The invention discloses white gourd multigrain fried flour. The white gourd multigrain fried flour is prepared from, by weight, 20-30 parts of white gourd, 80-100 parts of wheat flour, 40-50 parts of avena sativa kernels, 20-30 parts of perl barley, 8-12 parts of highland barley, 10-15 parts of chestnut kernels, 8-10 parts of white sesame seeds, 15-20 parts of blueberries, 2-3 part of radix angelicae, 2-3 parts of semen cassiae, 1-2 parts of lophatherum gracile, 1-2 parts of dianthus chinensis, 1-3 parts of emblic leafflower fruit, 1-2 parts of cortex acanthopanacis, 1-2 parts of evening primrose, 2-3 parts of Zornia gibbosa, 1-2 parts of lychee exocarp, and a proper amount of rice wine. According to the white gourd multigrain fried flour and a preparation method thereof, the various raw materials are fried, the mouth feel of the prepared flour is finer and smoother, the flavor is fragrant, nutritive value is higher, digestion is promoted due to the fact that various of coarse cereals are added, gastrointestinal tract adverse symptoms are improved, human body immunity is improved, and if food prepared by the flour is eaten for a long time, the spleen can be invigorated and the stomach can be nourished, vigor and strength can be improved, an anti-aging effect can be achieved, and the bowels can be relaxed.


This chapter examines the interplay between first performance and subsequent reception in fifth-century lyric and especially in Pindar's epinicians. It describes how poems trace their own travels from unrepeatable event to perpetuated artefact and draws conclusions about the shape of the literary culture behind Pindar's odes. Six sections discuss six passages that map their journey from performance into permanence. A concluding section then uses these passages as case studies and primary evidence in order to draw overarching conclusions about the relationship between the rhetoric of performance and the realities of literary practices. By studying Pindar's depictions of the life of his work we can better see how his poems found a place in a poetic culture stretching through time and space. Pindar brings the view sub specie aeternitatis into the moment of performance and also transmits the view from a certain hic et nunc into perpetuity.


The invention discloses an application program unloading method and device, and belongs to the technical field of computers. The application program unloading method includes the steps that a deleting command for removing desktop file folders is received, and the desktop file folders are located on the desktop and comprise at least one installed application program; after the deleting command is received, an unloading application thread is created; application programs in the desktop file folders are unloaded sequentially by the adoption of the unloading application thread; after the deleting command for deleting the desktop file folders is received, the application programs in the file folders are sequentially unloaded; due to the fact that all the application programs in the file folders can be uploaded in batches, the problems that only one application program is uploaded at a time, and many unloading operation steps need to be conducted when a great number of the application programs need to be uploaded are solved; the unloading operation steps are simplified, and the unloading operation efficiency is improved.


Morphological formation of the regenerated cellulose membranes from its cuprammonium hydroxide solution was investigated in connection with the change in the complex form between cellulose and cuprammonium hydroxide and material transportation during coagulation process using various aqueous coagulants (H+, Na+, K+, NH4+, Ca2+, Mg2+ with various counter ions). Scanning electron microscopically observation revealed that the morphological distribution estimated by pore size distribution in the thickness direction of the membranes are categorized into four types (two gradient types, homogeneously dense type and skin/void type) depending on pH and cation species (not anion species) of the coagulants, which are in turn the determinant of water permeability of the membrane. The each type of morphology was proved well correlated to the change in circular dichroism (CD) spectra taken for the coagulated gels as a function of coagulation time, which was also correlated to the transportation of ammonia and cupric ion from the original cellulose solution into the coagulants. Thus, the controlling of the morphology of the membranes from cellulose/cuprammonium hydroxide solution could be possible by simply selecting the cationic species of coagulants in general and the membrane with gradient pore distribution and having a relatively higher water permeability is obtainable by acid or ammonium salts as coagulant.


Players sit around a table. A group of adventurers pause in their pursuit of escape. Stunned, they stare at the die that just rolled poorly, resulting in the loss of a dear friend, his throat ripped out because they could not save him. The players mourn the death of a fictional character who only ever existed within the game. Dungeons & Dragons (D&D) is a popular role-playing game illustrating the interconnectedness of drama, performance, and games. My presentation will examine this relationship, identifying factors from gameplay that suggest how performance fosters success in D&D for both actual players and fictional characters. Research into dramatic theory and game theory reveals how interdisciplinary concepts such as the "magic circle", the "lusory attitude", and uncertainty can apply to elements of D&D (Salen and Zimmerman, Suits, Costikyan). Data collected from in-person observation of D&D sessions, coding participants' behaviour, and watching for instances of performance (e.g. voice change, pronoun switches, or mimetic gesture), has been combined with theoretical research to determine elements that better facilitate success in the game/campaign. These elements range from emotional situations that provoke players, to forms of invitations encouraging participation (Isbister, White). I have discovered that while in theatre performance acts as a vehicle for story, in D&D the story acts as a vehicle for performance. The in-game performance often facilitates fun between players, as well as leading them to success in the game, so a campaign that maximizes theatricality will not only result in more fun, but also more success.
Works Cited
Costikyan, Greg. Uncertainty in Games. MIT Press, 2013.
Isbister, Katherine. How Games Move Us: Emotion by Design. MIT Press, 2016.
Salen, Katie, and Eric Zimmerman. Rules of Play: Game Design Fundamentals. The MIT Press, 2004.
Suits, Bernard Herbert. The Grasshopper: Games, Life, and Utopia. Broadview Press, 2014.
White, Gareth. Audience Participation in Theatre: Aesthetics of the Invitation. Springer, 2013.


The invention relates to a method for improving freshwater fish quality with beneficial microorganisms, belongs to the field of aquaculture microorganism application and aims to provide a microorganism application technical method for effectively improving freshwater fish quality. In 1-2 months before marketing of freshwater fish, cultured 'EM (effective microorganisms) are poured in an aquaculture water area every five days in sunny mornings on the conditions that the water temperature is above 15 DEG C and dissolved oxygen is not less than 3mg/L, so that abnormal taste of the freshwater fish under manual rich-water rearing conditions can be lessened to improve freshwater fish quality and increase aquaculture economic benefits. The method is technically simple, low in investment and risk, high in operability, simple to master and apply and easy to popularize.


In less than a decade, Deduction with Constraints (DwC) has opened a new universe in computer science. DwC can be viewed from two perspectives: one related to the automated deduction framework 17, 19], the other to the development and usage of programming languages based on logic 7, 14]. Within the automated deduction framework, constraints on the generic data structure \terms" have become a popular tool because they allow to express and encode strategies and to modularise deduction processes 19]. We call symbolic, constraints over terms 11]. There are plenty of symbolic constraint systems, some examples are uniication (see 16] for a survey), disuniication 10], ordering 5], membership 9, 13] and feature constraints 1]. The most well-known example is equational uniication. Equational uniication is nothing but solving equations between terms when the function symbols of the terms satisfy a certain equational theory. Within programming languages based on logic, the purpose is to develop a class of programming languages, which incorporates the computational properties of a logical theory with the eeciency of constraint solving. In this setting, Constraint Logic Programming (CLP) 7, 8, 15], instance of the Constraint Programming paradigm, is an elegant generalisation of logic programming, aimed at replacing uniication by the concept of constraint solving over a computation domain. Thus, CLP is a class of languages, which merges the computational properties of Horn-clause logic and eecient constraint solving over a given domain. J. Jaaar & J.-L. Lassez proposed in 14] a theoretical semantic, CLP (D), explaining the meaning of a CLP program,


PURPOSE: An anti-blocking hard coating film and a manufacturing method thereof are provided to obtain the high light transparent rate and low vague due to the diffuse reflection. CONSTITUTION: The UV curing coating layer(2) containing the colloidal silica in which the average granularity is 0.01~0.5. The UV curing coating layer dries the mixture of the colloidal silica(3) and ultraviolet ray curable composition after coating. The colloidal silica is leaped into in the surface of the coating layer. The high molecule material film is selected in the polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, polycarbonate, poly ethylene naphthalate, polyethylene terephthalate, PBT, triacetyl cellulose, acryl or the polyvinyl chloride.


SCUBA-2 has been operational on JCMT producing excellent science for almost 5 years. We describe the strategy and methods that we have evolved to keep one of the world's first "dry dilution refrigerators" and the other cryogenic systems working effectively at the summit of Mauna Kea, keeping the instrument functioning at peak efficiency for extended periods (over 12 months at a time), with minimum downtime. We discuss new plans to reduce day-to-day operational costs and to add remote management of the gas handling systems, as we look to the future and envisage another ten years of SCUBA-2 science.


In this paper, some properties of the interaction between a single-trapped ion and laser fields are discussed. Analytical and explicit expressions of the Wehrl entropy and Wehrl phase distribution are given taking into account different configurations of the laser field. The results show the important roles played by the fluctuations of the laser phase and initial state setting in the evolution of the Husimi Q-function, Wehrl entropy and Wehrl phase distribution.


ABSTRACT This article explores stories of former members of the Khmer Rouge who have converted to Christianity. It sheds light on the intersections of patterns of religious change in Cambodia, which implicates peace-building, redress, and development trajectories in the wake of conflict and atrocities. The case raises important questions about why former members of the Khmer Rouge convert to Christianity and the social, political, and ethical implications of their conversions. We explore these questions to show that, while transitions and attendant redress efforts in Cambodia have been principally explained at the level of the state, we should pay closer attention to the granular experiences of former Khmer Rouge members as they navigate Cambodia's changing post-conflict terrain, and the social and cultural sites through which they have made their experiences of the past meaningful.


In this paper, we utilize a disjunction of familiar inductive beliefs—the disjunction being deductively valid—to show that we have inductive knowledge. While this is in itself philosophically significant, the implications of this for a justification of induction are also explored. Induction will be found to be supported but not justified by the proposed example. Lastly deriving support from the example, an abductive justification of induction will be sketched.


Every generation owns the particular uniqueness in expectation, experience, generational history, lifestyle, value, and demography which influenced the buying behaviour. In terms of brand loyalty, X generation is less interested to try a new brand rather than their younger colleagues. Therefore, many companies reach their multi-generation customers and try to understand in order to get the attention of its various customers. Besides, consumer behaviour is the main field and resource of CRM (Customer Relationship Management) Program, therefore, it is important to evaluate the pattern and motive behind the buying behavior each generation through its own characteristics. This research aimed at knowing the influence of product quality, price, image brand, and electronic word of mouth (EWOM) to brand switching smartphone for X and Millennial generation. The sample of this research is 100 respondents of X generation and 100 respondents of Millennial Generation whom domiciliated in Denpasar City. The techniques of collecting the sample are purposive sampling method. The method of analyzing data by using Multiple Linear Regression by testing R2, t-test, f test, and ANOVA test. By doing a hypothesis test, product quality and price have a significant positive impact to brand switch in X generation while in the Millennial generation, the factor which has a significant positive impact is the brand image. The result of t-test shows that variable of product quality, price, brand image, and who has simultaneously impact to brand switching for both generations. The result for R2 test of X generation is 55% and Millennial generation is 11 %. The result of the ANOVA test shows that there is average diversity in both generations with 0,005 significance.


To date there are extensive studies of optical nonlinearities in whispering gallery resonators (WGRs) in the near and mid-infrared wavelengths. Pushing this research into the visible region is equally valuable. Here, we demonstrate a Kerr frequency comb and Raman lasing at 462 nm in an SiO2 WGR. Notably, due to the high optical intensities achieved, photodarkening is unavoidable and can quickly degrade the optical quality of both the coupling optical nanofiber and the microcavity even at very low pump powers. Nonetheless, stable stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) and hyper-parametric oscillation in normally dispersed WGRs is demonstrated in the presence of photodarkening by taking advantage of in-situ thermal bleaching. These observations highlight the challenges of silica-based, short wavelength nonlinear optics in high quality, small mode volume devices. We propose a method to overcome this apparent limitation and demonstrate blue-band nonlinear optical processes in silica WGRs, thus providing a baseline for optics research in the blue region for any optical devices fabricated from SiO2.


Background We previously conducted an anonymous survey on universal screening for uterine cervical cancer (UCC), genital Chlamydia trachomatis (CT), and bacterial vaginosis (BV) among pregnant women in Hokkaido (Japan) in 2004, and the screening rates were 87.5% (49/56), 87.5% (40/56), and 57.1% (32/56), respectively. According to the Japanese guidelines for obstetric practice published in 2008 and revised in 2011, universal screening for UCC and genital CT is recommended, but not for all asymptomatic BV patients. We investigated how the screening rates changed from 2004 to 2012. Methods The number of obstetric care facilities in Hokkaido was 113 in 2004 and 97 in 2012. We conducted an anonymous survey on universal screening for UCC, genital CT, and BV and compared the results of the 2004 and 2012 surveys. Our questionnaires in 2004 and 2012 were similar with the exception of the questions about timing of genital CT and BV screenings and diagnostic methods for BV in 2012. Results Survey response rates in 2004 and 2012 were 49.6% (56/113) and 72.9% (70/96), respectively. There were 44,020 deliveries in 2004 and 38,686 in 2012. In 2012, a total of 98.7% (69/70), 100% (70/70), and 67.1% (47/70) of facilities participated in universal screening for UCC, genital CT, and BV, respectively. Compared to 2004, screening rates significantly increased for UCC and genital CT, but did not show a significant difference for BV. However, the number of patients who participated in the screening test for BV significantly increased from 60.1% in 2004 to 75.4% in 2012 (P < 0.001). Conclusions Universal screening for UCC and genital CT followed the guidelines, but not for BV, which showed an increase when compared to the survey in 2004. Obstetricians in Hokkaido are now starting to consider the importance of BV screening and treatment in early pregnancy. Satoshi Shimano1, Takashi Yamada2, Tomoko Sonoda3, Tatsumi Yamaguchi4, Masahiro Mizunuma5, Mamoru Morikawa6 and Hisanori Minakami6


htmlabstractBehavior-oriented Adaptation in Testing (BAiT) is a toolset, which supports test generation and execution for deterministic and nondeterministic systems with data. It covers the generation of test cases from a (formal) system specification and test purposes, the identification and selection of test data during test execution and, where necessary and possible, the dynamic adaptation of a test run to the reactions of the implementation under test. The test generation part of the toolset is based on the tool Test Generation with Verification Techniques (TGV) from the Caesar/Aldebaran Development Package (CADP


Objective To treat nipple discharge with localized galactography and selecting segmental mastectomy.Methods Fifteen patients were treated with retaining catheters into nipple,doing galactography,injecting Methylene Blue from catheters before operation,and then perforing selecting segmental mastectomy.Results Fifteen cases were all cured.All patients were followed up for two years and no recurrent case was found.Conclusion The method is easy to perform with high successful rate.It is of important to popularize for treating nipple discharge.


About 18 adult cockerels and 180 adult Japanese quails were used to determine the bioavailability of minerals viz., calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, manganese and copper from soybean and fishmeal. The soybean meal was offered to cockerels as per Farrell's "Rapid ME" method. The fishmeal was fed by crop intubation method. On the other hand, both the feedstuffs were fed to quails as per Farrell's technique. In soybean meal, the availability of calcium, phosphorus, magnesium and manganese were higher (P<0.01) for cockerels as compared to quails. No significant species difference was observed in copper availability. The Ca, P and Mg availability values of fish meal were higher (P<0.001) in quails. On the contrary, the Cu and Mn availabilities were higher in cockerels. Overall, the bioavailability of minerals was markedly higher from fish meal as compared to soybean meal irrespective of species. The present observations revealed that the Japanese quails were significantly better in assimilating minerals from fish meal as compared to cockerels with the exception of copper and manganese. Hence, it may be concluded that the mineral bioavailability values determined with cockerels does not support its application in quail feed formulations.


Ginkgo is a genus of highly unusual non-flowering plants with one extant species. The Ginkgoaceae is a family of gymnosperms which appeared during the Mesozoic Era, of which the only extant representative is Ginkgo biloba, which is for this reason sometimes regarded as a living fossil. Extracts of Ginkgo contain flavonoid glycosides and terpenoids (ginkgolides, bilobalides) and have been used pharmaceutically. Polysaccharides of G. biloba can reduce blood sugar, immune regulation, antioxidation, anti-inflammatory effects and play an important role in anti-tumor effects. At present, the method of water extraction and alcohol precipitation was generally used for the extraction of polysaccharides from G. biloba. The de-protein methods of polysaccharides were Savag's and trichloroacetic acid method. The extracted polysaccharides were generally a mixture and usually use a combination of two or more methods to separate from proteins and other contaminants to yield pure polysaccharides. The commonly used methods for purification were the step-by-step precipitation, salting-out and column chromatography method. Polysaccharides of G. biloba were polymers of glucose, rhamnose, arabinose, mannose, galactose and xylose. In this review, we summarized previous and current researches on polysaccharides from G. biloba and provide new insights for future work on polysaccharide of this specie.


Background: There are multiple factors responsible for preterm delivery. It is difficult to completely separate factors associated with prematurity from those are associated with 'IUGR [4]. Objective: To determine morbidity and mortality pattern of preterm very low birth weight babies in neonatal period. Methods: A total number of 200 preterm very low birth weight babies consecutively admitted in this hospital were enrolled into this study. The information about the babies gathered from the history and physical examination and recorded within 24 hours of admission. Each infant was reassessed daily to record the progress and to document any new complication. In his study 50% was male and 50% was female babies. Among them 8.5% was extremely Low birth weight, 1.5% was incredibly low birth weight babies. About 64.5% of preterm VLBW babies were associated with multiple pregnancy- among them 57.1% twin pregnancy and 7.5% triplet pregnancy. Each baby had one or more problems -infection 33% (septicemia congenital pneumonia and umblical sepsis), perinatal asphyxia 30%, poor feeding 10%, neonatal jaundice 28.5, neonatal seizure 14 %, apnea 16.5%, RDS 5 %, Hypoglycemia 7%, hypocalcaemia 2.5 %, were the major problems. Result: Among the studied neonates mortality rate was 32.5 %. Perinatal asphyxia 30%, septicemia. 20.50 % were the major cause of death in preterm infants. Immediate outcome of preterm VLBW infants was closely related to maternal illness during pregnancy. We found mortality rate was related to gestational age, highest (100 %) among the babies of gestational age less than 28 weeks and lowest in babies of gestational age 35 weeks or more. Lower gestational age was associated with higher mortality rate. Higher mortality rates were observed among babies delivered vaginally (24.7%) compared to caesarian section (16.7 %). In addition to prematurity-birth weight was the important factor influencing the mortality observed in the present study. Conclusion: This study ...


The paper presents an attempt to evaluate the exhaust emissions generated by transport in the Poznan agglomeration. The basis for the modeling of the exhaust emissions was the on-going characteristics of the individual groups of vehicles and a forecasted structure change of these groups for the years 2012–2030. The determination of average on-road emissions as a function of daily distance covered by individual vehicle groups was the basis for the determination of the change in the annual pollution. The assumed values of the exhaust emission concentrations from passenger vehicles were based on the performed tests under actual traffic conditions while for the other categories the authors adopted the test results of earlier works of the research team with the Chair of Combustion Engines at Poznan University of Technology. In the paper the authors assumed an increase in the share of vehicles meeting the latest applicable emission standards as well as changes in the distance covered by the vehicles. The result of the analysis will be accumulated annual exhaust emissions for a given vehicle


It is generally agreed that the establishment of the Permanent Court of International Justice brought about a decisive advance in the development of arbitration. It not only made possible the elimination of the occasional element of arbitration by substituting for it a permanent institution capable of creating a real case law, but it also removed a difficulty which until then had been insuperable, viz., the question of the composition of an arbitral tribunal.


The purpose of this study was to analyze the influence of the BI rate and the inflation rate on the amount of savings at PT bank Mandiri, Tbk. In the last three years PT Bank Mandiri Tbk has been able to establish itself as the largest bank in Indonesia with quite large asset holdings according to the Finance Indonesia website. These assets are the result of raising funds from the public which are influenced by several factors, including inflation and interest rates. Therefore, the efforts that have been made so far need to be maintained and even increased so that the amount of funds raised by PT Bank Mandiri Tbk in the future will increase even more.Data collection techniques by searching data at Bank Mandiri and websites of data statistics centers. The analytical method used is the Multiple Linear Regression model. SPSS application is used to help test this model. The results of the study show that the BI rate and inflation rate have a significant effect on the amount of savings. The influence of the BI rate and the inflation rate on total savings is 89.1%.


Water tree ageing experiments have been performed on a low-density grade of polyethylene and two high-density grades. The materials were chosen for their relative susceptibilities to environmental stress cracking (ESC). It was shown that the threshold field for water tree initiation is greater in the high-density co-polymer (41/spl plusmn/6 kV/mm) than in the homo-polymer (35/spl plusmn/5 kV/mm). The threshold fields agreed well with a theoretical prediction based on the electrokinetic model; the model shows that there is a transition from dielectric to mechanical power loss at /spl sim/40 kV/mm. Failure of a polymer due to ESC is a synergistic affair involving a mechanical stress and a wet environment; if the environment includes a surfactant, then ESC is greatly accelerated. Similar synergies do not exist during wet electrical time-to-failure experiments. The use of a surfactant solution during wet electrical ageing greatly increased the density of water trees, but these trees were relatively small and slow growing. This resulted in a substantial endurance time relative to wet electrical ageing in plain tap water. When ageing in tap water only, it was found that of the two grades of linear high-density polyethylene the one engineered to be more resistant to failure due to ESC was also found to be resistant to failure due to WTG.


Optical tracking systems used in image-guided
surgery suffer a fact that the localization error is larger along
the axis from the camera to the fiducial than the other two
orthogonal axes. The localization error of fiducials is
anisotropic. In this paper, we proposed an algorithm to
approximate the fiducial localization error (FLE) and the
weighting matrix for each fiducial point in physical space. Our
method of treating FLE is consistent with the assumption that
FLE for each fiducial is normally distributed with zero mean.
Registration experiments with fiducials selected from a lumbar
training phantom were performed to compare the value of
fiducial registration error (FRE) of isotropic and anisotropic
registration. For anisotropic registration, we calculated the
transformation with weighting matrix for every fiducial, and
the value of FRE also can be reduced dramatically. It can be
concluded that FRE will be improved obviously by anisotropic
registration algorithm with ideal weighting matrix for every
fiducial points.
Keywords-tracking systems; point-based registration;
anisotropic weighting; fiducial localization error


Speculators, fortune tellers, and psychics have flourished during prior periods of unprecedented and unnerving national calamity. Our current situation is no different, although the players have been polished up as they make bold predictions regarding the implications of the worldwide COVID-19 pandemic on our future society and health care system. Management consultants are feverishly publishing and offering their premium services to share prophecies around the consequences and fundamental change that will result from our current crisis. Many variables across our society, including social and political unrest, are in simultaneous state of change making detailed predictions about the future more speculative than ever. Although it may be too early to accurately predict the future, we can and should look to the broader trends that existed before the pandemic that are now under more scrutiny and pressure in today's environment. The pandemic has accelerated many existing precrisis trends and has dramatically uncovered the fragility of our health care system. The inequities and social implications of our fragmented delivery system and national health care funding strategies have been undeniably exposed. Future analysis will surely document the outcome variances between communities that were able to respond to the pandemic with an integrated health care response compared to those communities that lacked the system integration and cooperation to marshal a comprehensive response. The instability of our existing health care finance and reimbursement system, which necessitates and prioritizes specialized procedures that must subsidize general and intensive medical care, has brought many of our largest and most prestigious health care systems to their brink with implications that will last much longer than the pandemic itself. The vulnerability of private and group medical practices with limited financial reserves and access to capital has resulted in long-term uncertainty for many practices. Positively and appropriately, front-line physicians and health care workers have been praised and their professional reputations elevated for heroic actions and personal sacrifices responding to the COVID-19 pandemic. So too have physiatrists been deployed to the front line and have converted rehabilitation units and innovatively reengineered practices to maintain crucial continuity of care for the most vulnerable patients. The rapid response and inspiring achievements of medical science and research have moved from scientific journals to front-page news. Yet these merited accolades for the medical community are coming during a time of great hardship and disruption in the profession. Temporary practice closures and the ongoing significant reductions in patient volume, combined with higher practice expenses (e.g., personal protective equipment [PPE] and other safety investments) threaten the stability of physician practices and are creating profound fiscal and emotional stress on practitioners at the very time they are being asked to step forward. Surveying by the American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (AAPM&R), as well as the American Medical Association, Received: 15 April 2021 Accepted: 15 April 2021


An improved Auger electron spectrometer is presented, using concentric hemispheres accessed by retarding electron lenses. Two modes of operation are available. The first is a constant resolving power mode in which the resolving power is variable from 500 to 4000, by selection of working distance and applied potentials. The collection efficiency is 0.2% of 2 pi sr at a resolving power of 500. The second is a constant hemisphere pass energy mode. By consecutive use of the two modes, the spectrometer will scan from 1 eV to 2 keV. The collection efficiency can be increased to 3% at a resolving power of 300 but aberrations degrade the performance. The analyser is mounted on an 8 in Conflat flange. Finally, the Auger spectrum of lithium is presented.


Through the practice of strength and beauty design competition, the innovation education mode of graduate students in local comprehensive university was discussed. Innovation of educating method and concept is good for the teacher-student relationship and education environment.


In the formation of the baroque style Italy represented only one pole. Her influence was decisive primarily in the development of vocal monody. The other pole was England. Her influence was decisive in the development of an abstract instrumental style which spread from England to the Netherlands and from there all over Europe. Bukofzer-Music in the Baroque Era. p. 71 A. English Music on The Continent In the development of abstract instrumental music, England's role has most generally been thought of as that of recipient rather than contributor. Orchestral and chamber music literature would appear to be a continental European phenomenon, particularly of Germany. Records of composers, performers, and musical publications on the continent, however, indicate that English music was held in high esteem during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. In this context, King states,


A quantitative theoretical model for 1/f and low‐frequency noise due to bulk traps in semiconductor resistors has been developed. The model is based on the fact that random fluctuations of the steady‐state deep‐level‐trapped electron density, at some point in a depletion layer, decay exponentially with a relaxation time which depends on the local free electron density, the intrinsic properties of the semiconductor and the trap energy. The model, which is valid for relaxation times which are much longer than the free electron transit time, was applied to the case of a Schottky‐barrier field effect resistor. Our results show that the low‐frequency noise spectrum generated by deep‐level traps with a broad spatial distribution throughout the depletion layer, is very sensitive to Fermi‐Dirac trap statistics. The discrete distribution of flatband trap energy levels is the crucial parameter which determines the spectral density and range of the low‐frequency noise. Monoenergetic traps generate a considerably bro...


Objective: Children with nephrotic syndrome (NS) have a stressful condition, and oxidative damage may impair their treatment response. This study aims to gain a better understanding of the relationship between oxidative stress and NS to lay the basis for further research into improved diagnostic options, treatment, and prevention of the disease.
Methods: We took a blood sample from 100 Indian patients aged 2-14 y. Each patient was tested for oxidative stress. The buege method was used to assess MDA levels in patients. The pyrogallol method was used to measure SOD activity in blood serum, and the jollow method was used to measure glutathione levels.
Results: The levels of oxidative stress markers (MDA, SOD, and GSH) were compared between NS patients and the control. SOD and GSH concentrations were significantly decreased in the NS group when compared to the control. In contrast, MDA level was significantly higher in the NS group than in the control. In the correlation analysis, we found that the serum SOD activity was significantly positively correlated with serum albumin and creatinine level in patients with NS. Thus, oxidative stress in children with NS is indicated by reduced antioxidant potential because of low albumin. Therefore, it is thought that oxidative stress is implicated in the development of NS in Indian children.
Conclusion: We concluded that oxidative stress was intensified in children with NS due to decreased antioxidant levels caused by hypoalbuminemia.


The cAMP Receptor Protein (CRP) of Escherichia coli requires a conformational change induced by the binding of cAMP in order to function as a site‐specific DNA‐binding protein. An intrinsic fluorescence study showed that the tryptophan residues at position 13 and 85 within CRP were located in an internal, nonpolar environment, and the conformational change induced by the binding of cAMP occurred around the tryptophan residue. NMR experiment has manifested that the comformational change around the tryptophan residue at position 85 and histidine residue at position 159 of CRP is induced by the binding of cAMP. An extrinsic fluorescence study showed that the distance between the two cysteine 178 residues in the dimer was within about 3.5 Å. This distance didn't exhibit a large change upon cAMP binding.


This paper gives a basic concept of asymmetry protection for HVDC system. The Asymmetry protection has functions that detect 60㎐/120㎐ components due to misfiring or commutation failure and protect HVDC system from overvoltage and overcurrent. The Asymmetry protection model consists of band-pass filter, RMS calculator, level detect, integrator, comparator. This paper shows model's configuration and operating characteristics.


Based on professional degree master education in computer,this paper highlights application,innovation,and adaptability of the talent demand attributes,adopt the model of professional master's training of abroad and home as reference,use advantages and avoid weakness.We construct eBoyer-CIPP,a series of training plan architecture for professional masters in computer by combining actual cases with accumulation of the postgraduate individual.The e-Boyer-CIPP underline the role of engineering-driven clues,runs though implementing topological order of masters in computer.It can adjust the balance of academic attainments and professional skills,optimize the details of implementation,develop the general scheme of computer application talent training under the premise of persisting in the aim of talent quality and guidance of the clues of process.


In this paper, the use of high-resolution images for identification of urban features through pixel-based image fusion techniques is discussed. Fusion techniques are used to merge high spatial resolution panchromatic (PAN) image with low spatial resolution multispectral (MS) image to enhance the visual quality/appearance of some of the urban features present in the image. In this paper nine pixel-based fusion techniques, viz., Principal Component Analysis (PCA), multiplicative, Brovey transformation, wavelet analysis, subtractive, HPF, modified IHS, Ehlers, and hyperspherical color space, are discussed for the fusion of PAN and MS IKONOS images. The fused images are interpreted on the basis of visual comparison, correlation coefficients and histogram statistics. All the nine fusion techniques improved the resolution and the visual appearance of the original MS image. These are comparable to the resolution of the original PAN image. All the three resampling methods (nearest neighborhood, bilinear interpolation and the cubic convolution) do not have any significant effect on the final visual appearance of the fused images. All fusion techniques result in a change of the statistical parameters of the original images. The multiplicative technique results in major changes of the statistical parameters than the other techniques. After doing visual comparison and analyzing the statistical parameters, the Brovey and the PCA techniques seem to gather more information of urban features in fused PAN and MS IKONOS images.


. Let S be an N d -graded algebra over a noetherian ring and a finitely generated N d -graded S -module M . This paper will study the relationship of filter-regular sequences of M to joint reductions and homogeneous parameter systems. As an application, we show that any maximal filter-regular sequence is a joint reduction of (S 1 ,...,S d ) with respect to M, and any maximal strong-filter-regular sequence is a reduction of S + with respect to M. And we characterize the existence of parts of homogeneous parameter systems for M consisting of elements of total degree 1 via strong-filter-regular sequences.


This paper proposes an analytical model to identify causes and locations of pollutants. The model is developed based on the types of pollutants, features found in the surrounding areas, while factoring wind speed and direction. The model uses a modified Gaussian air dispersion model to fit the needs of rendering the data of limited number of monitoring stations. It models real-time data captured through air quality monitoring stations. Real-time traffic data is integrated with data from air quality monitoring stations with GIS to model to identify possible causes of pollutants from surrounding roads. The data is analysed for air pollutants and its dispersion to the surrounding areas. The modified Gaussian model implemented quickly analyses and identifies the potential sources of pollution and predicts the locale of the affected areas. The model allows for crisis response of hazardous pollutants in real-time.


Measuring the shape, motion, and physical properties of oscillating fluids is critical for understanding the physics of fluid systems and optimizing and controlling them in real-time. Conventional surface measurement techniques such as profile analysis or stereo reconstruction are not effective for monitoring fluids in industrial processes due to occluding structures, extreme heat, and complex light interactions at the fluid surface. We pro-pose a video-based method comprising forward and inverse transforms. The forward transform employs a physics-based fluid surface model combined with a ray-traced renderer to map shape and motion parameters to synthetic video frames. The inverse transform uses machine learning models to recover surface parameters from video. The inverse models are trained on synthetic data generated by the forward transform. We illustrate the method on an industrial 3D printer for which we recover the motion and surface of a molten aluminum alloy oscillating inside a microscopic nozzle. The inverse transform is ill-posed but can be regularized. We show that surface properties can be reliably inferred with ei-ther a suitably regularized nearest neighbor regressor or a deep convolutional network whose results are less stable but faster to compute.


In this work, the meander line employing periodic ground structure (MLEPGS) was fabricated on GaAs substrate for application to a miniaturization of RF components on MMIC, and its bandwidth characteristics were thoroughly investigated. According to measured results, the MLEPGS exhibited the wavelength much shorter than conventional meander line. Concretely, the wavelength of the MLEPGS with T of 20 μm was 1.19 mm at 5 GHz, which was 16 % of the conventional meander line. We also studied the bandwidth of the passband and stopband of the MLEPGS. According to the result, the MLEPGS could be employed for application to a miniaturized RF components up to Ka band. Above results indicate that the MLEPGS is a promising candidate for application to a miniaturization of RF components in microwave range.


We study the dynamics of a class of endomorphisms of A^N which restricts, when N = 1, to the class of unicritical polynomials. Over the complex numbers, we obtain lower bounds on the sum of Lyapunov exponents, and a statement which generalizes the compactness of the Mandelbrot set. Over the algebraic numbers, we obtain estimates on the critical height, and over general algebraically closed fields we obtain some rigidity results for post-critically finite morphisms of this form.


Aimed at the detection of ship targets using sky wave OTHR under the circumstances of short coherent integration time(CIT),an improved high resolution spectrum estimation method was proposed.Compared with the conventional methods,the proposed method has a higher resolution and can effectively estimate the Doppler spectrum,even the signal to noise ratio(SNR) is lower or the Doppler frequency of the target is closer to that of the first-order ocean clutter Bragg peak.By theoretic analysis and simulations it is proved that the effect of the proposed method is of effectiveness.


1. In winter the blood pressure of A. centralis retinae rises by undressing but in summer no change could he found.2. The influence of the warm bath on the blood pressure of A. centralis retinae could be divided into 3 stages. There is a sudden rise just after the body is ex- posed in the warm bath followed by decends for a while and rise again at the end of the bath. The blood pressure of A, centralis retinae is higher by the crouching posture during bath than that of the sitting posture. The higher the water temperature the higher is the blood pressure and in winter the initial ascend rate of the blood pressure is larger than that in summer but in summer the ter-minal ascend rate is larger than that in winter.3. After bath the blood pressure descends to the initial blood pressure for a while then it gradually recovers to the normal pressure.4. The rising degree of the blood pressure of A. centralis retinae during bath in the cases with high blood pressure were higher than that in the healthy cases. By the results obtained by these experiments it can be concluded that the fol-lowing cares are necessary in order to prevent the attack of cerebral hemorrhage by taking a warm bath.1) In winter the cold body must not be exposed to the hot water suddenly.2) A long hot bath is contraindicated in summer.3) A hot bath is contraindicated to those with high blood pressure.4) The Japanese bath tub must be changed as it causes the marked. rise of the blood pressure in the cranium.


In order to investigate the influence of the road surface on tire/road noise generation, it is necessary to establish certain measuring procedures and indicators describing the results in a uniform and condensed form. One of the methods in use is the Close Proximity Method (CPX). This paper outlines the most important aspects of the CPX method. It also presents results of CPX tests performed recently on many roads in Sweden, Poland, Germany and the Netherhnds. Certain "low noise" road surfaces were included in the test program so it is possible to compare their performance with other, more traditional road surfaces. Very noisy "block pavements" and paving stones were also covered since they are again becoming frequently used in certain "low traffic" and residential areas. The ranking of the surfaces according to their CPX indices is given as a final result of the investigation. For the covering abstract see ITRD E107776.


As a signatory to the Paris Agreement drawn up at COP21, South Africa requires a diligent transition of energy systems. There is not just one solution for achieving a sustainable, economical and reliable energy system. The respective political and economic conditions in each specific region need to be analysed in order to find the most suitable answer. South Africa, the dominant player in African coal, is seeking to diversify its power mix. Renewables, hydropower, gas and nuclear operators are all seeking to play a role in bringing the share of coal in power output down from over 90% today to less than 33% by 2040.


Growth of fishes, a sole production of aquaculture, depends upon the physico-chemical parameters of the pond as well as quality and quantity of supplementary feed supplied. This study was carried out from 6th May to 20th June, 2017 on eight glass aquaria (47cm x 31cm x 32cm) at a rate of 25 fries per aquarium providing formulated feeds with different protein levels i.e. 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45% and 50% as well as commercial feed as control. The highest and lowest body weight gain were 26.03g (diet with protein level 40%) and 15.77g (diet with protein level 25%) respectively. Similarly, the highest and lowest growth rate (g/day) and body weight gain (%) were (0.57 and 0.35) and 410.6 and 128.6) respectively. The highest mortality (28%) was seen in a diet with protein level 25% and lowest (Nil) in a diet with protein level 50%. The highest average weight gain (13.65g) was observed in first fifteen days at diet 40% protein level and lowest (4.01g) was seen in 16th to 30th days at diet with 25% protein level. There was no significance difference between average body weight gain and physico-chemical factors (pH, DO and temperature). The better growth performance of C. carpio was seen in a diet with 40% protein level. So, it is recommended for fishermen to obtain maximum production in aquaculture. Further study especially about growth in relation to formulated diet up to table size and effects of micronutrients in diet on growth performance of C. carpio is recommended for other researchers.


Finger millet, is a highly self-pollinated, allo-tetraploid crop believed to have been domesticated in East Africa, probably in the highland region that extends from Ethiopia to Uganda. It is known to save the lives of poor farmers from starvation at times of extreme drought. One of the major yield limiting factors is blast disease caused by Magnaporthe grisea. It is more nutritious than most cereal grains with respect to minerals, dietary fibre and amino acids. With the advancement of molecular marker technology, a lot of progress has been made in majority of the crops except neglected crops like small millets, such as finger millet, though it is highly nutritious crop. Aconsiderable amount of work has been done for assessing the genetic diversity among finger millet germplasm using microsatellite and EST based microsatellite markers. The first genetic map of finger millet was also available using 82 SSR markers. The present review describes the application, status and future perspectives of molecular marker technology for finger millet crop improvement.


This article attempts to provide a comprehensive reference guide to the Shakespeare film adaptations specifically targeted at a teenage audience. The bibliography includes a section of general studies on the subject and classifies all the teen films under the title of one of Shakespeare's works. Although this survey seeks to be as comprehensive as possible, certain works of minimal value to the subject have been discarded in the interest of efficiency. Interviews and reviews are only included if they specifically deal with one or more Shakespeare films or make reference to the Shakespearean playtext and, for reasons of space, the bibliography is limited to English-language items. Except where the subject is self-evident, entries are annotated with further information about their content.


The present invention discloses a liquid crystal display and a driving method thereof having a darkness level adjustment function to increase the visibility in darkness tone based morning. According to the invention, the voltage changing section gate-on voltage and darkness changes the level of the supply voltage on the basis of a control signal for level adjustment to the output of the liquid crystal applied voltage, and the gray voltage generator comprises: a liquid crystal applied voltage received plurality of gray scale voltages a power, and a gate driver outputs a scan signal to scan lines of the liquid crystal panel, the data driver outputs the data signal when the gradation level is reflected on the basis of the image data and the gray level voltage to data lines of the liquid crystal panel. Further, the common electrode voltage generation section receives a liquid crystal applied voltage and outputs the common electrode voltage to be adapted to the darkness level adjustment to the common electrode lines of the liquid crystal panel. As a result, the liquid crystal applied voltage, and can be automatically changed to adjust the darkness level of the picture depending on the ambient brightness, and adjust the darkness level of the image to ensure that manual changes to the liquid crystal applied voltage according to a user's operation, a display which it can be adjusted automatically according to the screen state Darkness level. Liquid crystal, low brightness, darkness, adjustment, low gray level, the power supply


This study was conducted to investigate the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) of selected essential oils (EOs) against Escherichia coli O157:H7 under neutral and acidic pH conditions, and to evaluate the efficacy of EOs on the inactivation of E. coli O157:H7 in vegetable juice samples stored at 5, 20 and 35°C or heated at 55°C. The growth and survival of E. coli O157:H7 were significantly affected by pH adjustment, additive concentration, storage temperature and time. A synergistic or hurdle effect was observed within EOs at pH 4.0 and pH 4.5, or with heat treatment. The calculated decimal reduction times (D-value, min) varied with the EOs concentration. Star anise oil (0.05%, vol/vol) provided the maximum reduction in D55 value, from 5.69 min to 0.38 min. The combination of mild heat treatment and EOs may be used to enhance the safety of juice products.


The present study was developed at the National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, with the objective of finding an alternative of practical nature, economic and easy execution that allows soybean conservation during relatively short periods of time. Different treatments given to soybean seeds were evaluated in order to extend its conservation period with high potential of germination. The evaluated treatments considered seeds from three sowing times, two varieties, three storing periods (six, nine and 12 months), two types of containers, two storage conditions (air-conditioning and natu- ral conditions) and the addition or not of a national product destined for grain conservation in general. As main criterion to evaluate the effect of treatments on seed quality after a storing period (six or nine or 12 months), it was determined by speed and seed germinability at 48, 72 and 96 hours and root biomass production at 120 hours. It was possible to establish the high benefit that represents seed storing in controlled- climate chambers. Also, it was appreciated that the hermetically sealed containers were essential in the case that seed was stored under environmental conditions, which is important to take into account for a more effective material preservation. Seeds stored on Dec-January, that is, in summer seeding could be stored for a year; with regard to the rest of the seasons, it can not be possible to get to that storing period under the conditions used.


The purpose of the study is to present the significance of the lightening for an individuals' perception, attitudes, feelings, behavior, and achievement. The research deals with daylighting and controlled daylight, as well as artificial light. It highlights the correlation between light and human needs. The study presents a wide theoretical review on the topic that offers suggestions and recommendations. The findings of the study deal with the particular environment: the classroom and demonstrates the samples of lightening design. The study shows the significance of lightning determining the interior environmental quality and it has a huge contribution to school and classroom design.


There is an increase in China's air-traffic.The technical characteristics of the ADS-B(Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast) system were analyzed and the radar-data processing method in the ADS-B and multi-radar coordinated surveillance system was studied.A theoretical model of the combination system was explored,which makes up of the satellite-based ADS-B technology and the land-based multi-radar system.This research makes a theoretical basis for the intensive study of this collaborative system in the future.


This study analyses the evolution and articulation in the international scenario of the human rights to water and, more recently, to sanitation, as autonomous rights, independent from other fundamental rights and with differentiated implications regarding their protection and justiciability in conjunction with other human rights. The text also examines the expressions of these rights in European Law, including that of the Council of Europe and European Union Law, as well as its explicit and implicit consideration in the internal Spanish legal order. Finally, alternatives are suggested as to the stronger conceptual development of the two rights and their concrete realization as prerogatives closely connected to human dignity as recognized in several contemporary legal instruments.


This study investigates the published literature in the field of aquatics with disabilities; more specifically, it examines literature published during the most recent two decades, 2000 through 2019. Considerations include the content focus of published articles relating to aquatics with disabilities, distribution of articles over the specified time period, publication opportunities for authors, barriers as well as enhancements to development of literature in the field, and summary recommendations.


On 20 August 1988, after almost eight years of fighting, Iran and Iraq agreed to a cease-fire under UN Security Council resolution 598. It is hoped that the two nations will resolve their disputes peacefully and honourably both are in desperate need of reconstruction after the damage that the war inflicted. Yet such an eventuality is uncertain: the two sides still lack trust, and Iraq continues to make unacceptable claims-including total sovereignty over the Shatt al-Arab waterway.1 In the foreseeable future, therefore, a situation of 'no peace, no war' conducive neither to peace nor reconstruction may prevail.2 Although the cease-fire brought a costly and onerous war to a fragile end, it has begun the even costlier, more complex and harder struggle for reconstruction. Indeed, the task of rebuilding Iranian society goes (or should go) well beyond economic growth and development: the nation also needs to transform its political, social and cultural structures. Even economic reconstruction needs are staggering and require a national effort, the organisation of which remains a remote possibility given the political cleavages both between the Islamic Republic and its opponents and between the different political factions within the state. The country must simultaneously rebuild its houses, schools, shops, roads, water systems and government buildings; it must pump life into its industries, agriculture and social services. Following an account of the war damage and expenditure, this article focuses on post-war reconstruction. Specifically, the post-war debates on a reconstruction strategy, financing options for the reconstruction, and various obstacles to accomplishing the task are explained. The concluding section focuses on the relationship between post-war reconstruction and the 'no peace, no war' status quo, and underscores the need for national reconciliation and international cooperation. (In the following article-by Kamran Mofid-the cost of reconstructing Iraq's war-damaged economy is estimated and policies suggested that may strengthen mutual peace.)


A factor that affects pork meat consumption is the gap between farm price and supermarket price. The value integration analysis throughout the marketing pork...


Recently, it has been reported that the Pb-free piezoelectric perovskite Na1/2Bi1/2TiO3 (NBT) can be compositionally tuned by close control of the A-site starting stoichiometry to exhibit high levels of oxide-ion conduction. The related K1/2Bi1/2TiO3 (KBT) perovskite has also drawn considerable interest as a promising Pb-free piezoelectric material; however, its conduction properties have been less extensively investigated. Here we report on the influence of the K/Bi ratio in the starting composition on the electrical properties using a combination of impedance spectroscopy and ion-transport property measurements. KBT ceramics exhibit mixed ionic–electronic (oxide-ion) conduction with tion B 0.5 at 600–800 1C and although variations in the A-site starting stoichiometry can create a B1 order of magnitude difference in the bulk conductivity at 4500 1C, the conductivity is low (ca. 0.1 to 1 mS cm 1 at 700 1C) and the activation energy for bulk conduction remains in the range B1.2 to 1.5 eV. The high temperature electrical transport properties of KBT are therefore much less sensitive to the starting A-site stoichiometry as compared to NBT. However, KBT ceramics exhibit non-negligible proton conduction at lower temperatures (o300 1C). For K/Bi Z 1 the total conductivity of KBT ceramics at room temperature can be as high as B0.1 mS cm 1 under wet atmospheric conditions. This study demonstrates ionic conduction to be a common feature in A1/2Bi1/2TiO3 perovskites, where A = Na, K.


In this paper we describe the evolution of the cruise tourism industry and we analyze different impacts on tourism destinations of this segment of the travel industry. The study includes the discussion of economic, social, environmental, cultural and political effects. We present data to analyze and compare the performance of the main cruise destinations and cruise lines. Analysis and data are based mainly on a selection of information taken from different official worldwide reports (OMT, CTO), press releases and previous studies. The economic impact is estimated from tourist expenditure and local information. Environmental impacts are compiled from historical and current data. We also describe different activities related to the cruise ship industry to identify costs and benefits to different actors of the local economies. From the analysis, we discuss some stylized facts about the cruise ship industry and we show that some optimist evaluations of local decision makers are not completely


It is shown that the saturation characteristic of high-voltage NPvN transistors can only be explained by a lowering of the v-layer resistance due to conductivity modulation. A semi-quantitative model is developed which explains this modified saturation region. An experimental method of isolating the resistive portion of the external collector-base (CB) voltage is presented. The results verify that the CB junction may be forward-biased even when the characteristic seemingly indicates that the transistor is unsaturated. Data is also presented showing how variations in collector resistivity and thickness alter the saturation region.


The paper "Concept, typologies and research methods for the study of political elites" is divided into three sections. The first section focuses on the definition of "elite" in relation to the following correlative concepts: "sub-elite", "counter-elite", "non-elite", with applications in political science. The second section presents a typology of elites based on fourteen classification criteria, focusing on describing the typology of political elites developed by John Higley in collaboration with other representatives of democratic elitism (G. Lowell, Field, M. Dogan, M. Burton). The third section of the paper inventories the research methods of the political elites: historical-deductive method, positional method, reputational method, decisional method (event analysis), comparative method and combined approaches of the political elites. The purpose of this epistemological and methodological incursion is highlighting the concepts, criteria of classification and methods applicable to research the role of political elites in democratic consolidation.


This paper first analyzes the basic mechanism of Mobile IPv6 and Netfilter framework, then presents a practical Mobile IPv6 solution on the Linux OS.


Summry— HHV‐8‐GPCR is a chemokine‐like receptor encoded by KSHV, the etiologic agent of KS. HHV‐8‐GPCR is constitutively active. Although it is homologous to mammalian CXCR2, it binds CXC and CC chemokines. Structure‐function analysis showed that chemokines bind primarily to the amino terminus whereas signaling occurs in the absence of: the amino terminus, which is, therefore, not a tethered agonist. In in vitro systems, HHV‐8‐GPCR signals via multiple transduction pathways including, activation of phospholipase C and PKC, inhibition of adenylyl cyclase, activation of nuclear factor‐κB; activation PI 3‐kinase, p42/44 MAPK and Akt/PKB, and activation of JNK/SAPK, p38 MAPK and RAFTK. HHV‐8‐GPCR is important in the HHV‐8 life cycle because HHV‐8‐GPCR‐deficient viruses do not replicate in response to chemokines and exhibit, less efficient reactivation from latency. Although the role of HHV‐8‐GPCR in the pathogenesis of KS has not been defined, expression of HHV‐8‐GPCR resulted in the development of angioproliferative, KS‐like tumors in transgenic mice. As endothelial cells may be targets of HHV‐8 infection, HHV‐8‐GPCR has been studied in endothelial cells in vitro in which it affects cell adhesion and migration, increases cell survival, and stimulates secretion of proinflammatory cytokines and proangiogenic factors. Based on these findings and the observation that HHV‐8‐GPCR is expressed in only a few endothelial‐ like "spindle cells" within KS lesions, we propose that HHV‐8—GPCR is involved in KS pathogenesis by stimulating secretion of proinflammatory/proangiogenic factors that act in a paracrine fashion to cause tumorigenesis.


Introduction and Aims: We present the results of 228 consecutive Charnley low-friction arthroplasties, inserted in 193 patients between July 1972 and December 1976. Unusually for this time, all hips were inserted by the posterior approach without trochanteric osteotomy. Method: All patients were enrolled into a prospective study and pre- and post-operative findings recorded. This series was reviewed in 1985 and once again in 2002. The survivors were scored clinically using the Merle d'Aubigne-Postel score with a mean value of 12. The reason for revision was also recorded and analysed. Results: The pre- and peri-operative findings are similar to contemporary series. Due to our stable population, only two patients were lost to follow-up. Our survivor-ship results show a 10-year survival of 93%, deteriorating to a 30-year survival of 73%. Conclusion: Overall our results are comparable to other studies and really vindicate the choice of approach, which at the time was a source of some controversy.


This paper develops ideas from a previous paper described as `an appetizer for non-linear Wiener--Hopf theory', but is completely independent of that paper. It again considers only the simplest possible case in which the underlying motion of the branching particles is described by a two-state Markov chain. Key generating functions provide solutions of a simple two-dimensional dynamical system, and the main interest is in the way in which Probability Theory and ODE theory complement each other. ODE pictures convey rather strikingly a simple phase transition. No knowledge of either ODE theory or Wiener--Hopf theory is assumed.


in 1934 song hunters John and Alan lomax traveled to louisiana to document folksongs for the library of Congress (lC). by the end of the mission, the lomax expedition had yielded a remarkable treasure trove of "multifarious and cosmopolitan" field recordings: drinking and sacred songs, ring shouts and jurés, logging hollers and blues, fiddle tunes, ballads, charivari compositions, and numerous points in between (4). These recordings formed the foundation of the lC's lomax collection while shaping the discourses surrounding the history of vernacular music in southwestern louisiana.1 Joshua Clegg Caffery's Traditional Music in Coastal Louisiana stands as the first systematic examination of the southern louisiana materials John and Alan lomax collected during the great Depression.2 Caffery makes clear that his book is not about Cajun music or zydeco. rather, he considers the lomax material as constituting the "substructure underpinning these genres" (2). moreover, the book is not a monograph but rather an annotated compendium of transcribed and translated song texts derived from the lomax recordings. "The central aim of this study," the author explains, "is to examine and identify the materials in the 1934 lomax foray into coastal louisiana and to present them for the first time in an accessible critical and comparative framework" (1). The author obtained francophone recordings of the lomax material from the university of louisiana at lafayette's Archives of Cajun and Creole Folklore and englishlanguage material from the lC. using audioediting software, Caffery created individual audio tracks for each song and, eventually, a digital database for much of the louisiana material collected by the lomaxes. He systematically transcribed and translated recordings, including song fragments and commentary, and tracked down families of those individuals the lomaxes recorded to conduct oral history interviews for further context.3 Caffery then created a taxonomic system—based on five categories—through which he could analyze the materials: Cajun and Creole music, instrumentals, traditional French songs, english and American folk songs, and African American songs (7–14). And yet, rather than being organized around song types or motifs, geography becomes Traditional Music in Coastal Louisiana's guiding organizational framework. With the exception of "instrumental music," "miscellaneous," and "unidentified location," Caffery organizes his chapters around ten parishes (counties) in the heart of "French" louisiana and the artists hailing from those districts, all of which are presented in alphabetical order.4 Annotations begin with a brief biography of the artist, followed by song texts, then a close reading of lyrics, which are crossreferenced with extant catalogs of folk songs published in North America and europe. Caffery's text also periodically weaves in sociocultural and historical analysis with varying degrees of success. The book's inherent value lies in getting the lomax materials out of the archive and into broader circulation while providing a navigable roadmap to the 1934 recordings. but Caffery also hopes to do more. "The lomax recordings in louisi134 American Music, spring 2015


Indian crested porcupine, Hystrix indica is widely distributed and serious rodent pest of orchards, field crops and vegetables in Pakistan. Laboratory studies were conducted to determine highly effective cereal used as bait base for its management. Six locally available food grains viz., wheat, rice, maize, black gram, sorghum and millet were offered in whole/crack form. Under no choice and choice tests, rice was the most preferred food, followed by wheat, maize and others. The present study suggested that rice in whole or cracked form alone or in combination with wheat can be applied as very palatable (32% and 27%, respectively) and cost effective grain as bait base for effective management of Indian porcupine, Hystrix indica, being an economically important rodent pest of agriculture, forestry and irrigation network in Pakistan.


Optimization parameters of PID controller based on Covariance Matrix Adaptation Evolution Strategy (CMA-ES) is presented in this paper. It is used to solve the problem of torque control for powered ankle-foot prosthesis. Original optimization parameters method of PID controller for powered ankle-foot is time-consuming and cannot get satisfied control effect. The parameters of PID control are used as an individual of CMA-ES in this paper. Appropriate fitness function is selected to adjust the PID parameters online. Step signal and torque approximation are used as the system input to verify the controller performance. In unit-step response, the overshoot of original PID is 15 times as much as it of CMA-ES PID, the setting time of original PID is 6 times as much as it of CMA-ES PID. In device torque response, the output of CMA-ES PID is stabilized throughout the control process. These indicates that CMA-ES PID is an effective control strategy for torque control of powered ankle-foot prosthesis.


Real shapes of power excitation and thermal nonuniformities regions of electronic device objects are difficult to determine basing on thermal and thermal-wave images due to diffusion of heat flux in investigated object and limited resolution of temperature detectors (camera). Those two factors cause the blurring of thermal images. This paper presents a method of elimination image of distortions improved by deconvolution procedure of the thermal diffusion and IR camera influences. It allows increasing the final thermal-wave image resolution. Proposed algorithm ensures sharpening deconvolution procedure of the thermal-wave images of heterogeneity as well as images of energy excitation areas. It is based on the iterative deconvolution of registered thermal-wave image making assumption that the character of temperature field blurring and its parameters are roughly known.


A Uniform Geometrical Theory of Diffraction (UTD) solution is presented for the field scattered by a perfectly conducting (PC) wedge buried in a lossy medium. The field is evaluated in the lossy half-space and it is uniform across the lateral wave shadow boundary. The accuracy of the asymptotic solution is checked trough numerical comparisons with reference data obtained by a Method of Moments (MoM) solution. presence of the interface was included in the solution. In earlier papers (F. Bertoncini et al. (1) and R.G. Kouyoumjian (2)), an asymptotic solution for the field scattered into air was presented and shown to be accurate. Within the lossy medium, the total scattered field is the sum of the fields reflected and diffracted from the polygonal cylinder, the field reflected from the interface between the two media, and a lateral wave field. The expression obtained earlier for the lateral wave field was based on a non-uniform asymptotic approximation; thus, it failed at and near the shadow boundary of the lateral wave field in the lossy medium. The purpose of this work is to obtain a uniform asymptotic approximation for the lateral wave field, which remains valid at and near its shadow boundary. First, a uniform asymptotic solution is derived for the canonical problem of a line source radiating in a lossy half-space. Next, it is heuristically extended to the case in which the line source is replaced by the PC wedge. The plane-wave spectral representation for the field radiated by a line source (Brekhovskikh (3), Tamir (4)) can be asymptotically evaluated by applying the steepest descent method. Since this method involves contour deformation, it is necessary to investigate the singularities of the integrand, which in the present case appear as branch points. In particular, the saddle point contribution provides the field radiated by the line source and then reflected from the interface between air and the lossy medium. The integration around the branch cut accounts for the lateral wave field. For both contributions, uniform expressions can be obtained by following the procedure described in Bleistein (5). The solution contains the Weber functions (parabolic cylinder functions) which guarantee the continuity of the field across the lateral wave shadow boundary related to the total reflection angle. Preliminary numerical results based on the new uniform asymptotic expressions for the field scattered by the PC wedge in the lossy half-space are in good agreement with results obtained by a Moment Method (MoM) solution and will be shown in the next section. The excitation of the lateral wave field and its region of existence are of special interest here. Indeed, at certain aspects far from the scatterer, the lateral wave may provide the dominant contribution to the total field in the lossy medium. .


Additives play an important role in physical properties of polymers. One of the most frequently used additives for isotactic polypropylene (iPP) is Bis 3,4-dimethylbenzylidene sorbitol (DMDBS). iPP and DMDBS together form a binary mixture with a monotectic phase diagram. Homogeneous dissolution of DMDBS in iPP at reasonable temperatures is possible only in a limited range of low concentrations. Upon cooling, the nucleating agent first crystallizes forming nanofibrils which are an excellent substrate for heterogeneous crystallization of iPP. Consequence to it, nucleation density is very high thus forming crystals smaller than wavelength of light resulting into a translucent material. In this paper we explore structural development during crystallization of the binary system iPP-DMDBS under defined flow conditions.


We demonstrate high-resolution magnetic field imaging with a scanning fiber-optic probe which couples nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in diamond to a high-numerical-aperture photonic-crystal fiber integrated with a two-wire microwave transmission line. Magnetic resonance excitation of NV centers driven by the microwave field is read out through optical interrogation through the photonic-crystal fiber to enable high-speed, high-sensitivity magnetic field imaging with sub 30 μm spatial resolution.


The digital microscope mutual experimental teaching platform for medical morphology has been set up by our university in recent years in order to provide state of the art facilities and help medical students to learn advanced knowledge of medical morphology,which is necessary for them to understand the detail mechanisms of diseases.The experimental center of basic medicine of university has preliminarily developed a specific management system for this new experimental teaching platform,which is proved to be efficient in operating the teaching equipments and improving the teaching quality.


The utility model provides a dual-purpose joint system of solar drive, includes water circulation heating device, hydrologic cycle output device and power supply, heating conversion equipment, water circulation heating device includes heat collector and holding water box through the pipe connection, hydrologic cycle output device is including being equipped with the evaporimeter of import with the export, import and export and holding water box pipe connection, power supply, heating conversion equipment include input and the output pipeline who communicates with the evaporimeter, and output pipeline is parallelly connected to have screw rod expander and the helical-lobe compressor who is connected with the diverter valve, is equipped with first and second outlet pipes on the diverter valve, and first outlet pipe is connected with the one end of radiator, and the radiator other end meets with the evaporimeter, the second outlet pipe is connected with cooling device, and cooling device's the other end and evaporimeter are connected, it has working medium to flow in power supply, heating conversion equipment's the connecting tube. It is dual-purpose to have the water and electricity, can reduce the energy consumption, improves the intermittent type nature and the instability of solar energy, makes received solar energy obtain make full use of's advantage.


This paper explores the perceptions of Spanish consumers on the use of natural antioxidants and healthy fatty acids in novel formulations of lamb burgers to improve their nutritional content and shelf life. Focus groups have been used to obtain information on burger consumption and purchase, as well as on the opinions about the use of natural ingredients. Results highlight the importance consumers place on the presence of ingredients that help improve product quality, and their acceptance to pay a premium. The use of cherry or pecan nut is a valid option, provided that consumer trust is promoted through adequate information policies.


Thank you very much for giving me the chance to present my point of view about the method of calculating liver size: Size of the liver is a significant indicator for recognition of illness in liver. Size of liver is also very important in planning surgery and treatments of liver. The liver has multiple functions, and many illnesses are caused by hepatomegaly. There are many methods to determine liver size; area. Liver volume is a better measure to represents the entire liver, rather than linear measurements in x, y plan. MRI and CT are both valid in the determination of liver volume; however, they are expensive to perform. CT scan has also x-ray which causes risk of cancer [1].


The paper presents optimization models applied for description of the structure of some agricultural branches and their combinations. There have been offered adequate models for solving the tasks connected with production, evaluation of land recourses potentials, planning of agricultural work under the conditions of extreme events.


This paper presents the results of calculations of areal trends of total evaporation ETa fl uxes for the growing periods of 2003-2017 in the territory of the Marksovsky district of the Saratov region. Raster layers formed for the territory with a 500 m resolution of the Eta8 (Eta 8-day averaging) for each year of the investigated time interval were obtained from tiles sets h20v03 of the product MOD16A2 for the period from May 25 to September 2 of the corresponding year. As a result, the 19830 time series of total evaporation fl uxes for the ETaw growing seasons of the 15-year study period were drawn up for the Marksovsky district. The obtained time series of geodata of the actual evapotranspiration for the growing season ETaw for each of the 15 studied years were used for the spatial analysis of ETaw trends. For the analysis, the method of nonparametric Mann-Kendal statistics was used. It revealed the presence of 2 half-periods with diametrically opposite trends in the dominant part of time series. The fi rst half-period found out negative values (downward) trends and falls on 2003-2010, the second half-period showed positive (upward) trends for 2010-2017. The presented results of the spatial distribution of both trends indicate the presence of an infl uence on ETaw both distance from the bank of R. Volga and anthropogenic factors. Hypotheses for additional analysis are proposed. For the visual deciphering of the places of abnormal values of trends velocities of the both half-periods there were used space photos of high resolution. As a result it was marked that the location of these anomalies corresponded to the location of pivot sprinklers in the territory of the Privolzhskoj irrigation system.


Glaucoma is a leading cause of blindness worldwide. The majority of glaucoma is associated with an open, normal appearing anterior chamber angle and is termed primary open angle glaucoma (POAG, MIM 137760). It is characterized by elevated intraocular pressure and onset in middle age or later. A subset of POAG with juvenile onset has recently been linked to chromosome 1q in two families with autosomal dominant inheritance. Eleven pedigrees with autosomal dominant POG (non-juvenile-onset) have been identified in Epirus, Greece. In the present study DNA samples have been collected from 50 individuals from one large pedigree, including 12 affected individuals. Preliminary results of linkage analysis with chromosome 1 microsatellites using the computer program package LINKAGE Version 5.1 showed no linkage with the markers previously linked to juvenile-onset POAG. Further linkage analysis is being pursued, and the results will be presented.


Generally, single layer antireflective (AR) coatings are based on SiO 2 for which the low refractive index is achieved by increasing the porosity of the films. On the other hand, the increase of porosity on any material results in a decrease of its mechanical properties. In addition to increasing the solar transmittance, it is equally important that the AR film is long-term stable for its application in solar collectors. In this sense, the objective of our work has been to develop a film that exhibits good AR properties and physical durability as well. In the present study, sol-gel silica films have been deposited on borosilicate glass. The effect of adding some organic compounds to the precursor solution in the properties of the films has been studied. Moreover, accelerated weathering tests have been performed in order to investigate the outdoor durability. A value of solar transmittance as high as 0.974 has been obtained by using a porosity promoter additive. However, the durability tests have shown the necessity of incorporating a hydrophobic additive to the precursor solutions in order to avoid the degradation of the optical properties of the films. 1.5% decrease in solar transmittance is observed after 1900 h in the weathering chamber for films prepared with methyltriethoxysilane.


Competency modelling is a standardized way to found an enterprise area of experts. Identifying and managing competences acquired by an enterprise and further representing them in a structured manner provide important knowledge for 'know-how' approach. The purpose of this paper is developing a competency based knowledgebase for an enterprise using case study approach. The developed competency knowledgebase for the case study provides information important to decision-making, and can act as an indicator for an enterprise's willingness to engage in robust collaboration. © 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of the "8th International Conference on Digital Enterprise Technology DET 2014.


Abstract: To study amyloid β‐protein (Aβ) production and aggregation in vivo, we created two transgenic (Tg) mouse lines expressing the C‐terminal 100 amino acids of human amyloid precursor protein (APP): Tg C100.V717F and Tg C100.WT. Western blot analysis showed that human APP‐C100 and Aβ were produced in brain and some peripheral tissues and Aβ was produced in serum. Using antibodies specific for the Aβ C terminus we found that Tg C100.V717F produced a 1.6‐fold increase in Aβ42/Aβ40 compared with Tg C100.WT. Approximately 30% of total brain Aβ (∼122 ng/g of wet tissue) was water‐soluble. The remaining 70% of Aβ partitioned into the particulate fraction and was completely sodium dodecyl sulfate‐soluble. In contrast, human Alzheimer's disease brain has predominantly sodium dodecyl sulfate‐insoluble Aβ. Immunohistochemistry with an Aβ(5‐8) antibody showed that Aβ or Aβ‐containing fragments accumulated intracellularly in the hippocampus of aged Tg C100.V717F mice. The soluble Aβ levels in Tg brain are similar to those in normal human brain, and this may explain the lack of microscopic amyloid deposits in the Tg mice. However, this mouse model provides a system to study the intracellular processing and accumulation of Aβ or Aβ‐containing fragments and to screen for compounds directed at the γ‐secretase activity.


Intima-media thickness (IMT) is a subclinical marker of vascular disease in obese children. There are several techniques for measuring IMT and reference values in children are rare. These references depend on the technique (B mode or radio-frequency ultrasound) and on how IMT is measured (manually, semi-automatic or automatic). IMT varies with age. The IMT values across age in the same pediatric population and according to the different techniques do not exist in the literature. It is therefore not accurate to extrapolate from adult data and it is difficult today to decide whether an IMT value in an obese child is normal or high.


pH-DEPENDENT STRUCTURAL REORGANIZATION OF PHOSPHATIDYLCHOLINE VESICLE MEMBRANES BY COPOLYMERS OF 2-ETHYLACRYLIC ACID AND METHACRYLIC ACID FEBRUARY 1991 HONG YOU, B.S., SEOUL NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, M.S., KOREA ADVANCED INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, SEOUL, KOREA. Ph.D., UNIVERSITY OF MASSACHUSETTS Directed by: Professor David A. Tirrell Copolymers of 2-ethylacrylic acid (EAA) and methacrylic acid (MAA) were prepared in bulk and in N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF). Best-fit terminal-model reactivity ratios were determined by a non-linear least squares technique to be = 1.14 and r^^A = ^-23 in bulk, and r^AA = 1.91 and r^AA = ^.09 in 50 % DMF solution, respectively. Examination of ^^C NMR spectra provided convincing evidence for the formation of statistical copolymers. The pH-dependent structural reorganization of dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine vesicle membranes could be effected in aqueous phosphate buffer solutions of EAA-MAA copolymers. The reorganization process is sensitive to the composition of the copolymer.


Hand preference during signing was examined longitudinally in nine very young children with deaf parents. These children typically showed a distinct and consistent hand preference in their signing, beginning with their production of their first signs. For most of the children, their preferred signing hand was their right hand. This hand preference in early signing, moreover, was significantly stronger than that for the children's production of nonsign actions and gestures. Also, the children's hand preference in their early signing predicted their eventual hand preference.


Abstract : Construction is described of a 250 watt power source to operate in the 1-10 gc range. Operating in conjunction with this power source is an attenuation system providing output power from the milliwatt range to approximately half the total transmitter power. Attenuation over the 3.0 to 10 gc range is accomplished by radiating the full power of the transmitter into an anechoic chamber and intercepting the desired output level with a receiving antenna. Commercial atte uation techniques will be used for the lower frequencies since the size of the antennas is prohibitive at these frequencies. The transmitting and attenuating system was tested at 10 gc and it performed as expected. (Author)


This study was undertaken to examine the efficacy for early prenatal diagnosis of uterine cavity lavage at the level of the internal os and to assess the rate of maternal contamination. In phase I, uterine cavity lavage was performed in 38 women scheduled for pregnancy termination between 6 and 12 weeks. In addition to short‐ and long‐term cultures, one‐colour FISH (fluorescence in situ hybridization) with Y and X probes was used for fetal sexing. Two‐colour FISH was used in all known male fetuses for the assessment of maternal contamination. In phase II, lavage was performed on 16 women. Fetal sex was diagnosed with direct labelled X and Y probes and common numerical chromosomal aberration was attempted with 18 and 21 direct labelled probes. Fetal sexing was successful in all cases in phases I and II. Out of 34 patients in which tissue was obtained, only FISH was done in six. Long‐term cell cultures were successful in the other 28 cases, but complete karyotyping in 19 (56 per cent). No chromosomal aberration was found with the direct labelled probes 18 and 21 in FISH. Maternal contamination was assessed to be 5–10 per cent. This simple and easy‐to‐master technique is very effective in obtaining fetal cells early in pregnancy for genetic diagnosis, especially by FISH. However, the safety of the procedure must be tested in ongoing pregnancies.


As the main factors of city scenes,the judgment of city architectural style was fuzzy and arbitrary.Based on the mathematical multi-factor-weighted model,this paper expounds how to determine the city architectural style through choosing the influence factors,assigning factor weight,and optimum weight stacking,etc.The study of architectural style in Yuhuan is taken as an example,and it shows that this method can meet the needs of urban design and construction,and has a greater operability.


This paper describes the development of a six-axis gripper force sensor that measure forces f_x,f_y and f_zand M_x,M_y and M_z simultaneously, and the intelligent gripper will be using the six-axis sensor for grasping or holding any object with the force calculated. To grasp any object of unknown dimensions and weight by using an intelligent gripper safely the forces are to be calculated along the gripping direction and gravitational direction, and perform the force control with the measured forces. Thus, the intelligent gripper should be composed of six-axis gripper force sensor that measure forces f_x,f_y and f_z and M_x,M_y and M_zat the same time. In this paper, a six-axis gripper force sensor for measuring forces f_x,f_y and f_zand M_x,M_y and M_z simultaneously were newly modeled using 16 strain gauges. The structure of a six-axis wrist force/moment sensor was modeled for an intelligent hand in robot newly. And the sensing elements of it were designed by using FEM design system ANSYS. All along the way the stress points are found out where max. And min. stresses are applicable and the design of sensor is done so.


The invention discloses a lotus root cultivation method, belonging to the technical field of crop planting. The lotus root cultivation method comprises the following steps: plowing after selecting the lotus root field, applying fertilizers, plowing again and draining water; selecting whole lotus roots which are disease-resistant, high in quality, high in yield, easy to harvest and which have branch lotus roots as seedling lotus; cultivating after the air temperature rises in spring and adjusting the water level in the lotus root field, the row spacing, the depth, the line spacing and the distance from the outermost row to the ridge; after the planting, controlling the parameters in the processes of water level control, fertilizer application, weeding, lotus root head rotation, leaf picking, peduncle breaking and disease and pest control; and harvesting the lotus roots from the first ten days of September to the middle ten days in October every year. According to the lotus root cultivation method, the yield of the lotus roots is improved and the quality of the lotus roots is relatively high.


The intriguing interplay between superconductivity and spin-density-wave instability is of central interest in Fe-based superconducting systems.This article briefly describes the identification of a spin-density-wave order in the parent compound,then highlights recent progress in exploring the competing phenomena.


In this paper, we present a reduced complexity iterative grid-search technique for locating non-cooperating primary emitters in cognitive radio networks using received signal strength (RSS) measurements. The technique is based on dividing the search space into a smaller number of candidate subregions, selecting the best candidate that minimizes a cost function and repeating the process iteratively over the selections. We evaluate the performance of the proposed algorithm in independent shadowing scenarios and show that the performance closely approaches to that of the full search, particularly at small shadowing spread values with significantly reduced computational complexity. We also look at the performance of our algorithm when the initial search space is specified based on two different data-aided approaches using sensor measurements. Our simulation results show that the data-aided initialization schemes do not provide performance improvement over blind initialization.


Thermal oxidation of atomic defects on a graphite surface, produced by low energy (50–200 eV) impact of Ar+ and Kr+ ions, leads to the formation of pits with a diameter of several nm. These pits are generated from both carbon vacancy defects and interstitial defects, the latter formed by trapping of incident ions in-between graphite layers. The probability of the pit formation is measured for each type of defect. Nearly all vacancy defects (>90%) are developed into pits by thermal oxidation in air at 560 °C, while only a small portion (<15%) of the interstitial defects are converted into pits.


Aim: To establish a clinically relevant model of fulminant hepatic failure for the test of efficacy and safety of artificial liver support. Methods: We induced a pig model of fulminant hepatic failure by administration of D-galactosamine in the dosage of 0.5 g/kg, 0.75 g/kg and 1 g/kg, and observed the clinical manifestations, biochemical and pathological changes of the diseased pigs. Results: D-galactosamine in the three dosages was able to induce a hepatic failure model, but the dosage of 0.75 g/kg is most suitable for the studies of artificial liver support. Conclusion: A large animal model of fulminant hepatic failure that closely mimics the clinical situation was established. [


This toolkit has emerged from a four year EPSRC funded interdisciplinary project called 'Solar Energy for Future Societies' between Sheffield and Durham universities. The project involved an interdisciplinary team from Physics, Geography, Architecture and Engineering, exploring issues of energy futures with residents of a local town. This toolkit brings together all of the various ways in which we think interdisciplinarity occurred within our project, and the means through which we encouraged it.


This paper uses compressible flow simulation to analyze the hyperbolicity and shadowing directions of a weakly turbulent 3-D cylinder flow at Reynolds number 525 and Mach number 0.1.
By computing the first 40 Covariant Lyapunov Vectors (CLV), we find that unstable CLVs are active in the near wake region, whereas stable CLVs are active in the far wake region. This phenomenon shows that CLVs point to different directions, which further suggests that general open fluid systems may satisfy some form of hyperbolicity.
By the Non-Intrusive Least Squares Shadowing (NILSS) algorithm, we compute shadowing directions and sensitivities of long-time averaged objectives. Our results suggest that shadowing methods may be valid for general chaotic fluid problems.


We propose a noncausal autoregressive model with time-varying parameters, and apply it to U.S. postwar inflation. The model fits the data well, and the results suggest that inflation persistence follows from future expectations. Persistence has declined in the early 1980s and slightly increased again in the late 1990s. Estimates of the new Keynesian Phillips curve indicate that current inflation also depends on past inflation although future expectations dominate. The implied trend inflation estimate evolves smoothly and is well aligned with survey expectations. There is evidence in favor of the variation of trend inflation following from the underlying marginal cost that drives inflation.