Abstract does not appear. First page follows.
 Bacterial diseases of conifers are exceptionally rare; as far as we know only two
 have been reported in the literature to occur naturally on twigs, branches, and upper
 stems of members of the family Pinaceae, and both of these are probably produced by the same organism.
 In 1888 Vuillemin,(3)4 isolated an organism from galls occurring on twigs of Pinus halepensis Mill. and named it Bacterium pini Vuill. In 1911 Von Tubeuf(2) isolated what he considered to be the same organism from galls on twigs and branches
 of Pinus cembra L. Several attempts were made by Vuillemin and by later investigators to produce
 the disease by inoculating with pure cultures of B. pini and by transfer of gall material from diseased to healthy plants, but in no case
 were positive results obtained.
 In 1933 Hansen and Smith(1) published a brief note recording the finding of bacterial galls on Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga taxifolia Britt.) in California. The present paper reports additional studies of this disease,
 its transmission, and the pathogene involved.
 Economic Importance
 The disease has been observed commonly in parts of Napa, Lake, Santa Cruz, Amador,
 and Siskiyou counties in California, in marginal localities for the growth of Douglas
 fir, which here occurs in mixed stands composed of several species of conifers and
 three or four species of broadleaved trees. These marginal localities, though practically
 worthless for timber production, are much used for recreational areas, sanitariums,
 summer resorts, and private summer homes. As far as the value of such places may be
 materially lowered by the presence of dead, dying, and deformed trees, the disease
 can be considered to be of economic importance. In its present known range, the Douglas-fir
 gall disease is otherwise of no economic importance, and of only potential interest
 to the lumbering industries.


We study the origin of subleading soft and collinear poles of form factors and amplitudes in dimensionally-regulated massless gauge theories. In the case of form factors of fundamental fields, these poles originate from a single function of the coupling, denoted G({alpha}{sub s}), depending on both the spin and gauge quantum numbers of the field. We relate G({alpha}{sub s}) to gauge-theory matrix elements involving the gluon field strength. We then show that G({alpha}{sub s}) is the sum of three terms: a universal eikonal anomalous dimension, a universal non-eikonal contribution, given by the coefficient B{sub {delta}}({alpha}{sub s}) of {delta}(1-z) in the collinear evolution kernel, and a process-dependent short-distance coefficient function, which does not contribute to infrared poles. Using general results on the factorization of soft and collinear singularities in fixed-angle massless gauge theory amplitudes, we conclude that all such singularities are captured by the eikonal approximation, supplemented only by the knowledge of B{sub {delta}}({alpha}{sub s}). We explore the consequences of our results for conformal gauge theories, where in particular we find a simple exact relation between the form factor and the cusp anomalous dimension.


Objective To understand the rule of attack time and relevant factors of acute cerebral hemorrhage so as to conduct the preventive nursing.MethodsThe attack time of 112 acute cerebral hemorrhage cases according to months of solar calendar and the specific attack time in a full day of 24 h was recorded. Retrospective analysis was conducted by way of circular distribution.ResultsThe peak in a year when acute cerebral hemorrhage occurred was from November to subsequent March and the peak at a full day appeared at 8∶50, which showed obviously month and hour concentrated tendency.Conclusion The understanding of morbidityrules and the adoption of corresponding countermeasures to eliminate deducing factors to an utmost extent can reduce the incidence, mortality, and disability so that the nursing quality is improved.


Two kinds asymmetrical porphyrins and their zinc complexes were synthesized. The interaction of zinc complexes and amino acid esters was investigated. The stiochiometry of adducts of zinc complexes and amino acid esters is 1:1. 1H NMR studies reveal that the amino acid guest coordinates onto the center zinc atom of the porphyrin directly, α-proton of the amino acid ester is located in close contact with the porphyrin plane, while the methyl group is in a more off-centered location compared with the other groups.


T he following recommendations are provided to colleges and universities to facilitate the implementation of a comprehensive institutional prematriculation immunization policy. Vaccine-preventable diseases continue to occur on and near campuses. In response to changing epidemiology and the introduction of new vaccines, the ACHA Vaccine Preventable Diseases Advisory Committee monitors age-appropriate public health recommendations and updates this document accordingly. The committee recognizes that many colleges and universities are mandated by state law to require certain vac-


gious traditions; and guidance for the Muslim community in ways typical of the Qur'an as a whole. Furthermore, the author cross-references themes in surah two with other verses and passages in the Qur'an as a whole. The book's subtitle, Reflections upon Divine Signs, describes accurately both the contents and the perspective of Khan's commentary. From the Islamic perspective each verse of the Qur'an is a divine sign. Its verse divisions are not established by later readers ofthe Qur'an-as in the case of biblical verses -but are indicated by rhyme and thus part of the original qur'anic discourse which Muslims believe to be the very words of God in both form and content. Moreover, ayah, the Arabic word for verse, literally means "sign" or "miracle." The subtitle also describes accurately the content of the commentary. It does consist of reflections on these divine signs. Khan presents his comments in an interactive way so that readers can engage with him in reflecting on the meaning of the verses as well as-and this is rare in Islamic Qur'an commentaryon the structure of the discourse. For this reason and because Khan provides so much reflection on most verses, reading the commentary straight through would be tedious, but studying it section-by-section interactively as the author suggests will reward anyone who wants to get at the heart of normative, qur'anic Islam. Khan appends helpful glossaries of English and Arabic terms and an index of themes. In spite of some minor defects, such as its rather frequent typographical errors and the fact that its index is sometimes offby several pages, this handy one-volume commentary offers rich rewards to students of Islam and its Holy Book.


Poultry litter waste (PLW) is the main by-product generated by the Brazilian poultry industry. A sustainable approach for reusing this waste is the production of biochar to be further used aiming CO2 adsorption. In this work, biochars were produced by varying the N2 flow along the pyrolysis process of 150 (PLW-150) and 1000 (PLW-1000) mL min -1. PLW and biochars were characterized for their morphology, porosity, specific surface area, and CO2 adsorption capacity. From the biochars, carbon cryogels (CC) were produced aiming their use as CO2 adsorbents. The results of the cryogel adsorption test showed a CO2 adsorption capacity of 13.1±2.9 and 33.8±3.3 mg g -1 for the CC-PLW.150 and CC-PLW.1000 cryogels, respectively. Therefore, reusing this residue for cryogels production and its use in the CO2 adsorption signifies an attractive perspective to minimize the environmental damage caused by CO2 emissions.


We propose a complementary point of view on the topological invariants of two-dimensional tight-binding models restricted to half-spaces. The transfer operators for such systems are J-unitary on a infinite dimensional Krein space (  , J ) and, for energies in the bulk gap, only have discrete spectrum on the unit circle. These eigenvalues have Krein inertia which can be used to define topological invariants determining the nature of the surface modes and allowing to distinguish different topological phases. This is illustrated by numerical results.


The original problem of geodesic representation, solved by DINI (1869) with reality restrictions and by LIE (1883) in complete generality, may be stated as follows: Find all pairs of surfaces S and S1 whose points may be put into correspondence in such a way that every geodesic on the one surface is pictured by a geodesic on the other. Apart from the trivial case where S1 is isometric with (applicable on) S, or with a surface homothetic to S, the only pairs of surfaces obtaiined belong to the LIOUVILLE class


IF THE questionnaire submitted to foreign-language teachers by the Modern Foreign Language Study in 1925-1926 were sent out again today, it is doubtful if reading would again be rated as the central, paramount objective by as large a number as approved the recommendations of the Coleman Report.' Since 1925 even the size of the world has changed for all practical purposes. Today, the most distant point on the globe is only 60 hours from home by fast airplane. In 1925 most teachers listened to radioprograms, if at all, only through headphones, and the static from local stations was often as great as that accompanying modern broadcasts from the South Pole. Today, the pronouncements of dictators, and the coronation or abdication of kings, can be heard in almost every home in America with greater clarity than local broadcasts in 1925. To maintain that foreignlanguage teaching can be functional if guided by recommendations suited to an entirely different set of conditions, however recent, would not be an unusual, but certainly a doubtfully sane reaction of the teaching profession. Recent articles in this and other foreign-language publications give evidence of a growing realization that to serve present and very obvious future needs, modern foreign-language teaching must stress the aural-oral abilities more than ever before. The short-wave radio is increasingly inspiring a popular demand for ability to understand the spoken language, while growing American participation in world affairs is already creating a similar, if not greater, demand for ability actually to speak the foreign tongue. To insist that the adoption of ability to understand and speak the language should henceforth be the central and paramount objective of modern foreign-language teaching in elementary and secondary schools, and in lower division college classes, by no means implies that reading and writing need be thrown into discard. The proposal represents only a marked shift in primary emphasis-a putting of first things first, not from the viewpoint of method or subject-matter, but from the viewpoint of life needs outside the school.


An Software Defined Networking (SDN) router translates routing information from a standard routing control plane into forwarding decisions on an SDNenabled device. This thesis presents the design of RheaFlow an SDN router that uses Internet Protocol (IP) routing control logic to modify forwarding behaviour on OpenFlow switches. RheaFlow is implemented as a set of network applications on the Ryu OpenFlow controller platform. It utilises the Ryu Application Programming Interface (API) to build a modular SDN router architecture that is easily extendable and simple to configure. RheaFlow adopts and improves the IP routing via OpenFlow based on the approach of RouteFlow, an existing SDN router. The RheaFlow design centralises the routing control plane which is distributed in RouteFlow. It also removes RFProtocol, an internal control protocol used by RouteFlow.


Ultraviolet infinities in quantum field theories are regularized by including the gravitational interaction and applying nonpolynomial Lagrangian techniques to it in a certain approximation which greatly simplifies calculation and gives the same expressions for the regularized amplitudes as the full tensor gravity in the lowest order in the gravitational coupling constant. The approximation is better than scalar gravity and works for all field theories, including exact and broken Yang-Mills theories and other renormalizable and nonrenormalizable field theories. Special consideration is given to regularization of theories with spontaneously broken symmetries (taking the sigma model as an example) and of Yang-Mills fields. Renormalization constants for the general Yang-Mills field and for quantum chromodynamics are explicitly calculated in the lowest order in the gauge coupling constant. Gauge invariance (both Yang-Mills and gravitational) are shown to be preserved.


The experience of calm tea-rooms is contrasted with the centrality of harmony in the Japanese mythology of Japaneseness. The tea-room has two entrances: a full height entrance allows the host to come and go while carrying utensils as the serving procedure demands and the second entrance, which the two guests crawl through later, is only about knee high. The alcove's irregular timber structure contrasts with the geometric rigour of the paper-screen windows in the tea-room, as well as the black-bordered tatami mats on the floor. Tatami are an essential component of any tea-room because they provide the clear demarcation of space that is required for the proper movements of utensils and participants in the ceremony. The low, garden-side entrance to the tea-room is barely two feet high. It is entered on one's hands and knees. It encourages us once more to leave all social status and worries outside.Keywords: alcove; irregular timber structure; Japanese mythology; tatami mats; tea-room


Optimization of the designs of power plants for the production of thermal and electric energy using natural fossil fuels and artificial fuels obtained as a result of processing natural raw materials, water electrolysis technologies and the subsequent collection of hydrogen and oxygen as fuel cells for generating heat and electricity in power plants is considered. The results of radiation heat exchange in combustion chambers and heat exchange of multi-chamber boilers operating on gas and solid fuels and design solutions using hybrid technologies for the production of heat and electricity are analyzed. The problem of environmental safety and the means of its minimization on a global scale with the use of hydrogen as an environmentally safe fuel in steam boilers and combined-cycle power plants are considered. The use of high optical technologies to determine the temperature field, ingredient composition and microstructure of the dispersed phase of combustion products of energy fuels is considered.


This invention increases the job information management precision. To accomplish this, an information processing method of recording or accumulating job information on a job issued from an information processing apparatus connectable to an image forming apparatus including an acquisition step of acquiring the job information from the information processing apparatus or the image forming apparatus, a determination step of determining whether to record or accumulate the job information acquired in the acquisition step, in accordance with a driver which generates data of the issued job, and a recording/accumulation step of recording or accumulating the job information determined in the determination step to be recorded or accumulated.


Many researches have accented cognitive sexual differences in real environments with general male predominance in spatial abilities and on the other hand female predominance in verbal abilities. Similar researches in virtual environments and especially educational applicable, do not exist. The aim of this study is to investigate any sexual cognitive differentiation between the pa rticipants during their interaction with virtual and real educ ational environments. For this reason we decided to use the functional brain imaging method of electroencephalo graphy (EEG). Our results showed that both participants us ed the same cognitive abilities to process the same stimul ations. Nevertheless, the two groups differed in perception and in mental processing level. In particular, is thought that males show less visual attention and mental effort during observation of three experimental conditions (two dimensional virtual environment, three dimensional virtual environment and real environment). These findings a im to be used at designing of appropriate educational learnig environments and in deeper research of human mind.


Quality inspection is a crucial activity in manufacturing by practicing a standard procedure for inspection before product delivery. The improvement of inspection time becomes a focal point of the visual inspection activities due to the handling time of product after inspection which received less attention by the practitioners. In practical, high handling time normally occur by virtue of operators who taking a long time in handling the products, especially unsymmetrical products after inspection; thus lead to delay of subsequent process. In this paper, a proper methodology of solving high handling time problem is proposed by adopting seven new quality tools such as affinity diagram and Process Decision Program Chart (PDPC). The analysis of the tools is to determine the factors that affect the handling time and subsequently develop a solution to minimize the handling time by making improvements on this quality work. A supporting jig is selected as the solution to countermeasure the problem, hence can achieve 34% of improvement in reducing handling time. The supporting jig is proven to be an effective method in minimizing the handling time and implemented to a case study conducted in a semiconductor company.


This thesis explores the experimental poetic discourse of The Waves by Virginia Woolf, including narrative and dramatic aspects. My discussion takes its cue from the Author's attempt to write to a rhythm and not to a plot.Rhythm, plot and story are central problems for the discussion, as well as the poetic style of the prose, narrative devices and use of figurative language regarding character building and symbolism in the novel.The difference between soliloquy and interior monologue is illustrated as a stream of consciousness technique.Images and symbols are related to the individual characters in the novel but they also disclose the threading of the characters' minds regarding their understanding of each other and life as a whole.'Shared imagery' present a transformation of character as metaphor.I discuss how the poetic language of 'The Interludes'is represented through metaphor and metonymy. Furthermore I consider the mystical aspect of the novel in 'the silent world, which focuses on the 'reality which exists beyond human life, and consequently human speech. Responsible for this website University of Oslo Library Contact Us email@example.com Privacy policy Re-thinking human life into poetry: Virginia Woolf's The waves  


In 1903, the Wrights made the first successful flights of a heavier-than-air aircraft under the control of a human being. The flights were conducted in private, with only a few friendly witnesses. Among the observations made during these flight tests were that they found their creation " ... difficult to control ..." because the pitch control (the canard) " ... had a tendency to turn itself ... too far on one side and then, too far on the other." They knew the reason for this "... it was balanced (pivoted) too near the center ...." As a part of the 100th anniversary of the first flight, an accurate reproduction of the 1903 Flyer was built. Full scale wind tunnel tests were done of this reproduction; a customized flight data recorder was also developed to record flight test data of the Flyer during the first three of its four flights at Kitty Hawk in 2003. The flight data recorder obtained 14 streams of data, including airspeed, angle of attack, accelerations, control positions, propeller torque and rpm. Analysis of these data confirmed some things that happened to the Wrights in 1903 at Kitty Hawk, and with many flights of their new "improved" similar 1904 machine in Ohio. The Wrights found both the 1903 and 1904 machines very hard to control in pitch, with swoops up and down barely controllable some of the time, and at other times, an extreme test of their piloting skills, with many flights landing hard with broken ribs, struts, and spars. Orville, in 1923, said it "resembled something between a bucking bronco (sic) and a roller coaster." In 2003, the three flights before December 17 showed the same characteristics. In this paper, it will be shown that a combination of the airframe and canard instabilities and adverse effects of excess engine power contributed to the erratic handling of the 1903 Flyer. So, the question is-how did the Wrights fly their aircraft well enough to go for 852 feet and 59 seconds on their fourth flight in 1903, given the instabilities of their design? One answer is that they were very good pilots. In addition, there is the possibility that they flew at the lower airspeeds, low enough to make a difference in the effects of the instabilities, which get smaller the slower you fly.


The mathematical model of reliability optimization design of one-stage straight-tooth cylindrical gear reducer is established. The reliability optimization calculation of the reducer by means of the optimal method of nonlinear mixed discrete variable combination is successful.


Insuring electromagnetic compatibility with expanding commercial power systems requires knowledge of fundamental relationships that quantify likely levels of induction. A stochastic modeling technique is introduced that Accommodates the inherent variability in both placement and level of power system loads. These new broad-brush results furnish a needed tool for inductive coordination and long-term planning.


The Effects of Metaphylaxis and Milk Replacer Additives on Health and Growth of Neonatal Holstein Bull Calves. (April 2010) Katherine Grace DeHaan Department of Animal Science Texas AM mean body weight=42.28 kg + 3 kg; starting age <3 days) was conducted. The calves were placed into a completely random 3 x 4 factorial design with each group receiving either tilmicosin phosphate (TIL), ceftiofur crystalline free acid (CEF), or saline solution (CON) injected subcutaneously into the neck area. For the duration of the study, the calves also received a commercial milk replacer powder (22% Crude Protein / 20% Crude Fat) fed at 1.1% BW. Within metaphylaxis treatment, calves were randomly assigned to receive either: 1) 4 g/d for 7 d and then 2 g/d for 14 d of an egg-based probiotic (PR); 2) 2 g/d of 96% betaine (BE); 3) both PR and BE (BP); or 4) no additives . The calves were housed in individual fiberglass hutches with commercial calf starter and water provided ad libitum. The body weight of each calf was recorded twice weekly in addition to daily recordings of fecal scores (1 = firm to 4 = watery) for 54 days. Medical treatments provided to each calf for scours, respiratory distress, or febrile events were


Hypertrophic pulmonary osteoarthropathy classically consists of clubbing of the fingers and toes, periosteal new bone formation in the tubular bones, painful swelling of limbs, arthralgia and arthritis. Its pathogenesis is uncertain, but it is usually associated with malignant or inflammatory intrathoracic disease. We recently experienced a patient with the characteristic findings of this rare disease on bone scintigraphy using (methylene diphosphonate).


The article brings the scientific curriculum vitae and selected
bibliography of Werner Winter, an excellent specialist in
Indo-European and general linguistics.


For the sustainable development of forest parks in Guangdong Province,it was necessary to construct the assessment on indicators.The paper discussed the basis and principles of constructing an index system and proposed some relevant index systems and their estimation methods.The indicators for the assessment consisted of 4 primary indicators,i.e.,ecological criteria,environmental criteria,social criteria,and economic criteria.Each set of primary criteria was further divided into secondary indicators and tertiary indicators.The weights for indicators were calculated using Analytic Hierarchy Process(AHP).


Abstract The structure of aqueous zinc(II) bromide solutions with [H2O/[ZnBr2] molar ratios 5 and 10 in the supercooled state and at ambient temperature has been investigated by Raman spectroscopy and X-ray scattering. Raman spectra of glassy solutions have also been measured for comparison. The Raman and X-ray data suggest that tetrabromo and hexaaqua zinc(II) complexes are favoured in the supercooled and glassy state, while dibromo- and tribromozinc(II) complexes are formed as main species in the solutions at ambient temperature. Probably the reactions and occur in the supercooled and glassy solutions. These equilibrium shifts are discussed.


Madam President and Members, 1991 brought a deficit for the year amounting to £4,915, substantially more than the deficit of £1,986 incurred in 1990. Net subscriptions and entrance fees amounted to £9,965, compared with £11,896 for the preceding year. This reduction in net subscription income was due not to reduced membership (in fact the gross membership fees received for 1991 was £12,070, a slight increase on 1990) but was due to the Society having to make four extraordinary large refunds for oversubscription in the case of four members who had paid their £15 subscriptions monthly instead of annually over a period of time, and in one case going back to 1987. This matter came to my notice shortly after I took office as Hon Treasurer in the second half of 1990. The total amount refunded came to£2,105, hence the reduced net subscription income for 1991, and the reason for such a large deficit. Interest on investments and bank account totalled £3,639, compared with £3,920 for 1990. A net loss was made in 1991in respect of the Annual Dinner amounting to £1,027 compared with a net loss of £1,289 for 1990. Expenses of meetings in 1991were £7,290 compared with £7,272 in 1990. (£5,134 in 1989). Administrative expenses for 1991 were £1,236. The net cost to the Society on the publication of the Medico-Legal Journal came to £6,249 in 1991 compared with a net cost of £6,232 in 1990.


Numerous attempts have been made to identify the factor in muscle tissue that enhances Fe absorption but the nature of the promoter remains controversial. Previous research suggested that sulfated glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) from fish muscle promote Fe uptake in Caco‐2 cells (1). This study continues that research to confirm that GAGs enhance Fe uptake by Caco‐2 cells.


Abstract : Streams and disposal ponds on property of the Louisiana Army Ammunition Plant, near Shreveport-Bassier City, were sampled to ascertain biological and chemical effects of munitions wastes. Sampling was performed in September and October, 1974. Biological parameters included benthic invertebrates, fish, periphyton, phytoplankton, and zooplankton. Supportive chemical data were also obtained. Results showed that there were insufficient differences in samples from potentially affected streams and the control stream to conclude that biologic differences due to munitions wastes exist. No significant levels of munitions were found at any stream station in either September or October. Based on biological findings, the waste ponds fit into two groups, one moderately stressed and one heavily stressed. The amount of stress seemed to be proportional to the amount of TNT, which ranged from <1 to 60 mg/l, in the ponds.


As important flexible resources, independent energy storage devices can be employed to maintain the long-term abundant capacity of the renewable-dominated power system. However, the investment recovery of independent energy storage devices is almost impossible to achieve, which limits their development and application. Therefore, this paper focuses on the capacity compensation mechanism of independent energy storage devices to achieve investment recovery. Firstly, different compensation mechanisms worldwide are compared. Secondly, the costs and incomes of independent energy storage devices are analyzed detailedly. Finally, according to the situation in China, suggestions about the capacity compensation mechanisms for independent energy storage devices are proposed to support the achievement of investment recovery.


The role of the Office of Population of the US Agency for International Development (AID) in supporting research on the development of female sterilization techniques in purchasing and distributing laparoscopy equipment and in funding training in female sterilization procedures for physicians is described. In 1969 Dr. Clifford Wheeless a researcher at Johns Hopkins University demonstrated that laparoscopic sterilizations using electrocautery could be performed on outpatients under local anesthesia. In 1971 Dr. Wheeless discussed the potential of using this technique in developing countries with the Office of Population. Following the successful use of this technique in Nepal AID provided Dr. Wheeless with a US$50000 grant to develop the International Sterilization Project. Under this project Dr. Wheeless trained a number of physicians in developing countries to perform outpatient laparoscopic sterilizations and AID supplied the trained physicians with laparoscopic equipment. As interest in the technique mounted AID recognized the need to develop a less expensive and simpler laparoscope equipment package and to expand the training program. In 1973 the Office of Population began to work with the private sector to develop an improved equipment package and by mid-1974 an improved package was available at a cost of US$3000/package. In 1972 the Office of Population in cooperation with Johns Hopkins University and several other universities developed the Program of International Education in Gynecology and Obstetrics (PIEGO). The program is funded by AID and provides 4-6 weeks of training for physicians from developing countries in fertility control techniques with an emphasis on laparoscopy. Training centers are based at Johns Hopkins University the University of Pittsburgh Washington University at St. Louis and American University in Lebanon. After training a laparoscope is sent to the physicians home institution and a trainer is sent to supervise the trainees work for several days. As of 1975 315 physicians from developing countries were trained under PIEGO and 375 AID-purchased laparocopes were place in institutions in developing countries either under the PIEGO program or through other organizations and programs. In order to further improve the safety of laparoscopic sterilization AID is providing funds for research to develop tubal clips and bands as a substitute for electrocautery. For example the Yoon band which shows considerable promise is being tested in 13 countries with AID support. AID has also actively promoted the development of minilaparotomy and is currently distributing a minilaparotomy surgical kit which cost US$118 and a US$16 packet which contains the uterine elevator and tubal hook used in minilaparotomy procedures. In 1972 the Office of Population gave the Association for Voluntary Sterilization in New York a grant of US$876000 to promote sterilization by holding international conferences and by providing assistance for the establishment of National Voluntary Sterilization Associations in a number of countries. Between 1968-75 AID expended US$38938700 on research and development of new fertility control methods. Between 1969-75 AID spent US$1406959 on research related to female sterilization. Total AID expenditures on PIEGO activities for 1973-75 were US$4129000. Tables supply information on 1) AID disbursements to institutions and organizations for research on new methods of fertility control for 1967-1975 by institution; 2) AID contraceptive purchases for 1968-75; 3) PIEGO expenditures for equipment and training for each center for fiscal years 1973-75; 4) the number of PIEGO trained physicians by country; and 5) the number of laparoscope placements by country for 1972-75.


Despite their comparative simplicity, multi-hole pressure probes continue to be used for the intrusive sampling of velocity components. While these sensors necessarily have a very low bandwidth (as a consequence of the length of tubing normally required to connect the probe tip to the pressure sensing elements), they have a reasonably small measurement volume (typically . 3 mm). Unlike multi-sensor hot-wire probes, however, they are temperature-insensitive and robust to the point of being nearly indestructible, and do not require frequent (time-consuming) calibration.


An ion-nitriding apparatus wherein heating and nitrid ing of workpieces can be carried out at high thermal efficiency, with excellent uniformity and in a short time by the combined use of glow discharge and heat gener ated by a heat-producing element. Heating efficiency can be raised in heating of workpieces by lessening the heat value to be released out of the furnace, and over heating of workpieces can be prevented in nitriding of them by increasing the heat value to be released out of the furnace in proportion to the increase of glow dis charge output, and thus the nitriding efficiency can be raised.


A temporary stability module and method for marine structures during construction, transportation and installation is taught. The device and method permit the structure, including platforms, deck and equipment to be constructed in an upright position, towed to an ocean installation site, and installed by ballasting the structure or temporary stability module and subsequent removal of the module.


The invention provides a gantry-type automatic spot welding system for a battery pack, which comprises a spot welding device and a spot welding jig fixing device which are vertically arranged and are connected with a PLC (programmable logic controller) of the system. The spot welding device comprises a beam, a group of opposite vertical columns in parallel, a spot welding mechanism, an X-axis sliding table, a Y-axis movement mechanism and an X-axis movement mechanism, wherein the vertical columns are used for adjusting the height of the beam, the X-axis sliding table is used for fixing the spot welding mechanism, the Y-axis movement mechanism enables the spot welding mechanism to transversely move, and the X-axis movement mechanism enables the X-axis sliding table to transversely move. The spot welding jig fixing device comprises a spot welding jig platen and a clamping mechanism for clamping a spot welding jig, wherein the clamping mechanism is arranged on the spot welding jig platen and is perpendicular to the spot welding mechanism. By the aid of a gantry-type structure, clamping is performed once, cells are numerous, spot welding parameters are controllable, and the system is fast in running speed, high in spot welding efficiency, highly adaptable to the cells, accurate in positioning and fine in spot welding quality.


In order to study and predict the influence of casting process on castings quality,the rational pouring system and process parameters are set.Three kinds solidification simulation scheme have been applied with the help of simulation software.Results and appearance defects and inner shrinkage porosity of the castings in trial production have been based upon to bring forward different technology improvements and select an optimal project used in batch production.Research results show that no.3 castings structure is reasonable,the most reasonable pouring temperature is 825 ℃,pouring time is 15 s.The application shows that the software can help technologists to optimize casting process by forecasting casting defects during mold filling and solidification processes and instruct the production of casting.


ABSTRACT Here we describe artificial help for the respiratory electron flow supporting anaerobic growth of Thiobacillus ferrooxidans through exogenous electrolysis. Flux between H2 and a anode through cells was accomplished with electrochemical regeneration of iron. The electrochemical help resulted in a 12-fold increase in yield compared with the yield observed in its absence.


C l i n M e d International Library Citation: Baygin O, Tuzuner T, Erdemir I, Yilmaz N (2016) Use of Midazolam Mixture as Premedication for Children Undergoing General Anesthesia for Dental Care. Int J Oral Dent Health 2:036 Received: October 06, 2016: Accepted: November 21, 2016: Published: November 23, 2016 Copyright: © 2016 Baygin O, et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Baygin et al. Int J Oral Dent Health 2016, 2:036


Predicting key macroeconomic indicators such as Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is a critical task in quantitative finance and economics. Precise forecasts of GDP can help in policy-making, investment decisions, and understanding the overall economic health of a country [8]. Machine learning has emerged as a powerful tool in this domain, offering sophisticated techniques for modeling complex systems and making predictions. This project presents a comparative analysis of three machine learning models – Gradient Boosting Regressor, Random Forest Regressor, and Linear Regression – for predicting GDP. Our aim is to assess their performance and identify the model that provides the most accurate forecasts.


Traditional detection probability evaluation method for infrared point target is not appropriate in the condition of complicated background due to the influence of background radiance. Firstly, this paper deduces the traditional detection probability evaluation method for point target under unitary background and analyzes its defects. Then, this paper introduces the idea of probability distribution into the traditional method and proposes a novel detection probability evaluation method under complicated backgrounds. Finally, a detection probability calculation instance shows that the new method can accurately estimate the detection probability under complicated backgrounds.


This paper discusses the applications of interval alignment (IA) scheduling policies in supply chain management. IA policies effectively smoothen part flows, improve performance and decrease aver- age Work-in-Process (WIP) and lead times by adding intermediate delays to the system. We also discussed the applications of IA policy as kanban control in supply chain systems which result in the achievement of Just-in-Time (JIT). The results of the this paper may be used to facilitate factory layout and shop-floor design, using the non-traditional idea that adding machines (test, re- work, etc.) in appropriate places will reduce end-to-end lead times. Keywords- Scheduling policies, supply chain management, interval alignment policies, integer linear programming, Optimization and lean system.


The invention discloses a needle punching method glued compound clothing leather base fabric and the manufacture method. The needle punching method glued compound clothing leather base fabric is formed by woven fabric and non-woven fiber web in a compound way, the woven fiber is composed of warp yarns and weft yarns in an interweaving way, the warp yarn adopts polyamide fiber, the weft yarn adopts polyester fiber or polyamide fiber, and the main raw material of the non-woven fiber web adopts viscose fiber. According to the various function requirements from the customer, the various functional fibers can be added in the non-woven fiber web. The needle punching method glued compound clothing leather base fabric has the advantages that the size is steady, the strength is high, and the hand feeling is soft, the post-finishing processing performance of the leather base fabric is enhanced, and the diversified requirements of the clothing leather are satisfied.


Background Throwing athletes with shoulder pain have been shown to have decreased rotator cuff muscle strength. Shoulder internal impingement and labral peel-back mechanism, as may occur during the late cocking phase of throwing motion, are thought to cause rotator cuff injury and type II superior labrum anterior and posterior lesions. Therefore, the objective of this study was to assess the effect of rotator cuff muscle force on internal impingement and the peel-back of the superior labrum by quantifying maximum external rotation, glenohumeral contact pressure, and position of the cuff insertion relative to the glenoid. Hypothesis A change in rotator cuff muscle force will lead to increased external rotation, glenohumeral contact pressure, and overlap of the cuff insertion relative to the glenoid. Study Design Controlled laboratory study. Methods Eight fresh-frozen cadaveric shoulders were tested at the simulated late cocking position. Glenohumeral contact pressure, location of the cuff insertion relative to the glenoid, and maximum humeral external rotation angle were measured. The forces of the supraspinatus, subscapularis, and infraspinatus muscles were determined based on published clinical electromyographic data. To assess the effect of cuff muscle imbalance, each muscle force was varied. Horizontal abduction positions of 20°, 30°, and 40° with respect to the scapular plane were tested. Results Decreased subscapularis strength resulted in a significant increase in maximum external rotation (P <.001) and increased glenohumeral contact pressure (P <.01). The cuff insertion overlapped the edge of the glenoid at 30° and 40° of horizontal abduction for all muscle loading conditions. Conclusion Decreased subscapularis muscle strength in the position simulating the late cocking phase of throwing motion results in increased maximum external rotation and also increased glenohumeral contact pressure. Clinical Relevance Athletes with decreased subscapularis muscle strength, such as fatigue with repetitive throwing, may be more susceptible to rotator cuff tears and type II superior labrum anterior and posterior lesions. Subscapularis muscle strengthening exercises may be beneficial for preventing these injuries.


Pronunciation is the basis of English learning, especially important to the students of English department of teachers colleges. This article puts forward some suggestions on the efficient ways of improving English pronunciation on the grounds of author's teaching experience.


UKs BRUTALITY WILL PREVAIL (now featuring new vocalist Louis Gauthier of BREAKINGxPOINT) have just released a new music video for their song Abandon, ...


BACKGROUND: This article focuses on the health risk assessment associated with air pollution for the population of the Temir district in the Aktobe region. The risk assessment of the effects of air pollution on public health revealed a tendency to deterioration in the health indicators of the children's population.
AIM: The research object was the population of the Temir district living near the oil and gas field Zhanazhol.
METHODS: The work was carried out according to the risk assessment methodology described in the manual R 2.1.10-1920-04. The maximum non-carcinogenic risk due to exposure to chemicals in the air basin of residential areas was established for children from 0 to 6 years of age in the Temir district.
RESULTS: A high risk of respiratory, blood, and cardiovascular diseases was observed. Sulfur dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, nitrogen, and carbon oxides contained in atmospheric air contribute to the risk of developing these diseases. The levels of carcinogenic risk to public health in the Temir district show that the maximum individual risk of oncological diseases is observed in the group of children. The risk of malignant neoplasms in adolescents is 1.2 times lower, in the male population – 1.4 times lower, on average, and in the female population – 1.3 times lower than in children. Public health risk analysis aims to select the best ways in a particular situation to eliminate or reduce risk associated with air pollution for the population.
CONCLUSION: The methodology of a comprehensive health risk analysis is a promising and developing approach in the system of monitoring the quality of the human environment and assessing environmental hazards.


It has been a very important topic about the release of free formaldehyde from artificial board in this century. In this study black tea residue, green tea residue, oolong tea stalk, pruned tea branch and stale green tea were designed to absorb free formaldehyde in the artificial board. The effects of different types and additional proportion of tea and waste tea products on particleboard properties were analyzed, the relationship between the decreasing level of free formaldehyde emission and the main contents of additive samples were discussed also. We found tea and waste tea products can reduce significantly formaldehyde-emission from particleboards. and improve other properties of particleboard. The results suggested that there are positive correlations between the reducing amount of free formaldehyde emission and the contents of three main compounds of tea polyphenols, amino acids and theaflavins. The free formaldehyde emission in pruned tea branch group and stale green tea group reduced to 51.3% and 35.5% respectively to compare with blank group. The effect of different additional proportion of tea and waste tea product on the formaldehyde absorbency of particleboards was 15% >10% >5%. To add green tea residue, pruned tea branch, or stale green tea could improve the particleboard quality.


1 Milad Hosseini1, Ahmad Ghadami2, Seyed Mozafar Hashemi3 1M.sc student in operating room, Student Research Center, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, 2PhD in Nursing, Ulcer Repair Research Center, Department of Operating Room, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, 3Associate Professor of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran Three gloves donning techniques A study of the effects of three gloves donning techniques on the contamination


The study is conducted on the improved parallel interference cancellation signal detection scheme in vertical Bell laboratories layered space-time system.At first,an initial estimation is obtained based on the minimum mean square error method. And then the improved parallel interference canceller is introduced for mitigating multi-stream interference to recover transmitted signals.The simulation results show that the proposed scheme has a strong ability of anti-multi-stream interference,and its performance is close to that of the maximum likelihood detection algorithm,but with less time delay and lower complexity.


The Flash model of TMS320F28xx DSP devices plays a role in the integrated system.This model always has close relationship with other models in applications.This article summarizes the usage of Flash model and other models by examples,the usages including copying sections from Flash to RAM,programming the code security module passwords,executing your code from Flash after a DSP reset,disabling the watchdog timer during C-environment boot.The validity and rationality of above mentioned usages can be proved by emulation,after that,it can be applied to design of complex systems.


There are different characteristics and performances of analog and digital control systems. Both systems employ the Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) controller. The standard functional blocks of a well-designed digital PID controller are able to accord the requirements encountering from system and computer such as: adaptation, stability, and coordination, etc. This article shows the principle functions of digital PID controllers, and how they relate to instrument and process-oriented systems. Like a lot of discrete-data systems, digital controllers are usually designed from a mathematical model of the process. Each traditional design procedures are explained and examined for appraise and comparison purpose. Designing a Direct Digital Control (DDC) system to control a simple loop is explored and can be easily extended to the multivariable systems. Also the rules of adjustment of suitable values for the controller parameters are observed. Finally, some modifications regarding the practical implementation of controllers and their applications are illustrated. The conclusion of the technical audit will strengthen some theoretical concepts and provide further insights into the existing restrictions.<<ETX>>


[points] 1. Consider the Cheuk-Vorst algorithm for pricing floating strike lookback put options. The truncated binomial tree for the process is constructed for Y t = S max t S t , Y t ≥ 1. Let V n j denote the numerical approximation to V t = V t /S t at the (n, j) th node of the binomial tree for Y t , where Y t = u j , j ≥ 0. (i) Explain how to derive the binomial formula V n j = e −r∆t [p V n+1 j−1 u + (1 − p) V n+1 j+1 d], j ≥ 1. [3] (ii) How to modify the above formula when j = 0? [2] (iii) How to determine the terminal condition in the binomial calculations? [1] (iv) How to modify the above binomial formula in order to incorporate the American early exercise feature? [2] 2. Explain how to construct the forward shooting grid algorithm for pricing the European style fixed strike lookback call option under (i) continuous monitoring, (ii) discrete monitoring. In particular, explain how to construct the grid function that models the lookback feature. [5] 3. (a) Explain why the stock price process and its underlying volatility process are negatively correlated in general. [2] (b) We assume the volatility to be function of time (no dependence on the stock price). Recall the formula: ∫ t t * σ 2 (u) du = σ 2 imp (t * , t)(t − t *), we would like to obtain the term structure of volatility σ(t) given the implied volatility σ 2 imp (t * , t) at discrete time points. Suppose we assume σ(t) to be piecewise constant over (t i−1 , t i), where σ(t) = σ i , t i−1 < t < t σ i = √ (t i − t *)σ 2 imp (t * , t i) − (t i−1 − t *)σ 2 imp (t * , t i−1) t i − t i−1 , t i−1 < t < t i. [4] (c) What is the difference between " implied volatility " and " local volatility " ? [2] (d) The usual binomial tree is generated based on constant volatility in the underlying Geometric Brownian motion of the stock price process. The implied binomial tree constructed by the Derman-Kani algorithm uses quite different approach.


Within the field of nonlinear phenomenon research, several methods for the analysis of complex dynamical system have recently been proposed [ Porporato and Ridolfi, 1997]. In the light of these ideas and methods, we study the factal and chaotic characteristics of the flood se-


In this paper, a new algorithm for online grasping force optimization (GFO) of a dextrous robotic hand is presented. The GFO problem is cast in a convex optimization problem, considering also torque joint constraints. The proposed formulation allows to simplify the computational complexity of the problem by dynamically reducing the number of active torque constraints. Moreover, differently from other approaches, it does not require the evaluation of a new initial point at the beginning of each iteration. The effectiveness and the performance of the proposed method have been tested in a simulation case study where the hand manipulates a load with time-varying mass.


Mathematical modeling is an important approach for creating a parallel database management system that could efficiently use capabilities, provided by modern heterogeneous computational clusters, equipped with manycore coprocessors or GPUs. To this day, several models heterogeneous computational systems were proposed, but none of them is suited for modeling database processing. In this paper, we address this problem by proposing the Heterogeneous Database Multiprocessor Model. Proposed model consists of several submodels, which describe different aspects of database processing on heterogeneous computational systems. This paper describes hardware platform submodel, which describes the hardware of modeled computational cluster and execution submodel that describes the rules of cooperation between hardware submodel components.


AbstractIn the present work, a numerical model for the redesign of the existing and future ports and coastal defence structures is presented. The model is mainly based on the higher order Boussinesq equations and describes nonlinear wave transformation in the surf and swash zone, wave structure interaction, breaking wave induced currents and morphological changes. The existing model is adapted to describe climate change impacts on coastal flooding/erosion, ports and coastal defence structures. Model applications result to the estimation of: wave overtopping over the breakwaters crests, wave entering the harbour basin through diffraction, coastal erosion and storm surge/wave flooding. The model provides coastal engineers with a useful tool for the redesign of the existing coastal structures.


Due to the characteristics of the underwater acoustic channel, such as long propagation delay and low available bandwidth, the media access control (MAC) protocol designed for underwater acoustic sensor networks (UWASNs) is quite different from that for terrestrial wireless sensor networks. In this paper, we propose a MAC protocol for the UWASNs, named the funneling MAC (FMAC-U), which is a contention-based MAC protocol with a three-way handshake. The FMAC-U protocol uses an improved three-way handshake mechanism and code division multiple access (CDMA) based technology for request-to-send (RTS) signals transmitting to the sink in order that the sink can receive packets from multiple neighbors in a fixed order during each round of handshakes. The mechanism reduces the packet collisions and alleviates the funneling effect, especially alleviating the choke point of the UWASNs. Simulation results show that the proposed FMAC-U protocol achieves higher throughput, smaller packet drop ratio, lower end-to-end delay, and lower overhead of the control packet compared to the existing MAC protocols for UWASNs.


Ice Sheet grounding lines are sensitive indicators of changes in ice thickness, sea level or elevation of the sea bed. Here, we use the synthetic-aperture radar interferonletry technique to detect the migration of the limit of tidal flexing, or hinge line, of Petermann Gletscher, a major outlet glacier of north Greenland which develops an extensive floating tongue. Radar interferograms are generated over that glacier to measure its tidal deformation in response to ocean tide. The interferometric data are projected onto a common polar stereographic grid and co-registered to a reference radar scene with a precision of 5 m using the cross-correlation of the signal intensity. In each interferogram, the hinge line is mapped automatically with a precision of 30 m across the entire glacier width using a model fit from an elastic beam theory. The root-mean-square error of the model fit is less than 3 mm. Migration of the hinge line is subsequently detected with a precision of 40 m. Over periods of a few days to a few months, we observe a hinge line migration of 40 to 70 m which is due to changes in tide. 'J'he magnitude of the detected short-term migration is in good agreement with predictions made from tides calculated by the Grenoble global tide model combined wit h the glacier surface and bedrock slopes measured from laser alt inlet r-y and ice sounding radar data. Over the 3.87 years separating the 1992 and 1996 observations, the hinge line retreats 270+ 120 m. The 120-nl standard deviation shows that spatial variations in hinge line migration are significant, probably the result of subtle variations in bedrock topography. Fkpressed in terms of changes in ice thickness, the retreat suggests g]acier thinning at a rate of 79*35 cm/yr ice volume equiva]e]lt. ~oillcide]ltally, an ana]ysis


The Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) program is a worldwide initiative to add information technology to transport infrastructure and vehicles. It aims to manage factors that are typically at odds with each other such as vehicles, loads, and routes to improve safety and reduce vehicle wear, transportation times and fuel costs. It has improved transportation safety and mobility and enhances productivity through the use of advanced communications technologies. Intelligent transportation systems (ITS) encompass a broad range of wireless and wire line communications-based information and electronics technologies.  When integrated into the transportation system's infrastructure, and in vehicles themselves, these technologies relieve congestion, improve safety and enhance a country's productivity. Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) are identified as the means to achieve sustainable and environmental friendly transportation for the 21st Century. Advanced information and communication technologies are required for ITS. These include Data Storage & Processing Equipment, Wire line & Wireless Communication Systems, Global Positioning Systems (GPS), Sensors, Smart Cards etc. In addition to the above technologies, institutional and market factors play an important role in successful ITS deployment. ITS application functionality includes collection and processing of real-time data, generating and utilizing information for various purposes such as controlling and managing traffic, handling fleet operations (public transport and private carriers), emergency management and assisting users in their travel related decisions. The benefits of ITS include Reduction of traffic congestion, Enhanced safety, Mitigation of environmental impacts of transportation systems, enhanced energy performance, and improved productivity.Many governments are appreciating the benefits of ITS and deploying them in their regions. As a first step, National ITS architectures were designed by the respective nations, to provide overall guidance to ensure deployment strategy, systems compatibility and interoperability. ITS architecture defines user services, physical subsystems, information flows between subsystems, and communication requirements for deploying ITS applications. As many new technologies arise, ITS technologies are undergoing an evolutionary process. This presents the greatest challenges of deploying ITS systems integration. Challenges presented by ITS deployment include standardization, addressing security and privacy concerns, institutional and inter-agency barriers, and availability of funding, public-private partnership. ITS technologies are user service centric and have been driving ITS development across the world.


AbstractDrought and water scarcity are key aspects in the management of groundwater resources in regions with excessive withdrawal. In this paper, groundwater drought, water scarcity, and their com...


Article is devoted to sculptural images of the Maya and their value for understanding of outlook of these people. The sculpture of the Maya is deeply symbolical, its symbols are religious. It bears information on religion, representations on afterlife of the Maya, and also on features of their historical development. It is confirmation of that in ancient art the semiotics prevails over an esthetics.


In this note a complete answer is given to the question of the existence of a local homogeneous first-order Dubrovin–Novikov Hamiltonian structure for systems of hydrodynamic type that are equivalent to the associativity equations in the case of three primary fields. This important question arose after reducing the associativity equations to systems of hydrodynamic type in [1] (see also [2]) and constructing examples of the associativity equations with a different Hamiltonian nature [3]. The authors proved that the systems of hydrodynamic type that are equivalent to the associativity equations possess a local first-order Hamiltonian structure given by a flat metric if and only if η11 = 0. Following [4], we introduce the associativity equations of two-dimensional topological field theories. Let F (t, . . . , t) be a function of n independent variables satisfying the following conditions: (i) the matrix ηij = ∂F/∂t ∂t ∂t , i, j = 1, . . . , n, is constant and non-degenerate; (ii) for any t = (t, . . . , t) the functions cjk(t) = η il ∂F/∂t ∂t ∂t, i, j, k = 1, . . . , n, give the structure of an associative algebra with the basis e1, . . . , en and the multiplication ej ◦ ek = cjk(t)ei. The requirement of associativity of multiplication leads to the following system of partial differential equations:


PURPOSE: A distributing board is provided to allow for ease of installation by reducing the horizontal length of the distributing board by 50% in maximum, and prevent accident of electric shock by protecting the distributing board from foreign substances. CONSTITUTION: A distributing board comprises a body of busbar(20) including a lower busbar and a upper busbar; and a busbar protection plate made of a transparent material. The lower busbar is an N-phase busbar arranged at one side of the body of the busbar. The upper busbar includes an R-phase busbar, an S-phase busbar, and a T-phase busbar which are arranged at the other side of the body of the busbar. The body of the busbar further includes a plurality of terminal pins arranged at both lengthwise ends of the lower and the upper busbars. The body of the busbar is connected to a terminal of a main breaker(1) in R, S, T and N-phases so as to connect the main breaker and a load breaker.


as economies have grown, air transportation itself can be a key cause and facilitator of economic growth. Not only is the aviation industry a major industry in its own right, employing large numbers of highly skilled workers, but more importantly it is an essential input into the rapidly growing global economy. Greater connections to the global air transport network can boost the productivity and growth of economies by providing better access to markets, enhancing links within and between businesses and providing greater access to resources and to international capital markets.


At the end of 2005, 443 nuclear reactors were operating in 32 countries worldwide. They had provided about 3,000 TWh, which was just over 16 percent of global electricity supply. With the generating capacity of 368 GWe in 2004, the spent fuel generation rate worldwide, now becomes at about 11,000 tHM/y. Projections indicate that cumulative amounts to be generated by the year 2020, the time when most of the existing NPP will be closed to the end of their licensed lifetime, may be close to 445,000 tHM. In this regard, spent fuel management is a common issue in all countries with nuclear reactors. Whatever their national policy and/or strategy is selected for the backend of the nuclear fuel cycle, the management of spent fuel will contribute an impending and imminent issues to be resolved in the foreseeable future. The 2nd Review Meeting of the Contracting Parties to the Joint Convention was held in Vienna from 15 to 24 May 2006. The meeting gave an opportunity to exchange information on the national policy and strategy of spent fuel management of the Contracting Parties, to discuss their situations, prospects and the major factors influencing the national policies in this field and to identify the most important directions that national efforts and international co-operation in this area should be taken. In this paper, an overview of national and global trends of spent fuel management is discussed. In addition, some directions are identified and recent activities of each Member States in the subject area are summarized.


Scholars have long been interested in networks. Networks of scholarly exchange, trade, kinship, and patronage are some of the many such longstanding subjects of study. Recent and ongoing digital humanities projects are now considering networks with fresh approaches and increasingly complex datasets. At the heart of these digital projects are 'network ontologies' — functional data models for distilling the complicated, messy connections between historical people, objects, and places. Although scholars creating network ontologies necessarily focus on different types of content, if these networks are to form a coherent body of scholarship in the future, we must work towards the creation interoperable ontological structures, rather than yet another set of competing standards. Here we examine the methodological considerations behind designing such interoperable ontologies, focusing primarily on the example of Early Modern historical networks. We argue that it would be infeasible to adopt a single ontological s...


The house fly, Musca domestica L., and the stable fly, Stomoxys calcitrans (L.) (Diptera: Muscidae), are cosmopolitan pests parasitized by a guild of more than two dozen species of wasps. Several species of these wasps have been commercialized as biocontrol agents or are being studied for this purpose. Wolbachia bacteria are known to infect at least some of these wasps and are of interest because infections can dramatically affect insect reproduction. A survey in this parasitoid–fly system detected Wolbachia in 15 of 21 species of wasps and in three of nine species of flies parasitized by these wasps. Phylogenetic analyses using wsp gene sequences identified single isolate infections in most cases. Infections of two and four isolates were detected in Nasonia vitripennis (Walker) and Spalangia cameroni Perkins (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae), respectively. Laboratory experiments showed infections in S. cameroni to cause an incomplete form of female‐mortality (FM) type cytoplasmic incompatibility (CI). Crosses between uninfected female and infected male partners (♀×♂w) produced fewer progeny, which had a strong male‐biased sex ratio. Crosses between ♀×♂, ♀w×♂w, and ♀w×♂ produced more progeny, which had a female‐biased sex ratio. Developmental times of progeny were increased when the paternal parent was infected with Wolbachia, regardless of whether the maternal parent was infected or whether offspring developed from fertilized eggs. This result may reflect the action of Wolbachia on components of the seminal fluid that then affect the development of offspring from inseminated females. It is hoped that future studies of Wolbachia in this guild will facilitate the rearing and application of these wasps as biocontrol agents of house fly and stable fly.


One of the core science objectives of NASA's 2009 Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) mission is to determine the past or present habitability of Mars. The search for key organic compounds relevant to terrestrial life will be an important part of that assessment. We have developed a protocol for the analysis of amino acids and carboxylic acids in Mars analogue materials using gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GCMS). As shown, a variety of carboxylic acids were readily identified in soil collected from the Atacama Desert in Chile at part-per-billion levels by GCMS after extraction and chemical derivatization using the reagent N,N-tert.-butyl (dimethylsilyl) trifluoroacetamide (MTBSTFA). Several derivatized amino acids including glycine and alanine were also detected by GCMS in the Atacama soil at lower concentrations (chromatogram not shown). Lacking derivatization capability, the Viking pyrolysis GCMS instruments could not have detected amino acids and carboxylic acids, since these non-volatile compounds require chemical transformation into volatile species that are stable in a GC column. We are currently optimizing the chemical extraction and derivatization technique for in situ GCMS analysis on Mars. Laboratory results of analyses of Atacama Desert samples and other Mars analogue materials using this protocol will be presented.


This study was undertaken to discuss the ritual costumes kept in custody at Admiral Lee Soonshin's royal family, Hyunchung temple and Chungryeol temple. The implications of the study are as follows; At Hyunchung temple taken in the charge of Cultural Heritage Administration, all officiant at rites wear Jaibok produced by Korean government policy Since 2008. At Chungryeol temple, the officiant wear Samo, Danryeong and Dopo. At Admiral Lee's royal family, all officiants wear Yoogun and jade green Dopo kept in there. There are differences by the places and managers of the rites, which needs standardization and unity in the near future.


One type of boiler is a boiler with tangential combustion. Tangential combustion is combusted with a burner arrangement located at each corner (corner) of the boiler, where each burner forms a certain angle to the boiler wall. Most of the tangential boilers are equipped with a tilting burner facility. An inclined burner is a facility to direct the burner to face up or down a certain angle to a horizontal line. Changes in the direction of the burner tilt angle will move to the fireball position in the furnace so that there can be changes in temperature, velocity, also species. This study was conducted to determine setting the burner tilt angle by varying the angle simulated using CFD. The data to be obtained are qualitative data in the form of contours and vectors from the distribution of temperature and velocity and quantitative data in graphs and tables. In this study, it is hoped that the ideal angle for the boiler will be obtained so that combustion in the boiler occurs efficiently.


Most migraine auras are brief and in some ways provide an early warning for the migraine attack, but when the aura persists it should prompt attention.


Question: A 79year-old man with polycystic liver disease was referred to our hospital for right hypochondrial pain and fever. His medical history indicated that he received percutaneous aspiration and ethanol injection for polycystic liver disease 5 years previously. His family history was unremarkable. Physical examination revealed epigastric tenderness without rebound pain. Laboratory data indicated leukocytosis with a white blood cell count of 13,300/mL (neutrophils, 80%; lymphocytes, 16%; monocytes, 2%; eosinophils, 2%), and an elevated C-reactive protein of 12.8 mg/dL. The other biochemical test results were as follows: aspartate aminotransferase, 25 IU/L; alanine aminotransferase, 23IU/L; total bilirubin level, 1.2 mg/dL; and lactate dehydrogenase, 190 IU/L. Chest radiographs revealed no abnormality. Emergency contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) revealed multiple liver cysts. The diameter of the largest cyst was 25 cm and was located in the right lobe. A second large lesion in the left lobe had higher density on CT than the other cysts and had a slightly thickened wall (Figure A, B). What is the diagnosis? How should the patient be managed? Look on page 1431 for the answer and see the Gastroenterology web site (www.gastrojournal.org) for more information on submitting your favorite image to Clinical Challenges and Images in GI.


Introduction State and Market Economic Policy Industry and Work Social Welfare Education, Health and Housing Law and Order Foreign Relations and Defence Britain and Europe Constitutional Reform Accountability and Sleaze Nationalism and Devolution Gender, Ethnicity and Discrimination The Environment BSE and the Politics of Events Conclusion: Issues and the Political Process


This article introduces the framework of the networkes virtual laboratory.In view of the different communications needs of the complex network control system,this method organically combines and synthesises two kinds networks technology of TCP/IP and DataSocket,which provides one kind scheme that can realize communication between virtual laboratorys based on LabWindows/CVI.Through testing,this plan perfectly realizes the virtual laboratory networked,and provides an important model for the laboratory construction.


A system is said to be in "deadlock" whenever it is stuck in a state where each part of the system is waiting for some event that can only be caused/triggered by another part of the system. (which is also waiting for another part, etc.) The various parts wait on eachother, and no progress can be made (the system state cannot change).


Combining with a pumping station in East Route of South-to-North Water Diversion Project,the method of physical model test and the method of numerical simulation were used to study the performance of saddle zone in Low Lift Vertical Axial-Flow Pump System Model.The results of the test show that:there are unstable saddle zones of the low lift vertical axial-flow pump system in the whole flow range,and the water head range of saddle zone is about 1.3Hd~1.6Hd;the flow range of saddle zone is different in every blade angle and when blade angle is 0°,the flow range of saddle zone is about 50%~75% of the design flow.The flow characteristics of saddle zone in the low lift vertical axial-flow pump system model were analyzed by combining numerical simulation results.Results show that the second time reflex in wheel flange of runner entrance and wheel hub of runner exit is the major reason causing efficiency depression and instability in saddle zone.


The framework of allostasis, allostatic load and overload (i.e., stability through change) attempts to combine homeostasis processes in day-to-day responses of physiology and behavior. These include predictive changes in environment such as seasons, and facultative responses to perturbations. The latter can be severe, occur at any time, and may present considerable additional challenges to homeostasis. Hormonal cascades, such as the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal cortex (HPA) axis, play a key role in responses to perturbations across vertebrate taxa. Glucocorticoids have been implicated in these processes in relation to energy balance that plays a role in determining responses to energetic demand (allostatic load) and influencing subsequent physiology and behavior associated with coping. Circulating glucocorticoid levels are likely regulated in part based on an individual's proximity to energetic crisis, identified as the perturbation resistance potential (PRP). In the model of allostatic load, PRP is quantified as the difference between available resources and all energetic costs of allostatic load such as daily routines, life history stages (breeding, migration, molt and so on), and the impact of environmental perturbations. PRP can change gradually or abruptly and may be reflected by spikes in blood hormone levels. The pattern of individual responsiveness to PRP may vary and has specific implications for the activation of mineralocorticoid vs glucocorticoid-type receptors, hormone metabolizing enzymes and other downstream factors in target tissues. However, PRP is a difficult metric to measure. Here, we examine the variety of cues that animals may use to inform them about the status of their PRP and probability of energetic crisis. We consider (1) elevation in glucocorticoids as an endocrine "decision," and (2) error management strategies in evaluating responsiveness to cues that may reflect or predict an impending energetic crisis. The potential for differential receptor activation as well as further integrative "decisions" to determine the diverse and sometimes contradictory effects of receptor activation and its downstream actions are important to the consideration of error management. This perspective offers insight into the basis of intra- and inter-individual variability in responsiveness and opens an avenue toward improving compatibility of the allostasis model with more classical views on "stress".


By observing the images of the pharaoh in temples and tombs, we can notice that some specific king's postures cannot be found in common human positions. These "royal" body positions must have had a…


The present article examines the book Juicio Critico del Bosquejo Historico de la Republica Oriental del Uruguay por el Dr. D. Francisco A. Berra written by Carlos Maria Ramirez and the role of the author in the cons- truction of Jose Artigas idealized image. Published in 1882, a period represen- ted by the intense debate about the Uruguayan past, this work participated in the image rehabilitation process of the independentist leader characterizing him as a great Uruguayan Nationality Precursor and rescuer.


ABSTRACT Purpose: To review the current literature of quadriceps tendon (QT) autograft tissue for ACL reconstruction and assess its evidence to become a more mainstream graft option Methods: A database review of clinical studies involving quadriceps tendon autograft tissue for ACL reconstruction was compared to results of ACL reconstructions using BTB and hamstring autograft tissue. Results: 20 articles were noted totaling 1,686 reconstructions including 6 studies which compared QT to either hamstring or BTB grafts. Quadriceps tendon grafts reported significantly less anterior knee pain (3.8%) compared to BTB (17.4%) and hamstring (11.5%) while providing clinical stability, adequate amount of graft tissue, and subjective outcomes comparable to traditional BTB and HS autograft options. Conclusions: Quadriceps tendon autograft is a strong and clinically proven alternative to BTB and hamstring autografts while decreasing graft site morbidity and should be considered a first line ACL graft option.


The analysis of the drilling rigs, being operated nowadays allowing making the drilling at depths about 25008000 meters, shows that for the drilling of oil and gas wells on the territory of the Russian Federation, the rigs with the direct current controlled-velocity electric drive, in the majority, are used. Thus, rigs with drilling depth more than 4500 meters and offshore drilling rigs belong to consumers of the first category. Application of direct current electric drive like that of induction drive as an alternative solution for them is caused by necessity to ensure more advanced adjustment while controlling the drilling unit's main mechanisms. It is obvious that such condition of a problem of reliability ensuring of an electro-technical complex functioning of drilling rigs demands the carrying out of scientific researches for the purpose of profitability increase of drilling rigs and the functioning reliability of their systems.


The article provides the main reason for the pollution of solar modules and, consequently, a decrease in the efficiency of their work, in particular, dust pollution.Article describes the characteristics of dust, namely, its electrical properties depending on the source of origin, that is, the electric charge and electrical conductivity, which affect the adhesion of dust particles to the module surface, examples of the place of origin of various types of dust, their sizes, and other main parameters are given. It also describes the areas on the planet most polluted with aerosol dust particles. Dust deposition on the module significantly reduces the generation of electrical energy, which affects its current-voltage characteristic. The electrical properties of dust have been proposed to be used in the development of special devices for cleaning settled dust or preventing dust.


This paper is about two requirements on wish reports whose interaction motivates a novel semantics for these ascriptions. The first requirement concerns the ambiguities that arise when determiner phrases, such as definite descriptions, interact with 'wish'. More specifically, several theorists have recently argued that attitude ascriptions featuring counterfactual attitude verbs license interpretations on which the determiner phrase is interpreted relative to the subject's beliefs. The second requirement involves the fact that desire reports in general require decision-theoretic notions for their analysis. The current study is motivated by the fact that no existing account captures both of these aspects of wishing. I develop a semantics for wish reports that makes available belief-relative readings but also allows decision-theoretic notions to play a role in shaping the truth conditions of these ascriptions. The general idea is that we can analyze wishing in terms of a two-dimensional notion of expected utility.


Objective Inspect the effect and targetability on folate-conjugated albumin nanoparticles by animal experiment.Methods Making mouse liver tumor model with immediate injection method.,mice with liver tumor were divided into several groups for experiments of distribution and pharmacodynamics in vivo.Results Calcein level of liver tissue in the group of F-BSANP entrapping calcein was the highest in all groups;The living phase of mouse injected with F-BSANP entrapping arsenic trioxide is the longest.Conclusion F-BSANP entrapping drugs can significantly enhance the drugs to tumor sites and improve their efficacy.


Is FMR1 (Fragile-X-Mental Retardation 1 Gene)-targeting miR-323a related to poor ovarian response and what impact does it have on the folliculogenesis-regulating SMAD-signaling pathway?

 In poor ovarian responders, miR-323a is significantly upregulated, FMRP – downregulated. Human granulosa cells, transfected with a miR-323a mimic, show an upregulation of SMAD proteins.

 Folliculogenesis is a complex process, regulated, among others, by FMR1 and its protein FMRP. MicroRNAs are involved in translational repression, controlling ovarian function and follicular development. miR-323a suppresses FMR1 in tumor cells, but their relationship has not been evaluated in the human ovary. miR-323a also interacts with components of SMAD pathways, which regulate cell proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis. SMADs belong to the downstream signaling of bone morphogenetic protein-receptor-2, and our previous data shows that its expression is affected by FMRP. Thus, researching miR-323a together with its target molecules may provide more insight into the pathogenesis of poor ovarian response.

 For ex vivo experiments, we investigated human granulosa cell (HGC) samples of poor (POR, N = 22) and normal (NOR, N = 32) ovarian responders, with an ongoing sample collection which began in 2013. Our in vitro experiments were performed on COV434 cell line, transfected with a microRNA-323a-3p mimic. RNA extraction and RT-qPCR were performed to determine the relative expression levels of the targets, with NOR serving as the control group ex vivo and non-transfected COV434 cells in vitro.

 54 patients who underwent IVF/ICSI treatments were recruited and divided into two groups based on their ovarian response according to the Bologna criteria. HGCs were collected during oocyte retrieval, and COV434 cell line was used for miRNA mimic transfection experiments. Briefly, we performed RNA extraction, cDNA synthesis and TaqMan RT-PCR, as well as protein extraction and ELISA. The collected data was analysed using the 2–ΔΔCtmethod and Student's t-test.

 We found that miR-323a was significantly upregulated in HGCs of POR (p = 0.0324). FMR1 expression in this patient group showed a slight downregulation that did not reach statistical significance (p = 0.1054). Protein expression level analysis of 22 patients from this collective (NNOR=11, NPOR=10) demonstrated a significant downregulation of FMRP in POR (p = 0.0373), suggesting its participation in the pathogenesis of poor ovarian response. Additionally, in vitro upregulation of miR-323a resulted in altered expressions of SMAD-signaling pathway components. Namely, SMAD3 expression increased by 5.7 fold, SMAD4 – 1.6 fold, SMAD5 – 2.5 fold, and SMAD8 – 4.1 fold, compared to non-transfected COV434 cells, with SMAD3 results requiring further investigation due to an unexpected 2 fold elevation of its expression in the negative control (scramble) sample. FMR1 and SMAD1 expression levels remained stable between transfected cells and control samples. These findings show that FMR1-targeting miR-323a may play a critical role in regulating the SMAD pathways, thus affecting folliculogenesis, HGC proliferation and, ultimately, ovarian reserve, which is reduced in case of poor ovarian response.

 Larger patient sample size is needed to confirm the current results. An age-related influence cannot be ruled out because of the existing difference between the groups. More repeats of miR-323a-3p mimic transfection and miR-323a-3p inhibitor transfection should be carried out to support the in vitro findings.

 For the first time, we researched the expression levels of miR-323a in HGCs. Our results suggest that miR-323a, which, like FMRP, is downregulated in POR, is involved in the FMR1/FMRP regulatory loop, and its upregulation affects the SMAD-signaling pathway, deepening our understanding of the pathogenesis of poor ovarian response.

 not applicable


Objectives: Obesity is a crescent global disease that can trigger type II diabetes, cardiovascular disease and many others health problems. Obesity is characterized by white adipose tissue (WAT) accumulation. Adipocytes proliferate via pre‐adipocytes differentiation, which comprehends a well orchestraded sequence of events. Therefore, adipocyte differentiation is key step in development of obesity. Cathepsins play an important role on WAT differentiation, evidenced by the reduction of WAT in Cathepsin K or L KO mice. The objective of this study is to evaluate the expression of Cathepsins K, L and S (CatK, CatL and CatS) during the course of adipocyte differentiation. Methods: 3T3‐L1 cell culture was differentiated according to standard protocol, after 2 days of confluence cells were tretated with differentiation cocktail (isobutilmetylxantine, dexamethazone and rosiglitazone), and differentiation followed for additional 8 days. Cells were harvested at 0, 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 days time points of differentiation. Total RNA was obtained by Trizol and submitted to RT‐real time PCR. Expression of differentiation marker (ap2/FABP4), later regulators (C/EBPα and PPARγ2) and CatK, CatL and S were evaluated. Results: Cathepsin L is expressed at very high levels in 3T3‐L1 cells, followed by a high level expression of CatK. CatS is expressed at very low levels in 3T3‐L1 cells, when compared to the other Cathepsins. CatK has a steady expression troughout differentiation except for a 2.5 fold increased expression at Day 2. The CatL was not modulated by differentiation. CatS is very poorly expressed in 3T3‐L1, however Day 2 and Day 10 showed 10 fold higher levels when compared to Day 0. Conclusion: Cathepsins are expressed in 3T3‐L1 cells similarly to WAT. The peak expression of CatK and CatS on Day 2 suggests a possible role in the early stages of adipocytes differentiation.


Abstract Subject and purpose of work: The aim of the study was to present the development of the tourist function in the areas of Lower Silesian landscape parks. The subject of the study were the communes associated with Lower Silesian landscape parks. Materials and methods: The study covered 59 communes of the Lower Silesia Voiovodeship where 12 landscape parks are located. In this research six indicators of the level of tourism development were listed - three in the field of conditions of tourism development and three in the field of tourist traffic. Results: A significant dependency between the surface area of a landscape park and the state of tourismoriented land development was established. It turned out that among the 59 surveyed communes in 14 of them there are no tourist accommodation facilities. Conclusions: Based on the conducted surveys, it was found that the highest level of tourist function development occurs in the communes associated with the following landscape parks: Śnieżnik, the Sudety Wałbrzyskie, the Owl Mountains, Książ and Bóbr Valley Landscape Park.


Previous work shows that average returns on common stocks are related to firm characteristics like size, earnings/price, cash flow/price, book-to-market equity, past sales growth, long-term past return, and short-term past return. Because these patterns in average returns apparently are not explained by the capital asset pricing model, (CAPM), they are called anomalies. The authors find that, except for the continuation of short-term returns, the anomalies largely disappear in a three-factor model. Their results are consistent with rational intertemporal CAPM or arbitrage pricing theory asset pricing but the authors also consider irrational pricing and data problems as possible explanations. Copyright 1996 by American Finance Association.


Ensembles of decision trees, like Random Forests are efficient machine learning models with state-of-the-art prediction quality. However, their predictions are much less transparent than those of a single decision tree. In this paper, we describe a prediction model based on a single decision tree in terms of Formal Concept Analysis. We define a differential way to describing a decision rule. We conclude by presenting an approach to summing an ensemble of decision trees into a single decision semilattice with the same predictions.


The present invention discloses a fast image retrieval method based on the reference image index, which comprises two indexing and retrieval portion; index portion comprises the steps of: extracting features of the image in the image database, selecting an arbitrary image from the image database as a reference image similarity comparison method characterized by calculating the similarity distance for each image and the reference image in the image database, calculating an index number; sorting index, an index sequence is formed; retrieval section comprising the steps of: extracting a feature of the query image; calculated similarity distance query image and the reference image, calculating an index number; a query image is obtained by a binary search in the index sequence neighbors, i.e. similar image set. This method of introducing the reference image by using the feature similarity comparison method of forming a one-dimensional map image features to the real axis, indexing, effectively reducing the number of images need to be accessed, thus speeding up the speed of image search.


Product from queueing Petri Nets (PQPNs) combine the results of product form for Stochastic Petri Nets with the well-known BCMP results in one modeling formalism and include them as special cases. In this paper we establish an exact aggregation approach, based on the product form, which extends Norton's theorem for aggregation in multi-class product form Queueing Networks.


It is known that alcohol consumption has variability effect on cardiovascular system, which depends on many factors as: dose, time of use, sex, age and coexistence of diseases. Heavy ethanol intake can produce alcoholic cardiomyopathy, hypertension and disturbances of cardiac rhythm. However ethanol at low to moderate doses demonstrate a cardioprotective effect resulting in reduce the incidence of coronary heart disease and age hypertension. The mechanisms by which alcohol producer these effects is probably connected to ethanol influence on plasma lipoproteins and blood coagulation.


In this paper, we analyze the code tracking biases of single and double early-minus-late processing schemes which are widely used code tracking method for global navigation satellite systems. The code tracking bias which results from the distortion in symmetry of correlation values is arisen in the presence of multipath signals. To analyze them, two civil signals which are spreading signals modulated by binary phase shift keying and binary offset carrier are considered.


During the last years, the average power of commercial ultra-short pulsed laser sources increased significantly. The efficient utilization of the high average laser power in the field of material processing requires an effective distribution of the laser power onto the work piece. One approach to increase the efficiency is the application of beam splitting devices to enable parallel processing. But the shaping and steering of multiple beams requires particular optical systems which are not state of the art today. Limitations for large spot arrays are evaluated and considered for the design concept of appropriate optical systems. For the purpose of micro structuring with high demands on the spatial accuracy, an optical system based on a diffractive 14×14 beam splitter (DOE) is designed and set up. All partial beams are coupled into a scanner device by using a relay lens system. Furthermore, this relay lens system offers a practicable solution to remove higher diffraction orders of the DOE. Due to the scanner a highly dynamic, simultaneous deflection of all partial laser beams can be achieved. For the alignment and the experimental evaluation of the complex optical system appropriate measurement devices are necessary. The simultaneous determination of several spot positions is realized by a camera system and adapted evaluation software. First experiments of large-area processing metal foils show promising results.


Hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) was one of the major organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in the water and sediments of the Peacock River in Xinjiang, China. Analyzing the water and sediment samples by gas chromatography–electron capture detection (GC-ECD), it showed that all the HCH isomers (α-HCH, β-HCH, γ-HCH and δ-HCH) could be found in the sediment, and the range was from 0.13 ng/g to 6.58 ng/g. The ratios of α-HCH/γ-HCH at all the sites (except Site 2 and Site 6), were below 1.5, and it appeared that the sediment environment changed recently (there was newly input of γ-HCH) and the Bosten Lake was the most possible source. In the water, only β-HCH could be detected, the range was from N.D. to 0.019μg/L. Discuss the influencing factors of HCH solubility: it showed that the high salinity reduced the solubility of HCHs into the water, and the alkalescence increased the solubility.


Seedlings of mung bean (Phaseolus aureus) contain a soluble enzyme capable of converting l-tryptophan to indole-3-pyruvic acid by transamination. The concentration of the enzyme is highest in the stem meristem and primary leaves and lowest in the roots. The enzyme was purified 28.6 fold by ammonium sulphate precipitation, Sephadex G-200 filtration, and electrophoresis. The isoelectric point of the enzyme protein was pH 6.6. The optimum pH and temperature for the catalytic conversion were ca. 8.5 and 53°C respectively. Using l-tryptophan and α-ketoglutarate as substrates Km was found to be 3.3 × 10−4 M and the activation energy 18,270 cal per mole. The enzyme converted only the l-form of tryptophan, phenylalanine, tyrosine, and histidine. Out of 13 other l-amino acids tested 8 could be transaminated. Eight α-keto acids tested could all be used as substrates. High efficiency of an α-keto acid as an amino group acceptor agreed usually with high efficiency of the corresponding amino acid as a donor. The pari s-methyl-α-ketoisovaleric acid and isoleucine was an exception to that rule. Addition of pyridoxalphosphate to the reaction mixture was not needed.

The indole-3-pyruvic acid formed in the reaction was trapped and partly stabilized as its borate complex and measured spectrophotometrically at 327 nm. The keto acid formed was further identified by chromatography of its 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazone in 4 solvent systems. When using α-keto-glutaric acid as a substrate, the glutamic acid produced was determined by the glutamate dehydrogenase method. The sensitivity of the assay permits enzyme determinations in extracts from 5 mg leaves or 100 mg roots.


Rapid technological development in processor-controlled power electronics enables the employment of small transformers in their design, which leads to construction of lighter, smaller and, consequently, cheaper devices that are convenient to transport and store. The objective of this paper is to design a small, light, 12VDC to 240VAC, 50 Hz, ~500W inverter with a distortion factor of less than 2. This is performed with an efficient electronic circuit that forwards power through a high-frequency transformer. As a favorable output FFT spectrum is of major importance to the design of an inverter, Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) for the single-level unipolar inverter on the high voltage side, as well as conventional filtering techniques are employed. The design's performance is simulated in Matlab and its functional parameters are assessed with the overall prospect of building a prototype inverter at a later stage. The analysis presented herein reveals a 430W-capable inverter with dimensions 12×10×8cm, mass of 0.6Kg and total distortion factor of 1.4%, thus indicating fair prospects for the construction of such an inverter in the following months.


The structure of monolithic Al_2O_3 carrier has been distinctly known by determining.Although there is the different structure for preparated carrier under different components and conditions,pore size is all according with the scale law of fractal,and is a kind of fractal.This paper constructs fractal of monolithic carrier,gets its model——Honeycomb Fractal,derives expression formula of relating surface erea and volume increment,and analyzes meanings of surface fractal dimension.Moreover fractal dimension of carrier has been studied on the foundation of measuring pore diameter distribution,and the relationship of fractal dimension with preparative conditions,pore size and other performances of carrier has been detailed investigated.This method has important meaning to optimize operative condition and properties of carrier.


Modern physics experiment teaching should make some improvement in order to come up with the times. In this paper, some ideas from increase history of physics and the scientific background in teaching material, introduce experimental physics thoughts in teaching, reform the laboratory report and examination, and reform the tuitionary content of the teacher in class etc were put forward on reformation of modern physics experiment teaching. The partial ideas were put in practice. And the results are satisfactory.


Introduction. Of the movements occurring in the tissues of living beings, and of contractility.—The distribution of nerves to involuntary muscle. Distribution of nerves to the muscular fibres of the frog's bladder. Distribution of nerves to the muscular fibres in the walls of arteries, veins, the intestine, ducts of glands, &c. —The distribution of nerves to striped muscle. Of the arrangement of the dark-bordered nerve-fibres distributed to voluntary muscle and other tissues.


A consistent regional trend in the heat flow was observed. High heat flow ranging from 120 to 180 mW/m 2 observed in the Alderman Trough supports the proposition that it is part of a spreading back arc basin. Heat flow below average in the Tauranga Trough may indicate that it is not an active part of the back arc basin. On the Raukumara Plain, the heat flow is below average which is consistent with is being a fore arc bassin associated with the Kermadec-Hikurangi subduction zone. Elsewhere the heat flow was average or below average