Materials and methods: In this study, 700 patients who applied to our clinic between January 2000 and June 2011 and who had a PEG because they could not be fed orally were retrospectively assessed in terms of indications, complications, and results. Results: Among these patients, 400 (57%) were male and 300 (43%) were female. Most of the patients with feeding problems had also neurologically caused pathologies. After the PEG, 50 (7.1%) patients had under-skin infections, 18 (2.5%) patients had leakage from the edge of the PEG, and 16 (2.0%) patients had bleeding from the edge of the PEG. Conclusion: PEG is a secure and effective nutrition method as it can be performed with a minimally invasive procedure and it has low mortality and morbidity.


Aim: To investigate the mechanism of chloride channel blocker DIDS on apoptosis of PC12 cells.Methods: PC12 cells in logarithmic growth period were randomly divided into control group,model group( induced by 400 nmol / L H2O2 for 12 h) and DIDS group( induced by 400 nmol / L H2O2 and different doses of DIDS for 12 h).The cell survival rate was measured using MTT,the expressions of apoptotic related proteins Caspase-3 and Bcl-2 were detected by Western blot,and apoptosis was observed by flow cytometry.Results: 400 nmol / L H2O2 could induce PC12 cell damage,and the cell survival rate was( 35.07 ± 1.23) %.The survival rate of DIDS group was higher than that of the model group( F = 640.420,P 0.001).Compared with those of the control group,the apoptosis rate and the expression of Caspase-3were higher,and Bcl-2 expression was lower( P 0.05).Compared with those of the model group,the apoptosis rate and the expression of Caspase-3 were lower,and Bcl-2 expression was higher( P 0.05).Conclusion: DIDS might be antiapoptotic through inhibiting Caspase-3 dependent apoptotic signaling pathway.


The problem of processing, consuming and disposing of Secondary Energy Products is currently very much discussed in the construction sector. These products include ashes, scraps, and slags from the incineration of mined coal in the power industry. This article discusses the possibilities of using fly ash in road infrastructure as embankment fills or when adjusting soil properties and other use in construction industry.


This paper represents the initial stage of a systematic study of the mite superfamily Eupodoidea Banks, 1894. For the first time a comprehensive account of external morphology is given with many structures being illustrated by scanning electron micrographs. Where homologies have been established, standardized notations are applied and compared with the terminology previously used by other authors.


Objective To explore the protective effect of citalopram on depressive model rats and the relative mechanism through continuous intraperitoneal injection of citalopram.Methods Establishing chronic unpredictable stress rat model.It consisted of a variety of stressors applied randomly every day for 4 weeks,The type of stressor included restraint,forced swim,food or water deprivation,tail pinch and so on.Successful model rats were subjected to continuous intraperitoneal injection with different doses of citalopram for 3 weeks,followed by behavioral tests.Sacrificing the rats immediately after the last behavioral test,the content of brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF) in the hippocampus and serum was detected by ELISA and Western Blotting.Results After chronic unpredictable stress for 4 weeks,the model rats displayed lower weight gain,decreased sucrose preference,and reduced locomotor activity.Intraperitoneal injection with 10 mg·kg-1·d-1 citalopram for 3 weeks could significantly increase the sucrose preference and the movement distance of model rats.Intraperitoneal injection with 10 mg·kg-1·d-1 citalopram for 3 weeks could significantly increased the content of BDNF in the serum and the hippocampus of model rats.Conclusion Rats subjected to chronic unpredictable stress for 4 weeks displayed apparent depressive symptoms.Intraperitoneal injection with 10 mg·kg-1·d-1 citalopram for 3 weeks could improve the depressive behavior of model rats,the underlying mechanism may relate to increased BDNF content in the hippocampus.


Evasion of established legal terms and notions in order to escape from implementation field of legal norms
seems to be a big problem. In particular in connection with protecting weaker side of legal relationship, like in consumer
protection or labor relations. EU as well as Japan, China, Taiwan or South Korea, have developed a broad case-law
in labor relations in order to guarantee legitimate rights and interest of employees against such practices.


In this work, we introduce a commonly used framework to model uncertain dynamical systems and adapt it to propagate both parameters uncertainty and model mismatches through a dynamically excited railway bridge system. The approach considers the system inherent uncertainties in the frequency domain and leads to a significant reduction of the computational effort when performing an uncertainty quantification tasks. In an application example the proposed approach is utilized for efficient reliability analysis of the uncertain railway bridge system. The utilized technique allows for an efficient generation of structural responses, and thus enables a fast evaluation of failure probabilities by crude Monte Carlo sampling. Accuracy of the uncertain prediction model is ensured by comparing the failure probabilities with failure probability simulations based on a semi‐analytical Euler‐Bernoulli bridge beam model.


Single factor experiment was done to ensure rennet addition and whey separation conditions.Three factors and three levels of orthogonal experiment were explored treated yield rate,corrected yield rate and sensory evaluation scores as indicators respectively.With yield as the index,optimum process conditions are centrifugation 10s,0.004% rennet and 5% starter.With corrected yield as the index,optimum process conditions are centrifugation time 10 s,0.004% rennet and 3% starter.With sensory evaluation scores as the index,the optimum process conditions are 5% starter,0.005%rennet and centrifugation time 30 s.


The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between the nursing students' problem solving skills, nurse image and leadership for...


PurposeThe purpose of this study is to examine the state of research into adoption of machine learning systems within the health sector, to identify themes that have been studied and observe the important gaps in the literature that can inform a research agenda going forward.Design/methodology/approachA systematic literature strategy was utilized to identify and analyze scientific papers between 2012 and 2022. A total of 28 articles were identified and reviewed.FindingsThe outcomes reveal that while advances in machine learning have the potential to improve service access and delivery, there have been sporadic growth of literature in this area which is perhaps surprising given the immense potential of machine learning within the health sector. The findings further reveal that themes such as recordkeeping, drugs development and streamlining of treatment have primarily been focused on by the majority of authors in this area.Research limitations/implicationsThe search was limited to journal articles published in English, resulting in the exclusion of studies disseminated through alternative channels, such as conferences, and those published in languages other than English. Considering that scholars in developing nations may encounter less difficulty in disseminating their work through alternative channels and that numerous emerging nations employ languages other than English, it is plausible that certain research has been overlooked in the present investigation.Originality/valueThis review provides insights into future research avenues for theory, content and context on adoption of machine learning within the health sector.


We used a monochrometer to determine the mode number difference between two laser combs and derived the comb number without using a wavemeter or scanning the repetition rate for the semi-automatic, octave-spanning optical frequency counter.


Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) and Becker muscular dystrophy (BMD) are X-linked neuromuscular disorders associated with mutation in the large 2.3-Mb dystrophin gene (Koenig et al., 1987). About 76% of mutations are large deletions or duplications (Forrest et al., 1988; den Dunnen et al., 1989; Beggs et al., 1990; Chamberlain et al., 1990), while the remaining 30% are due to small mutations (Roberts et al., 1994; Gardner et al., 1995; Prior et al., 1995). Thus far, 90 unique small mutations have been identified, most of which result in premature translational termination due to nonsense (44%) or frameshift (48%) mutations. Seven missense mutations account for the remaining 8% of small mutations. Analysis of 147 DMDDMD patients (Simard et al., 1992) has identified 44 patients with no gross rearrangements in the dystrophin gene. Single-stranded conformational analysis (SSCA) , using primers from the routine multiplex reactions (Chamberlain et al., 1990; Beggs et al., 1990), identified two different point mutations (Akalin et al., 1994). We have now performed heteroduplex studies with exon 26-specific primers, which revealed an aberrantly migrating band for patient 4433 and his mother (Fig. 1). This fragment was absent in the DNA from his two unaffected brothers (11-2 and 11-3) and his sister (II4). Since the maternal alleles at the C7 locus could not be phased, the carrier status of 11-4 remained ambiguous. This result however, indicates that 11-4 did not inherit the dystrophin gene mutation segregating in this family. Direct sequencing of the purified exon 26 polymerase chain reaction (PCR) product (373A DNA sequencer, Applied Biosystems) revealed a deletion of a single adenine at nucleotide position 3678 in repeat 8 of the dystrophin gene and the mutation has been designated 3678delA. This deletion causes a frameshift and premature translational termination three codons downstream of the mutation. Sequence data from the mother's DNA confirmed the presence of a normal and mutant exon 26 allele. Patient 4433 presented with delayed motor development, and his muscle biopsy indicated the presence of dystrophic fibers. He became wheelchair bound at 11.5 years of age. The 3678delA mutation described for this patient is consistent with the lack of dystrophin staining in his muscle biopsy (data not shown). This is the third private mutation reported in exon 26. Bulman et al. (1991) described a nonsense mutation at nucleotide position 3677, and Wilton et al. (1994) identified a T-to-G substitution at the exon 26: intron 26 splice junction preventing normal RNA processing.


Numerical analysis using a Scharfetter and Gummel solution of Poisson's equation is carried out to find new device structures in order to increase the stabilized-efficiency of amorphous silicon (a-Si) solar cells. The relationship between density of acceptor states in absorber-layer (NA) and the characteristics of a-Si solar cells are calculated. It is found that stabilized-efficiency is increased when the distribution of electrons, holes and electric field inside the absorber-layer were controlled. In this study, carrier concentration of i-layer, p/i interface and i/n interface are investigated by calculation. As a result, stabilized-efficiency of 8.1% of a conventional a-Si solar cell could establish a high stabilized-efficiency of 9.3% by increasing the NA as same as the density of defect states in i-layer and also by applying partially doping near p-side of i-layer.


Introduction Data warehousing has become an increasingly important technology in many organizations, integrating disparate sources of data for decision-making, planning, and policy formulation. Data warehousing applications can be sources of competitive advantage. Even if the raw data is widely available, the strategies for integrating, analyzing, and acting on the information can be differentiating factors. Computer industry trends in processor performance, main memory growth, parallel servers, and especially storage subsystems are making large-scale data warehouses accessible to increasing numbers of organizations. In addition, Web-enabled access has made data warehouse deployment even more widespread. All these factors point toward data warehousing technology becoming an increasingly critical component of corporate knowledge management efforts.


The present invention discloses a three-speed three monomers ship propeller, belongs to the technical field of the ship. The combination of a single hull ship ball tail fin and tail bis pronation ship, the tail region of the ship in longitudinal section is provided a ball screw and a single co-ordinated with the line tail ship, the ship on two side shell tail region using propellers and two symmetrically disposed within the tail fin ship ambidextrous line fit therewith. The ship binding single ball tail and tail fin bis pronation ship, the three three monomers used in the high-speed paddle board.


Increased attention is being given to positive prevention which emphasizes intervening with HIV-infected individuals to reduce their likelihood of infecting others and enhancing quality of life. Numerous published research studies have been conducted in wealthy countries on psychosocial support for individuals infected with HIV some showing efficacy in reducing HIV risk behavior. It is however unclear whether psychosocial support services will reduce HIV risk behaviors in less economically developed settings. To examine this issue we conducted a systematic review of quantitative studies in developing countries to establish an evidence base for psychosocial support services for HIV-infected clients as a behavioral risk reduction intervention. (excerpt)


In this article, the improvement technique of gas duct cavity of heat engine using gas flow numerical modeling is considered. This technique allows studying gas flow features, as well as determining hydrodynamic loss values. Modeling gas flow in the duct is based on the Navier-Stokes solution of the Reynolds-averaged equations. According to numerical modeling and the change of duct cavity shape correspondingly, we get its configuration, which meets requirements to ensuring increase of technical, economic and environmental features of heat engine.


Recent crystallographic studies have offered a new understanding of how receptor tyrosine kinases from the ErbB family are regulated by their growth factor ligands. A large conformational change was shown to occur upon ligand binding, where a solely receptor‐mediated mode of dimerization was documented. We have shown that oxidative stress, in the form of H2O2, activates the epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor (EGFR, ErbB1) in human airway epithelial cells differently than its ligand, EGF. Most notably, H2O2 activation of the EGFR resulted in aberrant phosphorylation as well as impaired trafficking and degradation of the receptor, which leads to hyperplasia. Using various biochemical techniques, we now demonstrate that H2O2 activation of the EGFR is ligand‐independent and does not induce receptor dimerization in the same manner as EGF. Interestingly, H2O2−induced phosphorylation of the EGFR is not inhibited by the EGFR kinase inhibitors AG1478 and AG1517, which may negatively impact therapies targeting the kinase domain. Furthermore, H2O2 activation of the EGFR is temperature‐dependent and is inhibited by the addition of cholesterol, suggesting that activation by H2O2 is dependent upon membrane fluidity. Overall, our findings indicate that H2O2 activation of the EGFR does not fit the current paradigm of activation by EGF. By combining the information gained from the recent biochemical studies, we hope to develop models for the allosteric regulation of the EGFR under oxidative stress. These models will greatly improve our understanding of ErbB receptor signaling under oxidative stress, which will generate opportunities for the design of new anticancer agents.


The most popular, principal technique in high power lasers is the linear polarization rotation by Faraday Elements (FEs) for laser output extraction out of the system, isolation of laser chains, and birefringence compensation in solid-state laser medium [1]. Recent studies have indicated that under high average power, even solid-state FEs suffer from their own thermal effects seriously due to small absorption coefficient ! (for example, !of Terbium Gallium Garnet (TGG): Tb3Ga5O12 is the order of 10-3cm-1 at 1" m wavelength). Especially, the absorption of laser radiation induced nonuniform temperature distribution over the cross-section of a medium leads to thermal birefringence, which causes the depolarization in FEs [2]. Subsequently several techniques have been proposed for the compensation for birefringence of FEs. One method bases on the idea of subtracting the phase incursion by using two FEs and reciprocal optical element [3]. Another method is to divide the Faraday medium into multi-disks similar to solid-state disk lasers [4,5]. Cryogenic cooling of Faraday materials has a possibility for decreasing thermal birefringence, because the dramatically increasing Verdet constant in addition to increasing thermal conductivity and suppressing the thermal expansion can be expected at cryogenic temperature. It may expect that the length of the Faraday medium could be shorter and hence absorbed power and thermal birefringence in Faraday medium would decrease. The effectiveness of cryogenic technique is demonstrated by improvement of the laser efficiency and the beam quality of solid-state lasers [6-8]. And the recent study indicated that this technique is applicable for FEs at liquid nitrogen temperature [9]. Verdet constant of paramagnetic material is inversely proportional to temperature. Therefore it is expected that the suppression of the thermal birefringence is more effective under the liquid nitrogen temperature. Temperature dependence of Verdet constant of single crystalline TGG that is the most popular material for FEs is measured from 266K to 353K [10]. However, it is necessary to measure Verdet constant under liquid nitrogen temperature for designing the FEs by cryogenic scheme. In this study we report the temperature dependence of Verdet constant of single crystal TGG from 9.1 K to 300K and new material of TGG ceramic from 7.8 K to 300 K at 1053 nm of wavelength. Verdet constant of the TGG ceramic is a difference only of 0.8 % compared with the value of single crystal. The measured value of Verdet constant for TGG ceramic at 7.8 K is 40 times higher than that at 300 K. It is expected that a TGG ceramic that can be enlarged in the future have similar thermal property of TGG. So this material is one of the promising materials for high peak and high average power lasers instead of Tb doped glass material which have low thermal conductivity and high absorption coefficient compared with a TGG.


This article describes an active-learning exercise intended to help teach copyright, fair use, and Creative Commons licenses. In the exercise students use a worksheet to draw original pictures, create derivative pictures on tracing paper, select Creative Commons licenses, and explore commercial usage, fair use, and copyright infringement. Librarian-instructors may find the completed worksheets to be useful aids to supplement copyright lectures; student perspectives will be integral because they are generating the examples used in discussion. Although a scholarly communication librarian developed this exercise to help introduce some basic copyright information to an undergraduate studio art and design class, the exercise can be performed in a general educational setting.


This article reviews several aspects of current best practice for metro operations, where the dominant considerations are quality of service and efficiency. The demand for good practice increases with the growth of urbanisation on a global scale. Key elements by passengers include: (1) speed; (2) reliability; (3) safety and security; (4) information; (5) comfort; (6) good travelling and waiting environment; (7) affordability; (8) ease of interchange; and (9) ease of use. The 'owners', who are usually metropolitan authorities, seek profitability, or at least a combination of cost- effectiveness and efficiency. Specific elements of good practice include: (1) minimised journey times; (2) better power/weight ratio; (3) reduced station stop times; (4) improved passenger discipline when alighting or boarding; (5) efficiency improvements, which can be achieved by various methods, including the use of automation and the use of competitive tendering; and (6) improvements to passenger security, including on-train alarm systems, more extensive television and communications systems, and safer streets. There are several other areas of best practice, where there have been important developments during recent years.


........................................................................................................... 3 Integrating Rock Music in Elementary School Education .............................. 4 Music in Early Education: Why It is Necessary ....................................................... 5 Reluctance in the Utilization of Pop/Rock Music and Counterarguments ............ 9 Methodology of an Example Rock-Integrated Plan ............................................... 16 Survey Findings of Jack Franscioni After School Program Students .................... 23 Conclusion ............................................................................................................... 27 Bibliography .................................................................................................. 28 Appendix A: Order of Operation Lesson Materials and Survey Results ........ 31 The Order of Operations ........................................................................................ 32 Order of Operations Lead Sheet ............................................................................. 34 Lyrics ........................................................................................................................ 37 Survey Questions ..................................................................................................... 39 Survey Results Summary ......................................................................................... 40 Original Survey Response Forms ............................................................................ 41 Appendix B: 8-Week Music Concepts Lesson Plans ...................................... 88 Sample Unit Lessons ...............................................................................................89


Two trinuclear CoII and ZnII complexes, [(CoL)2(OAc)2Co] and [(ZnL)2(OAc)2Zn], with an asymmetric Salen-type bisoxime ligand [H2L = 4-(N,N-diethylamine)-2,2′-[ethylenediyldioxybis(nitrilomethylidyne)]diphenol] were synthesized and characterized by elemental analyses, IR, UV/Vis, and fluorescent spectroscopy. The crystal structures of the CoII and ZnII complexes were determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction methods. The CoII atom is pentacoodinated by N2O2 donor atoms from the (L)2– unit and one oxygen atom from the coordinated acetate ion, resulting in a trigonal bipyramid arrangement. With the help of intermolecular hydrogen bonding C–H···O and C–H···π interactions, a self-assembled continual zigzag chain-like supramolecular structure is formed. The ZnII atom is pentacoodinated by N2O2 donor atoms from the (L)2– unit and one oxygen atom from the coordinated acetate ion, resulting in an almost regular trigonal bipyramid arrangement. A self-assembled continual 1D supramolecular chain-like structure is formed by intermolecular hydrogen bonding C–H···O and C–H···π interactions. Additionally, the photophysical properties of the CoII and ZnII complexes were discussed.


In the zwitterionic zinc title complex, [ZnCl2(C14H20N2O2)], the ZnII ion is four-coordinated in a distorted tetrahedral geometry. The Schiff base ligand employs its phenolate O and imine N atoms to coordinate the metal atom in a bidentate mode. Two Cl atoms complete the tetrahedral coordination environment. In the crystal, a pair of N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds connect the molecules into a centrosymmetric dimer. C—H⋯O, C—H⋯Cl and C—H⋯π interactions are also observed.


We present a model that examines the structural characteristics of an employee identity system that can reduce escalation of commitment to a failing course of action or, entrapment. We propose that...


With increasing use of technologies, the amount of accident data has been growing at an ever-increasing rate in the last few years. Government entities and private sectors have been busy and involved in collecting accident data on daily bases. Data for accidents is often among the most valuable assets since it helps in budgeting and implementation of policies and also helps policymakers to make decisions pertaining to infrastructure planning and development. But, as the mount of this data is growing, there is high demand and a need of finding methods, technique and tools to analyse such large volumes of data and find a solution to understand t he cause of increasing accidents in different regions of the world. In this research, we propose and implement a data mining framework to identify, analyse and determine attributes contributing to road accidents. The main aim of this research project is to implement a data mining framework for analysing the relationship between accident attributes and make recommendations for preventing the high occurrence of these accidents. This framework is evaluated with road accidents data from Khomas region, Namibia. The results demonstrate that the use of such an analytical tool can help in creating a knowledge base. The results find out that male drivers have massively contributed to the higher risk of accidents, especially, at intersections and during daylight. It also observed that young drivers are often involved in road traffic accidents happening in clear areas. Proportionally, old aged drivers are most likely to be involved in fatal accidents than in non-fatal accidents.


INTRODUCTION Traditionally measurement of subjective thermal comfort has been carried out using paper-based questionnaires (Underwood and Parsons 2005). For this reason, preliminary trials were conducted on trains with paper questionnaires recording subjective thermal comfort. The trials revealed that this method may not be suitable under certain journey conditions (e.g. inclement weather, when standing on a platform or getting on and off the train). For this reason, other methods of data collection were examined.


In order to utilize the waste material in the production of flavones from gingko leaves and explore the gingko leaves as the new source of natural carotenoids, the extraction of carotenoids from the waste extract of gingko leaves was studied. The results showed that the optimal extraction system could be as follows: extracting solvent: petroleum ether; material: solvent = 1:150; extracting temperature time: Ihr. under 50℃ , repeating twice. The resulting extract has highest absorption spectrum value.


Symposium Infant neuroimaging studies have unique potential to elucidate early brain developmental trajectories and how different experiences may alter these trajectories. With large-scale initiatives, like the Developing Human Connectome Project, the Baby Connectome Project, and the HEALthy Brain and Child Development Study, more and more researchers are joining this exciting field. However, despite the potential of and interest in infant neuroimaging, the overall field is still nascent and a relatively few infant neuroimaging talks have been presented at OHBM. Here, we offer four cutting-edge infant neuroimaging works, exploring a wide-range of topics. First, a systematic review presents an overview of different common space templates used in infant neuroimaging and how the lack of standards hurts infant neuroimaging. Next, we present two talks on individual differences in infant functional networks and connectomes. Finally, we present on how experienced discrimination of BIPOC, pregant women affects amygdala and hippocampus connectivity in their infants. By attending this symposium, researchers will gain a greater understanding of where the field of infant neuroimaging is heading.


Communication is integral to knowledge transfer in human-human interaction. To inform effective knowledge transfer in human-robot interaction, we conducted an observational study to better understand how people use gaze and other backchannel signals to ground their mutual understanding of task-oriented instruction during learning interactions. Our results highlight qualitative and quantitative differences in how people exhibit and respond to gaze, depending on motivation and instructional context. The findings of this study inform future research that seeks to improve the efficacy and naturalness of robots as they communicate with people as both learners and instructors.


Objective To investigate the role of acidic ribosomal protein P2 in ultraviolet(UV) induced fast cell apoptosis.Methods Murine thymoma cell line 3SB,human leukemia cell line Jurkat,human cervical cancer cell line HeLaS3,and human breast cancer cell line MCF-7 were confirmed their sensitivities to UV induced cell apoptosis.After UV irradiation,fluorescence microscope was applied to observe the cell apoptotic morphology,and erythrosine-staining cell was counted to calculate the cell death rate.The apoptotic mark protein expression in fast died cell was detected by Western blot.The cytosolic extracts were resolved with mini two dimensional gel electrophoresis and with P2 antibody using the Wes-tern blot to analyze the acidic ribosomal protein P2.Moreover,total acidic ribosomal protein P2 expression was assayed by Western blot.Results After UV irradiation,3SB and Jurkat cells demonstrated fast apoptosis,with 100% apoptotic rate reached within 24 h,and PARP and P21 were activated in those cells.However,HeLa S3 and MCF-7 showed delayed cell death.Dephosphorylated acidic ribosomal protein P2 was confirmed in fast apoptotic Jurkat cells,and total of P2 expression was reduced,accompanied with PARP activation.Conclusion Dephosphorylation and reduced expression of acidic ribosomal protein P2 is associated with the activation of UV-induced fast apoptosis.


The sausage was made by adding Gorgon fruit pulp,we choose these indexes as primary factors which are gorgon fruit addition、starch addition and the proportion of pig pat and muscle added.The optimum formula of gorgon fruit sausage was obtained through orthogonal experiment:gorgon fruit addition amount of 4 %,addition proportion of pig fat and muscle of 1:9 and starch addition amount of 8 %.The surface of the sausage castings was dry,tidy and free of spots.The cutting pieces were springy,smooth,dense,and free of bubbles.The gorgon fruit was well distributed.The taste was the combination of the gorgon fruit and sausage,fresh,tender,clean and free of sour taste.The physicochemical and microbiologic standards were established and all the end products lived up to the national standards.


This paper discusses the three ethics on the relation between man and nature, and concludes that both human-centered ethics and nature-centered ethics have their defaults and limitations, only the ethics of sustainable development focuses on the harmony and equity between man and nature is the ideal ethics about nature and environment.


Slavery in ancient Greece was commonplace. In this book Sara Forsdyke uncovers the wide range of experiences of slaves and focuses on their own perspectives, rather than those of their owners, giving a voice to a group that is often rendered silent by the historical record. By reading ancient sources 'against the grain,' and through careful deployment of comparative evidence from more recent slave-owning societies, she demonstrates that slaves engaged in a variety of strategies to deal with their conditions of enslavement, ranging from calculated accommodation to full-scale rebellion. Along the way, she establishes that slaves made a vital contribution to almost all aspects of Greek society. Above all, despite their often brutal treatment, they sometimes displayed great ingenuity in exploiting the tensions and contradictions within the system of slavery.


The spatial wave-function switched field effect transistor (SWSFET) has two or three low band-gap quantum well channels that can conduct carrier flow from source to drain of the SWSFET. Because of this property, SWSFETs are useful to implement different multi-valued logic with reduced device count. In this work, we introduce the circuit model of a SWSFET and the design of a unipolar inverter where only one kind of charge carrier contributes to the current flow.


Beyond Humbug: Transforming government engagement with Indigenous Australia Michael C Dillon and Neil D Westbury 2007 Seaview Press, West Lakes, SA, vii+243pp, ISBN 9781740084802 [ILLUSTRATION OMITTED] Both Dillon and Westbury bring 30 years of close experience with remote Aboriginal communities to this book. (While they use the word 'Indigenous', Aboriginal Australians are the peoples meant). 'Humbug' is a good word in the book's title because of that longstanding poplar belief that a great deal of humbug is involved in dealings with Aboriginal peoples: humbug first on the part of government officials passing out money for benefit programs of uncertain value; humbug on the part of academics engaged in the 'Aboriginal studies industry'; humbug by Aborigines who have been swallowing too much misplaced welfare money; and, finally, looking from the Aboriginal side, a great deal of humbug by the White community that speaks fair words but avoids doing anything that might really support Aboriginal life and culture. The authors of Beyond Humbug give a verbal serve to all of the above because they find humbug in all of them. They do not claim to take up everything, warning also that each chapter is self-contained and can be read on its own, and the reader should not be surprised to find some divided opinions. The book is not just denunciation or shrill advocacy but, rather, an attempt to give reasons why so much labour, by so many well-intentioned persons, using so much money, has gone awry. In their introduction, Dillon and Westbury summarise some common half-truths about Aboriginal disadvantage. Economists say that Indigenous citizens should not be treated in separate legislative and administrative ways, since that only stymies their own economic development. Moreover, their culture, especially communal forms of property rights, is an obstacle to 'progress'. Historians and political scientists, for their part, have seen government intrusions as preventing Indigenous self-determination and sovereignty and as having dismantled their own normal authority networks. Anthropologists emphasise that cultural differences were not taken into account in making policy, with the result that the programs did not mesh with situations on the ground. Finally, a continuous diet of welfare has generated a climate of dependency that has sapped, fatally, all sense of personal responsibility and initiative. Attempts to overcome this passivity by coercion and imposition do not work, as Australian history has amply shown. If all these opinions say something about government failure, how can we develop, as they put it, a 'comprehensive re-engagement policy framework'? Dillon and Westbury note that WEH Stanner (1968) put his finger on a basic problem when he wrote in his Boyer Lectures of the 'cult of forgetfulness', and of the 'cult of disremembering' from the beginning in 1790; Dillon and Westbury accept his judgment (p.l). The core theme of this book is about a 'structural government disengagement' that has left the need, as they put it, 'for establishing effective institutional frameworks for nation identity' (p.5). To accomplish this, a transforming of present government disengagement between Aboriginal peoples and other Australians will be crucial. In small remote communities in northern Australia, the absence of police, nurses, teachers and other officials has left a veritable governance vacuum. Outside major towns and cities, local government is feeble, where it exists at all. The situation is serious enough, using World Bank and United Nations indices, to call into question the legitimacy of governance in northern remote communities and to run the risk of harbouring a failed state within our borders. Similar comments have been made recently by Lieutenant General John Sanderson (2008). Not only is national reputation at risk, but even national security (cf. Chapter 2, p.30). There are, of course, two radical ways of remedying disengagement: one path is to disengage completely and allow an independent Aboriginal state to form in the north with its own culture, its own government, its own way of doing things; the other path is to do just the opposite, to absorb and integrate Aboriginal Australians into the Australian mainstream until their culture effectively disappears. …


Despite increased interest in the development of decision aids (DAs) in prostate cancer care, little attention has been paid to communicative aspects of such tools. In this systematic review, we identified nineteen DAs for localized prostate cancer treatment through both published literature (MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, CENTRAL, and PsycINFO; 1990-2018) and online sources, and reviewed them for International Patient Decision Aids Standards (IPDAS) criteria and various communicative aspects. Results revealed variations in the use of IPDAS criteria and communicative aspects by DAs: (1) Few used visual aids to present (statistical) information, (2) none communicated personalized outcome probabilities, (3) a minority used interactive methods to elicit patients' values and preferences, and (4) most included biased side-by-side displays to compare treatment options. These issues may encourage communication researchers to develop intervention strategies for improving communicative aspects of DAs, which may lead to increased patient participation and understanding of treatments during shared decision making.


Abstract:Politics plays a crucial role in the construction of masculinities. This article examines the workings of political masculinities in Turkey in two categories: conventional party-related political masculinities and the emergence of a cosmopolitan masculinity. This article contributes to, and moves beyond, existing debates on hegemonic masculinity by bringing in political actors and traditions in the lives of ordinary men that are affected by leaders and discourses. We contend that there is a correlation between hegemonic masculinity and political masculinities as they connect and work upon relationality, justification, and persuasion in gender relations, the legitimation of patriarchy, and hierarchical masculinities.


Cyclic loading tests with variable strain amplitudes were conducted on 0Cr18Ni24Mo6 N weld metal and cyclic stressstrain behavior was analyzed. The results indicated that elastic modulus and yield stress both decreases linearly with increasing strain amplitude. Linear relationship was found between true stress and true strain logarithm in plastic deformation region. True stress and true strain met the single logarithm constitutive model in cyclic plastic deformation region and the parameters of this model for 0Cr18Ni24Mo6 N weld metal were determined.


In nonparametric regression with errors in the explanatory variable, the regression function is typically assumed to be smooth, and in particular not to have a rapidly changing derivative. Not all real-data applications have this property. When the property fails, conventional techniques, usually based on kernel methods, have unsatisfactory performance. We suggest an adaptive, wavelet-based approach, founded on the concept of explained sum of squares, and using matrix regularisation to reduce noise. This non-standard technique is used because conventional wavelet methods fail to estimate wavelet coefficients consistently in the presence of measurement error. We assume that the measurement error distribution is known. Our approach enjoys very good performance, especially when the regression function is erratic. Pronounced maxima and minima are recovered more accurately than when using conventional methods, which tend to flatten peaks and troughs. We also show that wavelet techniques have advantages when estimating conventional, smooth functions since they require less sophisticated smoothing parameter choice. That problem is particularly challenging in the setting of measurement error. A real-data example is discussed, along with a simulation study. Statistica Sinica: Newly accepted Paper (accepted version subject to English editing)


Filtration of aerosol particles using composites of nano- and microsized fibrous structures is a promising method of effective separation of nanoparticles from gases. The multiscale physical system describing the flow pattern and particles deposition in it requires other than a continuous approach for the process analysis. The lattice-Boltzmann method was used for the calculation of deposition efficiency on nanosized particles for the system consisting of two nano- and microsized fibers. The proposed method allows to calculate the deposition efficiency of nanoparticles on both fibers for a very wide range of Knudsen numbers in the case of each nanofiber considering molecular, slip, and continuous flow patterns. The nanofiber is a significant attractor for collecting particles as an element of multiscale fibers of the filtration composite. The results of particle deposition efficiency calculated for the microfiber, using proposed method, are similar to those obtained from the classical continuum approach (Filippova and Hanel 1997; Przekop et al. 2003). The proposed model was extended to calculate the performance of bilayer filter structures consisting of a nanofibrous front layer and a microfibrous backing layer of the filter. Filtration efficiency, pressure drop and quality factors for uniform and non-uniform distributions of nanofibers in the front filter layer were calculated for a wide range of Knudsen and Peclet numbers.


The complexity of the debate about sciences in the last decades of the 20th Century and the transformations in the main paradigms that sustain them, create a new scenario of challenges and opportunities for library and information science and their relationship to the interdisciplinary environment. Science philosophers and, in particular, theorists of our disciplines nurture us with ideas and concepts VOL. 15 NO. 4, DECEMBER, 2010


The present study deals with a group of insurance policies complementary to life insurance ones, concerning Dread Disease risk in additional form as to term insurance policies or in early form as to upgraded endowment ones, provided by the Italian insurance market. They deal with random benefits of parts with reference to disease and death occurrences as well as a first and a second moments, in order to get probability for the portfolio here considered, having a coverage fund but no reinsurance. The problem is faced also in case of a specific correlation among risks and the correlation is determined among the various components of the random gain on single policies. In the end a numerical application of schemes involved is also worked out.


Conventional risks, such as environmental degradation, tend to take on new dimensions due to increasingly extreme weather conditions, growing geographical concentration of populations and wealth, etc. Emerging issues, such as new diseases, biotechnologies, bio-terrorism, are occurring, many of which are characterised by extreme uncertainty and the possibility of extensive harm. Government capacity to adjust to traditional and new risks seems increasingly challenged by modern complexities, while at the same time people seem more ready to accept risk resulting from "private" decisions rather than those resulting from "public" decisions (for example most consumers seem ready to assume the uncertainty resulting from the use of cellular phones or pharmaceuticals).


A diamagnetic loop receives the external magnetic field fluctuations distorted by vacuum vessel eddy currents. Without installing a compensation coil in vacuum, the fluctuation is compensated from the circuit model of the vacuum vessel with only a Rogowski coil measurement of the external magnetic coil current. The vacuum vessel is modeled as a mixture of several inductively linked conductors. By solving the circuit equations, it is shown that the distortion is given as a convolution of exponentially decaying functions and the Rogowski coil signal. The characteristic time is obtained by a least-squares fitting algorithm. The convolution is calculated by using the fast Fourier transform technique. The external magnetic field fluctuations of the diamagnetic loop are reduced to 0.005% of the external magnetic field intensity.


Mercury emissions from coal-fired electric generating utilities are a major uncontrolled source of mercury in the environment. This mercury may be contributing to serious health problems in segments of our society. The USGS is compiling information on mercury in coal that may be useful in developing strategies for reducing mercury emissions from coal use. The USGS coal-quality database contains information on mercury concentrations in more than 7,000 coal samples. Detailed geochemical analysis has helped to determine that mercury in coal is commonly associated with pyrite, but other modes of occurrence may be locally important. Physical coal cleaning removes, on average, 37 percent of the mercury. Characterization of feed coal and its combustion byproducts is helping to further understand the behavior of mercury in utility boilers. Introduction The concentration of mercury in coal has been of concern since the passage of the 1990 Clean Air Act Amendment (Toole-O'Neil and others, 1999). In 1994, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) estimated that about 50 t of mercury is emitted each year from coal-burning power plants in the United States, with lesser amounts coming from oiland gas-burning units. In February 1998, the EPA issued a report citing mercury emissions from electric utilities as the largest uncontrolled source of mercury to the atmosphere (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1997). The EPA estimates emissions from coal-fired utilities (fig. 8) may exceed 25 percent of the total airborne emissions of mercury (natural plus anthropogenic) in the United States (table 1). The EPA suggested that utility mercury emissions are of sufficient potential concern for public health to merit further research and monitoring (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1997). For the past 20 years, the USGS has been conducting research on the distribution and concentration of mercury in coal in the United States. More recently, the USGS has undertaken research to understand the forms of mercury in coal and its behavior during coal cleaning and combustion (Toole-O'Neil and others, 1999). Coal-Quality Database on Mercury The USGS has compiled a coal-quality database containing information on the concentration of mercury in more than 7,000 in-ground coal samples. The average concentration of total mercury in coal is about 0.2 mg/g (micrograms/gram); values exceeding 1 mg/g are rare. On an equal energy basis, the highest mercury concentrations are found in the Gulf Coast lignites (36 lb of Hg/1012 Btu), and the Hams Fork region coal (Wyoming) has the lowest value (4.8 lb of Hg/1012Btu). Mean concentrations for total mercury in coal for the major coal basins in the United States are shown in figure 9. The data for individual samples can be found at: http://energy.er.usgs.gov/products/databases/coalqual/intro.htm. The USGS is also developing a database that will contain information on the mercury content of coals being mined and burned in other major coal-producing countries. The data should help to establish worldwide contributions of mercury as a result of emissions from coal combustion—information that is presently not well known. Forms of Mercury in Coal As a result of the generally low concentration of total mercury in coal, and the high volatility of mercury, it is particularly difficult to determine the form(s) of mercury in coal. Recent research indicates that most of the mercury in coal is associated generally with secondary, arsenic-bearing pyrite (Finkelman, 1981; Toole-O'Neil and others, 1999). The mercury was deposited with the pyrite in cleats and fractures when hydrothermal solutions percolated through coal (Toole-O'Neil and others, 1999). Other forms of mercury that have been reported are organically bound mercury, elemental mercury, and mercury sulfides and selenides (fig. 10); (Finkelman, 1981). Mercury selenides may be the primary form of mercury in coal samples with little pyrite. Figure 8. Four Corners coal-fired electrification power plant near Farmington, N. Mex. Emissions from such power plants that use coal for fuel are under study as sites of potential mercury contamination to local and regional environments. Figure 9. Distribution of mercury in coal fields in the United States. Data are given on an equal energy basis, in which mercury concentration is converted to weight percent and


In addition, IN acid shows two functional centres that can interact with the silver metallic surface such as the carboxilate group and the aromatic nitrogen atom. Therefore, the analysis of the SERS spectra of IN has been focused on identifying the chemical species adsorbed on the silver surface and its centre of interaction by considering the participation of a photoinduced charge-transfer (CT) mechanism in each particular SERS record as we have previously detected in the SERS of pyridine derivatives [2]. =1.84) the pyridinic nitrogen atom can be protonated yielding a third chemical species with positive charge [1].


It is well known that obesity and sedentary behavior coexist and that both are associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) in women. Data from the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) show that in areas of the United States where rates of obesity are higher than 30% (Fig. 1), the prevalence of adults who report no leisure-time physical activity is also higher than 30% (Fig. 2). Likewise, the prevalence of obesity and physical inactivity predicts the presence of CVD death (Fig. 3). To highlight the association between the 3 conditions, one can nearly superimpose these 3 maps from the CDC.

Fig. 1 Obesity trends* among U.S. adults. Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, 2010.

Fig. 2 County-level estimates of leisure-time physical inactivity among adults aged ≥20 years: United States, 2008. Available from: http://www.cdc.gov/obesity/data

Fig. 3 United States: heart disease death rates. Women, aged 35+, 2000–2006. Available from: http://www.cdc.gov/dhdsp/maps/national_maps/hd_women.htm

More recently, however, questions have been raised about whether obesity and physical activity are independently associated with CVD risk or if they simply are associated with risk through known risk factors: diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and hypercholesterolemia. If the latter is true, risk reduction with pharmaceutical interventions—in spite of cost, side effects, and incomplete efficacy—might spare providers the difficult task of encouraging weight loss and promoting increases in physical activity. If the former is true, however, weight loss and physical activity are crucial therapies for the prevention of CVD in women.


This article offers an analysis of how a revolutionary organization—the LTTE in the Sri Lankan civil war (1983–2009)—used military training camps to produce new members. By framing war as a "transformative social condition" (Lubkemann 2008), I will show that the LTTE did not only teach recruits how to fight but also attempted to produce new political subjectivities and construct a new community. Through the imposition of discipline and punishments, control over the recruits' body and emotions, and the spread of nationalistic narratives, the LTTE aimed to transform them into freedom fighters embodying the political will of the organization. The proposed research on a self-making process under an authoritarian regime will lead us to develop a more nuanced understanding of the contrast that is usually drawn between will and coercion.


A None The invention relates, in general, N- vinylamide type composed of monomer polymers and copolymers, their preparation polymer, and compositions comprising the polymer (such as an electrophoretic separation medium), the polymers thereof a support comprising (such as capillaries), and to a method for separating biomolecules mixture using capillary electrophoresis (especially polynucleotides). Such a separation medium comprising a polymer, leads to advantageous performance in the analysis and separation of biomolecules by capillary electrophoresis. .BACKGROUND


The notion of a concept has been widely viewed to be fundamental to understanding the mind. However, some have recently questioned the explanatory role of this notion, asserting that we should eliminate it from our considered theory of the mind. In doing so, these critics are said to endorse a form of concept eliminativism. In this thesis, I challenge concept eliminativism and advance a defence of the theoretical relevance of the term 'concept'.

Firstly, I develop a new general taxonomy of eliminativist arguments and claims through examining a range of different eliminativist projects in different domains. Particularly relevant for this thesis, the proposed taxonomy allows for the characterisation of a type of eliminativism that appeals to the theoretical inadequacy of concepts that do not clearly designate a single class of things.

Secondly, I challenge what is currently the most prominent eliminativist proposal regarding concepts, namely, Machery's concept eliminativism. I begin by providing an overview of contemporary theories of concepts and their main problems. Then I go on to show that Machery's eliminativist proposal fails because it inherits many of the same problems facing the theories of concepts that Machery criticizes. Moreover, I contend that Machery's alternative to concepts is ill-equipped to solve the problem of intentional content. I conclude that these are good reasons to reject the claim that the benefits of eliminating the notion of a concept overweigh the cost of keeping it.

Finally, I defend the theoretical term 'concept' by sketching an approach to natural kinds suitable for an immature science, such as the contemporary science of the mind. I examine several apparently incompatible attitudes towards natural kinds within philosophy of science and argue that this apparent incompatibility demands revision. I address this challenge and develop a positive view that vindicates the scientific relevance of the term 'concept'.


Presented the design scheme of the controllable shut off valve according to the real condition of drainage system.Geometric model and mathematic model of the hydraulic controllable shut-off valve were built by using FLUENT dynamic mesh technology,the numerical simulation to its internal flow field was carried on,and the analog result was analysed.From the analysis results,can see that,when the valve's closure or open velocity is bigger than 0.01 m/s,the phenomenon of pressure fluctuation and the water hammer would occur easily.


Abstract : Two psychophysical measurement techniques, flicker photometry and successive heterochromatic brightness matching, were used to measure changes in luminance efficiency functions with increasing levels of light adaptation. Both measurement techniques were performed using the same optical system and the same seven healthy adults as subjects. Measurements were taken at four reference stimulus intensities, 1, 10, 100 and 1000 foot-lamberts. Luminous efficiency was found to depend on both the technique and the reference stimulus intensity with which the measurements were taken. For heterochromatic brightness matching, luminous efficiency increased for longer wavelengths as reference intensity increased. Peak luminous efficiency shifted from approximately 540nm to greater than 6OOnm with increasing intensity for all seven subjects. Peak luminous efficiency was constant for flicker photometry across all intensities but the function narrowed slightly at 100 foot-lamberts.


Alessandro Manzoni's I Promessi Sposi seems by now to have readied an almost sacred Status äs The Italian Novel, a work that not only summed up the early nineteenth-century potentials of the genre but one that has occupied Italian critics ever since — Croce and Sapegno, for example — äs an Illustration of the Italian ethos and the national literary tradition. Because such distinguished critics have reacted so intensely to the novel, there is reason to believe that a re-examination of / Promessi Sposi in the light of more recent and generalized critical approaches, that is, modern theories of the novel, can also be critically fruitful. Georg Lukacs, in the Theorie des Romans (first published in book form in Berlin, 1920), set forth one of the most persuasive and influential theories of the genre, and an investigation of Manzoni's novel in terms of Lukäcs' concepts does indeed set certain aspects of the novel in a new perspective. Lukacs discusses Manzoni explicitly only in a later book, Der historische Roman (originally published in Russian in Moscow, 1937), in a Marxist framework radically different from the Hegelian attitudes underlying the Theorie. In both books, Lukacs is concerned with the relationship between the epic and the novel. But in the Theorie, on whidi the following discussion is based, 'epic' is defined in Hegelian terms äs the lost worid and world view of the Greeks; the novel, on the other hand, is the form of our late, imperfect age. In the Historische Roman, however, Lukacs posits the ideal historical novel, äs written by Scott and Manzoni, äs a resurgence of the epic: if a historical novelist writes with a deep and correct understanding of the past and its continuation into the present, bis work can be a genuine modern epic. In fact, Lukacs prefers Manzoni to Scott precisely for the greater depth and breadth of the Italian's sense of history: ". . . sein Gefühl für die historische Echtheit des inneren wie äußeren Lebens [ist dem] Walter Scotts zumindest gleichrangig . . . sein Grundhtema ist viel weniger eine bestimmte konkrete historische Krise der nationalen Geschichte, wie dies bei Walter Scott der Fall ist, sondern eher die Krisenhaftigkeit des ganzen Lebens des italienischen Volkes infolge der Zerstückeltheit Italiens . . . Ohne den konkreten Rahmen des Ortes und der Zeit, der zeitund klassenbedingten Psychologie der Gestal-


The invention relates to a security element for security papers and documents of value such as banknotes, passports, identification documents or the like, wherein the security element has a color coded latent image with various image portions.


A modified sedimentation process was used in the production of a functionally gradient material (FGM), NiAl/Al_2O_3. A simple finite element model was used to guide our design and fabrication efforts by estimating residual stress states as a function of composite structure. This approach could lead to tailored designs that enhance or avoid specific residual stress states. Thermal cycling tests were factored into the model to predict time dependent or steady-state internal temperature and stress profiles. Four-point bend tests were conducted to establish the mechanical load-displacement behavior of a single interlayer FGM at room temperature, 800 and 1000 K. Room temperature bend strength of the FGM was 3–4 times that of the base NiAl. At elevated temperatures, composite fracture occurred in a gradual, noncatastrophic mode involving NiAl retardation of a succession of cracks originating in the alumina face.


Response surface methodology (RSM) was applied to p redict optimum conditions for microwave-assisted ex traction of total flavonoids extraction from Coreopsis tinct oria . A central composite design was used to monit or the effect of ratio of water to material, extraction time, microw ave power on yield of total flavanoid. the optimal extraction conditions were obtained as ration of water to mate rial of 70 mL/g, extraction time of 8 min and micro wave power 590 W. under this conditions, the average total fla vonoids yield was of 9.95% which matched with the p value of 9.99%. The extraction method was applied s uccessfully to extract total flavonoids from Coreop sis tinctoria.