The yeasts of a Mâconnais winery The yeast populations of the various parts of a Mâconnais winery have been analysed from a taxonomy and biology point of view. 14 species have been isolated from the cernent vats used for red and white wine making, on the horizontal wine-presses with wooden and plastics laths, on the walls and ground of the winery and on the bottling apparatus. The qualitative and quantitative distribution of the species has been studied. The dominant species was Saccharomyces cerevisiae . Hansenula anomala and Pichia membranaefaciens were also frequent. Some species have newly been revealed in this habitat: Hansenula subpelliculosa, Saccharomyces pretoriensis, Cryptococcus infirmo-miniatus, Cr. laurentii and Aureobasidium pullulans .


Regulation of a Fucus djstichus L. emend. Powell population is probably mediated through a density-dependent mortality of the recruits. Blocks seeded with different densities of germlings of E distichusand cleared plots with naturally occurring recruits of different densities and with artificially thinned densities were used to monitor the effect of density on mortality and growth among recruits in a populat~on of F: distjchus in False Creek. Vancouver, British Columbia. Canada. In the first 2 mo of development, germlings on the high density blocks experienced a lower mortality than those on the low density blocks. At later stages (> 2 mo), the effect of density on mortality was reversed. Plants recruited into the cleared plots were > 1 mm in length and they also experienced a positive effect of density on mortality. In both the density blocks and cleared plots, plant mortality eventually became independent of plant density. Plant growth rate was generally not related to density but was related to plant size (length). There was a large variation in the sizes of the plants. All 3 measures of si7c inequality: zero-centered skewness, coefficient of variation, and Gini coefficient are significantly correlated. Plants in both the density blocks and cleared plots showed a slight tendency towards a more normal or positively skewed size distribution from fall 1986 to spring 1987, probably due to an increased mortality of the smaller plants during this time. The mechanism of dominance-suppression and difference in the intrinsic growth rate or timing of settlement probably all contributed to the inequality in size distribution.


This paper analyses in detail the pantograph and OCS faults caused by the heavy wind in recent years in Datong Branch Bureau. It finds out the objective laws and causes of the faults and raises some modification plans and suggestions that have obtained the good results after their implementation. It has some certain value for reference.


Purpose. To report three cases of extramedullary plasmacytoma of the larynx treated at the Institute of Oncology in Ljubljana between 1969-1999. Results. All three patients were treated with radiotherapy only, which resulted in permanent local and regional control of 7.8, 4.7 and 3.5 years. The function of the larynx was preserved in all of them. Two patients died, both to the causes other than plasmacytoma. In none of the patients disease progressed to multiple myeloma. Conclusions. Extramedullary plasmacytoma of the larynx is a rare disease, highly curable when radiotherapy is used. Moderate radiation doses and limited fields ensure excellent cosmetic and functional result.


The purpose of this paper is to examine the determinants and characteristics of voluntary internet disclosures by listed companies in Oman. This paper uses archival data from listed companies on Muscat Securities Market (MSM). Binary Logistic Regression analysis is used to examine the determinants of internet financial reporting. The results of this study reveal that ROA is one of the factors that impacts internet financial reporting. Also, the results reveal that ownership concentration has a negative effect on the internet financial disclosure. The paper provides insights into corporate internet disclosures in the GCC countries that will benefit all stakeholders with an interest in corporate reporting in this important region of the world.


Purpose: Predicting prognosis in HR+/HER2− metastatic breast cancer (MBC) might be clinically useful; however, no validated prognostic biomarkers exist in this setting to date. Patients and Methods: In phase III, EGF30008 trial, 484 patients with HER2− MBC who received letrozole and placebo or lapatinib were selected. PAM50 data, ECOG performance status, visceral disease, number of metastasis, biopsy type, and age were evaluated. A progression-free survival (PFS) Cox model was evaluated. The final model (PAM50MET) with a prespecified cutoff was validated in patients (n = 261) with HR+/HER2− advanced breast cancer (aBC) from BOLERO-2 (phase III trial that evaluated exemestane and placebo or everolimus). Results: In EGF30008, prognostic models with PAM50 plus clinical variables yielded higher C-index values versus models with only PAM50 or clinical variables. The PAM50MET model combined 21 variables: 2 PAM50 subtypes, basal signature, 14 genes, and 4 clinical variables. In EGF30008, the optimized cutoff was associated with PFS [HR = 0.37; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.29–0.47; P < 0.0001] and overall survival (OS; HR = 0.37; 95% CI, 0.27–0.51; P < 0.0001). The median (months; 95% CI) PFS and OS were 22.24 (19.0–24.9) and not reached in PAM50MET-low versus 9.13 (8.15–11.0) and 33.0 (28.0–40.0) in PAM50MET-high groups, respectively. In BOLERO-2, the PAM50MET-low was associated with better PFS (HR = 0.72; 95% CI, 0.53–0.96; P = 0.028) and OS (HR = 0.51; 95% CI, 0.35–0.69; P < 0.0001). The median (months) (95% CI) PFS and OS were 6.93 (5.57–11.0) and 36.9 (33.4–NA) in PAM50MET-low versus 5.23 (4.2–6.8) and 23.5 (20.2–28.3) in PAM50MET-high groups, respectively. Conclusions: PAM50MET is prognostic in HR+/HER2− MBC, and further evaluation might help identify candidates for endocrine therapy only or novel therapies.


With the rise of computerization and the internationalization of graduate education, theory and research in education have been mostly focused on promoting computer technologies as a solution for the more equitable academic participation of nonnative English speaking students. A critical analysis of this trend, however, reveals the tendency to decontextualize and oversimplify the conditions under which the students' engagement with computer technologies develops, to assume that nonnative English speakers are dissatisfied with traditional educational contexts, and to accept a simplistic perspective of unproblematized computer technologies. To avoid such an instrumental vision of computing and to better explore the conditions under which technology, difference, and educational context intersect, I suggest that there is a need for other theoretical frameworks from which to look at students' engagement with computer technologies.
This study has a dual purpose. First, to develop an exploratory framework that weaves together multidisciplinary theories and research traditions (cultural studies, educational anthropology, critical theory, techno-culture, sociology of science and technology) aimed toward the understanding of the students' engagement with computer technologies in academic contexts as being co-shaped by social, cultural, and technological discourses and practices. A second purpose is to explore the ways in which nonnative English speaking graduate students negotiate their academic participation and computer-mediated academic practices. To this end, an open-ended interview study was conducted with eight nonnative English speaking graduate students of education, living and studying in Toronto, Canada. The results of this interview process brought forward some under-explored issues that emerged in the process of computer-mediated academic participation.
This study suggests that, instead of thinking in terms of possible academic benefits that computer technologies might offer to nonnative English speakers, we should think of academic participation as deeply situated in the context of academic communities where the meaning of academic benefits, computer practices, and classroom participation is co-shaped by the complex web of academic ties and links that students constantly negotiate by moving along an academic trajectory.


This research was conducted on October-December 2013, at Freshwater Culture Installation of Fisheries and Marine Department of  Riau Province and Bandar Kayangan Lake,  Lembah Sari village subdistrict Rumbai Pesisir Pekanbaru city Riau Province. The research aimed to analyze the water quality condition of Bandar Kayangan lake and determine the impact on  survival and growth of Catfish ( P angasius h ypothalamus ) fry. The method used is an experimental method by observing and measuring  sample directly on rearing cages measure 1x1x1 m. Catfish fries were stocked at the two weeks on age with the number ( 50 fries ) and  3 months time of rearing. Three units of cages were placed at each station that has been determined  and  Rumbai Freshwater Cultured Installation pond as control. The datas analyzed by descriptively and statistically, the descriptive analysis performed on physical and chemical parameters of water based on PP No. 82 year 2001 and was associated with the growth and survival of catfish fingerlings. Statistical analysis was using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and completely randomized design (CRD) with treatment of 3 times repetition. Growth and survival of catfish fingerlings on each station were quite well where the average growth of absolute weight between 35.43-36.20 grams, the average  growth rate of daily weight between 5.602-5.782%, the average of absolute growth in length between13,61-14.10 cm, the average of daily growth in length between 2.285 - 2.321% and the survival rate between 56-79%.


Objective To explore the efficacy of glucose excursion by the continuous glucose monitors system(CGMS)in the patients of type 2 diabetes. Methods A total of 86 T2 DM cases were enrolled. All patients were observed with CGMS for 72 hours. All the indexes were compared between the first day and the third day. Results The 24 h average blood glucose(24 h MBG) levels by insulin dose tendency reduced from(10.7±2.7) mmol/L to(7.9±1.6) mmol/L before the adjustment tendency(P 0.05); Adjusted days average blood glucose fluctuation(MAGE) tendency reduced from(5.5±1.6)mmol/L to(2.3±1.0) mmol/L tendency(P 0.05); Insulin dose before and after the adjustment blood glucose were significantly decreased as a percentage of the time of PT1(≤3.9 mmol/L tendency)reduced from 0.8% to 0.3%, the PT3(≥7.8 mmol/L tendency) reduced from(32.7±7.5)% to(14.7±3.1)%(P 0.05); Blood sugar lower than 5 mmol/L tendency for the average frequency reduced from 1.6 times to 0.7 times(P 0.05). Conclusion Dynamic blood sugar monitoring system can display the extent of T2 DM patients blood sugar drift in detail and the trend of more targeted hypoglycemic auxiliary clinician, effective control of blood glucose fluctuation and the occurrence of hypoglycemia,shorten hospitalization time.


Rupture disc assemblies are used in piping network systems as a pressure-relief device to protect the system from being exposed to excess pressures. Among the various disc assemblies, the reverse-buckling type is chosen for application in the Clinch River Breeder Reactor. This rupture-disc assembly consists of a portion of a thin spherical shell with its convex side subjected to the fluid system. The reverse-buckling type rupture disc assemblies have been used successfully in environments where the fluid is gas, i.e. highly compressible, and their performances have been judged as adequate in the liquid environment. To analyze the piping system, an analysis method is needed taking into consideration of the fluid/disc interaction, the nonlinear dynamic buckling phenomenon of the disc, and the possible cavitation of the fluid. A computer code SWAAM-I had been written at the Components Technology Division, Argonne National Laboratory. Among its many functions, one is to compute the response of 1-dimensional pressure pulse propagation including the effects of many different types of boundary conditions and possible pipe plasticity.


Objective:To evaluate the treatment for varicose veins of lower limbs by EVLT combined withsurgery.Methods: One hundred and thirty seven cases(179 lower limbs) were selected with veins of lower limbs direct angiography or ultrasound and treated by surgery(to ligate great saphenous vein highly+to ligate communication vein +EVLT).Results: The follow-up for the mean period of 8 months(4-16 months) showed no recurrence and no clinical symptom or signs.The ultrasound showed great saphenous vein was blunt and no blood flow,and deep vein was normal.Conclusion: The merits of EVLT include small wound,security,simple orperation and satisfactory effect.If combine d surgery,this treatment for veins of lower limbs is satisfactory.


The consensus development program for health care is an American invention which dates back to 1977. It is derived out of concern for the appropriate use of medical technology and designed to formalize the process by which research pertinent to health care is disseminated and used.


A genetic programming(GP) based approach was developed for the synthesis of complex distillation systems.Combining with the knowledge of chemical engineering, some evolutionary functors were improved, and a set of special encoding method and solution strategy was put forward according to the characteristics of the complex distillation system.The flow scheme of the complex separation could be expressed directly by using GP's special hierarchical structure and the problem of different meanings encountered by other stochastic algorithms for expressing distillation system could be solved.Without any superstructures of distillation system, the feasible region could be looked for automatically.The solutions of examples demonstrated that the optimized synthesis problems of complex distillation system could be solved rapidly with the improved algorithm, and the optimal configurations of thermally coupled(linked)side columns,fully thermal coupling column(Petlyuk column)as well as heat integration between the different columns could be searched automatically.


Artist and educator George Swinton has collected Inuit art since the 1950's and has been instrumental in the creation of the Inuit collection at the Winnipeg Art Gallery. The essays outline the collector's criteria for purchasing this work and discuss the formal qualities and themes expressed in the sculpture and drawings presented here. 23 bibl. ref.


Stability is a fundamental requirement for governor system.This is to depict the operational features and characteristics of a tremendous hydropower station on the grid basis by taking an example of the governor system produced by Hydro Vevey at Ertan Hydropower Station,based on which the rule of parameter setting is given.


For the prediction of the leaching behavior of actinide elements contained in the fuel debris that has arisen from the severe accident in Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station (NPS), a simulated fuel debris consisting of UO2–ZrO2 solid solution doped with 137Cs, 237Np, 236Pu and 241Am tracers was synthesized, and agitated leaching tests were conducted for the simulated fuel debris in seawater. The synthesized simulated fuel debris was immersed and shaken in natural seawater collected at a coast 11 km away from Fukushima Daiichi NPS. The brief leaching test conditions were T = 25 °C and solid–liquid ratio = 4 g/l, and the test duration was up to 31 days. The ratio of tracers leached into seawater from the simulated fuel debris by the agitated leaching test for 4 days was evaluated to be 0.09% for U, 0.01% for Np, 0.01% for Pu, 0.01% for Am and 35.39% for Cs by the α or γ spectrometry of the soluble fraction. The leaching of actinides from the real fuel debris in reactor units 1–3 in Fukushima Daiichi NPS is expected to be suppressed in comparison with that from normal light water reactor spent fuel.


My thoughts today will be totally personal. For this I make no apologies. I was asked to share my own memories of John Stephenson. But how to do this? How to bring meaning to many casual moments and a few intensely emotional occasions? I was reminded of that familiar but often forgotten observation that our need today is for people with tough minds and tender hearts. I seem to see all around me many with tough, wizened hearts, many with tender, seif-centered minds—and all too few with the balance to create true community. John Stephenson understood that balance.


According to our national standard \[Experimental Animal Environment Facilities\] GB/T 14925-94,a comprehensive monitoring and overall evaluation were conducted on the parts of the experimental center that were rebuilt with color plastic coated steel plate and epoxy resin.The results showed that,after the rebuilding,the facility quality for experimental animals has met all the requirements and demands set by our nation and achieved the objectives for the facility rebuilding:less investment for rebuilding,less cost for maintenance,with a rational layout and flow-direction science.The experience we acquired in the rebuilding is worth being recommended to other Research Institutes,Drug Plants and Experimental Animal Centers.


The properties and structure of adenosine triphosphate-creatine phosphotransferase (EC 22.214.171.124) from muscle have been extensively investigated in recent years, with a view to elucidating the mechanism of catalysis and the function of the enzyme in vivo (for a review, see Kuby & Noltmann, 1962, pp. 515-596). However, apart from the preliminaryinvestigationbyNarayanaswami (1952), little attention appears to have been paid to the enzyme from cerebral tissue. The enzyme from brain is known (Narayanaswami, 1952) to have an absolute requirement for magnesium or other bivalent cations, and to catalyse the reversible reaction:


Teacher Perceptions of a Full-Service Community School Strategy for Language Arts Students by Jaclyn Dorrman MA, Montclair State University, 2007 BA, Rutgers State University, 2005 Doctoral Study Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Education Curriculum, Instruction, and Assessment Walden University March 2017 Abstract Students of all abilities at a Full-Service Community School (FSCS) in northern New Jersey are not meeting federal and state accountability requirements in language arts. Research studies indicated that the FSCS strategy can improve instructional practices, which will improve academic success. For this qualitative case study, the purpose was to document and analyze the strengths and weaknesses of the FSCS academic component for language arts used by 8 teachers from kindergarten to 6th grade. The conceptual framework that guided this study was grounded in the central understanding of Vygotsky and the constructivist theory of Bruner. The perceptions of language arts teachers who taught for at least two years in the district and utilized the FSCS academic component were necessary in identifying ways to improve teacher instruction. The study examined teachers' perspectives through interviews and the research questions focused on the strengths and weaknesses of the academically integrated FSCS strategy. The data was then transcribed and the data analysis of open coding was used to determine themes. The strengths included the mission, vision, and goals and the perceived weaknesses were focused on collaboration and the lack of time to collaborate. Based on the research findings it is recommended that a collaborative period be added to the master schedule to allow more opportunities to collaborate and improve instructional practices for language arts. Implementing the collaborative period may contribute to positive social change by allowing teachers and FSCS members to create common formative assessments, review student data, and lesson plan to improve instruction, which, ultimately may lead to higher levels of academic success for students in Language Arts.Students of all abilities at a Full-Service Community School (FSCS) in northern New Jersey are not meeting federal and state accountability requirements in language arts. Research studies indicated that the FSCS strategy can improve instructional practices, which will improve academic success. For this qualitative case study, the purpose was to document and analyze the strengths and weaknesses of the FSCS academic component for language arts used by 8 teachers from kindergarten to 6th grade. The conceptual framework that guided this study was grounded in the central understanding of Vygotsky and the constructivist theory of Bruner. The perceptions of language arts teachers who taught for at least two years in the district and utilized the FSCS academic component were necessary in identifying ways to improve teacher instruction. The study examined teachers' perspectives through interviews and the research questions focused on the strengths and weaknesses of the academically integrated FSCS strategy. The data was then transcribed and the data analysis of open coding was used to determine themes. The strengths included the mission, vision, and goals and the perceived weaknesses were focused on collaboration and the lack of time to collaborate. Based on the research findings it is recommended that a collaborative period be added to the master schedule to allow more opportunities to collaborate and improve instructional practices for language arts. Implementing the collaborative period may contribute to positive social change by allowing teachers and FSCS members to create common formative assessments, review student data, and lesson plan to improve instruction, which, ultimately may lead to higher levels of academic success for students in Language Arts. Teacher Perceptions of a Full-Service Community School Strategy for Language Arts Students by Jaclyn Dorrman MA, Montclair State University, 2007 BA, Rutgers State University, 2005 Doctoral Study Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Education Curriculum, Instruction, and Assessment Walden University March 2017


Abstract Arsenic (As) in rice has been known as a worldwide human health threat that results originally from the accumulation of As in soil in many rice cultivation regions. This study aims to evaluate As levels in the soil–rice system in the Mekong River delta (MRD) with special focuses on the geographical distribution and the relation to soil physio-chemical properties. It was found that soil As contents varied from 0.3 to 15.9 mg kg−1 ( = 7.22 ± 0.3 mg kg−1), whereas straw As content was about one order of magnitude lower ( = 0.92 ± 0.1 mg kg−1). The content of As in grain varied from "not detectable" to 1115 µg kg−1 ( = 73 ± 19 µg kg−1). Relatively similar geographical distribution patterns were observed for soil As and straw As, meanwhile grain As did not reveal a clear association with straw As and soil As. The accumulation of As in rice (straw and grain) were likely affected by various factors, but the mutual effects of soil As pool and soil properties were the most obvious. The East coastal area of the MRD has been identified as a vulnerable area to As threat. This finding suggests that in addition to the action plans to preserve coastal paddy soils from the threats of sea level rise and salt intrusion, contamination of As should also be considered.


The paper deals with identifying the circumstances of the emergence and development of metropolitan governance in Germany and France (two key EU countries with different administrative and political cultures) and to highlight both the advantages and the problems and limits of each solution. It draws on a study of German and French literary sources and interviews with German and French colleagues. The stability of the German institutional framework contrasts with the many administrative reforms in France over the last fifty years. French regions have a limited capacity for action compared to German federal states. The key actors in metropolitan governance are municipalities and cities in Germany and inter-municipal structures in France. In Germany, this is an evolutionarily slow, bottom-up process, gradually responding to emerging challenges and events, whereas in France, metropolitan governments have been institutionalised in a top-down manner. The emergence and development of metropolitan governance is a difficult process, hindered and resisted by established sub-national power structures. As the French experience in particular shows, there is a long and thorny road from theoretical vision (political legitimacy, a high degree of autonomy and relevant territorial delimitation) to practical implementation.


The rice brokerage is the indispensable subject of rice trading in modern Anhui. According to the service object,it can be classified three tapes: represents both the buyer and the seller,the seller and the buyer; thus,the rice trading procedure is different too. Totally,its number is quite a lot,but changes because of the rise and fall of the rice trade in modern Anhui. And it have different scale in various regions,accordingly,the internal structure and operational content varies,too. Establishs a business information network and stable business network by the relationship of blood,profession and geography,the rice brokeage become "the nerve center"of Anhui rice market network.


This paper presents a comprehensive analysis and comparison of air-cored axial-flux permanent-magnet machines with different types of coil configurations. Although coil factor is particularly more sensitive to coil-band width and coil pitch in air-cored machines than conventional slotted machines, remarkably no comprehensive analytical equations exist. Here, new formulas are derived to compare the coil factor of two common concentrated-coil stator winding types. Then, respective coil factors for the winding types are used to determine the torque characteristics and, from that, the optimized coil configurations. Three-dimensional finite-element analysis (FEA) models are built to verify the analytical models. Furthermore, overlapping and wave windings are investigated and compared with the concentrated-coil types. Finally, a prototype machine is designed and built for experimental validations. The results show that the concentrated-coil type with constant coil pitch is superior to all other coil types under study.


Objective: Endotracheal intubation is a frequently performed procedure in the intensive care unit (ICU). Extremely serious complications occur during this procedure. In this study, theoretical and practical training were given to residents who started to work in the medical intensive care unit, and it was aimed to evaluate the complications following training. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted prospectively. Results: A total of 36 patients were included in the study; 16 (45%) were male, and the average age of the patients was 64±16.0 years. The most common indications for admittance to the ICU were shock (50%) and acute respiratory failure (36%). The most common indication for intubation was determined as acute respiratory failure (44%). The intubation was performed as an emergency procedure in 27% of these patients, whereas it was performed semi-urgently in 8% and electively in 65%. Among intubated patients, at least one complication developed in 13 (36%) cases. The drugs most commonly used for sedation were midazolam (76%) and propofol (16.7%). Conclusion: Complications of endotracheal intubation are significant problems in ICUs. A successful procedure of intubation avoids complications. Regular training for endotracheal intubation in the ICU decreases the complications.


Codex Alimentarius or the food code has become the global reference point for all participants in the food chain (e.g. primary producers, processors and consumers). Its influence extends to every continent playing an important role in the protection of public health and fair practices for almost 50 years. It also allows taking a role in the development of codes governing hygienic processing practices and recommendations relating to compliance with food standards. Right now all over the world, consumers and governments are becoming aware of food safety issues, which requires taking legislative action to ensure that only safe food of acceptable quality is available to each consumer. Codex Alimentarius is a collection of standards, codes of practice, guidelines and other recommendations. Some of these documents are very general and some are very specific. Moreover for more food safety Code of Practice on Good Animal Feeding elaborated in 2004 takes into account all relevant aspects of animal health and the environment in order to minimize the risk to consumers health. Since feed safety issues are becoming more and more important Codex Alimentarius Commission at the 32 Session decided to establish an electronic working group to prepare: a proposal for the scope and the terms of reference for the future work on animal feeding, taking into consideration the conclusions and recommendations from FAO/WHO expert meeting on Animal Feeding Impact on Food safety; and a proposal for a suitable mechanism for Codex to carry out this work.


An immobilised monoclonal antibody (ESN1) was repeatedly used for the preparation of artificial factor IX (FIX) deficient plasma (AND), and subsequent recovery of bound FIX. Column depletion removed >99% of the FIX from plasma, without affecting other clotting factors. Results of FIX assays performed with AND showed excellent correlation (r=0.981) with those using congenital FIX deficient plasma for plasma obtained from normal subjects, from patients on warfarin treatment, and congenitally FIX deficient subjects. Moreover, 70-90% of bound FIX was each time recovered from the ESN1 column in active form by elution with 7 M urea. After concentration and absorbtion of the eluate with protein A Sepharose CL4B, western blotting of non-reduced^ and reduced FIX showed a single major band which co-migrated with conventionally purified FIX. Repeated use of the ESN1 column (>9 times) has not hindered AND preparation or the recovery of bound FIX in active form.


Presently, only a small body of literature investigates the internal processes of boards of directors using a qualitative approach, and the number of Not-For-Profit (NFP) sector board studies is even smaller. However, there is a strong argument for unders


Abstract. The aim of this study was to apply Raman spectroscopy in the high wavenumber (HW) region (2800 to 3000  cm−1) for ex vivo detection of gastric cancer and compare its diagnostic potential with that of the fingerprint (FP) region (800 to 1800  cm−1). Raman spectra were collected in the FP and HW regions to differentiate between normal mucosa (n=38) and gastric cancer (n=37). The distinctive Raman spectral differences between normal and cancer tissues are observed at 853, 879, 1157, 1319, 1338, 1448, and 2932  cm−1 and are primarily related to proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, collagen, and carotenoids in the tissue. In FP and HW Raman spectroscopy for diagnosis of gastric cancer, multivariate diagnostic algorithms based on partial-least-squares discriminant analysis, together with leave-one-sample-out cross validation, yielded diagnostic sensitivities of 94.59% and 81.08%, and specificities of 86.84% and 71.05%, respectively. Receiver operating characteristic analysis further confirmed that the FP region model performance is superior to that of the HW region model. Better differentiation between normal and gastric cancer tissues can be achieved using FP Raman spectroscopy and PLS-DA techniques, but the complementary natures of the FP and HW regions make both of them useful in diagnosis of gastric cancer.


The cooling system is one of the essential systems for the normal operation of vehicle engine. This article takes a 1.5L naturally aspirated vehicle model as the prototype, a simplified simulation model is established by using Amesim software. And the performance of engine cooling system is simulated under extremely cold and normal temperature conditions. In addition, the effects of multiple influencing factors such as water pump transmission ratio, radiator row number, and radiator windward area are further analyzed on cooling performance under normal temperature conditions. The simulation results show that the radiator row number has a significant impact on the performance for the cooling system, the water pump transmission ratio and radiator windward area also play an important role. The research in this article is beneficial for early development of the cooling system components influencing factors in projects. It can enable the product development team to quickly develop and select optimal solution schemes. That is to say the design cycle of the cooling system can be greatly shorten, and the research in this article has certain engineering application value.


A participle is a special form of a verb in which verb grammatical features are conjugated with adjectival ones. This is manifested both at the level of categorical meaning, and at the level of grammatical categories and syntactic functions. The participle is a verb form located on the periphery of the verb system, so verbal grammatical categories often manifest themselves in a flawed form. Due to this hybridity, syncretism, participles are subjected to changes in the process of historical development. This determines the relevance of the study, identifying the reasons for a dynamic development of the participle system, determining current trends in their functioning. In the course of the research methods of observation, description, functional and semantic analysis, quantitative methodology were used to assess the dynamics of functioning of future participlesin the process of historical development. As sources of language material we used Russian writers' works selected from the National Corpus of the Russian Language. On the basis of the research, it was found out that the system of participles underwent significant transformations during the period from the Old Russian language to the modern one. This is manifested in significant grammaticalization processes that led to the restructuring of the verb system and the temporal and collateral verb paradigm. It is revealed that in the modern Russian language participles remain an unstable form, which is manifested in the processes of transformation of verbal grammatical categories in participles, leading to their transition to the system of adjectives. The study of the language material allowed us to establish a wide range of gradual transitions from participles to adjectives. We analyzed the reasons for the activation of future participles in modern publicistic and artistic texts, the dynamics of their functioning from the XIX century to the present, the possibilities of participles in overcoming paradigmatic limitations in the process of functioning in the text.


Recently, Mr. Roger Notcutt of Woodbridge showed me a beautiful flint implement (figs, 1, 1 a, and 1 b), and it is through his kindness that I am able to describe it. The specimen was found when spreading out a large mass of material carted to the seaplane station at Felixstowe for making a football ground, and this material was derived from the making of a new road in the eastern part of the town. The flint blade contains in its interstices, on both faces, remains of an easily recognizable reddish sandy loam, and this loam is present over a wide area beneath the thin surface humus in the district of Felixstowe where Looe Road is situated. I have visited the site of this highway, and have compared the loam there exposed with that attached to the implement. This comparison shows that the deposits are, so far as an examination with a high-power lens is concerned, identical. The flint blade has attached to its surfaces small patches of what appears to be manganese, and the sandy loam present at Looe Road contains similar small inclusions. There cannot therefore remain much doubt that the implement was derived from the sandy loam. This deposit represents, probably, the upper part of the Red Crag, relaid by wind action. The loam rests upon the latter bed, and the site of the find is on a low plateau bordering the North Sea and lying at a height of about 50 ft. above O.D.


The generation of computational grids suitable for obtaining accurate numerical solutions to the three-dimensional Navier-Stokes equations is the subject of intensive research. For a wide class of nozzle configurations, a three-dimensional grid can be constructed by a sequence of two-dimensional grids in successive cross-sectional planes. The present paper is concerned with numerical generation of two-dimensional grids. An effective method of interior grid control is presented based on a modified elliptic system containing free parameters. For a simply connected region, the free parameters are computed from the Dirichlet boundary values. The resulting interior grid point distribution is controlled entirely by a priori selection of the grid point distribution along the boundaries of the section.


We have been studying the concealing-restoring system (CRS) set on the data link layer of the open-systems-interconnection reference model in order to protect the data on the physical layer since we supplied its prototype. CRS comprises the digital-to-analog encoding, main body, and analog-to-digital encoding. The main body consists of the concealing system and the restoring system. The concealing and restoring of data are performed by the random noise disturbance and the noise elimination, respectively. In this paper, we report the results of numerical experiments in the accuracy of the restoration of CRS, and make statistical analyses on the results in detail.


Dysphagia is a treatment‐related complication of head and neck cancer (HNCA). We demonstrate the predictive value of a modified head and neck swallow scale (m‐HNSW) adapted from the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire‐Head and Neck 35 (EORTC‐QLQ‐H&N35).


AbstractSpray dried and granulated lactosa was subjected to sieve analysis, and flow rate together with angle of repose also determined. Tablets of lactose were prepared, at pressures of SO 2 and 120 MN/m at production rates from 1 to BO per minute, using an instrumented single punch tablet machine.The physical properties of the tablets determined were hardness, thickness, uniformity of weight, friability and disintegration time. They were found to conform to United States Pharmacopoeal standards for uniformity of weight and thickness, friability decreased with tablet hardness.Examination of tablet surfaces, using a scanning electronmicro-scope, revealed differences in structure related to speed of production with smoother more compact surfaces produced as tabletting rate was increased. This was most pronounced at the highest punch pressure and probably is the result of faster consolidation of particles and their surface fusion. A result of this was that disintegration time for tablets, produced at a give...


The study therefore was designed for isolation identification and antibiotic resistance assessment of UTI causing bacteria. Bacterial pathogens causing UTI in dogs and human are becoming more resistant to antibiotic use. To evaluate the diversity and antibiotic resistance of uropathogenic bacteria


We present cross sections for pickup of several atmospherically relevant molecules on ice nanoparticles with the 0.5-3 nm diameter range. The experimental values are supported by molecular dynamics simulations and analytical calculations based on long-range cluster-molecule potentials. The cross sections are all considerably larger than the geometrical cross section of nanoparticle and vary significantly for different guest molecules.


The paper considers a problem of reuse the legacy code in the Web-oriented software, namely ISAPI extension modules. Since ISAPI classes MFC Application Architecture, reuse of legacy classes that are compliant with the MFC document-view paradigm may be a challenge. The extension library presented in the paper empowers Web programmers to speed up creation of the ISAPI modules by reuse of the document classes from the legacy MFC applications.


The field experiment was conducted to evaluate how row intercropping of the lentil with naked oats as a supporting plant impacts macroand micronutrient content of two lentil varieties 'Tina' and 'Anita' as well as a mixture of these two varieties. Additionally, amino acid content and fatty acid composition of lentil seeds were determined. Lentil was sown at a row spacing of 20 and 25 cm. In var. 'Tina' seeds, a higher content of K, Ca, Mg, Mn and B was determined than in var. 'Anita'. 'Anita' seeds, in turn, were characterized by a higher content of fat, N, P, Cu, Zn and Fe. Lentil seeds sown at a spacing of 20 cm had a higher content of P, K, Ca, Cu, Zn and B compared to a spacing of 25 cm, but they contained less nitrogen. The presence of oats as a supporting crop deteriorated the quality of lentil seeds by contributing to a reduced content of N, P, K, Cu, Zn, Mn, Fe and B compared to sole cropped lentil. A higher content of C18:0, C18:2, C18:3, C20:0, OMEGA 3, and OMEGA 6 acids was determined in 'Anita' seeds. Var. 'Tina', in turn, contained more C16:0, C18:1 acids. In 'Anita' seeds, the content of most evaluated amino acids was determined to be significantly higher than in 'Tina' seeds.


Introduction: The study on qualitative phytochemical screening and antifungal activities was evaluated on Cashew (Anacardium occidentale Linn.) leaf extracts using standard procedures.
Objectives: With the view of evaluating its secondary metabolites and also assessing it's antifungal activities.
Methodology: The antifungal activities of the leaves extracts (aqueous and ethanol) were carried out using agar incorporation method at varying concentrations (20 mg/mL, 40 mg/mL, 60 mg/mL, 80 mg/mL and 100 mg/mL). The aqueous and ethanolic extracts were tested against Aspergillus niger and Rhizopus stolonifer (isolated from street vended sliced fruits).
Results: The phytochemical screening revealed that A. occidentale leaf extracts (aqueous and ethanolic) contained; Tannins, flavonoids, alkaloids, Cardiac glycosides, Glycosides, Saponins glycosides, Saponins, Steroids and Volatile oils with the exceptions of Anthraquines and Balsams. The result shows that aqueous extracts has no significant inhibitory activity when compared to the ethanolic extracts against A. niger (p =0.05). The highest mean zone of inhibition (38.00± 5.00 mm) was observed at 100 mg/mL concentration of the aqueous extract and the lowest mean zone of inhibition (12.67± 2.51 mm) was observed at 20 mg/mL concentration of the ethanol extracts against A. niger while R. stolonifer were highly resistant to both extracts. The minimum inhibitory concentration of the extract (MIC) was observed at 20 mg/mL for both extracts.
Conclusion: Thus, the study showed that A. occidentale could be a possible source of obtaining new and effective drugs.


Reports on the 63 fertility related state laws enacted in 1981, concentrating on 5 issues: parental consent or notification for minors seeking abortion; public funding for abortions for poor women; minors' rights regarding medical care on their own consent; sterilization of the mentally retarded; and insurance coverage for pregnancy related medical care. Only 1 state called for parental consent for contraception: a Utah statute prohibits the use of public funds to provide contraceptive or abortion information or services to minors without parental consent. Although the law conflicts with the federal statute establishing the Title X family planning program, proposed new federal regulations would require notification of both parents of all minors receiving prescription contraceptives and in states with statutes like Utah's would forbid contraceptive services to minors without parental consent. 1/3 of the laws under discussion involved abortion, with 5 of 7 states which passed legislation relating to Medicaid funding of abortions making such funding considerably more restrictive. 1/5 of the laws related to services to minors, most involving parental consent, with the right of at least some minors to consent to medical care clarified or reinforced in several cases. Regarding family planning programs in general, Arizona has restricted family planning services from its health services for the indigent, while Hawaii and Maryland passed new laws making family planning services or devices more accessible. 7 new insurance laws were aimed at ensuring equal treatment of pregnancy related medical care or extending existing coverage. 4 sterilization laws addressed the difficult issue of sterilization of the mentally retarded by providing safeguards against the potential for abuse that has been increasingly noted in recent years.


Violence against women has become a global problem. The developed and underdeveloped countries across the World are equally facing the brunt of this gender based violence. Owing to illiteracy, poverty, unawareness of human rights among women and their secondary status have been some of the contributory factors that triggers the violence against the most vulnerable section of all primitive and contemporary societies of the World. Since more than five decades, several norms, standards, modules, strategies and individual rapporteurs have been developed at international level laying emphasis how to counter the problem of domestic violence. All international human rights norms and standards furnish ample guidance and gave adequate recommendations to member states to combat this gender based violence in their respective countries. The objective of the present paper is therefore to make analysis of existing norms relevant in context of obliterating the violence. The paper also tenders some suggestions how member states can bring their municipal laws in tune with best international mandates on prevention of domestic violence.


This study was to determine the factors that affect the professional competence of teachers at the Tamansiswa Pematangsiantar College. There is a simultaneous influence of work experience, education level, status, and the self-development of teachers on teacher competence. This study uses a quantitative approach to explore the factors that affect the professional competence of teachers at the Tamansiswa Pematangsiantar College. The dependent variable (dependent) is the professional competence of teachers. The total population is 129 teachers. The sample size is taken to be as many as 109 teachers. The statistical analysis used is multiple regression analysis and the residual test for the moderating variable.


An approach to the construction of dynamic plant control systems with limited uncertainty based on the use of exo-model is developed. The concept and properties of exo-model as approach to the synthesis of control are formulated. Synthesized adaptive controls based on the proposed approach for multirate exo-models of technical systems with the presentation of the results in the form of theorems are discussed. The adaptive control provides an asymptotic stability and relative roughness to the unaccounted dynamic subsystems with small parameters. The dynamics research results of the adaptive electrohydraulic actuators of aircraft flight surface illustrate the stabilization of a given quality of servoactuators dynamic characteristics in conditions of some significant changes in the parameters, and in the action of external power disturbances, confirmed by full-scale tests on the drive factory samples.


Analysis of rotors in hover has always been a significant challenge. The presence of strong vortices underneath the rotor requires a large amount of grid points to properly capture the vorticity and many time steps are required to reach a time-independent state. In this study, a hybrid Navier-Stokes/free-wake method is used to preserve trailing vortices with a lower grid count. In order to achieve fast steady performance solution, two wake modeling approaches are introduced. One is a free-wake model with relaxation, and the other is a constrained down-wash wake model based on Landgrebe model. In this hybrid method, Navier-Stokes and free-wake solvers are loosely coupled for fast convergence in hover. The S-76 model-scale blades with three tip designs were studied to assess current approaches. The proposed approaches showed reasonable to good correlation with measured Figure of Merit, thrust and torque data, and the impacts of tip design and tip speed variations were captured well.


A scouring article including a monolithic nonwoven pad with a semi-densified fibrous layer that is integral to the monolithic nonwoven pad and that provides a major surface of the monolithic nonwoven pad, and methods of making and using.


Gender equality policies risk contributing to the reproduction of gender inequality. This is what I will call the Gordic Knot of gender equality. It is caused by the paradox that the policy reproduces the binary understanding of gender and that gender discourse creates the conditions for what is meaningful to say, do and change. In the article I discuss how Nancy Fraser's theory of justice can help in solving this paradox and the dilemmas following it. I also criticise Fraser and add new perspectives and tools based on research into the labour movement in Denmark and Britain.


An X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) study has been performed to examine the chemical form of Ca in spinach. The spectra obtained by XAFS measurements show direct evidence that Ca exists in th...


Eight derivatives of the bithiazole-type myxobacterial antibiotic cystothiazole A were evaluated for antifungal activity against a phytopathogenic microorganism for a further structure-activity relationship. Two of them, an acetate and a fully conjugated non-chiral derivative, were new derivatives obtained by chemical derivatization of cystothiazole C. The results confirmed the importance of the bend conformation at C-4/C-5, the methyl ether at C-5, and the lipophilicity of the terminal alkyl group of the molecule.


Although historically, organic materials have not been thought of as optical materials, organics are experiencing increased use as both passive and active optical components. Applications range from passive elements such as gratings, fibers, interconnects, lens, and prisms to active components such as light emitting diodes, electro-optic modulators, solid-state lasers, frequency doublers, optical memories, and sensor protection elements. The utilization of organic materials has typically involved competition with established technology based on inorganic materials. For example, polymeric optical fibers must compete with established silica fiber technology, polymeric electro-optic modulators must compete with established lithium niobate technology, organic light emitting diodes with a host of inorganic light emitting materials, etc. Unless organics offer special advantages, they have little chance of market penetration. A frequently quoted putative general advantage of organics, and particularly polymeric materials, is their processibility and low cost. In areas such as discrete passive components, this advantage clearly comes into play and has resulted with wide commercial use. Indeed, inorganic materials such as sol-gel glasses have major difficulty in competing with polymeric materials in the manufacture of passive discrete optical components. For applications, such as electro-optic modulators and light emitting diodes, the success of organics depends on a number of properties other than materials cost or processibility although even here processibility can be an important consideration for issues such as integration with semiconductor VLSI electronics.


Forty-one oral squamous cell carcinomas were immunohistochemically examined for p53 protein and PCNA. Twenty-six cases (63.4% ) showed p53 overexpression, but the frequency of p53 protein was not correlated with the degree of histological differentiation. PCNA LI was inversely correlated with the grade of histological differentiation. There was no significant difference in PCNA LI between the p53-positive group and the p53-negative group. In p53-positive cases, p53 protein and PCNA showed similar staining patterns. These results indicated that the degree of histological differentiation is associated with proliferative potential, but not with the presence of p53 protein.


The status of numerical hydrodynamical models for Planetary Nebulae is reviewed. Since all of the numerical work is based on the interacting winds model, we start with a description of this model and give an overview of the early analytical and numerical models. Subsequently we address the numerical models which include radiation effects, first of all the ones which neglect any effects of stellar evolution. These `constant environment' models are shown to closely match typical observed nebulae, both in images and kinematic data. This shows that the basic generalized interacting winds model gives a good description of the situation in aspherical PNe. Next we discuss models that do include the effects of stellar and fast wind evolution. This introduces several new effects, the most important of which are the formation of a surrounding attached envelope, and the modification of the expansion of the nebula, which helps in creating aspherical PNe very early on in their evolution. The ionization of the slow wind also leads to a gradual smoothing out of its aspherical character, working against aspherical PNe forming in later stages. Finally we discuss some applications of the model to nebular problems.


This paper discuss on the optimization of process parameters for the machining of Al6061 aluminium alloy in Wire Electrical Discharge Machining (WEDM). Al6061 has a significant use in various domains like aerospace, ordnance, and automotive sectors. Wire EDM is used in the fields of Dies, Moulds Precision Manufacturing and contour cutting. The experiments have been conducted by varying four process parameters such as Peak current, Ton, Toff and Servo feed in three different levels. The important output measurable parameters like material removal rate (MRR), Surface roughness (Ra) value of the machined surface for each experimental runs has been measured. Taguchi's L9(34) Orthogonal Array was employed to carry on the experiments, that agree with arbitrarily opted distinct combinations of the mentioned process parameter. All experiments have been conducted using Electronica Sprintcut WEDM. Grey relational analysis was employed to change over the multi-objective measure into a tantamount individual objective function. Taguchi technique was used to optimize the overall grey relational grade. Verification experiments were done to validate the optimal results.


It is accepted that selecting students for the MBBS course is fairly difficult and not totally effective. This article documents the process undertaken at Kathmandu Medical College (KMC) with reference to previous attempts and suggestions for the future.


Web analytics tools provide huge amounts of data, and the prospect of sorting through that data to determine what is useful and what is not can be daunting. This chapter of Using Web Analytics in the Library offers descriptions of different metrics and types of data, as well as guidelines for finding the data most important for a given situation.


When the conventional logistics distribution demand forecasting method was used to forecast the multi-region logistics distribution demand, there was a lack of low analysis accuracy. Therefore, a multi-region logistics distribution demand forecasting method based on big data analysis was proposed. Big data technology was introduced to build a multi-region logistics distribution demand forecasting framework and to build a multi-region logistics distribution model. Based on the determination of different demands of logistics distribution among regions, the model of demand forecasting was embedded to realize the prediction and analysis of multi-region logistics distribution demand. The experimental data showed that the big data prediction method proposed was 57.23% higher in accuracy than the conventional method, which was suitable for the prediction of logistics distribution demand in different regions and multiple regions.


We prove that an algorithm for selecting both the minimum and maximum element from an unordered set is minimean optimal. This algorithm had already been shown to be minimax optimal. The circumstances in which the same algorithm is optimum for both norms leads to a conjecture relating both norms. The method of proof utilizes a new idea in the theory of sorting optimality, namely degree information of the Hasse digraphs.


John Chivington is relatively well known for his actions at the Sand Creek Massacre. Smith examines Chivington's earlier career as a soldier with the First Colorado Regiment in an effort to determine if he deserved his reputation as a hero at the Civil War Battle of Glorieta Pass. During this campaign, Smith argues that Chivington and his men revealed a tendency to perpetrate the atrocities they would later commit at Sand Creek; something they hid from most accounts.


AIM
To investigate hCG on the expression of epidermal growth factor (EGF) in renal tissues.

METHODS
20 male SD rats weighed 300 - 350 g were injected hCG 200 IU/d for 7 days, and 20 male rats were injected sa-line at equal volume as a control. Kidney tissues were per-formed with immunohistochemical staining to evaluate the distribution of EGF and quantitative PCR (Q-PCR) was used to evaluate the EGF mRNA.

RESULTS
Immunohistochemtry showed that the positive rate of EGF in experimental group was significantly higher than that in control group(P<0.01), but Q-PCR results showed no significant difference between two groups ( P > 0. 05).

CONCLUSION
hCG increased the concentration of EGF by maturing pre-pro-EGF not expressing EGF from de novo synthesis.


Most legal tasks involve document preparation. Drafting effective texts is central to lawyering, judging, legislating, and regulating. How best to support that work with intelligent tools is an ancient topic in AI-and-Law circles. This article surveys the history and current state of document drafting software and associated theory. Present frontiers in both of those fields are identified, and a preliminary sketch is made of a 'grand unified theory' of legal drafting systems.


This paper presents a Finite Element Method (FEM) application to thermal study of natural three layers of human dermal parts of varying properties. This paper carries out investigation of temperature distributions in these layers namely epidermis, dermis and under lying tissue layer. It is assumed that the outer skin is exposed to atmosphere and the loss of heat due to convection, radiation and evaporation of water have also been taken into account. The computations are carried out for one dimensional unsteady state case and the shape functions in dermal parts have been considered to be quadratic. A Finite Element scheme that uses the Crank-Nicolson method is used to solve the problem and the results computed have been exhibited graphically.


Post-socialist China is undergoing a revolutionary break from her socialist period. The contemporary age is characterized by marketization, commercialization, and urbanization, and is celebrated as a glorious cultural heterogeneity and social/spatial mobility in contrast to the total, rigid control of the previous authoritarian rule of Mao's regime. The goal of China's development platform is to achieve a modernity that particularly involves 'linking tracks with the world' (yu shijie jiegui), which reveals China's strong desire as well as profound anxieties about catching up with the world as well as her profound anxieties. Indeed, to be global means to be measured by other members of the global community. The establishment of a market economy— the key change in the economic reform—has thus launched China into the trajectory of world capitalism, and put China in the global circuits of capital, labor, and culture. These fundamental changes have reconfigured relations between state and society, social relations, and social formations. Nevertheless, the Chinese state is still powerful, extending its reach far into the intimate spaces of everyday life. Perhaps one of its most significant manifestations has been the social reality and vision created by the state. That is, the discourse of economic development and globalization does not rest at the discursive level; it strongly dictates and productively creates social reality. Contemporary China is marked by decided rejection of everything represented by Mao's socialist practices. However, the post-socialist state and its development platform share their manner of operation: both operate by producing images and imaginaries about the social reality and individual subjects. The current state however has shifted its gaze and mode of operation away from purely ideological indoctrination and politicized aesthetic practices to commercial cultural economy and 'imageering'. In accordance with its economic agenda and global strategies, the Chinese state is trying to create an image of a globalized China through media networks, the politics of big-projects and impressive imageabilities. One of the most conspicuous spectacles, for example, is the skyscraper. Although a late-comer in global modernization and urbanization, China, according to SkyscraperPage.com, is already ranked third in the world in creating the tallest buildings. Anthony King points out that the skyscraper, originally an American architectural sign, has become, in the twentieth century, the paradigmatic statement of the economic ideology, mode of production, and capitalist ethos global wise. In its global migration, it has turned


Elevated atmospheric deposition of mercury since the mid-1800s industrial revolution has led to a large legacy of mercury accumulation in wetlands. However, the influence of different wetland types on the retention and biogeochemical cycling of mercury within wetlands remains unclear. In this study, mercury pool sizes and stoichiometry with C, N, and S are quantified across upland-wetland transects and among wetlands of different hydrogeologic setting in the Adirondack region of New York State. The pool size of mercury varied across the upland-wetland interface, among wetland types, across individual wetland transects, and along depth profiles in soils of forests and wetlands of the Sunday Lake watershed. Total mercury pool size was greater in upland soils than in wetland soils (to 50 cm depth, p<0.01). Shallow peat riparian wetlands had greater mercury pool size (to 50 cm depth) than deep peat riparian or headwater wetlands (p<0.099, p<0.046). There was greater accumulation of mercury at the upland-wetland interface in deep peat riparian and headwater wetlands as compared to the overall wetland transect (p=0.008). In mineral horizons of the uplands and shallow peat riparian wetlands, mercury was strongly correlated with carbon (p=0.002, r=0.73), and nitrogen (p<0.001, r=0.82), but not sulfur. In deep peat riparian and headwater wetlands, there was no relationship between mercury and carbon or nitrogen; however, there was a strong correlation between mercury and sulfur in the peat of headwater wetlands (p<0.0001, r=0.60). Hydrogeologic setting influences decomposition processes, biogeochemical cycling of mercury, and


Abstract: An overview of the scientific literature in the medical field tells us that a large part of electronic nose applications is devoted to breath analysis. A network based study can help testing thevalidity of this strategy when using many different devices based on identical or different technologies, in view of a use in real clinical practice. The first step is the instrument calibration using aset of key-compounds. In this work a gas sensor array based on Quartz Micro Balance (QMB) transducers functionalized with metallo-porphyrins (ROTV e-nose), and a Cyranose are used simultaneously in a calibration experiment with three ad hoc selected compounds: ethanol, hexane and ethyl acetate, at concentration levels around 1 ppm. Thesetests have demonstrated that LODs down to tens of ppb are possible.Moreover, a mapping between the two instruments has been performed through the calculation of a model based on Cyranose data, and applied to the ROTV e-nose data, for the prediction of compound concentrations. This test has shown a good ability in concentrations prediction, with an error lower than 10 ppb.


Pseudo-β-DL-fructopyranose has been synthesized from DL-1,2-di-O-acetyl-(1,3/2)-3-bromomethyl-5-cyclohexene-1,2-diol by two reaction routes. The pseudosugar was found to be sweet and this fact provides a strong support for Shallenberger's sweetness-structure hypothesis.


An effective simulation of the urban sprawl in an urban agglomeration is conducive to making regional policies. Previous studies verified the effectiveness of the cellular-automata (CA) model in simulating urban sprawl, and emphasized that the definition of transition rules is the key to the construction of the CA model. However, existing simulation models based on CA are limited in defining complex transition rules. The aim of this study was to investigate the capability of two unsupervised deep-learning algorithms (deep-belief networks, DBN) and stacked denoising autoencoders (SDA) to define transition rules in order to obtain more accurate simulated results. Choosing the Beijing–Tianjin–Tangshan urban agglomeration as the study area, two proposed models (DBN–CA and SDA–CA) were implemented in this area for simulating its urban sprawl during 2000–2010. Additionally, two traditional machine-learning-based CA models were built for comparative experiments. The implementation results demonstrated that integrating CA with unsupervised deep-learning algorithms is more suitable and accurate than traditional machine-learning algorithms on both the cell level and pattern level. Meanwhile, compared with the DBN–CA, the SDA–CA model had better accuracy in both aspects. Therefore, the unsupervised deep-learning-based CA model, especially SDA–CA, is a novel approach for simulating urban sprawl and also potentially for other complex geographical phenomena.


Some iron(III)porphyrin complexes were prepared, and identified by the spectroscopic methods. Elution behavior of iron(III)porphyrin complexes was investigated by reversed-phase HPLC. The optimum conditions for the separation of iron(III)porphyrin complexes were examined with respect to flow rate and mobile phase strength. These complexes were successfully separated on NOVA-PAK column using methanol / water(95/5) for and methanol / water (98/2) for as a mobile phase. It was found that these complexes were largely eluted in an acceptable range of capacity factor value (). The dependence of the capacity factor (k') on the volume fraction of water in the binary mobile phase as well as the dependence of k' on the liquid-liquid extraction distribution ratio in methanol-water / n-pentadecane extraction system showed a good linearity. It means that the retention of iron(III)porphyrin complexes on NOVA-PAK column is largely due to the solvophobic effect. Also, there was a good linear dependence of the capacity factor(k') on the column temperature and enthalpy calculated by van't Hoff plot. From these results, it was confirmed that the retention mechanism of iron(III)porphyrin complexes in reversed-phase liquid chromatography was invariant under the condition of various temperature, and the solvophobic binding process exhibited isoequilibrium behavior.


Recurrent infection with herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV1) has been discussed as contributing to Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology. HSV1 infection has been shown to induce beta‐amyloid (Aβ) accumulation and tau pathology in cell culture and animal models. Aβ limits the activity of the virus and might be part of the innate immune system. Both hyperphosphorylated tau (pTau) and HSV1 are associated with intracellular kinase activity. In this study, we investigated the association of serological HSV biomarkers with CSF biomarkers for Aβ and tau pathology as well as neuronal injury in humans with AD.


The need for efficient multiview video coding schemes is expected to strongly increase in the near future. The distributed multiview video coding (DMVC) approach seems very promising since it can achieve good compression efficiency while keeping the complexity low. The main contribution of this paper is to investigate how to improve the classic DMVC framework based on transform domain WZ video coding (TDWZ) by means of the introduction of the 3D-DCT. The main advantage of this combination resides in the limited computational complexity of the overall framework, which however does not penalise the compression performance since both the spatial and the temporal domain correlation can be exploited due to the use of the 3D-DCT. The framework is designed in a flexible way so that it can handle both traditional and residual-frame-based WZ coding. The simulation results confirm the validity of the proposed framework in terms of video quality improvements, with gains up to 4.4 dB PSNR compared to a pixel domain WZ technique, and up to 0.6 dB PSNR compared to a 2D-DCT-based one.


Japan has many cultures, such as religious ceremonies and traditional ceremonies. The ceremony for drinking tea or chanoyu is one of them which is quite well-known and still exists today since the 16th century. Tea was introduced to Japan around the 16th century by Zen monks. Sen no Rikyu, one of the masters of this ceremony always uses four basic principles in chanoyu, namely harmony ( wa ), respect (kei), purity (sei) and calm (jaku). The research method used the library method and descriptive analysis, which describes the data obtained then analyzes it. The main purpose of this research is to gain deep meaning about the concept of Zen in the Chanoyu ceremony and the politeness expression of speech acts in the Chanoyu ceremony. The results of this study were found in the Chanoyu ceremony that each series of tea or chanoyu ceremonies contained elements of Zen, namely elements of wa-keisei-jaku and the concept of wabi sabi. This concept is reflected in the expressiveness of language that begins with preparation, implementation and closing. The six kinds of politeness maxims according to Leech's theory are 1. Tact Maxim, namely in speaking Japanese people cling to this maxim to be able to avoid the attitude of envy, heart, and other attitudes that are less polite to the speech partner. 2.Maxim of Generosity namely, Japanese people in speaking and doing in the Chanoyu ceremony always respect others. 3. The Maxim of Approbation, namely the participants of the discussion in the Chanoyu ceremony did not ridicule each other, berate each other, or demean each other because they would be considered as rude people. 4. The Maxim of Modesty in Chanoyu reflects the personality and knowledge of the host including life goals, ways of thinking, religion, appreciation for Chanoyu ceremonial equipment and how to place art objects in the Chanoyu ceremony room. 5. The Maxim of Agreement, namely the participants in the Chanoyu ceremony can mutually foster compatibility or agreement , and be polite. 6. The Maxim of Sympathy, that the participants in the Chanoyu ceremony can maximize sympathy between one party and the other.


In software development, implementation strays from the intended architecture in what is known as architectural drift as programmers introduce communication pathways between components that shouldn't be interacting. In our approach, we have embedded an architecture description language (ADL) into a programming language that restricts resource access with capabilities and generates connections via metaprogramming. Not only does this ensure that the system semantics reflect its architectural principles, but this also facilitates editing compatible with rapid software evolution. CCS CONCEPTS • Software and its engineering → Software organization and properties; Software system structures;


Abstract For 10 years, from the late 1960s, the France-based British photographer David Hamilton gained widespread public acclaim. His work appeared ubiquitous in popular culture, from photo shoots for Vogue to the publicity photography for the Nina Ricci perfume L'Air du Temps. His books, featuring soft focus imagery of young women in idyllic summer settings devoid of the symbols of modernity, became bestsellers in many countries, bought in their hundreds of thousands, and captured a romantic and escapist aesthetic of the time that influenced cultural products from advertising to fashion. This article examines his work and its public reception to explain both its initial phenomenal popularity and subsequent disregard. It is argued here that his photography provides insight into the cultural Zeitgeist of that early period and, by charting its reception, changing sociocultural sensibilities can be observed.


Why do states give us these whips to flagellate themselves with? Nigel Rodley, former legal adviser of Amnesty International and [at the time of writing] UN Special Rapporteur on Torture, 1993 The international legal regime negotiated after World War II was the most ambitious effort in history to adopt new international legal standards for human rights. Historical circumstances – flowing from the war and from Nazi and other atrocities – were of such a nature and magnitude that for the first time governments joined in a cooperative effort under United Nations auspices to draft legal agreements to reduce the possibility of such tragedies in the future. Leaders in many parts of the developing world found that the rights framework resonated with self-determination in the project of decolonization. The Cold War encouraged leaders in both the United States and the Soviet Union to champion rights of differing kinds as a way to seize the moral high ground in their global competition for allies and adherents. But as we have seen, the development of a successful legal regime was hardly a foregone conclusion. Chapter 2 discussed the domestic resistance within the United States to an enforceable rights regime internationally. The Soviet Union had withheld its support from the UDHR in 1948. The British took a decade to ratify the ICCPR, doing so the year it entered into force. The articulation and broad acceptance of a legal approach to international human rights was hardly assured in these years.


To get better results in the teaching of actions in physical training, certain sports rules must be followed when the teachers choose ways to the psychology in the methods to correct the mistakes by using the sports perception,sport presentation, action concepts and languages in different phases in students' skill learning.Some commonly used approaches in correcting mistakes are also explained from the psychological point of view.


The transcription of music sources requires new ways of interacting with musical documents. Assuming that automatic technologies will never guarantee a perfect transcription, our intention is to develop an interactive system in which user and software collaborate to complete the task. Since the use of traditional software for score edition might be tedious, our work studies the interaction by means of electronic pen (e-pen). In our framework, users trace symbols using an e-pen over a digital surface, which provides both the underlying image (offline data) and the drawing made (online data). Using both sources, the system is capable of reaching an error below 4% when recognizing the symbols with a Convolutional Neural Network


Background: The prevalence of Escherichia coli strains producing extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) has increased both in the community and in healthcare settings. Furthermore, recent studies in nursing homes and long-term care facilities have shown that these institutions can act as potential reservoirs of ESBL- and CTX-M–producing E. coli. Consequently, we aimed to characterize ESBLs produced by E. coli isolates causing hospital-onset, long-term care facility and community infections throughout Croatia (Europe), as well as to compare antimicrobial sensitivity patterns, molecular specificities, plasmid types and epidemiological features. Methods: From a total pool of 16,333 E. coli isolates, 164 ESBL-producing strains with reduced susceptibility to third-generation cephalosporins were used for further appraisal. Phenotypic tests for the detection of ESBLs and plasmid-mediated AmpC β-lactamases were initially pursued (including a novel version of modified CIM test named cephalosporin inactivation method), followed by conjugation experiments, molecular detection of resistance genes, plasmid extraction with PCR-based replicon typing, serotyping, genotyping with pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, and whole-genome sequencing (WGS). Results: The isolates in this study exhibited a high level of resistance to expanded-spectrum cephalosporins and carried CTX-M or TEM β-lactamases, and all of them were classified as multidrug-resistant due to their resistance pattern to other antimicrobial drugs. The β-lactamase content did not differ among isolated E. coli strains from various sources (ie, hospitals, nursing homes, and the community). According to the genotyping results, the isolates were allocated into 8 clusters, which contained subclusters. Serotyping results revealed that O25 antigen was the dominant one; furthermore, isolates subjected to WGS belonged to the ST131 sequence type. The most pervasive plasmid types in the isolates from the country's capital (Zagreb) were IncFII and FIA, whereas FIA alone was a dominant plasmid type in the southern part of the country. Conversely, eastern parts were characterized by plasmids belonging to IncB/O and IncW groups. Conclusions: Our study demonstrated the dissemination of group 1 CTX-M–positive E. coli not only in different geographic regions of Croatia but also in different arms of the healthcare system (ie, hospitals, nursing homes, and the community). Our results also confirmed the switch from previously pervasive SHV-2 and SHV-5 ESBLs to the nationwide predominance of group 1 CTX-M β-lactamases; however, regional distribution was associated with different plasmid types carrying blaCTX-M genes. These types of nationwide studies are indispensable for informing global decision making that addresses the issue of antimicrobial resistance. Funding: None Disclosures: None


The ice stadium gives an using of sport to town-dwellers. Many times they even don't know how dangerously can be with their favorites activity. In my work's gonna be indentificate a potential wiles and hazards and make a solution how to eliminate it. Finally, I describe now day's statement of resolution and then I add my own conclusion and ratings.


Advances in science and technology, especially in bioprospecting and biomimetics, have provided solutions to everyday problems over time. Through bioengineering, research and the discovery of the mechanisms present in nature for the production and functionality of adhesives, different materials and substances capable of imitating the role of their analogs in nature have been developed, which generates positive consequences in the area of the medical, textile, wood industry, among others. In this review, we present some researches and discoveries that have been made, which focus on the way in which adhesives produced by organisms found in nature are made, such as: marine organisms, plants, land organisms, insects, among others. In addition, different types of adhesives that exist and how they can be produced synthetically to be oriented to several industrial applications are mentioned, too.


Privacy protection in video images is becoming one of the research focuses in the field of remote collaborative system. In this paper, a method for face detection, tracking and privacy protection is presented. According to skin-color distribution in the color space, we developed a statistical skin-color model through interactive sample training. Using this model we convert the color image to binary image and then segment face candidate region. Then we use a facial feature matching scheme for further detection. The presence or absence of a face in each region is verified by means of mouth detector. Real time detection and tracking can be achieved by using this method in video images. In order to speed up tracking, we improve the traditional method by adding motion prediction, which works better when several disturbing objects appear simultaneously. Finally we make the tracking region blurring and transmit the frames to the remote collaborative sites to obtain the privacy protection. The level of privacy protection can be dynamically adjusted according to collaborators' requests and credibility of remote sites. The experiment results show the proposed method not only has high speed and efficiency, but also is robust to head rotation to some extent.


The article describes the deep geothermal characteristics in the Eastern District of Zhengzhou City.The deep geothermal resources can be divided into three layers.The first is the geothermal reservoir with burial depth of 320 ~ 850m which the heat reservoir lithology is the fine sand layer of Neogene and the average thickness of the thermal energy storage is 1553.m with the heat reservoir temperature 33℃,the temperature gradient 2.5 ~ 3.5 ℃/100m.The second is the burial depth of 850 ~ 1200m which the heat reservoir lithology of the Neogene is the sand,fine sand layer,the total thickness of the thermal energy storage 86 ~ 187m,thermal energy storage temperature of 45℃,temperature gradient 27.~ 3.6 ℃/100m.The third is the 1200 ~ 2000 m burial depth which the reservoir lithology is mainly Neogene fine sand,a small amount of sand,total thickness of thermal energy storage about 150m,thermal energy storage temperature of 56 ℃,temperature gradient 2.9 ℃/100m.The article also provides some advice for reasonable exploitation and protection of geothermal resources.


For many years haematologists have been well aware of drug induced diseases as a cause of morbidity and not uncommonly of death. Agranulocytosis due to amidopyrine was causing fatalities as early as the 1920s, although it was not until 1935 that Plum recognized the association. He drew an exact parallel between the increased incidence of agranulocyt.osis occurring in Denmark and the augmented sale of amidopyrine. The way in which the drug caused leucopenia was not clear. The common blood disorders following drug therapy are haemolytic anaemia, aplastic or hypoplastic anaemia, thrombocytopenia, agranulocytosis and megaloblastic anaemia. To a lesser extent there may be found rnethaemoglobinaemia, sulphhaemoglobinaemia and leukaemia or one of the lymphomas. Several hundred drugs have been implicated at some time or other in the pathogenesis of such disorders though frequently direct proof has not been forthcoming, nor has the mechanism of action been adequately displayed. There are, however, some outstanding exceptions to this rule where the complete mechanism of drug interaction with blood cell has been exposed. Interactions fall broadly into two categories, in that they may be immunological or 110nimmunological (Wintrobe, 1969; Girdwood, 1971; Worlledge, 1973; l\IcVie, 1973). Examples are given in Tables I and II. In either case the site of interaction may be in the marrow on the precursors of blood cells or directly on the cells as they circulate. Sometimes the mechanism appears to act both centrally and peripherally at the same time.


ABSTRACT Nanostructured spinel lithium manganese oxide (LiMnO) was synthesized for the first time by explosive method. The water-solubility explosive was prepared using a simple facility at room temperature. The growth of lithium manganate via combustion reaction was investigated with respect to the presence of an energetic precursor, such as the metallic nitrate and the degree of confinement of the explosive charge. The combustion products were characterized by scanning electron microscopy. Powder X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy were used to characterize the products. Lithium manganate with spherical morphology and more uniform secondary particles, with smaller primary particles of diameters from 10 to 30 nm and a variety of morphologies were found. Lithium manganate with a fine spherical morphology different from that of the normal spinel is formed after combustion wave treatment due to the very high quenching rate. It might also provide a cheap large-scale synthesis method. Explosive combustion is strongly nonequilibrium processes, generating a short duration of high pressure and high temperature. Free metal atoms are first released with the decomposition of explosives, and then theses metal and oxygen atoms are rearranged, coagulated and finally crystallized into lithium manganate during the expansion of combustion process.


Fatigue analyses of steel bridges are usually based on nominal stresses and available detail categories. Assessment of existing railway bridges often show that the theoretical service life has expired although there are no visible cracks on the bridge. This is partly because results from fatigue testing have large scatter, leading to low design values. Another explanation is that the calculation methods are simple and not very accurate and that the many conservative simplifications that are made lead to an overestimation of the actual fatigue stress range and an underestimation of fatigue strength.To carry out better assessments, the Swedish Transport Administration has studied a structural detail that consists of a gusset plate welded to a flange. This paper will present results from fatigue test of three steel beams with details corresponding to detail number 5 in table 8.4 EN 1993-1-9 [1]. Furthermore, fatigue tests and research in literature are analysed to investigate if the detail category can be elevated from detail nr. 4 by grinding a radius that is smaller than the radius that is specified in EN 1993-1-8 for detail nr 5 in table 8.4. The results have been introduced in the Swedish codes for assessment and maintenance of bridges.


Objective: To compare the resin quality at the present market in terms of exchange capacity,and provide some theoretical references to other researchers.Methods: We adopted the method of "GB8144-87" to measure 001×7 cation exchange resins for polystyrene style from home and abroad,and then compared data through analysis of variances.Result: There were some differences of exchange capacity between resins of the same type from different places,while that of resin from China was even better than that exported.Conclusion: Exchange capacity plays an important role as a technical criterion.Many factors should be taken into consideration in order to choose the best ratio of quality and price when using cation exchange resins.


The efficiency of activated carbon prepared from Az adiracta indica bark [AIC] for the adsorption of Cu ions from aqueous solutions has been studied as a function of agitation time, adsorbent dosage, initial metal ion concentration, temperature and pH of adsorbate solution. The optimal conditions for the adsorption have been arrived at and experiments were conducted to determine the Langmuir constants, Freundlich par ameters and thermodynamic parameters such as ∆G°, ∆H° and ∆S°. Desorption studies were also carried out for th e recovery of both adsorbent and the metal ions. The adsorption of Cu 2+ ions on to the surface of AIC has been confirmed by the analysis of IR spectra, XRD and SE M images before and after Cu 2+ adsorption.


Abstract. Wijayanti DP, Nadia M, Indrayanti E, Haryanti D, Bachtiar M. 2021. Short communication: Algal genotypes in White Syndrome infected coral Acropora muricata from the Karimunjawa Islands, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 23: 415-423. The physiological equilibrium of the coral holobiont may help the corals to survive under various environmental threats. The symbiont genotype is thought to play an important role in the host's susceptibility to thermal stress and coral disease incidence. We identified the Symbiodiniaceae diversity of coral Acropora muricata infected by White Syndrome (WS). Samples were collected from Cemara Kecil Island and Barakuda Beach, Kemujan Island, Karimunjawa Islands. We applied DNA barcoding of 28S nuclear ribosomal RNA gene of the healthy colonies, healthy tissue, and lesions of diseased colonies to perform their symbiont type identification. There were two different symbiont types observed from the phylogenetic analysis, which formed two clades. A clade consisting all Cemara Kecil Island samples while the other with all Barakuda Beach samples except for one. All samples harbored symbiont types from the genus Cladocopium. The members of the genus were reported to have various physiological properties which may support the host resilience when facing the disease. A robust study is needed to reveal the influence of symbiont genotypes on the occurrence of coral disease and the susceptibility of the coral host.


Objective To investigate the changes of the phenotypes and immune function of mouse FasL(mFasL) gene modified dendritic cell(DC).Methods Recombinant eukaryotic expression vector containing mFasL cDNA was transfected into DC derived from bone marrow.The surface molecular expression of mFasL gene modified DC was detected by FACS.After cocultured with mFasL gene modified DC,the proliferation of T lymphocytes was assayed by MTT,and the apoptosis of T cell was detected by FACS with Annexin V.Results FACS analysis showed that there was no change in the expression of some surface molecules such as CD80,CD86 and MHCⅡof DC after transfection with mFasL gene.After cocultured with mFasL modified DC,the proliferation of T lymphocytes decreased and apoptosis of T cell increased significantly.Conclusion After transfection with mFasL,the phenocytes of DC had no changes.DC modified by mFasL could inhibit the proliferation of T cell and induce the apoptosis of T cell.


A total synthesis of the fostriecin has been achieved in 24 steps from enyne 11. The lactone moiety was installed by a Leighton allylation and Grubbs ring-closing metathesis reaction. The highly reactive Z,Z,E-triene moiety was installed via a late-stage Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling of a remarkably stable Z-vinyl boronate. The relative and absolute stereocenters of the C-8,9,11 triol were generated with a regio- and stereoselective asymmetric hydration/oxidation sequence.


Let {X i,i≥1} be a independent r.v.s with E(X i)=0,D(X i)=σ 2 i∞,S n= n i=1X i,B n= n i=1σ 2 i, and the remainder of the central limit theorem is Δn=O((Ψ(B n)) -1), where Ψ(x) is a nondecrease positive function defined on [a,+∞),a0,∫ +∞ a[SX(]dxxΨ(x)∞, then limS n2B nlnlnB n=1,a.s.As a application, it was given that if lim infB nn0,lim sup1n n i=1E(X 2 iΨ 1(|X i|)∞, where Ψ 1(x) is as same as Ψ(x), but is defined on [0,+∞), then, [WTBZ] limS n2B nlnlnB n=1,a.s.


Riccati transformation is used to consider third nonlinear difference equation of the form
△[an△(bn△(xn - qn-r))] + qnf(xn-σ) = 0, (1)
a new suffisanle criterion for oscillation behavior of all solutions of (1) is obtained and an example is given to explain the use of this criterion.


From the Publisher:
Concentrates on telecom management objectives, style and technique, with an emphasis on a thorough understanding of technology and how it can be used to best serve business. Gives a framework for management of telecommunications technology for maximum business benefit. Describes the most important aspects of the technologies available to companies, explaining how to match these against critical business communications requirements and realize the benefits while simultaneously minimizing costs.


In this work, we report data for the growth kinetics of locally confined dislocation loops organized within lines of controlled dimension and periodicity. The dislocation loop lines were formed in the crystalline substrate after local Si implantation and annealing in predefined areas. The distance between the lines ranges between 0.2 νm to 5 μm. It is shown that the kinetics of the DLs depends on the distance between them. When the distance is less than 1 μm, the DLs behave in a similar fashion like those grown in a continuous layer, under inert and oxidizing conditions. However, when the distance between the lines is increased (eg. 5 μm), the behavior of the loops is changed. Fast dissolution of the dislocations loops is observed during annealing in inert ambient, due to enhanced interstitial losses, while under oxidizing conditions the loops grow faster.


This paper describes our project to support translation of streaming texts on social networks, in particular Twitter. Since machine translation of this type of content is still almost unusable, we rely on volunteers to provide and score the translations. The translations will serve as a testbed and development data for our MT systems tuned for this domain. The project thus serves multiple purposes: From the users' point of view, we would like to provide a smooth access to timely information in foreign languages. From our translators' point of view, we want to provide them with interesting content and material to improve their language skills. Finally, we admit that our project is still primarily a research exercise: As MT researchers, we are interested in learning to handle the specific challenges that this type of content brings. We hope to acquire an interesting collection of data for MT development and to gradually improve our MT processing pipeline for this type of text.


Music therapy (MT) is a widely used non-pharmacological intervention in pediatric health care, an integral part of pediatric palliative care (PPC). Yet, there is a lack of evidence of efficacy, and best practices are not well established. The nature and extent of physiologic impacts of MT in PPC have not previously been reported. This study explores how MT contributes to psycho-physiological changes in children receiving palliative care. We used a convergent mixed-methods feasibility study with a pre–post design. MT sessions were delivered to children (0–18 years), who were registered with a statewide Pediatric Palliative Care Service. Pre–post measures of pain and heart rate were collected using validated and objective measures and analyzed using mixed-model analysis. Analysis of 36 MT sessions demonstrated a statistically significant reduction in pain scores and heart rate after MT sessions. Post measures of pain measured with Face, Legs, Activity, Cry, Consolability scale (FLACC scale) scores were −1.57 (95% confidence interval [CI] −2.31 to −0.83) and by Likert pain scale −2.03 (95% CI −2.79 to −1.27). Heart rate reduced by a mean of −7.6 beats per minute (95% CI −10.74 to −3.37). Five parents participated in semi-structured interviews. Following thematic analysis, two major themes emerged: (1) MT has a positive impact on physiological symptoms and (2) MT enhances the opportunity to experience joy. Results demonstrate the feasibility of study components and may inform future research design for a larger study. This research contributes to the limited evidence about non-pharmacological interventions enhancing the quality of life for children receiving PPC.


Summary form only given. A synchrotron-based medical imaging facility has been built at the National Synchrotron Light Source. It will allow imaging of the coronary arteries using a venous instead of an arterial injection of contrast agent. Two monochromatic fan X-ray beams (at energies around the iodine K edge) are used to take sets of images. The system is described and results with five patients are presented. possible system upgrades to improve image contrast and spatial resolution and to decrease the image acquisition time have been considered.<<ETX>>


This thesis explains how extreme superheating and single bubble nucleation can be achieved in an electrolytic solution within a solid state nanopore. A highly focused ionic current, induced to flow through the pore by modest voltage biases, leads to rapid Joule heating of the electrolyte in the nanopore. At sufficiently high current densities, temperatures near the thermodynamic limit of superheat are achieved, ultimately leading to nucleation of a vapor bubble within the nanopore. A mathematical model for Joule heating of an electrolytic solution within a nanopore is presented. This model couples the electrical and thermal dynamics responsible for rapid and extreme superheating of the electrolyte within the nanopore. The model is implemented numerically with a finite element calculation, yielding a time and spatially resolved temperature distribution in the nanopore region. Temperatures near the thermodynamic limit of superheat are predicted to be attained just before the explosive nucleation of a vapor bubble is observed experimentally. Knowledge of this temperature distribution is used to evaluate related phenomena including bubble nucleation kinetics, relaxation oscillation, and bubble dynamics. In particular, bubble nucleation is shown to be homogeneous and highly reproducible. These results are consistent with experimental data available from electronic and optical measurements of Joule heating and bubble nucleation in a nanopore.


The combination of zone refining and electrotransport techniques is considered with the aim of obtaining an improved method for the growth and ultrapurification of metallic crystals. A complete ultrahigh vacuum crystal growth system using induction heated vertical float zoning with up to 400 A of electrotransport current simultaneously passing through the molten zone has been developed. Preliminary tests on nickel show that the two techniques are indeed compatible and the purification process is substantially enhanced by their combination.