This paper argues in favour of using a utopian method of thinking about the future, rather than simply extrapolating from present conditions. This opens up the possibility of thinking in terms of the kind of society we want to achieve, rather than what seems immediately probable. It criticises the Blair Government's focus on the economic and moral centrality of paid work, and argues, following Gorz, that the link between 'work' and income needs to be broken to ensure an adequate livelihood for all. This will entail a re-valuing of forms of human activity, as argued by Herbert Marcuse, and more recently by Fiona Williams. This ultimately calls in question the structures of capitalism itself, since what is entailed is, at the very least, a step change downwards in the proportion of the social product accruing to capital. The paper concludes by contending that any genuinely critical social policy must have this utopian dimension.


The invention discloses a method for dividing social network groups, which runs in a social network system which is formed by successively connecting a social network service end, a location service interface of a mobile operator, a base station and a mobile terminal by the following stages: the ID of the social network user is bound with the mobile phone number of the mobile terminal, a group is established, users are recommended to join in the group and the self-adaption of the density of group users is adjusted. The social network service end is any social network that can provide a group function. The location service interface of a mobile operator is a location service interface opened to a cooperation partner of a third party by the mobile operator. The base station is a wireless station which can establish a GSM/GPRS/CDMA wireless communication network. The mobile terminal is a piece of wireless equipment which can send wireless signals to and receive wireless signals from the base station, and comprises honeycomb-type telephones and personal digital assistant. The method for dividing social network groups of the invention can effectively distinguish the authenticity of the geography locations of users, is a flexible grouping method, and can automatically adjust the density of users in a group so as to find an optimal grouping standard.


The German experimental satellite mission BIRD (Bi-spectral InfraRed Detection, 2001 – 2004) demonstrated the capabilities of spaceborne high resolution remote sensing for fire detection and characterization. BIRD was able to detect and characterize small fires that were missed by other sensors such as MODIS or Meteosat SEVIRI and could characterize large fires without suffering from saturation problems such as the Envisat AATSR instrument. The upcoming German FireBIRD mission consists of two satellites named TET-1 and BIROS which will be launched in 2011 and 2013, respectively. Both satellites will carry fire-adapted infrared (IR) sensors similar to the BIRD sensors. Based on the BIRD-experience, the two new satellite IR sensor systems feature innovative concepts such as near real time on-board processing of fire data. The present paper highlights potential applications of FireBIRD data for monitoring gas and particulate matter emissions from wildland fires. Based on a current literature and a comparison of historical BIRD data with near-coincident MODIS fire detections, we show that improved small and cool fire detection could potentially be used to correct and validate results from coarser resolution sensors and thus advance global and regional biomass burning emission estimates. Our analysis of a limited dataset of 19 BIRD images shows that the order of magnitude of missed fires in terms of fire radiative power (FRP) emitted could amount to about 20 % of total FRP emitted with about half of it coming from fire clusters that are near or below the approximate detection limit of MODIS at a fire radiative power of 10 MW. These small and/or smouldering fires are often characterizing peatland and tropical small scale agriculture fires and may contribute significantly to global emissions of several trace gases and aerosols.


Alkyl ether fragmentations of radical anions of several phenyl and nitrophenyl methyl ethers have been theoretically studied by means of the AM1 semiempirical method. The cleavage occurs through a π*–σ* intramolecular electron transfer process, that is made possible by the lengthening of the C–O alkyl ether bond. The C–O scission is slowed down by the introduction of substituents that increase the σ*–π* energy gap.


Leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), a member of the IL-6 cytokine family, is highly expressed throughout the body in multiple tissues and cell types. LIF is primarily known to induce the differentiation of myeloid leukemia cells, but recent studies show that LIF has many other functions, including playing multiple roles in cancer and normal physiology. LIF expression is linked to cellular proliferation, metastasis, inflammation, and chemoresistance. LIF expression and secretion are triggered by many means and its downstream signaling can vary based on tissue types. Recent publications suggest that LIF may play a role in pulmonary diseases and its regulation is altered through external factors, such as cigarette smoke, inflammation stimuli, or infections. This review outlines the current knowledge of the function of LIF protein, mediators of LIF expression, receptors it interacts with, downstream LIF signaling, and possible pulmonary outcomes mediated by LIF.


Disclosed is a modular data center and a control method thereof, to increase the cooling efficiency of the data center. A first intake port 21a, second intake port 21b, and a housing 21 having an exhaust port 21c, is provided in the housing 21, with taking the outside air A from the first inlet port 21a , the air conditioner 31 to the external air a to generate a first air flow B1 directly against the refrigerant W, provided in the housing 21, the second second air intake outside air a from the air inlet 21b a fan unit 38 for generating a flow B2, provided in the housing 21, exposed to the mixture flow C of the first of the air flow B1 second airflow B1, and, exhaust gas containing the mixture flow C and an electronic device 44 to release the flow E to the exhaust port 21c, modular, each of the first intake port 21a and the second intake port 21b, characterized in that provided on the same surface 21y of the housing 21 by the data center. .FIELD 5


This paper presents eight fundamental criteria which provide a set of goals for 'good' ergonomic software interface design. They have been developed within the context of human computer interaction in computer–integrated manufacturing (CIM) systems, as part of ESPRIT CIM Project 534: 'The development of an automated flexible assembly cell and associated human factors study'. The overall aim has been to develop a set of state–of–the–art enabling technologies for use in a flexible automated assembly system, whilst ensuring optimisation of the human and organisational, as well as the technical, aspects of the system.


Pesantren and Baitul Māl Wa Tamwīl (BMT) are not seemingly equal things to compare. The first focuses on spiritual and religious education, while the latter concentrates on the economic and financial activities. Nevertheless, Pesantrens have been considering the significance of economic development and empowerment, through a micro-finance institution. Hence, the analysis of its performance, in particular, the efficiency level is inevitable. This paper attempts to analyze the technical efficiency (including pure technical and scale efficiencies) of some Pesantren BMTs by using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). Additionally, this article also analyses the role of Pesantren BMTs for developing Micro-Entreprises (MEs), as well as toanalyse the roles of Pesantren BMT in ME's wealth management. The results show that: first, generally, the efficiency of Pesantren BMTs is relatively low. Scale efficiency also indicates that operating of BMTs are still far from the optimal scale. Moreover, the average technical efficiencies (TE), scale efficiency (SE), and pure technical efficiency (PTE) of Pesantren BMTs in terms of intermediation have always been higher than those in terms of production. The possible improvements for inefficient Pesantren BMTs include increasing debitors (Y1) and total financing (Y2). They have to always been struggling to collect sizeable depositors, especially MEs, as well as total financing as their main purpose to empower them and enhance their economic development. The other possible improvements are to increase the collection (X4) and the distribution funds of ZISWAF (Y3). This result suggests that most Pesantren BMTs still focus on baitut tamwīl activities, extending financing as their main business. While the future, BMTs should play a more active role in baitul māl activities as their primary business. Second, Pesantren BMTs are useful for developing MEs and contribute a tremendous social benefit to society in several ways. Although the efficiency of BMTs is relatively low since generally, BMTs have achieved both profit and social benefit. Therefore, Islamic financing might be an appropriate model for MEs.


A thermal unfolding based assay using low volume differential intrinsic tryptophan scanning fluorimetry (nanoDSF) was applied to study the stabilizing effects of ligands on G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). GPCRs are the fourth largest superfamily in the human genome and are the largest class of targets for drug discovery. The system has been validated using human adenosine A2A receptor (A2AR). A2AR binds natural (adenosine and caffeine) and synthetic ligands with different affinities to mediate a variety of physiological and pharmacological responses. Several wellcharacterized ligands were used for the unfolding experiments. The ΔTm shift values obtained from nanoDSF analysis and traditional ligand binding studies correlate well with each other. We further characterized a second human GPCR target (test-GPCR) for which traditional cysteine-reactive DSF has been problematic. nanoDSF demonstrated that small molecule ligands can stabilize the detergent-solubilized receptor, thus showing the target GPCR is active in a selected detergent and lipid-free environment. In addition, we report a buffer composition screen to further stabilize the receptor in its detergent environment for biophysical assays. Based on our results, we show that the nanoDSF technology will allow the development of an automated screening platform in a label-free environment to evaluate a large number of compounds for lead discovery and to improve receptor stability for biophysical assays by screening buffer conditions. Introduction G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are implicated in numerous diseases and are the target of many drug treatments. Obtaining sufficient quantities of purified receptors for biophysical and structural characterization has been a challenge, and is still proving to be difficult. Until recently, of the almost thousand proteins in this family, only a few crystallographic structures have been solved (Figure 1) [1]. Figure 1: Structure of the human A2AR bound with the potential Parkinson's drug ZM241385 (blue). Several lipid molecules are seen in the X-ray structure (red). Four native disulfide bonds are also indicated (yellow). The seven transmembrane helices are colored in brown; the extracellular and intracellular loops are shown in pink and turquoise, respectively.


Abstract : A brief survey of diagnostic programming for digital computers. The purposes and organization of the program are covered as well as many of the problems attendant to their preparation. Various techniques that have been used to overcome these are discussed with emphasis on those that are practical (at least from the point of view of effort required) and those that have seen wide use. The primary purpose of this paper is to fully define the nature of the problem and the special considerations involved. Most of the discussion is fully applicable to both commercial and military equipment.


In order to evaluate properly the rising incidence of divorce in the United States we need to know its consequences for families and society at large. This paper focuses on the questions: (1) what does divorce mean in the way of economic hardship for family members; (2) how is the burden distributed among husbands, wives, and children; and (3) why does the economic well-being of divorced wives typically fall short of that of former husbands? The analysis is based mainly on the findings of microlevel longitudinal surveys in the United States, and we conclude that an explanation revolves around lost "economies ofscale, "the selective nature of divorce, work versus welfare, and the inadequacy of child support and alimony.


This paper introduce the chief techniques and design principles of an virtual digital storage oscilloscope based on high-speed data acquisition techniques,which has two working modes:oscilloscope and data acquisition.The hardware instrument consists of preprocessing circuit,AD converter on board memories,high speed clock generator and control circuit integrated in FPGA,comected with PC board through PXI CAN.the software is developed by Labwindows/CVI produced by NI corpration.The design uses 128MB synchronous dynamic storage,which is of character of large memories,low cost,high speed,It can be comprehensively applied in occasion with high-speed,large storage data acquisition,and oscilloscope.


A microbial transport study of Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Pseudomonas putida, and Pseudomonas sp. through a model medium of silica gel demonstrated that bacterial deposition in porous media was determined by interfacial interactions between bacteria and the medium as well as interfacial interactions between deposited and suspended bacterial cells. The clean bed collision efficiency, α 0 was an exponential function of ΔG 132 TOT (sum of ΔG 132 LW , free energy of van der Waals interactions and ΔG 132 AB , free energy of Lewis acid/base interactions between bacteria, and the medium matrix at the equilibrium distance). The blocking factor, B, that depicts the ratio of the blocked area to the geometric area of the medium surface, was an exponential function of ΔG 131 TOT (sum of ΔG 131 LW , free energy of van der Waals interactions and ΔG 131 AB , free energy of Lewis acid/base interactions between deposited and suspended bacterial cells at the equilibrium distance). Among the bacterial strains studied, P. aeruginosa had the greatest α 0 (0.151) and the greatest B (606.5) because P. aeruginosa had the smallest ΔG 132 TOT (-11.6 kT) the greatest ΔG 131 TOT (16.0 kT).


With development of downhole receivers, it has been a trend to use large array 3D-VSP, where rich wavefield information can be acquired. However, the processing of large array 3D-VSP is a very interesting issue. This paper introduces a series of refined


The Commonwealth Agricultural Bureaux (CAB) is an organization comprising 14 Institutes and Bureaux, all but one of which are based in the UK. It includes the Commonwealth Institute of Entomology (CIE), of which the insect identification and taxonomic services are based in the British Museum (Natural History) and the documentary services nearby at 56 Queen's Gate, South Kensington.


Summary The clinical laboratory information system (CLIS) represents a potential medical resource whose value outside of its service role in labor-atory data management has remained largely unex- plored. We wrote several programs for performingon-line CLIS database searches and for archival storage and retrieval of data from CLIS databases.These applications showed that CLIS databases can be tapped to yield a potential wealth of in- formation for medical education and research. Our experience also pointed out some problems:(1) CLIS database query languages were lacking.This necessitated local software development to perform on-line database searches. (2) In theabsence of CLIS data archival systems for long- term data storage, we programmed our own and found it cumbersome to use. Future design effortsshould be directed toward ease and flexibility of use. (3) Medical records coded dischargediagnoses retrieved from hospital dischargediagnosis archival files were frequently inaccu-rate as


It has been five years since Maastenbroek and colleagues published a burnout survey specifically designed for veterinarians.1 Since then, research continues to show that veterinarians, especially women and recent graduates, appear to be at greater risk of suicide than the general population.2 Almost 10 per cent of veterinarians experience severe feelings of depression, anxiety, compassion fatigue or burnout.3

Of concern is that 40 per cent of veterinarians would not recommend others to enter the profession, with the main sources of stress being identified as high student debt, low compensation, poor work-life balance and conflict with clients and colleagues.4 Other sources of stress identified are medical errors,5 client and co-worker issues6 and working in an environment with team members who display toxic attitudes.7

Given the large expansion of corporate veterinary practices in recent years, the evidence suggesting that staff perceive working for a corporate practice as more stressful than independent or private clinics is noteworthy.8

These findings are reminders that members of the profession are still suffering from stress, and that research into the sources of stress and practical management strategies is always needed.

In a paper summarised on p 588 of this issue of Vet Record , O'Connor explores the sources of stress in UK veterinary practice.9 This is a timely study, with verbatim quotes reinforcing the importance of each identified theme. O'Connor describes familiar stress sources such as …


Icing on transmission line is relevant to weather condition and conductor temperature.At present,the correlation analysis of the weather parameters and wire icing is not comprehensive and systematic,and in some studies the impact of conductor temperature on transmission line has not been considered,therefore the main factors influencing wire icing have not yet been determined.This paper collects the monitoring data of icing from the 220 kV Tongli power lines and 220 kV Jiyangerhui power lines,analyzes the relation among transmission line icing,conductor temperature and local meteorological conditions,such as ambient temperature,relative humidity,wind speed,etc.by making use of grey relational analysis method,and achieves the correlation degrees between icing and these four factors respectively to determine the key factor influencing wire icing on the two transmission lines.Results show that the correlation analysis result of the 220 kV Tongli power lines is consistent with the one of 220 kV Jiyangerhui power lines,and the correlation degree between transmission line icing and each influencing factor is similar one another.The importance sequence of the four factors influencing transmission line icing is ambient windspeed conductor temperature ambient temperature ambient relative humidity,which indicates that the ambient windspeed is the key factor influencing transmission line icing.


Recht and R\'{e} introduced the noncommutative arithmetic geometric mean inequality (NC-AGM) for matrices with a constant depending on the degree $d$ and the dimension $m$. In this paper we prove AGM inequalities with a dimension-free constant for general operators. We also prove an order version of the AGM inequality under additional hypothesis. Moreover, we show that our AGM inequality almost holds for many examples of random matrices .


I present an extension of the phase distance correlation periodogram to two-dimensional astrometric data. I show that this technique is more suitable than previously proposed approaches to detect eccentric Keplerian orbits, and that it overcomes the inherent bias of the joint periodogram to circular orbits. This new technique might prove to be essential in the context of future astrometric space missions such as Theia.


Introduction: Mouse models are increasingly used to investigate functional and cardiovascular parameters. Measurements of blood flow patterns, vessel wall strain and pulse wave velocity have been used for the evaluation of the arterial function and cardiovascular risk [1]. However noninvasive methods for measuring hemodynamic parameters such as blood pressure are not yet available. In this work we present an approach to noninvasively estimate the arterial pulse pressure by measuring the time dependant blood flow pulse and the local pulse wave velocity.


As  Jawi  – the Arabic orthography used to write Malay language – deals with more challenges in this sophisticated era, it requires more severe acts of nurturing its existence, one of which, education. Inferred to be originated from Aceh, the massive dissemination of  Jawi  got through the Malay Archipelago countries, including Malaysia, where it, compared to other countries, receives better treatment for its development nowadays. This paper seeks to trace the origin of  Jawi  and its development in the light of education in Aceh and Malaysia. The findings reveal that  Jawi education in Malaysia has better developed with its outstanding features. Relevant journal articles, books, reports, and online pages are consulted to obtain the real picture of  Jawi  education in both countries. Positive innovations developed in Malaysian schools are expected to set a new benchmark for  Jawi  education in Aceh in particular and in other Indonesian provinces which are concerned over  Jawi  education like Riau, Islands of Riau, South Sumatera, North Sumatera, and Jambi.


The concept of neutrosophic sets can be utilized as a mathematical tool to deal with imprecise and unspecified information. In this paper, we apply the concept of single-valued neutrosophic sets to graphs. We introduce the notion of single-valued neutrosophic graphs, and present some fundamental operations on single-valued neutrosophic graphs. We explore some interesting properties of single-valued neutrosophic graphs by level graphs. We highlight some flaws in the definitions of Broumi et al. [10] and Shah-Hussain [18]. We also present an application of single-valued neutrosophic graphs in social network.


In this work, to explore the control potential of reverse dual synthetic jets (RDSJs) in a flying wing aircraft (FWA), reverse dual synthetic jet actuators (RDSJAs) are integrated into a FWA with a hybrid flow mode of rollers and streamers. The aerodynamic characteristics and control mechanism are investigated using numerical simulations. The results show that the aerodynamic loads follow a nonlinear trend, and the overall process can be divided into three stages with an increasing angle of attack (AOA). In the first stage (AOA = 0°–8°), the RDSJs can improve the reverse pressure gradients and form alternate recirculation zones or even a large-area separation. The pressure rises before and falls after the exits, causing an increase in Cd and a drop in CL. The decrease in the leading-edge suction and the pressure envelope area results in a further increase with the increasing AOA, resulting in a reduction in ΔCL and an improvement in ΔCd. In the second stage (AOA = 8°–24°), the energy of the RDSJs is too low to form a strong disturbance over the leeward surface, and the promotion of favorable pressure gradients along the lower surface can weaken the control effects of the RDSJAs, causing a decrease in the narrowing degree of the pressure envelope. The leading-edge vortex (LEV) is weakened, and ΔCL increases as Cd experiences a drop. In the third stage (AOA = 24°–32°), the RDSJs interact with the larger separation and are capable of accelerating the flow over the wing section, elevating the longitudinal velocity of the LEV through entrainments and improving the strength and stability of the LEV. The accelerated flow creates negative pressures behind RDSJAs, causing a further reduction in the decrement of the pressure envelope area. An enhancement of CL and Cd appears under the influence of the above factors.


The invention discloses casting molding sand which is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 250-270 parts of silica sand powder, 40-50 parts of coal ash, 9-12 parts of aluminum hydroxide, 40-45 parts of rice bran, 20-30 parts of iron-ore slag, 20-30 parts of calcium carbonate powder, 1-2 parts of polycarboxylic acid water reducing agent, 1-2 parts of polyacrylamide, 1-2 parts of tung oil, 45-50 parts of aluminum silicate, 30-40 parts of maize straw powder, 22-30 parts of bamboo carbon, 30-40 parts of clay, 14-18 parts of corn meal, 3-4 parts of silane coupling agent KH-550 and a proper amount of water. Due to adoption of coal ash, the fineness and smoothness degree of the molding sand is improved, the formation is easy, and the energy is saved; due to adoption of the straw powder, the corn meal and the like, the air permeability and the high temperature collapsibility are improved; as the stone powder is sintered and is combined with organic binding agents, the plasticity, the dispersity and the air permeability are improved. The casting molding sand is easy to form and make a core, the shrinkage cavity and shrinkage porosity of a cast piece is reduced by more than 91%, and the finished product rate of the cast piece is improved.


• A study of the causes of cutaneous disease disclosed evidence of occupational origin in almost 50%. Of these, several hundred were caused by repeated exposure to primary irritants such as acids and organic solvents, but no case of occupational dermatosis resulted in permanent disability. Dermatitis also resulted from single, nonhabitual injuries such as splashing and physical trauma. This included some cases of eczematous dermatitis from occlusive dressings. Patch tests were frequently found to have been misused or misinterpreted. When change of work was not possible, improved techniques and attention to hygiene usually enabled the worker to return to his job without recurrence of symptoms.


Objective To clear the movement of rami temporales,zygomatic branches,buccal branches and the relationship between facial superficial musculoaponeurotic system(SMAS) with them in order to provide important morphological data for mid facial rhytidectomy.Methods 10(20 sides) adult's pate samples were dissected observed and measured step by step.The results and data were drawn in the coordinate system with the X-aix which was in the plane the cut trace of paropia and tragus,and the origin was the cut point in tragus.Results ① Rami temporales were more 3 rami forma than other forms.Most of branches come from the front edge of parotid gland,the goacross the 1/3 border around zygomatic arch and move in the adipose tissue hyp-SMAS.②There were more 2 rami forma than others in the zygomatic branches,which come through the upper or front of edge of parotid gland and move in the masseteric fascia.The upper part was in the shallow position.It runs into the muscle from the outer edge of orbicularis oculi in the 1/3 surface of the zygomaticus major;The position of the lower part was more deaper,which can go deep into zygomaticus major.③ Zygomatic branches were mainly 3 rami forma.To fix their positions was difficult for they always move differently,form nerve plexus and walk at the surface of buccal fat pad or inside.Conclusion It's quite safe to doing the SMAS seperation in the parotid gland area with all branches moving in parotid glandular substance of prostate.Dull SMAS seperation should be used to avoid facial nerve injary at the surface of masseteric fascia and buccal fat pad.The seperation should be done under the surface of zygomaticus major and strittly limited below 0.5 cm of the surface(2/3 part of the surface).Temporal region is safe when the seperation of fascia temporalis superficialis is done behide the hairline,but is should be turned to the superficial seperation across the hairline.The surface and the upper part of zygomatic arch are so shallow that nerves are easy to be injaried.However,in the lower pant of zygomatic arch,the position of nerves is more deeper that nerves are not in danger.


The main inorganic constituent of human bone is carbonated-hydroxyapatite (CHA). The CHA powder had been successfully synthesized by using chicken eggshell through microwave assisted precipitation methods. In the application, the biomaterials needed by orthopaedic doctors were in the form of scaffold. The addition of PVA and alginate to CHA can improve mechanical properties and affect the pores. The freeze-drying method was used to synthesize bio-composite scaffold. The FTIR result showed that spectrums correspond to functional group of PO4 3−, OH−, CO3 2− which were the characteristic of CHA. The elastic scaffold was produced in this research. The scaffold mechanical test results showed that the higher PVA content showed the higher mechanical properties. The phase composition was evaluated by XRD and indicated the presence of CHA. The morphology of the sample was evaluated by SEM which formed pores. These scaffolds showed good prospects for bone substitute material.


The artificial sources emitting close to or/and in the L-band are contaminating the collected remote sensing data and deteriorating the performance of the Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) mission. Detecting and locating such sources is crucial to improve the quality of SMOS scientific products. In this paper, we present an approach based on matrix completion (MC) for localization of radio-frequency interference (RFI) sources. This approach exploits the low-rank property of the augmented covariance matrix (ACM) of the sparse array, and addresses the ACM incompleteness (i.e., sampling data loss) due to inherent array geometry (e.g., the SMOS Y-shaped array). Some experimental results indicate that, compared with existing approaches based on the discrete Fourier transformation (DFT) inversion and direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation, the proposed MC approach has better performance such as superior spatial resolution and reduced artifacts.


Thank you very much for downloading designing soldier systems current issues in human factors. As you may know, people have look numerous times for their favorite novels like this designing soldier systems current issues in human factors, but end up in harmful downloads. Rather than reading a good book with a cup of coffee in the afternoon, instead they juggled with some harmful virus inside their laptop.


A variety of infectious agents are implicated in calf diarrhoea, and co-infection of multiple pathogens is not uncommon in diarrheic calves. Forty carcasses of bovine calves having history of diarrhoea were necropsied and the samples of intestine, lung, liver, kidney, heart and lymph nodes were collected in 10% neutral buffered formalin for histopathology and in -20°C for molecular diagnosis. Lesions of enteritis were observed histopathologically, and rotavirus was predominantly associated with enteritis along with other concomitant infections viz. pasteurellosis, FMD, parasites, aflatoxicosis and septicaemia etc. In most of the cases, the aetiologies were confirmed by PCR (rotavirus and FMD virus), bacterial culture (bacterial enteritis) and by pathological lesions in the intestines and other organs. It was observed that rotavirus enteritis usually found associatedalong with concomitant infections.


This research is aimed at analyzing the balance of payments of Ecuador in the period 2015-2018, the study of Ecuadorian trade policy and possible prospects of this for the next three years. The study presents a conceptualization of each of the accounts and subaccounts comprising the Ecuadorian balance of payments, and an analysis of the evolution of the same during the period indicated.
It is important to mention that the research is of documentary type. In this context, for the development of the research, statistical data from the Central Bank of Ecuador (ECB) were used, which served to conduct the quarterly deductive analysis of the most significant accounts and items in the balance of payments Ecuadorian. In the same way, it analyzed the commercial policy and its incidence in the same one, taking as reference the organic Code of the Production trade and investments (COPCI) and the contribution of two experts. Finally, a projection of the balance of payments was made with data taken from the ECB for the next three years, in addition, the most significant variables affecting the supply of exports and the demand for imports in Ecuador were analyzed.
Among the main findings of the study is that during the 2015 there was a deficit in the trade balance, due to the decline in the price of oil. Likewise, during the 2016, there was a decrease in sales abroad, this phenomenon is attributed basically to the overproduction of oil by member countries of the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC), which resulted in a reduction in revenue from oil exports. Similarly, imports had a decrease as a result of Ecuador's tariff policy. Whereas, for the 2017 and 2018, the growth of non-oil exports and the flow of remittances by migrants is detailed.
Finally, it is mentioned that the evolution and development, and development of the Ecuadorian economy has depended heavily on foreign trade and Applied trade policy, which during the period studied 2015-2018 has favored the economic opening and strengthening of new Markets, which contributed to the national economy.


With the questionnaire of target orientation test,competitive state anxiety and sports psychological fatigue,this paper has a research on 30 biathlon athletes of the Army's August 1 Skiing Team.The results show: The self-orientation of female biathlon athletes is significantly higher than male's; Self-orientation of biathlon athletes is positively associated with cognitive state anxiety,somatic state anxiety,emotional exhaustion and negative evaluation of sports,task orientation is negatively related to cognitive state anxiety,somatic state anxiety,low positive sense,emotional exhaustion and negative evaluation of sports; Self-oriented athletes are significantly higher than that of task orientation athletes in the cognitive state anxiety,somatic state anxiety,emotional exhaustion and negative evaluation of sports; Athletes who have higher self-orientation and lower task orientation,the higher cognitive state anxiety and somatic state anxiety,the lower positive feelings,the higher emotional exhaustion and negative evaluation of sports.The shooting target orientation of biathlon athletes is an important influencing factor of competitive state anxiety and sports psychological fatigue,self-orientation and task orientation have different influences on competitive state anxiety and sports psychological fatigue.


A total of 180 households (HHs) were selected from Gurage zone of Ethiopia, and 80 eggs were collected and assessed for quality. All collected descriptive data were analyzed using SPSS version 20, and mean differences were separated using Least Significant Difference (LSD).The result indicated that using young chick and hen keeping as parameter was showed a significant difference(P<0.05) between the two selected agro ecologies of the study area. All village chicken productivity estimating parameters i.e. eggs/hen/week, eggs/hen/clutch, eggs /hen/year, hatchability and mortality were showed a significant difference at all P levels (P˂0.05; P<0.01; P<0.05) with in and across the agro ecologies. Married respondents (60%) and respondents who attain elementary education (60%) were the major participant of different marketing activities. However of village chicken products marketing were highly determined by stage of marketand majorly (65%) marketed at farm gate and at primary markets, secondary markets showed significance difference (P<0.05) on the price of selling chicken and egg. Christian holydays and Ethiopian New Year showed a significant difference among the selected study areas for selling of local and crossbred chicken and egg. Seasonal demands and festive periods were the two major determining factors which create price inflation. Price fluctuation, seasonal demand and intermediaries were the first three major constraints in the process of marketing chickens and eggs, respectively. All available market places in the study area did not have special infrastructure which helped chicken and eggs to be sold independently. Keywords: Cheha, marketing, production, productivity, village chicken. DOI : 10.7176/JNSR/9-19-03 Publication date :October 31 st 2019


In this work, a grounded transversal resonator is presented which exhibits tri-mode behaviour and provides two transmission zeros. The proposed resonator is analyzed and used to design a very compact low-loss wideband bandpass filter with a central frequency of 4 GHz. The fabricated filter exhibits 3-dB fractional bandwidth of 83.5%, good in-band and out-of-band performances and a compact size of only 0.29λg × 0.19λg, where λg denotes the guided wavelength on the given substrate at the central frequency.


Chapter 1 Introduction Chapter 2 Defining Religion's Role in Society Chapter 3 Religion in a Modern and Secular World Chapter 4 Is Religion the Symptom or the Disease? Chapter 5 Previous Approaches to the Study of Religion and Conflict Chapter 6 A More Comprehensive Theory of Religion and Conflict Chapter 7 The Role of Religion in Ethnoreligious Conflict Chapter 8 Some Implications and Clarifications


An investigation has been conducted in order to gain "nearly intrinsic" character on the defect structure of high purity polycrystalline rutile (ca 6 nine), prepared from titanium tetrabutylate as a starting material, in the high oxygen pressure range 10•¬-2•`10•¬3 mmHg and at the temperature 800•‹ and 900•Ž Measurement has been made by electrical conductivity (dc and ac) and thermoelectric power techniques. Since the frequency dispersion of the conductivity was not observed above 800°C at the frequency range 1•`100 KHz and dc conductivity data correspond to those of ac and the sign of the thermo-emf indicates negative, it seems that the carrier is electronic rather than ionic. Over the oxygen pressure range 10•¬-2•`10•¬3 mmHg, the electrical conductivity in nearly intrinsic region accorded well to the relation aocPo, -1/6, which is attributed to the predominance of fully ionized oxygen vacancies. It seems that p-type conduction did not belong to the intrinsic character of rutile below atmospheric pressure. The apparent activation energy was found ca 1.48 eV in pure oxygen atmosphere at 600•`1000•Ž.(Received March 31, 1972)


The invention discloses an electrochemical polishing method of a nickel-tungsten alloy base-band for a coated conductor. The method comprises the following steps: preparing an electrochemical polishing solution by utilizing sulphuric acid, water and propanetriol according to a certain volume ratio; taking an Ni-5at.%W base-band as an anode, taking stainless steel as a cathode, submerging the anodeand the cathode in the electrochemical polishing solution, switching on a power supply, and polishing under the voltage of 5 to 8 V and the current density of 1 to 1.3A*cm , wherein the temperatureof the polishing solution is kept between 0 DEG C and the room temperature, time is controlled between 30 to 60 s, and polishing polar distance is controlled between 30 to 40 mm; and repeatedly washing and drying the base-band by alcohol and deionized water. The invention has the advantages of stable component of the polishing solution, stable polishing effect and low cost. The method can effectively reduce the roughness of the surface of the base-band on the basis of maintaining the original texture sharpness of the base-band, and is applicable to the scale polishing treatment of the Ni-5at.% base-band.


Based on multilayer dielectric model, for the spherical biological cell subjected to pulsed electric field (PEF), a simplified equivalent circuit was presented. According to a mathematical analysis of a monocycle electric pulse (MEP), the relationship between a given pulse duration and a center frequency was established and its main energy was concentrated on the center frequency. Thus the transmenbrane potential of external and inner membranes induced by the MEP with various durations was simply calculated by using a harmonic function with different center frequency and the equivalent circuit equations. Furthermore, the threshold electric intensities and window effect of the electroporation with different pulse duration were discussed assuming that the external and inner membranes would breakdown under certain potential values. In view of current difficulty in developing the high peak power PEF devices and the advantage of the MEP in living cell's electroporation effects, an experimental scheme was presented in which a Gaussian pulse was generated by a photoconductive semiconductor switch (PCSS) and a MEP was produced through a Blumlein transmission line (BTL).

 Key words: Monocycle pulse, transmenbrane potential, electric intensity threshold, window effect, monocycle pulse generator.


Metonymy tends to get short shrift in traditional linguistics texts. It is seen as the diachronic motivation for the development of new meanings of extant words, such as hand to mean 'labourer' (Trask 1996: 44-5; Murphy 2010: 94-5), and this implies that metonymy is one of the origins of polysemy. At the same time, it is recognized that metonymy is ubiquitous in discourse, which makes matters of reference problematic in principle. Thus, for example, Whitehall may not refer to the location but to the British government; and a sentence like It's not very far to where I'm parked actually refers to the car being parked rather than the person. This ubiquity is what makes metonymy so important for literary studies, and also what makes metonymy so important in cognitive linguistics, which has moved the study of figures such as metaphor and metonymy to centre stage, albeit as a factor connected with textual comprehension, rather than as a matter primarily concerned with diachronic development of individual words. In this paper, I want to consider metonymy as a factor in the interpretation of lexical items rather than as a matter of interpretation of texts (though, clearly, the two are linked at some level). Much of the material from cognitive grammar is thus not relevant for the issues I shall deal with. At the same time, so much work on metonymy has been carried out within cognitive frameworks, and so many things that I will bring up have been developed with such frameworks, that it is impossible to be independent of that literature. Much of what I say has, therefore, a background in the cognitive literature, and I think that what I am proposing can be seen as a contribution within a cognitive framework.


Mar. 27, 1989 JP Japan .................................... .70 musical tone envelope data with respect to a target (51) Int. Cl. ......................... G10H 1/06; G1OH 3/00 value based on a parameter, a changing rate control unit 52 U.S. C. ..........................'.............. 84/607; 84/624; for decrementing a change in the current value such. 84/626; 84/604 that the current value becomes closer to the target (58) Field of Search ......... 84/607, 626, 627, DIG. 20, value, a detection unit to detect whether or not the rate 84/663, 604, 607, 627, 663, DIG. 2 of change becomes equal to 0, and a processing control 56) References Cited unit control for stopping the evaluation the current value in response to a result of the detection. U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS


Drug court programs, a recent criminal justice system innovation, have been implemented in more than 125 jurisdictions nationwide. Because they are such new programs, there is very little research that evaluates their design, implementation, and effectiveness. This article examines the implementation of four courts within Los Angeles County that operate under the same set of guidelines established by an oversight committee. The process evaluation used focus groups with drug court teams, observation of court hearings and group treatment sessions, and interviews with treatment providers. The policy implications based on our findings may be useful to other jurisdictions that are designing or implementing new drug court programs.


Today with rapid development of network economy and e-business,there appears some new trends in female consumption.These trends include transformation trend,challenge trend,independence trend,immediate trend,and pleasant trend.Face with these new trends,we should take effective sales strategies to promote female consumption in e-business.


In order to improve the ecological environment,rationally use the natural resources and develop economy of the impoverished and backward mounteious region,and relieve poverty,it should coordinate the relationship between agricultural eco-environment construction and sustainable development.This paper described the exsiting problems of the mountain area ecologicical environment in Yunyang County.Some countermeasures of sustainable development about mountain areas economy were presented based on the local conditions,in order to realize sustainable development of agricultural eco-environment construction.


The numerical solution to the problem of the electromagnetic wave scattering by an inhomogeneous anisotropic inclusion of an arbitrary cross section situated in the anisotropic half-space is described. The solution is obtained by discretizing the integro-differential equation with respect to the electric field in the scatterer cross section. The results of the calculations that illustrate the influence of anisotropy on scattering properties of the object are presented.


In this paper we discuss an adaptive process, which is based on the so-called self-tuning mechanism. We simplify this mechanism and apply it to a threshold system. From view points of information quantity and estimation accuracy we show this mechanism enhances information transmission through the threshold system. In addition we extend our theory so that it could be applied to a truncation coding.


Freedom of expression in Indonesia has reached the best momentum after the reformation era for democracy develops very successfully to the right direction in the last two decades. One such freedoms is free media and this progressive opportunity often been manipulated by particular users. Thanks to the Indonesian government that has issued constitutional law to punish wrong doing of irresponsible users on electronic transation of information i.e UU ITE Number 11 year 2018 and UU ITE Number 19 year 2016. In this paper there are two research questions to investigate: (1) What linguistics strategy is applied to determine implied meaning of a text; (2) How socio-pragmatic contexts and intertexts play a significant role in analyzing the message. The objective of the research is to formulate a Forensic Linguistics perspective on determining implied meaning and message. The result is that implied meaning must be searched by employing lexico-grammatical structures and supported by socio-pragmatic contexts, namely, deictic, implicature and speech acts. It is concluded that in investigating forensic texts particularly to find out deep structure of meaning and messages behind the surface text, microlinguistics and macrolinguistics properties should be imposed in order to formulate language crime supported by linguistic evidences.


The purpose with this thesis is to explore the urban landscape in post-apartheid Johannesburg, investigate the concept of the growing numbers of various types of urban villages and moreover look in ...


OBJECTIVES
The olive leaf extract (OLext) is known to possess many biological properties including a powerful antioxidant. This study aimed to investigate the protective effects of postoperative nutrition with OLext and glutamine on bacterial translocation (BT) and liver damage in obstructive jaundice.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
Totally, 50 rats were randomly divided into the five groups of 10 each. The common bile duct was ligated in all animals, excepting in the group 1. Postoperative nutrition was given to all groups for ten days. The rats in the Group 1 and 2 were fed a normal diet, Group 3 rats were fed an additional glutamine (1 g/kg/day), and Group 4 and 5 rats were fed an additional OLext (1 ml of 1/2 diluted and pure form/kg/day). Biochemical, microbiological and liver histopathological changes were evaluated.

RESULTS
BT in the Groups 3, 4, and 5 was significantly lower than in the Group 2. The values of aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), γ-glutamyl transferase (γ-GT) and alkalen phosphatase (ALP) in blood were increased in obstructive jaundice, but the levels of these tests were statistically lower in glutamine and OLext groups when compared to the Group 2. Histopathological changes were observed low in the liver in OLext and glutamine groups.

CONCLUSIONS
The present data has demonstrated that the supplementation of olive leaf extract and glutamine reduce the incidence of BT and liver damage in obstructive jaundiced rats (Tab. 4, Fig. 1, Ref. 23).


Art imitates life in the social sciences no less than in any other creative activity, and it should be no surprise, given our common assumptions regarding the shape of Australian society, that so little attention has been paid by scholars to the development of the great personal fortunes of the wealthy in Australia, or to the relationship between Australia's richest men and the rest of society.


Intoxication of lead during pregnancy can increase the levels of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) that disrupts the physiological maternal pregnancy and embryonic development. Red fruit (Pandanus conoideus Lam.) was able to reduce levels of ROS because it contains carotenoids and tocopherols which act as antioxidants. The purpose of this study was to find out the influence of red fruit oil to increase litter size and decreased incidence of congenital defects in lead induced pregnant mice. Mice were grouped into five groups, those are negative control, postive control that was induced by lead 0,011 mg/20 g BW orally as well as P1, P2, P3 that were induced by lead 0,011 mg/20 g BW and red fruit oil dose of 12 mg/kg BW, 24 mg/kg BW, 48 mg/kg BW. Results of this study were analyzed using ANOVA and Duncan test. The results showed a higher litter size and congenital defects lower in lead induced pregnant mice with red fruit oil compared to the positive control. The conclusion of this study is red fruit oil can increase litter size and decrease the incidence of congenital defects in lead induced pregnant mice through an atioxidant mechanism.


The structure of the outer baffle designed for a space camera was investigated.In order to achieve the minimum weight,the carbon fibre composite and TC4 were chosen as the main material,and the finite element optimization method was used for the design of the outer baffle.According to the dimension of baffle,the inequalities relating to baffle's mode and camera parameters were given in this work,the thicknesses of the outer baffle and diaphragm could be determined.The optimization results show a reduction of weight from 7.2 kg to 4.4 kg,which is lighter 38.9% than that of original one.Moreover,the modes of the outer baffle change a little,while the impulsion in the launch progress is reduced.Finally,the static and dynamic analysis was afforded by finite element method,and the results satisfy the requirement of design in production.


The effect of oxygen in the suspension polymerization of tetrafluoroethylene initiated by ammonium persulfate has been investigated. As usual, oxygen acts as an inhibitor in this radical initiated polymerization and the induction period increases with the amount of oxygen present in the system. In the presence of oxygen, pH of the aqueous medium drops considerably after polymerization, with simultaneous production of fluoride ions, the concentration of which increases with both the amount of oxygen and polymerization conversion.The product obtained from the polymerization of tetrafluoroethylene in the presence of oxygen contains considerable amount of carboxylic and carboxylate groups as indicated by its infrared spectra. According to the measurements of fluoride ion and oxalic acid concentrations of the resulting aqueous medium, it seems that the polymeric peroxide, [(CF2-CF2)n-O-O]m, formed in the initial stage of polymerization in the presence of oxygen, does not decompose instantaneously and completely during the course of polymerization. The value of n is generally greater than one.The heat stability of the polymers thus formed is poor-low in thermal decomposition temperature and fast in thermal decomposition rate. The initial thermogravimetric loss is probably due to the decomposition of carboxylate groups attached in the polymer.


This article concerns Stefan Drzewiecki�s naval engineering researches. This civil engineer was born into a rich polish Europeanized family and graduated at the Ecole centrale des arts et manufactures in Paris. Inventor in 1877 of a submarine prototype named �Podascaphe�, Drzewiecki pursued the improvement of his concept in terms of propulsion, manoeuvring, speed and autonomy . His first prototypes were mass-produced by the Russian navy, but the lack of interest by the Russian authorities in the early 1890s convinced him to settle in Paris. In 1896, he took part in a competition organized by the French Admiralty for a new type of submarine. The prize he received gave him enough freedom to pursue his activities as an inventor. He subsequently took an active interest in airplanes and conceived a propeller theory that drew him closer to Gustave Eiffel, who was himself involved in aerodynamics, and also collaborated with the Laboratoire aerodynamique d�Auteuil. This Polish engineer died in 1938 after a long career entirely devoted to naval engineering and aviation.


Reversible data hiding (RDH) is an actively emerging area in the domain of Information Security having wide applications in clinical data transmission along with medical images. In our research, we came up with a new RDH scheme to keep clinical data in the medical image to ensure secure data transmission. Histogram shifting-based RDH schemes are widely explored for RDH in images. The conventional histogram shifting-based RDH schemes have two major concerns: low embedding rate and overflow or underflow. In this approach, we discuss a prediction error histogram shifting-based approach with an improved overflow handling technique. The pixels in the images are divided into two different categories: black and white. The classification of the pixels has been carried out based on the checkerboard pattern. As we know that as per the checkerboard pattern, a black pixel will have four 4-neighbourhood pixels (left, right, top and bottom). To predict the black pixel value in the middle we used the average of three pixels out of 4-neighbourhood which are very close to the central pixel value. By considering the predicted pixel value and the actual pixel value, we have computed the prediction error. The histogram of prediction error is generated based on the prediction error corresponds to all the black pixels in the image. The prediction error histogram is considered for further data hiding through the histogram shifting approach. The overflow/underflow is a critical issue in the histogram shifting-based RDH scheme, so we have came up with an improved overflow/underflow handling technique in this approach. We have validated the results after carrying out the proposed scheme on medical and natural images.


Since late 1970s, praziquantel has been well developed in the treatment of schistosome infections both at home and abroad. In this paper, the author presents a comprehensive review on praziquantel for the treatment of schistosomiasis in foreign countries. Praziquantel has been used for treatment of five major schistosome infections: i.e., Schistosoma haematobium, S. mansoni, S. intercalatum, S. mekongi and S. japonicum with good effect. The dose-schedules used in different schistosome infections were similar,mainly,40mg/kg body weight, single dose, or 60 mg/kg divided into two doses given in one day. The side effects owing to treatment of the chemical were also similar and were presented. Up till now, the drug has been used in more than 100 million people for treatment of schistosome infection and mass chemotherapy in highly endemic population without preliminary screening. No single death has been identified during and shortly after the treatment among very large population. As a whole, it is the drug of choice in the treatment of major schistosome infections with mild side effects, excellent therapeutic efficacy and easiness for administration. It is also effective to late stage schistosomiasis with hepatic fibrosis induced by S. mansoni infection or obstructive uropathy induced by S. haematobium. The drug is a very useful weapon for morbidity control and has sped up the control work. Praziquantel is not only used for individual treatment, but also used for mass treatment to reduce the prevalence and morbidity in whole population in heavily endemic areas. The strategy of chemotherapy is slight different used in the control programme in different endemic countries, i.e., Egypt, Brazil, Indonesia, Laos, etc., and is also reviewed herein. WHO morbidity control strategy using praziquantel for schistosomiasis in the endemic community is also introduced.


Several potentially dangerous classroom situations involving toxic minerals are described. Students who are made aware of such dajngers are likely to act more responsibly when faced with health-related decisions involving minerals in their subsequent careers as geologists.


Objective To investigate the effects of the TRPC on LPS-induced secretion of TNF-α and NO in astrocytes. Methods The astrocytes were isolated and purified by shaking the flasks in a horizontal orbital shaker,and identified by immunofluorescence.When cell fusion ratio reach 80%,cultured cells were exposed to 0.5 μg/mL LPS for 0,2,6,12,24 and 48 hours,or treated with 10 μmol/L 2-APB and 5 μmol/L SKF96365 simultaneously.TNF-α and NO concentration in cell culture supernatants were measured. Results The production of TNF-α,which was induced by LPS for 2 to 48 hours,was significantly increased(P0.01),so was the NO secretion induced by LPS for 24 to 48 horus(P0.01).TRPC blockers,2-APB and SKF96365 both significantly inhibited the LPS induced secretion of TNF-α and NO of astrocytes(P0.01). Conclusion The inhibition of TRPC channels reduces the LPS-induced secretion of TNF-α and NO,suggesting that TRPC channel regulates astrocytes activation in the pathophysiology of brain inflammation.


Leadership has proved impossible to define, despite decades of research and a huge number of publications. This article explores managers' accounts of leadership, and shows that they find it difficult to talk about the topic, offering brief definitions but very little narrative. That which was said/sayable provides insights into what was unsaid/ unsayable. Queer theory facilitates exploration of that which is difficult to talk about, and applying it to the managers' talk allows articulation of their lay theory of leadership. This is that leaders evoke a homoerotic desire in followers such that followers are seduced into achieving organizational goals. The leader's body, however, is absent from the scene of seduction, so organizational heteronormativity remains unchallenged. The article concludes by arguing that queer and critical leadership theorists together could turn leadership into a reverse discourse and towards a politics of pleasure at work.


The effect of time and temperature on the crystalline recovery of quenched Marlex 50 polyethylene has been investigated. Quenching thin films in ice water reduced the room temperature crystallinity from a normal value of 93 to 82%. These specimens were maintained at 25, 66.2, and 106.4°C., and the time variation of crystallinity was followed by nuclear spin resonance. The crystalline recovery appears to follow the empirical formula, X = A + B log t, where X is the percentage crystallinity and t, is the time in hours. The rate, X, increases with temperature. The temperature-dependence of B was computed by assuming the rate to be controlled by diffusion in the amorphous phase. The temperature-dependence of diffusion is determined by nuclear spin resonance line width measurements to be exp {−8700/RT}. The rate is then X = C/t exp {−8700/RT}, and C, evaluated at 25, 66.2, and 106.4°C., is 2.2 ± 1.9, 1.7 ± 0.5, and 2.1 ±0.2 × 105. This agreement is within the probable error, and justifies the assumption of diffusion as the rate-controlling factor. The result is X = 2.04 × 105(1/t) exp { −8700/RT} and X = A + 4.70 × 105 log t exp {−8700/RT}.


The result is that the inexpert can be forgiven for thinking that Ioannina is at the top of a mountain rather than beside papyrus-fringed L. Pambotis, for believing that the theatre of Dionysus at Athens is an archaic structure, for failing to find the Theseion at all, and for coming away with some very odd ideas about who ruled which territories in the maps of the Successor Kingdoms. Colours more sharply differentiated would have made the maps considerably easier to read. The Atlas concludes with a Gazetteer and a helpful bibliography, to which J. O. Thomson's History of Ancient Geography might well have been added. For those, then, who know little and those who know a little about the world of Ancient Greece, for the school library and the general reader, this book should certainly achieve its aim. Nevertheless I can almost hear the ghost of Bentley pronouncing the final verdict: ' It is a very pretty book, Mr Levi, but you must not call it an Atlas.'


The demand the human population is placing on the environment has triggered accelerated rates of biodiversity change and created trade-offs among the ecosystem services we depend upon. Decisions designed to reverse these trends require the best possible information obtained by monitoring ecological and social dimensions of change. Here, we conceptualize a network framework to monitor change in social–ecological systems. We contextualize our framework within Ostrom's social–ecological system framework and use it to discuss the challenges of monitoring biodiversity and ecosystem services across spatial and temporal scales. We propose that spatially explicit multilayer and multiscale monitoring can help estimate the range of variability seen in social–ecological systems with varying levels of human modification across the landscape. We illustrate our framework using a conceptual case study on the ecosystem service of maple syrup production. We argue for the use of analytical tools capable of integrating qualitative and quantitative knowledge of social–ecological systems to provide a causal understanding of change across a network. Altogether, our conceptual framework provides a foundation for establishing monitoring systems. Operationalizing our framework will allow for the detection of ecosystem service change and assessment of its drivers across several scales, informing the long-term sustainability of biodiversity and ecosystem services.


The paper explores the efficiency of cleaning methods in order to select a method and optimize cleaning as a part of assembly manufacturing process in microelectronics. To find out the advantages and potentialities of each single cleaning method it is necessary to use simple but reliable evaluation method. In this paper are under consideration two different methods for contamination evaluation, the first being the standard one using the contaminometer, and the second, new one, which is developed on an optical principle. The new method for cleaning evaluation is based on measuring the contamination in special substrate pattern using a scanning unit (programmable automated optical inspection). The special pattern was designed and realized on a glass substrate with ceramic chip models. The experimental part presents the efficiency examination and compares ultrasonic cleaning in microemulsion to other methods like spray in the air etc. The results of this study are used in optimizing and adjusting cleaning equipments as well as in their improvement and innovation.


OVERVIEW In this discussion of social ecological strategies for promoting healthy lifestyles as an element of social ecological perspectives on health promotion, it may be useful to start by differentiating my view of health promotion from another that is often expressed. That start seems necessary because of the common tendency to use the term health promotion to mean only changing peoples' behavior to enhance health. A broader and more appropriate concept comes from the Ottawa Charter definition of health promotion: "the process of enabling people to increase control over, and to improve, their own health. ''1 Such control may be exercised both individually and collectively, the former for one's own self and the latter for the community. The Ottawa definition focusses on maintaining and, insofar as possible, expanding people's capacity to extend enjoyable life. That capacity constitutes health. It resides in several bodily and mental functions, for example, having immunity against diseasecausing microorganisms; having intact organ systems such as the cardiopulmonary system and liver; and sustaining cognition. Therefore obtaining vaccinations, getting adequate exercise, avoiding excessive alcohol, and keeping mentally active are all aspects of health promotion. Other important features of health promotion, however, include items not related to individual behavior, such as fluoridating and otherwise maintaining healthful water supplies, minimizing rodent infestation, and curtailing air pollution. In recent years, however, the way people behave (what many call "lifestyle") has dominated consideration of health promotion. The popularity of this view has followed recognition that certain kinds of individual behavior, such as tobacco use and alcohol abuse, are profoundly associated with health, and subsequently with mortality and disabil


Background and Objective: The incidence rate of elderly misbehavior increased in the past two decades. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of elderly misbehavior in northern Iran. Method: This descriptive - analytic study was done on 247 more than 60 years old (137 males, 110 females) in north of Iran during 2012. In order to determine misbehavior, an elder ly questionnaire was filled for each subject. Results: The mean age of subjects was 68.8 ± 7.08 years. The prevalence of lack of attention, care, financial, authentic was 34.8%, 33.6%, 29.1% and 22.3%, respectively. The prevalence of psychological, physical, isolation and financial misbehavior were 26.7%, 26.7%, 2.6% and 21.9%, respectively. There was a significant relationship between income and marital status with misbehavior maner (P<0.05). Conclusion: Elderly misbehavior particularly lack of attention and care are more perevlant in northern Iran. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________


Mobicents Sip Servlets helps the users to create, deploy, and manage services and applications that integrate voice, video and data in real time over IP networks. These applications require high resources to run. Mobicents Sip Servlets has not offered a cloud support yet. Running Mobicents Sip Servlets in a cloud would allow the users to adapt the resources used by Mobicents Sip Servlets to the real time load of the applications. We have proposed a solution to migrate Mobicents Sip Servlets on a cloud platform. Our solution provides a set of cloud images that support the Mobicents Sip Servlets platform. Besides, our solution provides an auto-scaling algorithm that automatically scales the number of instances of Mobicents Sip Servlets. It is now possible to deploy SIP applications in a cloud and the platform will adapt its resource according to the need.


Developing higher military education (HME) is embedded in the overall development of modern armed forces. This development normally reflects adaptation to changes in the external strategic environment, changes in military technology and doctrine, and changes in the societal environment of the armed forces. While this is true for armed forces with an unbroken tradition, the pattern differs when a given military's development had been interrupted by historical events. This article will focus on the situation in Bosnia-Herzegovina (BiH), which constitutes a unique case in itself. The particular political situation in Bosnia-Herzegovina after the break-up of Yugoslavia, the ensuing war of 1992–95 and the General Framework Agreement on Peace ("Dayton Agreement") of December 1995 had led to a rather de-centralized state structure, with two largely autonomous political "Entities" that each kept the armed forces they had established during the war, leading to the de facto military division of BiH. Thus, when the West initiated a defense reform process in BiH in 2002, it aimed first at establishing state-level control over these armed forces (2003), and then at merging them into one single military force for the nation (2005), with other issues mostly put on the back burner. This was also the case with regard to military education. While a coherent system for the training and education of the now joint state-level armed forces of BiH would have been a key element for completing defense reform, it has not yet been established. There have been serious attempts, but up to this point they have failed. Thus, this article will:


Given a group of n patients, we can evaluate the similarity between their electroencephalograms (EEGs) by classifying them. 1. EEG segments of fixed length of each patient were picked randomly and transformed into the feature vectors. 2. A unique class name was given to the data of each single patient. 3. Two data sets for each patient were formed − training data and test data. Only the training data set was used to train a classifier. 4. Classification into n classes (number of patients) was performed by means of a single layer perceptron.


The generation of hydrophobic surfaces has gained considerable interest due to the potential applications in industry such as microfludics, lab on chip devices and coating for automotive, aerospace vehicles and home appliances. Ultra short laser machining/structuring is a promising technique to obtain the dual scale roughness on the metal surface which promotes the complex interfaces between solid-liquid-air, thus improving the wetting property of the surface.


A 48-year-old female patient took oral compound paracetamol tablets(II) 3 tablets for pain due to cold. She developed skin rash on her trunk accompanied by pruritus after 4 hours. Four days later, swelling, ulceration, and fever appeared on her whole body skin. The next day, she developed large area of the oral mucosal erosion, scattered erythema and flaccid blisters on her face, body, arms and legs, and partial exfoliation. The result of examination of Nikolsky′s sign was positive. Laboratory test showed the following values: white blood cell 8.1×109/L, neutrophils 0.76, platelet count 45×109/L, red blood cell 6.51×1012/L, alanine aminotransferase 161 U/L, aspartate aminotransferase 155 U/L, total protein 45 g/L, albumin 28 g/L, and globulin 17 g/L. The patient was diagnosed as epidermolysis bullosa, thrombocytopenia, and drug-induced liver injury. She was treated with oral loratadine 10 mg once daily, IV infusion of 10% calcium gluconate 20 ml, and dexamethasone 15 mg once daily. On day 5, the skin lesions relieved and dexamethasone was reduced to 10 mg once daily. An IV infusion of ceftazidime 2.0 g twice daily was given. On day 8, the oral mucosa erosion disappeared and skin rashes gradually subsided, the temperature declined to normal. The result of reexamination showed platelet count 225×109/L, alanine aminotransferase 92 U/L, aspartate aminotrans-ferase 45 U/L.

Key words:
Acetaminophen; Drug eruptions; Drug-induced liver injury


In the mid-late1990s, Bombay, Madras, and Calcutta were renamed as Mumbai, Chennai, and Kolkata respectively. While the official arguments of decolonizing and vernacularizing may have been valid in the years immediately following independence, the more recent attempts at creating a postcolonial urbanity that is vernacular require a deeper enquiry into the application of language to channel the politics of identity and order the geographies of the cities and their regions. Thus, the renaming of Madras as Chennai was one masterful stroke used to realise the triple objectives of establishing a Tamil identity, restoring the credibility of a rejuvenated local government, and a strategy of repackaging the city for neo-liberal investors. But the spatial repercussions that result from this tell a different tale: a tale of two cities, where Madras and Chennai continue to co-exist, albeit in an uneven geographic condition with polarized economic fortunes.


The aim of this study is to characterize XLPE dielectric strength corresponding to the angular anisotropy in extra high voltage (EHV) power cables. The angular anisotropy in EHV power cable is built up in the extrusion process and known as general fluid phenomena. The authors measured tensile strength as the angular anisotropy and then conducted electrical treeing tests using XLPE specimens. With needle-needle electrode system, the measured tree initiation voltage and time in accordance with the angular anisotropy showed distinctive values as the angular direction. From the results, it can be suggested that the angular anisotropy of XLPE insulation material must be considered as the additional factor that affect dielectric strength in EHV power cables.


By using ground meteorological data of 5 meteorological stations from 1971 to 2009 and sounding data in Kunming national basic station,precipitation variation and atmospheric water resource potential was studied. The results show that annual rainfall is 977. 9 mm in Dianchi Lake Basin; Since 2003,10-year running means of precipitation decreased; The atmospheric water resource in Dianchi Lake Basin has great potential. The potential of atmospheric water resource is more than 60% from May to October,the potential of atmospheric water resource is 23. 8%- 72. 3% from November to March of the next year.


A project that surveys six periodicals over the course of thirty-five years may seem overwhelming. What makes Faye Hammill and Michelle Smith's Magazines, Travel, and Middlebrow Culture: Canadian P...


Atmospheric particle properties were measured in the South Eastern coastal city of Wollongong, Australia, during an intensive field campaign known as Measurement of Urban, Marine and Biogenic Air (MUMBA), between 15 January and 16 February 2013. A scanning mobility particle sizer (SMPS) was operated to measure particle number size distributions ranging from 14 nm to 660 nm in diameter. Principal component analysis was applied to the entire data measured by SMPS and, based on strong component loadings (value ≥ 0.75), three size fractions (i) Small (NS) :15 nm < Dp < 50 nm, (ii) Medium (NM) :60 nm < Dp < 150 nm and (iii) Large (NL) :210 nm < Dp < 450 nm were revealed. The three size fractions described 89% of the dataset cumulative variance. The daily pattern of particle number size distribution revealed morning, afternoon and night peaks. Traffic emissions and marine aerosols were the major contributors of particles observed in the morning, when the NS fraction dominated. A mixture of marine aerosols and secondary aerosols from photochemical oxidation was the main contributor during the afternoon. The Port Kembla Steel Works and the urban areas were the major contributors of particles at night. Secondary organic aerosols were identified by a mass ratio of organic carbon to elemental carbon (OC/EC) of greater than 1, and this was commonly observed. A weak correlation (R = 0.3) between OC and EC indicated that there were multiple sources of both OC and EC. Particle formation and growth events were observed from particle number size distribution data in the range of 14 nm to 660 nm. Eight particle formation and growth event days were observed (four Class I and four Class II), which is equivalent to 25% of the total observation days (15 January to 16 February, 2013). The events occurred during the day, starting after 8:00 Australian Eastern Standard time with an average duration of five hours. The events also appeared to be positively linked to the prevailing easterly to north easterly sea breezes that carry pollutants from sources in and around Sydney. This suggests that photochemical reactions and a combination of oceanic and anthropogenic air masses are among the factors that influenced these events. However, no single factor could be identified that directly influenced these particle formation and growth events. Differential Slant Column Densities (DSCDs) and aerosol extinction were suc-


Current trends and data show that Electric Vehicle (EV) adoption has significantly increased in the past years in the developed world and will continue to grow towards a 23% market penetration by 2030. An important challenge hindering this mobility transition is range anxiety in direct connection to infrastructure constraints related to the availability, cost and ease of access to suitable charging options. Starting from the existing situation we tackle the issue of new Electrical Vehicle Supply Equipment (EVSE) station installation in urban areas. We present an optimization model that accounts for EV density, usage, battery, capacity and estimated waiting time i.e. user comfort as decision support tool for service providers and city planners. The output yields optimal positions for new EVSE installations by maximising operator profit, user convenience or a weighted balance between the two. Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP) is used as a technique to solve the optimization problem with CPLEX/Matlab implementation. The model is suitable for both offline and online running as well as for multi-time period evaluation under dynamic constraint adjustments. The results show the feasibility of our approach based on real data from publicly available repositories such as Plugshare and EV registration records.


The concept of all-dielectric nanoantennas operating in optical frequency domain is suggested. A huygens source consisting of a high-permittivity dielectric sphere excited by a point-like dipole is considered. We demonstrate that in addition to the electric resonance, the sphere exhibits a very strong magnetic resonance, resulting in a narrow radiation pattern, overall high nanoantenna directivity and radiation direction control. To verify the proposed concept experimentally we scale up the nanoantenna design to microwave frequency range. We find an excellent agreement between the experimental data and numerical results and verify directly high-performance characteristics of the all-dielectric antennas.


Shortly after breeding, 33 sows were allocated to three frequency of feeding treatments. The sows were fed either twice daily, once daily or on alternate days and remained on treatment until they farrowed. Serum free fatty acids (FFA) and glucose levels were determined at regular intervals. Piglets were taken from the sows at birth and piglet carcasses were processed for analysis of lipid content. Fluctuations occurred in the concentration of FFA between feedings and reached peak values shortly before each meal. Peak serum FFA increased (P < 0.05) during pregnancy. There were no significant differences between the three feeding treatments during the first and second trimesters for the levels of peak serum FFA or serum glucose. During the third trimester, alternate-day feeding of sows increased (P < 0.05) serum FFA and decreased (P < 0.05) serum glucose compared with the other two treatments. During the third trimester mean peak levels of serum FFA were 296 ± 42, 383 ± 43 and 904 ± 33 μeq/liter and serum g...


Dams filters are mainly designed using filter criteria based on the grain size distribution (Sherard & Dunnigan, 1985). This paper reports experimental results obtained on the soil-filter system behaviour subject to different hydraulic and geometrical conditions. A silt soil and three sandy gravels were used as the core and different filters (F1, F2 and F3), respectively. The objective of this study was to determine the effectiveness of the filter to protect the silt submitted to erosion under controlled water flow (horizontal and vertical configurations). Particles transport and filtration through each granular filter were analysed as regards to filter retention capacity, particles size selection and grains shape. This study was achieved by conducting a comparison of the behaviour of the three filters against the silt erosion. A comparison of the efficiency of the filters is assessed toward the required usual relationship criterion and the most appropriate for the dam filters.


The practice of democracy in achieving through the village head election , apparently store various dynamics, Where much power local appear and indicated its existence, Botoh Is one of the ways is as a Local Strongment, Botoh Then offering an interesting choice in the form of money's, To the community in order to support a candidate who support it, This in turn generated problems, because practices democracy that the requirements dnegan practices cheat.


tion, anaphora, antithesis, asyndeton, chiasmus, enallage, epanalepsis, epiphora, gemination, homoioteleuton, hyperbaton, hysteron proteron, climax, oxymoron, parechesis, parison, paronomasia, polyptoton, polysyndeton and zeugma. This very full list, with some surprising inclusions, goes a long way towards explaining the length of the book. The method of treatment is by systematic subdivision and quotation of individual examples. In a subject of this kind this is preferable to a statistical treatment, both because the divisions would be too small to yield sufficiently large numbers, and because the problem of proportion between the different authors would be almost insoluble. The main interest of the work must therefore centre on the discussion of the examples quoted, and on such general remarks on individual peculiarities and features of period and genre as the author is able to offer from the impressions he has obtained in the course of his vast and concentrated reading. In the latter category, some of the best material is to be found in the concluding sections (C and D) of the first part. The second part contains the main discussion of examples, and is wholly admirable. All possible combinations of repetition are considered, and many illuminating facts emerge, such as the relative infrequency of figura etymologica in lyric (p. 153). We are often reminded of the antiquity of figures which we tend to assign to the age of formal rhetoric, like the rhetorical question (p. 189).


The objective of this paper was to investigate the component of hight yield and super-high yield of wheat in the north and the south of Xinjiang.Scientists have found that there existed its difference between the north and the south of Xinjing.Their different order of sequence is as follows:The north of Xinjiang is spike number per mu grain per spikegrain weight;The south of Xinjiang is grain per spikespike number per mugrain weight.The increasing yield of about 550 kg per mu with the increasing spike,grain number and spike weight was considered as the key technique to improve sowing quality and to ensure the complete seedling and spikes.The way of increasing yield of about 600 kg per mu was to stabilize spike number per mu,to increase grains per spike,to increase 1 000-seed-weight.It revealed that the realization of the key technique was to improve population quality,to reduce inhibition of population to individuality to avoid lodging occurrence.


Objective To isolate, culture and identify the human pancreatic stem cells in vitro and to observe the potency of the cells to differentiate into endocrine cells of pancreatic islet. Methods Stem cells were isolated from the human fetal pancreas by enzyme digestion for transfer of culture in vitro . The potency and types of the cell differentiation were then identified by using the pancreatic stem cell marker cytokeratin 19 (CK 19), the pancreatic β cell marker insulin and the pancreatic α cell marker glucagons with immunocytochemical staining. Results The shape of human pancreatic stem cells cultured in vitro were fusiform. The cells grew slowly in the first week but then proliferated quickly. The cells could be used for subculturing in vitro after 3 weeks. The subcultured cells could be used for subculturing again after another 2 weeks and the cells were found to be of CK 19 immunoreactive positive. After induced differentiation, the cells formed the pancreatic islet like structures. Part of the cells were of insulin immunoreactive positive but few of them were of glucagon immunoreactive positive. Conclusion Human pancreatic stem cells can proliferate quickly, may be of multipotency and can be differentiated into β and α cells of pancreatic islet in vitro.


ABSTRACT 2-Furancarbinol 1 reacts with chlorotriethoxysilane 2, chloropropyltriethoxysilane 3, silicon tetrachloride 4 and phenyltrichlorosilane 5 to give ((furan-2-yl)methoxy)triethoxysilane 6, (3-((furan-2-yl)methoxy)propyl)triethoxysilane 7, ((furan-2-yl)methoxy)trichlorosilane 8 and ((furan-2-yl)methoxy)dichloro(phenyl)silane 9 respectively. By subjecting silane 6 to reaction with tripodal ligands 2, 2,′2″ -nitrilotriethanol 10, tris(2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)iminoethyl)amine 11 and tris(2-hydroxy-3,5-dimethylbenzyl)amine 12, novel silatranes 13–15 were obtained. Similarly, reaction of silane 7 with tris((2-hydroxymethylbenzylidene)aminoethyl)amine 16 and tris(2-aminoethyl)amine 17 yielded novel silatranes 18 and 19 respectively. The structures of all the compounds were established by spectroscopic (IR, 1H, 13C and 29Si NMR) techniques and the purity of the compounds was confirmed by elemental analyses and mass spectrometry. Graphical Abstract:


Perforative Peritonitis (J. S. M'Ardle, F.R.C.S., Dublin Journal of Medical Science, September 1888).?In discussing the pvobable cause of death in cases of perforation, Mr M Ardle comes to the following conclusions: The initial collapse of gastric perforation may be accounted for by shock, the subsequent gradual sinking being usually due to septic absorption, lhe early and prolonged prostration of intestinal perforation, especially when low down, may be accounted for by absorption of H2S, accompanied by shock, the fatal issue being of septic origin. In both, when the lr|testine is overloaded, the products of putrefaction may come into play, and add the symptom of early cardiac failuie. Now, 1 am correct in the views above put forward, they teacli a lesson 01 whic 1 Modern surgery has already commenced the study that is, that^the cause ot death is removable in those apparently hopeless cases. Buried Animal Sutures.?Dr Henry 0. Marcy, of Boston, in speaking of excision of the breast, suggests that the skin naps might


WHAT IS DO‐IT‐YOURSELF TRAINING? BASICALLY, IT IS NO MORE than a variant of on‐the‐job training. Let me hastily add, before your eyebrows rise in arch disapproval, that it often requires as much careful effort in its preparation as an equivalent off‐the‐job training scheme designed to fulfil the same purpose. But very often the results are astoundingly better.


Abstract : (1) Optimal Design of ARMA (IIR) filters with arbitrary number of poles and zeros from Impulse Response Data has been developed. The general criterion derived in this report has never been found before. (2) Optimal synthesis of two dimensional IIR filters using one dimensional modules have been developed. (3) Optimal design of a class of two dimensional IIR filters from spatial domain data has been developed. (4) Optimal identification of Multivariable systems from Impulse response data is given. (5) A Periodogram- based Maximum Likelihood estimator of Narrowband frequencies requiring only off the shelf hardware/software has been developed. (6) A faster Simulated-Annealing method has been developed and applied to frequency estimation. (7) A coherent one-step angles of arrival estimator of multiple broadband sources has been developed. Existing coherent techniques can not localize well separated sources in one step. (8) An Order-Recursive approach has been given for AR-Bispectrum estimation. (9) A Time-Delay-Neural Network has been trained with LPC coefficients for Phoneme/Vowel recognition. (10) Parametric Non-linear prediction algorithms have been introduced for the first time for speech prediction/synthesis/coding.


The process of raising African bishops in the Anglican Church in Malawi between 1924 and 2000 was a long one hampered by many setbacks. The basic obstacle was the missionary consideration that the Anglican episcopate was essentially an administrative position which required its incumbent to possess fairly good administrative skills. Since the Malawian clergy were not regarded as possessing such skills, they were excluded from higher positions. There was also a more general and fundamental weakness: the standard of education for the Malawian clergy was very low, which made them unfit to take up senior positions in the church. Yet this was not a weakness of their own making, but rather a legacy of their training background. More critically, there was a deepseated and widespread view that Africans were naturally less capable than their European counterparts. By much the same token, the UMCA's close association with the colonial state restricted the possibilities of extending the episcopate, itself symbolically identifiable with the colonial power, to Malawians.


Communication Complexity on a Delayed Channel We introduce a new communication complexity model in which we want to determine how much time of communication is needed by two players in order to execute arbitrary tasks on a channel with delay d. We establish a few basic lower and upper bounds and compare this new model to existing models such as the classical and quantum two-party models of communication. We show that the standard communication complexity of a function, modulo a factor of d/ lgd, constitutes an upper bound to its communication complexity on a delayed channel. We introduce a few examples on which a clever strategy depending on the delay procures a significant advantage over the naive implementation of an optimal communication protocol. We then show that a delayed channel can be used to implement a cryptographic bit swap, but is insufficient on its own to implement an oblivious transfer scheme.


In this paper, the concentration of nitrogen dioxide produced under the effect of the ionizing radiation from an optical-breakdown plasma center in air is calculated. The principal parameters of NO2 gas halo are obtained as functions of the laser pulse duration and intensity. It is noted that the halo with the increased concentration of nitrogen dioxide and oxygen ions around a plasma center has a significant effect on the time parameters of plasma radiation because it screens the plasma luminescent radiation in the visible spectral region.


Chlorophyll content is an important indicator to reflect drought resistance in plant. In order to study the drought resistance of maize hybrids and select the strong drought resistant maize hybrid used in agricultural production,seven maize hybrids were selected and planted in pot,placed in canopy,by controlling the watering to research effects of water stress on chlorophyll content and ratio of maize hybrids. The results indicated that the content of chlorophyll a and total chlorophyll,and the ratio of chlorophyll a and b in blossom period drought( they were 5. 464mg / L,7. 853 mg / L and 2. 286, respectively) were higher than that of in seedling stage drought( they were 2. 373 mg / L,4. 769 mg / L and 0. 990,respectively). In the different drought processing,seedling stage drought was conducive to improve chlorophyll b content. But chlorophyll content decreased significantly along with the prolonging of drought process time and the maturing of maize in blossom period drought. In different hybrids, both seedling stage drought and blossom period drought,chlorophyll content of Changcheng 706 was the highest( they were 8. 831,3. 705,12. 533 mg / L in seedling stage drought,and they were 12. 608,4. 277,16. 881 mg / L in blossom period drought),that of Changcheng 799,Nongdan No. 5, Beiyu No. 16 and Haihe No. 1 were the second,and that of Ludan8 and Huidan 4 were the lowest. But the chlorophyll a / b showed no significant change in seedling stage drought,in blossom period drought, as well as in different cultivars. Chlorophyll content can reflect the water stress sensitivity in different maize varieties,therefore,according to the varieties of chlorophyll content in the drought processing, Changcheng 706 had the strongest drought resistance,Changcheng 799,Nongdan No. 5,Beiyu No. 16 and Haihe No. 1 had stronger drought resistance,too,but Ludan No. 8 and Huidan No. 4 had poor drought resistance. The ratio of chlorophyll a and b had no significant difference among different hybrids. Chlorophyll content could be used as one of the indexes to select drought resistance of maize.


Total drilling activity increased 1.7% in 1959. 2,561 wells were drilled as compared with 2,520 wells drilled in 1958. Exploratory wells totaled 674, a decrease of 30.1% from the 964 the previous year. Development drilling during 1959 increased 7.6% to 1,683 wells as compared with 1,556 in 1958. Total oil production decreased 2% from 48,928,383 bbls. produced in 1958 to 48,197,523 bbls. in 1959. This decrease is due to a decline in exploratory drilling although the allowable days increased 0.88% from 10.16 days in 1958 to 10.25 days in 1959. Geophysical activity increased 8.7% in 1959 as compared with the year 1958. Subsurface geological methods were credited with 76.3% of the new discoveries.


The present invention relates to a printing method for the transfer of printing substance (2) from an ink carrier (1) to a printing substrate (6), wherein the outputs with the help of an energy-releasing apparatus, the energy during a processing time in the form of electromagnetic waves (3) printing substance (2) a volume and / or position change undergoes. To provide a printing method having an improved print quality, which requires significantly less energy for the printing of a print dot, but at the same time allows a high print speed at high resolution, and to provide a corresponding printing machine and a corresponding pressure substance is available, with the pressure process of the invention can be realized, the invention proposes that with the help of absorption bodies (4) energy of the electromagnetic wave (3) in the printing substance (2) is transmitted.


For over a decade, there have been reports of hepatitis B (HBV) reactivation following chemotherapy for malignancies. The magnitude of the risk depends on the presence or absence of HBV surface antigen in the blood. In this issue of Leukemia and Lymphoma, Liu et al. [1] report on a large group of patients (114 in number) with diffuse large B cell lymphoma who were known to be infected with HBV. These patients were given prophylactic antiviral treatment during and an average of 6 months after chemotherapy. The rate of reactivation was 21.7% in patients who were HBV surface antigen positive, while none of the HBV negative patients (who were positive for the anti-HBV core antibody) experienced reactivation. The World Health Organization estimates that 350 million or more individuals harbor chronic HBV infection, characterized by HB surface antigen (HBS antigen) in the blood. The distribution of these individuals ranges from51% HBS antigen positive in North American and Australia to 8–20% HBS antigen positive in China, Southeast Asia and tropical Africa, with Europe and Russia being intermediate in frequency.[2] Some infected individuals have so-called 'occult' infection, in which HBS antigen is negative in the blood, while the virus may still be present in the liver. Such individuals are positive for antibodies to the HBV core proteins, and specialized tests identify viral DNA in their bloodstream.[3] The issue of HBV reactivation has unfortunately been a murky one for hematologists. Much of the early literature was published in gastroenterology journals. It was only possible to confirm that 'occult' HBV infection actually existed when highly sensitive DNA tests were available.[3] Therefore, some cases of reactivation could have been mistakenly diagnosed as de novo infection. In addition, reactivation typically occurs several months after cessation of chemotherapy, when immune reconstitution has taken place. This is a period of time when the patient is not under close hematological follow-up and may not even be regularly monitored for liver function tests. In fact, viral DNA can be detected weeks prior to clinical rise in transaminases. Obviously, a clearcut set of guidelines is needed for identification, treatment and follow-up of patients at risk. Such guidelines have been published in the hematological literature.[4,5] The questions regarding HBV reactivation can be divided into several topics: which patients to screen, what types of chemo/immunotherapies require prophylaxis, which antiviral(s) to use and the duration of antiviral prophylaxis. However, it has been pointed out that, even on the basic subject of who should be screened, there is no consensus between influential organizations such as the Center for Disease Control (USA), the American Association of Liver Diseases, the American Society of Clinical Oncology and the National Comprehensive Cancer Network of the USA.[6] The reason for this, at least in part, is the dearth of controlled clinical trials to support recommendations. There have been clinical trials to support prophylaxis for HBV during and after chemotherapy, as was recently described in a meta-analysis demonstrating lamivudine efficacy.[7] However, most of the literature is composed of case series and therefore the publication of Liu et al. is important in the definition of the duration of prophylaxis