Prior to the Medicines Act 1968, there was no control over the conditions under which the manufacture of medicinal products was carried out by the pharmaceutical industry, or in hospital pharmacy. The Act served to bring all aspects of industrial manufacture under legal control, and included a requirement for a satisfactory system of quality control. It soon became apparent that it would be inconsistent to permit manufacturing in hospital pharmacy without a comparable quality control system, and the necessary hospital circular HSC(IS)128 entitled Application of Medicines Act to Health Authorities was eventually issued in April 1975, by which time many Areas in the Health Service were already developing quality control laboratories, and some Regions had appointed specialist Principal Pharmacists in Quality Control. The systems of quality control which have developed have not been the same for all Regions, partly for geographical reasons, and a system of organisation appropriate to one Region may not suit another. This is an account of the current state of development of the quality control system for one Region of the Health Service, the Trent Region. Whilst this paper is concerned with the practicalities of the system, rather than the philosophy behind it, it is nevertheless worthwhile to reassert that quality control is much more than the execution of analytical tests in a laboratory on raw materials, intermediates and finished products. Quality cannot be controlled into a product at the end of the production process; it must be built in. The Quality Control Pharmacist must maintain close contact with Production Pharmacists, and must be aware of the manufacturing processes, procedures and environment which give rise to the products which he is testing. The quality of the product should be assured before it is tested, so that the final testing is the 'long stop'. There is in fact a developing preference for the use of the term 'quality assurance' rather than 'quality control', as a better description of the total system. It is necessary to retain this balanced picture, since what follows is concerned largely with the development of the analytical aspect of quality assurance in the Region. Although circular HSC(IS)128 did not appear until April 1975, members of the Medicines Inspectorate began informally to visit hospitals and the Blood Transfusion Service in December 1973 in the Trent Region to advise on manufacturing conditions and procedures, and quality control systems. The formal visits followed in the first half of 1976, and the Reports on these visits are currently being received, some six to twelve months later. Much work has already been done to meet the requirements of the Medicines Inspectorate on both the production and the quality assurance side, although further progress is necessary in order to reach a situation satisfactory to the Medicines Inspectorate and to ourselves for all hospitals in which pharmaceutical manufacture is carried out. The main priorities which must be achieved are as follows:-


The phenomenon of ordnance velocity impact of projectile on single and layered plates is of interest for many applications. In this paper. an experimental study of normal and oblique impacts or an ogive shaped, hard steel projectile on single and layered plates of mild steel and aluminium is presented. The projectiles were fired at an impact velocity of about 820 ms-1. The plate thickness was varied in the range 10 mm to 40 mm and the ratio of plate thickness to the diameter of the projectile varied in the range 1.5 to 13.0. Observations on target damage and measurements of incident and residual velocities for different angles of impact are presented. Plate thickness t*, for which the incident velocity is the ballistic limit, is determined. Computer simulations were carried out using a hydrodynamic code to simulate the normal impact of a projectile and compared these with the experimental results. Experiments were performed to evaluate the response of these plates of intermediate thickness when layered. and the results were compared to the results of single plate of same total thickness.


The wood of 25-year-old Pinus radiata D. Don. from Jebel Marra area Western Sudan was studied as a potential exotic timber tree. The physical and mechanical properties were determined including wood density, , static bending, modulus of rupture( MOR), modulus of elasticity ( MOE), Impact bending, compression strength parallel to grain, and shear stress. The obtained results were compared with the values for the same Pinus species from Southern Sudan and California state. The results have shown that the average value for the oven-dry wood density (529.0 kg m ) for the Western Sudanese pine was lower than that for the Southern Sudan pine (600 kg m). And nearer to the California pine ( 515 kg m).The Sudanese radiata pine has shown lower shrinkage ratio (1.55). The average value for the modulus of rupture (MOR) for the Western Sudan pine (807.0 kPa cm ) was higher than for the Southern Sudan pine (775.7 kPa m) and a bit lower than the California pine (814 kPa m).The modulus of elasticity (MOE) was higher average value for the Southern Sudan pine (12.72 GPa cm) which resembles that of the California pine (12.70 GPa cm ) while it was lower for the Western Sudan pine (11.63 GPa cm). The compressive strength was higher than both Southern Sudan and the California pines while the shear stress was lower than that of the American pine.


2011– Abstract publication "Reliability of the Six Minute Walk Test and Timed Up & Go Test in Persons with Transfemoral Amputation", Physiotherapy, 97, Supplement 1, June 2011, p: S18-S1415 - Special Interest Report Abstracts, pages. S227. (IF=0.641)


Ascorbic acid (ascorbate) participates in critical steps of the biosynthesis of norepinephrine, including those mediated by tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and dopamine-β-hydroxylase (DBH). For example, DBH is responsible for the conversion of dopamine into norepinephrine in noradrenergic terminals and requires the activity of the ascorbate-coupled cytochrome b561 protein (CYB561). The recent identification of 2 families harboring CYB561 gene mutations manifested with longstanding orthostatic hypotension (OH)1,2 resembling the phenotype of DBH deficiency3,4 emphasizes the important role of ascorbic acid–related processes in sympathetic control of blood pressure.


In South Korea, some interethnic families result from prearranged marriages where 1 spouse is an immigrant. In this study, traits of children in families of interethnic immigrant marriages were studied by individual interviews of ten kindergarten teachers responsible for them and 8 observations of t...


Being a university undergraduate no longer guarantees job placement. Previous literature has proven that the work experiences of an internship program make a significant impact on students' career choices as it provides students with realistic expectations of their future careers. Students who have undergone their internship program agree that internship satisfaction would have a strong influence on their career intentions. Although several studies emphasized on student internship experiences and career intention, there is a lack of empirical research that has been carried out on the relationship between internship determinants and internship satisfaction, particularly within the hospitality context. Therefore, this present study aims to examine the factors associated with internship satisfaction. There are three factors identified as the determinants of the internship satisfaction, namely job characteristics, organizational environment, and contextual factors. A quantitative research method involving 302 hospitality undergraduates from seven public universities that offer Bachelor in Hospitality and Food Service courses in Malaysia had been conducted. Findings from the three independent variables (job characteristics, organizational environment, and contextual factors) show that the organizational environment has the highest impact on internship satisfaction (beta = .480), followed by job characteristics (beta = .366), and contextual factors (beta = .113). Journal of Tourism, Hospitality & Culinary Arts (JTHCA) 2020, Vol. 12 (1) pp 34-47 © The Author(s) 2020 Reprints and permission: UiTM Press Submit date: 09th August 2019 Accept date: 11th September 2019 Publish date: 29th February 2020 The influence of internship determinants on hospitality undergraduates' satisfaction level: A case of public universities in Malaysia Special Issue: Sustainability, Safety and Security (3S) Crunch Time Ahead for Hospitality, Tourism, and Travel Industry Hospitality and Tourism Conference 2019 31 October 2019, Malaysia


Yam (Dioscorea cayennensis Lam), an important crop in the Northeastern region of Brazil, is susceptible to the attack of several phytopathogenic fungi, such as Curvularia eragrostides (Henn.) Meyer and Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (Penz.), which cause leaf spot diseases. This work aimed to evaluate the effect of six actinomycete isolates (S. thermotolerans, S. griseus subsp. griseus, Streptomyces sp. N0035, S. purpurascens, and two isolates identified as Streptomyces sp.), as well as the effect of their secondary metabolites, on mycelium growth and spore germination of C. eragrostides and C. gloeosporioides, from yam plants, cultivar da Costa. Additionally, the chitinolytic activity of these actinomycete strains was determined in a minimum salt growth medium with chitin as the sole carbon source. There was significant interaction between the actinomycete isolates and the phytopathogenic fungi for spore germination and mycelium growth inhibition. Streptomyces sp. codified as AC 26 was more efficient in inhibiting spore germination of C. eragrostides, while S. thermotolerans and Streptomyces sp. N0035 were more efficient for C. gloeosporioides. Streptomyces sp. (AC 26) was the most efficient in inhibiting mycelium growth of both fungi, and the inhibitory effect was positively correlated to metabolite concentration. S. griseus subsp. griseus did not show chitinolytic activity and did not control mycelium growth of both fungi. The actinomycete strains evaluated in this study can be considered potential biological agents for controlling yam phytopathogenic fungi associated with leaf spot diseases.


Abstract Aim/purpose – The main objective of this research is to investigate the relationship between service quality and customer loyalty and the moderating effect of positive word-of-mouth on this relationship in the hospitality sector, in North Central Nigeria. Design/methodology/approach – The research adopted a quantitative technique. Data were collected through a survey technique and Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 25.0 was used for descriptive analysis. Then SmartPLS 3.3.7 was employed to examine relations between service quality, customer loyalty, and positive word-of-moth. Findings – The current study confirmed that service quality had a significant positive relationship with customer loyalty and positive word-of-mouth moderates the relationship between service quality and customer loyalty. Research implications/limitations – The current study looked at the moderating effect of positive word-of-mouth on the relationship between service quality and customer loyalty in relation to the hospitality sector in North Central Nigeria. Originality/value/contribution – Examination of the moderating role of positive word- -of-mouth in this study has aided to fit into the literature gap.


The technology for a system and method for allocating tasks in the cloud is generally described. In some examples, the method may include determining, based on the phase and the task request the task of receiving the requests to the task determines the service-specific data related to the task. In some examples, the method may further include receiving the resource data according to a first resource and a second resource in the cloud. In some examples, the method may include determining a second correlation value between the first correlation value and the task and the second task and the resource between the first resource based on the service-related data and the resource data. In some examples, the method may include the step of assigning the task to the first resource on the basis of the first correlation value and a second correlation value.


and CDK 4/6 inhibitor also progressed within a few months. BRCA gene analysis re-vealed BRCA2 mutation. PARP inhibitor was then administered. The chest wall tumor slowly shrank at 2 months after the commencement of therapy, and the arm edema also improved and continues to resolve.


This monograph is a revised version of a doctoral dissertation completed at the Centre for the Study of Religion at the University of Toronto in 1996. At the beginning, the author enunciates clearly his purpose, method, and organization, and he adheres closely to the agenda he has set. His purpose is to provide a sophisticated comparison of early Syriac Christianity with the Bahaءi faith as enunciated by its founder Bahaullah. His method rests primarily on adaptations of concepts developed for cultural anthropology by Sherry Ortner and for comparative religion by Ninian Smart. Briefly characterized, his approach is a comparison of central symbols drawn from the two religious traditions as represented by a normative set of texts. While eschewing a strictly historical method, Buck strives to avoid the pitfalls of older comparative studies by attending to the distinctive historical contexts of the 4th-century Syriac Christian authors Ephrem and Aphrahat and the 19th-century articulation of the faith of Bahaullah.


This essay is a close examination of Bryn Mawr College Dormitory (1960–1965) by Louis I. Kahn. In relation to Manuel DeLanda's "Emergence, Causality and Realism", the essay considers preliminary plan studies by Kahn, the building as realised, and the idea of active matter in DeLanda's essay. It is organised in five sections. The first sets out the questions and approach. The second, third and fourth sections treat respectively the plan, entry hall, and external building fabric of Bryn Mawr. The notion of active matter as set out in DeLanda's essay and touched on in section one, is treated in the final section. Topics for subsequent investigation are offered as a conclusion.


Statement of Purpose The purpose of this field study was to research the literature concerning minimum competency testing and using twelfth grade students at Donovan High School , develop a student originated minimum competency test . Further consideration was given to potential use in curriculum study and minimum competency evaluation . The students were instructed in the basics of minimum competency tests and testing programs . Care was given to not bias their choice or selection processes . The completed test was evaluated and considered to be a foundation for future studies in minimum competency testing and curriculum applications . Procedure Although this project was designed by local students to be used within the Donovan School District, this writer believes that the practice of util i z ing students in the development of curricular studies and minimum competency programs , is appropriate and beneficia l . A project of this type may be applied to programs in other districts that are interested in approaching the same problem in a similar manne r . The study is divided into five chapters . Chapter one indicates the purpose for the project . It states the procedures and limitations that will be fol lowed . Chapter two presents a review of the available literature . This sampling includes information gathered on the pro and con aspects of minimum competency testing , and legal , federal , state , and local involvrnent . Chapter three identifies procedures used in the actual preparation and participation of the project. It discusses the three phases of student involvement that led to the completion of the student developed tes t . Chapter four includes applications and recommendat ions for the test as it applies to use as a minimum competency examination , and as an indicator for potential curriculum change . Chapter five contains the summary , conclusion, and recommendations that fol low the participation in this proj ect . The appendix contains an example of the student developed minimum competency test and is followed by a complete bibl iography . A STUDENT DEVELOPED MINIMUM COMPETENCY TEST FOR DONOVAN HIGH SCHOOL STUDY AND USE


Thesis (Nav. E.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Ocean Engineering, 1996, and Thesis (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Materials Sciences and Engineering, 1996.


Kathryn S. Hoff, Advisor The problem of this study was to explore social and cultural issues of acclimation faced by self-identified urban, Black/African American students at Bowling Green State University, a predominantly White institution. Included in the literature review was information about historical context, relevant racial identity theory, and current literature on the topic. Juniors, seniors, and recent BGSU graduates (from Spring 2007 to the present) who participated in the Sidney A. Ribeau President's Leadership Academy (PLA) and/or the Office of Residence Life Students of Color Mentoring, Aiding, Retaining, and Teaching (SMART) Program were solicited via e-mail to participate in an online, open-ended survey. Four themes occurred consistently throughout the responses from participants: denial of personal acclimation issues, the effect of quality exposure to Whites and/or predominantly White environments prior to arriving at BGSU, the benefit of participation in PLA/SMART, and the need to address certain issues to smooth transition. The recommendations from the researcher include conducting face-to-face interviews with self-identified participants in this study for more clarity about the extent and effectiveness of current methods addressing transition issues and repeating the study specifically with urban Black/African American students at BGSU who a) have had limited exposure to Whites and/or predominantly White environments, and b) do not participate in PLA, SMART, or similar programs in order to compare the responses and ascertain what needs to be done to retain Black/African American students at BGSU in higher numbers


With the arrival of the twentieth century, events that threaten the existence of the Cuban nationality manifest. Again education stands as a bastion in the defense of the Cuban identity. One of the guidelines assumed by Cuban educators in theory is to follow the national educational tradition of the nineteenth century. Among these is the Pinar del Rio educator Jose Elpidio Perez Somossa, who with his educational actions became a renovator of educational thought in the province, facing the harmful features of scholastic traditionalism which prevailed in school practice in the first half of the twentieth century .


As a universal phenomenon in many languages,semantically,nominal quantifiers is spatially shaped,which is decided by the cognitive rules of mankind.Human cognition develops from the concrete to the Abstract,which is the true to nominal quantifiers.Pragmatically,nominal quantifiers in Chinese and English show their rhetoric effects through general context,cognitive context and cultural context.


Much new information has been reported since the last evidence-based GRAPPA recommendations for the treatment of psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis (PsA).We aimed to compile the evidence for the efficacy and safety of established and newly developed drugs targeting the peripheral arthritis domain in PsA so as to provide information for the revised GRAPPA treatment recommendations.A working group consisting of clinicians and patient research partners (PRPs) was convened. We performed an updated systematic literature review (SLR) of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) for the treatment of PsA, including peripheral arthritis, from the date of the last GRAPPA SLR, from February 19, 2013 to August 28, 2020. The working group reviewed the evidence supporting the efficacy on peripheral arthritis for each class of drug, according to the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) approach, for three patients groups: 1) naïve to treatment; 2) refractory to conventional (-c)DMARDs; and 3) with prior biological (-b)DMARD experience. We also evaluated the evidence for non-pharmacological treatments. A set of important outcomes for the peripheral arthritis domain was assessed for each class of medication. The certainty of evidence supporting each class of drugs for each patient group was evaluated. Recommendations were derived through consensus meetings.87 articles from 52 RCTs were included. For patients with mild disease who are naïve to treatment, the working group strongly recommends csDMARDs (methotrexate, sulfasalazine, leflunomide) and PDE4i, and weakly recommends them for severe disease, where TNFi are preferred over csDMARDs. Other bDMARDs (IL-17i, IL-12/23i, IL-23i) and JAKi are strongly recommended to treat peripheral arthritis for treatment naïve patients. For patients with inadequate response to csDMARDs, we strongly recommend TNFi, IL-17i, IL-12/23i, IL-23i and JAKi. For those who had prior experience with bDMARDs, we strongly recommend a second TNFi, IL-17i, IL-23i and JAKi. Certainty of evidence (GRADE) and recommendations for peripheral arthritis domain of PsA for different population groups are shown in Table 1. While the evidence supporting non-pharmacological treatments was low, we derived the recommendations from clinician/PRP expert opinion, included advocating an increase in physical activity, smoking cessation and a healthy diet to control weight gain.Evidence supporting drug treatment for the peripheral arthritis domain of PsA was compiled, providing required information for the revised GRAPPA treatment recommendations. Further work seeking agreement from a broader group of stakeholders is in progress.Table 1.Certainty of evidence (GRADE) and Recommendation for peripheral arthritis of PsATreatment naivecsDMARD inadequate responsebDMARD inadequate responseDrug classevidence (GRADE)Recom-mendationevidence (GRADE)Recom-mendationevidence (GRADE)Recom-mendationPDE-4iMod to highStrong for(mild/ mod disease)Conditional for(severe disease)Mod to HighStrong forbDMARD exp: ModbDMARD IR: Mod (NS)Conditional for (bDMARD exp)Conditional against (bDMARD IR)TNFiHighStrong forHighStrong forModStrong fora 2ndTNFiTNFiVs. MTXHighStrong for TNFi as 1st line for severe disease----IL-17iHighStrong forHighStrong forMod to highStrong forIL-12/23iMod to highStrong forMod to HighStrong forLowConditional forIL-23iHighStrong forHighStrong forModStrong forJAKiMod*Strong forHighStrong forMod to HighStrong forCTLA4iVery LowConditional for†LowConditional for†Mod (NS)Conditional for†Dual TNFi/ IL17iModerateNA¥ModNA¥NANA¥IL-6iVery LowConditional againstVery low to lowConditional againstNAConditional againstNS: not statistically significant; *included data from abstract; ¥ not making recommendation due to not approved and not available in market; †reserve for no alternatives. Mod: Moderate; exp: experienced; IR: inadequate response.We are grateful to the contribution of our patient research partner, Rodrigo Firmino.None declared.


The on-wing engine performance is difficult to track for thermodynamic models because of its inaccurate component maps, and also difficult for data driven methods for their over-fitting to measurement errors. So, we propose a thermodynamic based and data driven hybrid network for gas turbine modeling. Different from thermodynamic models, our network reconstructs the component characteristics in a data-driven way to take component degeneration and individual difference into consideration. Moreover, different from data driven methods, in the training phase, physical based equations and the analytical mathematical description are used to ensure that the optimization converges to the gas turbine's dynamics. A huge number of relaxed quasi steady state flight data to 26970 is used to train and test our hybrid network. The result shows that the accuracy of our hybrid network can reach about 7% measured by max T6 relative error, 5% better than map fitting based thermodynamic model and 8% better than pure data driven method with similar model volume.


We report on the preliminary extension of our work on cataloging the GeV sky to approximately 7 years of CGRO/EGRET observations with special emphasis on a search for transient sources. The search method and significance levels are presented. Our initial results on 13 possible transients indicate that 3 may be new gamma-ray sources. Sixteen new steady GeV sources are also detected, 3 of which have never been reported as gamma-ray sources.


AbstractGiven that dynamic test data are difficult to obtain and relevant test results are always unstable, this study examines the rollover crash worthiness of a 6756-type bus. The finite element model and numerical simulation environment for the rollover crash are established in the LS-DYNA software according to the ECE R66 regulation to analyze the dynamic numerical simulation results of the rollover crash of the passenger vehicle. This study discusses and analyzes the energy dissipation of the system, the energy-absorbing effects of the main structure, and the deformation of the system in the rollover crash process. The effectiveness of the method that evaluates the rollover crash of the passenger vehicle with finite element is verified by comparing the simulation results and the real vehicle testing data. Results show that the amounts of absorbed energy of the right side, top, and left side walls of the passenger vehicle account for 40%, 30%, and 15% of the total absorbed energy, respectively. The de...


Energy feedback traction power system of urban rail has the features that variables are complex and strong real-time.This paper designs a monitoring platform based on embedded WinCE platform as a master control node and double DSP with CPLD system as a slave control node,with the industrial Ethernet as its transmission media.This article describes hardware design of the system,status display,parameters setting and errors recording.According to the practice,the monitoring system effectively shows a good function in date acquisition,expression and control.


The morphology and infraciliature of three marine ciliates, Frontonia didieri n. sp., F. multinucleata n. sp. and F. tchibisovae, isolated from northern China seas, were investigated using living observation and silver impregnation methods. Frontonia didieri n. sp. is recognized by: in vivo ca. 100–150 × 45–80 µm; 61–71 somatic, 3 vestibular and 3–5 postoral kineties; 4-rowed peniculus 1 and 2; peniculus 3 three-rowed; contractile vacuole centrally-located, with about eight conspicuous collecting canals. Frontonia multinucleata n. sp. is characterized by: 70–120 × 40–75 µm in vivo, dorsoventrally flattened about 2:1; 58–67 somatic, 3 vestibular and 4–5 postoral kineties; 3 peniculi each with 4 kineties; 2–4 globular macronuclear nodules; contractile vacuole located in posterior 1/3 of cell length. Based on both original and the Qingdao population, the poorly-defined Frontonia tchibisovae is redefined and a new diagnosis is supplied.


Preliminary research of AC breakdown voltage of thermal bubble induced two-phase flow condition of inflammable fluorocarbon by self-heating plane-plane electrode has been reported before. Further breakdown experiments by sphere-plane electrodes with different gap distance and working pressure have been accomplished in this paper. According to the experimental outcomes, the AC breakdown voltage of sphere-plane electrodes reproduced the "Z" shaped variation curve of plane-plane electrodes, which could be divided into three sections according to the surface heat density: In first section it nearly equals to the value of normal liquid with no heat density; and in the second section it drops sharply until it reaches the value of vapor. Along with the drop of breakdown voltage, the flow pattern and the superheat degree ΔT on the surface of self-heating electrode also changes with the heat density q. The test results illustrate that ΔT increases with q as power function until q reaches a threshold, where the visible bubbles appear firstly, and at the same time both of ΔT and breakdown voltage drops sharply. The change and influence of thermodynamic parameters like flow pattern and surface superheat have been discussed. The eigenvalues and eigenvectors to represent the converting point of BDV have been found to be applied in practice.


: This paper investigates the perception of feminism, feminists, and issues of concern in feminist research from the perspective of university students in China. It uses qualitative research method focus group, selecting 25 Chinese university students from different demographic characteristics, and interviewing for about 2 hours to discuss their views and attitudes towards feminism. The results show that Chinese university students believe that gender equality is the core of feminism. Compared with female students, male students have a more negative attitude toward extreme feminism and extreme feminists. However, both male and female university students have positive attitudes toward peaceful feminism and feminists. In addition, Chinese university students generally hold the view that men and women are unequal in education, employment, and marriage. Most Chinese university students believe that the trend of feminism in China is on an upward spiral in the future. This study can be innovative to further explore people's perceptions of feminism and related issues in non-Western countries.


The kinetics of oxidation of L-asparagine (Asn) by hexacyanoferrate(III) (HCF) has been investigated in alkaline medium in the absence and presence of silver(I) catalyst at a constant ionic strength of 0.5 mol dm−3 and at 20°C. The progress of both uncatalyzed and silver(I)-catalyzed oxidations was followed spectrophotometrically. Both reactions showed a first order dependence with respect to [HCF], whereas the orders with respect to [Asn] and [OH−] were less than unity. The catalyzed reaction exhibited a first order dependence in [AgI]. Increasing both ionic strength and dielectric constant of the reaction medium increased the rate of uncatalyzed reaction and did not affect significantly the rate of catalyzed reaction. Addition of the reaction product, HCF(II) to the reaction mixture had no affect on the rate. Appropriate reaction mechanisms for both uncatalyzed and catalyzed oxidations explaining all of the observed kinetic results has been proposed. The catalyzed reaction has been shown to proceed via formation of a silver(I)-asparagine intermediate complex, which reacted with the oxidant by an inner-sphere mechanism leading to decomposition of the complex in the rate-determining step to yield the final oxidation products which were identified as α-formyl acetamide, ammonia, and carbon dioxide. The rate law expressions associated with the reaction mechanisms were derived.


This paper reviews the literature on Bartlett and Bartlett-type corrections. It focuses on the corrections to the likelihood ratio, score and Wald test statistics. Three different Bartlett-type corrections which are equivalent to order n-1, n being the sample size, are compared through simulation. One of the forms displayed superior behavior both in terms of size and power. We also use Monte Carlo simulation to examine the effect of independent variables and the impact of the number of nuisance parameters on the finite-sample behavior of some asymptotic econometric criteria in regression models.


After the Second World War,great changes have taken place in the contingent of working class and workers 'movement.The number of industrial workers and union members has gone down,but there has been a large increase in service workers.The number of white-collar workers represents an ever larger proportion of the total personnel,and the immigrated workers have become the important component part of working class.Moreover,more and more women workers have acted the backbone roles.It is clear that the traditional function and work style have been facing a new challenge.To strengthen the function of trade union in the new historical conditions,British trade union organizations are taking effective steps to reform themselves.


The invention provides a space pipe frame type groove type solar thermal power generation heat collector element support. The space pipe frame type groove type solar thermal power generation heat collector element support comprises a space pipe frame, a rotating shaft assembly, a bearing assembly and a support leg component; the space pipe frame is used for bearing all loads produced by a groove type mirror of a heat collector; the rotating shaft assembly is used for supporting the space pipe frame; the bearing assembly is used for achieving supporting and rotating of the rotating shaft assembly; and the support leg component supports the space pipe frame through the rotating shaft assembly and the bearing assembly. Due to the design of a space pipe frame type, manufacturing cost is reduced; the optimized design enables an extensible distance to reach 160 meters; total sum of heat collector element supports and the number of connecting pipelines and drive mechanisms are reduced, and total cost and thermal loss are reduced; most structuring parts are prefabricated pieces and are produced in a seriation assembly line, production process is simplified, and packing, transporting and field assembly and installation and the like are conveniently achieved; service life can reach 20 to 30 years; and little deformation appears.


Having a model for predicting motion related activities of humans have tremendous applications. Quite often a simple smartphone is enough for monitoring the liveliness of a person. This can be achieved by using Activity Recognition (AR). Smartphones are employed in a wider manner and it becomes one amongst the ways to spot the human's environmental changes by using the sensors in smart mobile. A variety of sensors are embedded in a smartphone - for instance gyroscope, accelerometer. The contraption is demonstrated to look at the state of a person. Here, a framework Human Activity Recognition (HAR) collects the raw data from sensors and movements of humans observed using a deep learning approach. Deep learning models are proposed to spot motions of humans with plausible high accuracy by using sensed data. The performance of a framework is analyzed using Convolutional Neural Network. The act of the model is analyzed in terms of exactness and efficiency. The designed activity recognition model is manipulated to detect the activities of elderly humans at home and it can detect the activities of persons in a crowded area when the area is authorized.


geç başlangıçlı dizileme verilerini biyoinformatik araçlarla analiz ederek iki hastalığın patogenezinde olması muhtemel ortak moleküler yolakları, ortak diferansiyel olarak ifade olan genleri aday anah- tar miRNA'ları tespit etmeyi amaçladık. RNA-seq veri setleri NCBI-GEO veri tabanından Investigating the Common Molecular Pathways and Key Biomarkers Associated with Late-Onset Alzheimer's Disease and cellular Analysis ABSTRACT Recent studies suggest a potential link between Alzheimer's disease (AD) and cancer yet lack of evidence exists to understand the shared mechanism underlying both diseases. Accumulating research investigating the association between AD and specific types of cancers such as breast, lung and prostate cancer claim inverse relationship between them however possible molecular relationship between AD and hepato- cellular carcinoma (HCC) has not been well studied. In this study, we reanalyzed RNA-sequencing data sets related to late-onset AD (LOAD) and HCC to identify common differentially expressed genes (DEGs), molecular pathways as well as key miRNA regulators that may involve in the pathogenesis of both diseases. The data sets were retrieved from NCBI-GEO database and analyzed by GREIN web tool. Overlapped DEGs were identified and their functional enrichments were analyzed by NetworkAnalyst. Cytoscape software was used to visualize network and identify hub genes. MicroRNAs targeting the hub genes were also determined by mirDIP database. A total of 33 DEGs were found to be dysregulated in both datasets and five genes ( HLA-A, HLA-C, TRIM31, HLA-DQB2, HLA-DRB1 ) were identified as hub genes that possibly involve in the shared molecular etiology of both diseases. Our analyses revealed that common DEGs are enriched in molecular pathways related immune system and multiple miRNA regulators are likely to coregulate the expressions of shared hub genes. The results emphasize in silico evidence of common molecular background for LOAD and HCC, which can be ultimately utilized for risk as-sessments and drug development approaches for both diseases.


When LPG tanks are exposed to fire, the internal pressure of the tanks will increase quickly and the strength will decline. So, those tanks may cause BLEVE explosion and fire-sphere, threaten people and property safety, and make bad results. Studying the influence of fire on the tanks is very important for preventing and controlling such accidents. The article mainly discusses the mechanics response law of 16MnR steel usually used in LPG storage tanks. The experiment of mechanical properties of 16MnR steel was first conducted under high temperature. It was obtained the law of the mechanics property indexes (including the stress-strain curve, the yield strength, the tensile strength, the elongation and modules of elasticity, etc.) varying with temperature while the temperature is no more than 600℃. Also, the pressure response law of the tanks exposed to fire was studied. Using the testing data, the fail pressure of the tanks was analyzed to predict the tank detonation time. The testing results show the strength and elongation of 16 MnR steel decrease obviously under high temperature. The strength and elongation at 600℃ is only 20%~30% of that at the normal temperature. The tank wall temperature increases rapidly when the tank is exposed to fire. The highest temperature can reach to 600~700℃. The explosion pressure at this case is only 25% of that at the normal temperature, but the internal pressure of the tank at this case will up to twice and more of the normal pressure. The tank will explode in about 10 minutes.


Buying sex in Northern Ireland was made illegal this week as the Assembly passed an Act to protect human dignity. On Monday 1 June, The Human Trafficking and Exploitation Act came into effect, with an atmosphere of excitement and celebration in an event at Stormont on Monday morning to mark the new law.


Abstract The interaction between starting jets and a steady cross-flow with a zero-pressure-gradient, turbulent boundary layer is studied experimentally. A device typically used in flow control applications is employed as jets of compressed air are injected into the cross-flow through a rectangular high-aspect-ratio outlet. Investigating different velocity ratios between starting jets and cross-flow within the interval $r=u_{jet}/U_\infty =2.4, \ldots ,11$, we identify two regimes of different flow structure appearance, transferring the classification map applicable to parallel circular starting jets in cross-flow established by Sau & Mahesh (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 604, 2008, pp. 389–409). At $r<4$, the vorticity associated with the upstream part of the starting jet is cancelled by the cross-flow boundary layer. Hairpin vortices are observed. At $r>4$, the starting jets penetrate through the boundary layer, and vortex rings are generated. They are asymmetric in shape as the windward vortex ring core is thinner due to the interaction with the cross-flow. As the limiting case of zero cross-flow ($r\rightarrow \infty$) is approached, the asymmetry decreases and the formation time corresponding to maximum vortex ring circulation converges to the characteristic value of $t^*\approx 12$ recently determined for this type of non-parallel planar starting jets when emitted into quiescent surroundings (Steinfurth & Weiss, J. Fluid Mech., vol. 903, 2020, A16). The findings presented in the current article can promote the sophisticated selection of actuation parameters in active mixing and separation control.


Verbal interaction involves using words and voice to exchange information between two or more people. In a classroom context, the interaction will result in comprehensible input and feedback from teacher to students and vice versa because both of them will exchange of ideas, thoughts, and feel during teaching and learning process. The study was qualitative that focused on the verbal interaction between male and female teachers and their students in the English classes at SMAN in Solok. The data collection method is video recording. The finding of this article shows that the male and the female teachers spent more time on content cross and the percentage showed that the female teachers ask more questions and criticize students than the male teachers. Meanwhile, the male teachers were more likely to give directions and lecture than the female teachers. Furthermore, there was no significant difference between the male and the female teachers in praising students.


Nearly every economist has at some point in the standard coursework been exposed to a brief explanation that the origin of the word "economy" can be traced back to the Greek word oikonomia (ο' ικονομία), which in turn is composed of two words: oikos, which is usually translated as "household"; and nemein, which is best translated as "management and dispensation." Thus, the cursory story usually goes, the term oikonomia referred to "household management" and while this was in some loose way linked to the idea of budgeting, it has little or no relevance to contemporary economics. This article introduces in more detail what the ancient Greek philosophers meant by "oikonomia." It begins with a short history of the word. It then explores some of the key elements of oikonomia, while offering some comparisons and contrasts with modern economic thought. For example, both Ancient Greek oikonomia and contemporary economics study human behavior as a


This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of using spermatic cord torsion as one of the easy castration techniques in Iraqi local black goat, and compared with double ligation of spermatic cord also to be acquainted if the age of animals has an effect on spermatic cord torsion technique. This present study was done in the animals farm of the college of the veterinary medicine of Al-Qadissiya university, 30 local male black bucks (15 kids of 2.5 3 months) (15 adult bucks of 13 15 months) with body weight (13.4 ± 2.21) and (31.9 ± 3.25) Kg respectively, were supplied for two symmetrical experiments, each one included division the animals randomly to three groups, first group (G1) left as control , Second group (G2) had spermatic cord ligation of both testes and third group (G3) had bilateral spermatic cord torsion and after two months orchiectomy of all testes were done to study the dimensions, the weight, histopathology of the testes and the level of serum testosterone hormone. The results revealed that the castration lead significance (P<0.01) to increase the body weight of both kids and bucks as compared with control, the maximum weight gained was in the bilateral spermatic cord torsion, while in the kids was the ligation group. Weights, lengths and circumferences of the both testes of all animals showed a significant decrease (P<0.01) as compared with control animals. Testosterone hormone analysis revealed a significant decrease (P<0.01) in its level in all castrated groups when compared with control group. Seminal analysis showed a significant decrease (P<0.01) (seminal plasma only) for the volume, concentration, viability, individual and mass motility of the sperms of the all castrated animals as compared with control. The histopathological study of all treated testes corroborated there were a severe degeneration and fibrosis in the testicular tissue as well as in the sertoli and leydig cells and complete suppression of spermatogenesis in all treated groups. The conclusion that spermatic cord torsion caused damage to the testes as ligation did with no effect of age of animals on this technique.


We show that the Fourier transform of very complex spectra gives a sound measurement of long-range statistical properties of levels even in cases of badly resolved, poorly correlated spectra. Examples of nuclear energy levels, highly excited acetylene vibrational levels, and singlet-triplet anticrossing spectra in methylglyoxal are displayed.


Purpose

This paper aims to describe a successful outreach to transfer students through an interactive information literacy game. While the main purpose of the game is to introduce students to research and university library resources, it also allows for an analysis of incoming students' information literacy skills.

Design/methodology/approach

This case study outlines the evolution of the game from a test-like tutorial administered through the Blackboard course management system to an interactive game in two iterations, describing the game in relation to game design and best practices and discussing how the artwork for the game was created. An analysis of data from student answers to the game questions over time shows what librarians have learned about the information literacy skills of incoming transfer students. Finally, student feedback about the game collected through a survey is presented along with ideas for future modifications.

Findings

This paper provides insights into the design and creation process of an interactive information literacy game and a model for how similar games can help librarians assess students' information literacy skills.

Practical implications

Transfer students are hard to reach as a group at many institutions. An interactive game targeted to transfers during the admissions process is a potentially effective way to reach out to them.

Originality/value

This paper brings together two important issues in the library literature: how to reach out to transfer students and educational library games. Librarians involved with these issues will benefit from the paper's insights and practical advice.


Nanoplasmonic biosensing is a field of nanotechnology and plasmonics wherein localized sur-
face plasmon resonance(LSPR) is utilized in order to detect and measure structures at the
nanoscale. This detection is based upon the measurement of the shift of the LSPR peak as
induced by the adsorption of the species studied. A nanoplasmonic sensor,comprised of sil-
ver nanodisks of two different sizes,as proposed and realised by the Langhammer Group at
the department for Chemical Physics at Chalmers University of Technology,was used for the
purpose of biosensing.The novel feature of this dual-size ruler is the determination of spatial
dimension and refractive index of species adsorbed onto it,by virtue of taking the ratio of
the LSPR shifts of the two peaks.Experiments were performed on two different molecular
systems: 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine(POPC) with DNA and spherical
lipid vesicles,and polylysine(PLL) with silica nanoparticles,with the goal being the deter-
mination of the thickness of a thin film composed of these compounds.The experimental
results with respect to thickness determination were not solid,although a key configurational
change of the POPC bilayer was clearly distinguished. This points at the ruler having the
ability and resolution to record structural changes in lipid membranes,which indeed is one
of it's visualized areas of application.In order to provide a solid proof-of-concept,a simpler
molecular system should be studied,e.g. a spherically symmetrical nanoparticle deposited on
top of POPC.


The Diagnostic Teacher Assessment in Mathematics and Science (DTAMS) was developed to measure the content knowledge and pedagogical content knowledge of middle-school teachers. Its reliability and validity were initially established by reviewing national standards for content and use of expert question writing teams and reviewers. DTAMS was administered to approximately 1,600 middle-school mathematics teachers in 17 states. Subsequent analyses using structural equation modeling and item response theory were performed as part of a multistage validation process. This evaluation contributes to the body of work describing the reliability and validity of these assessments. The results of this study confirm trends in middle-school mathematics teacher preparation and certification and help explain middle-school student mathematics achievement levels.


Electrocoagulation(EC) process is an effective method for the removal caramel from wastewater. In this study, the removal of caramel pigment from sauce wastewater has been studied by EC treatment with aluminum electrodes. The effects of electrolysis time and the initial pH of the sauce wastewater on the removal efficiency of caramel pigment have been investigated. The results indicated that the initial pH of sauce wastewater has a significant effect on the removal efficiency. When the initial pH was kept in the range of 4-8, all aluminum cations produced at the anode formed the insoluble coagulants, leading to a more effective treatment. Flocs formed by the EC process were analyzed by FTIR and the results have been explained.


A simple selective high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method has been developed for the determination of glyphosate residues in soil samples based on a pre-column derivatization with 4-chloro-7-nitro-1,2,3-benzoxadiazole (NBD-Cl). Soil samples were extracted by 0.6 mol/L KOH solution, glyphosate was derivatized with NBD-Cl In 0.125 mol/L (pH = 9.0~10.5) sodium tetraborate medium, the reaction was complete after 80 min at 60 °C. A elution consisting of a mixture of 0.02 mol/L Na2HPO4 solution and methanol (70 : 30, V/V) is used to separate the amine derivatives in a C18 column at room temperature and Diode array Detector was applied at 500 nm. The correlation coefficient for the method was 0.999 9 at concentrations ranging from 0.01 to 2.00 mg/L. The limits of quantification was 0.02 mg/kg. The average recoveries of glyphosate spiked at 0.02, 0.1and 10 mg/kg levels in soil samples were between 82% and 93%, and the relative standard deviations (RSD) were 农药学学报 2020, 22 Chinese Journal of Pesticide Science http://www.nyxxb.cn 收稿日期:2020-02-15;录用日期:2020-08-30. 基金项目:国家重点研发计划 (2016YFD0200208-4). 作者简介:吴文静,女,硕士,主要研究方向为农药残留分析,E-mail:email@example.com; 林燕,通信作者 (Author for correspondence),女,副教授,主要研究方向为农药残留分析,E-mail:firstname.lastname@example.com between 2.5% and 3.9%.The method is simple, rapid and suitable for the confirmation and quantification of GLUF in soil.


As their complexity and size grow, digital twin models need help with performance challenges, including sluggish processing and poor transmission efficiency. In order to do this, this research suggests an efficient edge-folding-based approach for mesh models. By adopting the triangular grid area as the weight and boundary restriction and using the quadratic error metric matrix's prediction and correction model to perform quick calculations and optimize the grid model, this approach considers the local peculiarities of the grid model. According to experimental findings, the algorithm can produce more precise simplified models of complicated equipment and significantly raise the quality of simplified digital twin system models. The study findings presented in this work provide detailed guidance for developing and using the digital twin system and aid in resolving issues related to model data transfer and WebGL based visualization performance.


The energy deposited in resist during its exposure by ion beam was simulated for ions from a set of rare gases and for gallium. It was shown that the distribution of energy density can be approximated by the product of two Gaussian functions. One of them describes the lateral distribution of energy, the second the dependence on depth. The widths and centres of these Gaussian functions are determined by the energy length (also mentioned in the literature as "Range" or "mean length of trajectories"), the mass of ions and the average atomic number of resist. The obtained description would make it possible to estimate the size of the resist modified volume for any type of ion with energy of tens keV. So it can be used for a priori estimates of resolution and performance, as well as for the choice of beam energy and ion type based on this. Keywords: lithography, nanostructuring, ion beam, resist, modeling, deposited energy.


AbstractThe effects of temperature and hydrogen charging on the impact loading behaviour of 90Cu–l0Ni (alloy CA 706, hot rolled and annealed) were investigated. Results showed that lower temperatures and hydrogen charging increased the amount of energy absorbed by the test specimens. Lowering the test temperature also increased the peak load sustained by the specimens. These observations are related to temperature and hydrogen effects on the physical properties of the two types of second phase particle which are present in this alloy.MST/686


The manuscript makes use of the available CMIP6 SSP projection simulations to evaluate the impact of changing aerosols on the hydrological cycle over South Asia and East Asia. Despite the lack of clean experiments (non-aerosol differences occur across SSPs), the authors argue that simple and robust patterns appear that fingerprint the role of aerosol uncertainty on changes in precipitation, most notably during the first half of the 21st century. It is often difficult, however, to follow the line of reasoning used in the text of the manuscript when examining the figures presented. I have made a note of several such passages that seem to disagree with what is presented in the figures in the specific comments. There are also several points of discussion in the manuscript relating global scale and regional scale differences, but there is little evaluation presented for which scales are important for which findings. A clearer definition of what constitutes agreement with the hypotheses would make this manuscript much easier to follow. Finally, in addition to discussions about the role of GHGs vs aerosol, there is no mention of land use/land cover change and the impact of its differences between SSPs on rainfall over South Asia or East Asia in this manuscript.


Primary lymphocytic lymphoma of the meninges is a rare lesion. Several cases of lymphoma of spinal meninges have been reported. In 1959, Williams et al 1 described one of 118 lymphoma patients with a primary lymphocytic lymphoma of the spinal epidural space. In 1961, Bucy and Jerva 2 reported eight cases that they believed could be classified as primary lymphoma of the spinal epidural space. Other authors 3-5 have described a number of patients who had similar cases of primary lymphoma confined to the spinal canal. Only one previous reported case of lymphoma of the intracranial meninges could be found. 6 Recently, we have encountered such a lesion arising from the leptomeninges of the brain. We report this case because of its rare occurrence and the apparent favorable prognosis. REPORT OF A CASE A 59-year-old man was admitted to the Good Samaritan Hospital, Cincinnati, on July 30, 1978, with


Heaviside's dolphin, Cephalorhynchus heavisidii, is endemic to coastal waters of the western seaboard of South Africa and Namibia. The inshore habitat of the species places it at risk from commercial fishing operations and has led to concerns that the depletion of regional populations may result in loss of locally adapted genetic variation. To determine the geographic population structure of the Heaviside's dolphin, we obtained control region sequence (HVR1) from 17 specimens collected along the South African west coast and 18 animals taken along the Namibian coast. We identified 17 unique haplotypes within these 35 specimens which were aligned to 18 HVR1 sequences available from 40 specimens deposited in Genbank. A total of 20 maternal haplotypes was detected in the combined sample of 75 animals, of which ten were singletons. Neighbour joining and parsimony methods showed an absence of correspondence between group structure and geographic locality. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) showed that almost all of the genetic variation is attributable to variation within geographic regions. This low level of differentiation between South Africa and Namibia is further underscored by an extremely low φST value suggestive of genetic homogeneity within the species. However, we caution that the failure to detect unambiguous population structure genetically does not necessarily mean that the population should be considered one panmictic unit for management purposes. Our genetic results should not be viewed in isolation but be considered in combination with information from nuclear markers, morphometrics, pollutants and tagging studies.


As a qualitative research methodology, the self-study methodology has recently become widespread and has been accepted as a prestigious research methodology by academia. This methodology helps teachers and teacher candidates explore and analyse their practices. In self-studies, teachers and teacher candidates aim continuous inquiry of their individual practices based on reflection and they determine themselves as research topic. By systematic data collection, the researchers develop a better understanding of their own teaching practices. The purpose of the researchers is also to help readers link the study with their own worlds and picture the context of the study in their minds and in this way take lessons from the lived experiences. Contrary to the benefits it offers, the self-study is not sufficiently known in Turkey. For this reason, firstly the brief history of the self-study is presented and its development as a qualitative methodology is explained in this paper. Then, the characteristics of the self-study are introduced and its distinctive features from the other qualitative methodologies are illustrated. The final part of the paper discusses how self-study can be used in teacher education.


Results of drilling tests conducted by Bureau of Mines at Mount Weather testing adit are given. Tests show that drilling speed is increased by use of smaller gage bits.


Hydroxyapatite-zirconia composite powders were prepared using the hydrothermal-deposition in-situ stepwise reaction method.The XRD and TEM were employed to characterize the phase,morphology and size of the resulting powders.The composite ceramic samples were fabricated via moulding and thermal treatment of the composite powders.The results show that the as-synthesized powders with nanosize are composed of well-crystallized tetragonal phase ZrO2 core clad with hydroxyapatite shells to fabricate the core-shell structure(HA-n-ZrO2).With the increase of HA mass fraction from 0 to 100%,the as-clad HA shells get thicker gradually,but the bending strength and the mean Vickers hardness of the resulting ceramic samples moulded by the composite powders become lower from 183 MPa to 61 MPa and 781.75 MPa to 131.76 MPa,respectively.


Nevin & Grace (N&G) buttress their metaphor with some good props. However, it is still not clear what momentum is analogous to. If momentum is a measure of strength, then the authors should say so and tell us how to calculate it. Furthermore, if "other" behavior can be introduced into the equation (and N&G's foray into the applied world suggests that it can), it is unclear when the masses are accrued and how much is accrued to each behavior.


The article discusses how cross-cultural presentations and lingvo-regional material that serve as commentary on the students' native language and the language of the mediator, the various means of visual and special lingvo-regional texts. Channels of information about the geography and Linguistic correspond to the level of language proficiency of students. Picture clarity is the best means of introducing social information.


This chapter studies the application of competition law to the provision of cloud computing services. Competition law is understood as a set of rules enforced by competition authorities that are intended to protect the process of competition and enhance consumer welfare. These rules may allow intervention in the market when competition is distorted, but also have a primary precautionary purpose which intends to prevent the act or conduct of undertakings from resulting in competition being distorted and ensure healthy competition in the market. Although cloud computing is global, the chapter focuses mainly on developments within the EU, but where relevant, refers to academic commentary relevant to cloud from a US antitrust law perspective. The application of traditional competition law to the provision of cloud computing services has been slow. Competition in markets has often also been facilitated by alternative 'regulatory' mechanisms, some of which may help ensure competition in the provision of cloud computing services. The chapter examines two such mechanisms: public procurement rules and data portability requirements.


On Dec 29, 1919, six months past his 70th birthday, Sir William Osler died; at his death he was unquestionably the most loved and perhaps also one of the most influential physicians in history. A brief biographical essay appears on page 2269. His full biography, written by Harvey Cushing, is highly recommended to every physician, and especially to medical students, to help offset any current lack of instruction in medical humanism. Two years ago, with the permission and encouragement of the editor ofThe Journal, I began to plan a commemoration of the 50th anniversary of Sir William Osler's death. The contributors to this tribute include a distinguished group of former pupils of Osler: Wilder Penfield, Watson Rankin, Emile Holman, Wilburt Davison, J. B. Langstaff, Patrick Mallam, and A. G. Gardner all knew him, and loved him, and treasure their memories of him— memories that they share here with those


Bentonite-water dispersions were used to simulate 10 menu items heat processed to various degrees of doneness in a foodservice infrared conveyorized oven. Bentonite is an absorptive and colloidal clay with several industrial uses, including simulation of heat transfer mechanisms within the canning industry. Ratios of bentonite to water ranging from 60-78.5% were used and several trends were revealed. First, differences in evaporation losses between the menu items and the bentonite models were least when steaks were simulated to a medium stage of doneness (40-41 C). Second, the mean product yields for the bentonite models tended to be greater than for the menu items, largely because drip loss was not stimulated. Third, when energy usage was monitored during heat processing of three kinds of steak menu items and bentonite models, no significant differences in energy usage were revealed between the menu items and the models. A potential use for models of bentonite-water dispersions during energy studies of foodservice heating equipment was identified.


Teaching Risk Management and Safety as a Tool for Supporting Sustainable Development - A Curriculum Development Training of engineers as one of the main factors for implementing sustainability in industry is a key task. Due to this fact, the courses given in Chalmers should be adapted to the goal of sustainability. This could not be gained without integrating of risk assessment, as a tool of loss prevention, into different course curricula. To meet the demands, a course entitled "Risk Management and Safety" is offered two times a year to pre-service teachers that study in Chalmers master and doctoral programmes. This paper is concerned with presenting a method for developing a course curriculum including designing, control and evaluation of the projects as an essential part of the course. Industrial patterns have an important role especially in designing and evaluating the projects. The learning outcomes and the work efficiency are also controlled and evaluated through a questionnaire and personal interviews.


Overconsumption of added sugars is now largely recognized as a major culprit in the global situation of obesity and metabolic disorders. Previous animal studies reported that maple syrup (MS) is less deleterious than refined sugars on glucose metabolism and hepatic health, but the mechanisms remain poorly studied. Beyond its content in sucrose, MS is a natural sweetener containing several bioactive compounds, such as polyphenols and inulin, which are potential gut microbiota modifiers. We aimed to investigate the impact of MS on metabolic health and gut microbiota in male C57Bl/6J mice fed a high-fat high-sucrose (HFHS+S) diet or an isocaloric HFHS diet in which a fraction (10% of the total caloric intake) of the sucrose was substituted by MS (HFHS+MS). Insulin and glucose tolerance tests were performed at 5 and 7 weeks into the diet respectively. Fecal microbiota was analyzed by whole-genome shotgun sequencing. Liver lipids and inflammation were determined, and hepatic gene expression was assessed by transcriptomic analysis. Maple syrup was less deleterious on insulin resistance and decreased liver steatosis compared to mice consuming sucrose. This could be explained by the decreased intestinal a-glucosidase activity, which is involved in carbohydrate digestion and absorption. Metagenomic shotgun sequencing analysis revealed that MS intake increased the abundance of Faecalibaculum rodentium, Romboutsia ilealis, and Lactobacillus johnsonii, which all possess gene clusters involved in carbohydrate metabolism, such as sucrose utilization and butyric acid production. Liver transcriptomic analyses revealed that the Cyp450 epoxygenase pathway was differently modulated between HFHS+S and HFHS+MS mice. These results show that substituting sucrose for MS alleviated dysmetabolism in diet-induced obese mice which were associated with decreased carbohydrate digestion and shifting gut microbiota.


On Norfolk Island, Bigg Fresh is a family-run farming business producing soil-grown vegetables as well as hydroponic lettuce and cucumbers for locals and visitors alike.


Taking a large span semi-floating system cable stayed bridge for example,this paper established the cable force optimization model,using the bending energy minimization optimization method,taking the structure bending strain capacity for objective function to make cable force optimization,gained a better finished dead state.


Reversible logic has emerged as a solution for the limit set by power consumption of devices on reduction of transistor size. This paper aims at introducing reversible logic based implementation for image processing units. A image denoising module is implemented using reversible logic gates. Gray equivalent of an RGB input is processed using a mean filter to remove the noise present in the images. Mean filter with spatial window size of 2×2 and 4×4 is implemented. The verification of functionality is carried out on Kintex 7 using Verilog. The architectures are analysed in terms of power consumption and hardware utilised. The reversible logic implementation is done and the efficacy is measured in scales of gate count(GC), ancilla inputs(AI), quantum cost(QC) and garbage output(GO). The proposed work can act as the initial blocks in image compression algorithm implementations in reversible logic.


The advantages and disadvantages of global marketing standardization are well documented. Managers, however, often view the standardization versus adaptation debate as a black and white issue. Yet there is an important middle ground which, for example, includes the use of standardized international branding together with the adaptation of product specifications to national preferences. Such fine‐tuning can lead to substantial competitive advantages for internationally active companies. Suggests a methodology that can be employed for assessing the scope for product standardization. Using the newly created European Union as an empirical backdrop, focuses on product attribute preferences of British and German consumers with regard to automobile purchases. The application of a partially‐individualized conjoint analysis enables the quantification of the expressed preferences in each country and provides managerially relevant information on the product attributes that should or should not be standardized.


The present investigation focused to introgress semi-dwarfism (sd1 locus) from TKM 9 (drought susceptible, donor parent for semi-dwarfism) to Norungan (drought resistant, recurrent) background to develop drought resistant genotypes with improved yield under water limited situations. Stability analysis for grain yield of selected BILs performed under three different moisture regimes were analyzed through Eberhart and Russell (1966) model, revealed that both linear and non-linear components was significantly contributed to grain yield. Six backcross inbred lines recorded higher mean yield than the population mean, regression coefficient (b) around unity and deviation from regression (S 2 d) nearer to zero, which was non-significant. All the BILs were also genotyped for 167 microsatellite (SSR) markers including gene specific markers of sd1 locus to confirm the introgression to drought resistant background of Norungan and the marker data was used to establish Graphical GenoTypes for each stable individuals using GGT ver.2.0. The result indicated that the stable genotypes of BILs recovered most of the genome (above 90 %) from the recurrent parent Norungan which exhibits high adaptability across environments and had useful introgression for sd1 locus which harness semi-dwarfism from the donor parent TKM 9 on chromosome 1 in all identified genotypes responsible for stable and improved grain yield across varied water regimes.


Seed latex with narrow particle size distribution was first prepared by emulsion polymerization with styrene and butyl acrylate as monomers and varying amounts of emulsifiers and initiators,which was then used to achieve stable core/shell latex with second stage monomers consisting of methyl methacrylate,ethyl acrylate and methacrylic acid(MAA),by batch and semi-continuous emulsion polymerization.Particles size and morphology of the latexes prepared by the two processes were compared.The effects of methacrylic acid amount on latex properties were studied.Experiment results show that monodisperse core-shell latex particles is obtained when the mass ratio of core/shell is kept at 5 ∶2 with MAA mass content between 3% and 5% in the shell formation monomers.And the particle size distribution of the latexes prepared by semi-continuous technique is narrower than those prepared by batch process.With increasing the amount of MAA in polymerization,the stability of latex deteriorates,and particle size and size distribution increase with more strawberry latex particles.


BACKGROUND
 The public health crisis, due to the new Coronavirus found in December 2019, has received unprecedented attention from the public and the media. The infodemiological analysis of queries from search engines to assess the status of search interests and the actual burden of the new virus could be an informative approach.

 OBJECTIVE
 The aim of the study was to assess search query data from Google Trends, to visualize the interest in search over time for the new "Coronavirus" in Google, across four English-speaking countries, namely, Australia, Canada, the UK, and the USA, and compare the search interest with the actual burden of Coronavirus in the corresponding countries.

 METHODS
 We used Google Trends service to assess people's interest in searching about "Coronavirus" classified as "Virus," from January 1, 2020 to March 13, 2020 in Australia, Canada, the UK, and the USA. Then, we evaluated top regions and their relative search volumes (SVs) and country-specific "Top" and "Rising" searches. We also evaluated the trends in the incidence of detected Coronavirus infections to find possible differences between the actual burden of the disease and search patterns by the public.

 RESULTS
 From January 1, 2020 to March 13, 2020, Australia was the top country searching for Coronavirus in Google, followed by Canada, the UK, and the USA. There was a noticeable bimodal pattern in searching for Coronavirus, mostly in late January 2020, and then from early March 2020. Search interest in all four countries declined in the month of February 2020. Top regions in each of the four countries with the highest search interest where the ones which reported either a confirmed case of Coronavirus infection or a death due to it. None of the declarations by the World Health Organization of the nature of this pandemic appeared to have caused major changes in the search patterns in Google.

 CONCLUSIONS
 Search for 'Coronavirus' increased exponentially, in all four countries, mostly in Australia. The month of February 2020 could be considered a 'lost opportunity' in terms of acting on the momentum of searching by people on Google about the Coronavirus. The increased interest in searching for keywords related to Coronavirus and its symptoms shows the possible focus areas of awareness campaigns in increasing societal demand for health information on the Web, to be met in community-wide communication or awareness interventions, should another pandemic occur in the future.


ON MY OFFICE wall I have a Japanese Sumo Wrestling Calendar, a gift from a kind student. The name of the calendar is in kanji followed by the word CALENDAR in gold capitals and the year in numerals, 2003, in red. The numbers of the months are also in red and the same size. The names of the months are in English in a smaller font, January, February, … The names of the days of the week are in kanji. The character for Sunday and the date numbers of Sundays and holidays are in red, the other days and dates in black numerals. Of course, careful design has gone into the calendar, but one is struck by the plethora of visual communication systems involved.


Neutral C∧C* cyclometalated PtII NHC complexes have recently emerged as a new class of phosphorescent emitters with high quantum efficiencies, short decay lifetimes and high thermal stability, which makes them promising candidates for OLED applications. Herein, we report investigations on the photophysical properties of seven new PtII complexes containing a chelating NHC dibenzofuranyl ligand (3-methyl-1-dibenzo[b,d]furan-4-ylimidazole) and a bidentate monoanionic auxiliary ligand. All complexes have been fully characterized including extensive NMR studies (COSY, HSQC, HMBC, NOESY, 195Pt NMR), three of them also by solid-state structures. The extraordinary influence of the auxiliary ligands on the photoluminescence properties is demonstrated by quantum yields ranging from 0 % to 91 % in amorphous PMMA films at room temperature. DFT calculations were performed in order to investigate the nature of the emissive states in more detail.


The focus of Fichtes philosophy is to answer an essential philosophic question:whats the human?He holds a very optimistic belief to the humans benevolence.He thinks that human holds limitless perfection.


This study,based on theliteratures related to Social Media from ISI Web of Science,sorts out andcounts the kwyword of these literatures,anduses visualizationtools,to create the distribution map of the foreign research topics of SocialMedia,and visually demonstrates these research topics of Social Media andtheir changes with year.Moreover,this study analyses the trends of researchtopics either.The results indicate that,currently,the main foreign researchtopics of Social Media includes user research,basic technology research,application research,privacy,trust and risk research.And these researchtopics have trends of more detailed,more closely with field application,morediverse perspectives and more focusing on user personalization.


This paper conceptualize a donation-oriented marketing mix (4Cs) a borrowed concept from commercial marketing mix (4Ps) and provides a conceptual framework to formulate an effective marketing campaign by Nonfor-Profit Organizations (NPOs) of fundraising for sustainable community development. The study mainly focuses on its research questions of "How do NPOs can best use social media as a tool to attract international donors and build relationships with, to produce best fundraising for a sustainable community development?" And "do NPOs from developing countries like Pakistan use social media the same as NPOs from developed countries do?" The results of conceptual study suggests that if a well-defined and managed strategic plan of usage of social media is adopted, Pakistani voluntary industry can attract international organizations, agencies and individuals in order to raise awareness and enough funds for a sustainable community development. In this way these voluntary organizations will efficiently work against poverty and terrorism that will result in not only peaceful but sustained and prosperous community in Pakistan.


Stellar-population analyses of today's galaxies show 'downsizing', where the stars in more massive galaxies tend to have formed earlier and over a shorter time-span. We show that this phenomenon is not necessarily 'antihierarchical' but rather has its natural roots in the bottom-up clustering process of dark-matter haloes. While the main progenitor does indeed show an opposite effect, the integrated mass in all the progenitors down to a given minimum mass shows a robust downsizing that is qualitatively similar to what has been observed. These results are derived analytically from the standard extended Press-Schechter (EPS) theory, and are confirmed by merger trees based on EPS or drawn from N-body simulations. The downsizing is valid for any minimum mass, as long as it is the same for all haloes at any given time, but the effect is weaker for smaller minimum mass. If efficient star formation is triggered by atomic cooling, then a minimum halo mass arises naturally from the minimum virial temperature for cooling, T ≃ 10 4 K, though for such a small minimum mass the effect is weaker than observed. Baryonic feedback effects, which are expected to stretch the duration of star formation in small galaxies and shut it down in massive haloes at late epochs, are likely to play a subsequent role in shaping up the final downsizing behaviour. Other appearances of downsizing, such as the decline with time of the typical mass of star-forming galaxies, may not be attributed to the gravitational clustering process but rather arise from the gas processes.


This paper extends the theory of graphs associated with real rectangular matrices to include information about the signs of the elements. We show when signed row and column graphs can be defined for the matrix A. We also deduce conditions under which these graphs are balanced. This leads to a definition of the class of quasi-Morishima rectangular matrices A. It is shown that the Perron–Frobenius theorem applies to the matrices $AA^T $ and $A^T A$ when A is a quasi-Morishima matrix. Finally we examine the applications of our results to several classes of matrices occurring in energy economic models. All results in this paper are purely qualitative in character.


The swelling curves of different grain diameter of Potassium-acrylate/polyacrylamide SAP in deionized water、different types of solutions and different concentrations were studied in the paper.Model of Fickian and Scott'second-order swelling kinetic were used to simulate the swelling process of SAP.Maximum of theoretical water-absorbing of different grain diameter SAP was also studied.The results show that the pervasion of water into the SAP is non-Fickian diffusion.Scott'second-order swelling kinetics can simulate the process of swelling.Maximum of theoretical water-absorbing of different grain diameter SAP in deionized water are almost the same,as well as in ionic solutions.The reason that the simulated value is greater than experimental value is the dissolution of SAP.


Mucinous cystadenoma is a rare tumour of the appendix and is associated with mucocele formation as well as an increased risk of adenocarcinoma of the colon and ovaries. Preoperative imaging is important for diagnosing mucocele formation, associated complications, and malignancies. A rare case of mucinous cystadenoma and a review of the clinical and radiological features of mucinous cystadenoma are presented.


Introduction: The Moon no longer possesses a global magnetic field [1,2], but early in its history it had a dynamo that magnetized portions of the Moon's crust. We are able to measure the fields of these magnetic anomalies from orbit in the present day. There is no consensus on a formation mechanism for these magnetic anomalies, but investigating these them will allow us to place age and magnitude constraints on the Moon's thermal history [3,4] and perhaps on unusual dynamo generation mechanisms [5,6]. This work is an extension of previously presented work on Reiner Gamma, one of the Moon's strongest magnetic anomalies [7]. We extend the previous work with additional, more detailed modeling, that also suggests that portions of Reiner Gamma's morphology are due to thermal demagnetization from volcanic dome emplacement.


During the microcellular foaming extrusion process, the cell density in the foam could be increased by shear effects due to improved shear energy, which contributes to the free energy for bubble nucleation. However, the cells might also be deformed when the shear stress is high. In order to increase the cell density without destroying the cell structure, mechanical vibration induced by electromagnetic field is introduced into the foaming process. A novel electromagnetic dynamic foaming simulator has been designed to investigate the effects of vibration amplitude and frequency on cell density and cell morphology of foam samples during the dynamic foaming process for polystyrene (PS) microcellular plastics when using supercritical carbon dioxide (ScCO2)as a blowing agent. Optimal foaming temperature, gas mixing time, and appropriate shear rate are also investigated when using the dynamic foaming simulator. It was found that excessive shear effects in the stable foaming process will stretch the cells in the direction of shear stress and decrease the cell density. However, when the vibration is introduced into the foaming process at optimal foaming temperature and appropriate gas mixing time, the cell diameter can be decreased and cell density can be increased at a lower shear rate, while the cells can maintain the spherical shape, since the total shear energy is increased, but the shear stress in the direction of the melt flow is not sharply increased.


The purpose of this research is to find out the role of the leader in the era of digital technology at the Sudamala Resort Komodo hotel, Labuan Bajo and how the impact of the role of the leader has on improving organizational performance. This research uses a qualitative research design by conducting interviews with the General Manager at the Sudamala Resort Hotel and the Human Resources Manager, also collecting data with documents owned by the company. The results of this research are that the role of the leader greatly impacts on improving the performance of organizational members. Especially in the era of digital technology like today, the role of a leader is very important. Leaders with strong character, with the ability to lead by example, provide positive energy through a motivating presence, and become partners for team members, have a positive impact on the organization. The team members become more with integrity and responsibility. This atmosphere makes an organization in any situation, including in the development of digital technology, all members of the organization have resilience, are always innovative and creative, also work together to advance the organization.


A contemporary poem written in response to Bob Holman's poem "What You Can't Understand Is Poetry Is Connected to the Body Again."


A laser crystallization system and a crystallization energy control method therefor. The laser crystallization system comprises: a Mura monitoring device (10), used for monitoring the real-time Mura condition in the crystallization process; a host set (11), connected to the Mura monitoring device and used for determining the real-time level of the real-time Mura condition obtained through monitoring of the Mura monitoring device and generating a crystallization energy control instruction according to the real-time level; and a crystallization device (12), connected to the host set and used for executing the crystallization energy control instruction generated by the host set to control output crystallization energy. On-line monitoring is performed on the Mura condition by the Mura monitoring device in real time, and the crystallization energy output by the crystallization device is controlled according to the real-time Mura condition, so that the Mura condition of products can be effectively monitored, and the corresponding crystallization energy is further controlled. Compared with the manual mode, the working efficiency is greatly improved, the accuracy and on-line control can be ensured, and the yield rate of the products is ensured.


From the Publisher:
Are you new to computers? Does new technology make you nervous? Relax! You're holding in your hands the easiest guide ever to FrontPage 2002 — a book that skips the long-winded explanations and shows you how things work. All you have to do is open the book, follow the friendly disk character — and discover just how easy it is to get up to speed.
A friendly disk character introduces each taskSelf-contained, two-page lessons make learning a snapFull-color screen shots walk you through step by step"Simplify It" sidebars offer real-world advice
Simplified® "It's challenging to take a complex subject and express it simply, concisely, and comprehensively. This book meets the challenge." —John Kelly (Anchorage, AK) "Your series is the most precise, visually appealing, and compelling to peruse. Kudos!" — Margaret Rose Chmilar (Edmonton, Alberta, Canada)
Author Biography: Ruth Maran is the Author and Architect of maranGraphics books. She creates the words and structure that are the basis for the books.


Objective To discuss the relative factors and ventilation curative effect.Methods The clinical materials of 52 cases of such patient were analyzed retropsectively for AECOPD combined with RF in history(times),vital signs(T,R,P,BP),lab data(pH,PaCO2,WBC),clinical manifestation,complication(HF,Upper digestive bleeding,liver and kidney injury,pulmonary cephalopathy and disturbance of acid-base balance) and ventilation therapy effects within 1 year.They were divided into 2 groups in improved group(27 cases) and death group(25 cases).The data was stastically analyzed.Results The ratio of over 3 times RF in death group was higher than that in improved group.There were significant difference in two groups in vital signs as well as pH and WBC but not in PaO2.The incidence of HF,UDB,liver and kidney injury,PC in death group were mcuh higher than those in improved group.The improved rate of non-invasive ventilation was 83.33% and of invasive ventilation was 60.00% that was relative pneumonia in 83.33%.Conclusion The death rate in patient who had over 3 times RF was higher.The abnormal of T、R、P、BP、SaO2(%)、pH、WBC、PaCO2 might had bad prognosis.The progression might cause MOF.The early non-invasive ventilation might be important method for AECOPD combined with RF.The mortality of invasive ventilation might be related with the relative pneumonia.


From the perspective of environmental safety and human health, it is crucial to develop high-performance sensitive materials that can effectively monitor ammonia (NH3) and phosphine (PH3) toxic gases. In this...


The study used questionnaire to investigate sport-lottery consumers in ten provinces( cities) in China, discussing the relationship between sport-lottery consumers' purchase intentions and amounts as well as its satisfaction. The results find that there is a significantly positive correlation between the purchase intentions and amounts of purchase,whereas purchase satisfaction plays the role of regulatory effect. That is to say,the higher purchase satisfactions are, the weaker purchase effects on the amounts. The satisfactions of sport-lottery purchase include the satisfaction of lottery design,of lottery sales environment and lottery management. The first two satisfactions have regulatory effects on the relationships between lottery purchase intention and amounts,though no effect has been found in lottery management department. The study hence puts forward some countermeasures on the management of sports lottery in China.


Hexavalent chromium is a heavy metal useful in electroplating method carried out in stainless steel industries. Cr (VI) is toxic, non-degradable and easily bio-accumulated in food chains in water bodies by discharging of effluent of electroplating steel industries due to which environment gets seriously affected. In present study, nineteen chromium resistant bacteria were isolated from effluent samples of electroplating steel industries. All isolates were studied for their MIC of Cr (VI). Four isolates having MIC of 1300μg/ml were selected for further studies. Chromium reduction efficiency of all four isolates was studied. Effect of different parameters like incubation period, inoculum size, concentration of Cr (VI), pH, temperature and agitation on efficiency of Cr (VI) reduction were determined. 1, 5-Diphenyl Carbazide (DPC) method was used to estimate reduction of Cr(VI). Result showed that Chryseomicrobium amylolyticum JC16 could reduce 100% toxic Cr (VI) to non toxic Cr (III) form within 48 hrs at pH-7 and at 30C. Bacillus cereus ATCC 14579 and Cellulosimicrobium funkei W6122 showed maximum reduction of Cr(VI) up to 98% and 84% respectively at pH-7and at 40C. Staphylococcus arlettae ATCC 43957 showed 71% reduction at pH-8 and at 30C. All these four isolates showed co tolerance and multi heavy metal tolerance to copper and nickel. Author Info Sakale S.S.* and Chitanand M.P. Department of Microbiology, N.S.B. College, Nanded-431601, Maharashtra, India *Corresponding author e-mail: email@example.com


Demonstrated in this paper are advantages of two-gun design, on the basis of three types of power broadband low-voltage pulse amplifying klystrons for 5-10 GHz. Two-gun design provides considerable power growth without increasing of supply voltage, thus saving the basic output characteristics, which are typical for initial design. Presented here is our experience in design of such devices.


Abstract High-purity zone refined specimens of cadmium were irradiated at liquid helium temperature with electrons in the energy range 0.5–1.7 MeV. From the measurements of the electrical resistivity change rate per incident electron and from an analysis of the recovery spectra up to ∼ 200 °K we deduce that two simultaneous processes are acting under electron bombardment. The first—a subthreshold process—is of a complicated nature and thought to be due to the interaction of the bombarding electrons with very small amounts (∼ 10−7 per atom) of hydrogen atoms loosely bound to traps, their binding energy being of the order Ts ∼ 10−1 eV. The second is the cadmium atom displacement proper, with an energy threshold of Td = 19±2 eV.


Practical knowledge means the visualization of the knowledge, which we read in our books. For this, we perform experiments and get observations. Practical knowledge is very important in every field. One must be familiar with the problems related to that field so that he may solve them and become a successful person. After achieving the proper goal in life, an engineer has to enter in professional life. According to this life, he has to serve industry, may be public or private sector or self-own. For the efficient work in the field, he must be well aware of the practical knowledge as well as theoretical knowledge. To be a good engineer, one must be aware of the industrial environment and must know about management, working in the industry, labor problems etc. So he can tackle them successfully. Due to all the above reasons and to bridge the gap between theory and practical, our engineering curriculum provides a practical training. During this period, a student works in the industry and gets all types of experience and knowledge about the working and maintenance of various types of machinery and construction. The present study is based on the training under gone at filed about creation and execution of foundation and column of under pass crossing at phase-I Jaipur.


A case of Bowen carcinoma on the vulva was described. The patient was 39 years old female and had a history of cervical carcinoma at the age of 35. She noticed a cutaneous lesion on her vulva about one year ago. It was growing slowly and became hemorrhagic. On examination, a 45×40mm sized erythematous lesion with greish white margin was found on the left side of her vulva. There were two granulomatous nodules, sized 13mm in diameter and bright red in color, in the lesion. Some blackish pigmented spots were distributed on the margin. A biopsy specimen was histolpgically diagnosed as a Bowen disease showing anaplastic epidermal cells containing multinucleated cells and dyskeratotic cells. Intradermal invasion of the same tumor cells was observed at the site of the nodules. Then the lesion was diagnosed as a Bowen carcinoma (squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), grade III, T3N0M0) . The tumor was removed with 10mm excision distance.Immunohistochemical stain using anti human papilloma virus (HPV) antibody was negative in the tumor cells of the Bowen carcinoma. Further, in situ hybridization using HPV type 6/11 and type 16 DNA probes was negative in both the Bowen carcinoma and the cervical carcinoma.There were 4 Bowen carcinomas and 13 Bowen diseases at our division in the years of 1983-1992. Therefore, 24% (4/17) of Bowen diseases became invasive Bowen carcinomas. On the other hand, out of 29 SCCs operated at our division for these 10 years, 5 SCCs deveroped on scar lesions, 4 developed on Bowen diseases and 3 deveroped in a patient with xeroderma pigmentosum variant.


The dynamic and changing nature of the modern marketplace requires product development engineers to quickly perceive and understand the developed product, including its geometric features and physical characteristics. Virtual reality (VR) technology is capable of constructing a user-centered, three-dimensional environment in which abstract and complex information is visualized in an intuitive and realistic manner, hence becoming an efficacious tool for product realization. However, in most current applications, VR is only used as a visualization tool for showing geometry shapes and engineering analysis results. In this paper, we discuss virtual engineering, which expands the application scope of VR to the integration of virtual product model with analysis, simulation, decision making and other engineering tools into a virtual product realization environment that facilitates multidisciplinary and collaborative product realization among distributed engineers. In this paper, we present the implementation framework of a virtual engineering system and introduce our current work at developing this system. That is, we introduce VE-Suite, an extensible, cross-platform, open source library of tools that enable product realization in a virtual environment. Its functions and capabilities are demonstrated using a virtual fermentation tank used in biotechnology industry. Finally we raise a set of key research questions as a guideline for the further research and realization of virtual engineering.Copyright © 2004 by ASME


Starting from the workflow, this paper introduces map publishing digital workflow, analyses the present status of map publishing, points out the existing problems of map publishing, and eventually advances digital workflow integrating method for map publishing. Realizing methods for each workflow are explained and emphasized. It has academic significance and application value for map publishing.


Der Gang der Kultur uber die Erde. By A. HETTNER. Leipzig: Teubner, 1931. Rm. 6. Eine Geschichte der Juden. By JOSEF KASTEIN. Berlin: Rowohlt, 1931. Pp. 633. Rm. 9. International relations. By R. B. MOWAT. London: Rivingtons, 1931. Pp. vii+180. 3s. 6d. A useful little survey of the problem of removing the causes of war through international conferences. T. W. R. Minute biogra phies . By SAMUEL NISSENSON and ALFRED PAREER . New York: Grosset & Dunlap, 1931. Sketches and pencil portraits of one hundred and fifty outstanding men and women. History of the Christian people. By HENRY K. ROWE. New York: Macmillan, 1931. Pp. 534. $4.00. The legacy of Islam. Edited by THOMA'S ARNOLD and ALFRED GUILLAUME. New York: Oxford University Press, 1931. $3.50. A history of the popes. By FERNAND HAYWARD. New York: Dutton, 1931. $5.00. Wolves of the Channel. By W. BRANCH JOHNSON. London: Wishart, 1931. 15s. A study of the privateer system from the end of the seventeenth century.


By analyzing the definition and methods of urban design, this paper points out that many ur- ban design activities in cities are actually misunderstood. It presents that urban design, as a scientific work, should not be regarded as excuse of vanity projects. And urban design should improve the quality of city space and to create an enjoyable natural and built environment for people living in it.