Objective To investigate the relationship between single nucleotide polymorphism(SNP) C1330T of syndecan-3(SDC3) gene and hypercholesterolemia,lipid profile in a Chinese rural population.Methods Hypercholesterolemia(HTC) was defined as serum total cholesterol equal to or more than 200 mg/dL.Genotyping for C1330T was completed by using PCR,restrictive enzyme digestion,and sequencing in 336 males(HTC 161,normal total cholesterol(NTC) 175),1491 females(HTC 935, NTC 556).Serum total cholesterol(TC),HDL-cholesterol(HDL-C),LDL-cholesterol(LDL-C),triglyceride(TG),glucose(Glu) level were measured.Results The significant difference of distribution of C1330T was observed between HTC and NTC in males.1330C was associated with HTC in men(odds ratios(OR)=1.42,95% confidence intervals(CI)=1.040-1.926,P 0.03),but not in women(OR=1.06,95%CI=0.92-1.24,P=0.41). After adjusted by age,body mass index(BMI) and other conventional risk factors,the association remained in men.For 1330C,there was a borderline statistically significant allele*gender interaction(P=0.0742).The association between C1330T and serum HDL-C,LDL-C level were observed in men.Conclusion The distribution of C1330T of SDC3 gene was associated with hypercholesterolemia,lipid profile in men.


In this paper we are going to introduce about the basic knowledge of artificial

intelligence like meaning of AI, factors of AI, basic areas where AI is used, basic algorithm

related to artificial intelligence and also discuss about some application of artificial

intelligence like Neural Network, Induction algorithm and Genetic algorithm. Constructing

the machines like human that can behave like human and perform activities like human is

nothing but artificial intelligence.

Now a days different companies and industries refers artificial machines instead of

human workers that machines can do maximum work than human and there is one time cost

of that machines. The doctors are now exploring the use of many things from IBM's Watson

supercomputer, to better take care of their patients.


ABSTRACT With the advancements in mobile phone technology and the increase in consumer use of wireless devices to access the internet, there is a need to explore the inevitable effect of these factors on mobile advertising. In this project, we presented commercial content on wireless devices, designed to represent various modality combinations (text, audio, and pictures) to test hypotheses based on cognitive load theory. Results showed that modality significantly affected subjects' perceptions toward and recall of the commercial content. However, modality did not affect perceptions of the mobile device itself, or influence behavioral intentions and attitudes toward mobile advertising on wireless devices. Behavioral intentions to use mobile devices were significantly predicted by consumer perceptions of content and of the device. Marketers can use these results to design more effective ads to be presented on mobile devices.


Aims. Lithium abundances for 19 metal-poor stars are determined using high-resolution spectroscopy. The abundances of stars on the lithium plateau are discussed. Methods. All abundance results are derived from NLTE statistical equilibrium calculations and spectrum synthesis methods. Results. In agreement with previous analyses it is found that excitation and de-excitation due to hydrogen collisions are negligible for the lithium line formation process, while charge transfer reactions are an important source of thermalization. However, the resulting NLTE effects on the determination of lithium abundances for metal-poor stars are negligible (<0.06 dex). Conclusions. The mean lithium abundance for stars on the lithium plateau determined from NLTE analyses is A(Li) ∼ 2.26, while it is 2.21 dex when charge transfer reactions are included. The latter result enhances the discrepancy between the observed lithium abundances and the primordial lithium abundance as inferred by the WMAP analysis of the cosmic microwave background. This discrepancy may be explained by metal diffusion.


The invention discloses black shoe polish. The black shoe polish is prepared from, by weight, 8-15 parts of paraffin, 10-20 parts of carnauba wax, 10-20 parts of turpentine oil, 8-12 parts of fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether sodium sulfate, 5-15 parts of nigrosine, 5-10 parts of lemon oil, 5-10 parts of dimethicone, 1-2 parts of tea tree essential oil, 1-3 parts of xanthan gum, 0.1-0.5 part of sodium dioctylsulfosuccinate, 0.05-0.1 part of pyrethrin, 0.05-0.1 part of luteolin and 40-70 parts of water. The black shoe polish has the effects of removing contaminations, resisting water, insects and molds and achieving sterilization and lucency, a leather shoe is soft, clean, moistened and free of oiliness after the black shoe polish is adopted, the service life of the leather shoe is prolonged, and the mechanical strength of the leather shoe is improved.


This paper expounds a series of personnel system reforms carried out in China Offshore Petroleum Company in recent years, and points out that through the personnel system reform, the competitive mechanism is introduced in the company, the relation between the enterprise and the personnel is totally socialized, and makes that the cadre is ready to accept a higher or lower post and that the personnel is ready to be employed or unemployed come true, solving the talent bottleneck problem really.


In planetary atmospheres, adsorption of volatile molecules occurs on aerosols prior to nucleation and condensation. Therefore, the way adsorption occurs affects the subsequent steps of cloud formation. In the classical theory of heterogeneous nucleation, several physical quantities are needed for gas condensing on a substrate like aerosols, such as the desorption energies of the condensing gases on the substrate and the wetting parameters of the condensed phases on the substrate. For most planetary atmospheres, the values of such quantities are poorly known. In cloud models, these values are often approximately defined from more or less similar cases or simply fixed to reproduce macroscopic observable quantities such as cloud opacities. In this work, we used the results of a laboratory experiment in which methane and ethane adsorption isotherms on tholin, an analog of photochemical aerosols, are determined. This experiment also permits determination of the critical saturation ratio of nucleation. With this information we then retrieved the desorption energies of methane and ethane, which are the quantitative functions describing the adsorption isotherms and wetting parameters of these two condensates on tholin. We find that adsorption of methane on tholin is well explained by a Langmuir isotherm and a desorption energy ΔFo = 1.519 ± 0.0715 × 10−20 J. Adsorption of ethane tholin can be represented by a Brunauer-Emmett-Teller isotherm of type III. The desorption energy of ethane on tholin that we retrieved is ΔFo = 2.35 ± 0.03 × 10−20 J. We also determine that the wetting coefficients of methane and ethane on tholin are m = 0.994 ± 0.001 and m = 0.966 ± 0.007, respectively. Although these results are obtained from experiments representative of the Titan case, they are also of general value in cases of photochemical aerosols in other planetary atmospheres.


We tested the effects of moderate physical exercise on the blood antioxidant capacity and erythrocyte lipid peroxidation in 21 Wistar albino rats. Erythrocyte superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity increased significantly (p<0.05) in control exercised animals (C-Ex), but catalase activity did not change. SOD activity was decreased by dietary supplementation of vitamin E (p<0.05). In vitamin E supplemented group (E-Ex), catalase activity was reduced in comparision to C-Ex group. Total glutathione (total GSH) level was unaffected by the exercise. However, significant reduction was observed in reduced glutathione (GSH), whereas oxidized glutathione (GSSG) increased (p<0.01 and p<0.001, respectively). In E-Ex animals, total GSH and GSH were increased in comparison to C-Ex group. GSH/GSSG ratio decreased abnormally in both exercised groups (p<0.001). Serum cholesterol and uric acid levels increased significantly after exercise (p<0.05). The susceptibility of eryhrocytes to in vitro peroxidation increased in C-Ex and E- Ex animals (p<0.001 and p<0.01, respectively). Elevated malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrtaion in serum attained statistical significance after exercise. However, this elevation was prevented by vitamin E supplementation. Our results indicated that moderate intensive treadmill running exercise was sufficient to result in muscle damage and increases in the susceptibility of erythrocytes to in vitro peroxidation. In addition, dietary supplementation of vitamin E is able to minimize oxidative damage caused by exercise.


In machine learning, k-means unsupervised model is used for classification analysis. In this paper k-means model is applied for productivity prediction of giant Western Siberian oilfield. An essential condition for method's application is availability of digital databases with representative results. Complex method allows combine different reservoir and production parameters: rates, porosity, saturation, frac parameters etc. The method can be particularly useful in complicated reservoirs, e.g. in dual porosity ones, where the relationship between formation parameters (permeability, porosity, saturation) and production rates is unclear and cannot be set by traditional development analysis, particularly in frac environment.


Poverty Reduction Strategies (PRSs) face impressive challenges in the poorest countries, the countries that most need skillful planning. Most commonly, PRSs are hindered by weak organizational capacity in government and the private sector, and by dependence on donors for finance and expertise, which undermines country ownership. In fragile states and situations, these challenges are augmented by weak public institutions, the predominance of elite-driven or neo-patrimonial governments, questionable political will and legitimacy to address deep-seated problems underpinning poverty, and sometimes lack of full government control of national territory. Conflict-affected countries, which are usually poor and fragile, face perhaps the most difficult challenges of all, adding unresolved conflict issues, militarization of society, and conflict-based and crime-based violence to the problems of other countries. Finally, large-scale violence makes previously poor states almost destitute. Violence exacerbates the challenges facing governance and development in poor countries across the board. In addition, many of the social and economic factors that drive violence in these countries are closely related to poverty. For PRSs, the aspects most crucially affected are country ownership, ability to forecast, and resources even to plan, much less implement, development strategies. Despite these difficulties, sixty-five low-income countries have developed or are preparing Poverty Reduction Strategy Papers (PRSP), and about twenty of these experienced violent conflict in the ten years before they published their PRSP. Other PRSs countries are considered fragile and at risk of violent conflict. For these countries, success or failure will depend on addressing and overcoming the challenges characteristic of conflict.


The reports of Valdez et al1 and Leibowitz et al2 mark the culmination of a landmark effort. Initiated over a decade ago, the Rand Health Insurance Experiment—the most ambitious and expensive randomized controlled trial ever conducted in health services research—was designed to produce estimates of the costs of various forms of national health insurance. Projected estimates of the costs of Medicaid and Medicare had been far too low and health policy experts hoped to obtain information that would prove closer to the mark in the (then) seemingly likely passage of some form of national health insurance.
 Although national health insurance has not materialized, the impact of medical care costs on utilization of services and health status is still of great interest. The amount of "cost-sharing" (medical costs paid by patients) has increased dramatically in public insurance programs, and many health policymakers favor increases in private insurance programs. The central question now, however, is how much of the cost burden can be borne by patients without inducing reductions in utilization that are harmful to health.
 The two papers1,2 in the May issue of Pediatrics reported on the impact of cost-sharing on children's utilization and health. The basic findings were similar to those for adults. In general, the higher the costs paid by families, the fewer the children receiving medical care and the fewer the services per user. The only exception was hospitalization of children aged 5 to 13, which was largely unaffected by cost-sharing; higher costs did appear to reduce hospitalization of younger children, as well as ambulatory care for children of all ages.


Accuracy prediction of the yield strength and displacement of reinforced concrete (RC) columns for evaluating the seismic performance of structure plays an important role in engineering the structural design of RC columns. A new hybrid machine learning technique based on the least squares support vector machine (LSSVM) and the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm is proposed to predict the yield strength and displacement of RC columns. In this PSO-LSSVM model, the LSSVM is applied to discover the mapping between the influencing factors and the yield strength and displacement, and the PSO algorithm is utilized to select the optimal parameters of LSSVM to facilitate the prediction performance of the proposed model. A dataset covering the PEER database and the available experimental data in relevant literature is established for model training and testing. The PSO algorithm is then evaluated and compared with other metaheuristic algorithms based on the experiment's database. The results indicate the effectiveness of the PSO employed for improving the prediction performance of the LSSVM model according to the evaluation criteria such as the root mean square error (RMSE), mean absolute error (MAE) and coefficient of determination (R2). Overall, the simulation demonstrates that the developed PSO-LSSVM model has ideal prediction accuracy in the yield properties of RC columns.


ABSTRACT The fates of 2,6-dichloro-1,4-benzoquinone (DCBQ) precursors were evaluated according to their formation potentials (FPs) upon chlorination during ozone/biological activated carbon treatment at two water purification plants (WPPs). DCBQ-FP levels in raw waters were 19 and 21 ng/L. DCBQ-FPs were slightly reduced by coagulation, sedimentation, and rapid filtration, but to < 8 ng/L by ozonation, in contrast to changes in absorbance at 260 nm and trihalomethane (THM)-FPs. DCBQ-FPs of water after sedimentation at WPP and secondary effluents at sewage treatment plants were decreased to a much greater extent than total THM-FPs at low ozone doses. Thus, ozonation is effective for removal of DCBQ precursors.


The hydrolysate of egg albumin contains cysteine (Mirsky and Anson, 1935). Denatured but unhydrolyzed egg albumin gives the nltroprusside test for SH (Hefter, 1907) and reduces the weak oxidizing agents glutathione and cystine, which presumably can oxidize only SH groups (Hopkins, 1925; Mirsky and Anson, 1935). No SH groups have hitherto been detected in native egg albumin. Native egg albumin does not give the nltroprusside test (Hefter, 1907). It does not reduce ferricyanide even at pH 9.6 (Mirsky and Anson, 1936 b). It does not reduce the still stronger oxidizing agent, porphyrindin at pH 7.0 (Greenstein, 1938). Similarly S-S groups (Walker, 1925) and tyrosine and tryptophane groups (Mirsky and Anson, 1936) which are detectable in denatured egg albumin are not detectable by the same tests in native egg albumin. The problem of why various groups appear in detectable form when egg albumin is denatured is one of the central problems of the theory of protein structure. The present experiments show that native egg albumin can react with iodine and iodoacetamide despite the fact that it does not react with ferricyanide and porphyrindin. They suggest further that the groups which react with iodine and iodoacetamide are either SH groups or are at least the groups which become SH groups when the protein is denatured. Quite apart from the theory of the iodine and iodoacetamide reactions it is of practical importance for experiments with enzymes and virus proteins to know that a protein of the egg albumin type which contains cysteine but which gives a nitroprusside test only when denatured can be modified by reactions of the native form of the protein with iodine and iodoacetamide.


Andrew Angel briefly reviews the work of Old Testament scholars on the mythological motif of God's battle with the dragon and the chaos waters. He also reviews works that touch on the existence of the motif in the period 515 BCE to 200 CE, noting the need for thorough survey of the motif in Hebrew literature of this period.There follows a study of forty-two Jewish and Christian texts (in Hebrew, Aramaic, Greek and Latin), which establishes the fact that this mythological motif was well known in this period. Angel makes suggestions as to how this might offer fresh insights into the meaning of apocalyptic visions and texts that appear to refer to a 'son of man' figure in this period.


Nanoflagellates were found to be abundant in a coastal area of the northern Bothnian Sea. The maximum concentration of nanoflagellates, approximately 8000 cells ml-1, was observed in July, coincidi ...


The background for psychomatic complaints in the adolescent patient can often be identified through an analysis of the fantasics of the youngster. Dependent upon the defenses, one may arrive at a diagnosis of a psychosis as against a psychoneurosis.


Patients with Covid‐19 respiratory failure present with hypoxemia, often in combination with hypercapnia. In this prospective, observational study we examined the effect of removing external dead space (DS) on CO2‐homeostasis in mechanically ventilated Covid‐19 patients. In addition, volumetric capnography was validated for its ability to estimate external DS volume using in vitro measured DS volumes as reference.


The present invention relates to modified cellulose nanofibers, characterized in that to neutralize the cationic cellulose nanofibers cationic groups in anionic additive. The present invention to a resin composition containing a molding resin and the modified cellulose nanofibers, and to a molded article obtained by molding the resin composition. The present invention relates to a method of manufacturing a modified cellulose nanofibers, characterized in that to neutralize the cationic cellulose nanofibers cationic groups in anionic additive.


Objective: This article aims to discuss the concept of awareness and educational practice in the evolution of thinking about education aimed at the popular class, in the works of Paulo Freire, with theoretical contributions for reflections on Brazilian political, economic and social factors, in the decades of 1950 – 1960.
Originality/contribution: The original article is anchored in a discussion by axes, where a historical period marked by intense transformations in the life of the popular classes is debated, when government investments in industry denoted an increase in rural-urban migration and the formation of a mass of illiterate workers in Brazilian cities.
Method:The research method listed for this study was a survey, systematization and bibliographic analysis, from descriptors close to the theme and determined period, using the tools of content analysis for the elaboration of the article.
Information strategy/data collection The collection of information was based on bibliographic surveys in Brazilian and foreign collections that dealt with the discussion about awareness and educational practices in the specific period.
Conclusions:As conclusions, it is observed that the changes that took place over the decades acted directly in the structuring of Paulo Freire's theory on education. As a criticism of the education given to workers, the concept of awareness and educational practice, were consolidated as the basis of Freirean pedagogy and are progressively developed and complexified in the author's works. The enunciated concepts offer subsidies to the current analyzes on the social function of the school and the human formation.


In condition of great difficulties were encountered during the English study of high-caliber athletes,a one-to-one English coaching experiment was conducted within 12 weeks to study the efficiency of such coaching for those athletes,and the test result indicated that such coaching method could efficiently improve their English level.It is suggested one-to-one coaching method be institutionalized for high-caliber athlets English study in universities,and other subjects may also adopt such coaching method with reference of English.


The paper consists of two parts: in the first one the author discusses two theoretical approaches to the interpretation of desecularization of the Serbian society. In the second part the author presents empirical data on the current religiosity of the citizens of Serbia based on the results of a systematic and representative sociological research study of religiosity of Serbian citizens conducted by the researchers of the Christian Cultural Centre in Belgrade in 2010.


Objective:The isokinetic double knee flexion and extension of 18 female junior high jumpers were measured.It tries to find out the biomechanics feature of knee flexion and extension in junior high jumpers and to provide the basis for sports training and scientific selecting material and rehabilitation.Methods:Isokinetic flexion and extension of knee joints were measured by Kintech Isokinetic System in female junior high jumpers.The peak torque(PT) of junior male sprint athletes reduced with the test speed increasing(60°/s to 240°/s) and the extensor stronger than flexor except 240°/s(P0.05).The peak flexors/extensors(F/E) of junior athletes tend to increase with the test speed increasing.The max power(MP) increased with the test speed increasing and in the same testing speed there are not significant differences in MP.There are not significant differences between right and left in MP(except extensor in 600/s);Angle of peak torque(APT) indicates angle of extensors are lower than flexors.There are not significant differences between right and left in APT;There is negative correlation between PT/BM and D/X in test speed of 240°/s.Conclusion:the changes of female junior high jumpers are the same with adults in the PT,but the work power capability of knee are faintness,so they must reinforce the speed strength of limb muscle flock training.


The article describes the Uman territorial community as a social community thanks to its extensive system of social institutions, the implementation of the best international practices, the constant expansion of the social welfare spectrum, the focus on the needs of every individual and the necessity to satisfy those needs according to state standards. At the same time, the community establishes a social protection system (social services and social security) for ATO/OUF participants and their families. For this purpose, four social protection programs for 2021-2025 period have been developed and approved for ATO/OUF participants and the families of the fallen (integrated health, welfare, social security programs, adaptation, psychological rehabilitation, vocational training (retraining) for the anti-terrorist operation participants, the families of the Heavenly Hundred, the victims of the Revolution of Dignity, and fighter - volunteers; housing provision for 2021-2025 period for the participants of the anti-terrorist operation/operation of the joint forces and volunteer fighters who participated in the protection of territorial integrity and state sovereignty in the East of Ukraine and for their family members; "Care" social assistance for 2021-2027; national-patriotic education for children and youth for 2021-2025); an Assistance Center has been established for the Participants of the Anti-Terrorist Operation; there has been established the division of military personnel adaptation, assistance for the participants of the anti-terrorist operation, deportees and labor migrants; benefits and social guarantees are provided to participants (utility reimbursement , free meals in preschool and secondary schools for children of ATO participants, rehabilitation in a summer health camp, provision of a one-time financial assistance, free public transportation within the city, purchase of cold water meters, free education for children of the fallen ATO participants in art schools, etc.), medical and psychological assistance is provided in "Harmony" Rehabilitation Complex for People with Special Needs, professional rehabilitation, sports rehabilitation, employment, informational and explanatory work, etc. are provided.


In this paper, based on the analysis of oil sludge composition and environmental hazards, the microwave catalytic pyrolysis of oil sludge for recovering combustible gas and chain hydrocarbon light oil disposal process, is proposed to perform the recycling of oil sludge and reduce the risk of environmental pollution. In order to improve the yield of combustible gas and light oil in oil sludge pyrolysis, the impact of adding four catalysts (nano-CuO, nano-NiO, nano-MgO, and nano-γ-Al 2 O 3 ) on the heating characteristics of oil sludge and the composition and quality of products during microwave pyrolysis, were experimentally studied and analyzed. The results show that the catalyst can increase the heating rate of sludge and the yield of pyrolysis oil and gas. The increasing order of heating is: nano-CuO > nano-γ-Al 2 O 3 > nano-MgO > nano-NiO > blank group. Compared with the blank group, the content of combustible gas (H 2 + CH 4 + CO) increases by 18.824wt% (MgO), 4.511wt% (CuO), 9.28wt% (NiO), and 16.164wt% (γ-Al 2 O 3 ), respectively. It can be deduced that nano-metal oxide catalysts, especially γ-Al 2 O 3 , can promote the decomposition of oil sludge, improve the content of low carbon straight chain hydrocarbons and alcohols, and improve the quality of pyrolysis oil products.


In the article (2), the conjugate Darboux-Protter prob- lem Dn is formulated for the two dimensional wave equation in the class of unbounded functions and the uniqueness of solutions has been established. In this paper, we shall show the existence of solu- tions for the hyperbolic equations with Bessel operators in another special case.


Objective:To study the cryopreservation effect of HCA- I kidney preservation solution in preserving canine kidneys. Methods:The preservation effect of HCA- I solution was compared with those of UW solution and HC-A solution in the isolated perfused canine kidney model. After cold preservation,histological changes and biochemical indices of kidneys were analyzed. Then autotransplantation was performed and kidney function changes were studied. Results : After 48 h and 72 h cold preservation, histological changes,biochemical functions in HCA- Ⅱ group were better than those of HC-A group (P 0. 05), but had no significant difference from those of UW group. The indices of the 3 groups were similar within 24 h cryopreservation. pH values in HCA- I group were markedly higher than those in HC-A group with cryopreservation (P0. 05). Conclusion: The effects of 48 h and 72 h cryopreservation of canine kidneys with HCA- I solution are better than those of HC-A solution, similar to those of UW solution.


AlGaN/GaN HEMTs with sapphire substrate have been measured and numerically simulated considering self-heating effects. A complete DC performance was realized to extract the main electrical parameters with the aim to obtain a proper characterization of the sample. Afterwards, an accuracy and simple methodology has been established to determine the device thermal resistance with other possible substrates, Si, SiC and Mo, which are more suitable due to their lower thermal conductivity. Finally, we modify a compact model for AlGaN/GaN transistors to include the extrinsic resistances obtained from numerical simulations with all substrates.


A phenomenological approach is proposed to allow for the influence of adhesion on the rate of heating of thin films exposed to laser radiation. It is found that the adhesion determines the mechanism of damage to thin films in the advanced damage threshold regime. Conditions for which the melt rolling mechanism of damage to thin films predominates in the advanced damage threshold regime are determined.


In this paper, we further the study of -compactness a general- ization of quasi-H-closed sets and its applications to some forms of continuity using -open and -open sets. Among other results, it is shown a weakly -retract of a Hausdor space X is a -closed subset of X.


We present here the system size dependence of balance energy for semi-central and peripheral collisions using quantum molecular dynamics model. For this study, the reactions of Ne20+Ne20, Ca40+Ca40, Ni58+ Ni58, Nb93+Nb93, Xe131+Xe131, and Au197+Au197 are simulated at different incident energies and impact parameters. A hard equation of state along with nucleon–nucleon cross-sections between 40 and 55 mb explains the data nicely. Interestingly, balance energy follows a power law ∝Aτ for the mass dependence at all colliding geometries. The power factor τ is close to $-\frac{1}{3}$ in central collisions, whereas it is $-\frac{2}{3}$ for peripheral collisions suggesting stronger system size dependence at peripheral geometries. This also suggests that in the absence of momentum dependent interactions, Coulomb's interaction plays an exceedingly significant role. These results are further analyzed for nuclear dynamics at the balance point.


OBJECTIVE
To assess the amount of healthcare risk waste generated by health establishments in Saudi Arabia

METHODS
A healthcare waste management questionnaire was applied in 27 hospitals, and 16 primary health centres and clinics. The total quantity of healthcare risk waste collected in 24 hours in each of these establishments was weighed. Calculations were carried out to get hospitals rate of healthcare risk waste generation and primary healthcare centres risk waste generation. The total national estimate of healthcare risk waste production in kilograms/year for the whole health establishments in the Kingdom was then calculated.

RESULTS
The mean hospital healthcare risk waste rate of generation was 1.13+/-0.96 kg/bed/day. The mean primary healthcare centres and clinics healthcare risk waste rate of generation was 0.08+/-0.08 kg/visitor/day. The estimated mean amount of all healthcare risk waste generated in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is 25,207 tons/year.

CONCLUSION
Healthcare establishments in Saudi Arabia produce healthcare risk waste. Much care is given by the responsible authorities for the management of that type of waste. A program is being established to formulate standards for healthcare waste management


Objective To evaluate the significance of CT perfusion in 46 patients with lung neoplasms.Methods A prospective study was undertaken in patients with pulmonary nodules using cine dynamic scan of MSCT. They were histologically proven as peripheral lung cancer in 23 cases,central lung cancer in 6 cases,tubercle in 7 cases,lung abscess in 3 cases,unspecific inflammation in 3 cases,inflammatory pseudotumor in 1 case,aspergilloma in 1 case and hamartoma in 2 cases. The diameter of lesions was 2-7 cm (mean 4 cm) for malignancy and 2-5 cm (mean 3 cm) for benignancy. Using 8-row detector spiral CT,cine scan was performed with 5 mm slice thick /4 slices,1 second scan time per circle,40 s acquisition time and 120 kV,80 mA. Total 50 ml contrast medium (300 mgI/ml) was administered at a delay 5.6 s and a rate of 4 ml/s from forearm superficial vein with hyperbaric injector. The CT data were transferred to a workstation and analyzed with a CT perfusion 2-body tumor software. The parameters of CT perfusion include blood flow (BF),blood volume (BV),mean transit time (MTT) and permeability surface (PS).Results In patients with lung cancer,BF,BV,MTT and PS of the lesions were (38.7±31.9) ml/(min·100 g),(10.1±4.2) ml/100 g,(21.8±10.8) s and (47.3±22.3) ml/(min·100 g).When BV≥6 ml/100g was set as a diagnostic threshold,the sensitivity,specificity,positive predict values and negative predict values were 100%,64.7%,82.9% and 100% respectively. When PS≥30 ml/(min·100g) was set as a diagnostic threshold,the sensitivity,specificity,positive predict values and negative predict values were 86.2%,88.2%,92.6% and 79% respectively.Conclusion BV and PS measured by CT perfusion might be as parameters of diagnosis of lung cancer.


Titles in the Complete series combine extracts from a wide range of primary materials with clear explanatory text to provide readers with a complete introductory resource. This chapter explains the meaning and significance of the rule of law, briefly tracing the history of the rule of law and considering the main similarities and differences between various theories of the rule of law. It then assesses the impact of recent legal reforms on the operations of the rule of law in the UK. These reforms include the extension of detention without trial; the developing body of anti-terror legislation; and the Constitutional Reform Act 2005, which reinforces the importance of the independence of the judiciary and puts measures in place to attempt to strengthen the separation of the courts from the other arms of the state. Finally, the chapter discusses judicial interpretation of the rule of law through a selection of cases that have examined the legality, irrationality, or procedural impropriety of the actions of the executive or public bodies and whether their actions conform to the Human Rights Act 1998.


Mass balance assessments of the East Antarctic ice sheet (EAIS) are highly sensitive to changes in firn thickness, causing substantial disagreement in estimates of its contribution to sea‐level. To better constrain the uncertainty in recent firn thickness changes, we develop an ensemble of 54 model scenarios of firn evolution between 1992 and 2017. Using statistical emulation of firn‐densification models, we quantify the impact of firn compaction formulation, differing climatic forcing, and surface snow density on firn thickness evolution. At basin scales, the ensemble uncertainty in firn thickness change ranges between 0.2 and 1.0 cm yr−1 (15%–300% relative uncertainty), with the choice of climate forcing having the largest influence on the spread. Our results show the regions of the ice sheet where unexplained discrepancies exist between observed elevation changes and an extensive set of modeled firn thickness changes estimates, marking an important step toward more accurately constraining ice sheet mass balance.


Today we live in a society where gender plays an important role in many respects. From the moment we are born, we are being socialised into traditional gender roles, which portray expectations abou ...


We surveyed public health utilization of or the basic reproduction number, which appraises the speed at which an illness is fit for spreading in a population. In this manner, processing these esteems by math modeling is examined in detail


The ability of intestinal mucosal cells to concentrate alpha-methylglucoside l-lysine and l-leucine was studied in an attempt to measure more precisely the activity of the jejunal transport systems for glucose and both neutral and acidic amino acids during cholera. Jejunal mucosa biopsies were obtained from adult patients hospitalized for cholera and were used for this study. Biopsies were obtained both during and after acute cholera-induced diarrheal episodes. Paired studies in 7 patients were performed. In general tissue accumulation of the 3 compounds studied was similar during diarrhea and after recovery. Mean values for 1-lysine were 4.3 during acute phase and 4.9 on recovery (P. > 2) for l-leucine l5.9 during acute diarrhea and 17.6 at recovery (P. > 6) and for alpha-methylglucoside 24.9 at acute stage and 19.8 cpm/gm of tissue on recovery (P. > 2). Microscopic examination of tissues showed no correlation between histologic grade and ratio of substrate distribution. In sum the ability of intestinal mucosal cells from the jejunum of adult Bengalis to concentrate a given substrate was remarkably similar among patients was unaffected by cholera and was similar to values reported in normal occidental volunteers.


Potassic feldspars from the Central Rhodope amphibolite-facies metamorphic rocks between the Rivers of Vâča and Čepelarska have been studied. They comprise orthoclases, intermediate microclines and maximum microclines distributed regularly across the stratigraphic section, as follows: I) orthoclases dominate the metamorphic rocks in the lower part of the section (the Široka Lâka, Varbovo, Ljaskovo and Posestrimo Formations) affected by migmatization processes; 2) orthoclases grading into intermediate microclines prevail in the incumbent Dobralâk Formation, and 3) intermediate and maximum microclines characterize the Bačkovo Formation higher up the section. The potassic feldspar structural changes from the lower to the upper stratigraphic levels with ordering increasing even among the monoclinic feldspars reflect primarily the temperature variations across the section at the time of formation or during later periods of thermal action. The temperature variations derived from the study of potassic feldspar structural states are compatible with estimates based on the garnet-biotite geothermometer: 800-600°C for the metamorphic formations affected by migmatization; 550-500°C for the Dobralâk Formation; and 450-400°C for the Bačkovo Formation. The evidence gained in this study on the distribution of Ba, Sr and Rb both in the potassic feldspars and in the host metamorphic rocks reveals it as reflecting largely the primary premetamorphic relations between these elements. The Bačkovo Formation leptitoid gneisses and the constituent potassic feldspars show a well defined fractionation of Rb against Ba and Sr similar to that in acid magmatic differentiates, thus suggesting a magmatic origin.


Heavy metals contamination of global environment arises from natural sources directly or indirectly from anthropogenic activities such as rapid industrialization, urbanization, energy generation, improper waste management and other local anthropogenic sources. Phytoremediation is a green emerging technology used to remove pollutants from environment components. Phytoremediation, an emerging cost-effective, non-intrusive, and aesthetically pleasing technology, that uses the remarkable ability of plants to concentrate elements and compounds from the environment and to metabolize various molecules in their tissues, appears very promising for the removal of pollutants from the environment. Within this field of phytoremediation, the utilization of plants to transport and concentrate metals from the soil into the harvestable parts of roots and above ground shoots, i.e., phytoextraction, may be, at present, approaching commercialization. Due to its great potential as a viable alternative to traditional contaminated land remediation methods, phytoremediation is currently an exciting area of active research. This paper highlighted the sources and effects of heavy metals. The paper also discussed the meaning, concept, advantages, and limitations of phytoremediation.


The spatial layout of urban villages seriously affects the living environment and integrated development of urban and rural areas. Using digital means to assist in the reconstruction of urban villages is necessary and urgent. This study built an urban renewal framework for intelligent building planning with a proposed multi-party collaborative pattern. First, villagers' needs, and relevant standards and regulations were merged into planning requirements, which were formulated into planning goals and criteria. With the quantitative goals and criteria, building planning and design algorithms were developed. Furthermore, the method was verified to achieve an intelligent layout of buildings. Finally, under certain conditions, the average difference between the plot ratio calculated by the program and the actual plot ratio was 0.02, and that between the building intensity calculated by the program and the actual building intensity was 0.02. Within 11.43 hectares, 500 buildings were generated with a total floor area of 27.72 hectares, and the average time taken for scheme generation was 10 s. This method can efficiently generate a plan similar to the actual floor area ratio and building density and optimize the problem of insufficient spacing. Moreover, adjusting the parameters can automatically generate a variety of schemes that can support the layout design of rural buildings.


An image processor that corrects image signals corresponding to sub-pixels which form one pixel, includes: a shift amount storage section that stores shift amounts of display positions of display sub-pixels corresponding to the sub-pixels which form a display pixel using a predetermined reference position within a display image as a reference position; a frequency analysis section that analyzes a spatial frequency of an input image and outputs an analysis result; and an image signal correcting section that performs correction processing of image signals corresponding to the sub-pixels, which form each pixel of the input image, on the basis of the analysis result and the shift amounts, wherein the image signal correcting section performs different correction processing according to the spatial frequency.


Distributed business‐critical systems are often implemented using distributed messaging infrastructures with increasingly stringent requirements with regard to resilience, security, adaptability, intelligence and scalability. Current systems have limited ability in meeting these requirements. This paper describes advances in adaptive security, security metrics, anomaly detection and resilience, and authentication architecture in such distributed messaging systems.


The question of chemical and biological change arises during fractionation of complex liquids into simpler chemical mixtures for toxicological evaluation and analysis. The more polar material is expected to be chemically most susceptible to modification in the common chromatographic or acid/base/neutral extractive separations. The methods in use at ANL have been examined for balance of both mass and mutagenic activity, with special attention given to the most-polar fractions from the coal oils. In general, the losses of mutagenic activity are somewhat larger than the losses of mass, averaging about 25% activity loss per fractionation step, with the largest losses occuring after acid/base/neutral partitioning. However, these losses cannot as yet be correlated with particular chemical classes.


Abstract Eighteen new rare earth-rich intermetallic phases RE10TCd3 (RE=Y, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Lu; T=Rh, Pd, Ir, Pt) were obtained by induction melting of the elements in sealed niobium ampoules followed by annealing in muffle furnaces. All samples were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction. The structures of four representatives were refined from single-crystal X-ray diffractometer data: ordered Co2Al5 type, P63/mmc, a=951.2(1), c=962.9(2) pm, wR=0.0460, 595 F2 values, 20 parameters for Er10RhCd3; a=945.17(4), c=943.33(4), wR=0.0395, 582 F2 values, 21 parameters for Lu9.89PdCd3.11; a=964.16(6), c=974.93(6) pm, wR=0.0463, 614 F2 values, 21 parameters for Y10Ir1.09Cd2.91; a=955.33(3), c=974.56(3) pm, wR=0.0508, 607 F2 values, 22 refined parameters for Dy9.92IrCd3.08. Refinements of the occupancy parameters revealed small homogeneity ranges resulting from RE/Cd, respectively T/Cd mixing. The basic building units of the RE10TCd3 phases are transition metal-centered RE6 trigonal prisms (TP) that are condensed with double-pairs of empty RE6 octahedra via common triangular faces. A second type of rods is formed by slightly distorted RE3@Cd6RE6 icosahedra which are condensed via Cd3 triangular faces. The shortest interatomic distances occur for RE–T, compatible with strong covalent bonding interactions. Temperature dependent magnetic susceptibility measurements were performed for RE10RhCd3 (RE=Dy–Tm, Lu), RE10IrCd3 (RE=Er, Tm, Lu) and RE10PtCd3 (RE=Y, Lu). While Y10PtCd3 and Lu10TCd3 (T=Rh, Ir, Pt) show Pauli paramagnetic behavior, the compounds containing paramagnetic rare earth elements show Curie-Weiss behavior (the experimental magnetic moments indicate stable trivalent RE3+) and magnetic ordering at low temperatures: TC=80.5 K for Dy10RhCd3 and Neél temperatures of 42.1, 23.3, 12.6, 5.9, 10.0 K for Ho10RhCd3, Er10RhCd3, Er10IrCd3, Tm10RhCd3, Tm10IrCd3, respectively.


One of the most important relationships in constitutional law is that between two concepts at the heart of the American legal system: property and speech. Yet despite increased scholarly attention, the relationship remains largely mysterious. Does property simply enable speech acts, or can it have its own expressive content? And what kind of "property" is important to speech—places and things, formal legal entitlements, or social norms? This short Article and the longer piece on which it is based attempt to explain why those questions matter, and to offer some tentative answers.


Measurement of 3 dimension structural displacement with wide range and high precision is needed in the manufacturing process of large airplanes.For the displacement measurement requirement of airplanes and other great engineering structures,a videometric system of structural displacement was designed and implemented.The system adopted several digital cameras to take photos of the cooperative mark-points located on the frame and wing of the tested airplane from different directions,the parameters of the cameras were calibrated before the test,the image sequences acquired by the cameras were analyzed in real time during the test,the 2-dimension coordinates in the images of the mark-points were detected and tracked.Based on the camera's parameters and mark-points' 2-dimension coordinates,the 3-dimension coordinates of the mark-points were calculated,then the displacement and deformation of the structure were obtained,the 3-dimension results were visually provided,and the displacement curve was examined.The test results showed the standard deviation of system's displacement measurement error is less than 1 mm,and the relative error is less than 1%.The system was used in the wing displacement measurement of a specific airplane,and the efficiency and precision of the measurement were improved.


Abstract : An initial survey was conducted to identify variables affecting call- processing efficiency in a tactical communications environment from tape recordings of live switchboard traffic obtained at operational sites in South Vietnam. The collected data were analyzed to furnish specific information regarding traffic composition, average call-processing times, and operator efficiency.


We present short-term results of cementless total hip arthroplasties (THA) in the aged. 36 consecutive patients (38 hips) who underwent THA from March 1999 to December 2001 were enrolled in the study. The subjects were 80 years old or above, and the mean age was 84.0 years (range 80 to 95 years). There were 33 women and 3 men. Primary THA was 35 hips and revision THA was 3 hips. Preoperative diagnosis was 21 cases of osteoarthoritis, 5 rapidly destructive coxarthropathy, 9 fracture, and 3 necrosis of the femoral head. The mean follow-up period was 15 months (6 to 36 months). We evaluated clinical and roentgenographic results. Two patients had thigh pain. They started walking execises in postoperative 6.5 days. All cases were defined as bone ingrowth fixation. There were no roentogenographical loosening and sinking. We concluded that short-term results of cementless THA in the aged is an efficacious treatment.


Steady current differential protection is the currently most commonly used practice for series compensated transmission lines.The current differential protection criteria for transmission lines at home and abroad are summarized,and their sensitivity in series compensated transmission lines,as well as the influence of system impedance and the degree of series compensation on protection sensitivity are analyzed.Analysis shows that the steady state of current differential protection may refuse to move for lack of sensitivity.The improvement algorithm of current differential protection using steady current can effectively solve this problem.The simulation of 500kV series compensated ultra-high voltage transmission lines in Sichuan grid with PSCAD/EMTDC software has verified this conclusion.


HighlightsWe developed and evaluated a variable-rate irrigation (VRI) management method for five crop years in the Mississippi Delta.VRI management significantly reduced irrigation water use in comparison with uniform-rate irrigation (URI). There was no significant difference in grain yield and irrigation water productivity between VRI and URI management.Soil apparent electrical conductivity (ECa) was used to delineate irrigation management zones and generate VRI prescriptions.Sensor-measured soil water content was used in irrigation scheduling.Abstract. Variable-rate irrigation (VRI) allows producers to site-specifically apply irrigation water at variable rates within a field to account for the temporal and spatial variability in soil and plant characteristics. Developing practical VRI methods and documenting the benefits of VRI application are critical to accelerate the adoption of VRI technologies. Using apparent soil electrical conductivity (ECa) and soil moisture sensors, a VRI method was developed and evaluated with corn and soybean for five crop years in the Mississippi Delta. Soil ECa of the study fields was mapped and used to delineate VRI management zones and create VRI prescriptions. Irrigation was scheduled using soil volumetric water content measured by soil moisture sensors. A center pivot VRI system was employed to deliver irrigation water according to the VRI prescription. Grain yield, irrigation water use, and irrigation water productivity in the VRI treatment were determined and compared with that in a uniform-rate irrigation (URI) treatment. Results showed that the grain yield and irrigation water productivity between the VRI and URI treatments were not statistically different with both corn and soybean crops. The VRI management significantly reduced the amount of irrigation water by 22% in corn and by 11% in soybean (p = 0.05). Adoption of VRI management could improve irrigation water use efficiency in the Mississippi Delta. Keywords: Soil electrical conductivity, Soil moisture sensor, Variable rate irrigation, Water management.


Context: Engineering outreach programs are common activities run by universities that aim to educate and enthuse prospective students about engineering. Despite outreach efforts, women remain vastly underrepresented in electrical engineering. It is possible that changes to traditional outreach programs to specifically target female incentives and misconceptions could increase female interest and enrolment in electrical engineering, and this will be investigated based on findings in relevant literature regarding the factors that have been found to influence female participation in engineering. Purpose: The purpose of this research is to assess the effectiveness of targeted enhancements to an existing year 8 engineering outreach program, with the aim of increasing female interest in electrical engineering. Approach: High school students attending the outreach program were separated into six groups of 50 students. Groups received slightly different variants of a starting presentation, based on factors considered to be significant in the literature. Qualitative surveys before and after the program indicated the impact of the program for increasing enthusiasm and eagerness for electrical engineering, and provided insights into the differences between females and males in terms of what may attract or deter them from electrical engineering. Results: Female participants indicated they were considerably more likely to pursue streams of chemical and environmental engineering than males. Both females and males were most strongly attracted to the hands on work in electrical engineering. Females indicated the next two most appealing aspects of electrical engineering were the challenge and teamwork. Females initially had less understanding of electrical engineering than males, and significantly less interest in pursuing electrical engineering, but the workshop significantly increased female interest in electrical engineering. The presentation emphasising socio-economic benefits of electrical engineering was most well received by all females, followed by the presentation providing insight into studying electrical engineering at university. Conclusions: The findings supported prior research that females seem to have less awareness of what engineering is than males, but the outreach program effectively helped to narrow the gap between females and males, increasing female understanding and as a result increase female interest and likelihood to pursue engineering. The findings also reinforce that females seem more attracted to degrees and career paths where the social and environmental benefits are most evident. Outreach programs should attempt to emphasise the role of engineers in terms of the positive impacts to society and the environment engineers have in the modern world. Hands on work was the most enjoyable aspect of electrical engineering for both females and males in this context. The aspects of teamwork and challenging but achievable work appealed strongly particularly to female participants, who also responded positively to presentations about studying at university and examples of collaborative projects and social events. Whereas males were more attracted to the technical side and responded positively to presentations about the diverse options as an engineer and industry insights.


The article considers the influence of the Orthodox Church on various aspects of parishioners' everyday life: family relations, child-rearing, calendar, leisure, dietary pattern. The analysis of a great amount of archival data shows that the lack of parishioners' knowledge of Orthodoxy fundamentals was compensated by performing repeated everyday religious actions.


Perovskite solid solutions based on the system Bi(Zn1/2Ti1/2)O3–NaNbO3 were obtained via solid-state processing techniques. The crystal structure and ferroelectric phase transitions were studied by means of X-ray diffraction and dielectric measurements. A stable perovskite phase was obtained for Bi(Zn1/2Ti1/2)O3 substitutions up to 10 mol %. The dielectric characterization revealed that as the Bi(Zn1/2Ti1/2)O3 content increased, the transition temperature decreased and the transition peak became very diffuse. The polarization hysteresis loop and strain measurements presented evidence of an induced ferroelectric phase with 1 mol % Bi(Zn1/2Ti1/2)O3 substitutions. The planar coupling factor (kp) for 0.01Bi(Zn1/2Ti1/2)O3–0.99NaNbO3 was measured to be 0.28. In addition, with the substitution of Li for Na in the Bi(Zn1/2Ti1/2)O3–(Na1-yLiy)NbO3 system, the diffuseness of the transition peak decreased and the transition temperature increased.


Twenty four 10-week old crosses of (New Zealand White X Chinchila) rabbits was used to determine relative palatability differences in leaves of Calopogonium mucunoides (Calopo), Elaeis guineensi (Oil palm), Musa sapientum (Banana) and Andropogon gayanus (Gamba). Centrosema pubescens (Centro) was included as control. Significant diferences (P 95 %) toMusa sapientum (RPI > 70 %) and Andropogongayanus (RPI > 40 %). The preference of Oil palm leaves to Banana leaves according to the RPI ranking in this study is an interesting observation from the study. Keywords : Forage plants, Relative palatability, Rabbit Animal Research International Vol. 4 (1) 2007 pp. 608-610


"Tebokan" was the history of jenang production processes that was visualized on cultural carnival. It was one of the place where the relationship of religious traditions and the myth of local society became a new spirit to increase the economy of the community. This research was based on interpretative perspective to religious behaviors such as done by Clifford Geertz. Therefore this research used qualitative method. This study found the cultural illustrations where the relationship of myth, religious tradition, and the social structure was able to activate spirit of productivity in the Kaliputu Society as a central of jenang Production in Kudus. Both of these systems of meaning were able to present three important spirits, those are innovative, identity affirmation, and work ethic.


Synthetic and mechanistic aspects of nucleophilic replacement of fluorine in fluorobenzenes, fluoropyridines and fluoroquinolines by phosphanyl and arsanyl groups via their reactions with R 1 R 2 EMMe 3 (E = P, As; M = Si, Sn; R 1 , R 2 = Me, i-Pr, t-Bu, Ph, etc.) reagents are considered.


Backgroud: Teenagers' and young adults' values and beliefs on sexuality, motherhood and abortion are determined by a multiplicity of factors of individual nature and of sociocultural order. Objectives: Analyze if the sociodemographic, affective, sexual and reproductive variables, influence values and beliefs about sexuality, motherhood and abortion on higher education students. Methodology: Quantitative, descriptive-correlational and transversal study, with a sample of 641 students (average age of 20.62 years old, sd± 2.145 years old), female (64.9%). The investigation's protocol was the questionnaire that allowed characterizing the sociodemographic, affective, reproductive and sexually sample. Yet including the Values and Beliefs on Sexuality, Motherhood/Fatherhood and Abortion scale (Serene, Loyal & Maroco, 2009). Results: Male students manifest more beliefs on terms of motherhood, reproduction. Female students reveal more beliefs when it comes to affection, abortion and pleasure. Residents in urban areas manifest more beliefs when it comes to motherhood. Residents in rural areas have more beliefs and values toward reproduction, abortion. 2nd year students revealed more values and beliefs toward motherhood and reproduction. 1st year students manifested more values and beliefs to affection and pleasure. 3rd year students revealed more values and beliefs towards abortion. That are dating and that have already begun their sexual life obtained more beliefs in all dimensions, especially when it comes to values and beliefs toward pleasure. The ones that don't use any kind of contraceptive method obtained higher values when it comes to motherhood, reproduction, abortion and values and beliefs in general, whereas the ones that use contraceptive methods obtained more in affection and in pleasure. Conclusion: The results suggest the need to debate the questions on motherhood, abortion and sexuality with young adults, in context of higher education, in order to enable them to the informed decision making, thus contributing to the promotion of sexual and reproductive health.


This article describes and discusses a stamped sealing found at Middle Chalcolithic Tel Tsaf (5th millennium BCE). This is the earliest stamped sealing found in the southern Levant. The article describes the object, as well as its petrographic composition, find-spot and parallels. Furthermore, the artefact's implications for the rise of administrative practices in the Levant during the protohistoric periods are discussed.


Lhasa region's special natural environment makes a unique form of regional folk house. Because of the external culture influence, the form of traditional folk house is continuous improvement. The traditional independence Tibetan folk house is reducing in the Lhasa city. In this situation, the author and his research team had surveyed and tested different types folk houses in the Lhasa city and surrounding areas. Through comparing the spatial characteristics among the traditional Tibetan folk house, contemporary Tibetan folk house and contemporary unit resident building, and this paper analysis the problems faced by each folk house in the development process and extracts the successful experiences from them. That can be used to guide future local residential architectural design.


Trash has become the object of political and environmental concerns: How can we produce less waste? How can we recycle refuse? German and Dutch speaking countries are particularly mindful when dealing with trash. Each item requires brief analysis before it is sorted: should it be recycled, remolded, recirculated, or discarded? That seemingly straightforward process of separating trash is entrenched in awareness and judgments regarding the intrinsic value of the items which are being sorted. More recent research on value constructs in relation to trash was influenced by Michael Thompson's Rubbish Theory (1979): trash depicts what is being discarded, and at the same time something that may be reused, reinvested, revalued. Examining German and Dutch Studies through the lens of the trash analogy will allow us to further explore attitudes and opinions within these fields and understand how objects of inquiry such as tropes, linguistic features, etc. are circulated, thrown away, or reclaimed in the studies related to the German and Dutch speaking world. Our conference aims to examine literal and metaphorical trash as it pertains to German and Dutch Studies. The questions that can serve as a starting point for a reflection on trash in German and Dutch Cultural Studies, Literature, Linguistics, and Second Language Acquisition include, but are not limited to:


Introduction: Human anatomy is being taught now by cadaveric dissection. In echocardiorpahy, which is dynamic and realtime cardiac study, students can be taught gross cardiac anatomy as well as basic cardiac physiology. Aim: To compare the conventional teaching method of cardiac anatomy and physiology in a cadaver to the innovative teaching method in live beating heart by echocardiography and to ascertain the efficacy of two methods from students point of view. Methodology : Preclinical medical students from our medical college were chosen for this study. First they were taught cardiac anatomy and physiology by conventional didactic methods. Later they were taught the same in a live beating heart by echocardiography. By means of questionnaire they were asked to compare the two methods of learning cardiac anatomy and physiology. Results: It was observed that the study of cardiac anatomy and physiology by live, real-time, dynamic echocardiographic study was better appreciated and understood by majority of students (89.6%). Conclusion: In order to make budding doctors better and efficient physician, radiology should be incorporated at all semesters of MBBS course-like anatomy, physiology, pathology, clinical medicine etc. The feedback received from the students will be helpful in further refinement of


The Kuiseb Formation is a flysch-like quartz-plagioclase-mica schist succession with quartz-rich and mica-rich layers and forms the upper unit of the Swakop Group in the Damara Orogen. It is the only stratigraphic unit in most of the Okahandja Lineament Zone and the structurally asymmetric highpressure-low-temperature Southern Zone; in these two zones, it occupies, together with intrusive granite, a volume of about 160 000 km3 . The average composition in the Okahandja Lineament and Southern Zones lies between averages for shale and grcywacke. An excess of K20 over Na20 distinguishes the succession from most greywackes and implies a granitic/rhyolitic source area. Three groups of samples are distinguished on the basis of maturity index; northern and southern groups increase in maturity southwards. The central group is associated with a 350 km-long linear belt of ocean-floor basic volcanic rocks and is distinctly less mature. The Kuiseb Formation sediments appear to have been derived from several sources. The central and southern groups of samples formed during a spreading phase in a relatively narrow Damaran ocean and are associated with passive margin sediments. The northern group of samples appears to overlie the central and southern groups, was derived from a rhyolite-rich magmatic arc to the north that is now represented by the granite-rich Central Zone, and was deposited in a forearc basin bordering an active continental margin during closure of the Damaran ocean and northwestward subduction of the Kalahari Craton beneath the Congo Craton. The contact between spreading phase Kuiseb and the overlying fore-arc deposits has been obliterated by two intense transposition cleavages that formed during two phases of isoclinal folding and culminated in extensive thrusting along the leading edge of the subducting continent, the Southern Margin Zone. The relationship between Southern Zone and Southern Margin Zone bears similarities to that between a fore-arc basin and subduction complex. These fore-arc deposits in the Okahandja Lineament and Southern Zones must be younger than lithostratigraphic equivalents in the Northern and Central Zones.


British English education in India has exerted profound impacts on Indian society.Maxist dual mission of the doctrine leads us to the right track of understanding the guiding concept.We can not neglect its the hiding despicable purpose,because of its positive impact and we can not deny all the impacts because of the evil colonial rule.In the process of development of civilization, only by keeping an eternal open mind and learning the advantages from other civilizations can we have a steady development.


The development of domestic plant specific emission factors is very important to estimate reliable national emissions management. This study, for the reason, was carried out to obtain advances emission factor for Carbon Dioxide (CO₂) by source-specific emission tests from the iron and steel industry sector which is well known as one of the major sources of greenhouse gases (CO₂). Emission factors estimated in this study were compared with those of IPCC for evaluation and they were found to be of similar level in the case of CO₂. There was no good information available on CO₂ plant specific emission factors from the iron and steel industry in Korea so far. The major emission sources of CO₂ examined from the iron and steel manufacturing precesses were a hot blast stove, coke oven, sintering furnace, electric arc furnace, heating furnace, and so on. In this study, the concentration of CO₂ from the hot blast stove process was the highest among all processes. The CO₂ emission factors for a ton of Steel and Iron products (using B-C oil) were estimated to be 0.315 CO₂ tonne (by Tier 3 method) and 4.89 CO2 tonne. In addition, emission factor of CO₂ for heating furnace process was the highest among all process. Emission factors estimated in this study were compared with those of IPCC for evaluation and they were found to be of similar level in the case of CO₂.


This study is about working capital management practices by the Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in Ghana. The objectives of the study include inventory management practices, cash management practices and trade receivables management practices by the SMEs. The study involves both primary and secondary data. The primary data was collected from fifty (50) owners and operators of SMEs in Ghana. The respondents were selected using convenience sampling to answer the questionnaire. The secondary sources were the information gathered from books and previous studies and other valuable materials relevant to the study. Microsoft excel was used for the computation and subsequent analysis of the data collected from the respondents. Cash management-the study revealed that these SMEs do not manage the various elements of their working capital properly. It was found that operators of SMEs do not apply efficient inventory management, cash management and trade receivable management. The study recommended that the SMEs should redesign efficient inventory management system; appropriate cash management and trade receivable order to effectively and efficiently manage working capital. Case Study Donkor; BJEMT, 10(3): 1-12, 2015; Article no.BJEMT.19332 2


The novel "Doctor Zhivago" written by the winner of Nobel prize Boris Pasternak describes the historical events during the revolution and civil war in Izhevsk. The writer used to work in Izhevsk as a clerk, and it was here that he made up his mind to devote himself to literature. His chief of that time was Boris Zbarsky who worked in Izhevsk at prerevolutionary years, and who embalmed the corpse of the first Soviet premier Vladimir Ulianov Lenin in 1924. The origins of many plots of the novel and their relation to Izhevsk are analyzed. Search of plotlines with using worked through methods allows author to reconstruct the history of E. Pugachev's revolt in the neighbourhood of Izhevsk. At the same time, the author uses both the historical sources and materials collected by Russian famous poet A.S. Pushkin.


Good investment decisions require a feel for the relationship between risk and reward. Tree espacement is often approached from a purely horticultural perspective with a view to maximizing tons of production per hectare as early as possible. In this paper a simple model is developed which allows the financial impact of different tree espacements to be examined by setting off establishment, maintenance and production costs against future income streams for different economic scenarios. Results are presented for a set of horticultural and economic assumptions and the efficacy of the model in aiding investment decisions is demonstrated.


An extension of the "Generalised Beam Theory" (GBT) is employed to investigate the buckling behaviour of thin-walled lipped channel FRP columns, beams and beam-columns, fabricated by pultrusion and displaying a special kind of orthotropy. The GBT equations are used to identify the relevant (local and global) buckling modes and determine the corresponding bifurcation stress values. The influence of loading, material and geometrical parameters on the member buckling behaviour is assessed by means of a number of parametric studies. Special attention is paid to aspects related to the occurrence of local plate, distortional and flexural-distortional buckling modes.


This study was performed in the district of Aveiro, northern Portugal. The studied old mining area is located around 20 km northeast of the city of Aveiro in the drainage area of the Caima Rive ...


The interest in rural tourism has increased over the last twenty years in Europe, and its annual rate of development is now almost twice that of traditional coastal tourism. Public bodies therefore see rural tourism as an important development strategy for disadvantaged areas: it creates revenus and offers new employment opportunities; it promotes the development of local infrastructures and facilitates exchanges and synergies between urban and rural area, and finally, it has a multiplying effect on small-scale local investments. In particular, the European Union (which is paying increasing attention to activities promoting the development of tourism) has done all it can to aid the spread of rural tourism in disadvantaged areas by intervening indirectly through Purifind Operational Programmes (POP), as well as in a more direct and immediate way by means of the community initiative 'Liaisons entre Actions de Developpement de l'Economie Rurale' (LEADER). This was created in 1991 (for a three year term, and then reproposed for the period 1994-99) with the aim of promoting rural development in the disadvantaged rural areas of the EU whilst supporting and safeguarding the economy and local culture, and rural tourism has been the widespread activity of the 217 Local Action Groups (LAG) responsible for the individual programmes making up the LEADER initiative, and accounted for almost half of this 1991-1993 budget


In this paper ,effect of holding temperature stirring speed and duration on mechanical properties and microstructures of semi solid ZA27 alloy was investigated. Good properties and microstructures can be obtained while holding temperature is kept between 470 ℃~480 ℃,and stirring duration around 10 min~15 min. If the stirring is strengthened the microstructures and properties can be improved futher.


In 1980, the diagnosis of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) was established to recognize that exposure to events such as rape, physical assault, torture, or combat can leave long-lasting psychological scars in persons who undergo these experiences. The intention of the diagnosis was to acknowledge that exposure to a traumatic event was a sufficient explanation for the occurrence of longterm psychological problems. Prior to this formulation, stressful events were thought to precipitate symptoms that would resolve over time. The symptoms manifested by persons following adverse events were characterized as transient adjustment reactions. Longerterm symptoms were considered to be a reflection of underlying neurosis, rather than stress exposure per se. The diagnosis of PTSD provided a paradigm for acknowledging that exposure to devastating trauma can produce symptoms that can be quite severe and chronic in nature. Although many of the symptoms of PTSD were similar to those that occur in other anxiety or mood disorders, the hallmark of PTSD appeared to be a preoccupation with the traumatic event and a resultant set of behavioral changes that occurred because of attempts to avoid reminders of the event.


Abstract The jet grouting method for soil improvement represents an innovative geotechnical alternative for problematic soils when the classic foundations' designs cannot be appropriate, sustainable solutions for these soils. This study's methodology was based on producing column models using a low-pressure injection laboratory setup designed and locally manufactured to approximate the field-equipment operation. The setup design was inspired by the works of previous researchers, where its functioning was validated by systematically performing unconfined compression tests (UCTs). Two soil improvement techniques were investigated, one by low-pressure injection of a mixture of water and ordinary Portland cement (OPC) with 0.8, 1, and 1.3 W/C ratios. The other type uses silica fume (SF) as a chemical additive with 10% of the cement weight added to the water and cement mix with 1, 1.3, and 1.6 W/C ratios. The study revealed that the UCT results of SF column model samples were higher than those of OPC with an equal W/C ratio. For each binder type, the UCT sample results increase with a decrease in the W/C ratio.


Objective To discuss the clinical effects about periocline sent to treat the mandibular third molar pericoronitis.Methods To choose 96 cases who treated with pericoronitis in our department from May 2010 to May 2012,96 cases were randomly divided into two groups,the experiment group of 50 patients was treated with periocline after conventional partial flushing,and the control group of 46 patients was treated with the teeth Kang.The curative effect was observed after 2~3 days.Results The effective rate was 92.00% in the experiment group while 76.09% in the control group,P 0.05,and the difference was statistically significant.Conclusion Periocline is effective in the treatment of the mandibular third molar pericoronitis,and periocline has certain advantages.


A significant database of simultaneous measurements of NO2 column amounts and aerosol optical properties has recently become available that permits partitioning between aerosol and gaseous absorption. The aerosol column absorption optical thickness, (AAOT) was inferred from the measurements of global and diffuse atmospheric transmittances by a UV-Multifilter Rotating Shadowband radiometer (UV-MFRSR), calibrated using AERONET CIMEL sun-sky radiometers. The NO2 column amounts were measured using a double-Brewer MK III spectrometer (#171) operated in direct-sun mode using a new 6-wavelength retrieval algorithm. Ancillary measurements of column particle size distribution and refractive index in the visible wavelengths (by AERONET sun-sky almucantar inversions), ozone (by Brewer) and surface pressure constrained the forward radiative transfer model input, so that a unique solution for AAOT was obtained in each UV-MFRSR spectral channel. In fall-winter months with typically dry conditions and low aerosol loadings, the NO2 absorption represented a significant source of error in aerosol absorption measurements. This was confirmed by UV-MFRSR AAOT retrievals at 325nm, where the NO2 absorption cross-section is only half the value at 368nm. Thus, the NO2 correction not only reduces AAOTs obtained from traditional aerosol remote sensing techniques (shadowband or Cimel sunphotometer), but also is capable of changing the spectral dependence of aerosol absorption, which could result in an incorrect interpretation of aerosol composition. To further confirm these findings, a new UV-MFRSR instrument was modified by adding a 440 nm channel to provide spectral overlap with AERONET AAOT inversions in the visible wavelengths.


Abstract To find an optimal balance between accuracy and model transparency in fuzzy systems modeling, a novel approach based on the non-dominated sorting fireworks optimization algorithm (NSFOA) is proposed in this paper. The FOA is a new swarm intelligence algorithm mimicking the explosion of fireworks, which could be used to tune the parameters and optimize the structure of fuzzy systems with high effectiveness and correctness. At each iteration of the NSFOA algorithm, all individuals are sorted based on fast non-dominated sorting and crowding-distance evaluation, and the multiobjective fitness functions consider the aspects of both interpretability and accuracy contemporaneously. Subsequently, the individuals with better transparency and accuracy are selected for the next generation. The proposed NSFOA algorithm is applied to the second-order non-linear system and the Iris benchmark problem, and the experimental results demonstrate that our method leads to comprehensible fuzzy models with remarkable accuracy.


EVERY SOLUTION generates its own set of problems. Dramatic improvements in survival rates for childhood cancers have come with a price: a host of so-called late effects of therapy. With increasingly sophisticated therapeutic protocols, oncologists are finding ways to lessen the chances of these effects. Meanwhile, they say that practitioners can play an important role in reducing the impact of at least some of these sequelae. Delayed consequences of cancer therapy can affect nearly any organ system, often in subtle ways, so that patients may "report new complaints which may not be perceived to be related to their cancer," Robert L. Baehner, MD, said at an American Academy of Pediatrics meeting in San Francisco. Baehner is chair of the Department of Pediatrics at the Children's Hospital of Los Angeles. Range of Effects The effects range from growth hormone deficiency, scoliosis, and dental abnormalities to IQ deficits, gynecomastia, cardiac, reproductive, renal,


Undergraduates' addiction to Internet not only affect study,but also affect the health of body and mentality.College,family and society should collaborate together.One united society of culture was generated by us.


Integrated GPS/GLONASS systems are used to improve the accuracy and reliability of Single Point Positioning(SPP).In this paper,the GPS/GLONASS and other navigation systems are first briefly introduced.Then,the SPP algorithm with integrated GPS/GLONASS systems is investigated,and the numerical experiment is performed by using the real data of LHAZ IGS station.The result indicates that the SPP accuracy of integrated systems is better than that of individual system.


Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate various application methods and drugs on the achievable homogeneity of the filling in the introduction of a calcium hydroxide paste in the root canal. Furthermore, the investigation for two different sizes of the root canal preparation should be done.Materials and Methods: For the experiments 160 ready-made root canal models were used, which were checked before use on the apical movement rate . Subsequently , the randomized distribution of the sample preparation according to the sizes of 35 and 45 were devided into two main groups (n = 80) , which were divided in four subgroups (n = 20 ). The respective 80 artificial root canals of the two main groups were standardized to the size 35 and prepared up to size 45 .
The prepared root canal models were filled with various drugs and methods for each of the size 35 and 45. The first subgroup has been filled with Hypocal and then compressed with a cotton pellet. The second subgroup was filled with Hypocal, which was then distributed with a paper point in the channel, refilled with Hypocal and finally compacted with a cotton pellet. The application method of the third subgroup corresponds to the method of the first group, but Ultracal was used as the drug. The fourth subgroup was equivalent to the second subgroup filled with Ultracal.
The root canal models were x-rayed and evaluated using a scoring system by two calibrated examiners. The results were evaluated by a nonparametric rank methods for longitudinal data for the criteria of "completeness of filling", "quality in the apical region", "over-pressing", "bubble size" and "filling of the apex". Furthermore, pairwise comparisons of the application methods "Hypocal / cotton pellet", "Ultracal / cotton pellet", "Hypocal with compression by a paper point" and "Ultracal with compression by a paper point" for multiple testing adjusted according to Tukey. The tests were carried out separately for the sizes 35 and 45. Results: It was demonstrated that no drug-application combination generally ensures a complete, non-overpressed and bubble-free filling in all criteria. Furthermore, it was shown that the best significantly filling quality was achieved by a three-time application of the calcium hydroxide paste followed by compression with a cotton pellet. There was no significant difference between both calcium hydroxide pasts regarding the filling quality.
Conclusion: The best filling quality was achieved regardless of the drug after 3 repeated applications of calcium hydroxide and subsequent compression with a cotton pellet.


REFERENCES ' Flood, T. M., Brink, S. J., and Gleason, R. E.: Increased incidence of type I diabetes in children of older mothers. Diabetes Care 1982; 5:571-73. 2 Ehrlich, R. M., Walsh, L. J., Falk, J. A., Middleton, P. J., and Simpson, N. E.: The incidence of type I (insulin-dependent) diabetes in Toronto. Diabetologia 1982; 22:289-91. 3 Wagener, D. K., and Kuller, L. H.: Increase in prevalence of IDDM with maternal age. Diabetes 1982; 31:100A. 1 Barbosa, J. J., Bach, F. H., and Rich, S. S.: Genetic heterogeneity of diabetes and HLA. Clin. Genet. 1981; 20:1-8.


This paper introduces an improved HMM (hidden Markov model) for low altitude acoustic target recognition. To overcome the limitation of the classical CDHMM (continuous density hidden Markov model) training algorithm and the generalization ability deficiency of existing discriminative learning methods, a new discriminative training method for estimating the CDHMM in acoustic target recognition is proposed based on the principle of maximizing the minimum relative separation margin. According to the definition of the relative margin, the new training criterion can be equation as a standard constrained minimax optimization problem. Then, the optimization problem can be solved by a GPD (generalized probabilistic descent) algorithm. The experimental results show that the performance of the algorithm is significantly improved compared with the former training method, which can effectively improve the recognition ability of the acoustic target recognition system.


Abstract : The logistics support structure of the U.S. Army has evolved continuously in order to provide efficient and effective support to Army forces. Logistics officers are critical in providing decisions that allocate support to Army forces. In the past, these logistics officers specialized in one of three basic logistics branches: Transportation, Ordnance or Quartermaster. Recent developments in doctrine, organizational change and technology require logisticians to understand the entire combat service support system. This monograph examines whether the U.S. Army should consolidate the officer corps of the Transportation, Ordnance and Quartermaster Corps into one multifunctional branch. This monograph analyzes changes in: logistics doctrine, organizations, technology, and historical analysis of the efforts of other organizations to consolidate elements of there combat service support structure. This analysis will determine whether the conditions exist that support the formation of a multifunctional logistics officer corps and if this action can provide added efficiency to the U.S. Army. The Army could consolidate the officer corps of the Transportation, Ordnance, and Quartermaster corps into a Multifunctional Logistics Officer Corps to gain efficiency in combat service support. The recent changes in doctrine, organization and emerging technology indicate that logistics officers are performing in this role now. Conducting the consolidation could combine resources of the three branches and result in a training program that would result in thoroughly trained multifunctional logisticians at the tactical, operational and strategic levels.


This chapter argues that after Husserl, the elastic motion of time was taken one step further by Martin Heidegger (1889–1976). For Husserl, the ontological primacy of time emerges as an a priori condition of time consciousness and thus results in the radical multiplicity of the temporal field, initially discovered by Kant. Heidegger, however, discovers the pure elasticity of time itself as an ontological process. For Heidegger, primordial phenomenological time is not successive. Time does not exist, but this does not mean that it is an illusion and being is eternal. This chapter looks at this theme in the work of Heidegger and Derrida.


We present a detailed beyond-mean-field analysis of a weakly interacting Bose gas in the crossover from three to low dimensions. We find an analytical solution for the energy and provide a clear qualitative picture of the crossover in the case of a box potential with periodic boundary conditions. We show that the leading contribution of the confinement-induced resonance is of beyond-mean-field order and calculate the leading corrections in the three- and low-dimensional limits. We also characterize the crossover for harmonic potentials in a model system with particularly chosen short- and long-range interactions and show the limitations of the local-density approximation. Our analysis is applicable to Bose-Bose mixtures and gives a starting point for developing the beyond-mean-field theory in inhomogeneous systems with long-range interactions such as dipolar particles or Rydberg-dressed atoms.


Energy-saving block wall with invisible multi-ribbed frame is a new structural system,characterized by low weight,high strength,saving energy and good seismic performance.The force transferring characteristics in the wall are different from those in normal concrete members,which are the key points of design method for the structure.Nonlinear FE program Ansys was adopted to simulate six 1/2-scale models of the energy-saving block walls with invisible multi-ribbed frame under low-cycle lateral loading.The failure mode,the bearing capacity and the distribution of reinforcement stress were studied.The simulated results were compared with the test and the feasibility of FE method was validated.


I. INTRODUCTION II. THE ARGUMENT THAT THE DECISION NOT TO PURCHASE HEALTH INSURANCE IS NOT TO BE TREATED AS AN ECONOMIC ACTIVITY BECAUSE IT IS NOT CONNECTED TO ECONOMIC RISK-TAKING SHOULD BE REJECTED AS A DENIAL OF ECONOMIC REALITY AT THE PRACTICAL INTERACTIVE MARKETPLACE LEVEL III. ON NOVEMBER 14, 2011, THE SUPREME COURT DECIDED TO HEAR A CASE FROM FLORIDA OBJECTING TO THE INDIVIDUAL MANDATE AS AN UNCONSTITUTIONAL VIOLATION OF THE COMMERCE CLAUSE: WHY THE SUPREME COURT SHOULD REVERSE THAT CONCLUSION IV. CONCLUSION I. INTRODUCTION In an effort to protect the national economy from the economic burden created by the expanding cost of healthcare, congress enacted legislation under the commerce clause (1) to compel or mandate specific people to engage in the economic activity of purchasing health insurance. (2) On June 28, 2012, four months after the primary focus of my Article was written, the Supreme Court held in National Federation of Independent Business v. Sebelius (3) that the federal mandate to buy private health insurance in the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA) is an unconstitutional exercise of the power of congress to regulate commerce. The individual mandate violates the commerce clause because it does not regulate existing commercial activity. (4) The mandate compels individuals to become active in commerce by buying a product, on the basis that their failure to do so affects interstate commerce. (5) Interpreting the Commerce Clause to allow Congress to regulate individuals specifically because they are doing nothing would release a new and potentially unlimited domain to congressional authority. (6) PPACA's compulsion that particular individuals pay a financial penalty for not acquiring health insurance may reasonably be described as a tax. (7) Since the Constitution authorizes such a tax, it is not the role of the Supreme Court to forbid it, or to decide its wisdom or fairness. (8) Because the Federal Government does not have the power to command people to buy health insurance under the commerce clause, Section 5000A's individual mandate is not a valid exercise of the Commerce Power by Congress. However, Congress does have the power to impose a tax on those without health insurance and, therefore, the individual mandate is a valid and constitutional exercise of the power of Congress under the Taxing Clause. (9) The Obama administration contends the individual mandate is "absolutely intertwined" with PPACA provisions prohibiting insurers from rejecting applicants as well as prohibiting insurers from taking into account an applicant's pre-existing conditions. (10) The fundamental focus of this Article is whether the decision not to buy individual health insurance as required by congress also qualifies as valid economic activity under the Commerce Clause. This question before the Court continues the modern battle regarding the scope of Congress's power under the Commerce Clause, and the battle regarding the regulation of economic activity continues, irrespective of the Supreme Court decision regarding PPACA, because of the continuing impact of the Supreme Court's holding in United States v. Lopez. (11) In Lopez, the Court held that because a Gun Free School Zone Law went beyond the scope of Congress's power under the Commerce Clause, it was unconstitutional. (12) In a dissenting opinion in Lopez, Justice Souter correctly warned that it would be a serious mistake to think of the Supreme Court's holding as an insignificant event in Commerce Clause law. (13) Justice Souter appropriately articulated a position saying that the holding in Lopez could be the foundation for a substantial rollback of the commerce power that could endanger a world of federal commerce power, which his generation had continuously experienced. (14) However, Professor Richard Primus argues that the day of the big commerce clause rollback has not come. (15) From both a doctrinal and political perspective, all the drama regarding the Supreme Court's applicability of the Commerce Clause to PPACA is about whether now is the right time for the federal judiciary to rollback the commerce clause power of Congress. …


Conjoint behavioural consultation (CBC) is an indirect form of service delivery in which parents and teachers are joined together in a collaborative effort to meet the academic, social, and behavioral needs of children. The purpose of this study was to illustrate the utility of CBC as a method of supporting the inclusion of 2 students with emotional and behavioral disorders (EBD) in mainstream classrooms. A case study design with replication across participants and a follow-up phase was employed to assess the effectiveness of an evidence-based intervention (self-management) delivered in the context of the CBC model. Results indicated a significant increase in teacher ratings of behavioural control (on-task and compliant behavior) from baseline to treatment. Positive treatment effects were maintained at a 4-week follow-up. Norm referenced measures produced statistically reliable and clinically meaningful changes in teachers' perceptions of disruptive behavior following treatment. Parents and teachers indicated satisfaction with consultation services and viewed CBC as an acceptable and effective model of home-school collaboration and shared problem-solving. The findings are discussed in relation to the limitations of the study, and to future research directions and implications for practice.


A calling method using communication integrated system including the relay server 300 in connection with CIS server 10 and the two or more CIS server that is part of a plurality of communication means and a connection is cell-bound and a plurality of communication networks, (a ) transmitting an optimum communication path calculation request signal from the CIS server to the relay server; (B) a step of calculating an optimal communication path between the user based on the weight of the relay server provides preset it to the CIS server in response to the request signal; And (c) performing the above CIS server call connection between the communication means of the user in accordance with the best communication path to the calculated; call method using the integrated communication system comprising: a.


Hospitals need not control ACOs. There are clinically integrated IPAs and PHOs that could easily become ACOs, and 50 to 75 other physician-led organizations are on the same path. Among these entities is the Beacon IPA of Manhasset, NY. Formed last summer, the IPA already has about 200 physician members, and the IPA's long-term goal is to become clinically integrated and ready for whatever healthcare reform brings, including ACOs.


ABSTRACT Insect parasitoids are small or as large as the host to parasite and off the host. The research was conducted in lowland rice planting area in North Minahasa regency. Research purposes to determine the type and parasitoid populations on rice crop pests in sub Kauditan, Talawaan, and Dimembe. The research was done by sweeping using insect net swing of 20 times on the location of paddy rice crops, sampling is done three times at intervals of two weeks representing all phases of rice growth was identified in the laboratory and then analyzed descriptively. The results showed that the insect parasitoid found was of the Order Hymenoptera and Diptera and in different types and each sub-population, namely, District Kauditan there are 19 types, 19 types Talawaan, and Dimembe13 types. Parasitoids Telenomus spp. average of 6.5 tail in Kauditan, Dimembe 4.5 tail, while the tail Talawaan 3.6 Apanteles sp. average of 6.5 in sub Dimembe tail, Talawaan 6 tails, and tails Kauditan 3.8. Keywords :Parasitoids, Hymenoptera, Diptera, Rice plants