Technological convergence in the electronics industry has enabled disparate new functionalities to be added to existing basic products. Although the main drivers of technological convergence have been examined by the technological change literature, the impact of technological convergence on firms' product portfolio strategies remains a largely unexplored issue. Drawing on the technological change and information‐based imitation literatures, we develop hypotheses on how the introduction in the market of technologies from other product categories affects the way firms modify their product portfolio vis‐a‐vis the market leader. Data on nearly 300 imitation strategies at the product portfolio level, which cover over 3,500 handset models introduced by 55 mobile phone vendors from 1994 to 2010, show that the relationship between the level of technological convergence in a product category and the firms' level of imitation of the market leader product portfolio strategy is U‐shaped. Data also show that the firm's prior experience plays an important role in moderating this curvilinear relationship.


Based on the research on 3-D hidden sediment particles and by adopting the parameters of hidden degree and bed gradient,the formula of the incipient velocity is deduced and the incipient characteristics of non-uniform sediment are proved.A series of concepts,such as 'completely hidden','extreme jump','pseudo completely hidden','critical exposure',etc.,are proposed,and the corresponding mathematical expressions are deduced.Finally,the reason for the scattering of data in Shields diagram is proposed,the numerical relations between the hidden degree and incipient motion conditions are established,and some discussions are introduced.


The principles of Saenger and Parkes on the analysis of word spacing in Insular manuscripts are here applied to the Irish ogam corpus. Differences in the adoption of aerated text between that corpus and the Anglo-Saxon epigraphic corpus are examined and the reasons for these differences are explored. Finally, the dating of the adoption of aerated text in both Insular manuscripts and the ogam corpus is compared.


The number of young children who demonstrate chronic problem behaviors placing them at high risk for the future development of emotional and behavioral disorders is increasing. These children's problem behaviors often exist prior to entering school and become apparent as they interact with their parents at home. In fact, researchers have suggested that children who demonstrate chronic problem behaviors and their parents often end up developing well-established negative interaction patterns that can evolve into coercive relationships and persist upon entry into school. This article describes an ecological classroom-based approach, which emphasizes changing teacher--student interaction patterns as a means for preventing and possibly ameliorating coercive interaction patterns demonstrated by young children and their teachers. First, a brief overview of current service delivery models and intervention programs addressing young children's behavioral excesses is presented. Next, a description of the ecological classroom-based intervention model for addressing the behavioral needs of these children is described. This section includes the theoretical frameworks on which the model is based and an overview of model components. Additionally, the application of the model to a school-wide systems approach is explored. Finally, future research directions are discussed. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.


The cytotoxic drimane derivatives cinnamodial (1), capsicodendrin (2), a partially characterized tetramer of 1, and cinnamosmolide (3) were obtained from Capsicodendron dinisii (Canellaceae). A new compound, 6 beta-acetoxyisodrimenin (4) and ugandensolide (5) and futronolide (6) were also isolated, but were not cytotoxic.


The author of the present article, a dotsent at the Moscow Historical Archive Institute, expresses his gratitude to Vladimir Vladimirovich Trubetskoi for making available materials from the Trubetskoi family archives.


The invention discloses a dendrobium stem health-care oral liquid capable of nourishing the stomach. The oral liquid comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: dendrobium stem 6-15, codonopsis pilosula 30-40, radix astragali 30-40, atractylodes macrocephala 10-20, dwarf lilyturf 8-20, coastal glehnia root 8-20, and hawthorn 8-20. The raw materials of the oral liquid have wide resources and easily available and can be prepared into medicines in a simple and easy way, with good therapy effect. The oral liquid is a new formula which is obtained by improving some commonly-used and classical formulas for nourishing the stomach and has the effects of strengthening?the spleen?and?nourishing?qi, nourishing the stomach and yin, enhancing the body immunity and the gastric bowel peristalsis, enriching qi and reinforcing yin, nourishing the heart and tonifying the?lung, and invigorating?the spleen?and?promoting?digestion. The principles of cold-heat complication and tonification?and purgation in combination which are also used by many doctors?in generations, are combined with long-term clinical practice to obtain the formula which can strengthen?the spleen, nourish the stomach, invigorate spleen-stomach and replenish qi and has obvious therapeutic effect on improving abdominal distension and promoting the repair of the damaged mucosa, and has the double actions of therapy and conditioning.


In this article,a scheme is proposed which can teleport a three-particle entangled GHZ state.Taking three two-particle maximally entangled states as quantum channels,so the teleportation of three-particle entangled GHZ state can be realized.


The aim of this study was to analyze the structure and seasonal and spatial variability of the Dom Helvécio Lake phytoplankton, a warm monomitic lake belonging to the lacustrine system of Rio Doce Valley, Minas Gerais State. In as much as four field trips were accomplished in eleven sampling stations for collecting phytoplanktonic material and for the following physical and chemical variables: pH, electric conductivity, temperature, dissolved oxygen, nitrite, nitrate, ammonium, total nitrogen, ortophosphate, total dissolved phosphorus, total phosphorus, ortossilicate, organic and inorganic suspended matter. Also TN/TP ratio, trophic state index, specific richness, equitability, dominance and the diversity of phytoplanktonic community were estimated. It was verified through quantitative analyses that phytoplankton was composed by 124 taxa, belonging, in majority, to the taxonomic groups Chlorophyceae, Conjugatophyceae and Cyanophyceae. Higher total densities occurred during stratification period, and were coincident with diversity indexes reduction. The Conjugatophyceae and Cyanophyceae classes showed higher relative abundance during stability period and the Chlorophyceae class during circulation period. The results indicated that the main forcing function in relation to phytoplankton was constituted by the climatic factors which determines periods of water column stratification and circulation. The Lake Dom Helvécio was classified as oligotrophic, considering species composition, population densities, and diversity of the phytoplanktonic community.


Spatial structure of Calluna vulgaris populations was investigated at various scales using autocorrelation statistical techniques. Intrapopulation structure has been studied by recording the genotypes at four polymorphic loci of 41 individual plants of Calluna vulgaris within a grid of 16 x 60 m, from the site of Sacrawe (High Ardenne, Belgium). The spatial correlograms gave no significant results of autocorrelation of genotypes within the grid. It is therefore concluded that at this scale there is panmictic mixing of genotypes. A short review of other similar studies show that patterns vary greatly between species. Interpopulation analyses were carried out by recording the allele frequencies of 18 populations from North Spain to Belgium in relation to their geographic position. This revealed different patterns for the different alleles studied including dines of frequencies, autocorrelation at regional scale or no detectable trends. It is concluded that autocorrelation usefully supplement other statistical methods, such a Wright's F-ST by giving information on the scales and processes involved in intra- and inter-population spatial structuring.


BackgroundMore and more companies choose to use facebook as a channel for marketing since it is a cheap alternative for other types of marketing. Furthermore, it is an easy way to reach the right target since the ads are aimed.PurposeThe ambition with this study is to figure out whether facebook really is the right forum for all kinds of brands. The main purpose of this thesis reads: How do young facebook users view companies that put ads on facebook?TheoryThe study is based on logical positivism. I also support the thesis on basic marketing theories, surveillance studies and theories on how to build a brand with credibility.MethodThe result of the study is based on a survey with 88 respondents.ResultsFrom the study it can be read that some branches, such as medical care, were not believed to belong on facebook. This is because facebook was not considered a trustworthy medium enough to be connected with this kind of brands in a pleasant manner.


The present study aims to explore and document the plants having the crude medicinal properties to cure various kinds of skin problems by traditional methods of the Paite tribe of Manipur, India. The study was carried out in and around the villages where they resided therein. Most of the Paite population is confined to Churachandpur district of Manipur. From the present study thirty two (32) plant species belonging to 25 families with 29 genera were found to be recorded and especially found to be used in various dermatological healthcare problems which include eczema, scabies, ringworm, leprosy, leucoderma, boils, pimples, black spots, burns, cuts and wounds, etc.


The risk of Burkitt lymphoma (BL) is increased in HIV-infected patients as compared to general population in Europe and in the US. This effect might be due to immune suppression and low CD4-cell counts associated with the development of AIDS. However, there is also evidence of a direct effect of HIV on B cell proliferation and differentiation, which may account for the development of B cell malignancies. We shall discuss possible mechanisms of implication of HIV in BL with a focus on the role of different viral components (Tat, Nef and gp120 proteins, viral envelope) in the c-myc/IgH translocation characteristic of BL.


The transmission systemtopologies during power systemrestoration are quitedifferent fromthewellintegrated systemduringnormaloperation. Duetotheparallel resonance resulting fromthecombination ofthesystemimpedance andthe transmission line capacitance, harmonic distortions caused bythe switching of lightly loadedor unloadedtransformers are amplified, creating highharmonic overvoltages whichmay cause catastrophic equipment damagesandactivation ofprotective devices. Throughdetailed analysis on thecause ofharmonic overvoltages, this paper focuses on control ofthetransformer inrushcurrentand improvement ofthesystemfrequency response characteristics. Sensitivity analysis was performed in orderto findthemostefficient remedial actions. Wavelet analysis was employed toanalyze thetransformer inrush current inboththetimeandfrequency domainstoobtain thesignal information ineachfrequency band.Thetendency ofthevoltage waveform was predicted based on theenergyofthesignal andan algorithm was thendeveloped toterminate theelectromagnetic transient simulation ina minimumamountoftime. Themethod proposed inthispaper enables fastassessment andefficient control ofharmonicovervoltages whichcan provide guidelines forboththedevelopment ofpower systemrestoration (PSR)plan andtherealsystem restoration.


In this paper we present a novel framework to model a dynamic hand gesture by k-dimensional vector that incorporates both the hand shape as well as the trajectory information. We introduce the notion of 'distance' between dynamic gestures to help choose a proper set of gestures for the gesture vocabulary. We also utilise inter-gesture distances for gesture recognition. We show encouraging results on a representative set of gestures selected according to the above criteria.


Behavior analysts have made important contributions to education, recently increasing contributions to teaching mathematical behaviors. This study aimed to investigate if the formation of equivalence relations among different forms of presentation of arithmetic problems improves problem solving perfor


Fragrance is a class of material commonly used in many consumer products such as food and tobacco. Since most of the fragrance is highly volatile, the successful use of fragrance in practical application requires effective preservation of fragrance with appropriate substrate material. As a low cost and versatile material, polymer holds great promise as a fragrance carrier. In this review, we summarize representative polymer carriers developed recently for sustained and controlled release of fragrance, which include natural polymers and novel synthetic polymers. The results summarized in this mini-review would shed light on the future design of advanced fragrance carrier for various applications.


Objectives/Goals The objective of this project is to develop a fully integrated microfluidic device that can be used to automatically separate human blood cells and perform cell morphology studies on a chip. Methods/Materials The device was designed based on acoustic microstreaming and hydrodynamic separation principles to separate Red Blood Cells from White Blood Cells. The device was fabricated using soft lithography technology and consists of PDMS microchannels with widths of 10~30 μm. It also consists of pockets that are used to store air bubbles to generate acoustic microstreaming under an acoustic field created by a PZT disk. This device was tested with human blood samples. Results It was discovered that acoustic microstreaming not only served as a micropump to move fluids, but also as a method to achieve highly efficient blood cell separation (89% rate) similar to that of conventional centrifugation techniques. At higher frequencies (12kHz), acoustic microstreaming served as a micropump to move the blood solution at a flow velocity of 0.25 mm/sec. However, at lower frequencies (11kHz), the swirling fluidic vortices generated by acoustic microstreaming created a spinning effect, similar to conventional centrifugation. By utilizing different physical properties of blood cells in addition to the effects of acoustic microstreaming and hydrodynamic channels, I was able to successfully separate RBCs from WBCs based on their size difference, mass, and inertia and perform a blood cell morphology analysis to identify various blood cells including RBCs (e.g., sickle cells), and WBCs (lymphocytes, neutrophils, eosinophil). Conclusions/Discussion An integrated microfluidic device has been successfully developed to separate blood cells and to perform blood morphology analysis. Three onchip cell separation techniques (hydrodynamic, particle retention filter, and acoustic microstreaming) were investigated. While all achieved good cell separation, the former two suffered from a cell clogging issue. However, acoustic microstreaming showed superior advantages over the other techniques: 1) no cell clogging issues; 2) no moving parts; 3) simplicity; 4) easy to integrate and fabricate; 5) low cost; 6) high WBC separation efficiency. It is the first time this concept of MicroCentrifugation based on acoustic microstreaming has been demonstrated for blood separation and analysis.


As companies have repeatedly downsized it should not come as a surprise that concern about job security has grown, particularly in organisations where problem solving and improvement groups operate. The feeling that by helping to improve productivity and efficiency employees are cutting their own throats is beginning to emerge quite strongly. We have to find ways to counteract these feelings through redeployment, retraining and, where appropriate, through security agreements of the type recently pioneered by United Distillers and Blue Circle. (3 pages)


Since the stroke is the second leading cause of death around the world, this paper presents a computational model to facilitate studying the behavior of blood flow in a stenosed carotid artery using the finite element analysis (FEA). A 3D carotid artery models were studied: normal and stenosed carotid artery. Blood is assumed to be non-Newtonian and incompressible fluid. The physiological properties of blood are changed to demonstrate the difference between blood flow in blood diseases like diabetes and anemia. Expressions for wall shear stress, velocity have been obtained. The results show that the wall shear stress values were up to 22% near to stenosis, especially in high viscosity blood. The disturbed flow patterns and oscillating velocity indicate that the vulnerability of plaque formation is high in such places.


In May, 1990, the reknowned Czech author Bohumil Hrabal (1914-1997) visited the Department of Slavonic Languages and Literatures at the University of Glasgow. Jan Culik was present and later took Hrabal for a trip by car to Loch Katrine. On his return to Czechoslovakia, Bohumil Hrabal wrote an experimental text about this which was published in his volume Dopisy Dubence (Letters to April). In this contribution, Jan Culik compares the image of Hrabal's visit to Glasgow and to Scotland as it is featured in his literary text to what happened in reality.


Networking has a variety of meanings, but is essentially about building relationships in order to exchange information and provide mutual support to aid decision-making, and create lasting customers, partners and alliances. This text examines the dynamics of the environment in which networking plays a crucial role, and discusses the different types of network available, together with case studies and interviews with networking personalities. The book also reviews the changing professional and corporate environment of the UK, Europe, USA and the global environment.


The notion of computational resiliency refers to the ability of a distributed application to tolerate intrusion when under information warfare (IW) attack. It is one of several new technologies under development by the U.S. Air Force that aim to harden the battlefield information structure from an IW perspective. These technologies seek to strengthen a military mission, rather than protect its network infrastructure using static defensive measures such as network security, intrusion sensors, and firewalls. Even if an IW attack is never detected, it should be possible to continue information operations and achieve mission objectives. Computational resiliency involves the dynamic use of replication, guided by mission policy, to achieve intrusion tolerance. However, it goes further to dynamically regenerate replication in response to an IW attack, allowing the level of system assurance to be maintained. Replicated structures are protected through several techniques such as camouflage, dispersion, and layered security policy. This paper describes a prototype concurrent programming technology that we have developed to support computational resiliency. Brief outlines describe how the library has been applied to prototypical applications.


At present,a lot of colleges and Universities are innovating to promote their images,but they ignore the construction of college counselors.Therefore,it is difficult to satisfy the students' ideological and political education.Problems still exist,especially for the professionalized college counselors.In view of the problems,this paper illustrates some problems with the construction of the professional college counselors and put forward some solutions.


Context Serotonin plays a potential role in bone metabolism, but the nature and extent of this relationship is unclear and human studies directly addressing the skeletal effect of circulating serotonin are rare. Objective The study aimed to investigate the associations between serum serotonin and bone traits at multiple skeletal sites in women and men. Subjects and Methods Subjects were part of the CALEX-family study and comprised 235 young women, 121 premenopausal women, 124 postmenopausal women, and 168 men. Body composition was assessed using DXA, as was areal bone mineral density (aBMD) of spine, femur and whole body. In addition, pQCT was used to determine bone properties at tibial midshaft and distal radius. Fasting serum serotonin concentration was assessed using a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results Serum serotonin declined with advancing age both in females and males (all p<0.01). Serotonin was negatively correlated with weight, BMI, lean and fat mass in women (r = −0.22 to −0.39, all p<0.001), but positively with height and lean mass in men (all p<0.01). In the premenopausal women, serotonin was negatively correlated with lumbar spine aBMD (r = −0.23, p<0.05) but the statistical significance disappeared after adjustment for weight. Conversely, in postmenopausal women, serotonin was positively correlated with whole body and femur aBMD, as well as with distal radius bone mineral content and volumetric BMD (r = 0.20 to 0.30, all p<0.05), and these associations remained significant after adjustment for weight. In men, no significant associations were found between serotonin and bone traits. Conclusion Serum serotonin is positively associated with bone traits in postmenopausal women, but not in premenopausal women or men. This partially supports the idea of circulating serotonin playing a role in the regulation of bone metabolism, but also indicates the importance of gender and age specific factors.


With scientific, historical, artistic and social considerations - including numerous quotations - Dion's two essays focus on birds as perceived by humans, symbolically and in everyday life. The artist also provides insight into his own work (the bird illustrations are from a series of Cibachromes produced by Dion in 1998) as well as that of French photographer Jean-Luc Mylayne, to whom the second essay is dedicated. 13 bibl. ref.


This paper studies the metal transfer phenomenon of Nd: YAG laser-pulsed MAG hybrid welding.High-speed video camera has been used to record droplet formation,growth and shedding process,observation and analysis for the effect of laser on the droplet transfer of arc welding can be conducted.The results show that the laser changes the droplet flight path,the transition stability and metal transfer mode.A mechanical model established to analysis how laser join influence the force on the droplet in pulsed MAG welding.Analysis showed that when hybrid with laser,the pulse MAG droplet is also subject to additional role of two forces,one is an anti-thrust force produced by the high-speed metal vapor eruption from keyhole acted on the droplet,the other is an anti-thrust force produced by the radiation of laser and laser-induced plasma let the surface of the droplet high-speed evaporation and reverse thrust.When the distance between laser and arc less than 2 mm,these two forces will hinder the droplet,and the electromagnetic force bias direction to laser keyhole.The metal transfer stability Nd: YAG laser-pulsed MAG hybrid welding affected by such as light DLA,laser power and defocus.


In the General Position Subset Selection (GPSS) problem, the goal is to find the largest possible subset of a set of points, such that no three of its members are collinear. If $s_{\textrm{GPSS}}$ is the size the optimal solution, $\sqrt{s_{\textrm{GPSS}}}$ is the current best guarantee for the size of the solution obtained using a polynomial time algorithm. In this paper we present an algorithm for GPSS to improve this bound based on the number of collinear pairs of points.


1 The Patriots of Horticulture: An Introduction 2 The Translation of Antiquity: Pliny and Virgil 3 A Grove of Venerable Oaks: John Evelyn and his Contemporaries 4 Things of a Natural Kind: Shaftesbury and the Concept of Nature 5: Rural and Extensive Landscape: Switzer and Ingentia Rura 6 Evergreens and American Plants: The Earl of Islay at Whitton and The Duke of Richmond at Goodwood 7 Painting with Living Pencils: Lord Petre 8 The Practical Part of Gardening: Botanists, Gardeners and Designers 9 Gardeners: Forest Trees for Use and Ornament 10 Nature's Still Improv'd But Never Lost: Philip Southcote and Woburn Farm 11 Prospects and the Natural Beauties of Places: Joseph Spence 12 Smoothing or Brushing the Robe of Nature: William Shenstone and The Leasowes 13 None but Real Professors: A Conclusion.


Is UK business prepared for the new‐style EEC in 1992? The rewards are tempting but must not be taken for granted. Our all‐too‐insular image must be transformed, we must go to the Continent, rather than they to us, as hitherto, and our efforts to learn their languages need greater application if we are to compete on equal terms. This gauntlet is thrown down in a recent ministerial speech.


Background: Maternal mortality is a health problem that has not been resolved until now. Based on data from January-September 2020 from the Public Health Center of Panti District, most pregnant women with high risk are those who have a risk of preeclampsia. Pregnant women have an important role and personal autonomy in decision-making during the process of pregnancy. Objective: To analyze the autonomy of high-risk pregnant women to prevent complications during childbirth. Methods: Qualitative research with a case study approach. Determination of the main informants using a purposive technique consisted of five pregnant women at risk of preeclampsia who were under 20 years old and above 35 years old. Data collection using in-depth interview guide and documentation. Data analysis using inductive thematic analysis. Results: intentions, affordability of information, situations in preparing blood donors, and maternity funds can form the negative autonomy of high-risk pregnant women in decision-making. Husband's social support can form positive autonomy of high-risk pregnant women in decision making. High-risk pregnant women have negative autonomy in choosing a place for maternity care to practice as a midwife even though they have been advised to carry out routine checks at the primary healthcare. High-risk pregnant women have negative autonomy in choosing the place of delivery by not changing their choice and making the primary healthcare or hospital the second and last choice. Conclusion: The autonomy of high-risk pregnant women has formed a negative autonomy in making decisions about childbirth planning and preventing complications.


This paper is an exploration of the role the night sky plays in the lives of the Dark Sky Island community of Sark in the Channel Islands, using the qualitative method of intuitive inquiry. The fields of ecopsychology and environmental psychology consider how encounters with nature may be beneficial and transformative, but focus on "green"/grounded nature rather than encounters with the sky, while Dark Sky supporters claim dark skies enhance wellbeing but do not cite any supporting research. This paper explores the following themes: the human desire to see the night sky, the commercialisation of this desire through astronomical tourism, the nature of nature, fear of the dark, and nature and wellbeing. Data was gathered in March 2014 through a series of eight semi-structured interviews and a focus group on Sark, and email comments from three further participants. In addition, relevant entries from the researcher's reflexive journal kept during the research process are included. Research findings show a high level of enjoyment and value placed on observing the night sky with others and that this facilitates family/community connections and the transmission of sky stories to others; at the same time, findings reveal the widespread belief that observing the night sky spontaneously or intentionally results in positive (and sometimes transformative) feelings, a common experience of the night sky evoking childhood sky memories, a universal fearlessness of the dark, and a sense that as there is often no visible horizon – that there is no differentiation between sky and land and that sky and land appear as one. The paper therefore begins to address the missing sky factor within the fields of ecopsychology, health psychology and environmental psychology. The findings can potentially be used to strengthen the Dark Skies movement's claims that dark night skies can impact positively on wellbeing.


In this paper, we explore an impact of GPU/CPU scaling of a state-of-the-art AI embedded device on its energy consumption and AI performance. We use Nvidia Jetson TX2 as an experiment device thanks to its tractability to scale GPU/CPU and modify AI framework and libraries. Via extensive experiment in various ML (Machine Learning) scenarios, i.e., face recognition and objective detection, we demonstrate a clear tradeoff between GPU/CPU scaling, energy consumption (of GPU/CPU as well as entire device) and training/inference speed. Finally, we envision a future work aiming to optimize processing and networking resources simultaneously at an extended scenario that multiple AI embedded devices cooperate with each other for a common AI application.


The question "what sounds can I do with a joystick and a tablet?" will make us a tour in the domain of "gesture controlled audio systems". First a philosophy of the soundgesture relationship will be evoked through the metaphors it can bring. Then the burden of linking peripherals to programs will be under the spot of "the art of digital lutherie". Finally four applications, derived from other of our home-made digital music instruments will summarize the demo we will provide.


Abstract : This paper presents the time transfer results obtained from the combination of GPS data and TWSTFT data. Two different methods are used for the combination: a first one (named CV+TW) is based on a least-squares analysis of GPS code and carrier-phase measurements in common view, constrained by TWSTFT data. Using the Vondrak-Cepek algorithm, the second approach (named PPP+TW) combines the TWSTFT time transfer data with the GPS clock solutions computed with Precise Point Positioning. Combining GPS and TWSTFT considerably increases the robustness of the accurate time transfer result due to the complete independence between the two spatial techniques. Both combination methods provide a time transfer solution which benefits from the high short-term stability and high resolution of the GPS data and the high accuracy of the TWSTFT data. The PPP+TW solution is continuous, while some discontinuities exist in the solution CV+TW, due to the noise and diurnal perturbation in the TW data. In general, the solutions obtained with both methods agree well with each other. The r.m.s. of the differences between the results remains below 300 picoseconds for the links investigated.


It is difficult to assess quality of people's ideas as the population of the critical nature of population by using traditional methods.Based on a comprehensive evaluation model in fuzzy mathematics,this paper attempts to measure the quality of the ideas of individual farmers,calculate the scores in investigating the quality of the ideas of individual farmers and explain the importance in economics research.


ABSTRACT The aim of this investigation was to assess the prevalence and correlates of psychological distress among adolescents Afghanistan. Cross-sectional 2014 'Global School-based Health Survey (GSHS)' data included 2579 students that were representative of all students in Grades 7 to 11 in Afghanistan. The prevalence of single psychological distress was 28.4% and multiple psychological distress 27.7%. In adjusted multinomial logistic regression analysis, being female, ever cannabis and/or amphetamine use, bullying victimization and injury were associated with both single and multiple psychological distress. In addition, in unadjusted analysis, the experience of hunger, current tobacco use, secondary smoke, having been attacked, and truancy were positively and attending physical education classes was negatively associated with single and/or multiple psychological distress. High prevalence of psychological distress was observed and several risk factors identified that can facilitate intervention strategies.


improvement in your symptoms with surgery. Your doctor counsels you that refusing surgery will likely result in a persistent finger numbness and hand weakness which may not be reversible.


Travel time information is a vital component of many intelligent transportation systems (ITS) applications. In recent years, the number of passengers travels in train & number of trains in India has increased tremendously. Due to the increase in number of trains the train times may be delayed and the passengers have to wait at railway stations. A desirable strategy to deal with such issues is to provide better service (comfort, convenience and so on) the notification of location of time through GSM. One such application provides accurate information about train arrivals to passengers, leading to reduced waiting times at railway stations. This needs a real-time data collection technique, a quick and reliable data and informing the passengers regarding the same. The scope of this proposed system is to use global positioning system data collected from trains in the city in India, to show the location. The system consists of three modules: Vehicle section Module, BASE Station section Module, User mobile section Module. Equipped with PC and GSM modem, BASE Station Module sends the initialization information containing the train number to Vehicle section Module using SMS. The microcontroller based vehicle section Module consisting mainly of a GPS receiver and GSM modem then starts transmitting its location to BASE Station Module. BASE Station Module equipped with a microcontroller unit and GSM modems interfaced to PCs is designed to keep track record of every train, processes user request about a particular train location out of BASE Station and updates trains location at stations. GPS Module is installed at every station and consists of a GSM modem, memory unit and dot matrix display all interfaced to a microcontroller. This module receives trains location information coming towards that station from BASE Station module and displays the information on a dot matrix display. The performance of the proposed system is found to be promising and expected to be valuable in the development of advanced public transportation systems (APTS) in India. The work presented here is one of the first attempts at real-time short-term prediction of arrival time for ITS applications in India. KeywordsGPS;GSM; Intelligent transportation systems; Base Station Module; Vehicle section Module; User mobile section Module; rush statistical analysis


w 3 x This paper examines the relationship between endogenous dopamine DA levels and the density of H SCH23390-binding sites in the brain of the adult worker honey bee. DA levels were reduced pharmacologically using a single 10 ml injection of either a-methyl-DL-p- . . tyrosine AMT; 250 mg or 500 m go ra-methyl-DL-tryptophan AMTP; 250 or 500 mg into the haemolymph of the bee. In all cases, . maximum depletion of DA was observed 3 h after treatment, but in bees treated with AMTP 250 or 500 mg or with 250 mg AMT, DA levels returned to normal within 24 h of treatment. Neither AMT nor AMTP was selective for DA: both drugs also reduced serotonin .5-hydroxytryptamine, 5HT levels in the brain. However, AMTP was more effective than AMT at depleting 5HT, whereas for DA, the reverse was true. Depletion of DA levels, using 250 mg AMT, led to a dramatic decline in the levels of specific binding of w 3 x y6 . w x. H SCH23390, defined in this study as binding in the presence of 5= 10 M cis- Z -flupentixol see Ref. 28 . In contrast, naturally occurring diel fluctuations in DA levels, identified in the optic lobes of the brain, and changes in brain DA levels resulting from w 3 x queenlessness, had no significant effect on the density of H SCH23390-binding sites in the brain of the bee. Overall, these results indicate that under normal physiological conditions, there is no direct link in honey bees between changes in endogenous brain DA levels


This article examines the controversy between Isaac Newton and Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz concerning the priority in the invention of the calculus. The dispute began in 1708, when John Keill accused Leibniz of having plagiarized Newton's method of fluxions. It will be shown that the mathematicians participating in the controversy in the period between 1708 and 1730—most notably Newton, Leibniz, Keill, and Johann Bernoulli—held different conceptions of mathematical method. The dispute began in a political climate agitated by the Hanoverian succession and was intertwined with tensions dividing the Royal Court. It developed into a discussion of technical issues concerning the relation between mathematics and natural philosophy and the methods of the integral calculus.


The surface albedo plays an important role in the exchanges of energy and mass in the planetary boundary layer. Therefore, changes in albedo affect the balance of radiation and energy at the surface, which can be detected with its monitoring. Albedo determination has been performed through various sensors, but there is not yet any publication dealing with albedo calculation procedures using OLI (Operational Land Imager) - Landsat 8 images. The objective of the study is to present the procedures for computing the albedo with OLI images and map it in irrigated areas of the Sao Goncalo Irrigated District, PB, Brazil. Images of the year 2013, path 215 and row 65, were selected. The data necessary for calculating the albedo were extracted from each image metadata: additive and multiplicative terms of radiance and reflectance, and sun elevation angle. There were large differences between the albedo values of irrigated plots, water bodies and native vegetation. The albedo obtained with OLI images provides a higher degree of differentiation of the various types of land use, due to the substantial increase in the radiometric resolution of this new sensor.


ABSTRACT With the rapid changes in the global economy and the sophistication of the customers, industrial businesses are being forced to employ more active marketing and branding strategies, strategies that will provide them with the opportunity to be faster and more flexible in responding to the changing competitive conditions in the supplier industry and to constantly changing customer needs. The purpose of this article is to introduce and differentiate ingredient branding from other branding opportunities, specifically, distinguish co-branding from ingredient branding, then, postulate InBranding as a new term for ingredient branding with special emphasis on the component producer and clarifying the supplier versus manufacture based perspectives. Brand literature on these differentiations does not exist yet and therefore this article aims to fill the gap. INTRODUCTION Ingredient Branding is an accepted marketing concept (Norris, 1992; Dover, 1997) that only recently started to thrive (Kotier and Keller, 2006; Kotler and Pfoertsch, 2006). In today's global economy, companies have to establish and maintain competitive advantage, create commercial success in the market and provide criteria to differentiate them from the competition (Bartlett, Ghoshal and Birkinshaw, 2004, Trinquecoste, 1999). Until recently the focus was directed toward tangible resources, but now we see a consideration shift toward intangible resources, such as brands (Kapferer, 2001) and customer loyalty. Companies and organizations embrace branding efforts, which can create value for both the consumer and the company. Companies want to attract and keep customers by creating and promoting value, image, lifestyle and other values important for the understanding and use of the product. Brand identity enables companies to differentiate themselves in a continuously over crowed market. The entry of new market participants drives existing manufacturers to look for new means of exploiting existing brands, a capital which has to be managed appropriately. Strategies most used to leverage the potential of brands are brand extensions and co-branding (Rooney, 1995; Vaidyanathan and Aggarwal, 2000). In the first half of the 20th century, chemical companies started to market well-known dyestuffs and synthetic as brands to buyers of the next stage in the value chain (Kemper, 1997). Since then an increasing number of firms have "considered co-branding ventures in preference to single-handedly undertaking risky and expensive brand extension, expansion or diversification plans" (Boad, 1999). Other forms for enlarging the branding effects include endorsed brands and the establishment of various forms of brand portfolios (Aaker, 2003). Early research in this area has shown both positive (Norris, 1992) and negative effects (Shocker, 1995) for the brands employing an inbranding strategy, as well as an impact on consumer product evaluations (Hillyer and Tikoo, 1995). Recent research illustrates that ingredient branding offers a potential for successful brand management and increased profits for companies along with product offerings that create added value for the customer (Havenstein, 2004; McCarthy and Norris, 1999). If the customer understands and knows the function, features and benefits of a component (ingredient), he or she will pay more attentions to this offering, and if it creates a unique product offering it can lead to loyal and profitable customer relationships (Desai and Keller, 2002). This approach surpasses the limitations and dangers of a too narrow and single-sided customer-supplier relationship (Kleinaltenkamp, 2001). The traditional Business-to-Business (B2B) brand strategy of all marketing activities is geared only to the next level of the value chain of the OEM (original equipment manufacturer). The ingredient branding approach can overcome this burden. Intel corporation, the microprocessor manufacturer demonstrated the marketing possibilities that ingredient branding could provide to both component manufacturers as well as to the manufacturers of finished goods (Dover, 1997; Baumgarth, 2001). …


FIELD: engineering of systems for generating colored stereo-images, possible use for creating stereoscopic computer monitors and television sets. SUBSTANCE: in accordance to the invention, "left" and "right" colored frames of a stereo-pair are generated, "left" and "right" colored frame of stereo-pair are distributed across two different sets of base colors Z left and Z right respectively (a set of base colors includes, at least, three spectrally independent colors), "left" and "right" colored frames of stereo-pair are displayed simultaneously with usage of sets of base colors Z left and Z right respectively ("left" frame - with usage of the set of base colors Z left , "right" frame - with usage of the set of base colors Z right ), colors of sets Z left and Z right are filtered in such a way that left eye of a spectator sees "left" frame of stereo-pair without seeing "right" frame, and right eye of the spectator sees "right" frame of stereo-pair and without seeing "left" frame. EFFECT: generation of colored stereo-image with high definition, without geometrical distortions, at maximum resolution and with broad field of view. 16 cl, 5 dwg


Machine learning is increasingly used for the analysis of flow cytometric immunophenotyping data. Many analysis pipelines leverage unsupervised approaches such as dimensionality reduction or clustering, which may lead to populations characterized differently from expert definition.
 Here we show a new, supervised algorithm for population identification that faithfully replicates the expert manual gating strategy.
 Peripheral blood samples were drawn from 41 different donors, stained with a dry, unitized B cell panel and acquired on two cytometer units. A manual gating strategy was established, and an automatic model trained on a subset of samples (n=31 donors, split into training, validation and test set) from this study. The performance of the automatic model was evaluated on the 10 unused samples.
 The automatic identification of populations with differences in median abundance (lymphocytes, CD19+ B-cells and CD19+ CD10+ cells) showed a high level of correlation and lower variability compared to manual gating. The supervised approach presented here retains the gating hierarchy, in contrast to the unsupervised clustering performed by FlowSOM, which splits cells into exclusive metaclusters, leading to metacluster assignments significantly different from expert gating.
 By automating the identification of populations, assay reproducibility can be increased by removing inter-operator variability. We show that a supervised machine learning tool that supports user-defined panels and gating strategies can reproduce expert analysis, reduce variability of flow cytometry data analysis, and can provide better fit-for-purpose compared to an unsupervised clustering approach.


A connector for electric wrench comprehensive aids is provided with a cylindrical connecting head. A pyramidal inner hole matching with a pyramidal rotation power output end of an electric wrench is arranged at one end of the connecting head. An external threaded head matching with an internal threaded hole at one end of a bit clamp is arranged at the other end of the connecting head. The external threaded head is provided with an internal threaded hole directionally opposite to an external thread. Axes of the pyramidal inner hole, the external threaded head and the internal threaded hole are collinear with an axis of the connecting head. A screw is tightened in the internal threaded hole. After the bit clamp is connected, the electric wrench can be connected with straight-rod aids such as a screwdriver, a drill bit and a tap, a main unit of the electric wrench can be used for screwing or unscrewing nuts and further screwing or unscrewing screws and drilling or taping on equipment. One electric tool can be connected with a plurality of aids, so that tool amount is reduced and operation cost is lowered.


In the early 1980's, V. Rodl proved the Erdo?s?Hanani Conjecture, sparking a remarkable sequence of developments in the theory of packing and covering in hypergraphs of bounded edge size. Generalizations were given by P. Frankl and Rodl, by N. Pippenger, and by others. In each case, an appropriatesemi-randommethod was used to "construct" the desired optimal object (covering, matching, colouring) in several random stages, followed by a greedy stage. The current work, which further generalizes some of the above results, is again probabilistic, and uses, in addition to earlier ideas, connections with so-calledhard-coredistributions on the set of matchings of a graph. For fixedk?2, H ak-bounded hypergraph, andt:H?R+a fractional cover, a sufficient condition is given to ensure that the edge cover number?(H), i.e., the size of a smallest set of edges of H with unionV(H), is asymptotically at mostt(H)=?A?Ht(A). This settles a conjecture first publicized in Visegrad, June 1991


Nomads past and present: The "Brisante Begegnungen" exhibition at Hamburg's Museum of Ethnology opens windows on a wide variety of lifestyles. This thought-provoking exhibition showcases the findings of a DFG Collaborative Research Centre.


We investigate the linear dispersion and other properties of the Darwin Direct Implicit Particle-in-cell (DADIPIC) method in order to deduce guidelines for its use in the simulation of long time-scale, kinetic phenomena in plasmas. The Darwin part of this algorithm eliminates the Courant constraint for light propagation across a grid cell in a time step and divides the field solution into several elliptic equations. The direct implicit method is only applied to the electrostatic field relieving the need to resolve plasma oscillations. Linear theory and simulations verifying the theory are used to generate the desired guidelines as well as show the utility of DADIPIC for a wide range of low frequency, electromagnetic phenomena. We find that separation of the fields has made the task of predicting algorithm behavior easier and produced a robust method without restrictive constraints.


The spent ion exchange resin generated as radioactive waste in water purifying system at nuclear power stations or related facilities of nuclear power has been stored in the site, and its volume has been increasing year by year. We had developed a full-scale system of IC plasma volume-reduction system for the spent resin, and have performed basic performance test using some samples imitating the spent resin. As the results, the imitation of the resin can be reduced in volume by more than 90% so that the processing performance in actual scale was proved to be effective. In addition, it was clarified that the residuum after volume-reduction process is easy to mix with cement, and solidity containing 30wt% residuum provides high strength of 68 MPa. Therefore, we evaluate the application of this process to stabilization of the disposal to be very effective.


In this study, we present BVR photometry of V369 Gem in 2006–2008. We combined our V data with the data taken from the literature. We analysed all of the data together, and calculated new light elements. General features of the light curves were discussed. The light curves were modelled with the Fourier method, and the Fourier coefficients were calculated. The cos (2� ) term was found to be dominant. The pre-whitened V light curves demonstrated that stellar spot activity also exists. There are generally two minima in the pre-whitened light curves. Thus, there must b)


A female klipspringer (Oreotragus oreotragus) died after being treated for pregnancy ketosis. Follicular oocytes were recovered from the ovaries postmortem. Following in vitro oocyte maturation and fertilization, a single embryo developed to the 16-cell stage after coculturing with cryopreserved/thawed klipspringer oviductal cells. This report suggests that it may be feasible to salvage gametes from small antelope after death.


By means of mathematical statistics, the paper selects large residential communities in Shang.hai as research object and analyzes the separation of workplace and residence in large residential commu.nity combining with survey data. It also uses cluster analysis method for large home residents commute time and travel mode choice statistical analysis, the result shows that the time of leaving home is generally earlier in large residential community than average time in Shanghai, besides that, residents have a very strong dependence on transit and it had a high proportion of scooters. These conclusions demonstrate that convergence between public transport facilities are not enough, sites′ distance is too long, and the lines are asymmetric, etc. At last, by comparing multiple samples, it gives out the factors influencing the separa.tion of workplace and residence in large residential community, and offers the appropriate recommenda.tions for improvement.


It is well known that the ability of a gap in vacuum to withstand high voltages is a property enhanced by conditioning with high voltage[1]. Moreover, the conditioning effect is actually produced by small spark discharges that occur while this high voltage is applied. These spark discharges, or disruptive discharges in the language of test standards, are therefore required to produce the desired conditioning effect in the vacuum interrupter. In addition, the few disruptive discharges that sometimes occur during the process of performing impulse voltage testing in a completed circuit breaker are normal. Although observing such discharges is not new to those active in vacuum technology, they have only recently become an issue in performing impulse voltage certification testing as design voltages have increased to 36 and 38 kV and as the demand for ever smaller interrupters has led to higher stressed designs. The procedure for performing impulse voltage tests must therefore allow for a few disruptive discharges in a way that does not erroneously consider them as evidence of failure in the test.


The ENUM technology is studied.The related definitions of ENUM are introduced.Some problems of ENUM application are analyzed.The specific procedures are demonstrated.


A fast new block-matching image registration algorithm is proposed and tested through simulation. It first finds the relative image displacement to the nearest pixel by searching within a rectangular window using logarithmicallydecreasing step sizes. It then refines the displacement estimate to subpixel accuracy through bilinear interpolation of the sum-ofabsolute-differences block error metric. Mean estimation errors (defined as Euclidean distance between estimated displacement and ground truth) of the order of 0.5% of the pixel pitch are achieved for low-noise natural images larger than 300000 pixels.


Background: more than half of the world's population is currently facing health crisis. As a result, millions of businesses have had to shutdown either temporarily or permanently. With COVID-19 and its economic fallout, now spreading in the poorest regions of the world, many more people will become poor and food-insecure. Increased food insecurity may act as a multiplier for the epidemic due to its negative health effects and increased in national starvation. The impacts of COVID-19 are particularly strong for people in the lower tail of the food insecurity distribution. In the current context, the effects of food insecurity could be made worse as a result of the general rise of food stuff prices. Objective: in this paper, we will investigate the interaction between COVID-19 and the drop in the food price leading to food insecurity in Cameroon. Data collection:  rapid phone survey across the national territory (Cameroon) confirm(s) the widespread impact of COVID-19 on household and food insecurity. Data collected in urban markets shows that main cities are highly affected by the covid-19 crises. Data retrieved was linked and processed in data editing software (Microsoft Office) for the production of results in text and tabular format. Result: as the coronavirus crisis unfolds, disruptions in domestic food supply chains and loss of incomes and remittances are creating strong tensions and food insecurity in Cameroon. Despite stable food prices of certain goods, most cities are experiencing varying levels of food price inflation at the retail level, reflecting supply disruptions due to COVID-19. Rising food prices have a greater impact in low and middle income consumers since a larger share of their income is spent on food.


This study was intended to provide basic information which might be useful in increasing added values to the pork from Korean native black pigs (KNP), through comparative evaluation on carcass characteristics and meat qualities between KNP and four exotic breed groups including Duroc (DD), Landrace (LL), Yorkshire (YY), and LYD-cross (1/4LL 1/4YY, 1/2DD), and the results were summarized as follows. Live weight carcass weight, dressed meat weight, skin weight, fat weight and bone weight of KNP were significantly (p while other groups ranged from 11.5 to Shear force value was not different among the treatments. KNP had significantly (p value while DD had significantly (p


Purpose: The aim of our present work was to develop and validate a reverse phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method for the determination of Decitabine (DCB). The developed method was further applied to observe the degradation of DCB under various stress conditions. Methods: Chromatographic separation was achieved on C18, 250 × 4.6 mm, particle size 5 μm, Agilent column, using ammonium acetate (0.01M) as mobile phase with flow rate of 1mL/min and injection volume was 20 μL. Quantification was carried out with UV detector at 230 nm with a linear calibration curve in the concentration range of 10–100 μg/mL based on peak area. Thus, developed method was validated for linearity, accuracy, precision, and robustness. Results: Linearity was found to be in the range between 10–100 μg/mL with a significantly higher value of correlation coefficient r = 0.9994. The limits of detection (LOD) and the limits of quantification (LOQ) were found to be 1.92μg/mL and 5.82 μg/mL respectively. Moreover, validated method was applied to study the degradation profile of DCB under various stress degradation conditions. Examination of different stress conditions on degradation of DCB showed that its degradation was highly susceptible to oxidative condition as 31.24% of drug was degraded. In acidic and alkaline conditions, the drug was degraded by 21.03% and 12.16% respectively, while thermal and photolytic condition causes least degradation, i.e. 0.21% and 0.3% respectively. Conclusion: The proposed method was found to be sensitive, specific and was successfully applied for the estimation of DCB in bulk drug, and lipid based nanoparticles.


COVID-19 is one of the most disruptive events in modern history with the restriction on physical contact, travel and free movements, isolation,
quarantine, and substantial clinical workload during the pandemic, traditional pharmacovigilance approaches of spontaneous reporting, and
causality assessment will be more challenging. They have been unexpected opportunities recognized by innovators, researchers, and healthcare
professionals. The key health authorities have released guidance for stakeholders, providing information and guidance on the conduct of clinical
trials and post-marketing surveillance during the COVID-19 pandemic. To start a clinical trial a sponsor designs a research protocol. This protocol
is designed according to the guidelines handed by the regulatory authority. The guidelines describe in detail how sponsors can ensure that trials or
studies contain the mandatory pharmacovigilance regulations. The Pandemic affected the work of pharmacovigilance professionals, which made it
work from home so it affected such processes as case submission and audits, and also it makes the biggest impact on vaccines. They are incremental
changes on a large scale. The COVID-19 pandemic teaches the importance of electronic reporting, the importance of robust and responsive
intelligence processes, and the need for centralized systems for submission oversight


Objectives To explore the characteristics of brain activity during verbal fluency task ( VF) by using blood oxygenation level dependent-functional magnetic resonance imaging (BOLD-fMRI). Methods Eighteen healthy volunteers were recruited in the study, and fulfilled brain fMRI when they performed a 6-block VF task. The data of activation and rest images were reconstructed with an offline workstation and the activation map was obtained. Results During the VF task, such brain areas as bilateral superior frontal gyrus, bilateral middle frontal gyrus, right inferior frontal gyrus and right anterior cingulate were significantly activated. Conclusions It indicates that retrieval of long-term memory may be related to the bilateral dorsolateral frontal cortex ( DLFC) and right ventrolateral frontal cortex ( VLFC) , with the DLFC monitoring and checking the products of memory, and the VLFC involving memory procedure for searching special targets.


Automatic kinship verification using face images involves analyzing features and computing similarities between two input images to establish kin-relationship. It has gained significant interest from the research community and several approaches including deep learning architectures are proposed. One of the law enforcement applications of kinship analysis involves predicting the kin image given an input image. In other words, the question posed here is: "given an input image, is it possible to generate a kin-image?" This paper, for the first time in the literature, attempts to generate kin-images using Generative Adversarial Learning. The proposed KinshipGAN model incorporates three information, kin-gender, kinship loss, reconstruction loss, in a GAN model and generates kin images. On the WVU Kinship Video database, the proposed model shows very promising results in generating kin images. Kinship verification accuracy is used as an evaluation metric and the results show 70% accuracy.


Abstract : Tungsten single crystals oriented in the direction with rhenium contents from 0 to 9 atomic percent were deformed in tension at room temperature. The addition of rhenium drastically affected the tensile behavior of these crystals was determined. Rhenium additions increased the proportional limit stress and decreased both the flow stress and the rate of work hardening. In addition, discontinuous yielding and necking during deformation were observed in crystals containing 5 atomic percent or more rhenium. Necking was not observed in unalloyed oriented crystals. While deformation in the unalloyed oriented crystals apparently involved both {110} and {112} slip, crystals with rhenium contents of 5 atomic percent or more deformed primarily by {112} slip. Traces attributable to {110} slip were found only in the work-hardened necked region of the 9 atomic percent rhenium crystals. The tensile behavior of these rhenium-containing crystals was similar to that of oriented unalloyed tungsten crystals.


Aqueous polymeride dispersions obtained by polymerizing radically polymerizable unsaturated monomers in aqueous phase in the presence of a saccharide or mixtures of saccharides using the radical aqueous emulsion polymerization process are used as textile auxiliaries in easy-care finishing of textile fabrics.


Aristotelian ethics is widely accepted by many scholars as a practical science. However, this study showed that it is not after all a practical science but a speculative or theoretical science. Having employed textual analysis on Aristotle's Nicomachean Ethics, it was found out that eudaimonia the Highest Good/Chief Good which is the ultimate goal of Ethics is achieved not through action but through contemplation. Contemplation is the act not of the will but of intellect. Hence, the highest virtue or excellence of man is the fulfilment of highest faculty which is reason in contemplation of the Chief Good. The Chief Good, which is characterized by Aristotle as final, complete, and Self-Sufficient End is not physical and concrete but rather incorporeal and abstract because such qualities cannot be found among corporeal entities. Thus, Aristotelian ethics is metaphysics; it is neither concrete nor practical. Moreover, happiness cannot be the Chief Good because happiness is merely an activity, a quality, and a disposition and an activity cannot be identified as end which is desired for its own sake. Therefore, the Chief Good must be a substance and this substance is the Final Cause/the Necessary Being which is the End of all ends and the Good of all goods. KEYWORDS: Philosophy, Aristotle, Ethics, Nicomachean Ethics, Moral Philosophy, Metaphysics,Theoretical Science, Speculative Science, Descriptive Textual Analysis, Philippines


The article deals with the problem of grammar category of time and objective time and its expression in the simple sentence.


PURPOSE: To provide technology whereby a leg-lowering condition in which wheels are lowered can be surely and safely sensed. CONSTITUTION: A crank member 920 for sensing the movement of a position regulating member such as a pawl 50 is provided in addition to a lever member 910 which senses the movement of a locking piston 700. These two sensing means 910, 920 bring a mechanical switch such as a limit switch 460' into a switching operation. COPYRIGHT: (C)1995,JPO


Objective : The present work describes the development and subsequent validation of a simple, precise and stability–indicating reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method for the simultaneous estimation of diethylcarbamazine citrate, guaiphenesin and chlorpheniramine maleate in tablet dosage forms. Methods : A simple, accurate, precise and robust RP-HPLC method was developed and validated for the estimation of diethylcarbamazine citrate, guaiphenesin and chlorpheniramine maleate. The chromatographic separation of all the three active components was achieved by using luna phenyl-hexyl column (250 mmx4.6 mm, dp=5 µm) with a mobile phase consisting of isocratic method with 0.1% triethylamine as buffer along with orthophosphoric acid adjusted to P H 2.5: acetonitrile (50:50v/v) at a flow rate 1.0 ml/min and ultraviolet detection at 210 nm. Results : The retention time of chlorpheniramine maleate, guaiphenesin and diethylcarbamazine citrate were 2.86, 4.89 and 7.76 min respectively. Validation of the proposed method was carried out according to an international conference on harmonization (ICH) guidelines. The established method was linear in the range of 1-15, 0.6-9, 0.02-0.3 µg/ml and correlation coefficient was 0.999, 0.9991, and 0.993 for diethylcarbamazine citrate, guaiphenesin and chlorpheniramine maleate respectively. Conclusion : The proposed method can be used for the quantitative analysis of diethylcarbamazine citrate, guaiphenesin and chlorpheniramine maleate.


Two ways of enhancing liquid to solid mass transfer in regular packings are proposed and investigated: the introduction of a fluidized bed of inert particles and of turbulence promoters by constructing the packing from expanded metal. It is shown that both systems can be of considerable benefit in improving the mass transfer performance: up to 200% in the first case and up to 130% in the second case. However, the energy dissipated by fluidized particles is excessive in comparison to that consumed by turbulence promoters.


Interventions for disease prevention among nursing students: A controlled six-week pilot study Objectives: This study was designed to evaluate whether training on disease prevention results in measurable behavioural change among nursing students in terms of number of steps, sport units and portions of fruit/vegetables. Methods: Two classes of nursing students were allocated into an interventional and a control group. Only the interventional group received training on health promotion and disease prevention, but both groups were monitored for 42 days. The main end points were number of steps per day, number of sport units per week and portions of fruit/vegetables per day. Mean values and standard deviations (SD) were calculated and statistically compared between both groups. Results: A total of 46 students were included in the study. The mean age of the participants was 21.3 (SD 5.2) years in the interventional group (n=22) and 19.0 (SD 1.4) years in the control group (n=24). Participants in the interventional group walked more steps per day and completed more sport units per week over the whole study period, with significant differences compared to the control group only during the period from day 29 to day 42 (Steps: 6258 vs. 3654; Δ: 2604.4 [95% CI: 556.8; 4652.1]; p=0.015/Sport units: 3.1 [SD 2.1] vs. 1.6 [SD 1.4]; Δ1.5 [95% CI: 0.2; 2.3]; p=0.03) respectively. There was no significant difference between both groups for portions of fruit/vegetables per day. Conclusion: This pilot study indicates that the cost-effective training of nursing students could result in a change in exercise behaviour. Nevertheless, these are only initial findings and further long-term studies are needed before definitive conclusions can be drawn. Keywords: disease prevention – nursing students – nursing


Inquiry-based teaching strives to engage students in learning mathematics with understanding in the classroom. Therefore, there is great interest in supporting teachers to meet this pedagogical challenge by developing practices that promote such an educational environment at different school levels. A powerful way for teachers to learn and transform their teaching is through teacher inquiry. This paper presents a model for inquiry into mathematics teaching based on the perspectives of theorists directly associated with teacher education. This model is described as an overarching inquiry cycle in which teachers begin with practice, pose a pedagogical problem, understand a key construct in the problem, hypothesize an inquiry-teaching model, test/apply it, and finally revise/apply this model. This approach is illustrated with a self-directed professional development process aimed at helping elementary teachers to develop understanding of inquiry-based teaching of mathematics.


Abstract Heterosis in the number of differentiated, degenerated, and surviving spikelets in two important Chinese F1 hybrids Shanyou 63 (SY63) and Yayou 2 (YY2) and their parents was observed under solution culture conditions. The results indicated that the number of differentiated, degenerated, and surviving spikelets all showed a very high value for mid-parental (MP) heterosis in the hybrids at both panicle and plant levels. The increase in the number of surviving spikelets primarily depended on that of the number of differentiated spikelets. The percentage of degenerated spikelets showed a positive value for MP and higher-parental (HP) heterosis (increase) in SY63, while it showed a negative value for MP and HP heterosis (decrease) in YY2. Morphologically, the components of the number of surviving spikelets increased in the hybrids, especially the number of surviving secondary rachis branches. Dry matter production at heading showed a high value for MP and HP heterosis. However, the ratio of dry matter weight to the number of differentiated spikelets did not show a MP heterosis. The hybrids showed a lower percentage of degenerated spikelets for the same ratio of dry matter weight to the number of differentiated spikelets. The N uptake in the hybrids showed a MP and HP heterosis, but the efficiency of the N in producing the number of surviving spikelets showed a negative value for MP and HP heterosis. The MP and HP heterosis in the sink-source ratio of the number of surviving spikelets to the leaf area varied considerably with the combinations. These findings suggested that still many characters could be further improved in F1 hybrid rice.


N-(2-bromoallyl)-N-prop-2-ynyl- and N-allyl-N-(2-bromoallyl)-amines 1 and 5 undergo intramolecular cyclization by sing zirconocene methyl chloride to give zirconacycles 4 and 6, respectively, which are characterized by deuteriolysis affording products 2 and 7; carbonylation of 6 and further reaction with electrophiles (deuterium oxide, allyl bromide, 4-chlorobenzonitrile, benzaldehyde, benzophenone and benzylideneaniline) leads to compounds 8, 9 and 11–15.


The genus Hexabathynella (Crustacea, Malacostraca, Bathynellacea) is revised in the sense of the phylogenetic systematics and four new species are described from South Africa (H. monoaethetasca sp. nov. and H. africana sp. nov.) and America (H. schrieveri sp. nov. and H. virginiae sp. nov.). A comparative analysis of all observable outer structures distributed in 18 known and four new species resulted in a re-evaluation of 18 characters and character states. The phylogenetic analysis using the program PAUP yielded one most-parsimonious tree, which suggests the grouping of (H. decora ((H. halophila + H. aotearoae) + (H. pauliani (H. monoaethetasca +H. africana)))) + (H. knoepffleri (H. nicoleiana (H. hebrica, H. tenera, H. longiappendiculata, H. breviappendiculata, H. nestica) + H. virginiae ((H. minuta (H. valdecasasi+H. otayana)) + (H. hessleri+H. muliebris))) + H. paranaensis (H. szidati+H. schrieveri)). The tree is 57 steps long and has a consistency index of 0.6140, a retention index of 0.7982 and a rescaled consistency index of 0.4901. The result does not agree with the previous analyses on the genus. In terms of sampling and coding, the characters used in the previous study are critically assessed. © 2006 The Linnean Society of London, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2006, 147, 71–96.


Colloidal quantum dots (QDs) exhibit highly desirable size- and shape-dependent properties for applications from electronic devices to imaging. Indium phosphide QDs have emerged as a primary candidate to more toxic CdSe QDs, but production of InP QDs with the desired properties lags behind other QD materials due to a poor understanding of how to tune the growth process. Using high-temperature ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) simulations, we report the first direct observation of early-stage intermediates and subsequent formation of an InP cluster from indium and phosphorus precursors. In our simulations, indium agglomeration precedes formation of In–P bonds. We observe a predominantly intercomplex pathway in which In–P bonds form between one set of precursor copies, and the carboxylate ligand of a second indium precursor in the agglomerated indium abstracts a ligand from the phosphorus precursor. This process produces an indium-rich cluster with structural properties comparable to those in bulk zinc-bl...


I Caliper Life Sciences Launches Xenogen In Vivo Imaging System with Advanced Fluorescent Detection Capability. This flexible and advanced addition to the company's suite of in vivo imaging systems comprises the next generation of instrumentation in optical imaging. The IVIS Spectrum is the only in vivo optical imaging system that can perform high sensitivity bioluminescent imaging and advanced fluorescent imaging, including spectral unmixing, trans-illumination, and 3D tomographic capabilities. The company's non-invasive imaging systems enable scientists to better visualize, track and understand biological processes in living animals, in real time, at a molecular level. Illuminating biological processes allows real-time visual exploration and analysis of gene expression, cellular pathways, drug/target interactions and the mechanism of action of drugs.The Xenogen IVIS Spectrum will be available in Q1 2007. Caliper is currently taking orders for the product. For additional information, please contact: firstname.lastname@example.com or (877)-LabChip.


The cytosolic sulfotransferase (SULT) SULT2A1 is known to mediate the sulfation of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) as well as many other sterols and steroids. The present study was designed to investigate how genetic polymorphisms of the human SULT2A1 gene may affect the sulfation of DHEA. Online databases were comprehensively searched to identify human SULT2A1 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Of the 98 SULT2A1 non‐synonymous coding SNPs identified, seven were selected for further investigation. Site‐directed mutagenesis was used to generate cDNAs encoding these seven SULT2A1 allozymes, which were expressed in BL21 E. coli cells and purified by glutathione‐Sepharose affinity chromatography. Enzymatic assays revealed that purified SULT2A1 allozymes displayed differential sulfating activity toward DHEA. Kinetic analyses showed further differential catalytic efficiency and substrate affinity of the SULT2A1 allozymes, in comparison with wild‐type SULT2A1. These findings provided useful information concerning the effects of genetic polymorphisms on the sulfating activity of SULT2A1 allozymes.


Objective:To investigate the differences of etiology and risk factors of young patients and middle and elderly patients with cerebral infarction.Methods:Clinical characteristics of 160 patients with cerebral infarction were retrospectively analyzed.Results:The common frequent risk factors in both groups were hypertension.The main lesions in young group were cerebral lobes.The main lesions in other group were the areas of basal ganglia.Conclusion:According to the differences of etiology and risk factors,some different methods are chosen to prevent beforehand and treat the cerebral infarction.


The primary goal of this research was to determine if the affection experienced for a dating partner is affected to a greater degree by disclosure given or by disclosure received. A second purpose was to examine the effect of the overall level of self-disclosure by the couple on the stability of their relationship. These issues were examined with survey data collected from fifty dating couples. The results indicated that the degree of disclosure judged to be received from the partner ('perceived other disclosure') was generally more predictive of affection than disclosure given to the partner. `Actual other disclosure' (i.e. disclosure the partner reports that he/she gives) was positively related to affection felt for a partner by men, but not by women. The results also indicated that the amount of overall disclosure in the relationship was predictive of whether couples remained together over four years.


DOI: 10.21276/sjavs.2017.4.10.1 Abstract: Linear body measurements and carcass characteristics of four buck grasscutters of three years old of average body weight of 4462.5±425g were investigated. The linear body measurements revealed the mean body length of 54.25±3.70cm, the colon with rectum had the longest linear body measurement value of 201.25± 8.5cm and the least measurement of 0.34±1.0cm obtained for skin thickness. The indices showed that the body length was 200.9% of dressed carcass length. Average dressing percentage was 66.22±0.80%. The study revealed the leg to be highest cut-part (39.45±5.69%) and the rib had the least value of 11.06±0.66% of live body weight. Among dissected cut-parts into meat, skin and bone investigated there were no significantly (P<0.05) between loin, leg, shoulder, ribs but varied with breast,flank,shank (BSF) of chilled left halved carcass expressed as percent live body weight. The meat to bone ratio was in the order BSF>rib> shoulder> leg >loin while skin to lean was in order BSF>rib>loin>shoulder> leg.


We use thick, relatively high purity 4H SiC boule material to measure the wavelength modulated absorption spectrum with improved wavelength resolution and sensitivity with respect to previous work. We observe several small 0.6 ± 0.1 meV splittings, which we attribute to electron mass anisotropy and electron-hole exchange interaction. In addition, we identify several features in the absorption spectrum as signatures of nonparabolicity in the free exciton dispersion relations, the primary origin of which is likely the nonparabolic energy dispersion of the valence bands, as revealed by published band structure calculations based on density functional theory.


Obesity‐related asthma, a specific type of asthma, tends to have more severe symptoms and more frequent exacerbations, and it is insensitive to standard medications. Plumbagin (PLB) has many positive effects on human health. However, it remains unclear whether PLB protects against obesity‐related asthma. The study investigated the effect of PLB on obesity‐related asthma.


The MGNREGA aims at enhancing the livelihood security of the rural households and can provide the basis of permanent social security system and even act as an instrument for planned and equitable rural development. The provisions of the MGNREGA will be implemented at the state level through the State Employment Guarantee Council which will be the nodal agency to monitor and review the implementation of the Act at the state level. This study examines the role and significance of the National Rural Employment Guarantee Act and its impact of the income and employment generation on the beneficiaries in study area during the period of 2014-15. The Government of India made a commitment that would immediately enact an employment Guarantee Act. The draft proposed by the National Advisory Council (NAC) envisaged legal guarantee to every household in rural areas for 100 days for doing casual manual work. The Chittoor district is one of the drought prone districts in Andhra Pradesh. The weaker sections such as Scheduled Castes (SC) and Scheduled Tribes (ST) are not provided with minimum working days under this programme as stipulated in the guidelines of the programme. In many cases, the works are not provided to the workers in time. Middleman/supervisors play a dominant role and the nature of exploitation is one of the major constraints in the implementation of the programme involved, setting aside the very purpose of the programme. Worst sufferers are the SC/ST people because of their weak social-economic bottlenecks. Hence, there is an urgent need to evaluate, this programme.


Explains the implications of automation to business management. Assessment of industrial productivity in line with technological innovations; Responsibilities of supervisors in an automated environ...


The complexity (number of spanning trees) in a finite graph Γ (network) is crucial. The quantity of spanning trees is a fundamental indicator for assessing the dependability of a network. The best and most dependable network is the one with the most spanning trees. In graph theory, one constantly strives to create novel structures from existing ones. The super subdivision operation produces more complicated networks, and the matrices of these networks can be divided into block matrices. Using methods from linear algebra and the characteristics of block matrices, we derive explicit formulas for determining the complexity of the super subdivision of a certain family of graphs, including the cycle Cn, where n=3,4,5,6; the dumbbell graph Dbm,n; the dragon graph Pm(Cn); the prism graph Πn, where n=3,4; the cycle Cn with a Pn2-chord, where n=4,6; and the complete graph K4. Additionally, 3D plots that were created using our results serve as illustrations.


International Journal of Exercise Science 8(2): 184-191, 2015. For optimal physical and mental health and child growth, development and maturation, the Canadian physical activity guidelines recommend children participate in minimally 60 minutes of moderate intense physical activity each day. It is often believed that children's participation in sport provides sufficient physical activity to meet these recommendations. The purpose of this study was to measure the amount and intensity of physical activity obtained by children participating in a regularly scheduled ice hockey practice and game. Actigraph GT3X triaxial accelerometers (motion detectors) were used to determine the intensity and amount of physical activity obtained by 9and 10-year old children (16 boys; 1 girl) during an ice hockey practice and game. Downloaded accelerometer counts were converted to minutes of moderate, hard, or very-hard physical activity. On average, participants spent 30.2 ± 10.8 min or 43.1% of their 70-min ice hockey practice and 22.3 ± 6.3 min or 28.2% of their 80-min ice hockey game in moderate or more intense physical activity. Children's participation in one session of organized ice hockey, whether a practice or a game, did not meet the minimal daily physical activity recommendation for children. Thus parents, teachers, coaches, and physical activity practitioners must create, support, and encourage additional opportunities for children to engage in physical activity of sufficient intensity for optimal growth and development and to ensure physical and mental health and well-being.


On three occasions the Qur'an mentions what it calls barzakh, an enigmatic word that denotes a partition such as that found between fresh and sea water, good and evil, faith and knowledge, even this world and the next. Nimble thinkers have made good use of the in-betweenness of barzakh. Its divisions make possible distinctions and provide form. And yet, just as it divides, the barzakh also connects. In fact, the word is often rendered in English as "isthmus," which shows up its usefulness for thinking about difference in a way that does not presuppose stark oppositions, on the one hand, nor conflation and indistinction, on the other. The twelfth-century philosopher Ibn 'Arabi used barzakh to describe that which separates/unites the created and the Creator, making it a key concept within his theory of the unity of existence. Building upon these insights, modern readers have found this concept useful to negotiate contemporary questions of self and other, questions that became particularly important in the colonial and postcolonial eras. For example, the late Algerian novelist Mohammed Dib used barzakh to signify his personal struggles to think across North (Europe) and South (North Africa), French and Arabic. Likewise, the Moroccan scholar Taieb Belghazi has mobilized barzakh to rethink the Mediterranean Sea as a heterogenous space that joins and "disjoins" lands, languages, and people. Barzakh also names an important new publishing house in Algiers and its concept frames the editors' work producing titles in which questions of (post)colonialism and of cultural liminality figure prominently.


Objective We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of the tissue adequacy and complication rates of percutaneous transthoracic needle biopsy (PTNB) for molecular analysis in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Materials and Methods We performed a literature search of the OVID-MEDLINE and Embase databases to identify original studies on the tissue adequacy and complication rates of PTNB for molecular analysis in patients with NSCLC published between January 2005 and January 2020. Inverse variance and random-effects models were used to evaluate and acquire meta-analytic estimates of the outcomes. To explore heterogeneity across the studies, univariable and multivariable meta-regression analyses were performed. Results A total of 21 studies with 2232 biopsies (initial biopsy, 8 studies; rebiopsy after therapy, 13 studies) were included. The pooled rates of tissue adequacy and complications were 89.3% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 85.6%–92.6%; I2 = 0.81) and 17.3% (95% CI: 12.1%–23.1%; I2 = 0.89), respectively. These rates were 93.5% and 22.2% for the initial biopsies and 86.2% and 16.8% for the rebiopsies, respectively. Severe complications, including pneumothorax requiring chest tube placement and massive hemoptysis, occurred in 0.7% of the cases (95% CI: 0%–2.2%; I2 = 0.67). Multivariable meta-regression analysis showed that the tissue adequacy rate was not significantly lower in studies on rebiopsies (p = 0.058). The complication rate was significantly higher in studies that preferentially included older adults (p = 0.001). Conclusion PTNB demonstrated an average tissue adequacy rate of 89.3% for molecular analysis in patients with NSCLC, with a complication rate of 17.3%. PTNB is a generally safe and effective diagnostic procedure for obtaining tissue samples for molecular analysis in NSCLC. Rebiopsy may be performed actively with an acceptable risk of complications if clinically required.


Mathematics, by its nature, is a creative activity. Creativity can be developed either through considering its intrinsic beauty or by examining the role that it plays in applications to real world problems. Many of the great mathematicians have been vitally interested in applications and gained inspiration in developing new mathematics from the mathematical descriptions of physical phenomena. In this paper we will examine the processes of applying mathematics by looking at how mathematical models are formed and used. Applications from sport, the environment and populations are used as illustrations.


The basic tourism right of citizens is a specific tourism performance on the political,economic,social and cultural rights.For a long time,this right can not exercised effectively because of the fuzzy understanding about it.Many tourism problems are closely linked with it.The paper puts forward a concept of "the basic tourism rights of citizens and gives it a preliminary explanation. The paper also isolates "the civil tourism right" "from the civil constitutional rights",analyzes its legal status and nature,and provides the legal basis as well as the necessary reference for the purpose of a better exercise,innovation and development of the tourism industry.


This study used the concept of quantophrenia (Gaulejac, 2007) in the liquid-modern society (Bauman, 2009) to investigate how a popular business magazine has presented concepts regarding career and success over the last several years. The study sought to highlight and analyze the concepts of career and success presented by a popular business magazine. Therefore, the magazine Voce S/A  was selected because it operates to divulge and provide legitimacy for the management rationale that includes quantophrenia. The data collection prioritized its cover stories in the 156 editions published over thirteen years (1998-2011). The content analysis technique revealed the use of numbers and the explicit or latent manner of presenting career and success categories. The numbers showed tips, lessons, attitudes, ideas, and actions that, in the arena of plural choices, provide orientation for lifestyles (Giddens, 2002). The intensification of the use of highlighted numbers showed the quantophrenia related to the categories for career and success.  Quantophrenia is prescriptive regarding the ways of being and acting to obtain professional success, and was implied in the lifestyles demanded by work.


Bird migration occurs at the largest of global scales, but monitoring such movements can be challenging. In the US there is an operational network of weather radars providing freely accessible data for monitoring meteorological phenomena in the atmosphere. Individual radars are sensitive enough to detect birds, and can provide insight into migratory behaviors of birds at scales that are not possible using other sensors. Archived data from the WSR-88D network of US weather radars hold valuable and detailed information about the continent-scale migratory movements of birds over the last 20 years. However, significant technical challenges must be overcome to understand this information and harness its potential for science and conservation. We describe recent work on an AI system to quantify bird migration using radar data, which is part of the larger BirdCast project to model and forecast bird migration at large scales using radar, weather, and citizen science data.


This paper overviews a series of recent advances in adaptive processing and learning for audio source separation. In real world, speech and audio signal mixtures are observed in reverberant environments. Sources are usually more than mixtures. The mixing condition is occasionally changed due to the moving sources or when the sources are changed or abruptly present or absent. In this survey article, we investigate different issues in audio source separation including overdetermined/underdetermined problems, permutation alignment, convolutive mixtures, contrast functions, nonstationary conditions and system robustness. We provide a systematic and comprehensive view for these issues and address new approaches to overdetermined/underdetermined convolutive separation, sparse learning, nonnegative matrix factorization, information-theoretic learning, online learning and Bayesian approaches.


A new shaped circularly polarised dielectric resonator antenna is proposed. This antenna, compared to some previous investigations, is easier to implement, free from a complicated feed network and offers wider axial ratio bandwidth. About 4% AR bandwidth (< 3 dB) with S 11 < -10 dB and 3.5 dBi peak gain is reported.


In the present study, eight soil series of Yuanlin (Yu-1 and Yu-2), Erhlin (Eh-1 and Eh-2), Lukang (Lu-1), Shashuipu (Sp-c), Lukoutseu (Lk) and Fengyuen (Fy) are collected as the tested soils. The retention capactities of Zinc and lead, soil physical and chemical properties, and the low-temperature (5 K) and room-temperature (298 K) SQUID magnetization curves of the soil samples are determined. By using the multiple-regression-analysis method, suitable parameters for accurately predicting the retention capacities of zinc and lead are obtained, and the temperature effects on the magnetic parameters are discussed in detail. The results reveal that merely using the clay content, bulk density and organic matter content as three governing parameters can not predict the retention capacities of zinc and lead well. When the parameters of total Fe content and magnetic property are augmented I in the predicting model, the results of multiple-regression-analysis can be evidently improved. Besides, it is worth to mention that the regression results using the saturated magnetization and low-field susceptibility determined in low-temperature-(5 K) are better than those determined in room- temperature (298 K). However, when using the high-field susceptibility parameters, the magnetically measuring temperature does not significantly influence the regression results.


The invention relates to a machine body (1) and an assembling system (22) for assembling electric components on a substrate. The inventive machine body (1) of the assembling system (22) for assembling the electric components on the substrate comprises a metal frame (2) and two cheek bodies (3) which are made of concrete and connected to each other by means said frame (2).


The editors of this special issue have put our minds to disentangling the complexity of the Population, Consumption, and Environment (PCE) connections, drawing conclusions about the insights from the preceding case studies, wondering about future research and policy recommendations to be generated from them, and imagining how interdisciplinary research about PCE issues is best done. Our various disciplinary perspectives and research experiences reflect the array of people included among the case studies' research teams. What follows is a sampling of our discussions. Much of the material comes from a roundtable discussion held on 28 February, 2002, at Cambridge University, United Kingdom. We begin with Anuradha Kumar's description of the MacArthur Foundation's PCE initiative and goals, and combine it with comments from others about how difficult it is to conduct interdisciplinary research. From there we move to discussing why coastal and marine ecosystems are challenging sites for research and policy, but are very important foci of future work. Finally, we discuss the conceptual issues of grappling with population, consumption, and environment. We conclude with a modest set of policy recommendations.


Objective To assess the diagnostic value of NMP22 and BTA stat in the detection of bladder cancer. Methods 82 symptomatic patients suspicious of bladder cancer were asked to have urine NMP22,BTA stat,and cytological examination before cystoscopy. Results 32 patients were pathologicaly diagnosed as transitional cell carcinoma,and 50 cases were other benign urological conditions.The sensitivity of NMP22 (87.5%) was significantly better than BTA stat (65.6%) and urinary cytology ( 21.9 %), P 0.05.The specificity of NMP22,BTA stat and urinary cytology was 84.0%,64.0% and 100.0%,respectively.The positive predictive values was 77.8%,53.9% and 100.0%. Conclusions This study indicates that urinary NMP22 is a simple,feasible and noninvasive marker for the detection of urinary bladder cancer.


1. The composition of rubber, containing! polymer prepared by polymerizing at least one conjugated diene in the presence of an anionic initiator; and the viscosity-lowering additive; ! wherein said polymer contains carboxylate end groups formed as a result of introduction of carbon dioxide to the polymerisation termination circuits and has a Mooney viscosity ML1 + 4 of greater than about 35 and a solution viscosity of X, where X is greater than about 75 cps, and! lowering the viscosity of the additive reduces the viscosity of the polymer solution of the value X to 0,3H-0,58H values. ! 2. The composition of claim 1, wherein the viscosity reducing additive comprises organic acids, organic acid salts and mixtures thereof. ! 3. The composition of claim 1, wherein the viscosity-lowering additive is selected from the group consisting of zinc stearate, zinc oxide, aluminum stearate, 2-ethylhexanoic acid, and mixtures thereof. ! 4. A composition according to claim 1, wherein the viscosity-lowering additive is selected from the group consisting of liquid polybutadiene and liquid polybutadiene functionalized with maleic anhydride, or mixtures thereof. ! 5. The composition of claim 1, wherein the viscosity reducing additive reduces the solution viscosity to 0,45H, 0,55H values. ! 6. The composition of claim 1, wherein the polymer has a Mooney viscosity ML1 + 4 45. a! 7. A composition according to claim 1, wherein the conjugated diene is selected from the group consisting of 1,3-butadiene, isoprene, 2,3-dimethyl-1,3-butadiene, 1,3-pentadiene and mixtures thereof. ! 8. The composition of claim 1, further comprising at least one additional monomer copolymerized with said at least one conjugated diene, wherein said additional monomer is selected from the group consisting of vinylaromatics


Nadein, K.S. & Perkovsky, E.E. 2 July 2019. Small and common: the oldest tropical Chrysomelidae (Insecta: Coleoptera) from the lower Eocene Cambay amber of India. Alcheringa XXX, X–X. ISSN 0311-5518. Three new genera and species of flea beetles (Chrysomelidae: Alticini) are described from the lowermost Eocene Cambay amber: Cambaltica paleoindica Nadein, gen. et sp. nov., Protorthaltica setosella Nadein, gen. et sp. nov., and Davidaltica cambayensis Nadein, gen. et sp. nov. These taxa share a zoogeographic affinity with extant Oriental and Afrotropical flea beetle faunas, with similarities to Afrotropical elements interpreted to be a result of Neogene migrations from Laurasia to Africa. The flea beetles within the Cambay amber are characterized by their small body size (1.2–1.9 mm), and the absence or rarity of larger flea beetles in the Cambay amber forest is assumed to be evidence for a progressive increase in the average body size of tropical flea beetles beginning in the early Eocene. Konstantin S. Nadein [email@example.com], University of Kiel, Zoological Institute, Functional Morphology and Biomechanics, Am Botanischen Garten 1–9, Kiel, Germany; Evgeny E. Perkovsky [firstname.lastname@example.com], Schmalhausen Institute of Zoology, National Academy of Science of Ukraine, Bogdana Khmelnitskogo Str. 15, Kiev, Ukraine, Borissiak Paleontological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Profsoyuznaya Str. 123, Moscow, 117997, Russia.